TW202332722A - Polymer film and uses of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A polymer film and a laminated glass manufactured using the same are provided. The polymer film has a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface has a root mean square gradient (Sdq) of 1.5 to 3 and a root mean square height (Sq) of 8 [mu]m to 20 [mu]m, wherein Sdq and Sq are defined in accordance with ISO 25178-2:2012.

Description

Polymer films and their applications

The present invention relates to a polymer film, in particular to a polymer film whose surface has a specific root mean square slope and root mean square height and is suitable for pre-pressing by vacuum method. The invention also relates to a laminated glass produced from the polymer film.

Laminated glass is a glass material with a composite structure in which a polymer film is sandwiched between two glass sheets, and the glass sheets and the polymer film are tightly bonded through thermal compression. Laminated glass is widely used in the automotive and construction industries because of its excellent impact resistance and sound insulation.

Since the preparation process of laminated glass involves thermal pressing between the glass sheet and the polymer film, in order to avoid air remaining between the glass sheet and the polymer film of the laminated glass, the surface of the polymer film is usually embossed in advance to form a pattern. (That is, designing a concave and convex structure) so that air can be smoothly discharged during pre-pressing, thereby avoiding the generation of bubbles in the laminated glass. Generally speaking, pre-pressing methods can be divided into vacuum method and pressure wheel method. In the vacuum method, due to the long heating time, if the surface texture of the polymer film collapses too quickly or too slowly, the glass sheet and the polymer film will be edge-sealed early and the bubbles in the middle will not be completely discharged, or the polymer will The surface texture of the film cannot be completely eliminated, resulting in incomplete discharge of air bubbles. All the above situations will lead to poor transparency or bubble defects in the laminated glass produced.

The inventor found through research that the above problem can unexpectedly be solved by controlling the root mean square gradient (Sdq) and the root mean square height (Sq) on the surface of the polymer film. Accordingly, the present invention is directed to a polymer film having a specific root mean square slope and root mean square height. The polymer film of the present invention can achieve excellent pre-pressing effect in the vacuum pre-pressing process of laminated glass, and the produced laminated glass has no bubble defects and excellent weather resistance (herein referred to as "high temperature bubble test" Results are shown).

Specifically, one object of the present invention is to provide a polymer film, wherein the polymer film has a first surface and a second surface, wherein the root mean square slope (Sdq) of the first surface is 1.5 to 3, and the first surface The root mean square height (Sq) of the surface is 8 microns to 20 microns, where the definitions of Sdq and Sq are based on ISO 25178-2:2012.

In some embodiments of the present invention, Sdq of the second surface is 1.5 to 3 and Sq of the second surface is 8 microns to 20 microns.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the polymer film has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 5°C to 30°C.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the polymer film includes polyvinylacetal.

In some embodiments of the present invention, polyvinyl acetal can be selected from the following groups: poly(vinyl formal), poly(vinyl acetal), poly(vinyl alcohol). poly(vinyl butyral), poly(vinyl valeral), poly(vinyl hexaacetal), and combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polyvinyl acetal is poly(vinyl butyral).

In some embodiments of the present invention, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyvinyl acetal is 230,000 to 280,000.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the polymer film further includes a plasticizer.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the content of the plasticizer is 30 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the polymer film has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 2.5 mm.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a laminated glass, which includes a first glass sheet, a second glass sheet, and an intermediate film located between the first glass sheet and the second glass sheet. The intermediate film is composed of the above The polymer film provided.

In order to make the above objects, technical features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, some specific implementation aspects are described in detail below.

Some specific implementations according to the present invention will be described in detail below; however, the present invention can still be practiced in many different forms, and the protection scope of the present invention should not be limited to the specific implementations.

Unless otherwise stated, the terms "a", "the" and similar terms used in this specification and the patent claims shall be understood to include both the singular and the plural.

Unless otherwise stated, the terms “first”, “second” and similar terms used in this specification and the scope of the patent application are only used to distinguish the described elements or components. They have no special meanings and are not used. In the order of representation.

In this specification and the scope of the patent application, the term "root mean square slope (Sdq)" is defined in accordance with ISO 25178-2:2012. The root mean square slope (Sdq) refers to the root mean square value of the slope of each point on the surface within a specified range, and can be used to express the steepness of the surface. When the surface is completely flat, Sdq is 0. The larger Sdq is, the steeper the slope of the surface is. For example, when the surface is a uniform 45-degree slope, Sdq is 1.

In this specification and patent application, the term "root mean square height (Sq)" is defined in accordance with ISO 25178-2:2012. The root mean square height (Sq) refers to the root mean square value of the height of each point on the surface within a specified range, which is equivalent to the standard deviation of the height. Sq represents the high consistency of the texture. The smaller the Sq, the higher the consistency of the texture. The larger the Sq, the greater the height difference of the texture and the lower the consistency.

Compared with the prior art, the effect of the present invention is to provide a polymer film with a specific root mean square slope and root mean square height, and to use the polymer film to provide laminated glass with good transparency and no bubble defects and no white fog defects. The polymer film of the present invention is particularly suitable for pre-lamination using a vacuum method. The following provides a detailed description of the polymer membrane of the present invention and its related applications.

