TW202410984A - Method of manufacturing hollow stabilizer bar - Google Patents
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- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000712 Boron steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;manganese Chemical compound [Mn]#B PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本發明關於一種汽車空心穩定桿的製造方法，尤其是一種關於有縫焊接的汽車空心穩定桿的製造方法。The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a hollow automobile stabilizer bar, in particular to a method for manufacturing a hollow automobile stabilizer bar with seam welding.
汽車用空心穩定桿的高頻焊管管胚傳統工藝(CN109423580和CN110038913)步驟如下：制管-＞退火熱處理-＞打頭-＞酸洗-＞皮膜皂化-＞抽管(依管胚尺寸採1~3次) -＞切頭尾-＞正火熱處理-＞矯直-＞探傷-＞切斷。其中制管後的退火熱處理，目的在改善焊縫組織，使其接近母材以利後續抽管。抽管後的正火熱處理，目的在調整材料組織，使其滿足機械性能需求。The traditional process of high-frequency welded tube blanks for automobile hollow stabilizers (CN109423580 and CN110038913) is as follows: tube making->annealing heat treatment->heading->pickling->film saponification->tube drawing (1~3 times according to tube blank size)->head and tail cutting->normalizing heat treatment->straightening->flaw detection->cutting. The annealing heat treatment after tube making aims to improve the weld structure and make it close to the parent material to facilitate subsequent tube drawing. The normalizing heat treatment after tube drawing aims to adjust the material structure to meet the mechanical performance requirements.
在熱處理工藝方面，空心穩定桿對表面質量要求極高，不得存在過厚的脫碳層和微裂紋，以保證其抗疲勞性能。傳統熱處理採用連續爐或批次爐，在鋼的A1或A3變態點溫度以上，持溫一段時間來改變材料組織。溫度愈高或持溫時間愈長，表面的脫碳和氧化情況愈嚴重。現有工藝常藉由氣氛保護，降低脫碳和氧化的發生，相對增加生產成本。In terms of heat treatment process, the surface quality of hollow stabilizer rods is extremely high, and there must not be too thick decarburized layer and microcracks to ensure its fatigue resistance. Traditional heat treatment uses continuous furnace or batch furnace, and the temperature is maintained for a period of time above the A1 or A3 transformation point of steel to change the material structure. The higher the temperature or the longer the temperature holding time, the more serious the decarburization and oxidation on the surface. Existing processes often use atmosphere protection to reduce the occurrence of decarburization and oxidation, which relatively increases production costs.
在表面處理工藝方面，傳統熱處理後會進行酸洗，移除表面過燒的氧化層，後再執行皂化，使其表面產生一層縝密的潤滑膜，提供抽管時的潤滑用途。經磷化和皂化處理的溶液，需經過中和淨化後再排放，方得降低汙染風險。In terms of surface treatment process, traditional heat treatment is followed by pickling to remove the over-burned oxide layer on the surface, followed by saponification to produce a dense lubricating film on the surface to provide lubrication when pulling the tube. The solution treated with phosphating and saponification needs to be neutralized and purified before discharge to reduce the risk of pollution.
在抽管工藝方面，傳統採多次抽拉，每次抽管之間需進行製程退火，不易提升抽管後的抗拉強度，且需付出較高的生產成本。In terms of the tube drawing process, the traditional method is to draw the tube multiple times, and annealing is required between each tube drawing. It is not easy to improve the tensile strength after the tube is drawn, and it requires a higher production cost.
