TW215127B - On-line handwriting Chinese character recognization method - Google Patents

Abstract

A matching method of stroke pattern sequence for on-line handwriting Chinese character which allows stroke sequence error, is characterized in: - The matching is bidirectional; i.e., matches the stroke pattern sequence of the writing input character with that of the reference character both forward and backward to obtain the matching paths and distances. The matching with minimum distance is selected. - The matching method first processes each stroke for smoothness and fineness, then recognizes the pattern and uses fordward and backward matching for the stroke pattern sequences of the input and reference characters to determine the distance between input and reference characters. Among the reference characters whose stroke number is almost equal to or exactly equal to that of the input character, the one with minimum distance to the input character represents the class of input character.

Description

A6 B6 2151 ^ 7_ V. Description of the invention () The present invention relates to an online handwriting Chinese character stroke pattern sequence comparison method, and the difference relates to an online handwriting Chinese character stroke pattern sequence comparison method that allows pen shovel sequence errors . Compared with the writings of most countries in the world, Chinese is a very special writing. The Chinese writing is composed of a series of strokes, each of which has its own stroke style. If all the writers can follow the fixed pen of each Chinese character to write) 丨 丨 page order to write Chinese characters, the recognition of Chinese characters will be only a problem of the recognition of the type of pen shovel, because at this time we Just compare the first stroke type of the input character with the first stroke type of the reference character, and compare the second stroke type of the input character with the second stroke type of the reference character. The distance between the input word and the reference word must be entered, but the writer does not rigidly follow the fixed stroke writing sequence column of each Chinese character, so in order to allow the writer more flexibility in writing, strokes with a stroke order error within a certain range are allowed A type sequence alignment method is absolutely necessary. The present invention is researched and improved based on the above-mentioned shortcomings of the conventional knowledge, and after continuous improvement over time, it finally succeeds in proposing an online handwritten Chinese character stroke pattern sequence comparison method that allows stroke sequence errors. This method has the following characteristics ---- , -----------! | 丄 ------ install ------ tr ------ come--{please " -read the notes on the back then (Fill in this page) The Ministry of Economics and Social Sciences Standard House ΛWorks Consumption includes printing by Zuosha 82.6. 40,000 «The Ministry of Economy Central Standard« Printing of the Industry and Consumers Cooperative Society 2151 ^ 7 V. Description of Invention () Identification effect. Therefore, the main purpose of the present invention is to propose a method for comparing stroke-type sequences to solve the recognition problem caused by different stroke order writing habits, so it is a very ideal method for comparison. In order to enable your review committee to further understand the purpose and technical content of the present invention, a preferred embodiment will be described in detail with the accompanying drawings. The relevant drawings are as follows: FIG. 1 is an online handwritten Chinese pen that allows pen cutting sequence errors in the present invention Execution flow chart of input character recognition of cut pattern sequence comparison method; FIG. 2 is a smoothed flow chart of online handwritten Chinese stroke pattern sequence comparison method that allows stroke cutting sequence errors of the present invention; FIG. 3 is allowed strokes of the present invention丨 Fine-lined flowchart of online handwriting Chinese stroke pattern sequence comparison method with sequence error; FIG. 4 is the comparison path of the present invention that allows online alignment of the handwriting Chinese stroke plastic sequence sequence comparison method with stroke sequence error Figure 5 is a sequence of reference stroke patterns in the case of " 王 〃character of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a sequence diagram of input stroke patterns in the case of " 王 〃character of the present invention * The basic pen cutting table; and Table 2 is the pen cutting distance table of the present invention. Please refer to FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the input word recognition of the online handwriting Chinese stroke pattern sequence comparison method that allows pen shovel sequence errors according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is pseudo-smooth Flowchart; Figure 3 Pseudo-page 4 ~ This paper scale selection is based on the standard (CNS) A 4 specification (210 X 297 g *) 82.6. 40,000 -I —L -------- --- ^ --- C ----- install -------- 1Γ ------% I (please read the precautions on the back first and save this page to write this page) Fang Jingong Consumption includes Zuozi Zizi 2151 ^ 7. Fifth, the invention description () is a thin-line flowchart; its pseudo is that the present invention smoothes and thinns each stroke of the input word, and its smoothing action It is to make the curvature of the stroke change gently, and the action of thinning is to delete the extra points. Before applying this comparison method, you need to identify the type of each stroke. The type definition of stroke type is defined by a basic stroke, as shown in Table 1. The comparison method of the present invention is emphasized as a two-way comparison method, which is a real-value technical improvement of the one-way comparison method. The one-way comparison method has been applied to the online handwritten Chinese recognition system developed by the Telecommunication Research Institute of the Ministry of Communications. After the improvement and application of the two-way comparison method, it can provide a fairer comparison and higher recognition rate than the one-way comparison method, which is explained as follows: Two-way comparison provides more and fairer than the one-way comparison method. Comparison-* Suppose the input strokes are Stl, St, S2 in sequence and the candidate words are Ra, Rx, R2. The one-way comparison is: (1) Find out from R〇, Ri, R3 ... ' One value is paired with 5 (the most recent type 1). (2) Choose one of the remaining R., Ri, · to pair with Si. And so on. So the one-way comparison is R., Rt, R2 • Let Sq, Sl, Sa pick, and Sa pick first, then 31 pick, then Ss pick ... So the later St, the less chance of picking, even if the input word is cut If the number is more than the number of pen shovel candidates, the order of the next cut may not be selected. Two-way comparison is to make up for this shortcoming: ~ Page 5 This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS> A4 Washing Frame (210 X 297 Gong »)) 82.6. 40,000 .-------------- Γ — 入 ----- 装- ----- Subscribe ------ Dike--(Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) «Jibu quasi bureau 霣 工 消 # Cooperation Du printed A6 B6 V. Description of invention () (1) Forward comparison: let the shovel sequence first select the input stroke to be matched with the candidate stroke. (2) Reverse comparison: let the stroke sequence later the input stroke select the candidate to be matched with the candidate word Pen and match pairing. Improved effect: The comparison selection is more and fairer, which can improve the recognition rate. The comparison method of the present invention has been implemented in an online handwritten Chinese recognition system of the Telecommunications Research Institute. The specific application of the rules can be illustrated by the flow chart in Figure 1. The step of "distance sorting" is to explain the type of the input word with the smallest distance between the reference word and the input word. After the stroke type of the input word is recognized, Bidirectional comparison of all candidate words by pen shovel. The "distance sorting" program makes the comparison distance of each candidate word from small to large After the sequence, it is passed to the output result word program for output recognition results and candidate word candidates. The calculation of the comparison distance is based on the definition of the "distance table". As shown in Table 2, the distance table is defined as when the input stroke is recognized as i Type, and the candidate word has a stroke type J, and the distance between the two is the value of the i-th U and Jth line of the distance table. The present invention is an online handwriting Chinese character stroke pattern sequence comparison method that allows stroke sequence errors , The comparison method is a two-way comparison method, that is, according to the writing order of strokes, the stroke-cut pattern sequence of the input word and the stroke pattern sequence of the reference word are compared once from the beginning, and then according to the stroke The writing sequence compares the stroke pattern sequence of the input word with the stroke pattern sequence of the reference word from back to front. Here, we call the comparison from forward to backward as forward alignment, and the bb pair from backward to forward are reverse Comparison. ~ Page 6 ~ This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) 82.6. 40,000 (please read the precautions on the back before writing this page) 丨 Installation · Order · 2151 ^ 7 A6 ____B6_ V. Description of the invention (> (Please read the precautions on the back before writing the clothing page)> Suppose that the stroke shape sequence of the input word is:

So, Si »S2, · · ·, Si, ♦ · *, Sm reference character stroke pattern sequence is: R〇, Ri, Ra, · * ·, Rj, · · ·, R« where n S m economy部 + * 标 季 扃 Peggong Consumer Cooperatives * If we allow the writing order of strokes to have an error of N strokes, [that is, if the positive order of a pen should be in the Jth stroke, it is allowed to appear in the Jth- N strokes (including JN stroke) to JN strokes (including J + N stroke)], then Si can be any stroke between Ri-n and Ri + n (including Ri-n and Ri + n) R ”to match, as long as this Rj is not S. ~ Si-Ι (forward fcb time synchronization) or Si + Ι ~ Sm (reverse time comparison) when pairing is selected. The number of strokes of the reference character must be greater than or equal to the number of strokes of the input character, so as to ensure that each input character stroke will be matched; however, some reference character strokes are not matched. We hope that in the forward comparison, the reference writing strokes in the stroke writing order should be matched as much as possible, and the reference character strokes that are not paired should be in the order of stroke cutting later. Therefore, when doing forward comparison, as long as Si finds that Ri-ri is not paired, it must force Si to pair with Ri-n. Similarly, when doing reverse comparison, we hope that the stroke order is later than the reference word stroke Try to be paired as much as possible, and the reference character strokes that are not paired are as much as possible in the order of pen cutting. Therefore, when doing inverse comparison, as long as Si finds that Ri + ri is not paired, it must force Si to pair with Ri + n. This is called forced pairing. When doing forward comparisons, we take the N + 1 value input stroke each time we go to the reference character and shovel it for a correct match, for example, the first time we take S. , St, S2, -----

