TW202312001A - A method for factory ventilation and heat dissipation - Google Patents
A method for factory ventilation and heat dissipation Download PDFInfo
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本創作係有關一種廠房通風散熱方法,尤指一種可有效阻擋粉塵飄入廠房,又可降低廠房內的溫度,甚至污染物濃度者。 This work is about a ventilation and heat dissipation method for a factory building, especially a method that can effectively prevent dust from floating into the factory building, and can also reduce the temperature and even the concentration of pollutants in the factory building.
對於一般的工廠作業廠房而言,若是廠房內的作業人員數量很多,機器發熱且排出的熱氣無法移除至廠房外時,這些「熱」將會造成廠房內之溫度上升。當廠房內需要保持低粉塵時,若是使用一般的吸氣通風方法,將會讓粉塵容易從敞開的窗、門被吸入室內。 For a general factory building, if there are a large number of workers in the factory building, the machine generates heat and the exhausted heat cannot be removed to the outside of the factory building, the "heat" will cause the temperature inside the factory building to rise. When it is necessary to keep low dust in the factory building, if the general suction ventilation method is used, the dust will be easily sucked into the room from the open windows and doors.
例如:對於製造塑膠袋的廠房而言,其內有發熱機台,因需要保持低粉塵狀態以免沾黏在塑膠袋上,所以會關閉所有窗戶,只剩牆上方設有百葉氣窗,如此一來,會導致廠房內高溫,個別塑膠袋不易分開,且粉塵難以避免。另如製造球鞋與皮帶的廠房而言,其內有發熱機台,需要保持低粉塵狀態,以免在「上膠壓合」時沾黏在球鞋與皮帶上。廠方關閉左右側牆所有窗戶,但為了通風與避免廠內高溫,會在後端窗戶裝設多部抽風扇,並敞開前端牆面的門窗,但除了前端牆面的門窗附近有風之外,廠內大部分區域幾乎無風,所以更會在廠內上方裝設許多部「中繼風扇」,直覺以為如此可使氣流順暢的從前端牆面的門窗流往後端窗戶的抽風扇,結果大量粉塵會從前端牆面的門窗被吸入廠房內,廠房內仍然高溫。而若是在窗、門上裝設濾網以過濾粉塵,由於濾網的阻塞所引致的壓損,則會 大為降低軸流風扇的流量並增加耗能,不但在清潔濾網與維修保養上相當耗時、耗力,而且也不能很有效的阻擋粉塵進入廠房內。因此,在每個敞開的窗、門設置濾網,有實務上確有窒礙難行之處。 For example: For a factory building that manufactures plastic bags, there is a heating machine inside. Because of the need to maintain a low dust state to avoid sticking to the plastic bags, all windows will be closed, except for the louvered windows on the top of the wall. In this way , It will lead to high temperature in the factory building, individual plastic bags are not easy to separate, and dust is difficult to avoid. Another example is the factory building for the manufacture of sneakers and belts. There are heating machines inside, and the dust needs to be kept low to avoid sticking to the sneakers and belts during "gluing and pressing". The factory closes all the windows on the left and right side walls, but in order to ventilate and avoid the high temperature in the factory, it will install multiple exhaust fans on the rear windows and open the doors and windows on the front wall, except for the wind near the doors and windows on the front wall There is almost no wind in most areas of the factory, so many "relay fans" are installed above the factory. Intuitively, it is thought that this can make the air flow smoothly from the doors and windows on the front wall to the exhaust fans on the rear windows. As a result, A large amount of dust will be sucked into the factory building from the doors and windows on the front wall, and the temperature in the factory building is still high. And if a filter screen is installed on the window and door to filter the dust, the pressure loss caused by the blockage of the filter screen will cause The flow rate of the axial flow fan is greatly reduced and the energy consumption is increased. Not only is it time-consuming and labor-intensive to clean the filter screen and maintain it, but it also cannot effectively prevent dust from entering the factory building. Therefore, in every open window, door is provided with strainer, has the part that hinders and is difficult to carry out in practice.
另欲處理上述「熱」與「粉塵」的問題,常會使用「稀釋增壓法」,其係以風機供應經過濾的「冷」、「暖」或「常溫」乾淨空氣至廠房內,與室內原有的空氣混合(稀釋),調整窗扉的開度,使氣流溢出窗扉開口時造成足夠的壓力損失(阻力),藉以阻擋粉塵飄入廠房,又可降低廠房內的溫度,甚至污染物濃度。然而,傳統通風課本與手冊基本稀釋法原理,其基本假設為:任何瞬間房間內污物染濃度的空間分佈是「均勻」的。但是在實際工廠的複雜情況並不能套用。 In addition, to deal with the above-mentioned "heat" and "dust" problems, the "dilution pressurization method" is often used, which uses a fan to supply filtered "cold", "warm" or "normal temperature" clean air to the factory building, and indoor The original air is mixed (diluted), and the opening of the casement is adjusted to cause sufficient pressure loss (resistance) when the airflow overflows the casement opening, so as to prevent dust from floating into the factory building, and reduce the temperature in the factory building, and even pollutants concentration. However, the basic assumption of the basic dilution method in traditional ventilation textbooks and manuals is that the spatial distribution of pollutant concentration in a room at any moment is "uniform". However, the complex situation in the actual factory cannot be applied.
有鑑於此,為了提供一種有別於習用技術之結構,並改善上述之缺點,創作人積多年的經驗及不斷的研發改進,遂有本創作之產生。 In view of this, in order to provide a structure different from the conventional technology and improve the above-mentioned shortcomings, the author has accumulated many years of experience and continuous research and development, so this creation is produced.
本創作之一目的在解決習用通風散熱技術在實際運用上,仍無法有效阻擋粉塵飄入廠房內與降低廠房內溫度、污染物濃度之問題,而能提供一種可以使廠房內達到正壓效果,讓廠房內的壓力比廠房外的大氣壓力高,而可有效阻擋粉塵飄入廠房,又可降低廠房內的溫度,甚至污染物濃度的廠房通風散熱方法。 One of the purposes of this creation is to solve the problem that the conventional ventilation and heat dissipation technology is still unable to effectively prevent dust from floating into the factory building and reduce the temperature and pollutant concentration in the factory building, and to provide a positive pressure effect in the factory building. Let the pressure inside the factory building be higher than the atmospheric pressure outside the factory building, which can effectively prevent dust from floating into the factory building, and can reduce the temperature in the factory building and even the concentration of pollutants in the factory building ventilation and heat dissipation method.
為達上述之目的,本創作之一種廠房通風散熱方法係包括下列步驟:A.廠房整體參數設計步驟,其以理論估算並調整需求總風量、至少一窗戶總面積、至少一窗戶出氣速度、室內外壓差;B.至少一管道幾何設計步驟,其先以流體力學基本原理做初步設計,再以CFD電腦程式計算, 設計至少一管道幾何尺寸,以使複數個出風口最大風速或流量不均勻度達到滿意的低值;C.廠房之至少一管道位置配置設計步驟,其以CFD電腦程式估算並調整廠房內流場、溫度場、濃度場,藉以調整至少一管道安裝水平位置、高度與至少一窗戶高度,以使廠房內的風速、溫度、濃度達到要求的數值。 In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a method for ventilation and heat dissipation of a factory building in this creation includes the following steps: A. The overall parameter design step of the factory building, which theoretically estimates and adjusts the total air volume required, the total area of at least one window, the air outlet speed of at least one window, the indoor External pressure difference; B. At least one pipeline geometric design step, which first makes a preliminary design based on the basic principles of fluid mechanics, and then calculates with a CFD computer program, Design at least one pipe geometric dimension so that the maximum wind speed or flow non-uniformity of multiple air outlets reaches a satisfactory low value; C. At least one pipe position configuration design step of the factory building, which uses CFD computer program to estimate and adjust the flow field in the factory building , temperature field, and concentration field, so as to adjust the horizontal position and height of at least one pipeline installation and the height of at least one window, so that the wind speed, temperature, and concentration in the factory building can reach the required values.
