TW202348240A - Methods and compositions for reducing odors associated with gas produced by an individual - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided herein are methods and compositions for reducing odors associated with gas produced by an individual. The compositions include a human milk oligosaccharide, a probiotic blend of Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus, or both a human milk oligosaccharide and a probiotic blend of Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus.

Description

Methods and compositions for reducing odors associated with individual gas production

The present disclosure relates generally to methods and compositions for reducing odors associated with gas produced by individuals. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a composition including human milk oligosaccharides, a probiotic blend, or both, which can be used to reduce odor associated with gas produced by an individual.

Gas production in the human digestive system is a normal part of the digestive process. The stomach and small intestine cannot fully digest all carbohydrates (such as fiber, certain starches, certain sugars) in the food an individual eats. Undigested or incompletely digested carbohydrates pass into the large intestine, which contains bacteria that break down or ferment the undigested or incompletely digested carbohydrates. When bacteria break down or ferment undigested or incompletely digested carbohydrates, gas is produced as a by-product. Bacteria may consume some of this gas, but the remaining gas is eventually expelled from the body.

The gas expelled from the body may have a foul odor. The unpleasant odor of gases is usually caused by one or more malodorous gases, such as hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S). Eating and digesting sulfur-containing foods (such as eggs, meat and cruciferous vegetables) may produce foul-smelling gases. Additionally, foul-smelling gas can be caused by food intolerances, high-fiber foods, certain medications, or constipation.

While reducing the consumption of foods that produce malodorous gases is one way to reduce gas-related odors, such methods may not be practical or completely effective. Accordingly, there remains an unmet need for compositions and methods that reduce odors associated with gas produced by individuals.

Disclosed herein are compositions useful for reducing odor associated with gas produced by an individual. Such compositions include human milk oligosaccharides, probiotic blends, or both human milk oligosaccharides and probiotic blends.

In accordance with the present disclosure, a method of reducing odor associated with individual gas production is provided. The method includes administering to the subject a composition comprising a probiotic blend comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus. Administration of the composition reduces the amount of odor-causing components in the gas produced by the subject.

The present disclosure also provides a composition for reducing odor associated with gas produced by an individual, the composition comprising a probiotic blend comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus.

The present disclosure also provides the use of a probiotic blend for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing odor associated with gas produced by an individual, wherein the probiotic blend includes Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophila cocci.

According to the present disclosure, a method of reducing odor associated with individual gas production is provided. The method includes administering to the individual a composition comprising human milk oligosaccharides. Administration of the composition reduces the amount of odor-causing components in the gas produced by the subject.

The present disclosure also provides a composition for reducing odor associated with gas produced by an individual, the composition comprising human milk oligosaccharides.

The present disclosure also provides the use of human milk oligosaccharides in the manufacture of medicaments for reducing odor associated with gas production in individuals.

In accordance with the present disclosure, a method of reducing odor associated with individual gas production is provided. The method includes administering to the subject a nutritional composition comprising: a) a mixture of human milk oligosaccharides comprising neutral human milk oligosaccharides and acidic human milk oligosaccharides; and b) comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis Probiotic blend of Bacillus and Streptococcus thermophilus. The gas produced by the individual after administration of the nutritional composition has a reduced amount of the odor-causing component compared to the gas produced by the individual after administration of an otherwise identical nutritional composition excluding: i) Containing a mixture of human milk oligosaccharides that are acidic human milk oligosaccharides and acidic human milk oligosaccharides; and ii) a probiotic blend comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus.

The present disclosure also provides a nutritional composition for reducing odor associated with gas produced by an individual, the nutritional composition comprising: a) a human milk oligosaccharide comprising neutral human milk oligosaccharide and acidic human milk oligosaccharide mixture; and b) a probiotic blend comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus.

The present disclosure also provides the use of a mixture of human milk oligosaccharides and a probiotic blend for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing odor associated with gas produced by an individual, wherein the mixture of human milk oligosaccharides includes neutral human milk oligosaccharides and acidic human milk oligosaccharides, and the probiotic blend includes Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus.

Disclosed herein are compositions useful for reducing odor associated with gas produced by an individual. Although this disclosure describes certain embodiments of compositions and related methods in detail, this disclosure is considered to be exemplary and is not intended to be limited to the disclosed embodiments. Furthermore, certain elements or features of the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to particular embodiments, but are applicable to all embodiments of the disclosure.

The compositions and methods disclosed herein utilize human milk oligosaccharides, probiotic blends comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus, or human milk oligosaccharides with Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bacillus and Streptococcus thermophilus probiotic blends to reduce the odor associated with gas production in individuals. These and other features of the compositions and methods are described in detail below, as well as some of the many optional variations and additions.

Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the compositions of the present disclosure increase the efficiency of nutrient extraction from an individual's gastrointestinal environment, allowing components that would otherwise be decomposed or fermented by large intestinal microbiota to produce malodorous gases to be more efficiently decomposed or fermented by the microflora. Fermentation, thereby producing less malodorous gases or no malodorous gases at all. In this regard, compositions of the present disclosure can be administered to an individual to reduce odor associated with gas produced by the individual. definition

Unless otherwise stated, the terms "fat" and "oil" are used herein interchangeably and refer to lipid materials derived or processed from plants or animals. These terms also include synthetic lipid materials as long as such synthetic materials are suitable for oral administration by humans.

Unless otherwise stated, the term "human milk oligosaccharides" or "HMOs" as used herein generally refers to a variety of complex carbohydrates found in human milk that may be in acidic or neutral forms and, in some cases, refers to its precursor. Exemplary non-limiting human milk oligosaccharides include neutral oligosaccharides (which include fucosylated oligosaccharides and N-acetylated oligosaccharides (e.g., neutral non-fucosylated)) and acidic oligosaccharides (which including sialylated oligosaccharides). Specific non-limiting examples include: 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL), 6 '-sialyllactose (6'-SL), lactose-N-tetraose (LNT) and lactose-N-neotetraose (LNnT). Unless otherwise stated, the term "HMO blend" refers to a combination of neutral and acidic HMOs, which may include 2'-FL, 3-FL, 3'-SL, 6'-SL, LNT, and LNnT. At least both.

As used herein, the terms "nutritional formulation" or "nutritional composition" are used interchangeably and, unless otherwise stated, refer to synthetic formulations, including nutritional liquids, nutritional powders, nutritional solids, nutritional semi-solids, and nutritional semi-liquids , nutritional supplements and any other nutritious food known in the art. Nutritional powders can be reconstituted to form nutrient solutions. All nutritional powders contain one or more of fat, protein and carbohydrates, and are suitable for oral administration by humans. The term "nutritional formulation" or "nutritional composition" does not encompass human milk and does not refer to supplementary milk, whether of human or other origin.

Unless otherwise stated, the term "shelf stable" as used herein means a nutritional composition that is packaged and subsequently stored at 18-24°C for at least 3 months, including about 3 months to about 36 months, including about 3 months to approximately 24 months, and also includes approximately 3 months to approximately 18 months to maintain commercial stability.

Unless otherwise stated, the term "nutritional liquid" as used herein refers to nutritional compositions in ready-to-drink liquid form, concentrated form, and nutritional liquids prepared by reconstituting nutritional powders described herein prior to use.

Unless otherwise stated, the term "nutritional powder" as used herein refers to a nutritional composition in a flowable or scoopable form that can be reconstituted with water or another aqueous liquid prior to consumption, and includes spray drying and dry blending/ Dry blend powder.

Unless otherwise stated, the term "nutritional semi-solid" as used herein refers to nutritional compositions that are intermediate between solids and liquids in terms of properties such as rigidity. Some examples of semisolids include pudding, gelatin, and dough.

Unless otherwise stated, the term "nutritional semi-liquid" as used herein refers to nutritional compositions that are intermediate between solids and liquids in properties such as flowability. Some semi-liquid examples include thick shakes and liquid gels.

As used herein, the term "individual" generally refers to an adult. The term "adult" as used herein refers to persons aged 15 years and above.

Unless otherwise stated, as used herein, all expressions such as "microgram/liter", "mg/liter", "mg/L", "g/L", "mcg/L", "mg/mL", etc. Concentrations refer to the concentrations of ingredients in the described compositions calculated based on consumption (for example, in the case of nutritional powders after reconstitution for consumption).

The term "reconstitute" or various other forms such as "reconstituted" or "reconstituting" refers to the addition of an appropriate amount of liquid (usually water) to a composition other than a ready-to-drink liquid form. , such as nutritional powders or nutritional liquids in concentrated form, thereby rendering the composition ready-to-drink for its general behavior.

The terminology set forth herein is used for describing embodiments only and should not be construed as limiting the entire disclosure. Unless stated otherwise or expressly implied to the contrary by the context in which the reference is made, all references to singular features or limitations in this disclosure shall include the corresponding plural features or limitations, and vice versa. Unless otherwise stated, "a/an", "the" and "at least one" are used interchangeably. Furthermore, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a/an" and "the" include their plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

To the extent that the term "includes" or "including" is used in the specification or the scope of the patent application, when the term is interpreted as a transitional word in a technical solution, it is intended to be interpreted similarly to the term " Included by "include". Furthermore, to the extent that the term "or" is used (eg, A or B), it is intended to mean "A or B or both." The term "only A or B but not both" will be used when the applicant intends to indicate "only A or B but not both". Therefore, the term "or" is used here in an inclusive and not exclusive manner. Furthermore, when the phrase "one or more of A and B" is used, it is intended to mean "only A, only B, or both A and B." Similarly, when the phrase "at least one of A, B and C" or "at least one of A, B, C and combinations thereof" is used, it is intended to mean "only A, only B, only C" , or any combination of A, B and C" (for example, A and B; B and C; A and C; A, B and C).

The compositions and methods of the present disclosure may include the essential elements of the compositions and methods described herein as well as any additional or optional elements or features described herein or otherwise useful for nutritional composition applications, from which or consist essentially of.

The compositions of the present disclosure may be substantially free of any optional or selected ingredients or features described herein, provided that the remaining composition or formulation still contains all necessary ingredients or features described herein. In this context, and unless otherwise stated, the term "substantially free" means that the optional or selected ingredient is present in less than the functional amount, typically less than 0.1% by weight, and also includes zero weight percent. Such ingredients are chosen or selected as the case may be.

Unless otherwise stated, all percentages, parts and ratios used herein are by weight of the total composition. All such weights as they relate to the listed ingredients are based on the active agent level and, therefore, do not include solvents, by-products, or other ingredients that may be included in commercially available materials, unless otherwise stated.