Sn takes Sn + i, Sn + 2, S2n + 2 for the second time; of course, enter the pen for N + 1 value ~ Page 7 ~ 82,6. 40,000 This paper is once again universally used in China a home standard (CNS) A 4 specifications (210 X 297 mm) Α6 Β6 V. Description of invention () Planning to find a pairing is a matter of permutation and combination. There are many possible pairing situations. We must find a minimum distance among these possible situations. , As the forward comparison path and distance of these N + 1 pens. After all the input word shovel have been paired, the forward comparison path of all input word strokes can be obtained, and the distance of the entire forward comparison path can also be obtained. Figure 4 shows the comparison path for forward alignment, S. To pair with Ri, St needs to be with R. Pairing, S3 must be paired with R2, that is, the comparison path corresponding to [S ^ ShSd is, then the forward alignment of the two will get a smaller distance. (Please read the notes on the back before writing. (Clothing page) By analogy, the comparison path and distance of the reverse fcb pair can also be obtained. We then choose the shortest distance from the two comparisons and the reverse bb pair to make the input stroke and the reference stroke Compare the path and distance. The following we use a specific embodiment to illustrate (as shown in Figures 5 and 6): Figure 5 is a sequence diagram of the reference stroke pattern of the present invention using " 王 〃 word as an example; FIG. 6 is the present invention using " 王" Words as an example of the input stroke pattern sequence diagram; if the comparison path of [Χο, Χ ^, X2] is [Υο, Υ:, Ys], we assume that the distance function between [Χο, Χχ, Xa] and is: D ([X〇, Xi, X2], [Y ^ YhYa]), UD ([Χο, Χι, χ2], [Υ〇, Υι, Υ2]) = D ([Xo], [Y〇]) + D ([Xi, Xa], CYl, Ya]) * {The standard rate in the Ministry of Economics and Economics is Λ 工 consumption including printing by the society = D (CXo], [Y〇]) + D ([Xi, Yi] ) + D [Xa, Ya]) 1 · There is no tolerance for the writing order of pen shovel, that is, N = 0 (a) Forward comparison:

Step 0: Take s〇, ~ page 8 ~ 82.6. 40,000 copies of the paper used in the national standard (CNS > A 4 present grid (210 X 297 «*) printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Pingbei Consumer Cooperative Cooperative System A6 B6 V. Description of invention () (Step 0) [S.] The only possible matching situation is [R.], the distance is D ([S〇], [R〇]), and S〇, R〇 Refer to Table 2 to get D ([S.], [R.]).

Step 1: Take Si, [SdS's only pairable case is [Ri], distance is D ([Si], [Ri]]) 〇Step 2: Take S2, [52] 's only possible pairing case is [R2], distance Is D (CS2), [Ra]).

Step 3: The only possible matching situation of S3 and [53] is [R3], the distance is D ([S3], [R3]). The comparison path of [So.Si, S2, S3] is [Ro .Ri.Ra.Ra], S giant separation is D ([S〇], [R〇]) + D ([Si, Rt]) + D [S2, R2]) + D ([S3], [R3 ]) 〇 (b) Reverse comparison:

Step 0: Take S3, [S3] the only possible pairing situation is [R3], the distance is D ([S3], [Ra]) 〇Step 1: Take the S2, [S2] the only possible pairing situation is [R2 ], The distance is D ([Sa], [R2]) Step 2: The only possible matching case for Si and [St] is [Rt], the distance is based on the paper size, and the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications are used (210 X 297 mm) 82.6. 40,000 ------------------ (------ install ------ order- ί (please read the back first Notes on this page and then write this page)% A6 B6 «Establishment of the Central Standard of the Ministry of Economy and Economics β-Consumer Cooperative Printing and Printing V. Description of Invention () D ([S i, [R t]) 〇Step 3: Take S〇, [S.] The only possible pairing situation is [R.], the distance is D ([S〇] »[R ·.]) 〇 Bei U [s3, s2, Si, S.] The comparison path is [R3 , R2, Ri, R.], The distance is the same as the forward comparison. 2. It is allowed to have a stroke writing sequence error, that is, N = 1 (a)) directional comparison: Step Ο ί Take S〇, Si, [S. , Si] The possible pairing situation is [R〇, Ri] [Rx, R〇] [R〇, R2] where the value of 0 ([3., 31], 1 ^., 1 ^ 1]) is the smallest, p / fM cr〇, ri], distance D ([Sc ^ Sd, [R.,! ^]). Step 1: The possible pairing conditions for Sa, S3, [S3, S3] are CR a, R a] CRa, Ra] where the value of D ([S2, S3], [R3, R2]) is the smallest, so [S2 , S3] The comparison path is [R3, R2], the distance D ([Sa, S3], [R3, R2]). Then [S〇, St, S2, S3] 's tb pair path is [Ro.R !, R3, Ra]. Page 10 This paper scale is applicable to the China Sleepless Family Standard (CNS) A 4 specifications (210 X 297 %) 82.6. 40.000 {Please "Precautions for reading back * first, then fill out this page > _Set · Order · V. Description of invention (> (Please read the precautions on the back before writing this page) The distance is 0 ([3., 51], 1 ^., Ruler 1]) + 0 ([32,33], 1 ^ 3.1? 2]) Ο (b) Reverse comparison:

Step 0: Take the possible comparison path of S3, S2, [S3, Sa] as [Ra, Ra] [Ra * R3] CRn ^ Rx] where D ([s3, s2], [R3, R3]) The smallest, so the comparison path of [s3, s2] is [r2, R3], the distance D ([s3, s3], [r2, r3]).

Step 1: Take Si, S〇, [St, S. ] The possible comparison path is [Ri, R〇] [R〇, Ri] where the value of D ([Si, S.], [Ri.R.]) is the smallest, so [St, S. ] The comparison path is [Ri, R. ], Distance from DGSi.S. ], [Rx.R. ]). Bay lj [Sn, S2, Si, S. ] The comparison path is R. ], The distance is the same as the forward comparison. In the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the standard is printed by the Beigong Consumer Cooperative Society. In summary, an online handwritten Chinese character shovel pattern sequence fcb pairing method that allows stroke order errors. The comparison method makes the identification of the stroke pattern correct, then Within a certain tolerance of the pen order, this method will make the recognition rate of the input words reach 100%; and this method is divided into forward comparison and ~ page 11 1 ~ 82.6. 40,000 private paper scale is applicable China a home sample standard (CNS) A4 continued • Pile (21〇X public goods> 2151 ^ 7 A6 B6 V. Invention description () Reverse comparison two steps, the number of strokes of the reference word and the pen of the input word When the number of shovel is different (such as the phenomenon of continuous characters in the input word), it can provide a better identification effect than other comparison methods; it is an invention with "industry use value", which is in accordance with the first invention patent of the Patent Law I request that I file a patent application in accordance with the law. The above-mentioned schematic description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the inventor. Most professionals who are skilled in this type of skill are based on the following application The shape and structure described in the patent scope , Within the scope of the sign and spirit, all modifications, changes, etc. should be included in the scope of the application of the present invention. (Please read the precautions on the back before writing this page)-Binding · Order. «Jibu Printed by Zhongpanpan for Beigong Consumption Consortium ~ Page 12 ~ This paper scale is applicable to «National Standard (CNS) A 4 Zhuge (21〇X 297 public goods) 82.6. 40,000 V. Description of invention () A6 B6 The Ministry of Economic Affairs Zhongjiao Cui «Diangong Consumer Cooperative Printed Table 1 '' f you. Qinsai 1j * +? ·) Shape 'j ./ i / L f Γ ......... ...:. ... " ** .7 Lv U 4 / " C ^ .. ^ 1; 〇 "....: ........ r -f; · //. ......] 3.. / 立 · Λ, Λ / 9 / * 4 ^ _ · · ___............ · ··· — —-_... · · · · · · · · · · · · · — — Ιι · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · «· __ 1 / Factory B · * u / 6 · 乂: · / 7 r2 · J ... jua 4 .... > ί....... /. ... -....... — 一一-一 · .. ... ............ 丨 _v— · —— α 丄 ________________-— · -— ·-丨. — »»- _ · — 丨 丨 — — .— (This f SJ) • Outside, 丄. (Please «Read the notes on the back before writing this page) 4 i. Order .. Elephant A /》 ~ This paper scale is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A 4 specifications (210 X 297 g *) 82.6. 40,000 1 a6 B6 ft Printed by ZTE ’s ZTE Prototype Engineering Consumer Cooperative Co., Ltd. V. Description of invention () * 7 I00 1 f〇Z? -I G 一 / ^-η ζ 3 ν · > f νκ > ν < ν ^ > {> 7 ^ ^ 0 cn30 3001 30-50 85 75 50ols 2 is Is' is Is Is Is i is Is Is 100 Is 100 Is 100 10 50 30 0 0 100 Is 0 Is Is Is 18 is Is Is is 100 Is Is is is 18 so 100 100 50 50 50 Is 50 40 30 8 Is 0 100 50 30 30 15 Is lsls 18 Is Is 100 100 s 100 is 50 10 50 is 70 15 s ISIS 18 0 10 Is 10 15 50 Is 30 Is Is 50 50 .100 1S25 30 Is 20 100 Is 15 ZO Is is Is 50 10 0 Is s Is Is Is Is Is 1S18 iioals. 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丨 J —installation and ordering. 30 50 50 30 5 20 20 5 The size of the paper is in accordance with China ’s Standard B (CNS) Grade 4 (210 X 297 mm) 82.6. 40,000