實施時,本創作更在步驟A之後包括一管道高度與出風口幾何設計步驟,其係以一資料庫選擇並調整至少一管道之管道安裝最小高度、出風口長、寬、間距比、出風口數量、出風口平均風速。 During implementation, the invention further includes a step of duct height and air outlet geometric design after step A, which uses a database to select and adjust at least one duct installation minimum height, air outlet length, width, spacing ratio, air outlet Quantity, average wind speed of air outlet.
實施時,複數個側牆包括依序連續設置之一第一側牆、一第三側牆、一第二側牆及一第四側牆,且第一側牆平行第二側牆。 During implementation, the plurality of side walls include a first side wall, a third side wall, a second side wall and a fourth side wall arranged continuously in sequence, and the first side wall is parallel to the second side wall.
實施時,第一側牆及第二側牆上分別具有至少一窗戶,供分別向外排氣。 During implementation, the first side wall and the second side wall are respectively provided with at least one window for exhausting air to the outside respectively.
實施時,至少一管道之一端連接第一側牆,至少一管道之另一端連接第二側牆,供至少一管道分別垂直第一側牆及第二側牆。 During implementation, one end of at least one pipe is connected to the first side wall, and the other end of at least one pipe is connected to the second side wall, so that at least one pipe is perpendicular to the first side wall and the second side wall respectively.
實施時,本創作更提供至少一隔板,至少一隔板與至少一管道位於同一高度之水平位置上。 During implementation, the invention further provides at least one partition, and at least one partition and at least one pipe are located at the same height and horizontal position.
實施時,至少一隔板為具有高隔熱係數之平板,供阻絕屋頂所向下散發的幅射熱。 During implementation, at least one partition is a flat plate with a high thermal insulation coefficient, which is used to block the radiant heat emitted downward from the roof.
實施時,步驟A係從室外供應過濾空氣至廠房內,供稀釋廠房內的高溫與污染物濃度,並使廠房內成為正壓狀態。 During implementation, step A is to supply filtered air from the outside to the factory building to dilute the high temperature and pollutant concentration in the factory building and make the factory building a positive pressure state.
實施時,任一管道具有一上游端及一下游端,管道從上游端至下游端之間分成複數個漸縮之區段,複數個區段上分別具有至少一出風 口。 During implementation, any pipeline has an upstream end and a downstream end, and the pipeline is divided into a plurality of tapered sections from the upstream end to the downstream end, and each of the plurality of sections has at least one air outlet mouth.
實施時,步驟B之任一管道之複數個出風口之速度或流量,係經由調整任一管道截面積與出風口總截面積之比例以取得。 During implementation, the speed or flow rate of multiple air outlets of any pipeline in step B is obtained by adjusting the ratio of the cross-sectional area of any pipeline to the total cross-sectional area of the air outlets.
為進一步了解本創作,以下舉較佳之實施例,配合圖式、圖號,將本創作之具體構成內容及其所達成的功效詳細說明如下。 In order to further understand this creation, a preferred embodiment is given below, and the specific composition and effect of this creation are described in detail as follows in conjunction with the drawings and figure numbers.
1:廠房 1: plant
11:屋頂 11: Roof
12:第一側牆 12: First side wall
13:第三側牆 13: Third side wall
14:第二側牆 14: Second side wall
15:第四側牆 15: Fourth side wall
16:室內空間 16: Interior space
17:管道 17: pipeline
170:區段 170: section
171:出風口 171: Air outlet
18:窗戶 18: windows
19:隔板 19: Partition
〔圖1〕係為本創作之較佳實施例之廠房外觀示意圖。 〔Fig. 1〕 is the factory building appearance schematic diagram of the preferred embodiment of this creation.
〔圖2〕係為圖1之側視圖。 [Fig. 2] is a side view of Fig. 1.
〔圖3〕係為本創作步驟A之廠房整體參數設計流程圖。 〔Figure 3〕is a flow chart of the overall parameter design of the plant in step A of this creation.
〔圖4〕、〔圖5〕係為本創作步驟A之廠房整體參數之設計參數表。 [Fig. 4] and [Fig. 5] are design parameter tables for the overall parameters of the plant in step A of this creation.
〔圖6〕係為本創作步驟B之廠房管道高度與出風口幾何與配置設計參數示意圖。 〔Figure 6〕is a schematic diagram of the height of the factory building pipeline and the geometry and configuration design parameters of the air outlet in step B of this creation.
〔圖7〕~〔圖9〕係為本創作步驟B之廠房管道高度與出風口幾何設計流程圖。 〔Figure 7〕~〔Figure 9〕 are flow charts for the design of the factory building pipe height and air outlet geometry in step B of this creation.
〔圖10〕係為本創作步驟B之50%不均勻度界定圖。 [Fig. 10] is the 50% non-uniformity definition diagram of the creation step B.
〔圖11〕、〔圖12〕係為本創作步驟B之部分資料庫。 [Fig. 11], [Fig. 12] are part databases of this creation step B.
〔圖13〕係為本創作步驟C之具有噴流方向控制的吹氣管道示意圖。 [Fig. 13] is the schematic diagram of the air blowing pipeline with jet flow direction control for the creation step C.
〔圖14〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(A)之管道設計流程圖。 [Fig. 14] is the pipeline design flow chart of the method (A) of the creation step C.
〔圖15〕係為本創作步驟C之將管道從上游至下游分成數段之側面示意圖。 [Fig. 15] is a schematic side view of dividing the pipeline into several sections from upstream to downstream in step C of this creation.
〔圖16〕係為本創作步驟C之一出氣管道原始設計圖。 〔Fig. 16〕 is the original design drawing of one outlet pipeline of this creation step C.
〔圖17〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(A)在調整後之管道內部與出風口外部速度場圖。 [Fig. 17] is the velocity field diagram of the inside of the pipeline and the outside of the air outlet after adjustment in method (A) of Step C of this creation.
〔圖18〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(A)在調整後之管道內部靜壓分佈圖。 [Fig. 18] is the static pressure distribution diagram inside the pipeline after adjustment of the method (A) of the creation step C.
〔圖19〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(A)在調整前後之各出風口最大風速u jm,i 統計表。 〔Figure 19〕 is the statistical table of the maximum wind speed u jm, i of each air outlet before and after the adjustment of the method (A) of the creation step C.
〔圖20〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(A)在調整前後之各出風口流量Q j,i 統計表。 〔Fig. 20〕 is the statistical table of flow Q j, i of each air outlet before and after adjustment of the method (A) of the creation step C.
〔圖21〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(A)在調整前後之出風口最大風速總體不均勻度η t改善百分比。 [Figure 21] is the improvement percentage of the maximum wind speed overall unevenness η t of the air outlet before and after adjustment in the method (A) of the creation step C.