為了減少抽管的次數，本發明之一實施例提出一種空心穩定桿製造方法，關於管胚的製備，包括： 選擇一鋼材及該鋼材之一目標抗拉強度； 利用拉伸試驗得到該鋼材的截面積縮減率-抗拉強度之一拉伸關係，和一抽管前抗拉強度a； 藉由該拉伸關係，以lnY=lna+n*lnX為基礎進行曲線擬合，其中Y為該鋼材之一抗拉強度，X為該鋼材截面積縮減率所對應之一延伸係數，得到該鋼材之一特徵參數n； 根據該目標抗拉強度、該抽管前抗拉強度a、該特徵參數n，得到該鋼材之一目標延伸係數； 根據該目標延伸係數，得到一截面積目標縮減率RA； 根據一管胚厚度關係式t*(D-t)=(1-RA)* t0*(D0-t0)，得到一D0對t0之關係，其中D為將該鋼材製成一管胚後，再經過抽管之一目標外徑，t為該管胚抽管後之一目標壁厚，D0為該管胚之一管胚外徑，t0為該管胚之一管胚厚度； 根據該D0對t0之關係，選擇一目標管胚尺寸； 根據該目標管胚尺寸，選擇一目標鋼材尺寸，將該鋼材卷製成型，然後高頻焊接成該目標管胚。 In order to reduce the number of pipe drawing, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a method for manufacturing a hollow stabilizer rod, and the preparation of a tube blank includes: Selecting a steel material and a target tensile strength of the steel material; Using a tensile test to obtain a tensile relationship between the cross-sectional area reduction rate and the tensile strength of the steel material, and a tensile strength a before pipe drawing; Based on the tensile relationship, a curve fitting is performed based on lnY=lna+n*lnX, where Y is a tensile strength of the steel material, and X is an elongation coefficient corresponding to the cross-sectional area reduction rate of the steel material, to obtain a characteristic parameter n of the steel material; Based on the target tensile strength, the tensile strength a before pipe drawing, and the characteristic parameter n, a target elongation coefficient of the steel material is obtained; According to the target elongation coefficient, a cross-sectional area target reduction rate RA is obtained; According to a tube blank thickness relationship t*(D-t)=(1-RA)* t0*(D0-t0), a relationship between D0 and t0 is obtained, wherein D is a target outer diameter of the tube blank after the steel is made into a tube blank and then drawn, t is a target wall thickness of the tube blank after drawing, D0 is a tube blank outer diameter of the tube blank, and t0 is a tube blank thickness of the tube blank; According to the relationship between D0 and t0, a target tube blank size is selected; According to the target tube blank size, a target steel size is selected, the steel is rolled into shape, and then high-frequency welded into the target tube blank.
參考圖1，一種製造汽車空心穩定桿的方法，關於管胚的製備，於一實施例包括：步驟10，選擇鋼材，感應熱處理後進行拉伸試驗；步驟11，得到該鋼材的截面積縮減率-抗拉強度的拉伸關係，和抽管前的抗拉強度；步驟12，以統御方程式為基礎，透過曲線擬合得到該鋼材的特徵參數；步驟13，得到該鋼材的目標延伸係數；步驟14，得到該鋼材截面積之目標縮減率；步驟15，得到D0對t0之關係，D0為該管胚之管胚外徑，t0為該管胚之管胚厚度；步驟16，選擇目標管胚尺寸；步驟17，選擇鋼材尺寸；步驟18，高頻焊接成該目標管胚。Referring to FIG. 1, a method for manufacturing a hollow stabilizer rod for automobiles, regarding the preparation of a tube blank, in one embodiment includes: step 10, selecting steel, and conducting a tensile test after induction heat treatment; step 11, obtaining the tensile relationship between the cross-sectional area reduction rate and the tensile strength of the steel, and the tensile strength before drawing the tube; step 12, based on the governing equation, obtaining the steel's characteristic parameters; step 13, obtaining the target elongation coefficient of the steel; step 14, obtaining the target reduction rate of the cross-sectional area of the steel; step 15, obtaining the relationship between D0 and t0, D0 is the outer diameter of the tube embryo, and t0 is the thickness of the tube embryo; step 16, selecting the target tube embryo size; step 17, selecting the steel size; step 18, high frequency welding into the target tube embryo.
步驟10，選擇錳硼鋼做為汽車用空心穩定桿的鋼材及該鋼材的目標抗拉強度，於一實施例，以質量百分比而言，鋼材包括：碳C:0.20~0.40%、矽Si:0.15~0.40%、錳Mn:1.1~1.5%、鋁Al:0.01~0.06%、鉻Cr:0.05~0.3%、鈦Ti:0.01~0.06%、硼B:0.001~0.005%、限制磷P在0.02%以下、限制硫S在0.01%以下、限制氮N在0.01%以下，其餘由鐵Fe和不可避免的雜質構成。Step 10, selecting manganese boron steel as the steel material for the hollow stabilizer rod for automobiles and the target tensile strength of the steel material. In one embodiment, in terms of mass percentage, the steel material includes: carbon C: 0.20-0.40%, silicon Si: 0.15-0.40%, manganese Mn: 1.1-1.5%, aluminum Al: 0.01-0.06%, chromium Cr: 0.05-0.3%, titanium Ti: 0.01-0.06%, boron B: 0.001-0.005%, phosphorus P is limited to less than 0.02%, sulfur S is limited to less than 0.01%, nitrogen N is limited to less than 0.01%, and the rest is iron Fe and inevitable impurities.
