TW202338072A - Fuel composition and its method of manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

A manufacturing method of a fuel composition includes a preparation step, a mixing step, a shaping step, and an energy generating step. In this preparation step, at least one type of waste is obtained. In the mixing step, a cementitious material is mixed with the waste to form the fuel composition. In the molding step, the fuel composition is molded and the shape of the fuel composition is fixed by the cementing material, so that the fuel composition becomes a solid fuel that can be stored for a long time. In the energy generating step, the fuel composition is burned to generate usable energy.

Description

Fuel composition and method of making same

The present invention relates to a manufacturing method, in particular to a fuel composition that can be used as a solid fuel, and a manufacturing method of the fuel composition.

With the expansion of population and the progress of industry, the amount of waste generated has increased significantly compared with the past. In order to prevent large amounts of waste from causing more damage to the environment, relevant agencies have formulated regulations on waste recycling. Or energy regeneration policy, the main purpose is to reduce the impact of waste on the environment.

In terms of waste types, most of the waste is combustible, so incineration of waste is a better waste treatment method among the current waste treatment methods. In addition, in order to effectively utilize Energy, there is also a solid waste-derived fuel (RDF) technology, or another technology called solid recovered fuel (SRF). The main purpose is to crush, sort, and Processes such as drying, mixing additives, and molding are used to manufacture solid fuels. The main purpose of RDF or SRF is to have an average size, which can provide uniform combustion heat and can be stored for a long time.

In order to effectively control the particle size of RDF or SRF, granulation equipment is generally used to press the crushed waste under high pressure to form fuel particles of consistent size. Generally, the shape of fuel particles is cylindrical particles. For example , first obtain pure raw materials, such as log scraps or wood factory scraps, and then carry out crushing operations to crush the wood blocks into fine powder, then granulate, and press and granulate the fine wood powder under high pressure Through extrusion molding operations, solid recycled fuel can finally be obtained.

Although the current waste treatment method can use RDF or SRF technology to produce solid renewable fuel, it still has the following shortcomings in actual use:

1. Easy to deform: General granulation technology uses high pressure to compress waste in a powdered state so that the waste becomes a solid fuel in a granular state. However, the solid fuel formed in a granular state is simply pressed by high pressure, and the inside of the solid fuel has already The extruded materials are not linked to each other. The internal extruded materials are easily pushed outward due to the rebound force in the material, causing a change in shape and possible volume expansion. In addition, after high-pressure pressing The combined solid fuel has an extremely tight internal structure and is not easy to burn.

2. Not easy to store for a long time: Some wastes are organic materials that are easily corroded and spoiled by bacteria in the air. When the above wastes are made into solid fuel, they will be placed directly in warehouses for long-term storage, and vacuum packaging will not be used to isolate the outside air. Therefore, solid fuel is easily in contact with water and bacteria in the air. Over time, the quality of the solid fuel may easily deteriorate, making it difficult to store for a long time.

3. Failure to reduce pollution: Different types of waste have different combustion characteristics. Some burn slowly, while some coal-fired coal has a low flash point and has high volatility and rapid burning characteristics. Although it can burn quickly, it has such unstable combustion characteristics. It cannot be used as a raw material for solid fuel. If the boiler used is not suitable, incomplete combustion is likely to occur, eventually producing a large amount of ash or increasing air pollution.

Therefore, how to stabilize the combustion characteristics of solid fuel to reduce air pollution or the amount of residues, save energy use, and make the solid fuel non-deformable or non-deteriorative is an urgent goal for relevant technical personnel. .

In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a fuel composition.

The manufacturing method of the fuel composition includes a preparation step, a mixing step, a shaping step, and an energy creation step.

In this preparation step, at least one type of waste is obtained.

In the mixing step, a cementing material and the waste are mixed together to form the fuel composition.

In the shaping step, the fuel composition is shaped and the cementing material is used to fix the shape of the fuel composition.

In the energy creation step, the fuel composition is burned to generate utilizable energy.