〔圖22〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(A)在調整前後之管道各段截面積A duct,i 統計表。 〔Fig. 22〕 is the method (A) of this creation step C, before and after the adjustment, the cross-sectional area Aduct , i statistical table of each section of the pipeline.
〔圖23〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(A)在調整前之原始管道設計參數表。 [Fig. 23] is the original pipeline design parameter table before adjustment for the method (A) of the creation step C.
〔圖24〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(A)在調整後之管道設計參數表。 [Fig. 24] is the adjusted pipeline design parameter table for the method (A) of the creation step C.
〔圖25〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(A)在調整前後之出風口調整器之設計參數表。 [Fig. 25] is the design parameter table of the air outlet adjuster before and after adjustment in the method (A) of the creation step C.
〔圖26〕、〔圖27〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(B)之管道設計流程圖。 [Fig. 26] and [Fig. 27] are the pipeline design flowcharts of the method (B) of the creation step C.
〔圖28〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(B)之管道設計圖。 [Fig. 28] is the pipeline design diagram of the method (B) of the creation step C.
〔圖29〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(B)之案例A之管道設計圖。 [Fig. 29] is the pipeline design diagram of Case A of the method (B) of the creation step C.
〔圖30〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(B)在調整前後之各出風口最大風速ujm,i統計表。 [Fig. 30] is the statistical table of the maximum wind speed ujm,i of each air outlet before and after adjustment in method (B) of step C of this creation.
〔圖31〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(B)在調整前後之各出風口流量Qj,i統計表。 〔Fig. 31〕 is the flow rate Qj,i statistical table of each air outlet before and after the adjustment of the method (B) of the creation step C.
〔圖32〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(B)之Hduct=2.0m在調整前後之管道內部與出風口外部速度場圖。 [Fig. 32] is the velocity field diagram of the inside of the duct and the outside of the air outlet before and after adjustment for H duct = 2.0m in method (B) of step C of this creation.
〔圖33〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(B)之Hduct=2.0m在調整後之管道內部靜壓分佈圖。 [Fig. 33] is the static pressure distribution diagram inside the pipeline after adjustment of H duct =2.0m in method (B) of step C of this creation.
〔圖34〕係為本創作步驟C之方法(B)在調整前後之出風口總體不均勻度η t改善百分比圖。 〔Figure 34〕is the improvement percentage diagram of the overall unevenness η t of the air outlet before and after adjustment in the method (B) of the creation step C.
〔圖35〕係為本創作步驟D之設計流程圖。 〔Fig. 35〕 is the design flowchart of this creation step D.
〔圖36〕係為本創作步驟D之追蹤氣體分佈圖。 [Fig. 36] is the tracing gas distribution diagram of step D of this creation.
〔圖37〕、〔圖38〕係為本創作步驟D之案例之廠房設計參數表。 [Fig. 37], [Fig. 38] are the plant design parameter table of the case of the creation step D.
〔圖39〕係為本創作步驟D之四種不同管道配置方式圖。 〔Fig. 39〕 is four kinds of different pipeline configuration diagrams of this creation step D.
〔圖40〕係為本創作步驟D之案例以CFD電腦程式分析計算結果之廠房作業區速度、溫度、濃度、壓力統計表。 〔Figure 40〕is a statistical table of the speed, temperature, concentration, and pressure of the factory building operation area analyzed and calculated by the CFD computer program for the case of the creation step D.
〔圖41〕係為本創作具有隔板之另一案例之廠房外觀示意圖。 [Figure 41] is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the factory building in another case of this creation with partitions.
〔圖42〕係為圖41之側視圖。 [Fig. 42] is a side view of Fig. 41.
〔圖43〕、〔圖44〕係為本創作步驟D之另一案例之廠房設計參數表。 [Fig. 43], [Fig. 44] are the plant design parameter tables of another case of the creation step D.
〔圖45〕係為本創作步驟D之另一案例在側視立面y=3m之截面中之速度向量與流線分佈圖。 [Fig. 45] is the velocity vector and streamline distribution diagram in the section of the side elevation y=3m for another case of the creation step D.
〔圖46〕係為本創作步驟D之另一案例在側視立面y=3m之截面中之溫度場分佈圖。 [Fig. 46] is another example of the creation step D in the temperature field distribution diagram in the section of the side elevation y=3m.
〔圖47〕係為本創作步驟D之另一案例在側視立面y=3m之截面中之濃度場分佈圖。 [Fig. 47] is another example of the creation step D in the concentration field distribution diagram in the section of the side elevation y=3m.
〔圖48〕係為本創作步驟D之另一案例在端視立面y=3m之截面中之速度 向量與流線分佈圖。 [Fig. 48] is another case of the creation step D in the section of the end-view elevation y=3m in the velocity Vector profile with streamlines.
〔圖49〕係為本創作步驟D之另一案例在端視立面y=3m之截面中之溫度場分佈圖。 [Fig. 49] is another example of the creation step D in the temperature field distribution diagram in the cross-section of the end elevation y=3m.
〔圖50〕係為本創作步驟D之另一案例在端視立面y=3m之截面中之濃度場分佈圖。 [Fig. 50] is another example of the creation step D in the concentration field distribution diagram in the section of the end elevation y=3m.
〔圖51〕係為本創作步驟D之另一案例在俯視水平面z=1.8m之截面中之速度向量與流線分佈圖。 [Fig. 51] is another example of the creation step D of the velocity vector and streamline distribution diagram in the cross-section of the horizontal plane z=1.8m.
〔圖52〕係為本創作步驟D之另一案例在俯視水平面z=1.8m之截面中之溫度場分佈圖。 [Fig. 52] is another example of the creation step D in the temperature field distribution diagram in the cross-section of the horizontal plane z=1.8m.
〔圖53〕係為本創作步驟D之另一案例在俯視水平面z=1.8m之截面中之濃度場分佈圖。 [Fig. 53] is another example of the creation step D in the concentration field distribution diagram in the cross-section of the horizontal plane z=1.8m.
〔圖54〕係為本創作步驟D之另一案例之廠房作業區速度、溫度、濃度、壓力統計表。 [Fig. 54] is the speed, temperature, concentration and pressure statistical table of another case of the factory building operation area of the creation step D.
〔圖55〕係為本創作步驟D之無隔板與有隔板二個案例在平均速度方面與原始廠房之比較圖。 〔Fig. 55〕is the comparison diagram of the average speed and the original factory building for the two cases without a partition and with a partition in the creation step D.
〔圖56〕係為本創作步驟D之無隔板與有隔板二個案例在溫度方面與原始廠房之比較圖。 〔Fig. 56〕 is the comparative figure of the original factory building in terms of temperature for the two cases without a partition and with a partition in the creation step D.
〔圖57〕係為本創作步驟D之無隔板與有隔板二個案例在濃度方面與原始廠房之比較圖。 [Fig. 57] is a comparison diagram of the original factory building in terms of concentration in the two cases without a partition and with a partition in the creation step D.
〔圖58〕係為本創作步驟D之無隔板與有隔板二個案例在壓力方面與原始廠房之比較圖。 〔Fig. 58〕is the comparison diagram of the pressure and the original factory building in the two cases of the non-partition and the partition of the creation step D.