於一實施例，將上述鋼材卷製高頻焊接成管，即為管胚。參考圖6，管胚包括母材1和焊道2。參考圖7，對管胚進行兩種不同溫度區間的感應熱處理，分別為700~830度C及830~960度C，然後進行拉伸試驗。由圖7管胚感應熱處理前後機械性能比較表可見，兩種不同溫度區間的感應熱處理，都可以讓焊道2及母材1的機械性質，例如抗拉強度、降伏強度、延伸率，都趨於一致。其中，焊道2在感應熱處理後，延伸率大幅的提升，延展性能大有改善。於一實施例，管胚經過感應熱處理之後，以拉伸試驗得到抽管前的抗拉強度a。In one embodiment, the above steel is rolled and high-frequency welded into a tube, namely a tube blank. Referring to FIG6, the tube blank includes a base material 1 and a weld 2. Referring to FIG7, the tube blank is subjected to induction heat treatment in two different temperature ranges, 700-830 degrees C and 830-960 degrees C, respectively, and then a tensile test is performed. As can be seen from the mechanical properties comparison table of the tube blank before and after induction heat treatment in FIG7, the induction heat treatment in two different temperature ranges can make the mechanical properties of the weld 2 and the base material 1, such as tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation, tend to be consistent. Among them, the elongation of the weld 2 is greatly improved after the induction heat treatment, and the ductility is greatly improved. In one embodiment, after the tube blank is subjected to induction heat treatment, a tensile strength a before pipe drawing is obtained by a tensile test.
步驟11及12，於一實施例，感應熱處理後的管胚，針對不同的截面積縮減率，分別進行拉伸試驗，可以得到截面積縮減率和抗拉強度之間的拉伸關係，其關係圖參考圖2。RA1、RA2、RA3、RA4、RA5，分別代表由小到大的截面積縮減率。圖2中，實線為管胚中母材的數據，虛線為焊道的數據。於一實施例，當縮減率為0時，Y軸的截距即為鋼材抽管前的抗拉強度a。In steps 11 and 12, in one embodiment, the tube embryo after induction heat treatment is subjected to tensile tests for different cross-sectional area reduction rates, and the tensile relationship between the cross-sectional area reduction rate and the tensile strength can be obtained. The relationship diagram is shown in Figure 2. RA1, RA2, RA3, RA4, and RA5 represent the cross-sectional area reduction rates from small to large, respectively. In Figure 2, the solid line is the data of the parent material in the tube embryo, and the dotted line is the data of the weld. In one embodiment, when the reduction rate is 0, the intercept of the Y axis is the tensile strength a of the steel before the tube is drawn.
利用統御方程式Y=a*X n，Y為抗拉強度，X為管胚的延伸係數，定義X=1／(1-RA)，RA為截面積縮減率，可以得到lnY=lna+n*lnX，n為管胚的特徵參數。針對不同的縮減率，其抗拉強度和延伸係數分別取對數，得到圖3的實驗數據(實線)，再對於實驗數據進行曲線擬合(curve fitting)。擬合後的直線(虛線)，其斜率即為管胚的特徵參數n。 Using the governing equation Y=a* Xn , Y is the tensile strength, X is the elongation coefficient of the tube, and X=1/(1-RA), RA is the cross-sectional area reduction rate, we can get lnY=lna+n*lnX, and n is the characteristic parameter of the tube. For different reduction rates, the tensile strength and elongation coefficient are logarithmically calculated to obtain the experimental data (solid line) in Figure 3, and then curve fitting is performed on the experimental data. The slope of the fitted straight line (dashed line) is the characteristic parameter n of the tube.
