TW202329718A - Providing enhanced cellular communication in a facility - Google Patents

Abstract

In various embodiments, methods, systems, software, and apparatuses for providing access to an enhanced cellular network of a facility. Different subscriber profiles may be established to enable different types of access to the extended cellular network, which may grant access to the Internet, a private network, one or more building systems of a facility, or the like.

Description

Provides Enhanced Cellular Communications in a Facility

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Wireless area networks (WLANs), such as Wi-Fi networks, are often used to allow access to the Internet and/or other data networks by persons within the coverage area served by the WLAN. Compared to other wireless technologies such as cellular, WLAN access points can have limited range such that a WLAN deployment that would cover an entire facility or campus may require a relatively large number of access points along with associated wiring/setup. Furthermore, many devices, such as cell phones, used by people within the coverage area of a WLAN service often have built-in cellular functionality.

Aspects disclosed herein alleviate at least some of the above-mentioned disadvantages.

As disclosed herein, an extended cellular network can extend and enhance the cellular coverage of a traditional cellular carrier across a covered facility, campus, or other coverage area. For example, an extended cellular network may be deployed using a distributed antenna system (DAS) operatively coupled to one or more small cell devices. In some embodiments, different user profiles may be created to enable different types of access to the extended cellular network, which may allow access to the Internet, a private network (such as a facility/campus network), or the like and may allow different levels of access to those networks. In some embodiments, these networks may also provide user access to one or more building systems of the facility.

In another aspect, a method of establishing user identity in a cellular network of a facility includes: receiving a request for a user profile from a mobile device of a user; based at least in part on The request is received to determine a connectivity profile, wherein the connectivity profile includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network that facilitates controlling the facility one or more building systems; and sending the user profile to the mobile device, wherein the user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile.

In some embodiments, the subscriber profile includes an embedded Subscriber Identification Module (eSIM) profile. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: (i) receiving an acknowledgment that the user profile is installed on the mobile device; and (ii) in response to receiving the acknowledgment, activating the user profile. In some embodiments, activating the subscriber profile includes sending an International Mobile Subscriber Identifier (IMSI) activation notification to a subscription database. In some embodiments, the cellular network of the facility is associated with a plurality of facilities, and wherein activating the user profile includes allowing the mobile device to connect to the cellular network of at least a subset of the plurality of facilities access. In some embodiments, receiving the request includes receiving a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). In some embodiments, the method further includes, prior to receiving the request: (i) generating an indicator of the URL; and (ii) providing the indicator to the user. In some embodiments, the indicator includes the URL, a hypertext markup language (HTML) link, a quick response (QR) code, or a barcode. In some embodiments, providing the indicator to the user includes sending the indicator to a display, a kiosk, a web portal, a user device, or the mobile device. In some embodiments, the URL is unique to that user, user type, event, facility, or venue. In some embodiments, the one or more connectivity characteristics include a quality of service (QoS) level, an access level, a time during which access to the cellular network is allowed or denied, and/or 1. Bandwidth setting. In some embodiments, the access level includes access to one of: (i) information accessible via the cellular network; (ii) a data network accessible via the cellular network and/or (iii) a device operatively coupled to the cellular network. In some embodiments, facilitating control of one or more building systems of the facility includes facilitating safety, health, and/or environmental control of the facility. In some embodiments, the cellular network is operatively coupled to the one or more building systems. In some embodiments, the one or more building systems comprise a collection of devices having a housing enclosing one or more devices comprising: (i) sensors, (ii) A transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. In some embodiments, the device is collectively disposed in, or attached to, a fixture of the facility. In some embodiments, the securing device includes a frame portion. In some embodiments, the one or more building systems include a tintable window. In some embodiments, the tintable window comprises an electrochromic window. In some embodiments, the cellular network includes wires configured to transmit power and cellular communication. In some embodiments, the cellular communication complies with at least a fourth generation, or a fifth generation cellular communication protocol. In some embodiments, the cellular network includes facilities of the facility.

In another aspect, a system for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility includes configured to transmit information associated with any of the methods disclosed above. A cellular network of one or more signals.

In another aspect, non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions being operatively coupled to Execution by one or more processors of a cellular network causes the one or more processors to perform or direct the performance of one or more operations associated with the methods disclosed above.

In another aspect, an apparatus for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility includes at least one controller configured to perform or direct the execution of the above One or more operations associated with the methods disclosed herein.

In another aspect, an apparatus for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility includes a collection of devices at the facility, the collection of devices including a sensing device disposed in a housing. sensors configured to facilitate the methods disclosed above.

In another aspect, a system for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility includes: a communication network configured to: transmit a message from a mobile device of the user to a request for a user profile; and transmitting the user profile to the mobile device, wherein: (i) a connectivity profile determined based at least in part on the request is included for providing access to the cellular network one or more connectivity characteristics of the cellular network that facilitates control of one or more building systems of the facility; and (ii) the user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile.

In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to conform to an automotive bus standard protocol for transporting communications. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to receive and/or transmit signals using a wireless communication protocol. In some embodiments, the wireless communication protocol is associated with a wireless personal area network. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to follow a communication bus protocol for transporting communications. In some embodiments, the communication bus protocol facilitates upstream communication and downstream communication. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured for power transfer. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to transmit one or more signals configured to facilitate adjustment of an environment of the facility. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to transmit one or more signals comprising or based at least in part on environmental sensor measurements. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to transmit one or more signals configured to facilitate management of energy usage in the facility. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to transmit one or more protocols including at least one data communication protocol for automatic control of subsystems. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to transmit infrared (IR) signals and/or radio frequency (RF) signals. In some embodiments, the communication network includes the cellular network. In some embodiments, the communication network is operatively coupled to a power source and configured for power transfer. In some embodiments, the power source optionally includes a main power source, a backup generator, or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to transmit a signal indicative of energy or power consumption, wherein the power consumption optionally includes power consumption by a heating system, a cooling system, and/or lighting, and wherein The signal optionally facilitates monitoring the power consumption of individual rooms or groups of rooms of the facility. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to utilize at least one wireless protocol that (i) utilizes radio frequency signals and/or (ii) facilitates communication with one or more sensors.

In another aspect, non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions being operatively coupled to one or more processors to a communication network, when executed, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving or directing to receive a request for a user profile from a mobile device of the user over the communication network ; based at least in part on the request received, determining or directing to determine a connectivity profile, wherein the connectivity profile includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network, the The cellular network facilitates controlling one or more building systems of the facility; and sending or directing sending the user profile to the mobile device, wherein the user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile.

In some embodiments, the communication network includes the cellular network of the facility. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the programmed instructions are located remotely from the facility. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the program instructions are located in the cloud. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media. In some embodiments, the one or more processors include a processor disposed in a device collective of the facility, the device collective having a housing enclosing the one or more devices, the one or more The device includes: (i) a sensor, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. In some embodiments, the one or more processors include (i) a microprocessor and/or (ii) a graphics processing unit.

In another aspect, an apparatus for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility includes at least one controller configured to: (i) through a the communications network receives or directs to receive a request for a user profile from a mobile device of the user; (ii) determining or directing to determine a connectivity profile based at least in part on the request received, wherein the connectivity setting The file includes one or more connectivity features for providing access to the cellular network that facilitates control of one or more building systems of the facility; and (iii) sending or directing sending the A user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile to the mobile device.

In some embodiments, the at least one controller is part of or configured to be operatively coupled to a control system having more than two levels of control hierarchy. In some embodiments, the at least one controller comprises a controller disposed in or attached to a fixture of the facility. In some embodiments, the at least one controller comprises a controller disposed in a device collective of the facility, the device collective having a housing enclosing the one or more devices, the one or more devices comprising : (i) a sensor, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. In some embodiments, at least two operations of (i), (ii) and (iii) are performed by the same controller of the at least one controller. In some embodiments, at least two operations of (i), (ii) and (iii) are performed by different controllers of the at least one controller.

In another aspect, an apparatus for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility includes: a collection of devices at the facility, the collection of devices having (a) a sensor, (b) a sensor and a transmitter, or (c) a transceiver device, the devices collectively disposed in a housing, the devices collectively configured to (A) measure the An environmental and (B) output sensor measurement collectively configured to be accessible by a mobile device of the user operatively configured to perform, at least in part, by being configured to: and operatively coupled to the communication: (a) receiving a request for a user profile from the mobile device of the user via the communication network; (b) determining a connectivity based at least in part on the request received a profile, wherein the connectivity profile includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network of the facility that facilitates control of one or more buildings of the facility the system; and (c) sending the user profile to the mobile device, wherein the user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile.

In some embodiments, the devices collectively are configured for placement in, or attached to, a fixture of the facility. In some embodiments, the securing device includes a frame. In some embodiments, the frame includes a mullion or a beam. In some embodiments, the devices collectively comprise a processor or a controller. In some embodiments, the devices are collectively configured to be operatively coupled to a control system of the facility. In some embodiments, the devices collectively are configured to facilitate environmental control of the facility.

In another aspect, a method of enabling a mobile device of a user to communicate over a cellular network of a facility, the method comprising: receiving a request from the mobile device to access the cellular network of the facility a request, wherein: (i) the request includes data from the mobile device based at least in part on a user profile accessible by the network, and (ii) the user profile is associated with one or more connectivity characteristics associated with a connectivity profile, the one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network associated with the facility that facilitates control of one or more of the facility a building system; and, after receiving the request, providing the mobile device with access to the cellular network of the facility based on the one or more connectivity characteristics.

In some embodiments, the user profile includes an embedded subscriber identity module (eSIM) profile. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: (i) receiving an acknowledgment that the user profile is installed on the mobile device; and (ii) in response to receiving the acknowledgment, activating the user profile. In some embodiments, activating the user profile includes sending an IMSI activation notification to a subscription database. In some embodiments, the cellular network of the facility is associated with a plurality of facilities, and wherein activating the user profile includes allowing the mobile device to connect to the cellular network of at least a subset of the plurality of facilities access. In some embodiments, receiving the request includes receiving a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). In some embodiments, the method further includes, prior to receiving the request: (i) generating an indicator of the URL; and (ii) providing the indicator to the user. In some embodiments, the indicator includes the URL, a hypertext markup language (HTML) link, a quick response (QR) code, or a barcode. In some embodiments, providing the indicator to the user includes sending the indicator to a display, a kiosk, a web portal, a user device, or the mobile device. In some embodiments, the URL is unique to that user, user type, event, facility, or venue. In some embodiments, the one or more connectivity characteristics include a quality of service (QoS) level, an access level, a time during which access to the cellular network is allowed or denied, and/or 1. Bandwidth setting. In some embodiments, the access level includes access to one of: (i) information accessible via the cellular network; (ii) a data network accessible via the cellular network and/or (iii) a device operatively coupled to the cellular network. In some embodiments, facilitating control of one or more building systems of the facility includes facilitating safety, health, and/or environmental control of the facility. In some embodiments, the cellular network is operatively coupled to the one or more building systems. In some embodiments, the one or more building systems comprise a collection of devices having a housing enclosing one or more devices comprising: (i) sensors, (ii) A transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. In some embodiments, the device is collectively disposed in, or attached to, a fixture of the facility. In some embodiments, the securing device includes a frame portion. In some embodiments, the one or more building systems include a tintable window. In some embodiments, the tintable window comprises an electrochromic window. In some embodiments, the cellular network includes wires configured to transmit power and cellular communication. In some embodiments, the cellular communication complies with at least a fourth generation, or a fifth generation cellular communication protocol. In some embodiments, the cellular network includes facilities of the facility.

In another aspect, a system for establishing user identification in a communication network of a facility includes configured to transmit a or A communication network of multiple signals.

In another aspect, non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for establishing user identification in a communications network of a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions being operatively coupled to a Execution of one or more processors of the communication network causes the one or more processors to perform or direct the performance of one or more operations associated with the methods disclosed above.

In another aspect, an apparatus for establishing user identification in a communication network of a facility, the apparatus includes at least one controller configured to perform or direct to perform the same as described above One or more operations associated with the disclosed methods.

In another aspect, an apparatus for establishing user identification in a communication network of a facility, the apparatus comprising a collection of devices of the facility, the collection of devices including sensors disposed in a housing, The sensors are configured to facilitate the methods disclosed above.

In another aspect, a system for enabling a mobile device of a user to communicate over a cellular network of a facility includes: a communication network configured to: transmit from the mobile device a request to access the cellular network of the facility, wherein: (i) the request includes data from the mobile device based at least in part on a user profile accessible by the network, and (ii) the The user profile is associated with a connectivity profile that includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network associated with the facility, the cellular a cellular network to facilitate control of one or more building systems of the facility; and upon receiving the request, providing the mobile device with access to the cellular network of the facility based on the one or more connectivity characteristics.

In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to conform to an automotive bus standard protocol for transporting communications. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to receive and/or transmit signals using a wireless communication protocol. In some embodiments, the wireless communication protocol is associated with a wireless personal area network. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to follow a communication bus protocol for transporting communications. In some embodiments, the communication bus protocol facilitates upstream communication and downstream communication. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured for power transfer. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to transmit one or more signals configured to facilitate adjustment of an environment of the facility. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to transmit one or more signals comprising or based at least in part on environmental sensor measurements. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to transmit one or more signals configured to facilitate management of energy usage in the facility. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to transmit one or more protocols including at least one data communication protocol for automatic control of subsystems. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to transmit infrared (IR) signals and/or radio frequency (RF) signals. In some embodiments, the communication network includes the cellular network. In some embodiments, the communication network is operatively coupled to a power source and configured for power transfer. In some embodiments, the power source optionally includes a main power source, a backup generator, or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to transmit a signal indicative of energy or power consumption, wherein the power consumption optionally includes power consumption by a heating system, a cooling system, and/or lighting, and wherein The signal optionally facilitates monitoring the power consumption of individual rooms or groups of rooms of the facility. In some embodiments, the communication network is configured to utilize at least one wireless protocol that (i) utilizes radio frequency signals and/or (ii) facilitates communication with one or more sensors.

In another aspect, non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for enabling a mobile device of a user to communicate over a cellular network of a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions being executed by The one or more processors, when executed, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving or directing to receive a request from the mobile device to access the cellular network of the facility, wherein: (i) The request includes data from the mobile device based at least in part on a user profile accessible by the network, and (ii) the user profile is associated with a connectivity profile that includes one or more connectivity characteristics , the one or more connectivity features for providing access to the cellular network associated with the facility that facilitates control of one or more building systems of the facility; and upon receiving the After the request, providing or directing to provide the mobile device access to the cellular network of the facility based on the one or more connectivity characteristics.

In some embodiments, the communication network includes the cellular network of the facility. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the programmed instructions are located remotely from the facility. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the program instructions are located in the cloud. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media. In some embodiments, the one or more processors include a processor disposed in a device collective of the facility, the device collective having a housing enclosing the one or more devices, the one or more The device includes: (i) a sensor, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. In some embodiments, the one or more processors include (i) a microprocessor and/or (ii) a graphics processing unit.

In another aspect, an apparatus for enabling a mobile device of a user to communicate over a cellular network of a facility includes at least one controller configured to: receive or directing to receive a request from the mobile device to access the cellular network of the facility, wherein: (i) the request includes information from the mobile device based at least in part on a user profile accessible by the network; data, and (ii) the user profile is associated with a connectivity profile that includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network associated with the facility the cellular network to facilitate control of one or more building systems of the facility; and upon receiving the request, provide or direct the provision of the mobile device's access to the facility based on the one or more connectivity characteristics access to the cellular network.

In some embodiments, the at least one controller is part of or configured to be operatively coupled to a control system having more than two levels of control hierarchy. In some embodiments, the at least one controller comprises a controller disposed in or attached to a fixture of the facility. In some embodiments, the at least one controller comprises a controller disposed in a device collective of the facility, the device collective having a housing enclosing the one or more devices, the one or more devices comprising : (i) a sensor, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. In some embodiments, at least two operations of (i), (ii) and (iii) are performed by the same controller of the at least one controller. In some embodiments, at least two operations of (i), (ii) and (iii) are performed by different controllers of the at least one controller.

In another aspect, an apparatus for enabling a mobile device of a user to communicate over a cellular network of an establishment, the apparatus comprising: a collection of devices of the establishment, the collection of devices comprising (a) A device of a sensor, (b) a sensor and a transmitter, or (c) a transceiver, the devices collectively disposed in a housing, the devices collectively configured to (A) measuring an environment of the facility and (B) outputting sensor measurements, the devices collectively configured to be accessible by a mobile device of the user operatively configured to at least in part by configuring operatively coupled with the communication network of the facility to: receive a request from the mobile device to access the cellular network of the facility, wherein: (i) the request includes at least one Based in part on data from a user profile accessible by the network, and (ii) the user profile is associated with a connectivity profile comprising one or more connectivity characteristics, the one or more connectivity characteristic for providing access to the cellular network associated with the facility that facilitates control of one or more building systems of the facility; and upon receiving the request, according to the one or more A connectivity feature provides the mobile device access to the cellular network of the facility.

In some embodiments, the devices collectively are configured for placement in, or attached to, a fixture of the facility. In some embodiments, the securing device includes a frame. In some embodiments, the frame includes a mullion or a beam. In some embodiments, the devices collectively comprise a processor or a controller. In some embodiments, the devices are collectively configured to be operatively coupled to a control system of the facility. In some embodiments, the devices collectively are configured to facilitate environmental control of the facility. In some embodiments, the network is an area network (eg, a network of facilities). In some embodiments, the network includes cables configured to transmit power and communications in a single cable. Communications may be one or more types of communications. Communications may include cellular communications complying with at least second generation (2G), third generation (3G), fourth generation (4G) or fifth generation (5G) cellular communication protocols. In some embodiments, the communication includes media communication that facilitates still images, music, or animation streams (eg, movies or videos). In some embodiments, the communication includes data communication (eg, sensor data). In some embodiments, the communication includes control communication, eg, to control operative coupling to one or more nodes of the networks. In some embodiments, the network includes a first (eg, cabling) network installed in the facility. In some embodiments, the network includes a (eg, cabling) network installed within an enclosure of a facility (eg, within the envelope of a building included in the facility).

In another aspect, the invention provides a system, an apparatus (e.g., a controller), and/or one or more non-transitory computer-readable media (e.g., software) that implement any of the methods disclosed herein .

In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of using any of the systems, computer-readable media, and/or apparatus disclosed herein, eg, for its intended purpose.

In another aspect, an apparatus includes at least one controller programmed to direct a mechanism for performing (e.g., performing) any of the methods disclosed herein, the at least one controller configured state to be operatively coupled to the mechanism. In some embodiments, at least two operations (eg, of a method) are directed/performed by the same controller. In some embodiments, at least two operations are directed/performed by different controllers.

In another aspect, an apparatus includes at least one controller configured (eg, programmed) to perform (eg, implement) any one of the methods disclosed herein. At least one controller can implement any of the methods disclosed herein. In some embodiments, at least two operations (eg, of a method) are directed/performed by the same controller. In some embodiments, at least two operations are directed/performed by different controllers.

In some embodiments, one of the at least one controller is configured to perform two or more operations. In some embodiments, two different controllers of the at least one controller are configured to each perform a different operation.

In another aspect, a system includes at least one controller programmed to direct at least one other device (or component thereof) and the operation of the device (or component thereof), wherein the at least one A controller is operatively coupled to the device (or components thereof). The device (or component thereof) may comprise any device (or component thereof) disclosed herein. At least one controller can be configured to direct any of the devices (or components thereof) disclosed herein. At least one controller can be configured to be operatively coupled to any of the devices (or components thereof) disclosed herein. In some embodiments, at least two operations (eg, of a device) are directed by the same controller. In some embodiments, at least two operations are directed by different controllers.

In another aspect, a computer software product (e.g., written on one or more non-transitory media) stores program instructions that, when read by at least one processor (e.g., a computer), cause At least one processor directs the mechanism disclosed herein to implement (eg, perform) any of the methods disclosed herein, wherein the at least one processor is configured to be operatively coupled to the mechanism. A mechanism may comprise any of the devices disclosed herein (or any component thereof). In some embodiments, at least two operations (eg, of a device) are directed/performed by the same processor. In some embodiments, at least two operations are directed/performed by different processors.

In another aspect, the invention provides non-transitory computer-readable program instructions (e.g., included in a program product comprising one or more non-transitory media) comprising machine-executable code that the machine The executable code, when executed by one or more processors, implements any of the methods disclosed herein. In some embodiments, at least two operations (eg, of a method) are directed/performed by the same processor. In some embodiments, at least two operations are directed/performed by different processors.

In another aspect, the invention provides one or more non-transitory computer-readable media containing machine-executable code that, when executed by one or more processors, implements (eg, as disclosed herein) the bootstrap of the controller. In some embodiments, at least two operations (eg, of a controller) are directed/performed by the same processor. In some embodiments, at least two operations are directed/performed by different processors.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a computer system comprising one or more computer processors and one or more non-transitory computer readable media coupled thereto. The non-transitory computer-readable medium includes machine-executable code that, when executed by one or more processors, implements any of the methods disclosed herein and/or implements any of the methods disclosed herein ( Multiple) controller guidance.

In another aspect, the invention provides non-transitory computer readable program instructions that, when read by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to execute Any operation of a method disclosed herein, any operation performed (or configured to be performed) by an apparatus disclosed herein, and/or any operation directed (or configured to be directed) by an apparatus disclosed herein operate.

In some embodiments, the program instructions are written on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are performed by one of the one or more processors. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are each performed by different processors of the one or more processors.

The content of this Summary section is provided as a simplified introduction to the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of any invention disclosed herein or the scope of the appended claims.

Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description, in which only illustrative embodiments of the invention are shown and described. As will be realized, the invention is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and descriptions are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.

These and other features and embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. incorporated herein by reference

All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference The method is incorporated into the general.

While various embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed.

Terms such as "a (a/an)" and "the" are not intended to refer to only a single entity, but include general categories of which specific instances may be used for illustration. The terminology herein is used to describe particular embodiments of the invention(s), but its use does not delimit the invention(s).

Unless otherwise specified, when a range is referred to, the range is intended to be inclusive. For example, a range between the value 1 and the value 2 is intended to be inclusive and includes the value 1 and the value 2. An inclusive range would span any value from about 1 to about 2. As used herein, the term "adjacent" or "adjacent to" includes "next to", "adjoining", "in contact with" and "close to ( in proximity to)".

As used herein, including in claims, the conjunction "and/or" in phrases such as "comprising X, Y and/or Z" means any combination of X, Y and Z or plural. For example, this phrase means to include X. For example, this phrase means to include Y. For example, this phrase means including Z. For example, this phrase means including X and Y. For example, this phrase means including X and Z. For example, this phrase means including Y and Z. For example, this phrase means including plural X's. For example, this phrase means including a plurality of Y's. For example, this phrase means including a plurality of Z's. For example, this phrase means including a plurality of X's and a plurality of Y's. For example, the phrase is meant to include a plurality of X's and a plurality of Z's. For example, this phrase means including a plurality of Y's and a plurality of Z's. For example, this phrase is meant to include a plurality of X's and Y's. For example, this phrase is meant to include a plurality of X's and Z's. For example, this phrase is meant to include a plurality of Y's and Z's. For example, this phrase means including X and a plurality of Y's. For example, this phrase means including X and a plurality of Z's. For example, this phrase means including Y and a plurality of Z's.