請參閱圖1、圖2所示,本創作之廠房1主要包括一屋頂11及設於屋頂11下方且依序連續環繞設置之一第一側牆12、一第三側牆13、一第二側牆14及一第四側牆15,第一側牆12與第二側牆14相互平行。四個側牆框圍成長方形,並與屋頂11共同框圍成一室內空間16,室內空間16上方具有至少一個管道17,在本實施中,四個管道17間隔並列,並與第三側牆13、第四側牆15相互平行。任一管道17依據空氣之流向而具有一上游端及一下游端,任一管道17從上游端至下游端之間分成複數個漸縮之區段170,各管道17之各區段170的下半部分別具有間隔排列之至少一個出風口171,供分別送出下吹氣流;第一側牆12與第二側牆14上分別具有複數個水平間隔排列之窗戶18,供分別向外排氣。
Please refer to Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 2, the
本創作廠房通風散熱方法包括下列步驟: The ventilating and heat dissipation method of the creative factory building comprises the following steps:
A.廠房1整體參數設計步驟,其以理論估算並調整需求總風量Qtotal、窗戶18總面積Awin、窗戶出氣速度Vwin、室內外壓差△Pwin。
A. The overall parameter design step of
B.管道17高度與出風口171幾何設計步驟,其以資料庫(Data Bank)選擇並調整至少一管道17之管道安裝最小高度h、出風口171長dj、寬wj、間距比sj/dj、出風口171數量Nj、出風口171平均風速uj。
B. The height of the
C.出氣管道17幾何設計步驟,其先以流體力學基本原理做初步設計,再以Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)電腦程式計算,設計管道17幾何尺寸(長Lduct,寬Wduct,高Hduct),以使各出風口171最大風速或流量不均勻度達到滿意的低值。
C. Steps for geometric design of the
D.廠房1管道17位置配置設計步驟,其以CFD電腦程式估算並調整廠房1內流場、溫度場、濃度場,藉以調整管道17安裝水平位置、高度與窗戶18
高度,以使廠房1內的風速、溫度、濃度達到要求的數值。
D. The design step of the position configuration of the
在冷氣或暖氣房裡,或者旅館、公共設施的廳堂經常遇到的情況:在某些位置常常被冷氣、暖氣或常溫的高速氣流直接吹拂頭部,在某些位置幾乎無風,在某些位置太冷或太熱,使得人體不舒服,甚至造成疾病。這些問題都是因為使用熱力學原理進行「製冷」、「製熱」,但是沒有使用流體力學原理進行「配氣」,以導引與分配氣流所造成。 In air-conditioned or heated rooms, or in the halls of hotels and public facilities, the situation is often encountered: in some positions, the head is often directly blown by air-conditioning, heating or high-speed airflow at normal temperature, in some positions there is almost no wind, in some positions Too cold or too hot can make the human body uncomfortable and even cause disease. These problems are all caused by using the principles of thermodynamics for "cooling" and "heating", but not using the principles of fluid mechanics for "gas distribution" to guide and distribute airflow.
步驟A之廠房整體參數設計步驟是以熱力學原理,以整體性參數初步估算需求風量的方法;其廠房1整體參數設計流程圖係如圖3所示。整體參數之設計目的在於從室外供應過濾空氣或冷氣至廠房1內,稀釋廠房1內的高溫、污染物濃度,並使廠房1內為正壓。如此可降低、稀釋廠房1內的溫度與污染物濃度,並可降低廠房1外的粉塵從門、窗、開口、縫隙進入廠房1內的機會
The overall parameter design step of the factory building in step A is based on the principle of thermodynamics and the method of preliminarily estimating the required air volume based on the overall parameters; the overall parameter design flow chart of the
廠房1整體參數設計方法在設計空氣進氣量時,須考量因為人體與機器的「發熱率」造成的影響。若機器表面做好隔熱措施、機器排放熱氣以及散發的污染物經由「局部通風設施」移除,則僅考慮人體發熱即可,但需將「局部通風設施」的吸氣量加入以下計算出來的「需求空氣進氣量」中)。
When designing the overall parameter design method of
「需求空氣體積流率」估算法包括: Methods for estimating Demand Air Volume Flow Rate include:
1.熱力學估算法:如果廠房中存在「過熱」的問題時,假設在供氣過程,廠房內的空氣維持Homogeneous與Equilibrium狀態,使用「熱力學」的原理,估算「理論需求空氣體積流率」Q theory。若廠房內人體、機器的總發熱率為q,空氣在常溫時的比熱為c p,密度為ρ,空氣在工廠內吸熱而上升的溫度是 △T,「理論需求空氣質量流率」是m,「理論需求空氣體積流率」是Q theory。則根據「熱力學」原理,以上參數之間的關係可以寫成: 1. Thermodynamic estimation method: If there is an "overheating" problem in the plant, assuming that the air in the plant maintains a Homogeneous and Equilibrium state during the air supply process, use the principle of "thermodynamics" to estimate the "theoretical demand air volume flow rate" Q theory . If the total heat generation rate of the human body and machines in the factory building is q , the specific heat of the air at room temperature is cp , and the density is ρ , the temperature of the air rising due to heat absorption in the factory is △ T , and the "theoretical required air mass flow rate" is m , "theoretical demand air volume flow rate" is Q theory . According to the principle of "thermodynamics", the relationship between the above parameters can be written as:
q=mc p△T=(ρ Q theory)c p△T, q = mc p △ T =( ρ Q theory ) c p △ T ,
因此Q theory=q/(ρ c p△T)若設定「容許升溫」△T,則可依上式計算出「理論需求空氣體積流率」Q theory。[註:設定室內空氣容許上升的溫度△T(例如:0.1℃、0.2℃或0.3℃),若供氣風機之上游有裝設「冷卻器」,則廠房內可達到比外氣溫度低的溫度;若無裝設「冷卻器」,則廠房內的溫度最低只能與外氣溫度差不多]。通常「實際需求空氣體積流率」Q total會將「理論需求空氣體積流率量」Q theory乘上一個安全因子k(1): Therefore, Q theory = q/ ( ρ c p △ T ) If the "allowable temperature rise" △ T is set, the "theoretical required air volume flow rate" Q theory can be calculated according to the above formula. [Note: Set the temperature △ T (for example: 0.1°C, 0.2°C or 0.3°C) that the indoor air is allowed to rise. temperature; if no “cooler” is installed, the minimum temperature in the plant can only be about the same as the outside air temperature]. Usually the "actual required air volume flow rate" Q total will multiply the "theoretical required air volume flow rate" Q theory by a safety factor k ( 1):
Q total=kQ theory若設定「容許升溫」△T,則可依上頁公式計算出「實際需求空氣體積流率」Q total。而若Q total的數值太大,超出合理範圍,則可選擇以下三種方式調整,以降低Q total的需求量: Q total = kQ theory If the "allowable temperature rise" △ T is set, the "actual required air volume flow rate" Q total can be calculated according to the formula on the previous page. If the value of Q total is too large and exceeds the reasonable range, you can choose the following three ways to adjust to reduce the demand for Q total :
(a).加大△T至可接受的數值以降低Q total; (a). Increase △ T to an acceptable value to reduce Q total ;
(b).在供氣風機上游裝設「冷卻器」。若「冷卻器」是空調冷氣,則可使用旁通的方式將少量「冷氣」混入供應空氣中,僅需將供應空氣的溫度降低一些,即可使△T有足夠裕度可以調整Q total。若「冷卻器」是其他型式也可得到相同效果; (b). Install a "cooler" upstream of the air supply fan. If the "cooler" is air-conditioning air-conditioning, a small amount of "cooling air" can be mixed into the supply air by bypassing, and only need to lower the temperature of the supply air, so that △ T has enough margin to adjust Q total . The same effect can also be obtained if the "cooler" is of other types;
(c).在發熱機器加裝「局部通風設施」以降低Q total值(但必須記得將「局部通風設施」的吸氣量加入最後計算出來的「需求進氣量」Q total中)。 (c). Add "local ventilation facilities" to the heating machine to reduce the Q total value (but you must remember to add the suction volume of the "local ventilation facilities" to the final calculated "required air intake" Q total ).