As used herein, ranges are intended to include every number and subset of numbers within that range, whether specifically disclosed or not. Furthermore, these numerical ranges should be interpreted as providing support for technical solutions to any number or subset of numbers within that range. For example, a disclosure of 1 to 10 should be interpreted as supporting ranges of 2 to 8, 3 to 7, 5 to 6, 1 to 9, 3.6 to 4.6, 3.5 to 9.9, etc.

Any combination of method or process steps used herein may be performed in any order unless stated otherwise or expressly implied to the contrary in the context in which a referenced combination is made.

The term "approximately" as used herein means approximately, about, roughly or roughly. When the term "about" is used in conjunction with a numerical range, it modifies the range by extending the boundaries above and below the stated numerical value. Generally, the term "about" is used herein to modify a numerical value 10% above and below the stated value. composition form

The compositions of the present disclosure may be formulated and administered in any known or other suitable oral product form. Any solid, semi-solid, liquid, semi-liquid or powder product form, including combinations or variations thereof, is applicable herein, provided that such form permits safe and effective oral delivery of the essential ingredients to an individual and is as defined herein Any optional ingredients as appropriate. In some aspects, the composition is formulated into a powder that can be added to a liquid for consumption or can be added to a food for consumption.

Compositions of the present disclosure include HMOs, probiotic blends containing Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus, or HMOs and probiotics containing Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus. A combination of probiotic blends. In some aspects, the compositions of the present disclosure are formulated into nutritional compositions. The nutritional composition can be formulated with nutrients of sufficient type and quantity to provide the sole, main or supplementary source of nutrients.

The compositions may be in the form of any product containing ingredients described herein that is safe and effective for oral administration. The compositions may be formulated to include only the ingredients described herein, or may be modified with optional ingredients to create a variety of different product forms.

Nutritional compositions according to the present disclosure are ideally formulated in the form of dietary products, which are defined herein as those embodiments that include ingredients according to the present disclosure in a product form that contains protein, fat, or carbohydrate At least one of them, and preferably also contains vitamins, minerals or a combination thereof. The nutritional composition will comprise an HMO, a probiotic blend comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus, or an HMO and a probiotic comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus The blends are both, ideally combined with at least one of protein, fat, vitamins or minerals, to create a nutritional composition. Nutrient solution

Liquid nutritional compositions include concentrated and ready-to-eat nutritional solutions. These nutritional solutions are most typically formulated as suspensions or emulsions, although other liquid forms are within the general inventive concept. Suitable nutritional compositions in the form of emulsions may be aqueous emulsions containing proteins, fats and carbohydrates. These emulsions are typically flowable or drinkable liquids at about 1°C to about 25°C, and are usually in the form of oil-in-water, water-in-oil, or complex water emulsions, although such emulsions are most commonly in the form of a continuous aqueous phase. and in the form of oil-in-water emulsions with a discontinuous oil phase.

Nutrient solutions can be, and usually are, shelf stable. Nutritional emulsions typically contain up to about 95% by weight of water, including about 50% to about 95%, including about 60% to about 90%, and also including about 70% to about 85% water, by weight of the nutritional emulsion. Nutritional emulsions can have a variety of product densities, but most typically have a density greater than about 1.03 g/mL, including greater than about 1.04 g/mL, including greater than about 1.055 g/mL, including about 1.06 g/mL to about 1.12 g/mL, and also includes about 1.085 g/mL to about 1.10 g/mL.

In some aspects, the nutrient solution of the present disclosure includes HMO. In some aspects, the nutrient solution of the present disclosure includes a probiotic blend including Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus. In some aspects, the nutrient solution of the present disclosure includes an HMO mixture including neutral HMO and acidic HMO, and is accompanied by a probiotic blend including Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus in powder form. compound. The probiotic mixture is added to and/or mixed with the nutrient solution prior to consumption. The probiotic mixture may be provided with the nutrient solution in one or more single-serve packages (eg, stick packages). In other words, the nutritional solution of the present disclosure may include a kit containing a liquid nutritional composition that includes HMO (such as neutral HMO, acidic HMO, or both) and Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium lactis, and One or more single-serve packages of a probiotic mixture of Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus thermophilus.

The liquid nutritional composition may have a caloric density suitable for the nutritional needs of the end user. In some forms, the nutrient solution formulated for adults may have a caloric density of about 22 kcal/fl oz (approximately 743 kcal/liter) to about 44 kcal/fl oz (approximately 1,500 kcal/liter), including about 23 kcal /fl oz (approximately 775 kcal/liter) to approximately 36 kcal/fl oz (approximately 1,220 kcal/liter), and also includes approximately 26 kcal/fl oz (approximately 880 kcal/liter) to approximately 32.5 kcal/fl oz (approximately 1,100 kcal/liter). In some other aspects, the nutrient solution may have a caloric density of 25 kcal/liter, or 50 kcal/liter, or 75 kcal/liter, or 100 kcal/liter.

The pH of the nutritional liquid composition may range from about 2.5 to about 8, but most advantageously ranges from about 4.5 to about 7.5, including about 5.5 to about 7.3, including about 6.2 to about 7.2.

Although the serving size of the nutrient solution can vary based on many variables, a typical serving size is generally at least about 1 mL, or even at least about 2 mL, or even at least about 5 mL, or even at least about 10 mL, or even at least about 25 mL. The range includes about 2 mL to about 300 mL, includes about 4 mL to about 250 mL, and includes about 10 mL to about 240 mL. nutritional solids

The nutritional composition in nutritional solid form may be in any solid form, but is typically in the form of a flowable or substantially flowable granular composition, or at least a granular composition. Particularly suitable nutritional solid product forms include spray-dried, agglomerated and/or dry-blended powder compositions. Solid compositions are easily scooped and measured with a spoon or similar other device, and are readily reconstituted by the intended user with a suitable aqueous liquid (usually water) to form a nutritional composition for immediate oral or enteral use. In this context, "immediate" use generally means use within about 48 hours, most usually within about 24 hours, preferably immediately after recovery.

The nutritional powder may be reconstituted with water prior to use to a caloric density suitable for the nutritional needs of the end user, similar to the liquid nutritional composition described above. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO)

In one aspect, compositions of the present disclosure include HMOs. In some aspects, the composition includes a mixture of HMOs including neutral HMOs and acidic HMOs. The composition of human milk oligosaccharides is very complex, and more than 200 different oligosaccharide structures are known.

In certain aspects, compositions of the present disclosure include HMOs or mixtures of HMOs (eg, neutral HMOs and acidic HMOs) and probiotic blends including Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus. HMOs can be isolated or enriched from the milk secreted by mammals including, but not limited to, human, bovine, ovine, porcine or goat species. HMOs can also be produced via microbial fermentation, enzymatic processes, chemical synthesis, or combinations thereof.

HMOs suitable for use in the compositions of the present disclosure may include neutral oligosaccharides, n-acetylglucosylated oligosaccharides, acidic HMOs and HMO precursors. For example, specific non-limiting suitable HMOs that may be included in compositions according to the present disclosure include: 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL), 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL), lactose-N-neotetraose (LNnT) and lactose-N-tetraose (LNT).

Other HMOs that may be included in certain aspects of the compositions of the present disclosure include: N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc); L-fucose (L-Fuc); D-fucose (D- Fuc); fucosyl oligosaccharides (i.e., lactose-N-fucopentose I; lactose-N-fucopentose II; lactose-N-fucopentose III; lactose-N-difucopentose hexasaccharide I; and lactose difucotose); sialofucosyl oligosaccharides (i.e., 3′-sialo-3-fucosylactose; disialomonofucosylactose-N -Neohexose; Monofucosyl monosialyllactose-N-octasaccharide (Sialyl Lea); Sialylactose-N-fucohexaose II; Disialyllactose-N-fucopentose II; monofucosyldisialylactose-N-tetrasaccharide); and sialo-oligosaccharides (i.e., 3-sialyllactosamine; 6′-sialyllactosamine; sialyllactose-N-neotetraose c ;Monosialylactose-N-hexasaccharide;Disialylactose-N-hexasaccharide I;Monosialylactose-N-neohexacose I;Monosialylactose-N-neohexacose II;Disialylactose -N-neohexose; disialolactose-N-tetrasaccharide; disialolactose-N-hexose II; disialolactose-N-tetrasaccharide a; disialolactose-N-hexose I; and Sialylactose-N-tetrasaccharide b). Also useful are variants in which the glucose (Glc on the reducing end) is replaced by N-acetylglucosamine (e.g. 2'-fucosyl-N-acetylglucosamine (2'-FLNac) is 2'- such variants of fucosyllactose). These HMOs are more fully described in U.S. Patent Application No. 2009/0098240, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. May be included in Other suitable examples of HMOs in compositions according to the present disclosure include lactose-N-fucopentose V, lactose-N-hexose, p-lactose-N-hexose, lactose-N-neohexose, p-lactose -N-neohexose, monofucosylated lactose-N-hexose II, isofucosylated lactose-N-hexose (1), isofucosylated lactose-N-hexose (3), isomeric fucosylated lactose-N-hexose (2), difucosyl-p-lactose-N-neohexose, difucosyl-p-lactose-N-hexose, Difucosyllactose-N-hexose, lactose-N-neooctose, p-lactose-N-octose, allolactose-N-octose, lactose-N-octose, monofucosyllactose- Neooctose, Monofucosyllactose-N-octose, Difucosyllactose-N-octose I, Difucosylactose-N-octose II, Difucosylactose-N -Neooctose II, difucosyllactose-N-neooctose I, lactose-N-decaose, trifucosyllactose-N-neooctose, trifucosyllactose-N-octose Sugar, trifucosyl-allolactose-N-octasaccharide, lactose-N-difuco-hexaose II, sialic acid-lactose-N-tetrasaccharide a, sialic acid-lactose-N-tetrasaccharide b, Sialyl-Lactose-N-tetrasaccharide c, Sialyl-fucosyl-lactose-N-tetrasaccharide I, Sialyl-fucosyl-lactose-N-tetrasaccharide II and disialo-lactose-N -tetrasaccharides and their combinations.

The HMO is present in the composition, and when in liquid form (eg, ready-to-eat form), the total amount of HMO in the composition (mg HMO/mL composition) is at least about 0.001 mg/mL to about 20 mg/mL, including about 0.1 mg/mL to about 20 mg/mL, from about 1 mg/mL to about 10 mg/mL, from about 2 mg/mL to about 10 mg/mL, and also from about 2.5 mg/mL to about 8.5 mg/mL. Generally, the amount of HMO in the composition will depend on the specific HMO or HMOs present and the amounts of other components in the composition.