The term "operatively coupled" or "operatively connected" refers to a first element that is coupled (eg, connected) to a second element to allow intended operation of the second element and/or the first element. Components (e.g. Mechanisms). Coupling may include physical or non-physical coupling (eg, communicative coupling). Non-physical couplings may include signal-induced couplings (eg, wireless couplings). Coupling may include physical coupling (eg, physical connection) or non-physical coupling (eg, via wireless communication). Operationally coupled may include communicatively coupled.

An element "configured to" perform a function (eg, a mechanism) includes structural features that cause the element to perform that function. Structural features may include electrical features, such as circuitry or circuit elements. Structural features may include actuators. Structural features may include circuitry (eg, include electrical or optical circuitry). Electrical circuitry may include one or more wires. The optical circuitry may include at least one optical element (eg, beam splitter, mirror, lens, and/or optical fiber). Structural features may include mechanical features. Mechanical features can include latches, springs, closures, hinges, chassis, supports, mounts, or outriggers, among others. Performing functions may include utilizing logic features. Logical features may include programmed instructions. Programmed instructions are executable by at least one processor. Programmed instructions can be stored or encoded on a medium that can be accessed by one or more processors. Additionally, in the following descriptions, the phrases "operable to", "adapted to", "configured to", "designed to", "programmed to" or "capable of" may be used interchangeably as appropriate use.

In some embodiments, an enclosure includes a region bounded by at least one structure. At least one structure may comprise at least one wall. An enclosure may contain and/or enclose one or more sub-enclosures. At least one wall may contain metal (eg, steel), clay, stone, plastic, glass, stucco (eg, gypsum), polymers (eg, polyurethane, styrene, or vinyl), asbestos, fibers Glass, concrete (for example, reinforced concrete), wood, paper or ceramics. At least one wall may comprise wire, brick, block (eg, cinder block), tile, drywall, or framework (eg, steel frame).

In some embodiments, the enclosure includes one or more openings. One or more openings may be reversibly closable. One or more openings may be permanently open. The substantial length dimension of the one or more openings may be small relative to the substantial length dimension of the wall(s) defining the enclosure. A basic length dimension may include the diameter, length, width or height of a bounding circle. The surface of the opening or openings may be small relative to the surface of the wall(s) defining the enclosure. The open surface can be a percentage of the total surface of the wall(s). For example, the open surface can measure up to about 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or 1% of the wall. Walls can contain floors, ceilings, or side walls. The closable opening is closable by at least one window or door. An enclosure may be at least a portion of a facility. Facilities can contain buildings. An enclosure may comprise at least a portion of a building. A building can be a private building and/or a commercial building. A building can contain one or more floors. A building (eg, its floors) may include at least one of the following: room, hall, foyer, attic, basement, balcony (eg, inner or outer balcony), stairwell, corridor, elevator shaft, facade, mezzanine , attic, garage, porches (eg, enclosed porch), patio (eg, enclosed patio), cafeteria, and/or plumbing. Buildings can contain family homes. A building may be an apartment building (eg, a multi-dwelling building) or a single-family home. A facility can consist of one or more buildings. In some embodiments, enclosures may be stationary and/or movable (eg, trains, airplanes, ships, vehicles (eg, cars), or rockets). In some embodiments, a facility may be stationary and/or mobile (eg, train, airplane, ship, vehicle (eg, car), or rocket). Facilities may include factories, medical facilities, financial institutions (e.g., banks), in hospitality establishments (e.g., hotels), shopping centers, restaurants, logistics centers, educational facilities (e.g., schools, colleges, or universities), office buildings, In mass transit stations (such as railway stations, or airports), or in government buildings. A facility may be a commercial and/or residential building, such as an apartment complex or a single family home.

In some embodiments, the enclosure encloses the atmosphere. The atmosphere may contain one or more gases. Gases may include inert gases (eg, including argon or nitrogen) and/or non-inert gases (eg, including oxygen or carbon dioxide). At least one external atmospheric characteristic of the enclosure atmosphere may be similar to the atmosphere outside the enclosure (e.g., the ambient atmosphere), the at least one external atmospheric characteristic including: temperature, relative gas content, gas type (e.g., humidity, and/or oxygen content) ), debris (eg, dust and/or pollen), and/or gas velocity. At least one external atmospheric characteristic of the enclosure atmosphere may differ from the atmosphere outside the enclosure, the at least one external atmospheric characteristic including: temperature, relative gas content, gas type (e.g., humidity, and/or oxygen content), debris (e.g., dust and/or pollen), and/or gas velocity. For example, the enclosure atmosphere may be less humid (eg, drier) than the external (eg, ambient) atmosphere. For example, the atmosphere of the enclosure and the atmosphere outside the enclosure may contain the same (eg, or substantially similar) ratios of oxygen to nitrogen. The velocity of the gas in the enclosure may be (eg, substantially) similar throughout the enclosure. The velocity of the gas in the enclosure may vary in different parts of the enclosure (eg, by flowing the gas through a vent coupled to the enclosure).

Certain disclosed embodiments provide a network infrastructure within an enclosure (eg, a facility such as a building). Network infrastructure can be used for various purposes, such as for providing communication and/or power services. Communication services may include high bandwidth (eg, wireless and/or wireline) communication services. Communication services may be directed to occupants of the facility and/or users external to the facility (eg, building). The network infrastructure may work in conjunction with, or replace in part, the infrastructure of one or more cellular operators. Network infrastructure may be provided in facilities including electrically switchable windows. Examples of components of network infrastructure include high-speed backhaul. The network infrastructure may include at least one cable, switches, physical antennas, transceivers, sensors, transmitters, receivers, radios, processors, and/or controllers (which may include processors). The network infrastructure is operatively coupled to and/or includes a wireless network. Network infrastructure can include cabling. One or more sensors may be deployed (eg, installed) in the environment as part of and/or after installing the network. The network can be an area network. A network may include cables configured to carry power and communications in a single cable. Communications may be one or more types of communications. Communications may include compliance with (e.g., as defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and/or other cellular communication standards organizations) at least second generation (2G), third generation (3G), fourth generation ( 4G) or cellular communication of the fifth generation (5G) cellular communication protocol. Communications may include media communications that facilitate still images, music, or animation streaming (eg, movies or video). Communications may include communication of data (eg, sensor data). Communication may include control communication, eg, to control one or more nodes operatively coupled to a network. The networks may include a first (eg, cabling) network installed in the facility. The network may include a (eg, cabling) network installed within the enclosure of the facility (eg, within the enclosure of an enclosure such as the facility. eg, within the envelope of a building included in the facility).

In another aspect, the invention provides a network configured for transmission of any communication (eg, signal) and/or (eg, electricity) power that facilitates any of the operations disclosed herein. Communications may include control communications, cellular communications, media communications and/or data communications. Data communication may include sensor data communication and/or processed data communication. Networks can be configured to comply with one or more protocols that facilitate this communication. For example, the communication protocol used by the network (eg, with a BMS) may be Building Automation and Control Network Protocol (BACnet). For example, the protocol may facilitate cellular communication complying with at least a 2nd, 3rd, 4th, or 5th generation cellular protocol.

In another aspect, the invention provides a network configured for transmission of any communication (eg, signal) and/or (eg, electricity) power that facilitates any of the operations disclosed herein. Communications may include control communications, cellular communications, media communications and/or data communications. Data communication may include sensor data communication and/or processed data communication. Networks can be configured to comply with one or more protocols that facilitate this communication. Communication protocols used by a network (eg, with a BMS) may include Building Automation and Control Network Protocol (BACnet), for example. The network can be configured for (eg, including hardware that facilitates) communication protocols including: BACnet (eg, BACnet/SC), LonWorks, Modbus, KNX, European Appliance System (EHS), BatiBUS, European Installed Bus (EIB or Instabus), Zigbee, Z-wave, Insteon, X10, Bluetooth or WiFi. Networks can be configured to transport control-related protocols. The protocol may facilitate cellular communication complying with at least a 2nd, 3rd, 4th, or 5th generation cellular protocol. (eg, cabling) networks may include tree, linear, or star topologies. The network may include interworking and/or distributed application models for various tasks in building automation. A control system may provide a solution for configuring and/or managing resources on a network. A network may allow portions of a distributed application to be combined in different nodes operatively coupled to the network. The network can provide a communication system with message protocols and a model for communication stacking among nodes (capable of hosting distributed applications (eg, with a common core). Control systems can include programmable logic controllers (PLCs) ).

In some embodiments, the network infrastructure may include a facility network that provides cellular functionality at the facility and/or enhances cellular coverage of a legacy carrier's cellular network. This can provide staff or other personnel associated with the facility, via a mobile phone or other cellular device, access to the cellular functionality of the facility network (for example, to enable communication with one or more building systems of the facility) Control related control communications or access to private networks associated with the facility). Access to cellular functions of the facility network may be provided to other occupants (eg, visitors, sponsors, customers, etc.) to allow enhanced access to the cellular network, the Internet, or facility-specific services. Communicatively couple network infrastructure across multiple billing facilities to create a multi-facility network. A cellular device that is granted access at the first facility network of the multi-facility network may also be granted access to other facility networks in the multi-facility network, allowing people (e.g., facility personnel, visitors, sponsors, etc.) etc.) cellular access to a multi-facility network at different facilities in different geographic locations. Registering a mobile device or other cellular device within the facility network of a first facility allows the device to automatically register with the facility network of a second facility, allowing the cellular device to automatically access the second facility when it is within wireless range of the second facility. Facility network of facilities. In this manner, once a cellular device is granted access to a first facility network within the multi-facility network, access to the multi-facility network may be provided to a user of the cellular device. Unlike Wi-Fi networks, mobile devices use an eSIM (or similar) to avoid requiring the user to identify the appropriate Service Set Identifier (SSID) or enter a password during setup.

In some embodiments, macro cells are used to provide cellular communication signals to facilities. For example, a macro cell may receive signals from or transmit signals to a service provider. A service provider may provide access to a cellular communications core network (eg, a 4G core network, a 5G core network, or the like). In some embodiments, the core network is a core part of a telecommunications network. The core network can provide many services to customers interconnected through the access network. In some embodiments, the core network is configured to direct cellular communication over the PSTN. An access network physically connects an end system to an intermediate router (also known as an "edge router") on a path from an end system to any other remote system. Examples of access networks are ISPs, home networks, corporate networks, ADSL, mobile networks, FITH, and the like. The macrocell may be communicatively coupled to a router (eg, a headend router) that routes signals to a Radio Access Unit (RAU) of the facility. For example, a router may retrieve downstream signals from a macrocell and route the downstream signals to one or more RAUs. One or more RAUs may cause one or more antennas to transmit RF signals corresponding to downstream signals. As another example, a router may retrieve upstream signals from one or more RAUs associated with a facility. The router can transmit upstream signals to the macro cell. Megacells can have various disadvantages. For example, in order to provide a strong signal with long range, a macrocell may require an elevated location (eg, on top of a tower, hill, building, or any other elevated location). Megacells heat up and can be expensive to cool. A megacell may require dedicated hardware. Regardless of how the facility is used, megacells can provide a fixed coverage area of the area of a facility. Routing cables from a megacell to a facility can be expensive since the cabling area can be extensive. This routing may require cabling (such as optical cables) configured for fast signal communication, which incurs expense.

Figure 1 shows an example of a building with a collective (eg, assembly) of devices. As connection points, the building may include a plurality of roof donor antennas 105a, 105b and a sky sensor 107 for transmitting electromagnetic radiation (eg, infrared, ultraviolet, and/or visible light). These wireless signals may allow the building service network to wirelessly interface with one or more communication service provider systems. The building has a control panel 113 for connection to the provider's central office 111 via physical line 109 (eg, optical fiber such as single mode fiber). The control panel 113 (e.g., including a controller, such as as part of a control system) may include signals configured to provide, for example, a signal source carrier head, a fiber distribution head, and/or (e.g., bi-directional) amplifiers or relays hardware and/or software for the functions of the device. Rooftop donor antennas 105a and 105b allow building occupants and/or devices to access (eg, 3rd party) provider's wireless system communication services. The antenna and/or controller may provide access to the same service provider system, different service provider systems, or some variation, such as two interface elements providing access to a first service provider's system, and different The interface element provides access to the system of the second service provider.

As shown in the example of FIG. 1 , the vertical data plane may include (eg, high-capacity or high-speed) data-carrying wires 119, such as (eg, single-mode) optical fiber or (full gauge) UTP copper wire. In some embodiments, at least one control panel may be disposed on at least some of the floors of the building (eg, on each floor). In some embodiments, one (eg, high capacity) communication line may directly connect the control panel in the top floor with the (eg, master) control panel 113 in the bottom floor (or in the basement level). It should be noted that the control panel 113 is directly connected to the rooftop antennas 105a, 105b and/or the sky sensor 107, while the control panel 113 is also directly connected to the (eg 3rd party) service provider central office 111.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a horizontal data plane that may include one or more of a control panel and data-carrying wiring (eg, lines) including trunk lines 121 . In some embodiments, the trunks are made of coaxial cables. Trunks may comprise any of the wiring disclosed herein. The control panel can be configured to provide data over trunk 121 via a data communication protocol such as MoCA and/or G.hn. Data communication protocols may include (i) Next Generation Native Networking Protocol (abbreviated herein as "G.hn" protocol), (ii) communication of digital information over power lines traditionally used (for example, only) to deliver electricity technology, or (iii) hardware devices designed to communicate and transfer data over the building's electrical wiring (e.g., Ethernet, USB, and/or Wi-Fi). The data transfer protocol can facilitate a data transfer rate of at least about 1 gigabit/second (Gbit/s), 2 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, 4 Gbit/s, or 5 Gbit/s. Data transmission protocols may operate over telephone wiring, coaxial cables, power lines, and/or (eg, plastic) optical fibers. Chips (eg, including semiconductor devices) can be used to facilitate data transfer protocols.

Each horizontal data plane may provide high-speed network access to one or more device collectives 123 (e.g., a collection of one or more devices in a housing comprising a device assembly) and/or antennas 125 in which Some or all of them are optionally integrated with device collective 123. Antenna 125 (and associated radio, not shown) may be configured to provide wireless access via any of a variety of protocols, including, for example, cellular (e.g., at or near 28 GHz one or more frequency band), Wi-Fi (eg, in one or more of the 2.4, 5, and 60 GHz frequency bands), CBRS, and the like. A drop line may connect the device collective 123 to the trunk line 121 . In some embodiments, horizontal data planes are deployed on floors of buildings. Devices in a device population may include sensors, transmitters, or antennas. A collective of devices may include circuitry. The devices in the device population are operably coupled to the circuitry. One or more donor antennas (such as 105a, 105b) may be connected to the control panel 113 via high speed wires (eg, single mode fiber or copper). In the depicted example, the control panel 113 may be located in the lower level of the building. Connections to the donor antennas 105a, 105b may be via one or more vRAN radios and wiring (eg, coax).

The communication service provider central office 111 is connected to an underlying control panel 113 via a high speed line 109 (eg, fiber optics serving as part of the backhaul). This point of entry for the service provider to the building is sometimes referred to as the main point of entry (MPOE), and it can be configured to allow the building to distribute both voice and data traffic.

In some embodiments, data transmission (and in some embodiments, voice services) may be provided in buildings via wireless and/or wired communications. Communications may be provided to and/or by occupants of the building. In third-, fourth-, or fifth-generation (3G, 4G, or 5G) cellular communications, data transmission and/or voice services may be partially ) attenuation caused by the building structure becomes difficult. Compared to 3G and 4G communications, using higher frequencies such as 5G, the attenuation will become more serious. To address this challenge, buildings can be equipped with components that act as gateways or ports for cellular signaling. Such gateways may be coupled to infrastructure within buildings that provide wireless services (e.g., via internal antennas and/or implement Wi-Fi, small cell services (e.g., via picocell or picocell devices), CBRS, etc. other infrastructure). Gateways or entry points for such services may include high-speed cables from the operator's central office (e.g., underground) and/or antennas strategically located outside buildings (e.g., donor antennas on building roofs and/or or sky sensor). The high-speed cable to the building may be referred to as the "backhaul."

Figure 2 presents an embodiment of a communication network 200 for an enclosure such as a building. The example shown in FIG. 2 depicts a link that may include one or more cables (eg, coaxial cable or twisted pair). The link can be a communication and/or power line. The cables can be tied to a cable harness. The cable harness may transmit power and/or communications. Cables (eg, coaxial cables) can transmit power and/or communications. In the depicted embodiment, network 200 includes vertically oriented network portions (including vertical communication lines 205 ) that connect network elements on multiple floors of an enclosure (e.g., of a facility). road object (for example, a component). In the example shown in FIG. 2, the vertical data plane includes a first control panel 207 (e.g., containing floor controls) on a first floor, a second control panel 209 (e.g., containing floor controls) on a second floor. device), and a third control panel 211 (eg, including a floor controller) on the third floor. A physical (eg, wired) communication and/or power link 213 connects the control panels 207 and 209 . A physical communication and/or power link 215 connects the control panels 209 and 211 . A physical communication and/or power link 217 connects the control panels 207 and 211 . As shown, control panels 207, 209, and 211 form a loop along with physical communication and/or power links 213, 215, and 217. Loops provide redundancy in the network. As an example, physical communication and/or power link 217 provides backup in the vertical plane if one of the other physical communication and/or power links (eg, links 213 or 215 ) fails. Communication links 213, 215, and 217 may include electrical wires and/or optical fibers. Communication links 213, 215, and 217 may comprise coaxial wires.

In the example shown in FIG. 2 , control panel 207 is communicatively coupled (eg, connected) to external network 201 (eg, outside the building and/or in the cloud) via access network 203 . Control panel 207 is communicatively coupled (eg, connected) to access network 203 by physical communication and/or power link 204 , which may include optical fibers and/or electrical wires. The control panel 207 is connected to an antenna 289 outside the building. Antenna 289 may be a receive antenna (eg, a donor antenna).

FIG. 2 shows an example of a control panel 207 operatively coupled (eg, connected) to a first horizontal network portion of a horizontal data plane 219 . The control panel 209 is operatively coupled (eg, connected) to a second horizontal network portion that is a horizontal data plane 221 . The control panel 211 is operatively coupled (eg, connected) to a third horizontal network portion that is a horizontal data plane 223 . Horizontal data planes 219, 221, and 223 include a plurality of network objects (eg, components and/or devices, such as collectives of devices). Network objects (eg, components) may include user end nodes. Client nodes may be located on separate floors of a building.

In the example shown in FIG. 2, the horizontal data plane 219 includes network adapters 251a through 551e. A network adapter (eg, 251 a ) is coupled to a communication and/or power line (eg, trunk line) 259 via a distribution point (eg, 290 ). Network adapter 251a is connected to target set (eg, including transceivers, sensors, and/or transmitters) 253 and to IGU 255, which may be an optically switchable window. Network adapter 251a is configured to provide power and data to target set 253 (also referred to herein as a "target set"), eg, using Power over Ethernet protocol (PoE). The network adapter 251d is connected to at least one third-party device 257, such as a computing device. Network adapter 251d is configured to provide network connectivity to third party device 257 . Providing network connectivity may include implementing logic that supports a link layer discovery protocol (LDLP) such as PoE. Targets can contain devices. The device may include a transceiver, sensor, transmitter, display, smart window, processor, controller (eg, a local controller such as a microcontroller), memory, antenna, or communication hub.

In the example shown in FIG. 2 , control panel 207 is connected to network adapters 251 a - 251 e by links (eg, coaxial cables) 259 . Connections can be by coaxial or other types of (eg, electrical and/or optical) cables, such as disclosed herein. The control plane 209 is connected to client nodes on the horizontal data plane 221 by links (eg, coaxial cables) 261 . The control panel 211 is connected to client nodes on the horizontal data plane 223 by links (eg, coaxial cables) 263 . In the example shown in FIG. 2 , the control panel 207 includes two heads 265 a and 265 b , a switch 267 (abbreviated herein as “SW”) and a distributed antenna system (abbreviated herein as “DAS”) 269 . The switch is operatively coupled (eg, to two edge distribution frame devices (abbreviated herein as "EDF")). Headend 265a is connected to a plurality of links (eg, coaxial cables), including link (eg, coaxial cable) 259 . Although not shown, head end 265b is connected to at least one link (eg, coaxial cable). Switch 267 is connected to (eg, communication and/or power) links 204 , 213 , and 217 . Connections may be via optical(s) and/or cables. DAS 269 is configured to control and/or communicate with one or more antennas on horizontal data plane 219 , including antenna 273 . The antennas may be internal building antennas (eg, 273 ) and/or external (eg, donor) antennas (eg, 289 ). In the example shown in FIG. 2 , a power and/or communication link (eg, cable) 271 connects antenna 273 to control panel 207 . Link 271 is also connected to a directional coupler (eg, configured for a directional data communication protocol such as MoCA or G.hn). The other user end nodes 275a and 275b are connected to the control panel 207 via a power and/or communication link (eg, cable) 271 . Headends 265a and 265b are configured to send and/or receive data encoded according to one or more protocols, including (i) Next Generation Native Networking Protocol (abbreviated herein as "G.hn " agreement), (ii) communications technology for the transmission of digital information over power lines traditionally used (for example, only) to deliver electricity, or (iii) designed to communicate and transmit data over a building's electrical wiring (for example, B Ethernet, USB and Wi-Fi) hardware devices. The data transfer protocol can facilitate a data transfer rate of at least about 1 gigabit/second (Gbit/s), 2 Gbit/s, 3 Gbit/s, 4 Gbit/s, or 2 Gbit/s. Data transmission protocols may operate over telephone wiring, coaxial cables, power lines, and/or (eg, plastic) optical fibers. Chips (eg, including semiconductor devices) can be used to facilitate data transfer protocols. In the example shown in FIG. 2 , horizontal data plane 221 includes network adapter 277 connected to control panel 209 by link (eg, coaxial cable) 279 . The horizontal data plane 221 includes physical power (eg, 48V DC) and/or (power and/or communication) wires 281 for connecting one or more antennas (not shown) to the control panel 209 . Horizontal data plane 223 includes, in addition to link (eg, coaxial cable) 263, a second link (eg, coaxial cable) 283 for connecting to one or more network adapters or connecting to other clients node (not shown) to the control panel 211 . The horizontal data plane 223 includes physical (eg, power and/or communication) lines 285 for connecting one or more antennas (not shown) to the control panel 211 . The control panel 211 is also connected to a (eg, cellular) antenna 287 .