2.污染物質量濃度需求上限估算法:如果廠房中存在「污染物濃度過高」 的問題時,假設在供氣過程,廠房內的空氣維持同質(Homogeneous)與平衡(Equilibrium)狀態,利用污染物質量濃度[質量分率(mass fraction)]需求上限值f p以及污染物的質量產生率m p,估算「理論需求空氣質量流率」m: 2. Estimation method for the upper limit of pollutant mass concentration demand: If there is a problem of "excessive pollutant concentration" in the plant, it is assumed that the air in the plant is maintained in a homogeneous (Homogeneous) and balanced (Equilibrium) state during the air supply process, and the pollution Substance mass concentration [mass fraction (mass fraction)] demand upper limit value f p and pollutant mass production rate m p , estimate "theoretical demand air mass flow rate" m :
f p=m p /(m+m p),因此m=m p(1-f p)/f p再將「理論需求空氣質量流」率m除以供應空氣的密度ρ,即可得到「理論需求空氣體積流率」Q theory: f p = m p / ( m + m p ), so m = m p (1- f p ) / f p and then divide the "theoretical demand air mass flow" rate m by the density ρ of the supply air to get " Theoretical demand air volume flow rate” Q theory :
Q theory=m/ρ再以方程式Q total=kQ theory計算「實際需求空氣體積流率」Q total。 Q theory = m/ρ and then use the equation Q total = kQ theory to calculate the "actual required air volume flow rate" Q total .
3.藉著調整廠房「窗戶開口總面積」A win,以改變空氣「從窗戶流出室外的風速」V win以及廠房內的「正壓」(廠房內壓力比外氣壓力高出的數值)△P win大小。從窗戶流出廠房外的氣流速度V win: 3. By adjusting the "total window opening area" A win of the factory building, the "wind speed of the air flowing out of the window" V win and the "positive pressure" in the factory building (the value that the pressure inside the factory building is higher than the pressure of the outside air)△ P win size. Airflow velocity V win flowing out of the factory building from the window:
V win=Q total/A win廠房內的「正壓」△P win:假設窗戶的壓損係數C 0 0.5~0.6, V win = Q total / A win "Positive pressure" in the plant △ P win : Suppose the pressure loss coefficient of the window is C 0 0.5~0.6,
△P win=C 0(ρV win 2)/2 △ P win = C 0 ( ρV win 2 )/2
4.需反覆嘗試計算數次廠房窗戶開口總面積A win,甚至調整△T,以使Q total與室內的正壓△P win與風速V win達到適當可行的數值。 4. It is necessary to repeatedly try to calculate the total window opening area A win of the factory building several times, and even adjust △ T to make Q total , indoor positive pressure △ P win and wind speed V win reach appropriate and feasible values.
廠房整體參數設計例:一座製造塑膠袋的廠房,(長L×寬W×高H)=(15m,12m,15m)。有4部發熱機台(總發熱量q=5kW),須保持低粉塵狀態以免沾黏在塑膠袋上。希望廠房內溫度與外氣溫度差△T<0.5℃,以維持產品品質。請以稀釋增壓法的[步驟A]設計方法,設定「容許升溫」△T=0.2℃,計算:(1)「實際需求總進氣量」Q total、(2)窗戶開度總面積A win、 (3)從窗戶流出廠房外的氣流速度V win、(4)廠房內的「正壓」△P win。 Design example of the overall parameters of the plant: a plant for the manufacture of plastic bags, (Length L × Width W × Height H ) = (15m, 12m, 15m). There are 4 heating machines (total heat generation q =5kW), which must be kept in a low-dust state to avoid sticking to the plastic bag. It is hoped that the difference between the temperature inside the factory building and the outside air temperature △ T < 0.5 ℃, in order to maintain product quality. Please use the [Step A] design method of the dilution pressurization method, set the "allowable temperature rise" △ T = 0.2°C, and calculate: (1) "The actual demanded total air intake" Q total , (2) The total window opening area A win , (3) the airflow velocity V win flowing from the windows outside the factory building, (4) the "positive pressure" △ P win inside the factory building.
計算程序如下: The calculation procedure is as follows:
<1>使用Q theory=q/(ρ c p△T)估算「理論需求進氣量」Q theory: <1> Use Q theory = q/ ( ρ c p △ T ) to estimate the "theoretical required intake air volume" Q theory :
q=5kW,ρ=1.164kg/m3,c p=1.007kJ/kg*K, q =5kW, ρ =1.164kg/m 3 , c p =1.007kJ/kg*K,
假設△T=0.2℃,代入上式,可得 Assuming △ T = 0.2 ℃, substituting into the above formula, we can get
Q theory=5/[1.164×1.007×0.2]×60=1280CMM Q theory =5/[1.164×1.007×0.2]×60=1280CMM
以安全因子k=1.2計算「廠房實際供應總風量」Q total,則 Calculate the "total air volume actually supplied by the plant" Q total with the safety factor k = 1.2, then
Q total=kQ theory=1.2×1280=1536CMM Q total = kQ theory =1.2×1280=1536CMM
<2>假設「窗戶開口總面積」A win=6m2,使用V win=Q total/A win估算「從窗戶流出廠房外的氣流速度」V win: <2> Assuming that the "total window opening area" A win =6m 2 , use V win = Q total / A win to estimate the "airflow velocity from the window outside the factory" V win :
V win=[1536/60]/6=4.27m/s V win =[1536/60]/6=4.27m/s
<3>假設窗戶的壓損係數C 0 0.5,使用△P win=C 0(ρV win 2)/2估算「廠房內外的壓力差」△P win: <3> Assume that the pressure loss coefficient of the window is C 0 0.5, use △ P win = C 0 ( ρV win 2 )/2 to estimate the "pressure difference inside and outside the plant" △ P win :
△P win=0.5×(1.164×4.272)/2=5.31Pa依照以上的計算程序,假設數個不同的A win,計算相對應的(V win,△P win),結果如下表所列: △ P win =0.5×(1.164×4.27 2 )/2=5.31Pa According to the above calculation procedure, assuming several different A win , calculate the corresponding ( V win , △ P win ), the results are listed in the following table:
1.A win不會太大,(寬0.6m×高0.7m)窗戶12個或者(寬0.625m×高0.8m)的窗戶12個,可以適當安排在廠房兩端壁面。 1. A win will not be too large, 12 windows (0.6m wide x 0.7m high) or 12 windows (0.625m wide x 0.8m high), which can be properly arranged on the walls at both ends of the factory building.
2.從窗戶射出廠房外的氣流速度V win恰當(3m/s<V win<6m/s)。 2. The airflow velocity V win injected from the window outside the factory building is appropriate (3m/s< V win <6m/s).