According to some aspects, the composition includes at least one of: a neutral HMO, an acidic HMO, or both a neutral HMO and an acidic HMO. In certain aspects, compositions of the present disclosure include neutral HMOs including at least one of 2'-FL, 3-FL, LNT, LNnT, and combinations thereof. In certain aspects, the neutral HMO present in the composition includes 2'-FL. The amount of neutral HMO present in a nutritional composition can vary depending on the individual to whom the composition is administered. In some aspects, the composition includes a neutral HMO at a concentration of at least 0.02 mg/mL (when the composition is in a ready-to-eat liquid form). In some aspects, neutral HMO is present in the composition at a concentration of about 0.02 mg/mL to about 10 mg/mL, including about 0.1 mg/mL to about 6 mg/mL, including about 0.5 mg/mL to About 5.75 mg/mL, including about 1 mg/mL to about 5.5 mg/mL, including about 1.25 mg/mL to about 5 mg/mL, including about 1.5 mg/mL to about 4.75 mg/mL, and also including about 1.6 mg/mL to approximately 4.6 mg/mL.

According to some aspects, compositions of the present disclosure include an acidic HMO including at least one of 3'-SL, 6'-SL, and combinations thereof. The amount of acidic HMO present in the composition can vary depending on the individual to whom the composition is administered. In some aspects, the composition includes acidic HMO at a concentration of at least 0.02 mg/mL (when the composition is in a ready-to-eat liquid form). In some aspects, the acidic HMO is present in the composition at a concentration of about 0.02 mg/mL to about 10 mg/mL, including about 0.04 mg/mL to about 5 mg/mL, including about 0.08 mg/mL to about 1 mg/mL, including about 0.1 mg/mL to about 0.8 mg/mL, including about 0.12 mg/mL to about 0.75 mg/mL, including about 0.15 mg/mL to about 0.7 mg/mL, and also including about 0.2 mg /mL to approximately 0.65 mg/mL.

According to some aspects, the composition of the present disclosure includes at least one of 2'-FL, 3-FL, LNT and LNnT, and at least one of 3'-SL and 6'-SL, the total of HMO The amount is about 0.001 mg/mL to about 20 mg/mL, including about 0.01 mg/mL to about 20 mg/mL, about 0.1 mg/mL to about 20 mg/mL, and about 0.5 mg/mL to about 20 mg/mL. , about 1 mg/mL to about 20 mg/mL, about 2 mg/mL to about 20 mg/mL, about 3 mg/mL to about 20 mg/mL, and also including about 5 mg/mL to about 20 mg/mL. mL. In certain aspects, compositions of the present disclosure include at least one of 2'-FL, 3-FL, LNT, and LNnT, and at least one of 3'-SL and 6'-SL, HMO The total amount is from about 0.1 mg/mL to about 20 mg/mL, including from about 0.1 mg/mL to about 15 mg/mL, including from about 0.1 mg/mL to about 10 mg/mL, including from about 0.1 mg/mL to about 9 mg/mL, including about 0.1 mg/mL to about 8 mg/mL, including about 0.1 mg/mL to about 7 mg/mL, including about 0.1 mg/mL to about 6 mg/mL, including about 0.1 mg/mL to About 5 mg/mL, including about 0.1 mg/mL to about 4 mg/mL, including about 0.1 mg/mL to about 3 mg/mL, including about 0.1 mg/mL to about 2 mg/mL, including about 0.5 mg/mL mL to about 4 mg/mL, including about 0.5 mg/mL to about 3 mg/mL, including about 1 mg/mL to about 2.5 mg/mL, and also including about 3.1 mg/mL to about 8.2 mg/mL.

In certain aspects of the present disclosure, the composition includes neutral HMO and acidic HMO including fucosylated HMO and N-acetylated HMO. In certain aspects of the present disclosure, the composition includes a combination of 2'-FL, 3-FL, 3'-SL, 6'-SL, and LNT. In certain aspects of the present disclosure, the composition (when in ready-to-eat liquid form) includes 2'-FL in an amount up to 4.15 mg/mL, LNT in an amount up to 2.11 mg/mL, up to 1.17 mg/mL of 3-FL, 3'-SL in an amount of up to 0.36 mg/mL, and 6'-SL in an amount of up to 0.44 mg/mL.

In certain aspects, the compositions of the present disclosure, when in powder form, comprise a total amount of HMOs of about 1 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition. In certain aspects, the compositions of the present disclosure, when in powder form, comprise a total amount of HMOs of about 1 wt.% to about 8 wt.%, based on the total weight of the nutritional composition, including the nutritional composition. About 1.5 wt.% to about 7.5 wt.%, including about 2 wt.% to about 7 wt.%, including about 2.5 wt.% to about 6.5 wt.%, and also including about 3 wt.%, by total weight to about 6 wt.%. probiotic blend

In one aspect, compositions of the present disclosure include a probiotic blend. The probiotic blend includes Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus. In certain aspects, the probiotic blend present in the compositions of the present disclosure optionally includes one or more additional probiotic strains. It is generally understood that probiotics are microorganisms with low or no pathogenicity that exert at least one beneficial effect on the health of the host (such as digestive health and immune health). The probiotic blend may contain live microorganisms, non-viable microorganisms, or a combination of live and non-viable microorganisms. In certain aspects of the present disclosure, the probiotic blend includes live microorganisms.

According to certain aspects of the present disclosure, the compositions include an amount of up to ¹⁰ colony forming units (CFU) of the probiotic blend per gram of dry weight of the composition (e.g., when a powdered or reconstitutable composition) , including 10 ⁵ CFU/g to 10 ¹² CFU/g, 10 ⁶ CFU/g to 10 ¹² CFU/g, 10 ⁷ CFU/g to 10 ¹² CFU/g, 10 ⁸ CFU/g to 10 ¹² CFU/g Or within the range of 10 ⁷ CFU/g to 10 ⁸ CFU/g. For example, in some aspects, the powdered composition includes the probiotic blend in an amount up to 10 ¹² CFU/g, including between 10 ⁵ CFU/g and 10 ¹² CFU/g, 10 ⁶ CFU/ g to 10 ¹² CFU/g, 10 ⁷ CFU/g to 10 ¹² CFU/g, 10 ⁸ CFU/g to 10 ¹² CFU/g or 10 ⁷ CFU/g to 10 ⁸ CFU/g. In some aspects, the composition of the present disclosure includes Bifidobacterium lactis in an amount of 10 ⁵ CFU/g to 10 ¹² CFU/g, Bifidobacterium infantis in an amount of 10 ⁵ CFU/g to 10 ¹² CFU/g coli and Streptococcus thermophilus in an amount of 10 ⁵ CFU/g to 10 ¹² CFU/g.

According to certain aspects of the present disclosure, the composition includes a probiotic blend in an amount of at least 10 ⁵ CFU of total cells per serving, including from 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of the probiotic blend per serving. In some aspects, each serving of the probiotic blend includes 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium lactis, 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium infantis, and 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of B. Streptococcus thermophila. Exemplary Bifidobacterium lactis probiotic strains suitable for use in probiotic blends of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07, Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, Bifidobacterium lactis HN019, and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07. Fibrobacterium Bl-04. Exemplary B. infantis probiotic strains suitable for use in the probiotic blends of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, B. infantis M-63, B. infantis ATCC 15697, B. infantis 35624, B. infantis Bacillus CHCC2228, Bifidobacterium infantis BB-02, Bifidobacterium infantis DSM20088 and Bifidobacterium infantis R0033. Exemplary Streptococcus thermophilus probiotic strains suitable for use in the probiotic blends of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, Streptococcus thermophilus APC151, Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4, Streptococcus thermophilus LMG18311, Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ1066, Streptococcus thermophilus LMD-9, Streptococcus thermophilus DSM20088 and Streptococcus thermophilus R0033.

In some aspects, the probiotic blend optionally includes one or more probiotic strains in addition to Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus. Non-limiting examples of optional probiotic strains that may be used in the probiotic blend include members of the genus Lactobacillus , including L. acidophilus , L. acidophilus NCFM, Lactobacillus amylovorus ( L. amylovorus ), Lactobacillus brevis ( L. brevis ), Lactobacillus bulgaricus ( L. bulgaricus ), Lactobacillus casei subspecies casei ( L. casei spp. casei ), Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus ( L. casei spp. rhamnosus ), Lactobacillus crispatus ( L. crispatus ), Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. lactis ( L. delbrueckii ssp. lactis ), Lactobacillus fermentum ( L. fermentum ), Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 ( L. fermentum CECT5716 ), Lactobacillus helveticus ( L. helveticus ), Lactobacillus johnsonii ( L. johnsonii ), Lactobacillus paracasei ( L. paracasei ), Lactobacillus pentosus ( L. pentosus ), Lactobacillus plantarum ( L. plantarum) ), Lactobacillus reuteri ( L. reuteri ), Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ( L. rhamnosus GG ) and Lactobacillus sake ( L. sake ); additional members of the genus Bifidobacterium (genus Bifidobacterium ), including: bifidobacteria B. animalis , B. bifidum , B. breve and B. longum ; members of the genus Pediococcus , including : Pediococcus acidilactici ( P. acidilactici ); members of the genus Propionibacterium (genus Propionibacterium ), including: P. acidipropionici ( P. acidipropionici ), P. freudenreichii ( P. freudenreichii ), and Propionibacterium jamesii P. jensenii and P. theonii ; and additional members of the genus Streptococcus , including S. cremoris and S. lactis . dietary fiber

In certain aspects of the present disclosure, the composition may include one or more sources of dietary fiber. Exemplary dietary fiber sources suitable for use in the compositions of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, fructooligosaccharides (including short chain fructooligosaccharides), galactooligosaccharides, inulin, polydextrose, oat fiber, soybean fiber, gum arabic, Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, guar gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum, konjac powder, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, tragacanth gum, karaya gum, arabic gum, chitosan, Arabinogalactan, glucomannan, xanthan gum, alginate, pectin, low methoxy pectin, high methoxy pectin, cereal beta-glucan (e.g. oat beta-glucan , barley beta-glucan), carrageenan, psyllium, anti-digestive maltodextrin (eg Fibersol ^™ , anti-digestive maltodextrin, containing soluble dietary fiber) and combinations thereof. There are many commercial sources of soluble dietary fiber. For example, gum arabic, guar gum, pectin, and low and high methoxy pectins are available from TIC Gums, Inc. (Belcamp, Maryland). Oat and barley glucans are available from Mountain Lake Specialty Ingredients (Omaha, Nebraska). Psyllium is available from Meer Company (North Bergen, New Jersey) and carrageenan is available from FMC Company (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).