In some embodiments, a router (eg, a headend router) routes signals between one or more small cell devices associated with the facility and one or more RAUs associated with the facility. Routers can be configured to route between one small cell device and one RAU, between two or more small cell devices and one RAU, and/or between two or more RAUs and one small cell device Signal. Routers can be configured to dynamically change signal routing based on, for example, configurations received by the small cell controller. The dynamic change of the route can be implemented through the signal controller of the router. In some embodiments, the signal manipulator may be programmable. For example, in some embodiments, the signal manipulator may be programmed to split and/or combine signals from one or more small cell devices and/or one or more RAUs according to configuration received, for example, from the small cell controller. Signal.

As mentioned, network infrastructure such as that depicted in Figures 1 and 2 can be used to establish cellular coverage at the facility to provide cellular functionality and/or to enhance the cellular networks of legacy operators network of facilities. This facility network can be deployed at various facility types (for example, such as airports, shopping malls, banks, hospitals, hotels, or stadiums), allowing people within wireless range of the network infrastructure (for example, in and around the facility) Access to the facility network. Activation of a cellular-enabled mobile device on a facility network may utilize the embedded subscriber identity module (eSIM) of the cellular-enabled mobile device and involves multiple components, including a subscription database, policy and billing system, and eSIM portal. This example is shown in Figure 3 and described below.

Figure 3 shows an example system hierarchy 300 for enabling a mobile device 305 on a facility network 315, according to one embodiment. The mobile device 305 may include a cellular device, such as a mobile phone, a laptop, or a tablet. Facility network 310 may include a network architecture as previously described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2 . Specifically, facility network 310 may include a wireless network capable of providing cellular access to one or more buildings, including any of the previously described facilities. As mentioned, some embodiments may include a multi-facility network. Cellular network 315 may comprise a cellular network (e.g., 3G, 4G, or 5G cellular network, as previously described) provided by a conventional cellular operator or by another provider, such as the provider of facility network 310. Described). In some embodiments, facility network 310 may be viewed as an extended cellular network that provides "roaming" access to cellular network 315 . The cellular network 315 can be communicatively coupled with the facility network 310 , the mobile device 305 , and the Internet 320 . In the example depicted in FIG. 3 , cellular network 315 may provide mobile device 305 and/or facility network 310 with access to Internet 320 . In some embodiments, facility network 310 and/or mobile device 305 may have access to Internet 320 via other means. In addition, an eSIM portal 325, subscription database 330, and policy/billing system 333 usable by the system hierarchy 300 are coupled to the Internet 320 to access and manage eSIMs to mobile devices 305 based on user profiles, activate eSIMs To allow mobile device 305 access to facility network 310, and maintain policy and billing information for eSIMs. Additional details on this procedure are provided below with respect to Figures 4-10.

Because a facility network (eg, facility network 310 ) can be communicatively coupled with a facility's IoT devices, mobile devices enabled on the facility network can enable end users to access and/or control the IoT devices. This may be accomplished by controlling one or more building systems of the facility by facilitating safety, health, and/or environmental control of the facility (eg, by controlling HVAC systems, security cameras, etc.). As described in further detail below, access to some or all such IoT devices may be allowed based on a connectivity profile associated with a mobile device. Connectivity profiles may be linked to security and/or other access types for end users (eg, administrators, staff, etc.). In some embodiments, user preferences may be obtained from an end user. These user preferences may be obtained via a questionnaire when the user first accesses the facility network, or based on preferences observed by the mobile device and/or the facility network over time. These preferences may include facility-related preferences such as preferred temperature, humidity, lighting/window tint, and the like. In some embodiments, the facility network may respond to user preferences of one or more users located in the facility (eg, based on mobile devices connected to the facility network). In some embodiments, based on measurements (e.g., round-trip time (RTT), received signal strength indicator) transmitted and/or received by the mobile device and the plurality of cellular access points , RSSI), etc.) network-based positioning (such as multilateration and/or multiangulation) can enable more accurate location determination of mobile devices, allowing facility networks to A room or other space within a facility implements the user's preferences associated with the mobile device.

4 is a diagram showing what a user experience looks like when activating and utilizing an eSIM-equipped mobile phone 410 at a facility network (eg, facility network 310 ), in some embodiments. An eSIM-equipped mobile phone 410 is a mobile phone capable of downloading an eSIM profile and installing an eSIM (also known as an electrical SIM or a virtual SIM) and using it to access a cellular network in a manner similar to a physical Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card. Telephone. Some mobile phones and other cellular devices may be able to use one or more eSIMs in combination with one or more physical SIM cards to access multiple cellular networks, and eSIMs are designed to allow mobile phones to access cellular networks via the eSIM. network without interfering with cellular service provided via a physical SIM card.

As shown in FIG. 4 , a user 415 of an eSIM-equipped mobile phone 410 can initiate the process of activating the mobile phone 410 on the facility network by obtaining a quick response (QR) code 420 . When used by mobile phone 410, QR code 420 causes mobile phone 410 to send a request to an eSIM portal (e.g., eSIM portal 325), which may be provided by providing a user profile (e.g., eSIM profile) associated with the request. The server executes. The request may be made via an existing Internet connection (eg, via Wi-Fi or a cellular network). As shown, the QR code 420 may be obtained via a kiosk 425 at or near a facility associated with the network of facilities. In some embodiments, the QR code 420 can be obtained via an online portal using any internet-connected device. In some embodiments, information may be provided via signs, tickets, advertisements, or other visual information located on the Internet (e.g., a website associated with the facility and/or the facility's Internet provider) and/or at or near the facility. mark and get a QR code 420. In some embodiments, a barcode, Hyper Document Markup Language (HTML) link, or other indicator may be used by the mobile phone 410 to request a user profile. The QR code 420 or other indicator may have an embedded uniform resource locator (URL) that causes the mobile phone 410 to send a request via a browser or other application executed by the mobile phone 410 .

Although the user profile (e.g., eSIM profile) provided to the mobile phone 410 in response to a request sent to the eSIM portal may have a unique International Mobile Subscriber Identifier (IMSI), the mobile phone 410 The QR code 420 used to make the request can be associated with a plurality of user profiles. Therefore, the mapping of QR code 420 to IMSI may be 1:N, where N is equal to or greater than one. In the case of N=1, the QR code 420 can be generated for a specific user. In such examples, QR code 420 may be generated based on unique personal or personalized data of user 415 and may be generated on demand at kiosk 425 or portal. In one example, user 415 purchases an eSIM using kiosk 425 to gain access to a facility network associated with one or more buildings or facilities. User 415 selects certain connectivity options (bandwidth, time limits, etc.) and enters personal data (name, email address, etc.), and the eSIM portal uses this unique combination of information to generate and include embedded therein The unique QR code 420 associated with the URL request. In this way, each user of the facility network can have a corresponding unique QR code. In the case of N>1, the QR code 420 may be predetermined and associated with a certain type of user. As mentioned, predetermined QR codes may be printed on signs, tickets, and the like. Different QR codes can be given to different user types (eg, ticket holders, visitors, staff, etc.). In one example, a first QR code associated with a ticket holder at the stadium may be printed on a ticket for a sporting event held at the stadium, while a second QR code associated with staff at the stadium may provide On the sign of a room for staff only. (In some embodiments, the digital token may not be unique to a particular user, but may be updated with different QR codes over time to provide different types of access to the facility network at different times.) Definitions vary Groups of user types can be grouped by any of a variety of factors, including by venue, by payment tier (e.g., premium or standard users), role with respect to the facility (e.g., visitor, administrator , or employee/staff), etc. The QR code 420 (whether used by a single user or multiple users of a user type) can be mapped to a connectivity profile that defines the type of connectivity of the mobile phone 410 that, once powered on, will have a connection to the facility network. connectivity.

While an eSIM can be associated with a single connectivity profile, several connectivity profiles can be defined to allow specific users or groups of users to customize access to the facility network. Customizable options defined in a connectivity profile may include, for example, quality of service (QOS), security, network access, or device access. QOS may describe bandwidth, latency, and/or similar connection attributes of a mobile phone. Security may include encryption and/or other means of secure communication. Network access may include access to different types of networks. For example, visitors at a venue may be given access to the Internet, while administrators and staff at the venue may also be granted access to the venue's local area network (LAN). Network access may also include times during which facility network access is available (eg, during events, at certain times of day, on specific schedules, etc.). Device access may allow access to certain devices of a facility, including HVAC controls, window dimming controls, temperature, and/or other sensors, among others. Again, these options can be associated with a connectivity profile, which can be associated with a URL request for a particular QR code 420 .

As mentioned previously, activating a mobile phone on a facility network may not only provide a user with access to the facility network at a particular facility, but may also provide the user with access at other facilities. In the example depicted in FIG. 4, for example, user 415 is allowed access (marked as eSIM-based Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) passport) at Dallas Airport 430, JFK Airport 440, and the facility network at 450 at San Francisco Airport. In some embodiments, once the mobile device is activated on the facility network, the user may be allowed to use any number of different facilities maintained by and/or networked with the facility network. According to some embodiments, upon activation of a mobile device at a first facility, the mobile device may automatically log into the facility network of the first facility and/or communicate with the first facility once the mobile device is within wireless range of the facility network. Other facilities associated with the facility. Thus, in some embodiments, registration may be permanent; there may be no need to register or activate the mobile device more than once.

5 and 6 are swim lane diagrams illustrating an eSIM activation procedure according to an embodiment. The diagram shows the interaction between the various components involved, including mobile phone 505 , eSIM portal 510 , subscription database 515 , and policy/billing system 520 . These components may correspond to their previously described counterparts depicted in FIG. 3 . Although FIGS. 5 and 6 indicate that eSIM portal 510, subscription database 515, and policy/billing system 520 may all belong to a single operator (eg, the operator of a network of facilities), embodiments are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the eSIM portal may be operated and maintained by a different entity than the entity(s) operating the subscription database and/or policy/billing system. In some embodiments, the eSIM portal, subscription database, and policy/billing system may be implemented by a single physical server, or may be implemented using two or more physical servers, which may be at separate geographic locations.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 , the eSIM activation process can be started by providing a QR code to the mobile phone 505 from the eSIM portal 510 , as indicated by the arrow 525 . As mentioned previously and shown in Figure 5, a QR code can be associated with a connection profile and can be mapped to a single IMSI or multiple IMSIs. eSIM portal 525 may provide a QR code via a kiosk (e.g., kiosk 425) or website in response to a purchase or other transaction initiated by an end user of mobile phone 505, or may be provided on a sign, ticket, and/or or other materials. The mobile phone 505 can then be used to scan the QR code (as depicted at action 530), which can prompt the mobile phone 505 to send an eSIM profile download request (e.g., via a URL) to the eSIM portal 510, as depicted by arrow 535 . The mobile phone 505 can be connected to the eSIM portal 510 via the Internet or other networks such as via an existing cellular network connection or a Wi-Fi connection (may be provided at the facility) (e.g., mobile device as in FIG. 3 305 and cellular network 315) to send this request. If personalized (eg, 1:1 QR code to IMSI ratio), QR codes can be generated on demand, and corresponding download requests can include personalized/unique information (eg, via commands/parameters embedded in the URL). After receiving the request, the eSIM portal 510 may determine the eSIM profile to download, as indicated by block 540 .

In some embodiments, deciding which eSIM profile to download may depend on the connectivity profile or connectivity profile type associated with the QR code and subsequent eSIM profile download requests. As mentioned, a network facility can create different connectivity profiles to allow for customizable connectivity for each user or type of user, in areas such as QOS, security, network accessibility, or device Variations in the characteristics of accessibility. Thus, the eSIM portal 510 may associate the eSIM profile with the connectivity profile corresponding to the eSIM profile download request 535, or select an unused eSIM profile that is already associated with the correct connectivity profile, And determine the eSIM profile for mobile phone 505 . After downloading the eSIM profile (illustrated at arrow 545 ), the mobile phone 505 may install the eSIM profile and provide a response for successful eSIM profile installation, as indicated by arrow 550 . In response to receiving this response, eSIM portal 510 may provide an IMSI activation notification to subscription repository 515 to activate IMSI on the facility network. In some embodiments, the methods shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 may be provided according to global standards (for example, according to the relevant specifications of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Association) or used for The eSIM profile activation of the alternative method of eSIM provisioning.

FIG. 6 continues the process depicted in FIG. 5 , illustrating the operations performed by subscription database 515 and policy/billing system 520 . After the subscription repository 515 receives the IMSI initiation notification, then, the subscription repository 515

Detailed specifications regarding the connectivity profile corresponding to the eSIM installed from the policy/billing system 520 are discarded, as indicated at 610 . In some embodiments, connectivity information associated with an eSIM profile may be communicated by eSIM portal 510 to policy/billing system 520 and maintained by the policy/billing system. In some embodiments, connectivity information may be communicated by eSIM portal 510 to subscription database 515 along with ISMI activation notification 555 and further relayed to policy/billing system 520 (e.g., in the communication exchange indicated at 610 ). In some embodiments, the connectivity information provided to policy/billing system 520 may include general connectivity types (e.g., standard guest, premium guest, staff, or administrator), and policy/billing system 520 may provide A specific connectivity profile associated with the connectivity type (eg, indicating QOS profile, access, etc., as shown in FIG. 6 ). In this way, changes or updates of connectivity types may be maintained by policy/billing system 520 . In some embodiments, the connectivity information may be predetermined by the operator such that each eSIM (and associated IMSI) corresponds to a specific connectivity profile. This enables the eSIM portal 510 to provide the end user with an eSIM corresponding to the end user's connectivity profile type. In such embodiments, when the IMSI (or other information) is shared between eSIM portal 510, subscription database 515, and/or policy/billing system 520, connectivity profile information (e.g., , indicating QOS profiles, access, etc.). Depending on the billing configuration (e.g., with the end user), the policy/billing system 520 can be used to bill the end user (e.g., on a one-time, scheduled, or periodic basis), and thus can be used to authenticate Payment is made and (if so) an IMSI corresponding to the eSIM profile installed on mobile phone 505 can be activated in subscription database 515 . Once subscription repository 515 verifies payment and (eg, optionally) connectivity type from policy/billing system 520 , subscription repository 515 may then activate the IMSI on the facility network, as represented by block 615 . If payment has not been made and/or the end user's subscription expires or expires for some other reason, policy/billing system 520 may indicate this to subscription database 515, which may then deactivate the IMSI on the facility network.

FIG. 7 is a swim lane diagram of another example eSIM activation procedure according to an embodiment. In some aspects, FIG. 7 can be viewed as a variation or implementation of the eSIM activation procedure shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 . In this example, components may include mobile device 701 , eSIM portal 702 , subscription database 703 , and policy/billing system 704 . As mentioned, eSIM portal 702, subscription database 703, and policy/billing system 704 may be operated by a single operator or a combination of different operators (eg, as shown in FIG. 8 and described below). At block 705 , the mobile device 701 requests web access from the eSIM portal 702 . This request may be made via an existing Internet connection, for example using a browser or application executed by the mobile device 701 . At block 710 , the eSIM portal 702 receives the network access request, and at block 715 , provides an eSIM profile access code, and at block 720 , the eSIM profile access code is received by the mobile device 701 . The eSIM profile access code may include a QR code (eg, as indicated in previous figures), a barcode, a URL, and/or other information that causes mobile device profile 701 to request an eSIM profile. In some embodiments, the eSIM profile access code can be customized for the mobile device 701 and can have information embedded therein indicating the customization. In response to receiving the eSIM profile access code, then at block 725 the mobile device 701 may request the eSIM profile, which is received by the eSIM portal 702 at block 730 . The request may include information about any connectivity customizations for the mobile device 701 . As mentioned, the eSIM portal 702 can then determine the particular eSIM profile that corresponds to the connectivity profile or type associated with the eSIM profile access code. Next, at block 735 , the eSIM portal 702 provides an eSIM profile, and at block 740 , the eSIM profile is received by the mobile device 701 . At block 745 , the mobile device 701 installs the eSIM profile, and at block 750 , sends a successful installation report, which is received by the eSIM portal 702 at block 755 . Next, at block 760 , the eSIM portal 702 sends an IMSI activation notification, and at block 765 , the IMSI activation notification is received by the subscription repository 703 . At block 770 , the subscription database 703 sends a query for the connectivity profile to the policy/billing system 704 , and at block 775 the connectivity profile is received. As mentioned, at block 780, the policy/billing system 704 may verify the connectivity profile, verify and/or provide specific profile information to the subscription database 703 and/or verify payment that may be associated with eSIM activation. At block 785, verification is received by the subscription repository 703, which in turn initiates the IMSI 790 in the subscription repository. This then enables the mobile device 701 to access the network, as shown at block 795 , at block 797 , network access is enabled by the subscription database 703 based on the active status of the IMSI in the subscription database 703 .

FIG. 8 is a swim lane diagram showing yet another example eSIM activation procedure, which depicts a variation on the procedure shown in FIGS. 5-7 . Similar to previous figures, components include mobile device 801 , subscription database 802 , and policy/billing system 803 . However, in FIG. 8, subscription database 802 and policy/billing system 803 are maintained by facility network operator 804, which maintains and operates the facility network. Operations previously described as being performed by an eSIM portal (e.g., eSIM portal 710 or 702) may be performed by a cellular operator 805 (eg, a legacy cellular operator), which may include an eSIM portal similar to that previously described etc. At blocks 810 and 815, mobile device 801 and cellular operator 805 may perform eSIM download deactivation, which may be performed, for example, in the manner shown in FIGS. 5-7. In response to the activation, the cellular operator may then send an IMSI activation notification 865 to the subscription repository 802 . Subscription database 802, policy/billing system 803, and mobile device 801 may then perform the functions shown at blocks 865-897 for initiating an IMSI on subscription database 802, which may be related to FIG. 7 above. Blocks 765 to 797 describing their details correspond.

FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of a method 900 for establishing user identity in a cellular network of facilities, according to one embodiment. Method 900 may be performed by one or more components of a cellular network of a facility (e.g., eSIM portal, subscription database, and/or policy/billing system) and/or systems comprising the cellular network of the facility . The method of FIG. 9 may be performed or directed by at least one controller (eg, a processor) coupled to a cellular network of a facility. The method of FIG. 9 may be performed or facilitated by a system comprising a cellular network operatively coupled to a facility. A cellular network may include wires configured to transmit power and cellular communications. Cellular communications may comply with at least fourth generation (4G) or fifth generation (5G) cellular communications protocols (eg, as defined by 3GPP or other wireless communications standards bodies). A cellular network may be a facility including the facility. Method 900 begins at 910, where a request for a user profile is received from a user's mobile device. As mentioned, the user profile may include an eSIM profile and/or other information that enables the mobile device to access the facility's cellular network. At 902, method 900 includes determining a connectivity profile based at least in part on the received request, wherein the connectivity profile includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network, the connectivity profile comprising: The cellular network facilitates control of one or more building systems of the facility. The one or more connection characteristics may include a QoS level, an access level, a time during which access to the cellular network is allowed or denied, and/or a bandwidth setting. The access level may include access to one of: (i) information accessible via the cellular network; (ii) a data network accessible via the cellular network; and/or ( iii) A device operatively coupled to the cellular network. Facilitating control of one or more building systems of the facility may include facilitating safety, health, and/or environmental control of the facility. The cellular network is operatively coupled to one or more building systems. The one or more building systems may comprise a collection of devices having a housing enclosing one or more devices comprising: (i) a sensor, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) A sensor and a transmitter. The device collective may be disposed in, or may be attached to, a fixture of the facility. The securing device may comprise a frame portion. The one or more building systems may include a tintable window. The tintable window may comprise an electrochromic window. At 903, functionality includes sending the user profile to the mobile device, wherein the user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile. As mentioned in the previously described embodiments, the user profile may include and/or be associated with an eSIM, which may be associated with a specific connectivity profile (e.g., in a user database and/or in a policy/account single system) associated.

In some embodiments, method 900 may further: (i) receive an acknowledgment that the user profile has been installed on the mobile device; and (ii) in response to receiving the acknowledgment, activate the user profile. Activating the user profile may include sending an IMSI activation notification to a subscription database. The cellular network of facilities can be associated with a plurality of facilities, and activating the user profile can include allowing the mobile device to access the cellular network of at least a subset of the plurality of facilities. Receiving the request (eg, at block 902) may include receiving a URL. In such embodiments, method 900 may further include, prior to receiving the request: (i) generating an indicator of the URL; and (ii) providing the indicator to the user. The indicator may include the URL, a hypertext markup language (HTML) link, a QR code, or a code. Providing the indicator to the user may include sending the indicator to a display, a kiosk, a portal, a user device, or the mobile device. The URL can be unique to that user, user type, event, facility, or venue.

FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of a method 1000 for connecting a mobile device to a cellular network of a facility, according to one embodiment. Method 1000 may be performed by an eSIM-enabled (or similarly enabled) mobile device. The method of FIG. 10 may be performed or facilitated by a system comprising a network operatively coupled to a cellular network of facilities. A cellular network may include wires configured to transmit power and cellular communications. Cellular communications may comply with at least fourth generation (4G) or fifth generation (5G) cellular communications protocols (eg, as defined by 3GPP or other wireless communications standards bodies). A cellular network may be a facility including the facility. Method 1000 begins at 1010, where a URL indicator of the cellular network connected to the facility is obtained. The indicator may include the URL, a hypertext markup language (HTML) link, a QR code, or a code. This can be obtained by the mobile device via a display, a kiosk, a web portal, a user device, or an application (eg, an application or a browser) executed by the mobile device. The URL may be unique to that user, user type, event, facility, or venue. At 1002, a request for a user profile from a mobile device is sent to a user profile portal, wherein the request is based at least in part on the URL indicator. The URL designator may, for example, have a request embedded therein (which may include optional customizations). A user profile may include an eSIM profile and/or other information that enables the mobile device to access the facility's cellular network. At 1003, a user profile is received from a user profile portal, wherein the user profile is associated with a connectivity profile comprising one or more connections for accessing a cellular network of the facility sexual characteristics. The one or more connection characteristics may include a QoS level, an access level, a time during which access to the cellular network is allowed or denied, and/or a bandwidth setting. The access level may include access to one of: (i) information accessible via the cellular network; (ii) a data network accessible via the cellular network; and/or ( iii) A device operatively coupled to the cellular network. Facilitating control of one or more building systems of the facility may include facilitating safety, health, and/or environmental control of the facility. The cellular network is operatively coupled to one or more building systems. The one or more building systems may comprise a collection of devices having a housing enclosing one or more devices comprising: (i) a sensor, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) A sensor and a transmitter. The device collective may be disposed in, or may be attached to, a fixture of the facility. The securing device may comprise a frame portion. The one or more building systems may include a tintable window. The tintable window may comprise an electrochromic window. At 1004, functionality includes accessing a cellular network of facilities with a mobile device via a user profile. As mentioned in the previously described embodiments, the user profile may include and/or be associated with an eSIM, which may be associated with a specific connectivity profile (e.g., in a user database and/or in a policy/account single system) associated. Accessing the network may include installing an eSIM and confirming successful installation to the network.