1. polymer film

1.1. Surface Characteristics of Polymer Films

During the preparation process of laminated glass, in order to allow air to be discharged smoothly without remaining between the polymer film and the glass sheet, the surface of the polymer film needs to be textured (i.e., a specific concave-convex structure) to facilitate the pre-lamination process. Exhaust. During pre-lamination, the gas between the glass and the polymer film is exhausted in all directions, not just in a single direction. That is, the exhaust problem occurs in a two-dimensional space (ie, surface). In this regard, the inventor found that the problem of preloading laminated glass using the vacuum method can be solved by controlling parameters such as the root mean square slope (Sdq) and the root mean square height (Sq) of the polymer film surface within a specific range. The exhaust problems faced at the right time can achieve the best exhaust results without bubble defects or white fog defects, and the laminated glass produced has excellent weather resistance (shown by the "high temperature bubble test" contained in this article) . The Sdq and Sq are parameters related to surface roughness. For relevant descriptions of Sdq and Sq parameters, please refer to ISO25178-2:2012, which is a measurement specification used to evaluate surface topography. Its full text is hereby included. For reference.

Specifically, the polymer film of the present invention has a first surface and a second surface, wherein the Sdq of the first surface is 1.5 to 3, such as 1.5, 1.51, 1.52, 1.53, 1.54, 1.55, 1.56, 1.57, 1.58, 1.59 ,1.6,1.61,1.62,1.63,1.64,1.65,1.66,1.67,1.68,1.69,1.7,1.71,1.72,1.73,1.74,1.75,1.76,1.77,1.78,1.79,1.8,1.81,1.82,1.83,1.8 4 , 1.85, 1.86, 1.87, 1.88, 1.89, 1.9, 1.91, 1.92, 1.94, 1.95, 1.96, 1.97, 1.98, 2.01, 2.03, 2.07, 2.07, 2.08, 2.08, 2.09 ,2.1,2.11,2.12,2.13,2.14,2.15,2.16,2.17,2.18,2.19,2.2,2.21,2.22,2.23,2.24,2.25,2.26,2.27,2.28,2.29,2.3,2.31,2.32,2.33,2.3 4 . 59 ,2.6,2.61,2.62,2.63,2.64,2.65,2.66,2.67,2.68,2.69,2.7,2.71,2.72,2.73,2.74,2.75,2.76,2.77,2.78,2.79,2.8,2.81,2.82,2.83,2.8 4 , 2.85, 2.86, 2.87, 2.88, 2.89, 2.9, 2.91, 2.92, 2.93, 2.94, 2.95, 2.96, 2.97, 2.98, 2.99, or 3, or within the range composed of any two of the above values. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Sdq of the first surface is 1.8 to 2.45. Research shows that controlling the Sdq value of the first surface of the polymer film within a specified range can improve the exhaust effect during vacuum pre-lamination and avoid early edge sealing of the glass sheet and polymer film or failure of the surface texture of the polymer film. are completely eliminated, bubble defects will not occur in the pre-laminated laminated glass, and white fog defects can also be effectively suppressed. The "white fog defect" is a phenomenon caused by a small amount of gas remaining in the polymer film. When the white fog defect is slight, the residual gas can dissolve into the polymer film during the positive lamination of the laminated glass, causing white fog. The defect disappears, which is called "gas storage" phenomenon.

In addition, Sq of the first surface is 8 microns to 20 microns, such as 8 microns, 8.1 microns, 8.2 microns, 8.3 microns, 8.4 microns, 8.5 microns, 8.6 microns, 8.7 microns, 8.8 microns, 8.9 microns, 9 microns, 9.1 microns , 9.2 micron, 9.3 micron, 9.4 micron, 9.5 micron, 9.6 micron, 9.7 micron, 9.8 micron, 9.9 micron, 10 micron, 10.1 micron, 10.2 micron, 10.3 micron, 10.4 micron, 10.5 micron, 10.6 micron, 10.7 micron, 10.8 Micron, 10.9 micron, 11 micron, 11.1 micron, 11.2 micron, 11.3 micron, 11.4 micron, 11.5 micron, 11.6 micron, 11.7 micron, 11.8 micron, 11.9 micron, 12 micron, 12.1 micron, 12.2 micron, 12.3 micron, 12.4 micron, 12.5 micron, 12.6 micron, 12.7 micron, 12.8 micron, 12.9 micron, 13 micron, 13.1 micron, 13.2 micron, 13.3 micron, 13.4 micron, 13.5 micron, 13.6 micron, 13.7 micron, 13.8 micron, 13.9 micron, 14 micron, 14.1 micron , 14.2 micron, 14.3 micron, 14.4 micron, 14.5 micron, 14.6 micron, 14.7 micron, 14.8 micron, 14.9 micron, 15 micron, 15.1 micron, 15.2 micron, 15.3 micron, 15.4 micron, 15.5 micron, 15.6 micron, 15.7 micron, 15.8 Micron, 15.9 micron, 16 micron, 16.1 micron, 16.2 micron, 16.3 micron, 16.4 micron, 16.5 micron, 16.6 micron, 16.7 micron, 16.8 micron, 16.9 micron, 17 micron, 17.1 micron, 17.2 micron, 17.3 micron, 17.4 micron, 17.5 micron, 17.6 micron, 17.7 micron, 17.8 micron, 17.9 micron, 18 micron, 18.1 micron, 18.2 micron, 18.3 micron, 18.4 micron, 18.5 micron, 18.6 micron, 18.7 micron, 18.8 micron, 18.9 micron, 19 micron, 19.1 micron , 19.2 microns, 19.3 microns, 19.4 microns, 19.5 microns, 19.6 microns, 19.7 microns, 19.8 microns, 19.9 microns, or 20 microns, or within the range composed of any two of the above values. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Sq of the first surface is 8.5 microns to 14.5 microns. Research shows that controlling the Sdq value and Sq value of the first surface of the polymer film within the specified range can achieve the best exhaust effect during vacuum pre-lamination. The white mist of the laminated glass after pre-lamination There are few defects, even no white fog defects, and there are no bubble defects in the laminated glass after positive lamination. At the same time, the produced laminated glass has excellent weather resistance (the "high temperature bubble test" result is excellent), covering the white fog. Although the residual gas from defects can be dissolved into the polymer film during the positive lamination process of the laminated glass, if there is too much gas (trapped gas) dissolved into the polymer film, it will still cause damage after long-term use or under harsh conditions. Bubbles formed in laminated glass due to dissolution of the polymer film.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second surface of the polymer film also has the above-mentioned Sdq and Sq characteristics, that is, the Sdq of the second surface is 1.5 to 3, and the Sq is 8 microns to 20 microns. For specific numerical examples of Sdq and Sq on the second surface, please refer to the relevant description of the first surface, and will not be described again here.