Another technical means of the present invention is to use an alkaline material in the above mixing step to mix with the cementing material and the waste. The ingredients of the alkaline material are selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. One of them and a combination thereof, the component of the cementing material is selected from one of lime and silica and a combination thereof.

Another technical means of the present invention is that in the above-mentioned shaping step, when the fuel composition is shaped, water is added to the fuel composition, so that the alkaline material and the cementing material produce an alkali excitation reaction. The shape of the fuel composition is fixed.

Another technical means of the present invention is that in the above mixing step, the cementing material is an adhesive.

Another technical means of the present invention is that in the above collection step, the waste is selected from plastic, rubber, wood, cloth, plant residues, animal residues, sludge, coal, waste solvents, kitchen waste, leaves, One of the recovered oils and their combinations.

Another technical means of the present invention is that the above-mentioned manufacturing method of the fuel composition further includes a crushing step between the preparation step and the mixing step. In the crushing step, the waste is crushed to reduce the particle size.

Another technical means of the present invention is that the above-mentioned manufacturing method of the fuel composition further includes a proportioning step between the preparation step and the mixing step. In the preparation step, multiple types of wastes are obtained, and In the proportioning step, the proportions of the plurality of types of wastes are configured, and then the plurality of types of wastes are mixed together.

Another technical means of the present invention is that in the above preparation step, the fuel composition is classified according to the combustion characteristics of the waste to obtain a solid fuel type. In the energy creation step, the fuel composition is classified according to the corresponding Solid fuel type selects combustion temperature.

Another technical means of the present invention is that in the above shaping step, molding or extrusion is used for shaping.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel composition made by the above-mentioned manufacturing method. Based on the weight percentage of the fuel composition of 100%, the component ratio of the fuel composition is 0.1% to 0.1% by weight. 5% alkaline material, a weight percentage of 0.9% to 30% cementing material, and a weight percentage of 65% to 99% waste.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the cementing material can produce a cementing state in the waste to strengthen the structure of the fuel composition. It can be shaped without using a pressure molding machine. The obtained fuel composition can not only avoid The deformation of appearance can also avoid deterioration.

The relevant patented features and technical content of the present invention will be clearly presented in the following detailed description of the two preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings.

Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2, a first preferred embodiment of a method for manufacturing a fuel composition according to the present invention is shown. The method for manufacturing the fuel composition includes a preparation step 901, a crushing step 902, and a proportioning step 903. , a mixing step 904, a shaping step 905, and an energy creation step 906.

In the preparation step 901, at least one type of waste is obtained. In the first preferred embodiment, multiple types of waste are obtained. The types of waste can be selected from the group consisting of plastic, rubber, wood, cloth, Any one of plant residues, animal residues, sludge, coal, waste solvents, kitchen waste, leaves, recycled oil and their combinations. In actual implementation, combustible solid waste can be selected and should not be limited to this. .

In the preparation step 901, the waste can be stored in a centralized manner first. Preferably, the packaging method of the space package 31 can be used to store the waste. When the storage amount of the waste reaches a predetermined amount, the recycling operator can dispatch The truck 32 goes to carry the waste to the treatment plant. Since the waste has been stored using the space bag 31, the waste can be quickly hoisted to the truck 32, and the waste on the truck 32 can also be quickly unloaded. In actual implementation, the waste storage method can be placed directly in the waste concentration area without using a space package, or the waste transportation method can use shovel tools to move the waste to a gravel truck and then transport it to the treatment site. Other ways to collect the waste should not be limited to this.

In the crushing step 902, the waste is crushed to reduce the particle size. A crushing grinder 33 can be used in the waste disposal site to grind the waste with larger particles into powder or small particle size, where, Screens can be used to ensure the particle size of the ground powder. In addition to crushing and grinding the waste into a powder state, the size of the waste can also be reduced by chopping, tearing and cutting or other methods. For example, wood waste can be reduced into wood of less than 5cm by chopping. pieces, or waste fabrics reduced into pieces of less than 10cm by tearing or cutting.