In some embodiments, a controller receives input from various sources. For example, in some embodiments, the controller may receive transmissions from one or more mobile devices within the facility (including mobile devices accessing the facility network via the methods described herein with respect to FIGS. 3-10 ) and/or or the input associated with the received cellular communication signal. Inputs associated with cellular communication signals may indicate signal strength, current usage of cellular communication by one or more mobile devices (eg, amount of data transmitted during previous time windows), or the like. As another example, in some embodiments, the controller may receive input indicative of current or predicted occupancy of one or more areas of the facility. In some embodiments, the input may come from one or more indicators indicating current occupancy information for one or more specific areas of the facility (e.g., wing, floor, room, office, common area, exterior area, and/or other area). sensor. Example types of sensor data that may be received by the controller include electromagnetic radiation data (e.g., data associated with electromagnetic radiation in the visible light spectrum, infrared spectrum, radio frequency spectrum, ultra-broadband radiation, or any combination thereof), geographic location Signals (such as GPS signals, ultra-wideband signals (UWB), short-range wireless signals, Bluetooth signals (BLE), ultra-high frequency signals (UHF), and/or other geographically-related signals), determined by infrared sensors heat signature, and/or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the input may come from scheduling information associated with the facility. For example, the scheduling information may indicate planned events (eg, meetings, parties, and/or other planned events) that will occur in particular areas of the facility. The scheduling information may indicate timing information associated with the planned event, the planned location, the expected number of people at the planned event, or other suitable event information. Inputs (eg, sensor data, scheduling information, and/or any other input) may be received from the cloud, a server, and/or provided directly to the controller (eg, by a user).

In some embodiments, a user may be located in an enclosure (eg, a facility such as a building). A user may be located using, for example, one or more sensors operatively coupled to a network. A user may carry a tag (eg, an ID tag). Tags may include geolocation technology (eg, a geolocation chip such as a microchip). Geolocation technology and/or tags may include radio frequency identification (eg, RFID) technology (eg, transceiver), Bluetooth technology, and/or global positioning system (GPS) technology. The radio frequency may include an ultra-wideband radio frequency. The tags may be sensed by one or more sensors disposed in the enclosure. The sensor(s) may be disposed in a collective of devices (eg, a collective of objects). A collective of devices may include sensors or transmitters. The sensor(s) may be operably (eg, communicatively) coupled to the network. The network may have, for example, low-latency communication within an enclosure. Radio waves (eg, emitted and/or sensed by tags) may include broadband or ultra-wideband radio signals. Radio waves may include pulsed radio waves. Radio waves may include radio waves used in communications. The radio waves may be at an intermediate frequency of at least about 300 kilohertz (KHz), 500 KHz, 800 KHz, 1000 KHz, 1500 KHz, 2000 KHz, or 2500 KHz. Radio waves may be at intermediate frequencies up to about 500 KHz, 800 KHz, 1000 KHz, 1500 KHz, 2000 KHz, 2500 KHz, or 3000 KHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the foregoing frequency ranges (eg, from about 300 KHz to about 3000 KHz). Radio waves may be at a high frequency of at least about 3 megahertz (MHz), 5 MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, or 25 MHz. Radio waves can be at high frequencies up to about 5 MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 25 MHz or 30 MHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the foregoing frequency ranges (eg, from about 3 MHz to about 30 MHz). Radio waves can be at very high frequencies of at least about 30 megahertz (MHz), 50 MHz, 80 MHz, 100 MHz, 150 MHz, 200 MHz, or 250 MHz. Radio waves can be at very high frequencies up to about 50 MHz, 80 MHz, 100 MHz, 150 MHz, 200 MHz, 250 MHz or 300 MHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the aforementioned frequency ranges (eg, from about 30 MHz to about 300 MHz). The radio waves can be at ultrahigh frequencies of at least about 300 kilohertz (MHz), 500 MHz, 800 MHz, 1000 MHz, 1500 MHz, 2000 MHz, or 2500 MHz. Radio waves can be at ultra high frequencies up to about 500 MHz, 800 MHz, 1000 MHz, 1500 MHz, 2000 MHz, 2500 MHz or 3000 MHz. Radio waves may be at any frequency between the foregoing frequency ranges (eg, from about 300 MHz to about 3000 MHz). The radio waves can be at a very high frequency of at least about 3 gigahertz (GHz), 5 GHz, 8 GHz, 10 GHz, 15 GHz, 20 GHz, or 25 GHz. Radio waves may be at ultrahigh frequencies up to about 5 GHz, 8 GHz, 10 GHz, 15 GHz, 20 GHz, 25 GHz, or 30 GHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the aforementioned frequency ranges (eg, from about 3 GHz to about 30 GHz).

In some embodiments, the occupant identification tag includes a location device. Location devices (also referred to herein as "location devices") may damage radio transmitters and/or receivers (eg, wideband or ultra-wideband radio transmitters and/or receivers). The positioning device may include a Global Positioning System (GPS) device. The positioning device may include a Bluetooth device. The positioning device may include radio wave transmitters and/or receivers. Radio waves may include broadband or ultra-wideband radio signals. Radio waves may include pulsed radio waves. Radio waves may include radio waves used in communications. The radio waves may be at an intermediate frequency of at least about 300 kilohertz (KHz), 500 KHz, 800 KHz, 1000 KHz, 1500 KHz, 2000 KHz, or 2500 KHz. Radio waves may be at intermediate frequencies up to about 500 KHz, 800 KHz, 1000 KHz, 1500 KHz, 2000 KHz, 2500 KHz, or 3000 KHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the foregoing frequency ranges (eg, from about 300 KHz to about 3000 KHz). Radio waves may be at a high frequency of at least about 3 megahertz (MHz), 5 MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, or 25 MHz. Radio waves can be at high frequencies up to about 5 MHz, 8 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 25 MHz or 30 MHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the foregoing frequency ranges (eg, from about 3 MHz to about 30 MHz). Radio waves can be at very high frequencies of at least about 30 megahertz (MHz), 50 MHz, 80 MHz, 100 MHz, 150 MHz, 200 MHz, or 250 MHz. Radio waves can be at very high frequencies up to about 50 MHz, 80 MHz, 100 MHz, 150 MHz, 200 MHz, 250 MHz or 300 MHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the aforementioned frequency ranges (eg, from about 30 MHz to about 300 MHz). The radio waves can be at ultrahigh frequencies of at least about 300 kilohertz (MHz), 500 MHz, 800 MHz, 1000 MHz, 1500 MHz, 2000 MHz, or 2500 MHz. Radio waves can be at ultra high frequencies up to about 500 MHz, 800 MHz, 1000 MHz, 1500 MHz, 2000 MHz, 2500 MHz or 3000 MHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the foregoing frequency ranges (eg, from about 300 MHz to about 3000 MHz). The radio waves can be at a very high frequency of at least about 3 gigahertz (GHz), 5 GHz, 8 GHz, 10 GHz, 15 GHz, 20 GHz, or 25 GHz. Radio waves may be at ultrahigh frequencies up to about 5 GHz, 8 GHz, 10 GHz, 15 GHz, 20 GHz, 25 GHz, or 30 GHz. The radio waves may be at any frequency between the foregoing frequency ranges (eg, from about 3 GHz to about 30 GHz).

In some embodiments, a controller (eg, as part of a control system) receives input from a server and/or another controller, eg, that predicts future occupancy information in one or more zones of the facility. In some embodiments, a neural network may be used to generate predictions. For example, a neural network can take sensor data (eg, indicative of occupancy information) and/or scheduling information as input and can generate occupancy levels for specific areas of a building at a specific time or within a specific time window. level) as output. An example prediction may be that a cafeteria area of a facility may have a certain predicted occupancy (eg, from about 50 to 100 people, from about 100 to 200 people, etc.) between 11 am and 1 pm. Another example prediction may be that an auditorium area of a facility may have a specific predicted occupancy (e.g., from about 10 to 20 people, from about 20 to 30 people, etc.). The neural network can generate predictions based at least in part on sensor data obtained over any suitable time period (eg, previous week, last month, last year, and/or any other time period). In some embodiments, the neural network may be updated based on newly acquired sensor data to generate updated occupancy predictions. Neural networks can include machine learning algorithms. The neural network may be a deep neural network (eg, convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network, long short-term memory network, or the like). In some embodiments, the neural network-like classifier may be a classifier that generates predictions that the occupancy of a particular area of a facility will fall within a particular occupancy range.

FIG. 11 shows an example of a schematic diagram 1100 of information sources for a controller. In the example shown in FIG. 11 , one or more controllers 1102 receive sensor and/or schedule data 1101 . The one or more controllers 1102 may be local controllers (eg, local to the facility, a local area network coupled to the facility, or other local controllers). In some embodiments, one or more controllers 1102 may have cloud components. Sensor and/or scheduling data 1101 may be received from the cloud, a server, and/or provided directly to controller(s) 1102 .

In some embodiments, the data is analyzed by an artificial intelligence learning module. The data can be sensor data, schedule data, and/or user input. A learning module may include at least one rational decision-making process, and/or learning using data (eg, as a study set). Data analysis can be used to adjust the environment, for example, by adjusting one or more components that affect the environment of the enclosure. Data analysis can be used to control a target device based on user preferences, eg, to produce a product, and/or select a target device (eg, based on user preferences and/or user location). Data analysis can be performed by machine-based systems (eg, including circuits). A circuit may have a processor. Sensor data analysis can leverage artificial intelligence. Data analysis may rely on one or more models (eg, mathematical models). In some embodiments, data analysis comprises linear regression, least squares fitting, Gaussian procedure regression, kernel regression, nonparametric multiplicative regression (NPMR), regression trees, local regression, semiparametric regression, isotonic regression, multivariate adaptive Regression splines (MARS), logistic regression, robust regression, polynomial regression, stepwise regression, ridge regression, lasso regression, elastic net regression, principal component analysis (PCA), singular value decomposition, fuzzy measure theory, Borel ) measure, Han (Han) measure, risk-neutral measure, Lebesgue (Lebesgue) measure, grouped data handling method (GMDH), naive Bayesian classifier, k-nearest neighbor algorithm (k-NN), support Vector Machines (SVM), Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Random Forests, Gradient Boosting or Generalized Linear Modeling (GLM) techniques. Data analysis may include deep learning algorithms and/or artificial neural networks (ANN). Data analysis can include a learning scheme with multiple layers in a network (eg, ANN). The learning of the learning modules can be supervised, semi-supervised or unsupervised. Deep learning architectures can include deep neural networks, deep belief networks, recurrent neural networks, or convolutional neural networks. The learning solutions may be for computer vision, machine vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, audio recognition, social network filtering, machine translation, bioinformatics, drug design, medical image analysis, materials inspection programs, and/or board game programs learning plan.

In some embodiments, a controller (eg, a small cell controller) associated with a facility determines a configuration for routing signals between one or more small cell devices and one or more RAUs. The controller may determine based on signal information (e.g., current signal strength information, current cellular network usage information, and/or any other signal information), current occupancy information, predicted occupancy information, and/or any combination thereof. Determine the configuration. In some embodiments, signal strength information may be predicted based at least in part on factors such as building shape, location of antennas relative to the location of the mobile device, building construction materials, or the like. For example, relatively weak signal strengths may be predicted in situations where: the mobile device is relatively far away from one or more antennas; the mobile device is in an area of the facility with certain types of walls that block radio frequency (RF) signals; and/or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, current and/or predicted occupancy information is used to determine a configuration for routing signals between one or more small cell devices and one or more RAUs. For example, it may be determined to place two or more small cells in response to, for example, receiving input indicating more than predetermined occupancy (e.g., current and/or predicted occupancy) in a particular floor or area of a facility associated with a single RAU. A configuration in which devices are assigned to a single RAU associated with a specific floor or area of a facility. Predetermined occupancy may refer to headcount (e.g., measured or predicted headcount), relative occupancy relative to normal or typical occupancy increases (e.g., 10% increase, 20% increase, and/or any other suitable increase), and/or any Other suitable occupancy metrics. This increase can be measured as a percentage or headcount. As another example, it may be determined to place a small cell in response to receiving input indicating less than a predetermined occupancy (e.g., current and/or predicted occupancy) in a particular floor or area of a facility associated with one or more RAUs. A configuration in which devices are assigned to one or more RAUs associated with a particular floor or area of a facility.

In some embodiments, the configuration is based at least in part on the capacity of one or more small cell devices. For example, the configuration can be determined based at least in part on the resiliency or reserve capacity of the small cell device. The elastic or reserve capacity of the small cell device may indicate that the capacity headroom of the small cell device exceeds the typical (eg, average) usage of the small cell device. For example, a configuration may be determined such that a small cell device routes signals to or from a plurality of RAUs, wherein the number of RAUs in the plurality of RAUs is determined based at least in part on the resiliency or reserve capacity (e.g. , such that the number of RAUs does not cause the small cell device to exceed its capacity). The capacity of the small cell device can be determined based at least in part on the bandwidth of the small cell device. The bandwidth of the small cell device may indicate the number of devices (eg, mobile devices or UEs) that the small cell device can support.

In some embodiments, the configuration for routing signals between one or more small cell devices at the facility and one or more RAUs associated with the facility is based at least in part on usage information associated with the facility. Usage information may include occupancy information in a facility. The occupancy information may include current occupancy information associated with the facility and/or predicted occupancy information associated with the facility. Occupancy information may be determined based at least in part on sensor data, scheduling information, output of one or more machine learning models, and/or any combination thereof. Sensor data can be obtained by occupancy sensors. Occupancy sensors may include visible light sensors (eg, video cameras), IR sensors (eg, IR cameras), geolocation sensors, identification tags, sound sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, VOC sensors , oxygen sensor, particulate matter sensor, or humidity sensor. Sometimes, sensor data can be analyzed (eg, integrated), and analysis of sensor data can provide occupancy determinations and/or predictions. Analysis can be directed and/or performed by a controller. The analysis may be performed by a processor operatively coupled to the controller(s) (eg, as part of a control system of the facility). These sensors can be coupled to the network of the facility. At least one of the sensors may be located inside the facility (eg, in a building). At least one of the sensors may be located outside the facility (eg, outside a building).

In some embodiments, current occupancy information indicates the number of people (people) currently in a particular location or area of the facility. Examples of current occupancy information include X people currently in the cafeteria, Y people currently on the 10th floor, Z people currently on the terrace, etc., where X, Y and Z are integers. In some embodiments, current occupancy information may be determined based at least in part on sensor data. Examples of sensor data that can be used to determine current occupancy information include sensor data from short-range wireless beacon devices (e.g., ID tags), RF sensing data, geolocation data (e.g., GPS data or other positioning data) , data from UWB tags or beacons, infrared data (eg, to indicate the presence of persons in a particular area), data from one or more camera devices, and/or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, current occupancy information may be estimated. Current occupancy information may be estimated based at least in part on sensor data, schedule information, or any combination thereof. For example, in some embodiments, current occupancy information may be estimated based at least in part on scheduling information (e.g., based at least in part on scheduled calendar events associated with a particular number of invitees), and based at least in part on emotional The instrument data can be used to adjust.

In some embodiments, the predicted occupancy information indicates the number of people (people) who will be at a particular location or area of the facility in the future. In some embodiments, the predicted occupancy information may be for a specific future date and/or time, such as for a date and/or time when an event is scheduled (e.g., as listed in one or more calendars associated with the facility) instruct). In some embodiments, the predicted occupancy information may be for recurring days of the week, days of the month, or the like. For example, predicted occupancy information may indicate an estimate of X people in the auditorium area of the facility on a day of the week and time of day corresponding to a weekly meeting, at the entrance of the facility on a weekday corresponding to a time of day corresponding to general commuting or commuting Take an estimate of person Y, or the like. In some embodiments, predicted occupancy information may be determined using a trained machine learning model (eg, using AI). For example, a trained machine learning model can generate an output indicative of predicted occupancy on a particular day and/or time of day. In one example, a trained machine learning model can predict occupancy information for recurring specific days of the week, specific days of the month, specific times of day, and the like. In other examples, a trained machine learning model can identify occupancy information corresponding to specific times of on and/or off work on a typical workday. As another example, a trained machine learning model may identify occupancy information indicating that people tend to congregate in particular areas on Friday nights. A trained machine learning model may take sensor data, scheduling information, or any combination thereof as input (eg, as a learning set). The learning set may include, for example, historical occupancy data obtained by any of the occupancy means described herein. The machine learning model can be retrained, for example, weekly, monthly, and/or at any other point in time. Machine learning models can be trained on-the-fly and/or at low occupancy times in the facility (e.g. during nighttime or working hours at home; after hours, weekends, and holidays at workplaces; during weekdays at leisure centers or shopping malls) (or retrain).

12 shows an example schematic diagram 1200 of an example of a system for routing signals. In the example shown in FIG. 12 , headend router 1202 routes signals between macrocell 1204 and RAU 1208 . Each of the RAUs 1208 is communicatively coupled to one or more antennas (eg, DAS). For example, RAU 1210 is communicatively coupled to antenna 1212 . Each RAU may be associated with a coverage area (eg, a portion of a building or an entire floor). The macro cell 1213 and the small cell device 1214 are communicatively coupled to a cellular network 1216 . Cellular network 1216 provides connectivity between macrocell 1204 and Internet 1228 . PDN GW 1218 acts as an interface between cellular network 1216 and other packet data networks, such as Internet 1228 and/or IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) networks based on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) road.

Small cell controller 1230 determines the configuration of headend router 1202 to route signals between small cell device 1214 and RAU 1208 . Small cell controller 1230 may be part of a control system, eg, as disclosed herein. The small cell controller 1230 provides control signals 1232 to the headend router 1202 . Control signal 1232 may instruct headend router 1202 to route signals between small cell device 1214 and RAU 1208 in configuration. Small cell controller 1230 determines the configuration based at least in part on input data 1234 . Input data 1234 may be obtained from one or more servers or control systems associated with the building. Switch 1236 connects network 1216 to small cell controller 1230 . Switch 1236 operatively couples network 1216 to the facility's network (eg, a building area network). Operationally coupling may include communicative and/or electrical coupling.

In some embodiments, the cellular network 1216 may include a 5G network. In such embodiments, headend router 1202 may optionally receive 5G signals from a macro gNodeB (gNB) cell. The cellular network 1216 including the 5G network may include session management function (Session Management Function, SMF), user plane function (User Plane Function, UPF), and access and mobility function (Access and Mobility Function, AMF) . A cellular network 1216 including a 5G network may provide connectivity between the small cell device 1214 and the Internet 1228 . SMF can be responsible for: interacting with the decoupled data plane; creating, updating, and/or removing protocol data unit (Protocol Data Unit, PDU) dialogue; using UPF to manage dialogue content and assign user equipment (User Equipment, UE) devices IP address, any combination thereof, or other functions. The UPF may be responsible for: (1) packet routing and/or forwarding; (2) buffering packets for UEs in idle mode; (3) any combination thereof; or (4) other functions. AMF may be responsible for handling connection and/or mobility management tasks.

In some embodiments, the cellular network 1216 may include a 4G network. In such an embodiment, the cellular network 1216 including a 4G network may include a packet data network (Packet Data Network, PDN) gateway (GW), a serving GW, and/or a mobility management entity (mobility management entity) , MME). The Serving GW may perform various functions, such as: (i) routing and forwarding user plane data packets; (iii) buffering downlink data packets for UEs in idle mode; and/or (iv) any combination thereof. The MME can perform various functions, such as: (I) select a PDN gateway and/or serving GW; (II) authenticate the user (e.g., by interacting with a home user server); (III) call and mark those in idle mode UE; (IV) providing control plane mobility between the 4G core network and other core networks (e.g., 2G networks, 3G networks, and/or other networks); and/or (V) any of its combination.

In some embodiments, at least one small cell controller (eg, as part of a control system) dynamically adjusts the coverage area of one or more small cell devices in a facility (eg, including a building). The coverage area of at least one (eg, each) small cell device can be varied to different locations and coverage areas throughout the facility, eg, based at least in part on actual and/or predicted usage demands. For example, a small cell device currently serving a particular coverage area on the first floor of a building may be reassigned to serve a coverage area on the sixth floor of the building. For example, a small cell device currently serving a first building of a facility may be reassigned to serve a coverage area on a second building of the facility. Multiple coverage areas currently served by multiple small cell devices can be reassigned to be served by a single small cell device. A single coverage area currently served by a single small cell device can be reassigned to be served by multiple small cell devices (eg, with touching or overlapping ranges). In some embodiments, the ability of the small cell controller(s) to dynamically adjust the coverage area of a small cell device facilitates efficient use of the capacity of the small cell device through flexible allocation.

In some embodiments, the small cell controller adjusts the coverage area of one or more small cell devices. The small cell controller(s) may adjust one or more small cells by changing signal routing between one or more small cell devices associated with the facility and one or more radio access units (RAUs) The area covered by the device. RAUs may be geographically dispersed in a facility (eg, having multiple enclosures). The RAU is communicatively coupled to one or more antennas. One or more antennas can be jointly used as a distributed antenna system (distributed antenna system, DAS). One or more antennas may correspond to a particular coverage area. For example, a RAU may serve a dedicated area of a facility. For example, a particular RAU may be placed on a particular floor of a building, in a particular wing of a building, in a particular building of a facility, or any combination thereof. By changing the signal routing between the small cell device and the RAU, the small cell controller can amplify, reduce, reposition, and/or otherwise change the coverage area of at least one (e.g., each) small cell device, thereby modifying The way small cell capacity is deployed throughout the facility.

In some embodiments, signals are routed between one or more small cell devices and one or more RAUs. Signals routed between the small cell device and the RAU include upstream and downstream cellular communications along the path between the user equipment device (UE) and the network, such as a cellular communications core network, e.g., a 5G core network Signal. The network can be configured to transmit and/or receive data according to at least second generation (2G), third generation (3G), fourth generation (4G), or fifth generation (5G) cellular communication protocols. A network may provide a connection to the Internet. The communication between the network and the UE can be bidirectional or unidirectional. For example, communication between the network and the UE can be bidirectional, including downstream data (eg, from the core network to the UE) and upstream data (eg, from the UE to the core network). Along this path, the signals routed between the small cell device and the RAU may be analog or digital signals. Where the signal comprises an analog signal, the signal may comprise a baseband signal or an intermediate frequency (IF) signal. For example, in the downstream direction, the small cell device may modulate downstream data from the network (e.g., bits representing network traffic, audio signals, and/or other data) and modulate that downstream data into routed Downstream baseband or IF signal to RAU. The RAU upconverts the downstream baseband or IF signal to a radio frequency (RF) frequency for transmission to UEs within a specific coverage area. In the upstream direction, the UE may transmit RF frequency signals received by the RAU. The RAU can down-convert the RF signal to an upstream baseband or IF signal that can be routed to the small cell device. The small cell device can demodulate the upstream baseband or IF signal into upstream data (eg, bits representing network traffic, audio signals, and/or other data) and send the upstream data to the core network. In the case of digital signals routed between the small cell device(s) and the RAU(s), the RAU(s) may receive digital signals (e.g. downstream signals from the cellular core communications core network digital representation). The RAU(s) may upsample and/or upconvert digital signals to RF frequency signals. The RAU may then cause one or more antennas (eg, DAS) to transmit RF frequency signals. In the downstream direction, the RAU may down convert the received RF signal. The RAU can down-sample the down-converted RF signal. The down-converted RF signal can be transmitted to one or more small cell devices as a digitized representation of the received RF signal.