1.2. The composition of polymer films

The polymer film of the present invention contains polyvinyl acetal as an essential component, and may further contain other optional components, such as plasticizers or other conventional additives, if necessary. In some embodiments of the present invention, the polymer film contains polyvinyl acetal and a plasticizer, or the polymer film is essentially composed of polyvinyl acetal and a plasticizer, or the polymer film is Composed of polyvinyl acetal and plasticizer.

The polymer film of the present invention can be a single-layer film composed of a single layer, or a multi-layer film composed of multiple layers, as long as the polymer film as a whole meets the specified conditions of Sdq and Sq. In the case where the polymer film is a multi-layer film, the materials of each layer of the polymer film can be the same or different, and each can play the same or different functional layer. The functional layer can be, for example, a layer that can provide one or more of the following functions: Sound insulation function, heat insulation function, reflection function, anti-reflection function, refraction function, anti-refraction function, light splitting function, and light reduction function.

1.2.1. polyvinyl acetal

Examples of polyvinyl acetals include, but are not limited to, poly(vinyl formal), poly(vinyl acetal), poly(vinyl butyral), poly(vinyl valeral), and poly(ethylene hexaacetal). Each of the aforementioned polyvinyl acetals can be used individually or in combination. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polyvinyl acetal is poly(vinyl butyral). In the following examples, the polymer film is composed of poly(vinyl butyral) and plasticizer.

The molecular weight of polyvinyl acetal is not particularly limited. In some embodiments of the present invention, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyvinyl acetal may be 230,000 to 280,000, such as 230,000, 230,500, 231,000, 231,500, 232,000, 232,500, 233,000, 233,500, 234,000, 234,50 0. 235,000 , 235,500, 236,000, 236,500, 237,000, 237,500, 238,000, 238,500, 239,000, 239,500, 240,000, 240,500, 241,000, 241,500, 242,000, 242,500, 243,000, 243,500, 244,000, 244,500, 245,000, 245,500, 246,000, 246,500, 247,000, 247,500 , 248,000, 248,500, 249,000, 249,500, 250,000, 250,500, 251,000, 251,500, 252,000, 252,500, 253,000, 253,500, 254,000, 254,500, 255,000, 255,500, 256,000, 256,500, 257,000, 257,500, 258,000, 258,500, 259,000, 259,500, 260,000 , 260,500, 261,000, 261,500, 262,000, 262,500, 263,000, 263,500, 264,000, 264,500, 265,000, 265,500, 266,000, 266,500, 267,000, 267,500, 268,000, 268,500, 269,000, 269,500, 270,000, 270,500, 271,000, 271,500, 272,000, 272,500 , 273,000, 273,500, 274,000, 274,500, 275,000, 275,500, 276,000, 276,500, 277,000, 277,500, 278,000, 278,500, 279,000, 279,500, or 280,000 , or within the range composed of any two of the above numerical values, but the present invention does not This is the limit. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Mw of polyvinyl acetal is 240,000 to 260,000.