Claims (1)

Sixth, the patent application group 1 online handwriting Chinese character stroke pattern sequence comparison method that allows pen shovel sequence error, which is characterized in that the comparison method is a two-way comparison method, that is, writing according to the stroke 丨 犋The sequence of the stroke pattern of the input word and the stroke pattern sequence of the reference word are compared once from the beginning to the end, and then the sequence of stroke patterns of the input word and the stroke pattern sequence of the reference word from the back One time forward comparison, forward-backward comparison is forward comparison, backward-forward tb pair is backward comparison, sequential path and reverse comparison ratio path and distance can be obtained, and then forward fcb Among the two types of comparison and reverse comparison, the shortest distance is selected as the comparison path and distance of the input character stroke and the reference character pen shovel; the comparison method first performs smoothing and thinning of each stroke of the input character , And then identify the type of each stroke, and then the stroke pattern sequence of the input word and the stroke pattern sequence of the reference word to make a forward comparison and a reverse comparison to determine the distance between the input word and the reference word, the stroke Among all the reference words that are equal to or different from the stroke number of the input word by one or two strokes (depending on the number of consecutive strokes allowed), the one with the smallest distance from the input word ε represents the type of the input word to solve different Identify the troubles caused by the writing habits of the pen-cut order. For the purpose, please read the first note I t Warm Economy Department t 揊 揚 s > Ά X Printed by the Consumer Cooperative Society. The paper standard is in the BB standard (CNS) f 4 Specifications (210 X 297 g *) A7 7 7 BC Printed by the Central Government of Zhuji Jibei Consumer Cooperative Co., Ltd. VI. Patent application for Fan Garden 2 ♦ The tolerance of pen shovel order as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application Online handwriting Chinese character stroke pattern sequence comparison method, in which the basic stroke pattern sequence of each character is defined as follows: IJ -¾%, Naji another text, J /->... · · · · Λ丄 /. _. ... .............. \. „· ... .. ί ζ Γ · ............ ... — • 7 __ __________ ^.....-_ .. .. ^ ~ l Ί ^ .....-............. 1 κΐ .... ... .. * r〇f _ 卩 ........ // / 上 'Λ, 2; / 9 / Wu Fei ... · ..._________________.............. ·· _ · · · · · · · · * * "quote * m '/. Γ / 6 • .4 ./7 --- *-· '· * • fzj ... ··· 2〇 * 一 ___ * -------- V -------- ----- _x 工 ·· '~ h — > (%%.% j: / y ·· ··· ...... .. > 5 * / (ii% ^ P .. .. , C ^ ifl * J).; 7 I. · _—— m 皇 ".--- ··.,------------- * · ~ take w page ~-This paper size selection China Yuanjia Standard (CNS) A 4 specifications (21〇X 297 mm) —Λ ------ ^ -------, order {please read the notes on the back and write this page again ) 1. A7 〇77 Printed by Employee Consumer Cooperative of ZTE Probability Bureau of Ministry of Economy 6. Scope of patent application 3. Online handwritten Chinese that allows pen shovel and spray order errors as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, stroke type State sequence alignment method, in which the ^ word stroke distance sequence is defined as follows: > 7 7 00I: I,,-i, w-? 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