In some embodiments, the small cell device(s) and the RAU(s) are operatively coupled to the router. A router (eg, a head-end router) may provide physical switching capabilities for routing signals between one or more small cell devices and one or more RAUs associated with the facility. This physical switching capability can be provided according to a programmable routing configuration. The programmable routing configuration can be changed dynamically (eg, on the fly). The programmable routing configuration can be pre-programmed. The small cell controller can provide routing configuration and, for example, control routers thereby. The small cell controller can determine the configuration based at least in part on the input data. Input data can be received through the network. For example, input data may be received from a control system, sensor(s), and/or servers associated with the facility. The control system may include or be separate from the small cell controller. In some embodiments, the control system configured to control the facility includes a small cell controller.

In some embodiments, the building network infrastructure has a vertical data plane (between building floors) and a horizontal data plane (all within a single floor or multiple (eg, consecutive) floors). In some cases, the horizontal and vertical data planes have (eg, substantially) at least one (eg, all) of the data carrying capabilities and/or components of the same or similar data. In other cases, the two data planes have at least one (eg, all) different data carrying capabilities and/or components. For example, a vertical data plane may contain one or more components for fast data transfer rates and/or bandwidth. In one example, the vertical data plane includes data transmissions that support at least about 10 gigabits per second (Gbit/s) or faster (e.g., Ethernet) (e.g., using Type 1 cabling (e.g., UTP) electrical wires and/or fiber optic cables)), while the horizontal data plane contains components supporting up to approximately 8 Gbit/s, 5 Gbit/s or 1 Gbit/s (e.g. Ethernet) data transmission (e.g. type of wiring (for example, coaxial cable)). In some cases, the horizontal data plane supports data transmission via G.hn or Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA) standards (eg, MoCA 2.5 or MoCA 3.0). In some embodiments, G.hn is a specification for regional (eg, facility, such as a home) networking. The G.hn specification facilitates operation on four types of wires including telephone wiring, coaxial cables, power lines, or plastic optical fibers. G.hn semiconductor devices may be capable of network connection (eg, reducing installation and/or deployment costs) over any supported wire type in the facility. In some embodiments, MoCA publishes standard specifications for network connections (eg, Ethernet links) over coaxial cables. In some embodiments, connections between floors on the vertical data plane use control panels with high-speed (e.g., Ethernet) switches that connect the horizontal data plane to the vertical data plane and/or Communication pairing between different types of cabling. These control panels can be communicated with on a given floor (e.g., IP) addressable node (eg, device) communication. The horizontal and vertical data planes in a single building structure are depicted in FIG. 1 .

In some embodiments, the small cell controller transmits a configuration for routing signals between one or more small cell devices associated with the facility and one or more RAUs associated with the facility. The small cell controller may determine the configuration, for example, based at least in part on current and/or predicted (eg, future) usage of the small cell device by one or more mobile devices in the facility.

In some embodiments, the head-end router receives the configuration from the controller(s) (eg, from the small cell controller). A controller can be part of a control system (eg, as disclosed herein). The headend router can route downstream signals based at least in part on the configuration. For example, a small cell device of one or more small cell devices may receive downstream data (e.g., representing network traffic, audio signals, and/or bits of other data). The small cell device is communicatively coupled to the network. Downstream data can be targeted to specific UEs (eg, mobile devices) in the facility. Downstream signals transmitted from one or more small cell devices to one or more RAUs may be analog or digital. In cases where the signal is an analog signal, in response to receiving the downstream data, the small cell device may modulate the downstream data into a downstream signal (eg, a baseband or intermediate frequency (IF) signal). In the case of a downstream signal multi-bit signal, the small cell device may transmit a digitized representation of the received downstream signal. For example, a digitized representation may include a received downstream signal sampled at a particular sampling rate (eg, at least about the Nyquist frequency). The small cell device can transmit downstream signals to the headend router. The headend router can handle one or more downstream signals, including downstream signals received from small cell devices. Manipulation of downstream signals can be programmable. For example, where the configuration indicates that downstream signals from two or more small cell devices (e.g., two, three, five, ten, or the like) (including the small cell device transmitting the downstream signal) are routed to In the case of a single RAU, the headend router can combine downstream signals from two or more small cell devices. In some embodiments, such as where the downstream signal is an analog signal, the headend router may combine the downstream signals from two or more small cell devices (each occupying a different frequency band) into a single wideband signal and combine the wideband signal Route to RAU. In some embodiments, such as in the case of downstream signaling co-bit signals, the head-end router may combine the digital signals from two or more small cell devices and route the combined digital signals to the RAU. As another example, where the configuration indicates that downstream signals from one small cell device are routed to two or more RAUs (e.g., two, three, five, ten, or the like), the header An end router can split a downstream signal from a small device into multiple versions of the same downstream signal and route each version to a counterpart of the two or more RAUs.

In some embodiments, the downstream signal is provided to one or more RAUs via one or more cables. In some embodiments, the one or more cables may be fiber optic cables, coaxial cables, twisted pair wires, and/or any combination thereof. The one or more cables can be any cables disclosed herein. Cabling may be considered part of a facility's network (eg, part of a facility's local area network). For example, in some embodiments, one or more fiber optic cables may be used to carry downstream signals from the headend router to specific floors or areas of the facility. In some embodiments, one or more coaxial cables may be used to carry downstream signals within a particular floor or area of the facility to a particular RAU. In some embodiments, for example, where the downstream signal includes an analog signal, the headend router may amplify the downstream signal. For example, in some embodiments, the headend router may amplify the downstream signal based on information received from the small cell controller. Examples of cabling, networks, objects (such as devices), and control systems can be found in International Patent Application No. PCT/US21/17946, filed February 12, 2021; and U.S. Patent, filed October 28, 2020 Application No. 17/083,128, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

In some embodiments, the RAU receives downstream signals from the headend router. The RAU can then upconvert the downstream signal. For example, the RAU may upconvert the downstream signal to an RF frequency band associated with one or more antennas communicatively coupled to the RAU. In cases where the downstream signal received from the headend router comprises a digital signal, the RAU may upsample the downstream signal. The RAU may then upconvert the upsampled downstream signal. For example, the RAU may upconvert the upsampled downstream signal to an RF frequency associated with one or more antennas communicatively coupled to the RAU. A RAU may cause one or more antennas to transmit up-converted downstream signals. In some embodiments, one or more antennas can amplify downstream signals.

In some embodiments, the headend router routes upstream signals based at least in part on the configuration. For example, the RAU receives upstream signals from one or more antennas communicatively coupled to the RAU. The RAU can then down convert the upstream signal. For example, in cases where the upstream signal transmitted from the RAU to one or more small cell devices comprises an analog signal, the RAU may down-convert the upstream signal to a base frequency or an intermediate frequency (abbreviated herein as "IF"). The RAU transmits the down-converted upstream signal to the headend router. As another example, in cases where the upstream signal transmitted from the RAU to one or more small cell devices comprises a digital signal, the RAU may down-convert the upstream signal to a baseband frequency or IF. The RAU may down-sample the down-converted upstream signal to generate a digitized representation of the upstream signal.

In some embodiments, the upstream signal is provided to the headend router via one or more cables. In some embodiments, the one or more cables may be fiber optic cables, coaxial cables, and/or any combination thereof. Cabling may be considered part of a facility's network (eg, part of a facility's local area network). For example, in some embodiments, one or more fiber optic cables may be used to carry upstream signals from RAUs on a particular floor or in a particular area of the facility to the headend router. In some embodiments, one or more coaxial cables may be used to carry upstream signals within a particular floor or area of a facility to a particular RAU.

The headend router may handle one or more upstream signals, including upstream signals received from the RAU. Manipulation of upstream signals may be programmable. For example, where the configuration indicates that upstream signals from two or more RAUs (e.g., two, three, five, ten, or the like) (including the RAU transmitting the upstream signal) are routed to a single small cell device In this case, the headend router may combine upstream signals from two or more RAUs. In some embodiments, the headend router may combine upstream signals from two or more RAUs to be routed to the small cell device. For example, in cases where the upstream signals include analog signals, the headend router may combine the upstream signals from two or more RAUs into a single frequency band. As another example, where the configuration indicates that upstream signals from one RAU are routed to two or more small cell devices (e.g., two, three, five, ten, or the like), the header The end router can split the upstream signal from one RAU into a plurality of upstream signals, and route each upstream signal to the corresponding small cell device. For example, in cases where the upstream signals include analog signals, the headend routers may have multiple upstream signals associated with different frequency bands.

In some embodiments, the controller determines a configuration for routing signals between the one or more small cell devices and the one or more RAUs. The controller may be a small cell controller that transmits an indication of the configuration to, for example, a router associated with the facility (eg, a headend router). In some embodiments, at least a portion of the controller may have a cloud component. In some embodiments, the controller may be part of a control system associated with the facility. For example, a controller may be part of a control system associated with a facility that controls a lighting system, an HVAC system, or the like.

In some embodiments, current and/or predicted occupancy information is determined based at least in part on schedule information. Scheduling information may include calendar information, such as one or more calendars associated with a facility. A calendar may be associated with a particular area, floor, room, etc. of a facility, such as a calendar used to reserve a particular location for an event. A calendar may be associated with, for example, one or more individuals who work at the facility, manage the facility, or the like.

In some embodiments, usage information associated with devices in the facility is used to determine channel sharing agreements for the plurality of small cells routed to the RAU. A device may be a service device (eg, a device utilized by personnel in a facility). A service unit can be factory machinery, a printer, or a vending machine. For example, in the case where small cells transmit analog data, usage information can be used to determine channel sharing agreements such that multiple small cells share a channel assigned to a single RAU. Examples of channel sharing protocols include Frequency-division multiple access (FDMA), time-division multiple access (TDMA), code-division multiple access (CDMA) , and/or space-division multiple access (SDMA).

In some embodiments, a control system is operatively coupled to one or more objects of a facility and configured to control the one or more objects (eg, devices). For example, a control system may control mechanical, electrical, electromechanical, and/or electromagnetic (eg, optical and/or thermal) actions of objects. For example, the control system can control the physical motion of the target. For example, the control system may control whether a target device is on or off, whether any of its controllable compartments are open or closed, direct directionality (e.g., left, right, up, down), enter and/or change settings, allow or deny accessing, transferring data to memory, resetting data in memory, uploading and/or downloading software or executable code to a target device, causing executable code to be associated with and/or incorporated into a target device The processor in the device runs, changes the channel, changes the volume, causes an action to return to a default setting and/or mode. The control system can change setpoints stored in data sets associated with objects, configure or reconfigure software associated with objects. Memory can be associated with and/or part of a target. The control system may include small cell controller(s).

In some embodiments, the target is operatively (eg, communicatively) coupled to a facility's network (eg, communication, power, and/or control network). Once the target becomes operatively coupled to the network of the facility, it may be part of the target controlled via the control system. The target may be a device (eg, a sensor or transmitter). An object (eg, a third-party object) may provide one or more services to a user. For example, a target (eg, a target device) may be an allocator. The dispenser can dispense food, beverages and/or equipment on command. The target may be a service device. Service devices may include media players (eg, the media may include music, video, television, and/or the Internet), manufacturing equipment, medical devices, and/or sports equipment. Target devices may include televisions, recording devices (such as video cassette recorders (VCRs), digital video recorders (DVRs), or any non-volatile memory), digital versatile discs, or Digital video disc (DVD) players, digital audio file players (e.g. MP3 players), cable and/or satellite converter set-top boxes (“STB”), amplifiers, compact disc (CD) players, game consoles, Home lighting, electrically controlled shades (e.g., blinds), tintable windows (e.g., electrochromic windows), fans, HVAC systems, thermostats, personal computers, dispensers (e.g., soap, beverage, food, or appliance dispensers ), washer, or dryer. In some embodiments, the target (e.g., target device) excludes entertainment devices (e.g., televisions, recording devices (e.g., video card recorders (VCRs), digital video recorders (DVRs), or any non-volatile memory media), digital versatile disc or digital video disc (DVD) players, digital audio file players (e.g., MP3 players), cable and/or satellite converter set-top boxes (“STB”), amplifiers, compact disc (CD ) player, and/or game console). The target may be a control target. In some embodiments, the one or more devices include services, office and/or factory equipment.

In some embodiments, the facility includes a local area network. A network is operatively coupled to the control system. A network may be a network of facilities (eg, of a building). Networks can be configured to carry communications and/or power. The network can be any of the networks disclosed herein. A network may extend to a room, floor, rooms, floors, building, or buildings of a facility. The network is operatively coupled (e.g., to facilitate power and/or communication) to control systems (e.g., as disclosed herein), sensors, transmitters, antennas, routers, power supplies, building management systems (and/or its components). The network is operably coupled to personal computers of users (eg, employees and/or tenants) (eg, occupants) associated with the facility. At least part of the network may be installed as an initial network of the facility and/or arranged in an envelope structure of the facility. At least a portion of the network may be the first network deployed in the facility, such as when setting up the facility. A network is operatively coupled to one or more objects (e.g., devices) in a facility that perform operations for or associated with the facility (e.g., production machinery, communication machinery, and/or service devices, such as service machinery). Production machinery may include computers, factory-related machinery, and/or any other machinery configured to produce products (for example, printers and/or dispensers). Service machinery may include food and/or beverage related machinery, sanitation related machinery (eg mask dispensers and/or sanitizer dispensers). Communication machinery may include media projectors, media displays, touch screens, speakers, and/or luminaires (eg, entry, exit, and/or security luminaires).

In some embodiments, usage information is used to determine power specifications for one or more components of the facility (eg, for transmitting and/or receiving upstream and/or downstream signals). For example, the small cell controller may transmit instructions to one or more RAUs of the facility instructing the one or more RAUs to amplify signals received from the router before causing one or more antennas to be operatively coupled to the RAUs to transmit signals. (for example, the head-end router) for downstream signals. As another example, the small cell controller may transmit instructions to one or more RAUs of the facility instructing the one or more RAUs to amplify signals received from operating An upstream signal coupled to one or more antennas of the one or more RAUs. In some embodiments, the small cell controller can identify RAUs to amplify upstream and/or downstream signals based at least in part on the usage information. For example, in situations where usage information indicates that one or more devices receiving information from an antenna operatively coupled to a particular RAU are outside a predetermined proximity to the antenna, the small cell controller may instruct the RAU to amplify upstream and/or downstream Signal. Usage information may include the proximity of one or more devices to one or more antennas in the facility, and/or an indication of line-of-sight between one or more devices and one or more antennas in the facility (e.g., one or more between the multiple devices and one or more antennas is blocked by a wall or other structure). In some embodiments, line of sight information (including materials of particular walls and/or other structures) may be determined based at least in part on blueprint information and/or other architectural information. For example, line of sight information may utilize BMI (eg, such as a Revit file). In some embodiments, the small cell controller may instruct one or more active antennas in the facility to amplify upstream and/or downstream signals based at least in part on usage information. In some embodiments, the controller is operatively coupled to the BMI profile.

In some embodiments, the facility in which the small cell device and/or small cell controller is deployed may also be equipped with one or more windows, such as tintable (eg, electrochromic) windows. In some embodiments, the control system may be shared between the small cell device and one or more windows (eg, and is part of the facility's control system). In some embodiments, various networks may be shared between a control system associated with one or more small cell devices and one or more controllable devices in the facility (e.g., one or more tintable windows), connectors, cables, or the like. In various embodiments, the network infrastructure supports a control system for one or more windows, such as tintable (eg, electrochromic) windows. A control system may include one or more controllers operatively coupled (eg, directly or indirectly) to one or more windows. While the disclosed embodiments describe tintable windows (also referred to herein as "optically switchable windows" or "smart windows"), such as electrochromic windows, the concepts disclosed herein can be applied to other types of switchable windows. Optical devices, including liquid crystal devices, electrochromic devices, suspended particle devices (suspended particle device; SPD), NanoChromics display (NanoChromics display; NCD), organic electroluminescent display (Organic electroluminescent display; OELD), suspended particle devices (SPD ), NanoChromics Display (NCD) or Organic Electroluminescent Display (OELD). The display element may be attached to a portion of the transparent body, such as a window. Tintable windows can be installed in (non-temporary) installations such as buildings, and/or in temporary installations (e.g., vehicles) such as cars, RVs, buses, trains, airplanes, helicopters, ships or boats middle.

In some embodiments, a tintable window exhibits a (eg, controllable and/or reversible) change in at least one optical property of the window, eg, upon application of a stimulus. The change can be a continuous change. The changes may be for discrete shading levels (eg, for at least about 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 shading levels). Optical properties may include hue or transmittance. Hue can contain colors. Transmittance can have one or more wavelengths. Wavelengths may include ultraviolet, visible or infrared wavelengths. Stimulation may include optical, electrical and/or magnetic stimulation. Stimulation may include, for example, applying voltage and/or current. One or more tintable windows may be used to control lighting and/or glare conditions, for example, by regulating the transmission of solar energy propagating therethrough. One or more tintable windows can be used to control the temperature within a building, for example, by regulating the transmission of solar energy propagating through the windows. Control of solar energy can control the heat load imposed on the interior of a facility (eg, a building). Control can be manual and/or automatic. Controls may be used to maintain one or more requested (eg, environmental) conditions, such as occupant comfort. Control may include reducing energy consumption of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and/or lighting systems. At least two of heating, ventilation and air conditioning may be induced by separate systems. At least two of heating, ventilation and air conditioning can be induced by one system. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning can be induced by a single system (abbreviated herein as "HVAC"). In some cases, a tintable window may be responsive to (eg, and communicatively coupled to) one or more environmental sensors and/or user controls. A tintable window may include, and for example may be, an electrochromic window. A window may be located in a range from the interior to the exterior of a structure (eg, a facility, such as a building). However, it doesn't have to be. Tintable windows can be operated using liquid crystal devices, suspended particle devices, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices such as microshutters, or any technology now known or later developed configured to control the transmission of light through the window. Windows (e.g., with MEMS devices for tinting) are described in the July 23, 2019, filing on May 15, 2015, entitled "Multi-window format windows including electrochromic devices and electromechanical systems devices (MULTI- PANE WINDOWS INCLUDING ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES AND ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS DEVICES), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In some cases, one or more tintable windows may be located inside a building, such as between a conference room and a hallway. In some cases, one or more tintable windows may be used in automobiles, trains, airplanes, and other vehicles, eg, in place of passive and/or non-tinting windows.

In some embodiments, the tintable window comprises an electrochromic device (referred to herein as an "EC device" (abbreviated herein as ECD) or "EC"). The EC device may comprise at least one coating comprising at least one layer. At least one layer may comprise an electrochromic material. In some embodiments, the electrochromic material exhibits a change from one optical state to another, such as when an electrical potential is applied across the EC device. The transition of the electrochromic layer from one optical state to another may eg be caused by reversible, semi-reversible or irreversible ion insertion (eg by means of intercalation) into the electrochromic material and corresponding injection of charge-balancing electrons. For example, the transition of an electrochromic layer from one optical state to another may eg be caused by reversible ion insertion (eg by means of intercalation) into the electrochromic material and corresponding injection of charge balancing electrons. Reversibility can be directed against the life expectancy of the ECD. Semi-reversible refers to a measurable (eg, noticeable) deterioration in the reversibility of the tint of a window over one or more tinting cycles. In some cases, a portion of the ions responsible for the optical transition is irreversibly incorporated in the electrochromic material (eg, and thus, the induced (altered) tint state of the window is not reversible to its original colored state). In various EC devices, at least some (eg, all) of the irreversibly bound ions can be used to compensate for "blind charges" in the material (eg, ECD).

In some implementations, suitable ions include cations. The cations may include lithium ions (Li+) and/or hydrogen ions (H+) (ie, protons). In some implementations, other ions may be suitable. Cations can be intercalated into (eg metal) oxides. A change in the intercalation state of ions (eg, cations) into the oxide can induce a visible change in the hue (eg, color) of the oxide. For example, oxides can transition from a colorless state to a colored state. For example, intercalation of lithium ions into tungsten oxide (WO3-y (0 < y ≤ about 0.3)) can cause tungsten oxide to change from a transparent state to a colored (eg, blue) state. EC device coatings as described herein are located within the viewable portion of the tintable window such that tinting of the EC device coating can be used to control the optical state of the tintable window.

FIG. 13 shows an example of a schematic cross section of an electrochromic device 1300 according to some embodiments shown in FIG. 13 . The EC device coating is attached to a substrate 1302, a transparent conductive layer (TCL) 1304, an electrochromic layer (EC) 1306 (also sometimes referred to as a cathodically colored layer or cathodically colored layer), an ionically conductive layer, or An area (ion conducting, IC) 1308 , a counter electrode layer (counter electrode, CE) 1310 (sometimes also referred to as an anode coloring layer or anodic coloring layer), and a second TCL 1314 .

Components 1304 , 1306 , 1308 , 1310 , and 1314 are collectively referred to as electrochromic stack 1320 . A voltage source 1316 operable to apply an electrical potential across the electrochromic stack 1320 effects the transition of the electrochromic coating from, for example, a clear state to a colored state. In other embodiments, the order of the layers is reversed with respect to the substrate. That is, the layer system is in the following order: substrate, TCL, opposite electrode layer, ion conducting layer, electrochromic material layer, TCL.

In various embodiments, an ion conductor region (eg, 1308 ) can be formed from a portion of the EC layer (eg, 1306 ) and/or from a portion of the CE layer (eg, 1310 ). In such embodiments, an electrochromic stack (eg, 1320 ) may be deposited to include a cathodically dyed electrochromic material (EC layer) in direct physical contact with an anodically dyed counter electrode material (CE layer). Ionically conductive regions (sometimes referred to as interfacial regions or ionically conductive substantially electronically insulating layers or regions) can be formed where the EC and CE layers meet, for example, via heating and/or other processing steps. Examples of electrochromic devices (including, for example, those fabricated without deposition of dissimilar ion conductor materials) can be found in U.S. Patent titled "ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES" filed May 2, 2012 US Patent Application No. 13/462,725, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, the EC device coating may include one or more additional layers, such as one or more passive layers. Passive layers can be used to improve certain optical properties, to provide moisture and/or to provide scratch resistance. These and/or other passive layers may be used to hermetically seal EC stack 1320 . Various layers including transparent conductive layers such as 1304 and 1314 can be treated with antireflective and/or protective layers (eg, oxide and/or nitride layers).