In some embodiments of the present invention, based on the total molar number of hydroxyl groups, acetal groups, and acetyl groups of the polyvinyl acetal, the polyvinyl acetal may have a mole content of 69 mol% to 75 mol%. Acetal group content (ie, degree of acetal), such as 69 mol%, 69.1 mol%, 69.2 mol%, 69.3 mol%, 69.4 mol%, 69.5 mol%, 69.6 mol%, 69.7 mol% Ear%, 69.8 Mol%, 69.9 Mol%, 70 Mol%, 70.1 Mol%, 70.2 Mol%, 70.3 Mol%, 70.4 Mol%, 70.5 Mol%, 70.6 Mol%, 70.7 Mol% Ear%, 70.8 Mol%, 70.9 Mol%, 71 Mol%, 71.1 Mol%, 71.2 Mol%, 71.3 Mol%, 71.4 Mol%, 71.5 Mol%, 71.6 Mol%, 71.7 Mol% 71.8 mol%, 71.9 mol%, 72 mol%, 72.1 mol%, 72.2 mol%, 72.3 mol%, 72.4 mol%, 72.5 mol%, 72.6 mol%, 72.7 mol% 72.8 mol%, 72.9 mol%, 73 mol%, 73.1 mol%, 73.2 mol%, 73.3 mol%, 73.4 mol%, 73.5 mol%, 73.6 mol%, 73.7 mol% 73.8 mol%, 73.9 mol%, 74 mol%, 74.1 mol%, 74.2 mol%, 74.3 mol%, 74.4 mol%, 74.5 mol%, 74.6 mol%, 74.7 mol% mol%, 74.8 mol%, 74.9 mol%, or 75 mol%, or within the range composed of any two of the above values. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the total molar number of hydroxyl groups, acetal groups, and acetyl groups of the polyvinyl acetal, the polyvinyl acetal can have 71.4 mol% to 73 mol%. The acetal group content (i.e., degree of acetalization).

In some embodiments of the present invention, based on the total molar number of hydroxyl groups, acetal groups, and acetyl groups of the polyvinyl acetal, the polyvinyl acetal may have a content of 0 mol% to 1.0 mol%. Acetyl content (ie, acetyl degree), such as 0 mol%, 0.05 mol%, 0.1 mol%, 0.15 mol%, 0.2 mol%, 0.25 mol%, 0.3 mol%, 0.35 mol% 0.4 mol%, 0.45 mol%, 0.5 mol%, 0.55 mol%, 0.6 mol%, 0.65 mol%, 0.7 mol%, 0.75 mol%, 0.8 mol%, 0.85 mol% mol%, 0.9 mol%, 0.95 mol%, or 1.0 mol%, or within the range composed of any two of the above values. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the total molar number of hydroxyl groups, acetal groups, and acetyl groups of the polyvinyl acetal, the polyvinyl acetal may have 0 mol% to 0.6 mol%. The acetyl content (i.e., degree of acetyl). If the acetyl content of the polyvinyl acetal is higher than the specified range, the polymer film will be relatively soft and the embossed pattern will easily be too deep.

In some embodiments of the present invention, based on the total molar number of hydroxyl groups, acetal groups, and acetyl groups of the polyvinyl acetal, the polyvinyl acetal may have a mole content of 25 to 30 mol%. Hydroxyl content, such as 25 mol%, 25.1 mol%, 25.2 mol%, 25.3 mol%, 25.4 mol%, 25.5 mol%, 25.6 mol%, 25.7 mol%, 25.8 mol%, 25.9 Mol%, 26 Mol%, 26.1 Mol%, 26.2 Mol%, 26.3 Mol%, 26.4 Mol%, 26.5 Mol%, 26.6 Mol%, 26.7 Mol%, 26.8 Mol%, 26.9 Mol%, 27 Mol%, 27.1 Mol%, 27.2 Mol%, 27.3 Mol%, 27.4 Mol%, 27.5 Mol%, 27.6 Mol%, 27.7 Mol%, 27.8 Mol%, 27.9 Mol%, 28 Mol%, 28.1 Mol%, 28.2 Mol%, 28.3 Mol%, 28.4 Mol%, 28.5 Mol%, 28.6 Mol%, 28.7 Mol%, 28.8 Mol%, 28.9 Mol%, 29 Mol%, 29.1 Mol%, 29.2 Mol%, 29.3 Mol%, 29.4 Mol%, 29.5 Mol%, 29.6 Mol%, 29.7 Mol%, 29.8 Mol%, 29.9 Mol%, or 30 mol%, or within the range composed of any two of the above values. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the total molar number of hydroxyl groups, acetal groups, and acetyl groups of the polyvinyl acetal, the polyvinyl acetal can have 27 mol% to 29 mol%. hydroxyl content. If the hydroxyl content of polyvinyl acetal is higher than the specified range, the polymer film will be relatively hard and difficult to form embossed patterns. If the hydroxyl content of polyvinyl acetal is lower than the specified range, the polymer film will be relatively soft and the embossed pattern will easily be too deep.

1.2.2. Plasticizer

In this article, plasticizer refers to a chemical substance that can change the plasticity of thermoplastic resin, and may also be called a plasticizer. Examples of plasticizers include, but are not limited to, esters of polybasic acids or polyhydric alcohols, such as triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate), tetraethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate), -Ethylhexanoate), triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylbutyrate), tetraethylene glycol bis(2-ethylbutyrate), triethylene glycol diheptanoate, tetraethylene glycol Alcohol dihexanate, dihexyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, cyclohexylhexyl adipate, diisononyl adipate, heptyl nonyl adipate, dibutyl sebacate , bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl adipate], polymeric adipate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, tripropylene glycol dibenzoate, polypropylene glycol Dibenzoate, isodecyl benzoate, 2-ethylhexyl benzoate, propylene glycol dibenzoate, diisononyl phthalate, dibutoxyethyl terephthalate, trigonite Sesame oil, methyl ricinoleate, soybean oil, epoxidized soybean oil, and combinations thereof. In the attached examples, triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) is used as the plasticizer.