步驟13，利用lnY=lna+n*lnX，依據曲線擬合求得的管胚抽管前的抗拉強度a和管胚的特徵參數n，還有目標抗拉強度，可以求得目標延伸係數。Step 13, using lnY=lna+n*lnX, according to the tensile strength a of the tube embryo before tube drawing and the characteristic parameter n of the tube embryo obtained by curve fitting, as well as the target tensile strength, the target elongation coefficient can be obtained.
步驟14，利用管胚的延伸係數X=1／(1-RA)，可以得到管胚的目標截面積縮減率。Step 14, using the tube embryo extension coefficient X = 1 / (1-RA), the target cross-sectional area reduction rate of the tube embryo can be obtained.
步驟15，根據管胚厚度關係式t*(D-t)=(1-RA)* t0*(D0-t0)，得到D0對t0之關係，其中D為將該鋼材製成一管胚後，再經過抽管之一目標外徑，t為該管胚抽管後之一目標壁厚，D0為該管胚之一管胚外徑，t0為該管胚之一管胚厚度。於一實施，選定鋼材及鋼材抽管後的目標抗拉強度，透過上述流程依序可以得到鋼材抽管前的抗拉強度a、鋼材的特徵參數n、目標延伸係數、目標截面積縮減率，然後將目標截面積縮減率帶入此關係式中的RA，再搭配目標外徑D、目標壁厚t，就可以得到D0對t0的關係。Step 15, according to the tube embryo thickness relationship t*(D-t)=(1-RA)* t0*(D0-t0), the relationship between D0 and t0 is obtained, wherein D is a target outer diameter of the tube embryo after the steel is made into a tube embryo and then drawn, t is a target wall thickness of the tube embryo after drawing, D0 is a tube embryo outer diameter of the tube embryo, and t0 is a tube embryo thickness of the tube embryo. In one implementation, the target tensile strength of the steel and the steel after tube drawing is selected. Through the above process, the tensile strength a of the steel before tube drawing, the characteristic parameter n of the steel, the target elongation coefficient, and the target cross-sectional area reduction rate can be obtained in sequence. Then, the target cross-sectional area reduction rate is substituted into RA in this relationship, and then combined with the target outer diameter D and the target wall thickness t, the relationship between D0 and t0 can be obtained.
步驟16，根據D0對t0的關係，選擇管胚的目標尺寸及對應的目標鋼材尺寸。可能為選定t0，再根據對應的D0製作一模具；亦或是選定D0，再根據對應的t0選擇該管胚的鋼材厚度 。如此，可由鋼帶厚度，推導出高頻焊管的管徑，選擇適當的製管模具。也可由現有的製管模具對應的管徑，採購適當的鋼帶厚度。於一實施例，由既有的制管模具，向鋼廠下訂需要的鋼捲板厚，或者是由既有鋼捲的板厚，決定管胚的管徑，再開發制管的模具。 Step 16, according to the relationship between D0 and t0, select the target size of the tube blank and the corresponding target steel size. It is possible to select t0 and then make a mold according to the corresponding D0; or select D0 and then select the steel thickness of the tube blank according to the corresponding t0 . In this way, the diameter of the high-frequency welded pipe can be derived from the thickness of the steel strip, and the appropriate tube-making mold can be selected. It is also possible to purchase the appropriate steel strip thickness according to the corresponding tube diameter of the existing tube-making mold. In one embodiment, the required steel coil plate thickness is ordered from the steel plant by the existing tube-making mold, or the tube diameter of the tube blank is determined by the plate thickness of the existing steel coil, and then the tube-making mold is developed.
步驟17，將符合目標鋼材尺寸的鋼材卷製成型，然後高頻焊接成目標管胚。如此，管胚尺寸可藉由成品需求尺寸和機械性能逆推獲得。Step 17, rolling the steel that meets the target steel size, and then high-frequency welding into the target tube. In this way, the tube size can be reversed by the required size and mechanical properties of the finished product.
參考圖4，一種製造汽車空心穩定桿的方法，於一實施例包括：步驟200，製管；步驟201，第一感應熱處理；步驟202，打頭；步驟203，浸油潤滑；步驟204，抽管；步驟205，裁切；步驟206，第二感應熱處理；步驟207，矯直；步驟208，探傷；步驟209，短管；步驟210，防鏽。Referring to FIG. 4 , a method for manufacturing a hollow stabilizer rod for automobiles includes, in one embodiment: step 200, pipe making; step 201, first induction heat treatment; step 202, heading; step 203, oil immersion and lubrication; step 204, pipe drawing; step 205, cutting; step 206, second induction heat treatment; step 207, straightening; step 208, flaw detection; step 209, short pipe; step 210, rust prevention.