3.廠房內外壓力差△P win足夠有效阻擋粉塵逸入廠房內(4Pa<△P win<8Pa)。 3. The pressure difference △ P win inside and outside the factory building is enough to effectively prevent dust from escaping into the factory building (4Pa<△ P win <8Pa).
經由以上的計算結果,可得其廠房整體參數之設計參數表如圖4、圖5所示。 Through the above calculation results, the design parameter table of the overall parameters of the plant can be obtained as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
步驟B、C、D是導引與分配氣流的技術,需要「流體力學」的細節,其中之步驟B為管道高度與出風口幾何設計步驟,其管道高度與出風口幾何設計目的在於: Steps B, C, and D are techniques for guiding and distributing airflow, which require the details of "fluid mechanics". Step B is the step of designing the height of the duct and the geometry of the air outlet. The purpose of the design of the height of the duct and the geometry of the air outlet is to:
1.氣流從管道多個並排的出風口噴出之後,到達人頭部時,需要一段距離衍化,以減小「氣流到達人頭部時的氣流平均速度」與「氣流速度空間分佈不均勻度u‘/ 」至目標值,才不致於使人感覺不舒服: 1. After the airflow is ejected from multiple side-by-side air outlets in the pipeline, when it reaches the head of the person, it needs to evolve for a certain distance to reduce the average speed of the airflow when the airflow reaches the head ” and “inhomogeneity of air velocity spatial distribution u ' / "To the target value, so as not to make people feel uncomfortable:
(1).人頭部長期被高速氣流吹拂(尤其是冷氣),應盡量使人頭高度的氣流平均速度1.5~2.5m/s (1). The human head is blown by high-speed airflow (especially cold air) for a long time, and the average speed of the airflow at the height of the head should be made as far as possible 1.5~2.5m/s
(2).若「氣流速度空間分佈不均勻度u‘/ 」太大,則在出風口下方,噴流速度太大;在偏離出風口下方的區域,氣流速度太小。應盡量使人頭高度的氣流速度空間分佈不均勻度u’/ 50%(亦可自訂不均勻度容許值)。 (2). If the "inhomogeneity of spatial distribution of air velocity u ' / ” is too large, the jet flow velocity is too high under the air outlet; the air velocity is too small in the area deviated from the area below the air outlet. The unevenness of the spatial distribution of the airflow velocity at the head height u ' / 50% (you can also customize the allowable value of unevenness).
2.管道的[出風口平均風速u j、出風口幾何(長d j、寬w j、間距比s j/d j)]會影響「多重噴流衍化距離」的大小。因此,需要使用CFD計算分析,建立一個資料庫(Data Bank),用以設計在選定的人頭高度欲達到之氣流平均速度比 /u j以及可接受的空間分佈不均勻度u’/ 衍化距離(亦即:出風口至 人頭頂的最小距離y*)。管道裝設的高度h應等於或大於人的身高h p加出風口至人頭頂的最小距離y*,亦即:h h p+y*。 2. The [average air velocity u j at the air outlet, the geometry of the air outlet (length d j , width w j , spacing ratio s j / d j )] of the duct will affect the size of the "multiple jet derivation distance". Therefore, it is necessary to use CFD calculation and analysis to establish a database (Data Bank) to design the average velocity ratio of the airflow to be achieved at the selected head height /u j and acceptable spatial distribution unevenness u ' / Derivation distance (that is, the minimum distance y * from the air outlet to the top of the person's head). The height h of the duct installation should be equal to or greater than the human height h p plus the minimum distance y * from the air outlet to the top of the human head, that is: h h p + y *.
3.依本[步驟B]獲得管道數量N duct、管道安裝最小高度h、出風口長d j、寬w j、間距比s j/d j、出風口平均速度u j之後,進入[步驟三]設計管道幾何尺寸(L duct,W duct,H duct),以使出風口風速均勻度符合需求。 3. After obtaining the number of pipes N duct , the minimum height of pipe installation h , the length of the air outlet d j , the width w j , the spacing ratio s j / d j , and the average speed of the air outlet u j according to this [Step B], proceed to [Step 3 ] Design the geometric dimensions of the duct ( L duct , W duct , H duct ) so that the uniformity of the wind speed at the air outlet meets the requirements.
4.若遇一些情況,例如:不需要或不想考慮噴流空間分佈不均勻度u’/ 以及不需要或不想擔心有高速噴流直接衝擊人頭部等等情況,則本[步驟B]可以不須執行,直接設定合適的管道數量N duct、出風口平均風速u j、出風口長d j、寬w j、間距比s j/d j、風管安裝最小高度h,然後進入[步驟C]。 4. In case of some situations, for example: it is not necessary or not to consider the unevenness of jet flow distribution u ' / And if you don’t need or don’t want to worry about high-speed jets directly hitting the head, etc., then [Step B] can be skipped, and you can directly set the appropriate number of ducts N duct , the average wind speed u j of the air outlet, and the length of the air outlet d j , width w j , spacing ratio s j / d j , minimum height h of air duct installation, and then enter [Step C].
如圖6所示,其為廠房管道高度與出風口幾何與配置設計參數示意圖。 As shown in Figure 6, it is a schematic diagram of the design parameters of the pipe height of the factory building and the geometry and configuration of the air outlet.
圖7~圖9為廠房管道高度與出風口幾何設計流程圖。 Figures 7 to 9 are flow charts for the design of the pipe height and the geometric design of the air outlet in the factory building.
圖10為50%不均勻度界定圖。 Figure 10 is a 50% non-uniformity definition map.
圖11、圖12為部分資料庫(Data Bank)。 Figure 11 and Figure 12 are part of the database (Data Bank).
廠房管道高度與出風口幾何設計例:於步驟A的設計例中,已獲得(長L×寬W×高H)=(15m,12m,15m)的塑膠袋廠房欲達到△T=0.2℃時需要的Q total=1536CMM。請以稀釋增壓法的[步驟B]設計方法,設計:管道安裝最小高度h、出風口長d j、寬w j、間距比s j/d j、出風口數量N j、出風口總面積A j、出風口平均風速u j,以使人頭高度的氣流平均速度1.5~2.0m/s、氣流速度空間分佈不均勻度u’/ 50%。 Example of geometric design of plant pipe height and air outlet: In the design example of step A, the plastic bag plant that has been obtained (length L × width W × height H ) = (15m, 12m, 15m) wants to reach △ T = 0.2°C The required Q total =1536CMM. Please use the [Step B] design method of the dilution pressurization method to design: the minimum installation height h of the pipe, the length d j of the air outlet, the width w j , the spacing ratio s j / d j , the number of air outlets N j , and the total area of the air outlet A j , the average wind speed u j at the air outlet, so that the average speed of the airflow at the head height 1.5~2.0m/s, unevenness of air velocity spatial distribution u ' / 50%.
計算程序如下: The calculation procedure is as follows:
1.依[步驟A]所估算之需求風量Q total,選取一個合適的管道數量N duct,計算單支管道流量Q duct=Q total /N duct: 1. According to the required air volume Q total estimated in [Step A], select an appropriate duct quantity N duct , and calculate the single duct flow Q duct = Q total /N duct :
由[步驟A]得到Q total=1536CMM,假設「管道數目」N duct=4,得到 Get Q total =1536CMM from [Step A], assuming "number of pipes" N duct =4, get
Q duct=1536/4=384CMM。 Q duct =1536/4=384CMM.