In certain embodiments, an electrochromic device is configured to reversibly cycle (eg, substantially) between a clear state and a colored state. Reversibility may be within the expected lifetime of the ECD. The life expectancy can be at least about 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75 or 100 years. Life expectancy can be any value between the aforementioned values (eg, from about 5 years to about 100 years, from about 5 years to about 50 years, or from about 50 years to about 100 years). A potential can be applied to the electrochromic stack (eg, 1320) such that available ions in the stack can cause the electrochromic material (eg, 1306) to be in a tinted state at the window in a first tint state (eg, clear) Down time resides primarily in the opposite electrode (eg, 1310). When the potential applied to the electrochromic stack is reversed, ions can be transported across the ionically conductive layer (eg, 1308 ) to the electrochromic material and cause the material to enter a second tint state (eg, a colored state).

It should be understood that the reference to the transition between the clear state and the colored state is non-limiting and suggests only one example of many examples of electrochromic transitions that may be implemented. Unless otherwise specified, herein, whenever reference is made to a clear-to-tinted transition, the corresponding device or program encompasses other optical state transitions, such as non-reflective to reflective and/or transparent to opaque transitions. In some embodiments, the terms "clear" and "bleached" refer to an optically neutral state, such as untinted, transparent and/or translucent. In some embodiments, the "color" or "hue" of the electrochromic transition is not limited to any wavelength or range of wavelengths. Selection of suitable electrochromic materials and counter electrode materials can control the associated optical transition (eg, from a colored state to an uncolored state).

In certain embodiments, at least a portion (eg, all) of the materials making up the electrochromic stack are inorganic, solid (ie, in a solid state), or both inorganic and solid. Since various organic materials tend to degrade over time, especially when tinted building windows are exposed to heat and UV light, inorganic materials offer the advantage of reliable electrochromic stacks that can function for extended periods of time. In some embodiments, a material in a solid state may offer the advantage of being minimally contaminated and minimizing leakage problems, as a material in a liquid state sometimes does. One or more of the layers in the stack may contain an amount (eg, measurable) of organic material. The ECD or any portion thereof (eg, one or more of the layers) may contain little or no measurable organic matter. The ECD or any portion thereof (eg, one or more of the layers) may contain one or more liquids, which may be present in minor amounts. Rarely can be up to about 100 ppm, 10 ppm or 1 ppm of ECD. Solid state materials may be deposited (or otherwise formed) using one or more procedures employing liquid components, such as certain procedures employing sol-gels, physical vapor deposition, and/or chemical vapor deposition.

14 shows an example of a cross-sectional view of a tintable window embodied in an insulating glass unit ("IGU") 1400, according to some implementations. The terms "IGU", "tintable window" and "optically switchable window" are used interchangeably herein. When an IGU is provided for installation in a building, it may be desirable for the IGU to serve as the basic structure for holding the electrochromic pane (also referred to herein as a "window"). IGU windows can be of single-substrate or multi-substrate construction. A window may comprise, for example, a laminate of two substrates. An IGU (for example, with a dual-pane or triple-pane configuration) can offer several advantages over a single-pane configuration. For example, a multi-pane configuration may provide enhanced thermal insulation, noise isolation, environmental protection, and/or durability when compared to a single-pane configuration. Multi-pane configurations provide enhanced protection for ECDs. For example, an electrochromic film (eg, and associated layers and conductive interconnects) can be formed on the interior surface of a multi-pane IGU and protected by an inert gas filling the interior volume (eg, 1408 ) of the IGU. The inert gas filling can provide at least some (thermal) insulating function for the IGU. Electrochromic IGUs can have heat blocking capabilities, for example, by means of a colorable coating that absorbs (and/or reflects) heat and light.

In some embodiments, an "IGU" includes two (or more) substantially transparent substrates. For example, an IGU may include two panes of glass. At least one substrate of the IGU may include an electrochromic device disposed thereon. One or more panes of the IGU may have separators disposed therebetween. The IGU can be of hermetically sealed construction, eg, with an interior area isolated from the surrounding environment. A "window assembly" may include an IGU. A "window assembly" may include (eg, stand-alone) laminates. A "window assembly" may include, for example, one or more electrical leads for connecting the IGU and/or laminate. Electrical leads may operably couple (eg, connect) one or more electrochromic devices to voltage sources, switches, and the like, and may include a frame that supports the IGU or laminate. A window assembly may include a window operator, and/or components of a window operator (eg, a docking piece).

FIG. 14 shows an example implementation of an IGU 1400 that includes a first pane 1404 having a first surface S1 and a second surface S2. In some embodiments, the first surface S1 of the first pane 1404 faces the external environment, such as the outdoors or outside environment. The IGU 1400 also includes a second pane 1406 having a first surface S3 and a second surface S4. In some implementations, the second surface (e.g., S4) of the second pane (e.g., 1406) faces the interior environment, such as the interior of a house, building, vehicle, or compartment thereof (e.g., an enclosure therein, such as a room). environment.

In some implementations, the first and second panes (eg, 1404 and 1406 ) are transparent or translucent, eg, for at least light in the visible light spectrum. For example, each of the panes (eg, 1404 and 1406 ) can be formed from a glass material. Glass materials may include architectural glass and/or shatterproof glass. The glass may contain silicon oxide (SO _x ). The glass may comprise soda lime glass or float glass. Glass may comprise at least about 75% silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ). The glass may contain oxides, such as _Na2O or CaO. The glass may contain alkali metal or alkaline earth oxides. Glass may contain one or more additives. The first and/or second pane may comprise any material having suitable optical, electrical, thermal and/or mechanical properties. Other materials (e.g., substrates) that may be included in the first and/or second panes are plastic, semi-plastic, and/or thermoplastic materials, such as poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polycarbonate, Allyldiethylene glycol carbonate, styrene acrylonitrile (SAN), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), polyester and/or polyamide. The first and/or second pane may comprise a specular material (eg, silver). In some implementations, the first and/or second panes can be hardened. Strengthening may include tempering, heating and/or chemical strengthening.

In some embodiments, the enclosure includes one or more sensors. Sensors may facilitate control of the environment of an enclosure so that residents of the enclosure may be more comfortable, desirable, beautiful, healthy, productive (e.g., in terms of resident performance), easier to live (e.g., work), or any other combined environment. The sensor(s) can be configured as low or high resolution sensors. A sensor may provide an on/off indication of the occurrence and/or presence of a particular environmental event (eg, a pixel sensor). In some embodiments, the accuracy and/or resolution of the sensor may be improved through artificial intelligence analysis of the sensor's measurements. Examples of artificial intelligence techniques that may be used include reactivity, limited memory, theory of mind, and/or self-awareness techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. A sensor can be configured to process, measure, analyze, detect and/or react to one or more of: data, temperature, humidity, sound, force, pressure, electromagnetic waves, position, distance, movement , flow, acceleration, velocity, vibration, dust, light, glare, color, gas, and/or other aspects (eg, characteristics) of the environment (eg, of an enclosure). The gas may include volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Gases may include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor (eg, humidity), oxygen, radon, and/or hydrogen sulfide. One or more sensors may be calibrated in a factory setting and/or at a target environment (eg, a deployment site). Sensors may be optimized to be able to perform accurate measurements of one or more environmental characteristics present in a factory setting and/or at a target environment. In some cases, a factory calibrated sensor may not be suitable for operation in the target environment. For example, factory settings may contain different environments than the target environment. The target environment may be an environment where sensors are deployed. A target environment may be an environment in which sensor operation is expected and/or specified. The target environment may be different from the factory environment. The factory environment corresponds to the location where the sensors are assembled and/or built. Target environments may include factories where sensors are not assembled and/or built. In some cases, the factory settings may differ from the target environment, eg, if sensor readings taken in the target environment are wrong (eg, to a measurable degree). In this context, "error" may refer to sensor readings that deviate from a specified accuracy (eg, as specified by the sensor's manufacturer). In some cases, a factory calibrated sensor may provide readings that do not meet accuracy specifications (eg, provided by the manufacturer) when operating in the intended environment.

In some embodiments, a control system is operatively (eg, communicatively) coupled to a collection of devices (eg, sensors and/or transmitters). One or more sensors can be configured to process, measure, analyze, detect and/or react to: data, temperature, humidity, sound, force, pressure, concentration, electromagnetic waves, position, distance, movement , flow, acceleration, velocity, vibration, dust, light, glare, color, gas type, and/or other aspects (eg, characteristics) of the environment (eg, of an enclosure). The gas may include volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Gases may include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor (eg, humidity), oxygen, radon, and/or hydrogen sulfide. One or more sensors may be calibrated at the factory setting and/or at the facility. A sensor may be optimized to perform accurate measurements of one or more environmental characteristics present in a factory setting and/or facility in which the sensor is deployed. Environmental characteristics may include temperature, humidity, pressure, _CO2 , CO, VOC, debris (e.g., smog, particulates), radon, sound, sound emitters, temperature, or electromagnetic radiation (e.g., (nm) to about 400 nm wavelength range UV, IR with a wavelength range from about 700 nm to about 1 mm, or visible light with a wavelength range from about 400 to about 700 nm). The device collective may include _CO2 , VOC, temperature, humidity, electromagnetic light, pressure, and/or noise sensors. The sensors may include gesture sensors (eg, RGB gesture sensors), acetate meters, or sound sensors. The VOC sensor can be configured to measure total VOC (abbreviated herein as "TVOC" or "tVOC"). In some embodiments, the collective facilitates environmental and/or alert control. This control may utilize a control scheme such as feedback control, or any other control scheme described herein. The collection can include at least one sensor configured to sense electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation can be (human) visible light, infrared (IR), or ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The at least one sensor may comprise a sensor array. For example, the collective may include an array of IR sensors (eg, a far-infrared thermal array, such as that from Melexis). The IR sensor array can have a resolution of at least 32x24 pixels. The IR sensor can be coupled to the digital interface. The collection may contain IR cameras. The collective may contain sound detectors. The collective may contain microphones. The collective may include any of the sensors and/or transmitters disclosed herein. The group may include _CO2 , VOC, temperature, humidity, electromagnetic light, pressure and/or noise sensors. The sensors may include gesture sensors (eg, RGB gesture sensors), acetate meters, or sound sensors. The sound sensor may include an audio decibel level detector. Sensors can include instrumentation drivers. The collective may include a microphone and/or a processor. The collective may include a camera (eg, a 4K pixel camera), a UWB sensor and/or transmitter, a Bluetooth (BLE) sensor and/or transmitter, a processor. The camera may have any camera resolution disclosed herein. One or more of the devices (eg, sensors) may be integrated on the die. A collective of devices (eg, sensors) may be used to determine the presence, number, and/or identification (eg, using cameras) of occupants in an enclosure. A collective of devices may be used to control (eg, monitor and/or adjust) one or more environmental characteristics in the enclosure environment.

Sensors coupled to the network can be configured to sense attributes including: temperature, relative humidity (RH), illuminance (eg, in lux), temperature (in degrees Celsius), Correlated color temperature (CCT, e.g. in Kelvin), carbon dioxide (e.g. in parts per million (ppm)), volatile organic compounds (VOC, e.g. as index value), pressure (e.g. as sound pressure in decibels), powdered materials, infrared, ultraviolet or visible light. A sensor can have accuracy. Sensors can have random variability. Stochastic variability (eg, statistical measures of long-term stochastic variability). The random variability of the temperature sensor can be up to about 0.5 degrees Celsius (°C), 0.3°C, 0.2°C, or 0.1°C. The random variability of the RH sensor can be up to about 3%, 2%, 1.5%, or 1%. The random variability of the illuminance sensor can be up to about 20 lux (LUX), 15 LUX, 10 LUX or 5 LUX. The random variability of the CCT sensor can be up to about 250 Kelvin (K), 220K, 210K, 200K, 190K or 150K. The random variability of the carbon dioxide sensor can be up to about 25 ppm, 23 ppm, 20 ppm, 19 ppm or 15 ppm. The random variability of the VOC sensor can be up to about 15 index values (IV), 12 IV, 11 IV, 10 IV or 5 IV. The random variability of the sound pressure sensor can be up to about 10 decibels (dB), 8 dB, 5 dB, 4 dB or 2 dB. Sometimes, the sensor collective may include measuring temperature in the device collective (e.g., internal device collective temperature) and/or outside the device collective (e.g., external device collective temperature, such as in a room in which the device collective is located). temperature). In some embodiments, data from the sensors is processed and/or analyzed.

In some embodiments, a plurality of devices are operably (eg, communicatively) coupled to the control system. A plurality of devices may be located in a facility (eg, including a building and/or a room). A control system may include a hierarchy of controllers. A device may include an emitter, a sensor, or a window (eg, an IGU). The device can be any device as disclosed herein. At least two of the plurality of devices may be of the same type. For example, two or more IGUs may be coupled to the control system. At least two of the plurality of devices may be of different types. For example, sensors and transmitters may be coupled to a control system. Sometimes, the plurality of devices may comprise at least 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 7500, 10000, 50000, 100000, or 500000 devices. The plurality of devices can be any number between the aforementioned numbers (e.g., 20 devices to 500,000 devices, 20 devices to 50 devices, 50 devices to 500 devices, 500 devices to 2500 devices, 1000 devices to 5,000 devices, 5,000 to 10,000 devices, 10,000 to 100,000 devices, or 100,000 to 500,000 devices). For example, the number of windows in a floor can be at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 or 50. The number of windows in a floor can be any number between the aforementioned numbers (eg, 5 to 50, 5 to 25, or 25 to 50). Sometimes the installation may be in a multi-story building. At least a portion of the floors of a multi-story building may have devices controlled by the control system (eg, at least a portion of the floors of a multi-story building may be controlled by the control system). For example, a multi-storey building may have at least 2, 8, 10, 25, 50, 80, 100, 120, 140 or 160 floors controlled by the control system. The number of floors (eg, devices therein) controlled by the control system may be any number between the aforementioned numbers (eg, 2 to 50, 25 to 100, or 80 to 160). A floor may have an area of at least about 150 m ² , 250 m ² , 500 m ² , 1000 m ² , 1500 m ² , or 2000 square meters (m ² ). A floor may have an area between any of the aforementioned floor area values (eg, about 150 m ² to about 2000 m ² , about 150 m ² to about 500 m ² , about 250 m ² to about 1000 m 2 , or about 1000 m ² m ² to about 2000 m ² ). A building may comprise an area of at least about 1000 square feet (sqft), 2000 sqft, 5000 sqft, 10000 sqft, 100000 sqft, 150000 sqft, 200000 sqft, or 500000 sqft. A building may comprise an area between any of the above-mentioned areas (eg, about 1000 sqft to about 5000 sqft, about 5000 sqft to about 500000 sqft, or about 1000 sqft to about 500000 sqft). The building may comprise an area of at least about 100 m ² , 200 m ² , 500 m ² , 1000 m ² , 5000 m ² , 10000 m ² , 25000 m ² or 50000 m ² . The building may comprise an area between any of the aforementioned areas (eg, about 100 m ² to about 1000 m ² , about 500 m ² to about 25,000 m ² , about 100 m ² to about 50,000 m ² ). Facilities can include commercial or residential buildings. Commercial buildings may include tenants and/or owners. Residential facilities may consist of multi-family or single-family buildings. Residential facilities may include residential complexes. Residential facilities may include single-family homes. Residential facilities may include multi-family homes (eg, condominiums). Residential facilities may include townhouses. A facility may contain residential and commercial components. A facility can comprise at least about 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 420, 450, 500, or 550 windows (eg, tintable windows). The windows may be partitioned (e.g., based at least in part on the location, elevation, floor, ownership, utilization, any other assigned metric, random assignment, or any Composition. Assignment of windows to zones can be static or dynamic (e.g., based on heuristics). There can be at least about 2, 5, 10, 12, 15, 30, 40, or 46 windows per zone. Facilities can include commercial or residential Buildings. Residential facilities can consist of multi-family or single-family buildings.

In some embodiments, the sensor(s) are operatively coupled to at least one controller and/or processor. Sensor readings may be obtained by one or more processors and/or controllers. A controller may include a processing unit (eg, CPU or GPU). A controller may receive input (eg, from at least one sensor). The controller may include circuitry, electrical wiring, optical wiring, communication terminals and/or sockets. A controller may deliver an output. A controller may contain multiple (eg, child) controllers. A controller can be part of a control system. The control system may include master controllers, floor (eg, including network controllers) controllers, or local controllers. The local controller may be a window controller (eg, controlling an optically switchable window), an enclosure controller, or an assembly controller. The controller can be a device controller (eg, any device disclosed herein). For example, a controller may be a hierarchical control system (e.g., comprising a master controller that directs one or more controllers, such as floor controllers, local controllers (e.g., window controllers), closed body controller and/or component controller). The physical location of controller types in a hierarchical control system can change. For example, at the first time: the first processor can assume the role of the master controller, the second processor can assume the role of the floor controller, and the third processor can assume the role of the local controller. At a second time: the second processor can assume the role of master controller, the first processor can assume the role of floor controller, and the third processor can maintain the role of local controller. At a third time: the third processor can assume the role of the master controller, the second processor can assume the role of the floor controller, and the first processor can assume the role of the local controller. A controller may control (eg, directly couple to) one or more devices. A controller may be located proximate to the device or devices it is controlling. For example, a controller may control optically switchable devices (eg, IGUs), antennas, sensors, and/or output devices (eg, light sources, sound sources, odor sources, gas sources, HVAC outlets, or heaters). In one embodiment, a floor controller may direct one or more window controllers, one or more enclosure controllers, one or more component controllers, or any combination thereof. The floor controllers may include a floor controller. For example, a floor (eg, including network) controller may control a plurality of local (eg, including window) controllers. A plurality of local controllers may be located in a portion of a facility (eg, in a portion of a building). Part of the facility may be a floor of the facility. For example, floor controllers can be assigned to floors. In some embodiments, a floor may include a plurality of floor controllers, eg depending on the size of the floor and/or the number of local controllers coupled to the floor controllers. For example, a floor controller may be assigned to a portion of a floor. For example, floor controllers may be assigned to a portion of the local controllers located in the facility. For example, a floor controller may be assigned to a portion of a floor of a facility. The master controller can be coupled to one or more floor controllers. Floor controllers may be located in the facility. The master controller can be located in the facility or outside the facility. The main controller can be placed in the cloud. The controller may be part of or operatively coupled to a building management system. A controller may receive one or more inputs. A controller can generate one or more outputs. The controller can be a single-input single-output controller (SISO) or a multiple-input multiple-output controller (MIMO). The controller interprets the input signal it receives. A controller may obtain data from one or more components (eg, sensors). Obtaining can include receiving or fetching. Data may include measurements, estimates, determinations, generation, or any combination thereof. The controller may incorporate feedback control. The controller may incorporate feedforward control. Control may include on-off control, proportional control, proportional-integral (PI) control, or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. Control can comprise open loop control or closed loop control. The controller can include closed loop control. The controller may comprise open loop control. The controller can include a user interface. The user interface may include (or be operatively coupled to) a keyboard, keypad, mouse, touch screen, microphone, speech recognition package, camera, imaging system, or any combination thereof. Output can include a display (eg, screen), speakers, or a printer.

FIG. 15 shows an example of a control system architecture 1500 including a master controller 1508 controlling a floor controller 1506 which in turn controls a local controller 1504 . In some embodiments, the local controller controls one or more IGUs, one or more sensors, one or more output devices (eg, one or more transmitters), or any combination thereof. 15 shows an example of a configuration in which the master controller is operatively coupled (eg, wirelessly and/or wired) to a building management system (BMS) 1524 and database 1520. Arrows in Fig. 15 indicate communication paths. The controller is operatively coupled (eg, directly/indirectly and/or wired and/or wirelessly) to the external source 1510 . External sources can include the Internet. The external source may include one or more sensors or output devices. External sources may include cloud-based applications and/or databases. Communication can be wired and/or wireless. External sources may be located outside the facility. For example, an external source may include one or more sensors and/or antennas disposed, for example, on a wall or ceiling of a facility. Communication can be one-way or two-way. In the example shown in Figure 15, the communication of all communication arrows is meant to be bidirectional. The local controller 1504 may be operatively coupled (eg, directly) to any of the targets (eg, devices) disclosed herein. Directly operatively coupled means that there is no other controller in between. Control system 1500 is operatively coupled to any of the objects (eg, devices) disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, the BMS is located in the facility. The facility may comprise a building, such as a multi-storey building. A BMS can be used at least to control the environment in a building. The control system and/or BMS can control at least one environmental characteristic of the enclosure. The at least one environmental characteristic may include temperature, humidity, fine mist (e.g., aerosols), sound, electromagnetic waves (e.g., light glare, color), gas composition, gas concentration, gas velocity, vibration, volatile compounds (VOCs), debris debris (eg, dust) or biological matter (eg, airborne bacteria and/or viruses). Gas(s) may include oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen oxides (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO ₂ ), noble gases, Nobel gases (eg radon), chlorophylls, ozone, formaldehyde, methane or ethane. For example, the BMS can control the temperature, carbon dioxide level and/or humidity within the enclosure. Mechanical devices that can be controlled by the BMS and/or control system can include lighting, heaters, air conditioners, blowers or vents. In order to control the environment of an enclosure (eg a building), the BMS and/or control system may eg switch on and off one or more of the devices it controls under defined conditions. A (eg, core) function of the BMS and/or control system may be, for example, to maintain a comfortable environment for occupants of the enclosure while minimizing energy consumption (eg, simultaneously minimizing heating and cooling costs/demand). A BMS and/or control system can be used to control (eg, monitor) and/or optimize synergy between various systems, eg, to save energy and/or reduce enclosure (eg, facility) operating costs.

A controller may monitor and/or direct changes (eg, physical) in operating conditions of the devices, software, and/or methods described herein. Control may include regulating, manipulating, limiting, directing, monitoring, adjusting, modulating, changing, modifying, constraining, checking, directing, or managing. Controlling (eg, by a controller) may include attenuating, modulating, changing, managing, inhibiting, disciplining, regulating, constraining, supervising, manipulating, and/or directing. Controlling may include controlling a control variable (eg, temperature, power, voltage, and/or profile). Control can include real-time or offline control. Computations utilized by the controller can be performed on-the-fly and/or off-line. Controllers can be manual or non-human controllers. The controller can be an automatic controller. Controllers are operable upon request. The controller can be a programmable controller. The controller can be programmed. A controller may include a processing unit (eg, CPU or GPU). A controller may receive input (eg, from at least one sensor). A controller may deliver an output. A controller may contain multiple (eg, child) controllers. A controller can be part of a control system. The control system may include master controllers, floor controllers, local controllers (eg enclosure controllers or window controllers). A controller may receive one or more inputs. A controller can generate one or more outputs. The controller can be a single-input single-output controller (SISO) or a multiple-input multiple-output controller (MIMO). The controller interprets the input signal it receives. The controller can obtain data from one or more sensors. Obtaining can include receiving or fetching. Data may include measurements, estimates, determinations, generation, or any combination thereof. The controller may incorporate feedback control. The controller may incorporate feedforward control. Control may include on-off control, proportional control, proportional-integral (PI) control, or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. Control may comprise open loop control or closed loop control. The controller may comprise closed loop control. The controller may comprise open loop control. The controller can include a user interface. The user interface may include (or be operatively coupled to) a keyboard, keypad, mouse, touch screen, microphone, speech recognition package, camera, imaging system, or any combination thereof. Output can include a display (eg, screen), speakers, or a printer.