In certain aspects of the present disclosure, the composition includes at least one of fructooligosaccharides (including short chain fructooligosaccharides) and galactooligosaccharides as dietary fiber. These oligosaccharides are rapidly and extensively fermented into short-chain fatty acids by anaerobic microorganisms inhabiting the large intestine. These oligosaccharides may be a preferential energy source for certain bacterial strains inhabiting the large intestine (e.g., Bifidobacterium spp.), but are not used by potentially pathogenic organisms (e.g., Clostridium perfingens , D. difficile). Clostridium difficile or Eschericia coli ) .

In certain aspects of the present disclosure, the compositions include a blend of dietary fibers including fructooligosaccharides (including short chain fructooligosaccharides), inulin, gum arabic, and anti-digestive maltodextrin (e.g., Fibersol ^™ , anti-digestive maltodextrin, contains soluble dietary fiber).

When compositions of the present disclosure include dietary fiber, the dietary fiber may be present in any suitable amount. In some aspects, the composition includes dietary fiber in an amount from about 0.5 g/L to about 20 g/L, including from about 1 g/L to about 15 g/L, from about 2 g/L to about 10 g/L. L, and also includes about 3 g/L to about 6 g/L. macronutrients

In certain aspects, compositions of the present disclosure are formulated as nutritional compositions that include at least one of protein, fat, or carbohydrate (ie, carbohydrate that is not HMO or dietary fiber as described above). In many aspects, nutritional compositions of the present disclosure will include protein, fat, and carbohydrates (ie, carbohydrates that are not HMOs or dietary fibers as described above).

The nutritional compositions of the present disclosure can be formulated to contain sufficient types and amounts of nutrients to provide the sole, primary or supplementary source of nutrients. Nutritional compositions of the present disclosure including HMOs, probiotic blends, or both HMOs and probiotic blends can be formulated to include at least one of protein, fat, or carbohydrate. In some aspects, nutritional compositions of the present disclosure include HMOs as well as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. In some aspects, nutritional compositions of the present disclosure include a probiotic blend and protein, fat, and carbohydrate. In certain aspects, nutritional compositions of the present disclosure include fucosylated HMOs, sialylated HMOs, and probiotic blends as well as proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Although the total concentration or amount of protein, fat, and carbohydrate may vary depending on the product type (i.e., nutritional formula), product form (i.e., nutritional solid, powder, ready-to-eat liquid, or concentrated liquid), and the target dietary needs of the intended user vary, but such concentrations or amounts will most typically fall within one of the following specific ranges, including any other essential fat, protein and/or carbohydrate components described herein.

When present, carbohydrate concentration will most typically range from about 1% to about 40%, including about 7% to about 30%, including about 10% to about 25%, by weight of the nutritional composition. When present, fat concentration most typically ranges from about 1% to about 30%, including about 2% to about 15%, and also including about 3% to about 10%, by weight of the nutritional composition. When present, protein concentration most typically ranges from about 0.5% to about 30%, including about 1% to about 15%, and also including about 2% to about 10%, by weight of the nutritional composition.

The amounts of any or all carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in any nutritional composition described herein can also be expressed as a percentage of the total calories in the nutritional composition as shown in the table below. These macronutrients for use in nutritional compositions according to the present disclosure are most typically formulated within any of the caloric ranges (Examples AF) described in the table below (each value is preceded by the term "about"). Table 1 - Exemplary macronutrient profiles for nutritional compositions Nutrients Example A ( Total heat %) Example B ( Total heat %) Example C ( Total heat %) carbohydrate 0-98 2-96 10-75 protein 0-98 2-96 5-70 Fat 0-98 2-96 20-85 Example D ( Total heat %) Example E ( Total heat %) Example F ( Total heat %) carbohydrate 10-50 50-89 50-93 protein 15-35 10-30 5-30 Fat 35-55 1-20 2-20 Fat

Nutritional compositions according to the present disclosure may include one or more sources of fat. Fat sources suitable for use herein include any fat or fat source suitable for use in oral nutritional compositions and compatible with the essential elements and characteristics of such compositions. The most typical fat may be an emulsified fat suitable for individual consumption. Suitable fat concentrations may range from about 1% to about 30% by weight, including about 2% to about 15%, and also including about 4% to about 10%. In certain aspects of the present disclosure, the fat is derived from short chain fatty acids.

Additional non-limiting examples of fats or sources thereof suitable for use in nutritional compositions described herein include coconut oil, fractionated coconut oil, soybean oil, corn oil, olive oil, safflower oil, high oleic acid safflower oil, oleic acid (EMERSOL 6313 Oleic acid, Cognis Oleochemicals, Malaysia), MCT oil (medium chain triglycerides), sunflower oil, high oleic acid sunflower oil, palm and palm kernel oil, palm olein, rapeseed oil, marine oil, fish oil, fungal oil , algae oil, cottonseed oil and combinations thereof. Lipid sources of arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) include, but are not limited to, marine oil, egg yolk oil, fungal oil, or algal oil.

Many commercial sources of these fats are readily available and known to those skilled in the art. For example, soybean oil and canola oil are available from Archer Daniels Midland (Decatur, Illinois). Corn oil, coconut oil, palm oil, and palm kernel oil are available from Premier Edible Oils (Portland, Oregon). Fractionated coconut oil is available from Henkel Company (LaGrange, Illinois). High oleic safflower oil and high oleic sunflower oil are available from SVO Specialty Products (Eastlake, Ohio). Marine oil is available from Mochida International (Tokyo, Japan). Olive oil is available from Anglia Oils (North Humberside, United Kingdom). Sunflower oil and cottonseed oil are available from Cargill (Minneapolis, Minnesota). Safflower oil is available from California Oils (Richmond, California).

In addition to such food grade oils, structured lipids can also be incorporated into foods when desired. Structured lipid systems are known in the art. A concise description of structured lipids can be found in INFORM, Volume 8, Issue 10, Page 1004; titled Structured lipids allow fat tailoring (October 1997). See also US Patent No. 4,871,768. Structured lipids are mainly triglycerides, which contain a mixture of medium-chain and long-chain fatty acids on the same glycerol core. Structured lipids and their use in enteral formulations are also described in US Patent No. 6,194,379 and US Patent No. 6,160,007.

Nutritional compositions of the present disclosure may also include omega-3 fatty acids as part of the fat or oil included in the nutritional composition. Exemplary omega-3 fatty acids include, but are not limited to, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Dietary oils used to prepare nutritional compositions typically contain omega-3 fatty acids in the form of triglycerides and include, but are not limited to, canola oil, fish oil, soybean oil, soybean lecithin oil, corn oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, high Oleic sunflower oil, high oleic safflower oil, olive oil, borage oil, black currant oil, evening primrose oil and flaxseed oil. protein

Nutritional compositions according to the present disclosure may include protein. As mentioned above, when present, the protein concentration most typically ranges from about 0.5% to about 30%, including about 1% to about 15%, and also including about 2% to about 10%, by weight of the nutritional composition . Any protein source suitable for oral nutritional compositions and compatible with the essential elements and characteristics of such formulations is suitable for use in the nutritional compositions of the present disclosure.

Non-limiting examples of proteins or sources thereof suitable for use in compositions of the present disclosure include hydrolyzed, partially hydrolyzed, or non-hydrolyzed proteins or protein sources, which may be derived from any known or other suitable source, such as milk (e.g., cheese). protein, whey), animal (e.g. meat, fish), grain (e.g. rice, corn), vegetable (e.g. soybean) or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of such proteins include milk protein isolate, milk protein concentrate, casein isolate, extensively hydrolyzed casein, whey protein, sodium or calcium caseinate, whole milk, partial or complete Skim milk, soy protein isolate and soy protein concentrate. In one aspect, nutritional compositions of the present disclosure include a protein source derived from milk proteins of human and/or bovine sources.

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the total protein content will vary depending on the target consumer and nutritional needs. In certain aspects of the disclosure, adult nutritional compositions are contemplated to have up to about 90 grams of protein per liter, including from about 25 grams to about 90 grams of protein per liter, from about 30 grams to about 80 grams of protein per liter, and also Contains about 40 grams to about 75 grams of protein per liter.

In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, the protein source is hydrolyzed protein, ie, protein hydrolyzate. In this context, the terms "hydrolyzed protein" or "protein hydrolyzate" are used interchangeably herein and include proteins that are extensively hydrolyzed, most typically with a degree of hydrolysis of at least about 20%, including from about 20% to about 80%, and It also includes about 30% to about 80%, and even better, about 40% to about 60%. The degree of hydrolysis is the degree to which the peptide bond is destroyed by hydrolysis. To characterize the extensively hydrolyzed protein components of these examples, the degree of protein hydrolysis can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the formulation art by quantifying the ratio of amine nitrogen to total nitrogen (AN/TN) of the protein component of the selected formulation. ) to determine. The amine nitrogen component is quantified by the USP titration method for determining amine nitrogen content, and the total nitrogen component is determined by the Tecator Kjeldahl method, all of which are well known to those of ordinary skill in the field of analytical chemistry. method.

Suitable hydrolyzed proteins include casein hydrolysates, soy protein hydrolysates, whey protein hydrolysates, rice protein hydrolysates, potato protein hydrolysates, fish protein hydrolysates, egg albumin hydrolysates, gelatin protein hydrolysates, animal and vegetable protein hydrolysates Combinations of products, and combinations thereof. Particularly preferred protein hydrolysates include casein hydrolyzate, whey protein hydrolyzate and hydrolyzed sodium caseinate.

When used in nutritional compositions of the present disclosure, the protein source may include at least about 1% (by weight of total protein) protein hydrolysates, including about 2% to 100% (by weight of total protein) protein hydrolysates, including about 2% to 10% (by weight of total protein) protein hydrolysates, including about 5% to 100% (by weight of total protein) protein hydrolysates, including about 10% to 100% (by weight of total protein) Protein hydrolysates, and include about 20% to about 80% (by weight of total protein) protein hydrolysates, and include about 50% (by weight of total protein) protein hydrolysates. In one aspect, the nutritional composition includes 100% (by weight of total protein) protein hydrolyzate. carbohydrate

In addition to any HMO or any dietary fiber, nutritional compositions of the present disclosure may also include carbohydrates suitable for oral nutritional compositions and compatible with the essential elements and characteristics of such compositions. When present, carbohydrate concentration will most typically range from about 1% to about 40%, including about 7% to about 30%, including about 10% to about 25%, by weight of the nutritional composition.