There is no special limit on the amount of plasticizer, as long as it can provide the desired plasticizing effect. Generally speaking, the amount of plasticizer can be controlled at 30 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal, such as 30 parts by weight, 31 parts by weight, 32 parts by weight, 33 parts by weight, 34 parts by weight. Parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 36 parts by weight, 37 parts by weight, 38 parts by weight, 39 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 41 parts by weight, 42 parts by weight, 43 parts by weight, 44 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 46 parts by weight , 47 parts by weight, 48 parts by weight, 49 parts by weight, or 50 parts by weight, or within the range composed of any two of the above values. In some embodiments of the present invention, the amount of plasticizer is 35 to 45 parts by weight.

1.2.3. Other common knowledge added agent

Conventional additives may include any substance that is adaptable to improve the processability of the polymer film during the manufacturing process, or to impart specific functions to the polymer film. Examples of conventional additives include, but are not limited to, dyes, pigments, stabilizers, antioxidants, flame retardants, infrared absorbers, infrared blockers, ultraviolet absorbers, ultraviolet stabilizers, lubricants, dispersants, surfactants, chelates Mixtures, coupling agents, adhesives, and adhesion control agents. Each of the aforementioned additives can be used alone or in combination. For example, the polymer film may include a dye or a pigment to form a colored polymer film, or an ultraviolet absorber or an infrared absorber to form a polymer film with anti-ultraviolet function or a polymer film with anti-infrared function.

1.3. Other properties of polymer films

1.3.1. Glass transition temperature ( Tg )

In some embodiments of the present invention, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer film can be controlled between 5°C and 30°C, such as 5°C, 5.5°C, 6°C, 6.5°C, 7°C. C, 7.5°C, 8°C, 8.5°C, 9°C, 9.5°C, 10°C, 10.5°C, 11°C, 11.5°C, 12°C, 12.5°C, 13°C, 13.5°C, 14°C, 14.5°C, 15°C, 15.5°C, 16°C, 16.5°C, 17°C, 17.5°C, 18°C, 18.5°C, 19°C, 19.5° C, 20°C, 20.5°C, 21°C, 21.5°C, 22°C, 22.5°C, 23°C, 23.5°C, 24°C, 24.5°C, 25°C, 25.5°C, 26°C, 26.5°C, 27°C, 27.5°C, 28°C, 28.5°C, 29°C, 29.5°C, or 30°C, or within the range consisting of any two of the above values . If the Tg of the polymer film is higher than the specified range, the polymer film is relatively hard and it may be difficult to form the desired pattern during mechanical embossing. If the Tg of the polymer film is lower than the specified range, the polymer film is relatively soft and the embossed pattern formed when mechanical embossing is performed is too deep. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polymer film has a Tg of 10°C to 25°C.

1.3.2. thickness

Under the conditions of meeting the specified Sdq and Sq, the thickness of the polymer film of the present invention can be adjusted according to actual needs. Generally speaking, the thickness of the polymer film can be from 0.1 mm to 2.5 mm, such as 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.45 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.6 mm , 0.65 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.75 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.85 mm, 0.9 mm, 0.95 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.05 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.15 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.25 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.35 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.45 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.55 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.65 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.75 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.85 mm, 1.9 mm, 1.95 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.05 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.15 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.25 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.35 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.45 mm, or 2.5 mm, or within the range composed of any two of the above values. In the following examples, the thickness of the polymer film is 0.76 mm.

1.4. Preparation of polymer films

The preparation method of the polymer film of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, polyvinyl acetal and selected ingredients (such as plasticizers) can be mixed and kneaded to obtain a polymer film composition, and then conventional film preparation methods can be used to prepare the polymer film composition. The polymer film composition is formed into a film and mechanically embossed to facilitate providing the desired Sdq and Sq on the surface of the polymer film. Examples of the film preparation methods include, but are not limited to, calendering, casting, extrusion tentering, direct extrusion, and extrusion blow molding.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the polymer film is prepared in the following manner, but the present invention is not limited thereto: using a mixer to mix resinous polyvinyl acetal and plasticizer at 150°C to Mix at a temperature of 250°C and a rotation speed of 100 to 250 rpm, and knead for 5 to 30 minutes to obtain a polymer film composition. After the polymer film composition is cooled to room temperature, the polymer film composition is placed in an extruder and extruded into a polymer film. The above film-forming steps may be repeated as necessary and the composition of the polymer film composition may be adjusted to provide films with different functions, and each film may be laminated to form a polymer film with a multi-layer structure.

The polymer film can then provide the desired Sdq and Sq through preheating and mechanical embossing. Mechanical embossing refers to using rollers to create textures on the surface of the formed polymer film. Mechanical embossing methods include but are not limited to the embossing wheel method and the calendering wheel method, among which the embossing wheel method is better. There are no special restrictions on the texture patterns of mechanical embossing, including rhombus, linear, zigzag, square, cone, circle, approximately circle, and irregular shapes. Each of the aforementioned texture styles can be used individually, or multiple types can be used at the same time.