步驟200，鋼材卷製成型之後，參考圖5，管胚30左側為經過感應圈34高頻感應加熱後的開口管，因受到集膚效應和鄰近效應，熱量集中於開口端兩側，通過右側輥模31、32、33的擠壓，使材料熔融結合，再分別通過內刮和外刮裝置，刮除擠壓後產生的焊瘤，使得鋼管焊縫處的內、外表面光滑平順，壁厚均勻。完成內、外刮的焊管通過定徑段的輥模滾軋，控制外徑尺寸和直度。定徑成形後的高頻焊管通過線上偵測裝置，檢查焊縫品質，確保無開裂或融合不足現象。最後藉由飛鋸切出下料長度，運送至落料台堆疊裝捆，待轉後續熱處理。Step 200, after the steel material is rolled and formed, refer to FIG5, the left side of the tube blank 30 is an open tube after high-frequency induction heating by the induction coil 34. Due to the skin effect and the proximity effect, the heat is concentrated on both sides of the open end. Through the extrusion of the right side roller dies 31, 32, 33, the material is melted and combined, and then the weld nodules generated after extrusion are scraped off by the inner scraping and outer scraping devices respectively, so that the inner and outer surfaces of the steel pipe weld are smooth and even, and the wall thickness is uniform. The welded pipe that has completed the inner and outer scraping is rolled through the roller die of the calibrating section to control the outer diameter and straightness. After sizing, the high-frequency welded pipe passes through an online detection device to check the weld quality to ensure there is no cracking or insufficient fusion. Finally, the flying saw is used to cut the blanking length and transport it to the blanking table for stacking and bundling before subsequent heat treatment.
步驟201，第一感應熱處理來進行管胚退火，採用感應加熱方式，感應線圈圈數1~3圈，加熱頻率3~30kHz，將鋼管加熱至700~960度C的熱處理溫度，使鋼管以固定速率通過線圈，自然空冷。管胚焊縫經退火後的不存在麻田散鐵組織，組織為肥粒鐵和波來鐵，機械性質均勻。熱處理後具有如下的機械性能:抗拉500~650MPa、降伏強度350~500MPa、延伸率25%以上，以及如下的組織特性: 晶粒度優於8級、表面脫碳層在40um以下、表面氧化層在10um以下。於一實施例，將鋼管加熱至兩種相異溫度，一為700~830度C、另一為830~960度C。由試驗結果可知，鋼管經過上述之兩組參數的熱處理後，焊縫處的機械性能均接近母材，兩組參數都可達到焊縫優化目的。Step 201, the first induction heat treatment is used to anneal the tube embryo, using an induction heating method, 1 to 3 turns of the induction coil, and a heating frequency of 3 to 30kHz. The steel pipe is heated to a heat treatment temperature of 700 to 960 degrees C, and the steel pipe passes through the coil at a fixed rate and is naturally air-cooled. After annealing, the tube embryo weld does not have a Matan scattered iron structure, and the structure is granular iron and wave iron, and the mechanical properties are uniform. After heat treatment, it has the following mechanical properties: tensile strength 500 to 650MPa, yield strength 350 to 500MPa, elongation more than 25%, and the following organizational characteristics: grain size is better than 8, surface decarburization layer is less than 40um, and surface oxidation layer is less than 10um. In one embodiment, the steel pipe is heated to two different temperatures, one is 700-830 degrees C, and the other is 830-960 degrees C. From the test results, it can be seen that after the steel pipe is heat treated with the above two sets of parameters, the mechanical properties of the weld are close to those of the base material, and both sets of parameters can achieve the purpose of weld optimization.
步驟202，對鋼管頭部進行縮徑，使得縮徑後的鋼管頭部能夠進入拉拔模具中，方便抽管時夾持，為拉拔做準備。Step 202, the diameter of the steel pipe head is reduced so that the reduced diameter steel pipe head can enter the drawing die, which is convenient for clamping when drawing the pipe and preparing for drawing.