The methods, systems and/or apparatus described herein may include a control system. The control system can communicate with any of the devices described herein (eg, sensors). The sensors may be of the same type or of different types, eg, as described herein. For example, the control system can communicate with the first sensor and/or the second sensor. A control system may control one or more sensors. A control system may control one or more components of a building management system (eg, lighting, security, and/or air conditioning systems). A controller may adjust at least one (eg, environmental) characteristic of the enclosure. The control system may use any component of the building management system to regulate the enclosure environment. For example, the control system can regulate the energy supplied by the heating element and/or the cooling element. For example, the control system may regulate the rate at which air flows to and/or from the enclosure through the vents. The control system can include a processor. A processor may be a processing unit. The controller may include a processing unit. The processing unit may be a central processing unit. The processing unit may include a central processing unit (abbreviated herein as "CPU"). The processing unit may be a graphics processing unit (abbreviated herein as "GPU"). A controller(s) or control mechanism (eg, including a computer system) can be programmed to implement one or more methods of the present invention. The processor can be programmed to implement the method of the present invention. A controller may control at least one component forming the systems and/or devices disclosed herein.

16 shows a schematic example of a computer system 1600 programmed or otherwise configured for one or more operations of any of the methods provided herein. The computer system can control (e.g., direct, monitor, and/or adjust) various features of the methods, apparatus, and systems of the present disclosure, such as, for example, controlling the heating, cooling, brightening, and/or ventilation of enclosures, or their any combination. The computer system may be part of, or in communication with, any sensor or sensor collective disclosed herein. A computer may be coupled to one or more of the mechanisms disclosed herein and/or any portion thereof. For example, a computer may be coupled to one or more sensors, valves, switches, lights, windows (eg, IGUs), motors, pumps, optical components, or any combination thereof.

A computer system may include a processing unit (eg, 1606) ("processor," "computer," and "computer processor" are also used herein). A computer system may include memory or memory locations (e.g., 1602) (e.g., random access memory, read-only memory, flash memory), electronic storage units (e.g., 1604) (e.g., hard drives), A communication interface (e.g., 1603) for communicating with one or more other systems (e.g., a network adapter), and peripheral devices (e.g., 1605), such as cache memory, other memory, data storage , and/or electronic display adapter. In the example shown in FIG. 16, memory 1602, storage unit 1604, interface 1603, and peripheral devices 1605 communicate with processing unit 1606 through a communication bus (solid line) such as a motherboard. The storage unit may be a data storage unit (or data repository) for storing data. The computer system can be operatively coupled to a computer network ("network") by means of a communication interface (eg, 1601). The network may be the Internet, the Internet and/or an inter-business network, or an intra-business network and/or an inter-business network in communication with the Internet. In some cases, the network is a telecommunications and/or data network. The network may include one or more computer servers that enable distributed computing, such as cloud computing. In some cases, a network may implement a peer-to-peer network by means of a computer system, which may enable devices coupled to the computer system to behave as clients or servers.

The processing unit can execute a sequence of machine-readable instructions that can be embodied in a program or software. Instructions may be stored in a memory location, such as memory 1602 . These instructions can be directed to a processing unit, which can then be programmed or otherwise configured to implement the methods of the invention. Examples of operations performed by a processing unit may include fetch, decode, execute, and write back. The processing unit can interpret and/or execute instructions. Processors can include microprocessors, data processors, central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), system-on-chips (SOCs), co-processors, network processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , Application Specific Instruction Set Processor (ASIP), Controller, Programmable Logic Device (PLD), Chipset, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or any combination thereof. A processing unit may be part of a circuit such as an integrated circuit. One or more other components of system 1600 may be included in the circuit.

The storage unit can store files, such as drivers, libraries, and saved programs. The storage unit can store user data (eg, user preferences and user programs). In some cases, a computer system may include one or more additional data storage units that are external to the computer system, such as on remote servers that communicate with the computer system via an intranet or the Internet .

A processing unit (eg, a computer system) can communicate with one or more remote computer systems over a network. For example, a computer system may communicate with a user's (eg, operator's) remote computer system. Examples of remote computer systems include personal computers (e.g., laptop PCs), tablet or tablet PCs (e.g., Apple ^® iPad, Samsung ^® Galaxy Tab), telephones, smartphones (e.g., Apple ^® iPhone, Android-enabled devices, Blackberry ^® ), or personal digital assistants. Users can access the computer system through the network. A processing unit may include a CPU or a GPU. The processing unit may include a media player. The processing unit may be included in the circuit board. The board can include NVIDIA® ^'s Jetson Nano ^™ development kit (eg, 2GB or 4GB development kit) or Raspberry-Pi kit (eg, 1GB, 2GB, 4GB, or 8GB development kit). The processing unit is operably coupled to a plurality of ports including at least one media port (eg, DisplayPort, HDMI, and/or micro HDMI), USB, or an audio-video jack, which may be included in a circuit board, for example. The processing unit is operatively coupled to a camera serial interface (CSI) or a display serial interface (DSI), for example as part of a circuit board. The processing unit is configured to support communications such as Ethernet (eg, Gigabit Ethernet). The circuit board may contain Wi-Fi functionality, Bluetooth functionality, or a wireless adapter. Wireless adapters can be configured to comply with wireless networking standards in the 802.11 protocol set (eg, USB 802.11ac). Wireless adapters can be configured to provide high throughput wireless area networks (WLANs) over, for example, at least about the 5 GHz frequency band. The USB port can have a transfer speed of at least about 480 megabits per second (Mbps), 4,800 Mbps, or 10,000 Mbps. The at least one processor may include a synchronous (eg, clocked) processor. The clock speed of the processor may be at least about 1.2 gigahertz (GHz), 1.3 GHz, 1.4 GHz, 1.5 GHz, or 1.6 GHz. The processing unit may include random access memory (RAM). RAM can include double data rate synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM). RAM can be configured for mobile devices (eg, laptops, tablets, or mobile phones, such as cellular phones). RAM can include low power double data rate (LPDDR) RAM. RAM can be configured to allow channels that are at least about 16, 32, or 64 bits wide. Users (eg, clients) can access the computer system via the network.

Methods as described herein may be implemented by machine (e.g., computer processor) executable code stored in an electronic storage location of a computer system, such as, for example, in memory 1602 or an electronic storage unit 1604 on. Machine-executable or machine-readable code may be provided in software. During use, the processor 1606 can execute program code. In some cases, program code may be retrieved from the storage unit and stored on memory ready for access by the processor. In some cases, electronic storage units may be eliminated and machine-executable instructions stored on memory.

The code can be precompiled and configured for use on a machine with a processor adapted to execute the code, or can be compiled during the execution phase. The code may be provided in a programming language which may be selected such that the code may be executed in a precompiled or as-compiled manner.

In some embodiments, the processor includes program code. The codes can be program instructions. Programmed instructions may cause at least one processor (eg, computer) to direct the feedforward and/or feedback control loops. In some embodiments, the programmed instructions cause at least one processor to direct closed loop and/or open loop control schemes. Control may be based at least in part on one or more sensor readings (eg, sensor data). One controller can direct multiple operations. At least two operations may be directed by different controllers. In some embodiments, different controllers may direct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). In some embodiments, different controllers may direct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable medium causes a respective computer to boot at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). In some embodiments, different non-transitory computer-readable media cause each different computer to boot at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). The controller and/or computer-readable medium can direct any of the apparatuses disclosed herein, or components thereof. A controller and/or computer-readable medium can direct any operations of the methods disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, at least one sensor is operatively coupled to a control system (eg, a computer control system). Sensors can include light sensors, acoustic sensors, vibration sensors, chemical sensors, electrical sensors, magnetic sensors, mobility sensors, motion sensors, speed sensors, position sensors sensor, pressure sensor, force sensor, density sensor, distance sensor or proximity sensor. The sensors may include temperature sensors, weight sensors, material (eg powder) content sensors, weights and measures sensors, gas sensors or humidity sensors. Metrology sensors may include measurement sensors (eg, height, length, width, angle, and/or volume). Metrology sensors may include magnetic, acceleration, orientation or optical sensors. Sensors can transmit and/or receive acoustic (eg echo), magnetic, electrical or electromagnetic signals. Electromagnetic signals may include visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, ultrasonic, radio wave or microwave signals. The gas sensor can sense any of the gases described herein. A distance sensor may be a type of weight and measure sensor. Proximity sensors may include optical sensors or capacitive sensors. Temperature sensors can include bolometers, bimetal strips, calorimeters, exhaust thermometers, flame detectors, Gardon gauges, Golay cells, heat flux sensors, infrared thermometers, micro Bolometers, Microwave Radiometers, Net Radiometers, Quartz Thermometers, Resistance Temperature Detectors, Resistance Thermometers, Silicon Bandgap Temperature Sensors, Specialty Sensors Microwave/Imagers, Thermometers, Thermistors, Thermocouples, Thermometers (such as resistance thermometers) or pyrometers. The temperature sensor may include an optical sensor. The temperature sensor may include image processing. The temperature sensor may include a camera (eg IR camera, CCD camera). Pressure sensors may include barometers, barometers, boost gauges, Bourdon gauges, hot filament dissociation gauges, dissociation gauges, McLeod gauges, oscillating U-tubes, permanent downhole Manometer, pressure gauge, Pirani gauge, pressure sensor, manometer, tactile sensor, or time gauge. Position sensors can include accelerometers, capacitive displacement sensors, capacitive sensing, free fall sensors, gravimeters, gyroscope sensors, impact sensors, inclinometers, integrated circuit piezoelectric sensing Device, laser range finder, laser surface velocity meter, laser radar, linear encoder, linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), liquid capacitance inclinometer, odometer, photoelectric sensor, piezoelectric accelerometer, Speed sensors, rotary encoders, rotary variable differential transformers, synchrometers, shock detectors, shock data loggers, tilt sensors, tachometers, ultrasonic thickness gauges, variable reluctance sensors or speed receiver. Optical sensors can include charge-coupled devices, colorimeters, contact image sensors, electro-optical sensors, infrared sensors, dynamic inductive detectors, light-emitting diodes (such as light sensors), light Addressable potentiometric sensors, Nichols radiometers, fiber optic sensors, optical position sensors, photodetectors, photodiodes, photomultiplier tubes, phototransistors, photosensors , photoionization detectors, photomultipliers, photoresistors, photosensitive switches, photocells, scintillation counters, Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors (Shack-Hartmann), single-photon avalanche diodes, superconductors Nanowire single photon detectors, transition edge sensors, visible light photon counters or wavefront sensors. One or more sensors may be connected to the control system (eg to a processor, to a computer).

While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. It is not intended that the invention be limited to the particular examples provided in the specification. While the invention has been described with reference to the foregoing specification, the descriptions and illustrations of the embodiments herein are not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. Furthermore, it is to be understood that all aspects of the invention are not limited to the specific depictions, configurations or relative proportions set forth herein, which depend upon various conditions and variables. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. Accordingly, it is contemplated that the invention shall also cover any such alternatives, modifications, variations or equivalents. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents are thereby covered.

Embodiments described in this light may comprise different combinations of features. Example embodiments are described in the following numbered clauses: Clause 1. A method of establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the method comprising: receiving a user profile from a mobile device of a user a request; determining a connectivity profile based at least in part on receiving the request, wherein the connectivity profile includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network, the cellular facilitating control of one or more building systems of the facility; and sending the user profile to the mobile device, wherein the user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile. Clause 2. The method of Clause 1, wherein the user profile comprises an embedded subscriber identity module (eSIM) profile. Clause 3. The method of any one of Clauses 1 to 2, further comprising: (i) receiving a response that the user profile is installed on the mobile device; and (ii) in response to receiving the response, The user profile is activated on the cellular network of the facility. Clause 4. The method of Clause 3, wherein activating the user profile comprises: sending an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) activation notification to a subscription database. Clause 5. The method of any one of Clauses 3 to 4, wherein the cellular network of the facility is associated with a plurality of facilities, and wherein activating the user profile comprises allowing the mobile device to communicate with the plurality of facilities access to at least a subset of the cellular network. Clause 6. The method of any one of Clauses 1 to 5, wherein receiving the request comprises: receiving a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). Clause 7. The method of Clause 6, further comprising, before receiving the request: (i) generating an indicator of the URL; and (ii) providing the indicator to the user. Clause 8. The method of Clause 7, wherein the indicator comprises the URL, a hypertext markup language (HTML) link, a quick response (QR) code, or a barcode. Clause 9. The method of any one of Clauses 7 to 8, wherein providing the indicator to the user comprises sending the indicator to a display, a kiosk, a portal, a user device, or the mobile device. Clause 10. The method of any one of Clauses 6 to 9, wherein the URL is unique to the user, user type, event, facility, or venue. Clause 11. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the one or more connectivity characteristics include a quality of service (QoS) level, an access level, during which the cellular A time and/or a bandwidth setting for network access. Clause 12. The method of Clause 11, wherein the access level comprises access to one of: (i) information accessible via the cellular network; (ii) information accessible via the cellular network a data network; and/or (iii) a device operatively coupled to the cellular network. Clause 13. The method of any one of Clauses 1 to 12, wherein facilitating control of one or more building systems of the facility comprises facilitating safety, health, and/or environmental control of the facility. Clause 14. The method of any one of Clauses 1 to 13, wherein the cellular network is operatively coupled to the one or more building systems. Clause 15. The method of Clause 14, wherein the one or more building systems comprise a collection of devices having an enclosure enclosing one or more devices comprising: (i) sensing detector, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. Clause 16. The method of clause ‎15, wherein the devices are collectively disposed in, or attached to, a fixture of the facility. Clause 17. The method of clause ‎16, wherein the fixture comprises a frame portion. Clause 18. The method of any one of Clauses 14 to 17, wherein the one or more building systems comprise a tintable window. Clause 19. The method of Clause 18, wherein the tintable window comprises an electrochromic window. Clause 20. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 19, wherein the cellular network comprises wires configured to transmit power and cellular communication. Clause 21. The method of Clause 20, wherein the cellular communication complies with at least a fourth generation, or a fifth generation cellular communication protocol. Clause 22. The method of any one of Clauses 1 to 21, wherein the cellular network includes facilities of the facility. Clause 23. A system for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the system comprising a cellular network configured to transmit the One or more signals associated with any of the methods. Clause 24. Non-transitory computer readable program instructions for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the non-transitory computer readable program instructions being operatively coupled to a cellular Execution by one or more processors of the network causes the one or more processors to perform or direct to perform the method of any one of clauses 1-22. Clause 25. An apparatus for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the apparatus comprising at least one controller configured to perform or direct the execution of the The method of any one of 22. Clause 26. An apparatus for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the apparatus comprising a collection of devices of the facility, the collection of devices including sensors housed in a housing, the The sensors are configured to facilitate the method of any one of clauses 1-22. Clause 27. A system for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the system comprising: a communication network configured to: transmit settings to a user from a mobile device of the user a request for a profile; and transmitting the user profile to the mobile device, wherein: based at least in part on the request, it is determined that a connectivity profile includes one or more connectivity characteristics, the cellular network facilitates control of one or more building systems of the facility; and the user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile. Clause 28. The system of Clause 27, wherein the communication network is configured to transmit communications in compliance with an automotive bus standard protocol. Clause 29. The system of any one of clauses 27 to 28, wherein the communication network is configured to receive and/or transmit signals using a wireless communication protocol. Clause 30. The system of Clause 29, wherein the wireless communication protocol is associated with a wireless personal area network. Clause 31. The system of any one of clauses 27 to 30, wherein the communications network is configured to transmit communications in compliance with a communications bus protocol. Clause 32. The system of Clause 31, wherein the communication bus agreement facilitates upstream communication and downstream communication. Clause 33. The system of any one of clauses 27 to 32, wherein the communication network is configured for power transmission. Clause 34. The system of any one of Clauses 27 to 33, wherein the communication network is configured to transmit one or more signals configured to facilitate adjustment of an environment of the facility. Clause 35. The system of any one of Clauses 27 to 34, wherein the communication network is configured to transmit one or more signals comprising or based at least in part on environmental sensor measurements. Clause 36. The system of any one of Clauses 27 to 35, wherein the communication network is configured to transmit one or more signals configured to facilitate management of energy usage in the facility. Clause 37. The system of any one of clauses 27 to 36, wherein the communication network is configured to transmit one or more protocols including at least one data communication protocol for automatic control of subsystems. Clause 38. The system of any one of clauses 27 to 37, wherein the communication network is configured to transmit infrared (IR) signals and/or radio frequency (RF) signals. Clause 39. The system of any one of clauses 27 to 38, wherein the communication network comprises the cellular network. Clause 40. The system of any one of Clauses 27 to 39, wherein the communication network is operatively coupled to a power source and configured for power transfer. Clause 41. The system of Clause 40, wherein the power source optionally comprises a main power source, a backup generator, or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). Clause 42. The system of any one of clauses 27 to 41, wherein the communication network is configured to transmit a signal indicative of energy or power consumption, wherein the power consumption optionally includes a heating system, a cooling Power consumption of systems, and/or lighting, and wherein the signal optionally facilitates monitoring power consumption of individual rooms or groups of rooms of the facility. Clause 43. The system of any one of Clauses 27 to 42, wherein the communication network is configured to utilize (i) utilize radio frequency signals and/or (ii) facilitate communication with one or more sensors At least one wireless protocol. Clause 44. Non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions being operatively coupled to a communications network The one or more processors, when executed, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving or directing to receive a request for a user profile from a mobile device of the user via the communication network; at least in part Determining or directing to determine a connectivity profile based on the request received, wherein the connectivity profile includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network, the cellular network Facilitating control of one or more building systems of the facility; and sending or directing sending the user profile to the mobile device, wherein the user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile. Clause 45. The non-transitory computer readable program instructions of Clause 44, wherein the communication network comprises the cellular network of the facility. Clause 46. The non-transitory computer readable program instructions of any one of clauses 44 to 45, wherein at least a portion of the program instructions are located remotely from the facility. Clause 47. The non-transitory computer readable program instructions of any one of Clauses 44 to 46, wherein at least a portion of the program instructions are located in the cloud. Clause 48. The non-transitory computer readable program instructions of any one of Clauses 44 to 47, wherein the program instructions are recorded on one or more non-transitory computer readable media. Clause 49. The non-transitory computer readable program instructions of any one of clauses 44 to 48, wherein the one or more processors comprises a processor disposed in a collection of devices at the facility, the collection of devices There is a housing enclosing the one or more devices comprising: (i) a sensor, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. Clause 50. The non-transitory computer readable program instructions of any one of Clauses 44 to 49, wherein the one or more processors comprise: (i) a microprocessor and/or (ii) a graphics processor unit. Clause 51. An apparatus for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the apparatus comprising at least one controller configured to: (i) receive over a communications network or directing to receive a request for a user profile from a mobile device of the user; (ii) determining or directing to determine a connectivity profile based at least in part on the request received, wherein the connectivity profile includes one or more connectivity features in providing access to the cellular network that facilitates control of one or more building systems of the facility; and (iii) sending or directing sending of the user profile to the mobile device, wherein the user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile. Clause 52. The apparatus of Clause 51, wherein the at least one controller is part of or configured to be operatively coupled to a control system having more than two levels of control hierarchy. Clause 53. The apparatus of any one of Clauses 51 to 52, wherein the at least one controller comprises a controller disposed in or attached to a fixture of the facility. Clause 54. The apparatus of any one of clauses 51 to 53, wherein the at least one controller comprises a controller disposed in a collection of devices of the facility, the collection of devices having a device enclosing the one or more devices A housing, the one or more devices comprising: (i) a sensor, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. Clause 55. The apparatus of any one of Clauses 51 to 54, wherein at least two operations of (i), (ii), and (iii) are performed by the same controller of the at least one controller. Clause 56. The apparatus of any one of clauses 51 to 55, wherein at least two operations of (i), (ii), and (iii) are performed by different controllers of the at least one controller. Clause 57. An apparatus for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the apparatus comprising: a collection of devices at the facility, the collection of devices having (a) a sensor, (b) A sensor and a transmitter, or (c) a transceiver device, the devices collectively disposed in a housing, the devices collectively configured to (A) measure an environment of the facility and (B) output sensor measurements that are collectively configured for access by a mobile device of the user that is operatively configured to operate at least in part by being configured to coupled to the communication: (a) receiving a request for a user profile from the mobile device of the user via the communication network; (b) determining a connectivity profile based at least in part on the received request, wherein the connectivity profile includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network of the facility that facilitates control of one or more building systems of the facility; and (c) sending the user profile to the mobile device, wherein the user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile. Clause 58. The apparatus of Clause 57, wherein the devices are collectively configured for placement in, or attachment to, a fixture of the facility. Clause 59. The apparatus of Clause 58, wherein the securing means comprises a frame. Clause 60. The apparatus of Clause 59, wherein the frame comprises a mullion or a beam. Clause 61. The apparatus of any one of Clauses 57 to 60, wherein the means collectively comprise a processor or a controller. Clause 62. The apparatus of any one of Clauses 57 to 61, wherein the devices are collectively configured to be operatively coupled to a control system of the facility. Clause 63. The apparatus of any one of Clauses 57 to 62, wherein the devices are collectively configured to facilitate environmental control of the facility. Clause 64. A method of enabling a mobile device of a user to communicate over a cellular network of a facility, the method comprising: receiving a request from the mobile device to access the cellular network of the facility, wherein: the request includes data from the mobile device based at least in part on a user profile accessible by the network, and the user profile is associated with a connectivity profile that includes one or more connectivity characteristics, The one or more connectivity characteristics are used to provide access to the cellular network associated with the facility that facilitates control of one or more building systems of the facility; and upon receiving the request Thereafter, the mobile device is provided with access to the cellular network of the facility based on the one or more connectivity characteristics. Clause 65. The method of Clause 64, wherein the user profile comprises an embedded subscriber identity module (eSIM) profile. Clause 66. The method of any one of Clauses 64 to 65, further comprising (i) receiving a response that the user profile is installed on the mobile device; and (ii) in response to receiving the response, at The user profile is activated on the cellular network of the facility. Clause 67. The method of Clause 66, wherein activating the user profile comprises: sending an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) activation notification to a subscription database. Clause 68. The method of any one of Clauses 66 to 67, wherein the cellular network of the facility is associated with a plurality of facilities, and wherein activating the user profile comprises allowing the mobile device to communicate with the plurality of facilities access to at least a subset of the cellular network. Clause 69. The method of any one of Clauses 66 to 68, wherein receiving the request comprises: receiving a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). Clause 70. The method of Clause 69, further comprising, before receiving the request: (i) generating an indicator of the URL; and (ii) providing the indicator to the user. Clause 71. The method of Clause 70, wherein the indicator comprises the URL, a hypertext markup language (HTML) link, a quick response (QR) code, or a barcode. Clause 72. The method of any one of Clauses 60 to 71, wherein providing the indicator to the user comprises sending the indicator to a display, a kiosk, a portal, a user device, or the mobile device. Clause 73. The method of any one of clauses 69 to 72, wherein the URL is unique to the user, type of user, event, facility, or venue. Clause 74. The method of any one of clauses 64 to 73, wherein the one or more connectivity characteristics include a quality of service (QoS) level, an access level, during which the cellular A time and/or a bandwidth setting for network access. Clause 75. The method of Clause 74, wherein the access level comprises access to one of: (i) information accessible via the cellular network; (ii) information accessible via the cellular network a data network; and/or (iii) a device operatively coupled to the cellular network. Clause 76. The method of any one of Clauses 64 to 75, wherein facilitating control of one or more building systems of the facility comprises facilitating safety, health, and/or environmental control of the facility. Clause 77. The method of any one of Clauses 64 to 76, wherein the cellular network is operatively coupled to the one or more building systems. Clause 78. The method of Clause 77, wherein the one or more building systems comprise a collection of devices having an enclosure enclosing one or more devices comprising: (i) sensing detector, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. Clause 79. The method of Clause 78, wherein the devices are collectively disposed in, or attached to, a fixture of the facility. Clause 80. The method of Clause 79, wherein the securing device comprises a frame portion. Clause 81. The method of any one of Clauses 77 to 80, wherein the one or more building systems comprise a tintable window. Clause 82. The method of Clause 81, wherein the tintable window comprises an electrochromic window. Clause 83. The method of any one of Clauses 64 to 82, wherein the cellular network comprises wires configured to transmit power and cellular communication. Clause 84. The method of Clause 83, wherein the cellular communication complies with at least a fourth generation, or a fifth generation cellular communication protocol. Clause 85. The method of any one of Clauses 64 to 84, wherein the cellular network includes facilities of the facility. Clause 86. A system for establishing user identification in a communications network of a facility, the system comprising a communications network configured to transmit the method of any one of clauses 64 to 85 One or more signals to associate with. Clause 87. Non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for establishing user identification in a communications network of a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions at a facility operatively coupled to a communications network Execution of the one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform or direct the performance of the method of any one of clauses 64-85. Clause 88. An apparatus for establishing user identification in a communications network of a facility, the apparatus comprising at least one controller configured to perform or direct the execution of the any method. Clause 89. An apparatus for establishing user identification in a communication network of a facility, the apparatus comprising a collection of devices of the facility, the collection of devices including sensors housed in a housing, the sensors The detector is configured to facilitate the method of any one of clauses 64-85. Clause 90. A system for enabling a mobile device of a user to communicate over a cellular network of a facility, the system comprising: a communication network configured to: transmit pairs of accesses from the mobile device A request for the cellular network of the facility, wherein: the request includes data from the mobile device based at least in part on a user profile accessible by the network, and the user profile is associated with one or more A connectivity profile is associated with one of the connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network associated with the facility that facilitates control of one of the facilities or a plurality of building systems; and after receiving the request, providing the mobile device with access to the cellular network of the facility according to the one or more connectivity characteristics. Clause 91. The system of Clause 90, wherein the communication network is configured to conform to an automotive bus standard protocol for transporting communications. Clause 92. The system of any one of Clauses 90 to 91, wherein the communication network is configured to receive and/or transmit signals using a wireless communication protocol. Clause 93. The system of Clause 92, wherein the wireless communication protocol is associated with a wireless personal area network. Clause 94. The system of any one of clauses 90 to 93, wherein the communication network is configured to transmit communications following a communication bus protocol. Clause 95. The system of Clause 94, wherein the communication bus agreement facilitates upstream communication and downstream communication. Clause 96. The system of any one of clauses 90 to 95, wherein the communication network is configured for power transmission. Clause 97. The system of any one of clauses 90 to 96, wherein the communication network is configured to transmit one or more signals configured to facilitate adjustment of an environment of the facility. Clause 98. The system of any one of clauses 90 to 97, wherein the communication network is configured to transmit one or more signals comprising or based at least in part on environmental sensor measurements. Clause 99. The system of any one of Clauses 90 to 98, wherein the communication network is configured to transmit one or more signals configured to facilitate management of energy usage in the facility. Clause 100. The system of any one of Clauses 90 to 99, wherein the communication network is configured to transmit one or more protocols including at least one data communication protocol for automatic control of subsystems. Clause 101. The system of any of Clauses 90 to 100, wherein the communication network is configured to transmit infrared (IR) signals and/or radio frequency (RF) signals. Clause 102. The system of any one of clauses 90 to 101, wherein the communication network comprises the cellular network. Clause 103. The system of any one of Clauses 90 to 102, wherein the communication network is operatively coupled to a power source and configured for power transfer. Clause 104. The system of Clause 103, wherein the power source optionally comprises a main power source, a backup generator, or an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). Clause 105. The system of any one of clauses 90 to 104, wherein the communication network is configured to transmit a signal indicative of energy or power consumption, wherein the power consumption optionally includes a heating system, a cooling system, Power consumption of systems, and/or lighting, and wherein the signal optionally facilitates monitoring power consumption of individual rooms or groups of rooms of the facility. Clause 106. The system of any one of clauses 90 to 105, wherein the communication network is configured to utilize (i) utilize radio frequency signals and/or (ii) facilitate communication with one or more sensors At least one wireless protocol. Clause 107. Non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for enabling a mobile device of a user to communicate over a cellular network of a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions being executed by one or more a processor, when executed, causes the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving or directing to receive a request from the mobile device to access the cellular network of the facility, wherein: the request comprises from the mobile device The device is based at least in part on data from a user profile accessible by the network, and the user profile is associated with a connectivity profile comprising one or more connectivity characteristics, the one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network associated with the facility that facilitates control of one or more building systems of the facility; and upon receiving the request, according to the one or more The connectivity feature provides or directs the mobile device to access the cellular network of the facility. Clause 108. The non-transitory computer readable program instructions of Clause 107, wherein the communication network comprises the cellular network of the facility. Clause 109. The non-transitory computer readable program instructions of any one of clauses 107 to 108, wherein at least a portion of the program instructions are located remotely from the facility. Clause 110. The non-transitory computer readable program instructions of any one of clauses 107 to 109, wherein at least a portion of the program instructions are located in the cloud. Clause 111. The non-transitory computer-readable program instructions of any one of clauses 107-110, wherein the program instructions are recorded on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media. Clause 112. The non-transitory computer readable program instructions of any one of clauses 107 to 111, wherein the one or more processors comprises a processor disposed in a collection of devices at the facility, the collection of devices There is a housing enclosing the one or more devices comprising: (i) a sensor, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. Clause 113. The non-transitory computer readable program instructions of any one of clauses 107 to 112, wherein the one or more processors comprise: (i) a microprocessor and/or (ii) a graphics processor unit. Clause 114. An apparatus for enabling a mobile device of a user to communicate over a cellular network of a facility, the apparatus comprising at least one controller configured to: receive or direct reception of a request from the mobile device to access the cellular network of the facility, wherein: the request includes data from the mobile device based at least in part on a user profile accessible by the network, and the user setting The file is associated with a connectivity profile that includes one or more connectivity properties for providing access to the cellular network associated with the facility, the cellular network facilitating control of one or more building systems of the facility; and, after receiving the request, providing or directing provision of the mobile device's access to the cellular network of the facility based on the one or more connectivity characteristics. Clause 115. The apparatus of Clause 114, wherein the at least one controller is part of or configured to be operatively coupled to a control system having more than two levels of control hierarchy. Clause 116. The apparatus of any one of Clauses 114 to 115, wherein the at least one controller comprises a controller disposed in or attached to a fixture of the facility. Clause 117. The apparatus of any one of clauses 114 to 116, wherein the at least one controller comprises a controller disposed in a collection of devices of the facility, the collection of devices having a device enclosing the one or more devices A housing, the one or more devices comprising: (i) a sensor, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. Clause 118. The apparatus of any one of clauses 114 to 117, wherein at least two operations of (i), (ii), and (iii) are performed by the same controller of the at least one controller. Clause 119. The apparatus of any one of clauses 114 to 117, wherein at least two operations of (i), (ii), and (iii) are performed by different controllers of the at least one controller. Clause 120. An apparatus for enabling a mobile device of a user to communicate over a cellular network of an establishment, the apparatus comprising: a collection of devices of the establishment, the collection of devices having a sensor comprising (a) , (b) a sensor and a transmitter, or (c) a transceiver device, the devices collectively disposed in a housing, the devices collectively configured to (A) measure the facility An environmental and (B) output sensor measurement collectively configured to be accessible by a mobile device of the user operatively configured to perform at least in part by being configured to operatively coupled to the communications network of the facility by: receiving a request from the mobile device to access the cellular network of the facility, wherein: the request includes information about a user profile accessed by the device, and the user profile is associated with a connectivity profile that includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing information about the associated with access to the cellular network that facilitates control of one or more building systems of the facility; and upon receiving the request, providing the mobile device with access to the device based on the one or more connectivity characteristics access to the cellular network of the facility. Clause 121. The apparatus of Clause 120, wherein the devices are collectively configured for placement in, or attached to, a fixture of the facility. Clause 122. The apparatus of any one of Clauses 120 to 121, wherein the securing means comprises a frame. Clause 123. The apparatus of any one of Clauses 120 to 122, wherein the frame comprises a mullion or a beam. Clause 124. The apparatus of any one of clauses 120 to 123, wherein the means collectively comprise a processor or a controller. Clause 125. The apparatus of any one of Clauses 120 to 124, wherein the devices are collectively configured to be operatively coupled to a control system of the facility. Clause 126. The apparatus of any one of Clauses 120 to 125, wherein the devices are collectively configured to facilitate environmental control of the facility.