The preheating and mechanical embossing conditions are adaptively adjusted according to the composition of the polymer film used. Generally speaking, the preheating wheel temperature may be from 10°C to 100°C, specifically from 30°C to 90°C, and more specifically from 65°C to 85°C. The embossed wheel temperature may be 10°C to 150°C, specifically 80°C to 140°C, more specifically 120°C to 135°C. The torque of the embossing wheel can be 0.1 N·m (Newton meters) to 1.6 N·m, specifically 0.5 N·m to 1.4 N·m, more specifically 0.8 N·m to 1.3 N·m. The pressure of the embossing wheel can be 2 kg/cm ² (kg/square centimeter) to 50 kg/cm ² , specifically 10 kg/cm ² to 45 kg/cm ² , more specifically 30 kg/cm ² to 40 kg/cm ² .

Regarding the Sdq and Sq properties of the polymer film, the study found that the Sdq and Sq of the polymer film can be adjusted through the preheating wheel temperature, the embossing wheel temperature, the embossing wheel pressure and the embossing wheel torque. The greater the preheating wheel temperature, embossing wheel temperature and embossing wheel torque, the greater the Sdq of the polymer film. Generally speaking, the higher the temperature of the preheating wheel and the embossing wheel, the softer the polymer film becomes and it is easier to emboss deeper lines, while the higher the torque of the embossing wheel, the more it will destroy the uniformity of the lines on the surface of the polymer film. , so the higher Sdq. In addition, the greater the preheating wheel temperature, the pattern wheel temperature and the pattern wheel pressure, the greater the Sq of the polymer film. Generally speaking, the higher the pressure of the embossing wheel, the more it can destroy the consistency of the height of each point on the surface of the polymer film, so the higher the Sq.

2. Laminated glass

The polymer film of the present invention can be used to prepare laminated glass. Therefore, the present invention also provides a laminated glass, which includes a first glass sheet, a second glass sheet, and an intermediate film located between the first glass sheet and the second glass sheet. The intermediate film is made of the polymer as described above. Provided by the film.

The first glass sheet and the second glass sheet may be the same or different, and may be any glass sheet conventionally used to prepare laminated glass, such as float glass, tempered glass, wired glass, or ordinary flat glass, but this invention The invention is not limited to this. In the following embodiments, float glass is used as the first glass sheet and the second glass sheet.

The laminated glass of the present invention can be produced by conventional laminated glass preparation methods in the relevant technical fields. For example, laminated glass can be prepared as follows: a polymer film is sandwiched between two glass sheets to obtain a laminate, which is placed in a vacuum bag and heated at a temperature of 20°C to 30°C. Apply vacuum (vacuum degree >500 mmHg (millimeters of mercury), such as 600 mmHg to 700 mmHg) for at least 10 minutes, then place the vacuum bag containing the laminate into the heating furnace and slowly increase the temperature from 60°C to 150°C. C. After at least 15 minutes, take the vacuum bag out of the heating furnace and complete the pre-pressing. The surface temperature of the glass sheet of the obtained prelaminated laminate was 90°C to 110°C. Then, the pre-pressed laminate is placed in an autoclave for forward pressing, and hot-pressed under high temperature and high pressure conditions for 100 to 150 minutes to prepare laminated glass. Generally speaking, the high temperature and high pressure conditions may be a pressure of 10 bar to 15 bar and a temperature of 100°C to 150°C.

3. Example

3.1. Measurement method description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific embodiments, in which the measuring instruments and methods used are as follows:

[Measurement of molecular weight of polyvinyl acetal]

The molecular weight distribution of polyvinyl acetal is measured using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The polyvinyl acetal is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF), and GPC analysis is performed under the following conditions. And calculate its molecular weight based on the ratio of the area of the corresponding polystyrene standard (Waters PS STD). Device: Waters 1515 PUMP system Detector: Waters 2414 RI Extraction conditions: 1.0 ml/min (mL/min), THF Column: Waters Styragel HR5 THF, Waters Styragel HR4 THF, Waters Styragel HR3 THF, Waters Styragel HR1 THF

[Measurement of acetal degree, acetyl degree and hydroxyl content of polyvinyl acetal]

The acetal degree, acetyl degree and hydroxyl content of polyvinyl acetal are measured according to JIS K6728.

[Measurement of glass transition temperature (Tg)]

The Tg of the polymer film was measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (model: TA DSC 25, purchased from TA Instruments) under nitrogen atmosphere. First, take 7 mg of polymer film as a sample and place it on the sample stage of the differential scanning calorimeter. The temperature is raised to 150°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min and then maintained at this temperature for 5 minutes. Next, the sample was equilibrated at -50°C and maintained at this temperature for 5 minutes. Then, the temperature was increased to 100°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min to obtain a curve of temperature versus heat flow (X-axis). is the temperature, the Y-axis is the heat flow), and the temperature corresponding to the glass transition midpoint (midpoint) is recorded as Tg.