Non-limiting examples of carbohydrates or sources thereof suitable for use in nutritional compositions described herein include maltodextrin, hydrolyzed starch, modified starch, corn starch, modified corn starch, glucose polymers, corn syrup, corn syrup Solids, rice-derived carbohydrates, pea-derived carbohydrates, potato-derived carbohydrates, tapioca flour, sucrose, glucose, fructose, lactose, high-fructose corn syrup, honey, and combinations thereof. A particularly desirable carbohydrate is low glucose equivalent (DE) maltodextrin. Ingredients to be used as appropriate

Nutritional compositions according to the present disclosure may further include other optional ingredients that may modify the physical, chemical, aesthetic, or processing characteristics of the product, or may serve as pharmaceuticals or additional nutritional ingredients when used in the target population. Many such optional ingredients are known or otherwise suitable for use in medical foods or other nutritional compositions or pharmaceutical dosage forms and may also be used in the nutritional compositions disclosed herein, provided that such optional ingredients are suitable for oral administration. Is safe and compatible with the essential ingredients and other ingredients in the selected product form.

Non-limiting examples of such optional ingredients include preservatives, emulsifiers, buffers, antioxidants, pharmaceutical actives, anti-inflammatory agents, additional nutrients as described herein, colorants, flavoring agents, thickening agents, and Stabilizers, lubricants, etc.

The nutritional composition of the present disclosure may include a sweetener, preferably at least one sugar alcohol, such as maltitol, erythritol, sorbitol, xylitol, mannitol, isomalt and lactitol. , and also preferably includes at least one artificial or high-potency sweetener, such as acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sucralose, saccharin, stevia and tagatose. These sweeteners, especially as a combination of sugar alcohols and artificial sweeteners, are particularly suitable for formulating liquid beverages with desirable flavor characteristics. These sweetener combinations are particularly effective in masking the undesirable taste sometimes associated with the addition of plant proteins to liquid beverages. The optional sugar alcohol concentration in the nutritional composition may be in the range of at least 0.01%, including about 0.1% to about 10%, and also including about 1% to about 6%, by weight of the nutritional composition. The optional artificial sweetener concentration may be in the range of about 0.01%, including about 0.05% to about 5%, and also including about 0.1% to about 1.0%, by weight of the nutritional composition.

Flow agents or anti-caking agents may be included in nutritional compositions in powder form as described herein to retard clumping or clumping of the powder over time and to facilitate the flow of the powder composition from its container. Any known flow or anti-caking agent known or otherwise suitable for use in nutritional powders or product forms is suitable for use herein, non-limiting examples of which include tricalcium phosphate, silicates, and combinations thereof. The concentration of flow agent or anti-caking agent in the composition varies depending on the product form, other selected ingredients, desired flow characteristics, etc., but most typically ranges from about 0.1% to about 4% by weight of the nutritional composition. , including about 0.5% to about 2%.

Stabilizers may also be included in the nutritional compositions of the present disclosure. Any stabilizer known or otherwise suitable for use in nutritional compositions is also suitable for use herein, some non-limiting examples of which include gums, such as xanthan gum. The stabilizer may comprise about 0.1% to about 5.0%, including about 0.5% to about 3%, including about 0.7% to about 1.5%, by weight of the nutritional composition.

The nutritional composition of the present disclosure may also include any of a variety of other vitamins or related nutrients, non-limiting examples of which include vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine Alcohol, vitamin B ₁₂ , niacin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin C, choline, inositol, salts and derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof. In some aspects, compositions of the present disclosure include the following vitamins and minerals: calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chloride, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, iodine, chromium, molybdenum, conditionally essential nutrients m-inositol, carnitine and taurine, and vitamins A, C, D, E, K and B complexes, and mixtures thereof.

Antioxidants may also be included in the nutritional compositions of the present disclosure. Any antioxidant suitable for oral administration may be included for use in nutritional compositions according to the present disclosure, including, for example, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, retinol, tocopherols, and carotenoids, including, for example, lutein, beta -Carotene, zeaxanthin and lycopene, and combinations thereof.

Nutritional compositions of the present disclosure may also include one or more nucleotides and/or nucleosides. Nucleotides and/or nucleosides suitable for the nutritional composition of the present disclosure include cytidine 5'-monophosphate, uridine 5'-monophosphate, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, and guanosine 5'-1- Monophosphate and/or inosine 5'-monophosphate, preferably cytidine 5'-monophosphate, uridine 5'-monophosphate, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, guanosine 5'-monophosphate and inosine 5 '-Monophosphate. Manufacturing method

Nutritional compositions according to the present disclosure may be prepared by any known or otherwise effective manufacturing technique for preparing such nutritional compositions. Many such techniques are known for any given product form, such as nutritional liquids or nutritional powders, and can be readily applied to the nutritional compositions described herein by one of ordinary skill in the art.

Accordingly, nutritional compositions according to the present disclosure may be prepared by any of a variety of known or otherwise effective formulation or manufacturing methods. In a suitable manufacturing process, for example, at least three separate slurries are prepared, including a protein-in-fat (PIF) slurry, a carbohydrate-mineral (CHO-MIN) slurry, and a protein-in-water (PIW) slurry. PIF slurry is formed by heating and mixing oil (such as rapeseed oil, corn oil, etc.), and then adding emulsifiers (such as lecithin), fat-soluble vitamins, and a portion of total protein (such as milk protein concentrate, etc.), continuing Heat and stir. CHO-MIN slurry is formed by adding the following to water under heating and stirring: minerals (such as potassium citrate, dipotassium phosphate, sodium citrate, etc.), trace and ultra-trace minerals (TM/UTM premix) , thickening or suspending agents (such as gellan gum, carrageenan). Continue heating and stirring, and keep the resulting CHO-MIN slurry for 10 minutes, then add additional minerals (such as potassium chloride, magnesium carbonate, potassium iodide, etc.) and/or carbohydrates (such as HMO, fructooligosaccharides, sucrose, corn syrup, etc.) . A PIW slurry is then formed by mixing the remaining protein (if present) with heat and stirring.

The resulting slurries are then blended together with stirring and the pH adjusted to 6.6-7.0 before the composition is processed during which time the composition is emulsified and homogenized. Water-soluble vitamins and ascorbic acid are added, the pH is adjusted to the desired range if necessary, flavoring is added, and water is added to achieve the desired total solids content. This emulsion can then be further diluted, heat treated and packaged to form a ready-to-eat or concentrated liquid, or it can be heat treated and subsequently processed and packaged into a reconstitutable powder, such as spray drying, dry blending, pelleting. In some aspects, the nutrient solution may include an HMO or a mixture of HMOs, and the probiotic blend including live microorganisms may be provided in powder form separately from the nutrient solution (eg, in single-serve packages) and subsequently consumed with Nutrient solution mix. In some aspects, if a probiotic blend is used that includes non-viable microorganisms, the probiotic blend can be added to one or more of the slurries described above to create a mixture that includes an HMO or a HMO and a probiotic blend. of nutrient solution.

Nutritional solids, such as spray-dried nutritional powders or dry blended nutritional powders, may be prepared by any combination of known or otherwise effective techniques suitable for preparing and formulating nutritional powders.

For example, when the nutritional powder is a spray-dried nutritional powder, the spray drying step may also include any known or otherwise suitable spray drying technology for producing nutritional powder. Many different spray-drying methods and techniques are known for use in the nutritional field, and all of these methods and techniques are suitable for manufacturing the spray-dried nutritional powder herein.

A method of preparing a spray-dried nutritional powder includes forming and homogenizing an aqueous slurry or liquid containing fat and, optionally, protein, carbohydrates, and other sources of fat as described above, and then spray-drying the slurry or liquid to produce a spray Dry nutritional powder. The method may further include the step of spray drying, dry blending, or otherwise adding additional nutritional ingredients, including HMOs, HMO blends, probiotic blends, or any one or more ingredients described herein, to form a spray dried nutritional ingredient. pink.

Other suitable methods for preparing nutritional compositions are described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 6,365,218 (Borschel et al.), U.S. Patent No. 6,589,576 (Borschel et al.), U.S. Patent No. 6,306,908 (Carlson et al.), U.S. Patent Applications No. 20030118703 A1 (Nguyen et al.), this description is incorporated herein by reference to the extent consistent with this document. Instructions

Methods of use according to the present disclosure include oral administration of an HMO, a probiotic blend including Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus, or an HMO containing Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus. A composition (eg, a nutritional composition) of at least one of a probiotic blend of Streptococci to reduce odor associated with gas production in an individual.

Compositions as described herein may be administered generally to individuals, including adults and the elderly (e.g., persons over 65 years of age), or, in certain aspects of the present disclosure, may be administered "in need" specific subclasses of individuals, that is, specific adults to whom the composition is administered that would particularly benefit. For example, a particular adult may "need" a composition as described herein if he or she is prone to or currently producing malodorous gases. Such susceptibility may result from one or more of, for example, genetic predisposition, underlying disease or disorder, medication regimen, or diet that contributes to the production of malodorous gases.

When administered to an individual in need thereof, the individual desirably consumes at least one serving of the composition per day, and in some embodiments, may consume two, three, or more servings per day. Ideally, each serving is administered as a single, undivided dose, although the serving may be divided into two or more portions or divided into portions to be taken two or more times throughout the day. Methods in accordance with the present disclosure include continuous investing day after day, as well as periodic or limited investing, although continuous investing day after day is generally desirable. Methods according to the present disclosure are preferably administered daily, wherein the daily administration is maintained for at least 3 consecutive days, including at least 5 days, including at least 1 month, including at least 6 weeks, including at least 8 weeks, including at least 2 months, Includes at least 6 months, and ideally at least about 18-24 months, ideally as a long-term, continuous, daily dietary source or supplement.

In one aspect, methods of use of the present disclosure include methods of reducing odor associated with gas produced by the subject by administering to the subject a composition comprising human milk oligosaccharides. The composition is effective in reducing the amount of odor-causing components present in the gas produced by an individual. Odor-causing components include, but are not limited to, sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds (eg, hydrogen sulfide), short-chain fatty acids (eg, acetate, propionate, butyrate), and combinations thereof. In certain aspects of the present disclosure, compositions comprising human milk oligosaccharides are effective to reduce the amount (eg, concentration) of hydrogen sulfide present in gas produced by the subject. The gas produced by the subject after administration of the composition has reduced amounts of odor-causing components (eg, hydrogen sulfide) compared to the gas produced by the subject not administered the composition.