步驟203，因採感應熱處理，加熱時間極短，無表面過燒的氧化層，抽管前直接浸入拉拔油來潤滑，不做磷化和皂化處理，直接以油抽方式進行抽管。Step 203, because of the induction heat treatment, the heating time is extremely short, there is no over-burned oxide layer on the surface, and the tube is directly immersed in drawing oil for lubrication before drawing. No phosphating and saponification treatment is performed, and the tube is directly drawn by oil drawing.
步驟204，抽管工藝，係將管胚退火後完成打頭和潤滑的鋼管，放置於臥式抽管設備上，抽管前的鋼管長度介於4~7米，單次拉拔1~3根。採用一次抽管，減縮率在25~35%，抽管速度10~25m/min，抽管後鋼管長度介於6~10米。抽管後的直管符合如下的尺寸精度:外徑公差+/-0.10mm以內、壁厚公差+/-0.10mm以內、圓度外徑公差0.08mm以內、表面粗糙度Ra3.2以內，以及如下的機械性能: 抗拉強度800~900MPa、降伏強度500~780MPa、延伸率8%以上。抽管後的直管，經壓扁測試，壓扁至原管徑的86%才出現開裂；經擴口測試，相對原管徑擴口增加38%才出現開裂。Step 204, the tube drawing process, is to place the steel tube that has been headed and lubricated after annealing the tube embryo on the horizontal tube drawing equipment. The length of the steel tube before tube drawing is between 4 and 7 meters, and 1 to 3 tubes are drawn at a time. One-time tube drawing is adopted, the reduction rate is 25 to 35%, the tube drawing speed is 10 to 25 m/min, and the length of the steel tube after tube drawing is between 6 and 10 meters. The straight tube after tube drawing meets the following dimensional accuracy: outer diameter tolerance within +/-0.10mm, wall thickness tolerance within +/-0.10mm, roundness outer diameter tolerance within 0.08mm, surface roughness within Ra3.2, and the following mechanical properties: tensile strength 800 to 900MPa, yield strength 500 to 780MPa, elongation above 8%. After the straight pipe was extracted, the flattening test showed that cracking occurred only when it was flattened to 86% of the original pipe diameter; after the expansion test, cracking occurred only when the expansion increased by 38% relative to the original pipe diameter.
步驟205，裁切為去除打頭端的長度。Step 205, cutting to a length that removes the leading end.
步驟206，第二感應熱處理進行精抽管退火。採用感應加熱方式處理精抽後符合尺寸的直管，加熱頻率3~30kHz，以500~750度C的熱處理溫度，進行退火，使退火後直管具有如下的機械性能:抗拉550~750MPa、降伏強度350~500MPa、延伸率15%以上，以及如下的組織特性: 晶粒度優於8級、表面脫碳層在40um以下、表面氧化層在10um以下，以及如下的尺寸精度:外徑公差+/-0.10mm以內、壁厚公差+/-0.10mm以內、圓度外徑公差0.08mm以內、直度1mm/1m以內、表面粗糙度Ra3.2以內。經熱處理後的直管，經壓扁測試，壓扁達原管徑的50%才發生開裂；經擴口測試，擴口率達32%尚未出現開裂，滿足允收規格28%。Step 206, the second induction heat treatment is used for annealing of the precision-drawn tube. The straight tube that meets the size after precision drawing is treated by induction heating, with a heating frequency of 3-30kHz and a heat treatment temperature of 500-750 degrees C for annealing, so that the straight tube after annealing has the following mechanical properties: tensile strength of 550-750MPa, yield strength of 350-500MPa, elongation of more than 15%, and the following structural characteristics: grain size better than grade 8, surface decarburized layer less than 40um, surface oxide layer less than 10um, and the following dimensional accuracy: outer diameter tolerance within +/-0.10mm, wall thickness tolerance within +/-0.10mm, roundness outer diameter tolerance within 0.08mm, straightness within 1mm/1m, surface roughness within Ra3.2. After the straight pipes were heat treated, the flattening test showed that cracking did not occur until the flattening reached 50% of the original pipe diameter; after the expansion test, the expansion rate reached 32% without cracking, meeting the acceptance specification of 28%.
步驟207，於一實施例，使用多個輥模來進行矯直。In step 207, in one embodiment, a plurality of rollers are used for straightening.