In the proportioning step 903, the proportions of the plurality of types of waste are configured, and then the plurality of types of waste are mixed together. If the waste is of a single type, the proportioning step 903 does not need to be performed. The main purpose of the proportioning step 903 is to use the proportion of ingredients to formulate stable combustion characteristics, and to reduce the released exhaust gas or ash after combustion, so as to stabilize the combustion condition and enable the boiler to output stable energy.

For example, in the preparation step 901, waste paper, waste wood, and waste plastic are collected. Among them, waste plastic has a higher ignition point and has the disadvantage of being difficult to burn. If it is not completely burned, it will easily produce poisonous gas. The volatile matter content in paper is high, and waste gas is easily produced after burning. The biomass content in waste wood is high, and it is easy to burn quickly but the combustion state is not stable. Therefore, the heat generated during combustion is not easy to control. If the fuel If the composition is made from a single type of waste gas, it will have the above shortcomings, and it will easily exceed the specification as a solid fuel. Therefore, in the proportioning step 903 of this case, the above different types of waste can be mixed in an appropriate ratio. Together, the content of heavy metals and volatile matter can be reduced, and its combustion characteristics can be stabilized to serve as a fuel composition that meets specifications in the energy creation step 906 .

In the mixing step 904, an alkaline material, a cementing material, and the waste are mixed together to form the fuel composition. In the first preferred embodiment, the alkaline material is a catalyst, mainly The purpose is to generate an alkali stimulating reaction with the cementing material. Preferably, the component of the alkaline material is selected from one of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate and a combination thereof. The component of the cementing material is selected from the group consisting of lime, sodium silicate and lime. One of silicon oxide and its combination. In actual implementation, the alkaline material and the cementing material can use other materials that can generate alkali excitation, and should not be limited to this.

The proportion of ingredients in the fuel composition is: based on the weight percentage of the fuel composition of 100%, the fuel composition contains 0.1% to 5% by weight of alkaline materials and 0.9% to 30% by weight. Cementing material, and waste with a weight percentage of 65% to 99%. The content of the alkaline material and the cementing material does not need to be large. The main purpose is to fix the shape of the fuel composition. Therefore, in In actual use, just use a small amount of alkaline materials and cementing materials. Since the alkaline material and the cementing material contain a small amount of aluminum, silicon, calcium and other elements, aluminum is prone to hydrogen explosion during the combustion process and causes damage to the boiler. Silicon is not easy to burn and is easy to generate in the boiler. Bottom slag and calcium are also prone to crystallization after combustion. Therefore, the main purpose of the composition ratio of the alkaline material and the cementing material specified in this case is to fix the shape of the fuel composition with the least added components. Without forming the fuel composition into a very hard state, based on effectively controlling the content of the alkaline material and the cementing material and shaping the fuel composition, effectively suppressing hydrogen explosion and slag in the boiler, and The state of crystallization allows the fuel composition to burn stably.

Preferably, in the mixing step 904, the mixing mixer 34 can be used to mix and stir the powdered waste 41, the alkaline material, and the cementing material 42 into the uncured fuel composition 43, and the sprinkler 37 can be used to mix the uncured fuel composition 43. Appropriate water is sprayed on the surface of the fuel composition 43. The water can provide alkaline materials and cementing materials for alkali stimulation reaction. It is not necessary to add too much water. It only needs to provide the amount required for the alkali stimulation reaction. In actual implementation The alkaline material and the cementing material can also be sprayed on the surface of the waste to fix the shape of the surface. In addition, the sprinkler 37 can also use other things such as a humidifier, a sprayer, etc. The water adding technology should not be limited to the examples of this preferred embodiment.