[Measurement of Sdq and Sq]

First, select three parts at both ends and the middle in the width direction of the polymer film, and cut them into three test samples of 3 cm x 3 cm. At a temperature of 24±3°C and a relative humidity of 63±3%, a laser scanning conjugate microscope (model: LEXT OLS5000-SAF) was used in accordance with the specifications of ISO 25178-2:2012. (purchased from Olympus) to analyze the surface texture of the polymer film, and the Sdq and Sq of the polymer film can be obtained. The Sdq and Sq of the three test samples were averaged to obtain the Sdq and Sq of each polymer film. The detailed analysis conditions are as follows: the light source has a wavelength of 450 nanometers, the objective lens magnification is 100 times (MPLAPON-100xLEXT), the optical zoom (optical zoom) is 50 times, the image area is 1500 microns × 1500 microns, and the resolution is 1024 pixels ×1024 pixels, operating conditions set to auto tilt removal, and no filter used. The unit of Sq is micrometer.

[Pre-pressure test]

First, the polymer film was sandwiched between two clean transparent float glass sheets (length 300 mm, width 300 mm, thickness 2 mm) to obtain a laminate. Then, put the laminated product into the oven and conduct a pre-pressure test under the following conditions: Continuously evacuate to maintain a vacuum degree of 700 mmHg and conduct a three-stage temperature holding test. The first stage holding temperature is 30°C and The temperature-holding time is 10 minutes, the second-stage temperature-holding temperature is 140°C and the temperature-holding time is 40 minutes, and the third-stage temperature-holding temperature is 40°C and the temperature-holding time is 30 minutes. Afterwards, observe with the naked eye whether there is any white fog on the laminate, and evaluate it according to the following standards. ◎： No white fog appears ○： White fog appears, and the total area of the white fog area is less than or equal to 20% of the total area of the glass ×： White fog appears, and the total area of the white fog area is greater than 20% of the total area of the glass

The practical benefit of the pre-lamination test is that if the area where the white fog appears is too large (for example, greater than 20% of the total area of the glass), it means that there is a large amount of air remaining on the surface of the polymer film, and then the laminated glass will be normalized in an autoclave. During lamination, the air remaining on the surface will not be completely absorbed by the polymer film, resulting in bubble defects in the laminated glass.

[High temperature bubble test (weather resistance evaluation)]

Cut the laminated glass into 30 cm × 30 cm test samples. Place the test sample vertically into an oven at 100°C for 2 hours. Take it out and observe with the naked eye whether there are bubbles in the test sample, and evaluate it according to the following standards. ◎： No bubbles appear ○： There are bubbles appearing where the shortest distance from the edge of the glass is less than 15 mm, and there are no bubbles where the shortest distance from the edge of the glass exceeds 15 mm. ×： Bubbles appear where the shortest distance from the edge of the glass exceeds 15 mm

The practical benefit of the high-temperature bubble test is that even if the laminated glass appears to be bubble-free when the preparation is completed, if there is too much dissolved gas (trapped gas) in the polymer film, the gas will dissolve and form after the laminated glass undergoes the high-temperature test. Bubbles, that is, this type of laminated glass has poor weather resistance and is not conducive to long-term use.

3.2. Preparation and property measurement of polymer films

First, 100 parts by weight of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB, purchased from Changchun Petrochemical Co., Ltd.) and 40 parts by weight of a plasticizer (triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) ) to obtain a mixture. Use a mixer to knead the mixture at a rotation speed of 150 rpm at 200°C for 15 minutes, and then cool to room temperature to obtain a polymer film composition. Next, the polymer film composition was placed in an extruder and extruded into a polymer film with a thickness of 0.76 mm. According to the method mentioned above, the Mw, acetal degree, acetal degree and hydroxyl content ratio of the PVB used and the Tg of the produced polymer film were measured. The results are as follows: the Mw of PVB is about 250,000 and the acetal degree of PVB. It is 71.6 mol%, the acetyl content of PVB is 0.4 mol%, the hydroxyl content of PVB is 28 mol%, and the Tg of the polymer film is about 15°C.

The two surfaces of the polymer film were preheated and mechanically embossed according to the parameter conditions shown in Table 1-1 and Table 1-2 to obtain polymer films of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6. In addition to the parameter conditions shown in Table 1-1 and Table 1-2, the linear speed of the polymer film passing between the embossing wheels is 3 m/min. The Sdq and Sq of the polymer films of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were measured according to the methods described above, and the results were recorded in Tables 2-1 to 2-2.

Table 1-1: Mechanical embossing parameter conditions of the polymer films of Examples 1 to 6 parameters Preheat wheel temperature Flower wheel temperature Pattern wheel torque Embossed wheel pressure unit °C °C N·m kg/cm ² Example 1 75 125 1.15 40 2 65 120 0.88 30 3 85 135 1.26 40 4 80 130 1.22 35 5 75 135 0.95 30 6 80 125 1.19 40

Table 1-2: Mechanical embossing parameter conditions of the polymer films of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 parameters Preheat wheel temperature Flower wheel temperature Pattern wheel torque Embossed wheel pressure unit °C °C N·m kg/cm ² Comparative example 1 60 70 0.55 20 2 75 130 0.62 40 3 80 140 1.42 35 4 80 130 0.92 50 5 100 140 1.53 50 6 75 125 0.83 15