2.選定人頭的高度h p=1.8m: 2. Select the height h p =1.8m of the human head:
選擇預定架設的管道最小高度h=7m,則y*=h-h p=7-1.8=5.2m。 Select the minimum height of the pipeline to be erected h =7m, then y *= h - h p =7-1.8=5.2m.
3.選擇「出風口長」d j=0.3m,計算y*/d j: 3. Select "air outlet length" d j =0.3m, calculate y * /d j :
y*/d j=5.2/0.3=17.33。 y * /d j =5.2/0.3=17.33.
4.由50%不均勻度界定圖,找出s j/d j的可用範圍: 4. Define the graph by 50% non-uniformity, and find out the available range of s j / d j :
得出s j/d j 5.84。 get s j / d j 5.84.
5.選擇一個s j /d j值,依據d j、y*/d j、h/d j的數值,在資料庫(Data Bank)A中確認氣流速度空間分佈不均勻度u’/ : 5. Select a value of s j /d j , and confirm the unevenness of air velocity spatial distribution u ' / :
選擇「出風口間距比」s j/d j=5,依據d j、y*/d j、s j/d j的數值,於資料庫A中確認氣流速度空間分佈不均勻度為可接受。 Select the "air outlet spacing ratio" s j / d j = 5, and confirm the spatial distribution of airflow velocity in database A according to the values of d j , y */ d j , s j / d j is acceptable.
6.計算s j: 6. Calculate s j :
s j=(s j/d j)×d j=5×0.3=1.5m。 s j =( s j / d j )× d j =5×0.3=1.5m.
7.計算管道出風口數目N j: 7. Calculate the number N j of duct air outlets:
管道長度L duct=15m(與廠房長度相同),設定靠近管道兩側壁面的出風口距離牆壁2m。計算N j=[(15-2×2-0.3)/1.5]+1=8.13。選擇N j=9→可接受。 Duct length L duct =15m (same as the length of the factory building), set the air outlet close to the two sides of the duct to be 2m away from the wall. Calculate N j =[(15-2×2-0.3)/1.5]+1=8.13. Choose N j =9→acceptable.
8.以選取的N j,重新計算s j: 8. With the selected N j , recalculate s j :
以N j=9計算s j=[(15-2×2-0.3)/(9-1)]=1.338m,所以s j/d j=1.338/0.3=4.46。 Calculate s j =[(15-2×2-0.3)/(9-1)]=1.338m with N j =9, so s j / d j =1.338/0.3=4.46.
以d j、y*/d j、s j/d j再次於Data bank確認相對應的氣流速度空間分佈不均勻 度→可接受。 Use d j , y */ d j , s j / d j to confirm the corresponding unevenness of airflow velocity spatial distribution in the Data bank again → Acceptable.
9.依據s j /d j、d j、y*/d j、h/d j的值,在資料庫(Data Bank)B中尋找對應的平均氣流速度比/u j:獲得。 9. According to the values of s j /d j , d j , y * /d j , h/d j , find the corresponding average air velocity ratio in the database (Data Bank) B / u j : get .
10.設定在人頭處欲獲得之,計算: 10. Set it on the head of the person you want to get ,calculate :
設定人頭處欲獲得之氣流平均速度,計算 Set the average speed of the airflow to be obtained at the head ,calculate
重新計算=[384/60/(0.5×0.3×9)]×0.4=1.9m/s→可接受。 recalculate =[384/60/(0.5×0.3×9)]×0.4=1.9m/s→acceptable.
11.計算A j=d j×w j=0.3×0.5=0.15m2。 11. Calculate A j = d j × w j =0.3×0.5=0.15m 2 .
12.計算A j,total=N j×A j=9×0.15=1.35m2。 12. Calculate A j,total = N j × A j =9×0.15=1.35m 2 .
13.計算u j=Q duct/A j,total=384/60/1.35=4.74m/s→可接受。 13. Calculate u j = Q duct / A j, total =384/60/1.35=4.74m/s→acceptable.
14.使用獲得的風管安裝最小高度h=7m、出風口長d j=0.3m、寬w j=0.5m、間距比s j/d j=4.46、出風口數量N j=9、出風口平均風速u j=4.74m/s於[步驟C]設計管道幾何尺寸。 14. Use the obtained air duct installation minimum height h = 7m, air outlet length d j = 0.3m, width w j = 0.5m, spacing ratio s j / d j = 4.46, number of air outlets N j = 9, air outlet The average wind speed u j =4.74m/s in [step C] design the pipe geometry.
步驟C為出氣管道幾何設計步驟,其出氣管道幾何設計目的在於:將空氣送入管道,再從沿著管道長度方向不同位置所設置的「出風口」噴出時(例如暖通空調中的應用:通風系統的補氣管道、將冷氣或暖氣送至各處的管道等等),若管道流量、管道尺寸、出風口速度或流量均勻度未經適當設計,在大部份遞送足夠風量的應用例中,因為管道內靜壓分佈不均,從上游至下游遞增,導致出風口的噴流射出速度從上游至下游遞增,亦即不容易獲得「均勻分配」的吹出氣流,且噴流方向不易控制。因此, 需要有一套方法,以獲得可接受的「氣流分配」與「方向調整」。 Step C is the geometric design step of the air outlet duct. The purpose of the geometric design of the air outlet duct is to send air into the duct and then blow it out from the "air outlets" set at different positions along the length of the duct (for example, in the application of HVAC: supply air ducts for ventilation systems, ducts that send cold or warm air to various places, etc.), if the duct flow, duct size, outlet velocity or flow uniformity are not properly designed, in most applications delivering sufficient air volume Among them, because the static pressure distribution in the pipeline is uneven, increasing from upstream to downstream, the jet velocity of the air outlet increases from upstream to downstream, that is, it is not easy to obtain "evenly distributed" blowing airflow, and the direction of the jet flow is difficult to control. therefore, A method is required to obtain acceptable "air distribution" and "direction".
管道出風口速度方向調整方法:如圖13所示,出風口噴流方向以空管或導葉片控制。使用CFD計算,調整導葉片長度、相鄰導葉片之間隙,使噴流方向達到目標值。管道出風口速度或流量均勻度調整方法包括:[方法(A)]管道截面積A duct從上游至下游漸縮法,以及[方法(B)]管道截面積A duct與出風口總截面積A j,total比例法。其中之[方法(A)]係使管道截面積A duct從上游至下游逐步縮減,以調整管內靜壓分佈,從而調整出風口速度或流量均勻度。[方法(B)]係調整管道幾何(寛W duct、高H duct)、流量Q duct、數目N duct以及出風口幾何(長d j、寛w j、間距s j)、數目N j,以提高管道內的靜壓分佈均勻度,從而改善各出風口噴流速度均勻度,此方法可以得到頗高的各出風口速度與流量均勻度。 The method of adjusting the speed direction of the air outlet of the duct: as shown in Figure 13, the direction of the jet flow at the air outlet is controlled by the empty pipe or the guide vane. Using CFD calculation, adjust the length of the guide vane and the gap between adjacent guide vanes to make the jet flow direction reach the target value. The methods for adjusting the speed or flow uniformity of the air outlet of the duct include: [Method (A)] the duct cross-sectional area A duct is tapered from upstream to downstream, and [Method (B)] the duct cross-sectional area A duct and the total cross-sectional area A of the air outlet j, total ratio method. Among them [method (A)] is to gradually reduce the duct cross-sectional area A duct from upstream to downstream to adjust the static pressure distribution in the duct, thereby adjusting the air outlet velocity or flow uniformity. [Method (B)] is to adjust duct geometry (width W duct , height H duct ), flow rate Q duct , number N duct and air outlet geometry (length d j , width w j , spacing s j ), number N j , to Improve the uniformity of the static pressure distribution in the pipeline, thereby improving the uniformity of the jet velocity of each air outlet. This method can obtain a relatively high velocity and flow uniformity of each air outlet.