In the shaping step 905, the fuel composition is shaped, and the alkali excitation reaction of the alkaline material and the cementing material is used to fix the shape of the fuel composition. In the first preferred embodiment, The mixed alkaline material, cementing material, and uncured fuel composition 43 of the waste are placed in the mold 35, and the shape of the fuel composition can be changed after waiting for the alkaline material and the cementing material to generate an alkali excitation reaction for a period of time. After being fixed, the fuel composition can be taken out from the mold 35 and can be turned into a block and placed in the warehouse 36. The plurality of fuel compositions can be placed in a stacked manner to be stored in the warehouse 36 for a long time, wherein the mold Block structures with dimensions of 2cm*2cm*8cm or 5cm*5cm*8cm can be produced. In actual implementation, the fuel composition can form other structures and should not be limited to this.

Since the alkali activation reaction takes a period of time, the uncured fuel composition 43 leaving the mixing mixer 34 needs to be placed into the mold 35 immediately, so that the alkaline material and the cementing material continue to generate an alkali activation reaction to combine the fuel. The shape of the object is fixed. This reaction mechanism is like a cement factory that adjusts the cement ratio and uses a cement mixer truck to move it to the construction site. After pouring the cement into the mold, it begins to shape.

In addition, in the shaping step 905, an extruder can be used to perform shaping by pressure extrusion, wherein the shape of the fuel composition extruded by the extruder can be a cylindrical shape. The diameter of the cylinder is between 6mm and 8mm. The length of the cylinder can be cut off naturally and the length can be controlled to <2.5cm. After molding, multiple fuel compositions can be put into containers (such as space bags or fuel barrels) and stored in In the warehouse 36, the fuel composition extruded by the extruder is still in an unformed state. After waiting for a period of time to solidify, the shape of the fuel composition can finally be fixed.

Among them, fuel compositions made from wood as raw materials can get 3000kcal/1kg, fuel compositions made from sludge as raw materials can get 2000kcal/1kg, and fuel compositions made from coal as raw materials can get 5000kcal/1kg. , the fuel composition made from plastic as raw material can obtain 8000~10000kcal/1kg, and the fuel composition made from waste solvent as raw material can obtain 1000~2000kcal/1kg. Based on the combustion characteristics of the waste and the fixed shape and fixed size fuel composition produced in the shaping step 905, the amount of heat that can be obtained after burning the fuel composition can be calculated, and the stable Combustion of the boiler, and the time to add the fuel composition can be calculated to avoid insufficient or too high temperature after combustion.

In the energy creation step 906, the fuel composition stored in the warehouse 36 is transported to the boiler plant 38 for burning the fuel composition to generate usable energy. The boiler plant 38 may be a power plant, with In order to convert thermal energy into electrical energy, the boiler plant 38 can also be a general factory for processing products using the thermal energy of combustion.

Among them, in the preparation step 901, the fuel composition can be classified according to the combustion characteristics of the waste to obtain a solid fuel type. In the energy creation step 906, the solid fuel type corresponding to the fuel composition can be classified The combustion temperature is selected to actually burn the fuel composition. The detailed description is as follows. Generally, the combustion temperature of boilers is between 300℃ and 600℃, which is suitable for burning materials with lower ignition points such as wood, natural fiber, and coal. The combustion temperature of gasification furnaces with higher combustion temperatures can be as high as 1200℃, which is suitable for It is suitable for burning plastics, waste solvents, sludge and other materials with higher ignition points. Therefore, when the waste type of the fuel composition is waste paper, waste wood or some waste with lower ignition points, the solid state of the fuel composition can be The fuel type is classified into general boilers. When the waste type of the fuel composition includes waste with high ignition point such as plastics and waste sludge, since the material itself is not easy to be completely burned, it is easy to produce pollution sources when used in general low-temperature boilers. Therefore, the solid fuel type of the fuel composition is classified into a high-temperature boiler, and in the energy creation step 906, the type of boiler to be used is selected based on the solid fuel type, and the fuel composition is used at an appropriate combustion temperature.