In another aspect, methods of use of the present disclosure include methods of reducing odor associated with gas produced by an individual by administering to the individual a composition comprising a probiotic blend comprising milk Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus. The composition is effective in reducing the amount of odor-causing components present in the gas produced by an individual. Odor-causing components include, but are not limited to, sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds (eg, hydrogen sulfide), short-chain fatty acids (eg, acetate, propionate, butyrate), and combinations thereof. In certain aspects of the present disclosure, compositions including a probiotic blend comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus are effective to reduce the amount of hydrogen sulfide present in gas produced by an individual ( such as concentration). The gas produced by the subject after administration of the composition has reduced amounts of odor-causing components (eg, hydrogen sulfide) compared to the gas produced by the subject not administered the composition.

In another aspect, methods of use of the present disclosure include methods of reducing odor associated with gas produced by an individual by administering to the individual a nutritional composition comprising: a) neutral human milk oligosaccharides and acidic a mixture of human milk oligosaccharides; and b) a probiotic blend comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus. The gas produced by an individual after administration of the composition has a reduced amount of the odor-causing component as compared to the gas produced by the individual after administration of an otherwise identical nutritional composition excluding: i) Neutral human milk oligosaccharides ; ii) acidic human milk oligosaccharides; and iii) a probiotic blend containing Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus. For example, after administration of a nutritional composition of the present disclosure, an individual may produce at least 10 less gases than after administration of an otherwise identical nutritional composition excluding i), ii), and iii). %, including at least 20% less, at least 30% less, at least 40% less or at least 50% less. Odor-causing components include, but are not limited to, sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds (eg, hydrogen sulfide), short-chain fatty acids (eg, acetate, propionate, butyrate), and combinations thereof. In certain aspects of the present disclosure, a nutritional composition effective to reduce the amount of hydrogen sulfide present in gas produced by an individual includes: a) human milk oligosaccharides including neutral human milk oligosaccharides and acidic human milk oligosaccharides a mixture of sugars; and b) a probiotic blend comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus. Example

The following examples illustrate exemplary embodiments and/or features of the methods and compositions of the present disclosure. The examples are given for purposes of illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the disclosure as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

Previous studies have determined that microbial cultures can be obtained from human fecal samples and maintained in the laboratory for experimental evaluation of microbial gas production and composition. Fresh stool samples were obtained from six (6) healthy adults aged 35 to 65 years who had not used antibiotics within the previous six (6) months and who had not followed a vegetarian or vegan diet. After defecation, fecal samples were placed in a container with oxygen scavenger and stored in a refrigerated environment. Fecal samples were anaerobically processed and aliquoted (5 mL) within 16 hours of defecation. Aliquots were stored at -20°C. Frozen stool samples are used within 3 months, and each 5 mL aliquot is used only once.

Live fecal microbial samples, including 0.25 mL of low-nutrient bacterial culture medium containing 0.1% (v/v) (or 0.25 μL) of fecal sample, are cultured in microtiter plates for twenty (20) hours under conditions simulating the human colon. Repeat cultures were treated with: 2'-FL (Treatment A), 2'-FL in combination with a probiotic blend including Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus (as Similac® probiotic Tri-Blend supplement was purchased from Abbott Laboratories) (Treatment B), including 2'-FL (50 wt.% of the total weight of the blend of HMOs), 3-FL (50 wt.% of the total weight of the blend of HMOs) 16.67 wt.%), LNT (25 wt.% of the total weight of the blend of HMO), 3'-SL (3.33 wt.% of the total weight of the blend of HMO), and 6'-SL (of 5 wt.% of the total weight of the blend) of a blend of HMOs (Treatment C), a combination of a blend of HMOs and a probiotic blend (Treatment D), or a probiotic blend (Treatment E ). The 2'-FL dosage used in treatments A and B provided a final concentration of 1.2 g/L (or approximately 0.3 mg 2'-FL per 0.25 mL of culture sample). The dose of probiotic blend used in treatments B, D, and E provided 0.5 g/L or 1.25 × 10 ⁹ CFU/L (or approximately 0.125 mg of probiotic blend per 0.25 mL of culture sample, or approximately 0.25 mg of probiotic blend per 0.25 mL of culture The sample is about 3.1×10 ⁵ CFU). The dosage of the blend of HMO used in Treatments C and D provides a final concentration of 1.2 g/L (or 0.3 mg of blend of HMO per 0.25 mL of culture sample).

The concentration of hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) is measured twenty (20) hours after addition of the treatment components. The measurement involves direct mass spectrometry (MS) quantification of the sampled gas. Changes in H ₂ S production over a 20-hour period were analyzed for each of the six donors relative to H ₂ S production in untreated (i.e., no treatment was added) fecal samples from the same donor and are expressed as Percent change. The data shown in Figure 1 and Table 1 below represent the average changes in _H2S production from all six donors for each treatment. Table 1 handle time ( hour ) gas Change from baseline (±%) SEM n A 20 H ₂ S -14.3% 9.83% 6 B 20 H ₂ S -39.9% 10.90% 6 C 20 H ₂ S -26.6% 8.23% 6 D 20 H ₂ S -42.5% 11.90% 6 E 20 H ₂ S -40.7% 5.81% 6

H ₂ S gas is known to have the typical smell of rotten eggs. Thus, the H ₂ S gas concentration and/or production indicates the odor produced by the microbial flora (eg, used as a marker). The data shown in Figure 1 and Table 1 indicate that all treatments reduced _H2S production by the in vitro microbiota model. Specifically, 2'-FL treatment (Treatment A) reduced H ₂ S gas production by approximately 14.3% compared to baseline H ₂ S production; compared to baseline H ₂ S production, 2'-FL and probiotic-incorporated The compound treatment (Treatment B) reduced H ₂ S gas production by approximately 39.9%; compared with the baseline H ₂ S production, the HMO blend treatment (Treatment C) reduced the H ₂ S gas production by approximately 26.6%; compared with the baseline H 2 S production The HMO blend and probiotic blend treatment (Treatment D) reduced H ₂ S gas production by approximately 42.5% compared to H 2 S production; and compared to baseline H ₂ S _generation , the probiotic blend treatment (Treatment E) reduced H ₂ S gas generation by approximately 40.7%. As mentioned, because _H2S is an odorous gas produced by microbiota, reducing _H2S production may effectively reduce the odor associated with gases produced by an individual's microbiome. Therefore, treatment with HMOs (e.g., 2'-FL), blends of HMOs, blends of probiotics including Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus, and combinations thereof can effectively reduce the risk of infection in individuals. odors associated with gases.

Unless otherwise indicated herein, all sub-embodiments and optional embodiments are respective sub-embodiments and optional embodiments of all embodiments described herein. While this disclosure has been illustrated by descriptions of its embodiments, and while these embodiments have been described in considerable detail, applicants do not intend to limit or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such details. Additional advantages and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the disclosure in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details, representative compositions or methods, and illustrative examples shown and described. Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of Applicants' general disclosures herein.

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are also set forth in the following numbered clauses.