步驟208，於一實施例，使用渦流與超聲波來對鋼管內外表面進行無損探傷。In step 208, in one embodiment, eddy current and ultrasound are used to perform non-destructive inspection on the inner and outer surfaces of the steel pipe.
步驟209，將鋼管裁切到最終指定交貨長度。Step 209, cutting the steel pipe to the final designated delivery length.
步驟210，進行防鏽處理。Step 210, perform rust-proofing treatment.
10:選擇鋼材進行拉伸試驗 11:得到該鋼材的截面積縮減率-抗拉強度的拉伸關係，和抽管前的抗拉強度 12:以統御方程式為基礎，透過曲線擬合得到該鋼材的特徵參數 13:得到該鋼材的目標延伸係數 14:得到該鋼材截面積之目標縮減率 15:得到D0對t0之關係，D0為該管胚之管胚外徑，t0為該管胚之管胚厚度 16:選擇目標管胚尺寸 17:選擇鋼材尺寸 18:高頻焊接成該目標管胚 30:管胚 31:輥模 32:輥模 33:輥模 34:感應線圈 200:製管 201:第一感應熱處理 202:打頭 203:浸油潤滑 204:抽管 205:裁切 206:第二感應熱處理 207:矯直 208:探傷 209:短管 210:防鏽 10: Select steel for tensile test 11: Obtain the tensile relationship between the cross-sectional area reduction rate and tensile strength of the steel, and the tensile strength before tube drawing 12: Based on the governing equation, obtain the characteristic parameters of the steel through curve fitting 13: Obtain the target elongation coefficient of the steel 14: Obtain the target reduction rate of the cross-sectional area of the steel 15: Obtain the relationship between D0 and t0, D0 is the outer diameter of the tube embryo, and t0 is the thickness of the tube embryo 16: Select the target tube embryo size 17: Select the steel size 18: High frequency welding into the target tube embryo 30: Tube embryo 31: Roller die 32: Roller die 33: Roller die 34: Induction coil 200: Pipe making 201: First induction heat treatment 202: Heading 203: Oil immersion and lubrication 204: Pipe extraction 205: Cutting 206: Second induction heat treatment 207: Straightening 208: Flaw detection 209: Short tube 210: Rust protection
圖1為本發明之一實施例，汽車穩定桿製造方法之一流程圖。 圖2為本發明之一實施例，截面積縮減率-抗拉強度之關係圖。 圖3為本發明之一實施例，利用曲線擬合求得鋼材特徵參數之示意圖。 圖4為本發明之一實施例，汽車穩定桿製造方法之一流程圖。 圖5為本發明之一實施例，高頻焊接裝置之示意圖。 圖6為本發明之一實施例，管胚之示意圖。 圖7為本發明之一實施例，管胚感應熱處理前後機械性能比較表。 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a stabilizer rod for automobiles according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the cross-sectional area reduction rate and the tensile strength according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing how to obtain characteristic parameters of steel materials by curve fitting according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a stabilizer rod for automobiles according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a high-frequency welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a tube blank according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a comparison table of mechanical properties of the tube blank before and after induction heat treatment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
10:選擇鋼材，感應熱處理後進行拉伸試驗 10: Select steel and conduct tensile test after induction heat treatment
11:得到該鋼材的截面積縮減率-抗拉強度的拉伸關係，和抽管前的抗拉強度 11: Obtain the tensile relationship between the cross-sectional area reduction rate and the tensile strength of the steel, and the tensile strength before pipe drawing
12:以統御方程式為基礎，透過曲線擬合得到該鋼材的特徵參數 12: Based on the governing equation, the characteristic parameters of the steel are obtained through curve fitting
13:得到該鋼材的目標延伸係數 13: Obtain the target elongation coefficient of the steel
14:得到該鋼材截面積之目標縮減率 14: Obtain the target reduction rate of the steel cross-sectional area
15:得到D0對t0之關係，D0為該管胚之管胚外徑，t0為該管胚之管胚厚度 15: Get the relationship between D0 and t0, D0 is the outer diameter of the tube embryo, t0 is the thickness of the tube embryo
16:選擇目標管胚尺寸 16: Select the target embryo size
17:選擇鋼材尺寸 17: Choose steel size
18:高頻焊接成該目標管胚 18: High frequency welding into the target tube embryo
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