Please refer to Table 1 below, which is a composition analysis table of fuel compositions made from different wastes. From the test data of "calorific value", we can understand that although waste paper and waste wood can generate less heat than coal, they can be mixed with waste plastic It can provide more combustion heat. From the test data of "volatile matter content", it can be understood that waste paper and waste wood contain more volatile matter. The content of volatile matter can be reduced by mixing waste plastic, which can be further reduced. Regarding air pollution, it can be understood from the test data of "ash content" that there are more solid residues such as ash and residue left after burning waste paper and waste wood. When waste plastic is mixed with waste paper and waste wood into a fuel combination After the waste is processed, the ash content can be reduced. Therefore, in the proportioning step 903, the combustion characteristics of the different types of waste can be used to mix them into a fuel composition that increases heat and reduces pollution. sample Types of fuel compositions control waste paper Waste paper + waste plastic scrap wood Waste wood + waste plastic coal burning Moisture content M _ar % 4.77 23.22 9.26 23.36 19.4 _Mad % 2.34 15.64 10.14 14.63 15.3 calorific value Dry basis kcal/kg 5,331 6,214 4,432 6,183 6,292 MJ/kg 22.30 26.00 21.47 26.01 26.33 wet base kcal/kg 4,302 5,077 4,063 5,019 5,071 MJ/kg 18.00 21.24 17.00 21.00 21.22 Volatile content mg/kg 54.85 41.78 54.35 51.24 35.18 Ash content mg/kg 7.94 5.74 2.66 1.06 12.69 Biomass content % (heat ratio) 20 67.45 >90 29.52 0 Table I

In a second preferred embodiment of a fuel composition of the present invention, in the mixing step 904, a cementing material of an adhesive is used instead of an alkaline material. Among them, the cementing material can be resin, viscose, glue or other materials that can be bonded and shaped. The adhesive can dry up after a period of time and be shaped, or it can be shaped by chemical reaction using AB glue, which is relatively Preferably, in the mixing step 904, an adhesive with a slower setting time can be mixed with the waste, and then in the shaping step 905, it is injected into the mold and left for a period of time to make the fuel composition The shape is fixed and becomes a block structure. In actual implementation, the adhesive can be coated on the surface of the waste to fix the appearance of the fuel composition in a surface shaping manner. It should not be limited to this.

It is worth mentioning that whether the alkali activation reaction is used or the cementing material itself is used to solidify the fuel composition, the fuel composition can be shaped at room temperature, so that the fuel composition can be formed into an ingot-like structure. After being stored for a long time, and then moved to the boiler for the energy creation step 906 when needed, the cementing material will collapse in the high temperature environment of the boiler, so that the fuel composition no longer has fixed characteristics, small particles or powder state. The waste will be dispersed in the boiler, which is conducive to complete combustion. Therefore, the shaped size of the fuel composition will not affect the combustion situation. In the shaping step 905, a mold can be used to manufacture a larger-sized fuel composition. Fuel composition.

From the above description, it can be seen that the manufacturing method of a fuel composition of the present invention does have the following effects:

1. Will not deform: Since in the shaping step 905, the shape of the fuel composition is mainly determined by mold molding technology or extrusion technology, and then the cementing material is used to structurally fix the shape, the structure of the fuel composition does not Without being extruded by high pressure, the internal structure of the fuel composition is in a loose state and will not change its shape. Furthermore, the loose internal structure is easy for high temperatures and air to enter, making it easy to burn.

2. Not easy to deteriorate: Whether the alkaline material is used to generate an alkali activation reaction in the cementing material, or the cementing material itself is used to harden the cementing reaction, the cementing material can become a stable support structure. When the cementing material provides support for the fuel composition The structural shape can prevent the fuel composition from contacting the air, so that the fuel composition is not easy to deteriorate and can be stored for a long time.

3. Improve combustion efficiency and reduce pollution: The present invention uses a small amount of alkaline materials and cementing materials to provide the basic support structure of the fuel composition. It is by no means a structure that imparts strong pressure resistance. Therefore, the internal structure of the fuel composition is in a loose state, which is different from earlier uses. The granulation equipment produces a compact structure, and in the proportioning step 903, the possible The mixing ratio of the stable combustion fuel composition is used to reduce the exhaust gas and ash produced when the fuel composition is burned, and has the effect of reducing environmental pollution and improving combustion efficiency.