1. A composition for reducing odor associated with gas produced by an individual, comprising a probiotic blend comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus. 2. A composition for use according to clause 1, wherein the composition reduces the amount of odor-causing components in the gas produced by the individual. 3. Compositions for use according to clause 2, wherein the odor-causing components comprise hydrogen sulfide. 4. A composition for use according to any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the probiotic blend comprises 10 ⁵ colony forming units (CFU) to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium lactis, 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium infantis and 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Streptococcus thermophilus. 5. A composition for use according to any one of clauses 1 to 4, wherein the composition further comprises human milk oligosaccharides. 6. The composition for use according to clause 5, wherein the human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of neutral human milk oligosaccharide or acidic human milk oligosaccharide. 7. The composition for use according to clause 6, wherein the neutral human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose and combinations thereof. 8. A composition for use according to clause 6 or clause 7, wherein the acidic human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and combinations thereof. 9. A composition for use according to any one of clauses 6 to 8, wherein the composition further comprises at least one of lactose-N-tetraose and lactose-N-neotetraose. 10. A composition for use according to clause 9, wherein the composition further comprises lactose-N-tetrasaccharide, the neutral human milk oligosaccharide comprising 2'-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose, And the acidic human milk oligosaccharide includes 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. 11. The composition for use according to clause 10, wherein the composition contains 0.001 g/L to 20 g/L of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, 3'-sialic acid A liquid that is a combination of lactose, 6'-sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. 12. A composition for use according to clause 10, wherein the composition comprises 2'-fucosyllactose in an amount of up to 4.15 g/L, lactose-N-tetraose in an amount of up to 2.11 g/L, A liquid containing 3-fucosyllactose in an amount up to 1.17 g/L, 3'-sialyllactose in an amount up to 0.36 g/L, and 6'-sialyllactose in an amount up to 0.44 g/L. 13. The composition for use according to clause 10, wherein the composition comprises 1 wt.% to 10 wt.% of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosylated lactose, based on the total weight of the nutritional composition. Powder of a combination of glycosyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. 14. A composition for use according to any one of clauses 1 to 13, wherein the composition is a nutritional composition comprising at least one of protein, carbohydrate and fat. 15. The composition for use according to clause 14, wherein the nutritional composition further comprises dietary fiber, the dietary fiber comprising at least one of the following: fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, inulin, polydextrose, oat fiber, soybean Fiber, gum arabic, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, guar gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum, konjac powder, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, gum tragacanth, karaya gum, gum arabic, Chitosan, arabinogalactan, glucomannan, xanthan gum, alginate, pectin, low methoxy pectin, high methoxy pectin, cereal beta-glucan, carrageenan Rapeseed, psyllium, anti-digestive maltodextrin or a combination thereof. 16. A composition for use according to any one of clauses 1 to 15, wherein the subject is an adult. 17. Use of a composition for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing odor associated with gas produced by an individual, the composition comprising a probiotic blend comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus. 18. Use according to clause 17, wherein the composition reduces the amount of odor-causing components in the gas produced by the individual. 19. Use according to clause 18, wherein the odor-causing components contain hydrogen sulfide. 20. Use according to any one of clauses 17 to 19, wherein the probiotic blend contains 10 ⁵ colony forming units (CFU) to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium lactis, 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium infantis Fibrobacterium and 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Streptococcus thermophilus. 21. Use according to any one of clauses 17 to 20, wherein the composition further comprises human milk oligosaccharides. 22. Use according to clause 21, wherein the human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of neutral human milk oligosaccharide or acidic human milk oligosaccharide. 23. Use according to clause 22, wherein the neutral human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose and combinations thereof. 24. Use according to clause 22 or clause 23, wherein the acidic human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and combinations thereof. 25. Use according to any one of clauses 22 to 24, wherein the composition further comprises at least one of lactose-N-tetraose and lactose-N-neotetraose. 26. Use according to clause 25, wherein the composition further comprises lactose-N-tetrasaccharide, the neutral human milk oligosaccharide includes 2'-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose, and the acidic human milk oligosaccharide Lactooligosaccharides include 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. 27. Use according to clause 26, wherein the composition contains 0.001 g/L to 20 g/L of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose, 6' -A liquid that is a combination of sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. 28. Use according to clause 26, wherein the composition comprises 2'-fucosyllactose in an amount of up to 4.15 g/L, lactose-N-tetraose in an amount of up to 2.11 g/L, and up to 1.17 g/L. A liquid containing 3-fucosyllactose in an amount of L, 3'-sialyllactose in an amount of up to 0.36 g/L, and 6'-sialyllactose in an amount up to 0.44 g/L. 29. Use according to clause 26, wherein the composition comprises 1 wt.% to 10 wt.% of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, based on the total weight of the nutritional composition. A powder of a combination of 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. 30. Use according to any one of clauses 17 to 29, wherein the composition is a nutritional composition comprising at least one of protein, carbohydrate and fat. 31. Use according to clause 30, wherein the nutritional composition further comprises dietary fiber, the dietary fiber comprising at least one of the following: fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, inulin, polydextrose, oat fiber, soybean fiber, gum arabic , sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, guar gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum, konjac powder, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, tragacanth gum, karaya gum, gum arabic, chitosan , arabinogalactan, glucomannan, xanthan gum, alginate, pectin, low methoxy pectin, high methoxy pectin, cereal beta-glucan, carrageenan, pectin Propagine, anti-digestive maltodextrin or combinations thereof. 32. For purposes under any of clauses 17 to 32, where the individual is an adult. 33. A composition for reducing odor associated with gas produced by an individual, the composition comprising human milk oligosaccharides. 34. A composition for use according to clause 33, wherein the composition reduces the amount of odor-causing components in the gas produced by the individual. 35. Compositions for use according to clause 34, wherein the odor-causing components comprise hydrogen sulfide. 36. A composition for use according to any one of clauses 33 to 35, wherein the human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of neutral human milk oligosaccharide or acidic human milk oligosaccharide. 37. A composition for use according to clause 36, wherein the neutral human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose and combinations thereof. 38. A composition for use according to clause 36 or clause 37, wherein the acidic human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and combinations thereof. 39. A composition for use according to any one of clauses 36 to 38, wherein the composition further comprises at least one of lactose-N-tetraose and lactose-N-neotetraose. 40. A composition for use according to clause 39, wherein the composition further comprises lactose-N-tetrasaccharide, the neutral human milk oligosaccharide comprising 2'-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose, And the acidic human milk oligosaccharide includes 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. 41. A composition for use according to clause 40, wherein the composition contains 0.001 g/L to 20 g/L of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, 3'-sialic acid A liquid that is a combination of lactose, 6'-sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. 42. A composition for use according to clause 40, wherein the composition comprises 2'-fucosyllactose in an amount of up to 4.15 g/L, lactose-N-tetraose in an amount of up to 2.11 g/L, A liquid containing 3-fucosyllactose in an amount up to 1.17 g/L, 3'-sialyllactose in an amount up to 0.36 g/L, and 6'-sialyllactose in an amount up to 0.44 g/L. 43. The composition for use according to clause 40, wherein the composition comprises 1 wt.% to 10 wt.% of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, based on the total weight of the nutritional composition. Powder of a combination of glycosyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. 44. A composition for use according to any one of clauses 33 to 43, wherein the composition further comprises a probiotic blend comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus. 45. A composition for use according to clause 44, wherein the probiotic blend comprises 10 ⁵ colony forming units (CFU) to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium lactis, 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium infantis and 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Streptococcus thermophilus. 46. A composition for use according to any one of clauses 33 to 45, wherein the composition is a nutritional composition comprising at least one of protein, carbohydrate and fat. 47. A composition for use according to clause 46, wherein the nutritional composition further comprises dietary fiber comprising at least one of the following: fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, inulin, polydextrose, oat fiber, soybean Fiber, gum arabic, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, guar gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum, konjac powder, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, gum tragacanth, karaya gum, gum arabic, Chitosan, arabinogalactan, glucomannan, xanthan gum, alginate, pectin, low methoxy pectin, high methoxy pectin, cereal beta-glucan, carrageenan Rapeseed, psyllium, anti-digestive maltodextrin or a combination thereof. 48. A composition for use according to any one of clauses 33 to 47, wherein the individual is an adult. 49. Use of a composition for the manufacture of a medicament for reducing odor associated with gas produced by an individual, the composition comprising human milk oligosaccharides. 50. Use according to clause 49, wherein the composition reduces the amount of odor-causing components in the gas produced by the individual. 51. Use according to clause 50, wherein the odor-causing components contain hydrogen sulfide. 52. Use according to any one of clauses 49 to 51, wherein the human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of neutral human milk oligosaccharide or acidic human milk oligosaccharide. 53. Use according to clause 52, wherein the neutral human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose and combinations thereof. 54. Use according to clause 52 or clause 53, wherein the acidic human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and combinations thereof. 55. Use according to any one of clauses 52 to 54, wherein the composition further comprises at least one of lactose-N-tetraose and lactose-N-neotetraose. 56. Use according to clause 55, wherein the composition further comprises lactose-N-tetrasaccharide, the neutral human milk oligosaccharide comprises 2'-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose, and the acidic human milk oligosaccharide Lactooligosaccharides include 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. 57. Use according to clause 56, wherein the composition contains 0.001 g/L to 20 g/L of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose, 6' -A liquid that is a combination of sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. 58. Use according to clause 56, wherein the composition comprises 2'-fucosyllactose in an amount of up to 4.15 g/L, lactose-N-tetraose in an amount of up to 2.11 g/L, and up to 1.17 g/L. A liquid containing 3-fucosyllactose in an amount of L, 3'-sialyllactose in an amount of up to 0.36 g/L, and 6'-sialyllactose in an amount up to 0.44 g/L. 59. Use according to clause 56, wherein the composition comprises 1 wt.% to 10 wt.% of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, based on the total weight of the nutritional composition. A powder of a combination of 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. 60. Use according to any one of clauses 49 to 59, wherein the composition further comprises a probiotic blend comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus. 61. Use according to clause 60, wherein the probiotic blend contains 10 ⁵ colony forming units (CFU) to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium lactis, 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium infantis and 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Streptococcus thermophilus. 62. Use according to any one of clauses 49 to 61, wherein the composition is a nutritional composition comprising at least one of protein, carbohydrate and fat. 63. Use according to clause 62, wherein the nutritional composition further comprises dietary fiber, the dietary fiber comprising at least one of the following: fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, inulin, polydextrose, oat fiber, soybean fiber, gum arabic , sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, guar gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum, konjac powder, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, tragacanth gum, karaya gum, gum arabic, chitosan , arabinogalactan, glucomannan, xanthan gum, alginate, pectin, low methoxy pectin, high methoxy pectin, cereal beta-glucan, carrageenan, pectin Propagine, anti-digestive maltodextrin or combinations thereof. 64. For purposes under any of clauses 49 to 63, where the individual is an adult. 65. A nutritional composition for reducing odor associated with gas produced by an individual, the nutritional composition comprising: a) a mixture of human milk oligosaccharides comprising neutral human milk oligosaccharides and acidic human milk oligosaccharides; and b) Probiotic blend containing Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus. 66. A composition for use according to clause 65, wherein the nutritional composition reduces the amount of odor-causing components in the gas produced by the individual. 67. Compositions for use according to clause 66, wherein the odor-causing components comprise hydrogen sulfide. 68. Nutritional composition for use according to any one of clauses 65 to 67, wherein the neutral human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose and combinations thereof. One. 69. A nutritional composition for use according to any one of clauses 65 to 68, wherein the acidic human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and combinations thereof. 70. A nutritional composition for use according to any one of clauses 65 to 69, wherein the nutritional composition further comprises at least one of lactose-N-tetraose and lactose-N-neotetraose. 71. A nutritional composition for use according to any one of clauses 65 to 67, wherein the nutritional composition further comprises lactose-N-tetrasaccharide, the neutral human milk oligosaccharide comprising 2'-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose, and the acidic human milk oligosaccharide includes 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. 72. Nutritional composition for use according to clause 71, wherein the nutritional composition contains 0.001 g/L to 20 g/L of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, 3'- A liquid that is a combination of sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. 73. A nutritional composition for use according to clause 71, wherein the nutritional composition comprises 2'-fucosyllactose in an amount of up to 4.15 g/L, lactose-N-tetrahydrofuran in an amount of up to 2.11 g/L A liquid containing sugar, 3-fucosyllactose in an amount up to 1.17 g/L, 3'-sialyllactose in an amount up to 0.36 g/L, and 6'-sialyllactose in an amount up to 0.44 g/L. 74. A nutritional composition for use according to clause 71, wherein the nutritional composition comprises 1 wt.% to 10 wt.% of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3- A powder of a combination of fucosyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. 75. A nutritional composition for use according to any one of clauses 65 to 72, wherein the probiotic blend comprises 10 ⁵ colony forming units (CFU) to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium lactis, 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium infantis and 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Streptococcus thermophilus. 76. A nutritional composition for use according to any one of clauses 65 to 75, wherein the nutritional composition further comprises dietary fiber comprising at least one of the following: fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, inulin, Polydextrose, oat fiber, soybean fiber, gum arabic, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, guar gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum, konjac powder, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, tragacanth gum, Gum karaya, gum arabic, chitosan, arabinogalactan, glucomannan, xanthan gum, alginate, pectin, low methoxy pectin, high methoxy pectin, cereal beta -Glucan, carrageenan, psyllium, anti-digestive maltodextrin or combinations thereof. 77. A nutritional composition for use according to any one of clauses 65 to 76, wherein the individual is an adult. 78. Use of a nutritional composition for manufacturing a medicament for reducing odor associated with gas produced by an individual, the nutritional composition comprising: a) human milk oligosaccharides containing neutral human milk oligosaccharides and acidic human milk oligosaccharides. a mixture of sugars; and b) a probiotic blend comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus. 79. Use according to clause 78, wherein the nutritional composition reduces the amount of odor-causing components in the gas produced by the individual. 80. Uses under clause 79, wherein the odor-causing components contain hydrogen sulfide. 81. Use according to any one of clauses 78 to 80, wherein the neutral human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose and combinations thereof. 82. Use according to any one of clauses 78 to 81, wherein the acidic human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and combinations thereof. 83. Use according to any one of clauses 78 to 82, wherein the nutritional composition further comprises at least one of lactose-N-tetraose and lactose-N-neotetraose. 84. Use according to any one of clauses 78 to 80, wherein the nutritional composition further comprises lactose-N-tetrasaccharide, the neutral human milk oligosaccharide comprising 2'-fucosyllactose and 3-fucose yl lactose, and the acidic human milk oligosaccharide includes 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. 85. Use according to clause 84, wherein the nutritional composition contains 0.001 g/L to 20 g/L of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose, 6 '-A liquid that is a combination of sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. 86. Use according to clause 84, wherein the nutritional composition is comprising 2'-fucosyllactose in an amount of up to 4.15 g/L, lactose-N-tetraose in an amount of up to 2.11 g/L, and up to 1.17 g. A liquid containing 3-fucosyllactose in an amount of /L, 3'-sialyllactose in an amount of up to 0.36 g/L, and 6'-sialyllactose in an amount of up to 0.44 g/L. 87. Use according to clause 84, wherein the nutritional composition contains 1 wt.% to 10 wt.% of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose based on the total weight of the nutritional composition. , a powder of a combination of 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. 88. Use according to any one of clauses 78 to 87, wherein the probiotic blend contains 10 ⁵ colony forming units (CFU) to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium lactis, 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium infantis Fibrobacterium and 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Streptococcus thermophilus. 89. Use according to any one of clauses 78 to 88, wherein the nutritional composition further comprises dietary fiber, the dietary fiber comprising at least one of the following: fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, inulin, polydextrose, oat fiber , soy fiber, gum arabic, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, guar gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum, konjac powder, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, tragacanth gum, karaya gum, arabic Gum, chitosan, arabinogalactan, glucomannan, xanthan gum, alginate, pectin, low methoxy pectin, high methoxy pectin, cereal beta-glucan, Carrageenan, psyllium, anti-digestive maltodextrin or a combination thereof. 90. For purposes under any of clauses 78 to 89, where the individual is an adult.