105a: roof donor antenna; roof antenna; donor antenna 105b: Roof Donor Antenna; Roof Antenna; Donor Antenna 107: Sky sensor 109: physical line; high-speed line 111:Central Office 113: Control panel 119: data carrying line 121: Trunk 123: Installation Collective 125: Antenna 200: communication network; network 201: Extranet 203: access network 204: Physical communication and/or power link; link 205: vertical communication line 207: first control panel; control panel 209: second control panel; control panel 211: the third control panel; control panel 213:Physical communication and/or power link; communication link; link 215:Physical communication and/or power link; communication link; link 217:Physical communication and/or power link; communication link; link 219: Horizontal Data Plane 221: Horizontal data plane 223: Horizontal data plane 251a: Network Adapter 251b: Network Adapter 251c: Network Adapter 251d: Network Adapter 251e: Network Adapter 253: target set 255: IGU 257:Third party device 259: Communication and/or power lines (trunk lines); links (coaxial cables) 261: link (coaxial cable) 263: link (coaxial cable) 265a: head end 265b: head end 267: switch 269: Distributed Antenna System (DAS) 271: Power and/or communication links (cables); links 273: Antenna 275a: user end node 275b: user end node 277:Network Adapter 279: link (coaxial cable) 281: (power and/or communication) lines 283: Second link (coaxial cable) 285:Physical (power and/or communication) lines 287: Antenna 289: Antenna 290: Distributed contacts 300: System Hierarchy Architecture 305:Mobile device 310: Facility Network 315: cellular network; facility network 320: Internet 325: eSIM Portal Website 330:Subscribe to database 333: Policy/Billing System 410: mobile phone 415: user 420: Quick Response (QR) Code 425: Information station 505: mobile phone 510: eSIM Portal Website 515: Subscribe to database 520: Policy/Billing System 525: Arrow; eSIM Portal 530: action 535: arrow; eSIM profile download request 540: block 545:Arrow 550: Arrow 555: ISMI start notification 610: procedure 615: block 701:Mobile device; mobile device profile 702: eSIM Portal Website 703: Subscribe to database 704:Policy/Billing System 705: block 710: square; eSIM portal 715: block 720: block 725: block 730: block 735: block 740: block 745: block 750: block 755: block 760: block 765: block 770: block 775: block 780: block 785: cube 790: block 795: cube 797: cube 801:Mobile device 802: Subscribe to the database 803: Policy/Billing System 804: Facility Network Operator 805: Honeycomb operator 810: block 815: cube 865: cube 870: cube 875: cube 880: block 885: cube 890: cube 895: cube 897: cube 900: method 901: cube 902: block 903: block 1000: method 1001: block 1002: block 1003: block 1004: block 1100: Schematic diagram 1101: Sensor and/or schedule data 1102: Controller 1200: schematic diagram 1202: headend router 1204: giant cell 1208:RAU 1210:RAU 1212: Antenna 1213: giant community 1214: small cell device 1216: cellular network; network 1218:PDN GW 1228:Internet 1230: small cell controller 1232: control signal 1234: input data 1236:Switch 1300: Electrochromic device 1302: Substrate 1304: transparent conductive layer (TCL) 1306: Electrochromic layer (EC) 1308: Ionically Conductive Layer or Region (IC) 1310: opposite electrode layer (CE) 1314:Second TCL 1316: Voltage source 1320: Electrochromic (CE) stack 1400: Insulated Glass Unit (IGU) 1404:First pane 1406: second pane 1408: Internal volume 1500: Control system architecture; Control systems 1504: local controller 1506: floor controller 1508: Main controller 1510: External source 1520: database 1524: Building Management Systems (BMS) 1600: computer system; system 1601: Computer network 1602: memory or memory location 1603: communication interface; interface 1604: Electronic storage unit; storage unit 1605: peripheral device 1606: processing unit; processor S1: first surface S2: second surface S3: first surface S4: second surface

The novel features of the invention are set forth in detail in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following description of illustrative embodiments utilizing the principles of the invention and the accompanying drawings (also referred to herein as "Fig./Figs.") ,in: [Figure 1] Schematically showing the infrastructure of the building; [Figure 2] Schematically showing the network infrastructure of the building; [Figure 3] Shows the example system hierarchy for enabling mobile devices on the facility network; [Figure 4] is a diagram showing the state of user experience when activating and utilizing a mobile phone equipped with eSIM; [Figure 5] and [Figure 6] are swim lane diagrams showing the example eSIM activation procedure; [Figure 7] is a swim lane diagram showing another example of the eSIM activation procedure; [Fig. 8] is a swim lane diagram showing yet another example of the eSIM activation procedure; [FIG. 9] A flowchart illustrating a method for establishing enhanced cellular connectivity in a facility; [FIG. 10] A flowchart showing a method for connecting a mobile device to a cellular network of a facility; [Fig. 11] is a system diagram of an example system for routing signals; [Figure 12] Schematically showing the routing of signals associated with the facility; [Figure 13] Schematically shows the electrochromic device; [Figure 14] Schematically showing the cross-section of a tintable window; [Figure 15] Schematically showing an example of a control system architecture; and [Fig. 16] Schematically shows an example computer system.

Figures and components therein may not be drawn to scale. Various components of the drawings described herein may not be drawn to scale.

701:Mobile device

702: eSIM Portal Website

703: Subscribe to database

704:Policy/Billing System

705: block

710: square; eSIM portal

715: block

720: block

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735: block

740: block

745: block

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797: cube

Claims (51)

A method of establishing user identity in a cellular network of facilities, the method comprising: receiving a request for a user profile from a mobile device of a user; determining a connectivity profile based at least in part on the received request, wherein the connectivity profile includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network, the cellular network facilitate control of one or more building systems of the facility; and sending the user profile to the mobile device, wherein the user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile. The method of claim 1, wherein the user profile includes an embedded subscriber identity module (eSIM) profile. The method of claim 1, further comprising: (i) receiving a response that the user profile has been installed on the mobile device; and (ii) in response to receiving the response, activating on the cellular network of the facility the user profile. The method of claim 3, wherein activating the user profile includes: sending an IMSI activation notification to a subscription database. The method of claim 3, wherein the cellular network of the facility is associated with a plurality of facilities, and wherein activating the user profile includes allowing the cellular network of the mobile device to at least a subset of the plurality of facilities Road access. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the request includes: receiving a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The method of claim 6, further comprising, before receiving the request: (i) generating an indicator of the URL; and (ii) providing the indicator to the user. The method of claim 7, wherein the indicator includes the URL, a hypertext markup language (HTML) link, a quick response (QR) code, or a barcode. The method of claim 7, wherein providing the indicator to the user comprises sending the indicator to a display, a kiosk, a portal, a user device, or the mobile device. The method of claim 6, wherein the URL is unique to the user, type of user, event, facility, or venue. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more connectivity characteristics include a quality of service (QoS) level, an access level, a time during which access to the cellular network is allowed or denied, and /or a bandwidth setting. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the access level comprises an access level to one of the following: (i) information accessible via the cellular network; (ii) data accessible via the cellular network network; and/or (iii) a device operatively coupled to the cellular network. The method of claim 1, wherein the cellular network is operatively coupled to the one or more building systems. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more building systems comprise a collection of devices having a housing enclosing the one or more devices, the one or more devices comprising: (i) sensors, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. The method of claim 13, wherein the one or more building systems comprise a tintable window. A system for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the system being configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1-15. Non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions in a device operatively coupled to a cellular network The execution of one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform or instruct to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-15. An apparatus for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the apparatus comprising at least one controller configured to perform or direct the execution of any one of claims 1 to 15 Item method. A system for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the system comprising: a communication network configured to: transmitting a request for a user profile from a mobile device of the user; and transfer the user profile to the mobile device, wherein: (i) a connectivity profile determined based at least in part on the request includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network that facilitates control of one of the facilities or multiple building systems; and (ii) The user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile. The system of claim 19, wherein the communication network is configured to transmit one or more signals configured to facilitate adjustment of an environment of the facility. The system according to claim 19, wherein the communication network includes the cellular network. The system of claim 19, wherein the communication network is operatively coupled to a power source and configured for power transmission. The system of claim 19, wherein the communication network is configured to utilize at least one wireless protocol that (i) utilizes radio frequency signals and/or (ii) facilitates communication with the one or more sensors. Non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions being operatively coupled to one of a communications network or Execution by multiple processors causes the one or more processors to perform operations including: receiving or directing to receive a request for a user profile from a mobile device of the user via the communication network; determining or directing to determine a connectivity profile based at least in part on the request received, wherein the connectivity profile includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network, the cellular a network that facilitates control of one or more building systems at the facility; and Sending or directing to send the user profile to the mobile device, wherein the user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile. The non-transitory computer readable program instructions of claim 24, wherein the communication network includes the cellular network of the facility. The non-transitory computer readable program instructions of claim 24, wherein at least a portion of the program instructions are located remotely from the facility. The non-transitory computer-readable program instructions of claim 24, wherein the one or more processors include a processor disposed in a collection of devices of the facility, the collection of devices having a device enclosing the one or more devices A housing, the one or more devices include: (i) a sensor, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. An apparatus for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the apparatus comprising at least one controller configured to: (i) receive or direct to receive a request for a user profile from a mobile device of the user via a communication network; (ii) determining or directing to determine a connectivity profile based at least in part on the request received, wherein the connectivity profile includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network , the cellular network facilitates control of one or more building systems of the facility; and (iii) sending or directing to send the user profile to the mobile device, wherein the user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the at least one controller comprises a controller disposed in or attached to a fixture of a facility. The device of claim 28, wherein the at least one controller comprises a controller disposed in a device collective of the facility, the device collective has a housing enclosing the one or more devices, the one or more The device includes: (i) a sensor, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. An apparatus for establishing user identification in a cellular network of a facility, the apparatus comprising: A device collective of the facility, the device collective having devices comprising (a) a sensor, (b) a sensor and a transmitter, or (c) a transceiver, the devices of the device collective being disposed at In a housing, the devices are collectively configured to (A) measure an environment of the facility and (B) output sensor measurements, the devices are collectively configured to be accessible by a mobile device of the user, the The mobile device is operatively configured to be operatively coupled to the communication at least in part by being configured to: (a) receiving a request for a user profile from the mobile device of the user via the communication network; (b) determining a connectivity profile based at least in part on the received request, wherein the connectivity profile includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing access to the cellular network of the facility , the cellular network facilitates control of one or more building systems of the facility; and (c) sending the user profile to the mobile device, wherein the user profile is associated with the determined connectivity profile. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the devices are collectively configured for placement in, or attached to, a fixture of the facility. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the devices are collectively configured to be operatively coupled to a control system of the facility. A method of enabling a mobile device of a user to communicate over a cellular network of a facility, the method comprising: receiving a request from the mobile device to access the cellular network of the facility, wherein: (i) the request includes data from the mobile device based at least in part on a user profile accessible by the network, and (ii) the user profile is associated with a connectivity profile that includes one or more connectivity characteristics for providing storage of the cellular network associated with the facility; select, the cellular network facilitates control of one or more building systems of the facility; and After receiving the request, the mobile device is provided with access to the cellular network of the facility based on the one or more connectivity characteristics. The method of claim 34, wherein the user profile includes an embedded subscriber identity module (eSIM) profile. The method of claim 34, further comprising: (i) receiving a response that the user profile is installed on the mobile device; and (ii) in response to receiving the response, activating on the cellular network of the facility the user profile. The method of claim 36, wherein activating the user profile comprises: sending an IMSI activation notification to a subscription database. The method of claim 36, wherein the cellular network of the facility is associated with a plurality of facilities, and wherein activating the user profile includes allowing the cellular network of the mobile device to at least a subset of the plurality of facilities Road access. The method of claim 34, wherein receiving the request comprises: receiving a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The method of claim 39, further comprising, before receiving the request: (i) generating an indicator of the URL; and (ii) providing the indicator to the user. The method of claim 40, wherein the indicator includes the URL, a hypertext markup language (HTML) link, a quick response (QR) code, or a code. The method of claim 40, wherein providing the indicator to the user comprises sending the indicator to a display, a kiosk, a portal, a user device, or the mobile device. The method of claim 39, wherein the URL is unique to the user, type of user, event, facility, or venue. The method of claim 34, wherein the one or more connectivity characteristics include a quality of service (QoS) level, an access level, a time during which access to the cellular network is allowed or denied, and /or a bandwidth setting. The method of claim 44, wherein the access level comprises an access level to one of: (i) information accessible via the cellular network; (ii) data accessible via the cellular network network; and/or (iii) a device operatively coupled to the cellular network. The method of claim 34, wherein the cellular network is operatively coupled to the one or more building systems. The method of claim 46, wherein the one or more building systems comprise a collection of devices having a housing enclosing the one or more devices, the one or more devices comprising: (i) sensors, (ii) a transceiver, or (iii) a sensor and a transmitter. The method of claim 46, wherein the one or more building systems comprise a tintable window. A system for establishing user identification in a communication network of a facility, the system configured to perform the method of any one of claims 34-48. Non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for establishing user identification in a communication network of a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions being operated by one or more devices operatively coupled to a communication network The execution of the processor causes the one or more processors to perform or direct to perform the method according to any one of claims 34-48. An apparatus for establishing user identification in a communication network of a facility, the apparatus comprising at least one controller configured to perform or direct the execution of any one of claims 34 to 48 method.