To sum up, the cementing material can use alkali-induced reaction or its own curing and cementing effect to fix the shape of the fuel composition. Therefore, there is no need to use granulation equipment during the manufacturing process, which can effectively save energy use, and the The cementing material provides the internal stable support structure of the fuel composition, which can prevent the fuel composition from deformation and deterioration. When the fuel composition is put into the boiler, the cementing material with the support structure will collapse due to high temperature, further causing the fuel composition to collapse. The combustible waste is dispersed in the boiler, which helps complete combustion to reduce environmental pollution, so the purpose of the present invention can indeed be achieved.

However, the above are only two preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention. That is, any simple equivalent changes made in accordance with the patent scope of the present invention and the description of the invention are Modifications are still within the scope of the patent of this invention.

31:Space bag 32: Truck 33: Crushing grinder 34: Mixing mixer 35:Mold 36:Warehouse 37:Sprinkler 38: Boiler factory 41:Waste 42: Cementing materials 43: Uncured fuel composition 901: Preparation steps 902: Crushing step 903: Proportioning steps 904: Mixing step 905: Shaping steps 906: Energy Creation Steps

Figure 1 is a flow chart illustrating the flow of a method for manufacturing a fuel composition of the present invention; and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic aspect of a manufacturing method of the fuel composition.

901: Preparation steps

902: Crushing step

903: Proportioning steps

904: Mixing step

905: Shaping steps

906: Energy Creation Steps

Claims (10)

A method for manufacturing a fuel composition, comprising the following steps: a preparation step to obtain at least one type of waste; a mixing step of mixing a cementing material and the waste together to form the fuel composition; A shaping step, shaping the fuel composition and using the cementing material to fix the shape of the fuel composition; and An energy creation step is to burn the fuel composition to produce utilizable energy. The manufacturing method of the fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein in the mixing step, an alkaline material is further used to mix with the cementing material and the waste, and the component of the alkaline material is selected from hydrogen. One of sodium oxide and sodium silicate and a combination thereof, the cementing material component is selected from one of lime and silica and a combination thereof. The manufacturing method of the fuel composition as described in claim 2, wherein in the shaping step, when the fuel composition is shaped, water is added to the fuel composition so that the alkaline material and the cementing material An alkali excitation reaction occurs to fix the shape of the fuel composition. The manufacturing method of the fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein in the mixing step, the cementing material is an adhesive. The manufacturing method of the fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein in the collecting step, the waste is selected from the group consisting of plastic, rubber, wood, cloth, plant residues, animal residues, sludge, coal, and waste solvents , food waste, leaves, recycled oil, and combinations thereof. The manufacturing method of the fuel composition according to claim 1 further includes a crushing step between the preparation step and the mixing step. In the crushing step, the waste is crushed to reduce the particle size. The manufacturing method of the fuel composition according to claim 1 further includes a proportioning step between the preparation step and the mixing step. In the preparation step, a plurality of types of wastes are obtained. In the proportioning step , arrange the proportions of the plurality of types of waste, and then mix the plurality of types of waste together. The manufacturing method of the fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein in the preparation step, the fuel composition is classified according to the combustion characteristics of the waste to obtain a solid fuel type, and in the energy creation step, according to The solid fuel type corresponding to the fuel composition selects the combustion temperature. The method for manufacturing a fuel composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the shaping step, the fuel composition is shaped using a mold or extrusion. A fuel composition made by the manufacturing method described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, based on 100% of the weight percentage of the fuel composition, the component ratio of the fuel composition is: 1. Alkaline material, weight percentage is 0.1%~5%; A cementing material, with a weight percentage of 0.9% to 30%; and 1. Waste, with a weight percentage of 65% to 99%.