without

Figure 1 is a bar graph showing changes in in vitro microbial biomass hydrogen sulfide ( _H2S ) production associated with five different processing conditions according to examples of the present disclosure.

Claims (42)

A method of reducing odors associated with gas produced by an individual, which method includes: administering to the subject a composition comprising a probiotic blend comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus, wherein administration of the composition reduces the amount of odor-causing components in the gas produced by the subject. The method of claim 1, wherein the odor-causing components comprise hydrogen sulfide. The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the probiotic blend includes 10 ⁵ colony forming units (CFU) to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium lactis, 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium infantis, and 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Streptococcus thermophilus. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composition further comprises human milk oligosaccharides. The method of claim 4, wherein the human milk oligosaccharide includes at least one of neutral human milk oligosaccharide or acidic human milk oligosaccharide. The method of claim 5, wherein the neutral human milk oligosaccharide includes at least one of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose and combinations thereof. The method of claim 5 or claim 6, wherein the acidic human milk oligosaccharide includes at least one of 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and combinations thereof. The method of any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the human milk oligosaccharide further comprises at least one of lactose-N-tetraose or lactose-N-neotetraose. The method of claim 8, wherein the human milk oligosaccharide further includes lactose-N-tetrasaccharide, the neutral human milk oligosaccharide includes 2''-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose, and the Acidic human milk oligosaccharides include 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. The method of claim 9, wherein the composition contains 0.001 g/L to 20 g/L of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose, 6'- A liquid combination of sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. The method of claim 9, wherein the composition comprises 2'-fucosyllactose in an amount of at most 4.15 g/L, lactose-N-tetrasaccharide in an amount of at most 2.11 g/L, and 1.17 g/L at most. A liquid containing 3-fucosyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose in an amount up to 0.36 g/L and 6'-sialyllactose in an amount up to 0.44 g/L. The method of claim 9, wherein the composition contains 1 wt.% to 10 wt.% of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, 3' based on the total weight of the composition. - Powder of a combination of sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the composition is a nutritional composition comprising at least one of protein, carbohydrate and fat. The method of claim 13, wherein the nutritional composition further includes dietary fiber, and the dietary fiber includes at least one of the following: fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, inulin, polydextrose, oat fiber, soybean fiber, gum arabic, Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, guar gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum, konjac powder, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, tragacanth gum, karaya gum, arabic gum, chitosan, Arabinogalactan, glucomannan, xanthan gum, alginate, pectin, low methoxy pectin, high methoxy pectin, cereal beta-glucan, carrageenan, psyllium seeds, anti-digestive maltodextrin or combinations thereof. The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the individual is an adult. A method of reducing odors associated with gas produced by an individual, which method includes: administering to the subject a composition comprising human milk oligosaccharides, wherein administration of the composition reduces the amount of odor-causing components in the gas produced by the subject. The method of claim 16, wherein the odor-causing components comprise hydrogen sulfide. The method of claim 16 or claim 17, wherein the human milk oligosaccharide includes at least one of neutral human milk oligosaccharide or acidic human milk oligosaccharide. The method of claim 18, wherein the neutral human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose and combinations thereof. The method of claim 18 or claim 19, wherein the acidic human milk oligosaccharide includes at least one of 3′-sialyllactose, 6’-sialyllactose and combinations thereof. The method of any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the human milk oligosaccharide further comprises at least one of lactose-N-tetraose or lactose-N-neotetraose. The method of claim 21, wherein the human milk oligosaccharide further includes lactose-N-tetrasaccharide, the neutral human milk oligosaccharide includes 2'-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose, and the acidic Human milk oligosaccharides include 3''-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. The method of claim 22, wherein the composition contains 0.001 g/L to 20 g/L of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose, 6'- A liquid combination of sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. The method of claim 22, wherein the composition comprises 2'-fucosyllactose in an amount of at most 4.15 g/L, lactose-N-tetraose in an amount of at most 2.11 g/L, and 2'-fucosyllactose in an amount of at most 2.11 g/L. A liquid containing 3-fucosyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose in an amount up to 0.36 g/L and 6'-sialyllactose in an amount up to 0.44 g/L. The method of claim 22, wherein the composition contains 1 wt.% to 10 wt.% of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, 3' based on the total weight of the composition. - Powder of a combination of sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. The method of any one of claims 16 to 25, wherein the composition further comprises a probiotic blend comprising Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus. The method of claim 26, wherein the probiotic blend includes 10 ⁵ colony forming units (CFU) to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium lactis, 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium infantis and 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Streptococcus thermophilus. The method of any one of claims 16 to 27, wherein the composition is a nutritional composition comprising at least one of protein, carbohydrate and fat. The method of claim 28, wherein the nutritional composition further includes dietary fiber, and the dietary fiber includes at least one of the following: fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, inulin, polydextrose, oat fiber, soybean fiber, gum arabic, Sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, guar gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum, konjac powder, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, tragacanth gum, karaya gum, arabic gum, chitosan, Arabinogalactan, glucomannan, xanthan gum, alginate, pectin, low methoxy pectin, high methoxy pectin, cereal beta-glucan, carrageenan, psyllium seeds, anti-digestive maltodextrin or combinations thereof. The method of any one of claims 16 to 30, wherein the individual is an adult. A method of reducing odors associated with gas produced by an individual, which method includes: The subject is administered a nutritional composition comprising: a) A mixture of human milk oligosaccharides containing neutral human milk oligosaccharides and acidic human milk oligosaccharides; and b) Probiotic blend containing Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus, wherein the gas produced by the individual after administration of the nutritional composition has a reduced amount of the odor-causing component as compared to the gas produced by the individual after administration of an otherwise identical nutritional composition excluding: i) acidic human milk oligosaccharides; ii) acidic human milk oligosaccharides; and iii) a probiotic blend containing Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium infantis and Streptococcus thermophilus. The method of claim 31, wherein the odor-causing components comprise hydrogen sulfide. The method of claim 31 or claim 32, wherein the neutral human milk oligosaccharide includes at least one of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose and combinations thereof. The method of any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the acidic human milk oligosaccharide comprises at least one of 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and combinations thereof. The method of any one of claims 31 to 34, wherein the nutritional composition further comprises at least one of lactose-N-tetraose or lactose-N-neotetraose. The method of claim 35, wherein the nutritional composition further includes lactose-N-tetrasaccharide, the neutral human milk oligosaccharide includes 2''-fucosyllactose and 3-fucosyllactose, and the acidic Human milk oligosaccharides include 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. The method of claim 36, wherein the nutritional composition contains 0.001 g/L to 20 g/L of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, 3'-sialyllactose, 6' -A liquid that is a combination of sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. The method of claim 36, wherein the nutritional composition comprises 2'-fucosyllactose in an amount of up to 4.15 g/L, lactose-N-tetraose in an amount of up to 2.11 g/L, and up to 1.17 g/L. A liquid containing 3-fucosyllactose in an amount of L, 3'-sialyllactose in an amount of up to 0.36 g/L, and 6'-sialyllactose in an amount up to 0.44 g/L. The method of claim 36, wherein the nutritional composition contains 1 wt.% to 10 wt.% of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, based on the total weight of the nutritional composition. A powder of a combination of 3'-sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose and lactose-N-tetrasaccharide. The method of any one of claims 31 to 39, wherein the probiotic blend includes 10 ⁵ colony forming units (CFU) to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium lactis, 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Bifidobacterium infantis coli and 10 ⁵ CFU to 10 ¹² CFU of Streptococcus thermophilus. The method of any one of claims 31 to 40, wherein the nutritional composition further includes dietary fiber, and the dietary fiber includes at least one of the following: fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, inulin, polydextrose, oat fiber, Soy fiber, gum arabic, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, guar gum, gellan gum, locust bean gum, konjac powder, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, gum tragacanth, karaya gum, gum arabic , chitosan, arabinogalactan, glucomannan, xanthan gum, alginate, pectin, low methoxy pectin, high methoxy pectin, cereal beta-glucan, corn Procarine, psyllium, anti-digestive maltodextrin or a combination thereof. The method of any one of claims 31 to 41, wherein the individual is an adult.