Table 2-1: Properties of polymer films of Examples 1 to 6 Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 sqd 2.35 1.53 2.88 2.60 1.84 2.42 Sq (unit: micron) 14.40 8.70 18.80 12.50 9.77 16.50

Table 2-2: Properties of polymer films of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 Comparative example 1 2 3 4 5 6 sqd 0.15 0.58 3.24 1.72 3.86 1.25 Sq (unit: micron) 1.22 12.30 17.98 22.70 28.84 3.35

3.3. Preparation and property evaluation of laminated glass

Laminated glass was prepared using the polymer films of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 respectively. First, the polymer film is cut into a size of 300 mm x 300 mm. Next, prepare two clean transparent float glass sheets (length 300 mm, width 300 mm, thickness 2 mm), and sandwich the cut polymer film between the two transparent float glass sheets. A laminated product is obtained, and the laminated product is evacuated using a vacuum bag method to perform pre-pressing. The operation method of the vacuum bag type is as follows: put the laminate into the vacuum bag and maintain it at a temperature of 30°C with a vacuum degree of 700 mmHg for 10 minutes, and then put the vacuum bag containing the laminate into the heating furnace in, maintaining the temperature at 140°C for 40 minutes, after which the vacuum bag is taken out of the heating oven and cooled at room temperature. After cooling, release the vacuum and take out the laminate. The pre-pressed laminate was placed in an autoclave and pressed at a pressure of 13 bar and a temperature of 135°C for 120 minutes, and then cooled to room temperature to prepare laminated glass.

According to the methods described above, pre-pressure tests and high-temperature bubble tests were performed on the polymer films and laminated glasses of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, and the results were recorded in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 .

Table 3-1: Evaluation results of laminated glass made of polymer films of Examples 1 to 6 Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pre-pressure test ◎ ○ ○ ○ ◎ ◎ High temperature bubble test ◎ ◎ ○ ◎ ◎ ○

Table 3-2: Evaluation results of laminated glass made of polymer films of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 Comparative example 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pre-pressure test × × × ○ × × High temperature bubble test × × × × × ×

As shown in Table 3-1, the polymer film of the present invention can obtain satisfactory results in the vacuum pre-pressure test, and the laminated glass made from the polymer film of the present invention can also obtain satisfactory results in the high-temperature bubble test. The satisfactory results show that the laminated glass has good weather resistance. Examples 1 to 6 show that when the Sdq and Sq of the polymer film are both within the specified range, satisfactory results can be obtained in the pre-lamination test by the vacuum method and the prepared laminated glass can also be used in the high-temperature bubble test. obtain satisfactory results. In particular, Examples 1, 5 and 6 show that the best pre-laminated test results are obtained when Sdq is 1.8 to 2.45, and Examples 1 to 2, 4 to 5 show that Sq is 8.5 microns to 14.5 microns. Gets the best high-temperature bubble test results.

In comparison, as shown in Table 3-2, the polymer film that does not belong to the present invention cannot obtain satisfactory results in the vacuum pre-pressure test, and the prepared laminated glass also fails in the high-temperature bubble test. Unable to obtain satisfactory results. Comparative Examples 2 and 3 show that even if the Sq of the polymer film is within the specified range, as long as the Sdq is not within the specified range, the polymer film cannot obtain satisfactory results in the vacuum pre-lamination test, and the resulting sandwich Glass also failed to obtain satisfactory results in high-temperature bubble tests. Comparative Example 4 shows that even if the Sdq of the polymer film is within the specified range, as long as the Sq is not within the specified range, the prepared laminated glass cannot obtain satisfactory results in the high-temperature bubble test and shows poor weather resistance. Comparative Examples 1, 5 and 6 show that if the Sdq and Sq of the polymer film are not within the specified range, satisfactory results cannot be obtained in the vacuum pre-pressure test, and the laminated glass produced will bubble at high temperatures. Satisfactory results could not be obtained during testing.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the principles and effects of the present invention and elucidating the technical features of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any changes or arrangements that can be easily made by those familiar with the art without violating the technical principles of the invention fall within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is as listed in the appended patent application scope.

without

without

Claims (10)

A polymer film, wherein the polymer film has a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface has a root mean square gradient (Sdq) of 1.5 to 3, and the first surface has a root mean square height. (root mean square height, Sq) is 8 microns to 20 microns, where the definitions of Sdq and Sq are based on ISO 25178-2:2012. The polymer film of claim 1, wherein Sdq of the second surface is 1.5 to 3 and Sq of the second surface is 8 microns to 20 microns. The polymer film according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer film is 5°C to 30°C. The polymer film of claim 1 or 2, wherein the polymer film contains polyvinylacetal. The polymer film of claim 4, wherein the polyvinyl acetal is poly(vinyl butyral). The polymer film of claim 4, wherein the polyvinyl acetal has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 230,000 to 280,000. The polymer film according to claim 4, further comprising a plasticizer. The polymer film according to claim 7, wherein the content of the plasticizer is 30 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl acetal. The polymer film according to claim 1 or 2, which has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 2.5 mm. A laminated glass, which includes a first glass sheet, a second glass sheet, and an intermediate film located between the first glass sheet and the second glass sheet, the intermediate film being made of any one of claims 1 to 9 Provided by the polymer film described in the item.