如圖14所示,其為[方法(A)]管道截面積A duct從上游至下游漸縮法之管道設計流程圖。如圖15所示,在初始設計時,係將管道從上游端至下游端分成數段,假設各出風口速度均為u j=Q duct /A j,total,且管道各段速度皆為管道入口速度u duct,再依質量守恆定律,決定各段管道的初始截面積A duct,i 。 As shown in Fig. 14, it is a pipeline design flow chart of [method (A)] the pipeline cross-sectional area A duct is tapered from upstream to downstream. As shown in Figure 15, in the initial design, the pipeline is divided into several sections from the upstream end to the downstream end, assuming that the velocity of each air outlet is u j = Q duct /A j,total , and the velocity of each section of the pipeline is The inlet velocity u duct , and then according to the law of conservation of mass, determine the initial cross-sectional area A duct, i of each section of the pipeline.
假設氣流為理想流體,在管道內流動時無壓損,則依柏努利定律(Bernoulli’s principle:無水靜壓P hs=γh變化時,動壓P v+靜壓P s=常數),若管道各段速度皆為u duct,則動壓P v在管道各段相等,所以靜壓P s在管內各段也會相等(亦即:管道各段全壓相等);再考慮一次柏努利定律於出風口:當管內各段靜壓或管道各出風口附近靜壓P s相等時,各出風口速度u j就相同。因此,初始設計依質量守恆定律與柏努利定律,令管道各段速度 皆為u duct且各出風口速度均為u j=Q duct /A j,total,由此可以決定管道各段的初始截面積。 Assuming that the gas flow is an ideal fluid and there is no pressure loss when flowing in the pipeline, according to Bernoulli's principle (Bernoulli's principle: when the anhydrous static pressure P hs = γ h changes, the dynamic pressure P v + static pressure P s = constant), if The speed of each section of the pipeline is uduct , then the dynamic pressure P v is equal in each section of the pipeline, so the static pressure P s will be equal in each section of the pipeline (that is: the total pressure of each section of the pipeline is equal); consider Bernoulli again Lee's law applies to the air outlet: When the static pressure of each section in the pipe or the static pressure P s near each air outlet of the pipe is equal, the velocity u j of each air outlet is the same. Therefore, the initial design is based on the law of conservation of mass and Bernoulli's law, so that the velocity of each section of the pipeline is u duct and the velocity of each air outlet is u j = Q duct /A j,total , so that the initial design of each section of the pipeline can be determined cross-sectional area.
一段同一截面積的管道安排一個出風口是較適當的。若管道太長或出風口太多,可以數個出風口安排在一段同一截面積的管道;但如此安排時,在同一段同一截面積的管道數個出風口中,較上游出風口的出氣速度會較下游出風口的出氣速度低。 It is more appropriate to arrange an air outlet for a section of pipeline with the same cross-sectional area. If the pipe is too long or there are too many air outlets, several air outlets can be arranged in a pipe with the same cross-sectional area; It will be lower than the air outlet velocity of the downstream air outlet.
再者,由於真實流體必有黏滯性,流經管道內各段必有壓損,所以必須修正。以CFD計算流場分佈,視流場計算結果調整各段管道截面積A duct,i ,以使各出風口速度u j均勻。通常使用初始截面積A duct,i 所計算得到的流場分佈,在管道上、中游的出風口已具有一個程度的均勻度,但下游數個出風口的噴流速度比上、中游的出風口速度小。若再經調整A duct,i (同時縮小上游的A duct,i 與增大中下游的A duct,i ),即可提高整條管道出風口的均勻度。 Furthermore, due to the fact that the real fluid must be viscous, there must be pressure loss in each section of the pipeline, so it must be corrected. The flow field distribution is calculated by CFD, and the cross-sectional area A duct, i of each section of the duct is adjusted according to the calculation result of the flow field to make the velocity u j of each air outlet uniform. Usually, the flow field distribution calculated by using the initial cross-sectional area A duct, i has a certain degree of uniformity at the air outlets in the upper and middle reaches of the pipe, but the jet velocity of several downstream air outlets is higher than that of the upper and middle air outlets. Small. If A duct, i is adjusted again (simultaneously reducing the upstream A duct, i and increasing the mid-downstream A duct, i ), the uniformity of the air outlet of the entire pipeline can be improved.
若數個出風口安排在一段同一截面積的管道,則同一段同一截面積的管道數個出風口中,較上游出風口的出氣速度會較下游出風口的出氣速度低。欲矯正此問題,可將該段同一截面積的管道改為往下游逐漸縮小。另,使用某一個Q duct值,依[方法(A)]設計完成管道與出風口配置與幾何,得到滿意的出風口速度均勻度之後,若於一個範圍內改變Q duct值,則出風口速度不均勻度只會些微改變。例如:以下之案例A,在原來之Q duct值的0.4~5倍之內,不均勻度的變化大致可以忽略。 If several air outlets are arranged in a pipe with the same cross-sectional area, then among the several air outlets in the same pipe with the same cross-sectional area, the air outlet velocity of the upstream air outlet will be lower than that of the downstream air outlet. To correct this problem, the pipeline with the same cross-sectional area can be changed to gradually shrink downstream. In addition, using a certain value of Q duct , according to [method (A)] to design the configuration and geometry of the duct and air outlet, and obtain a satisfactory uniformity of the air outlet velocity, if the value of Q duct is changed within a certain range, the air outlet velocity The unevenness will only change slightly. For example: in case A below, within 0.4~5 times of the original Q duct value, the change of unevenness can be ignored.
管道出風口各自最大速度u jm,i 之不均勻度η t定義: The definition of the unevenness η t of the respective maximum velocity u jm, i of the air outlet of the duct:
u jm,i :出風口各自的最大速度 u jm, i : the respective maximum speeds of the air outlets
u jm,ave:所有出風口最大速度的平均值 u jm,ave : the average value of the maximum speed of all air outlets
管道出風口各自流量Q j,i 之不均勻度η t定義: The definition of the unevenness η t of the respective flow Q j, i of the air outlet of the duct:
Q j,i :出風口各自的流量 Q j, i : the respective flow rates of the air outlets
Q j,ave:所有出風口的平均流量 Q j,ave : average flow of all air outlets
例如:18m管道(共9個出風口,以Q duct=5.4m3/s)改良設計後,若改變流量但維持同設計時,不均勻度η t,u 的變化不大,如下二表所示。 For example: After improving the design of a 18m duct (9 air outlets in total, with Q duct =5.4m 3 /s), if the flow rate is changed but the same design is maintained, the unevenness η t, u will not change much, as shown in the following two tables Show.
1.增大A duct,i 可以增加出風口最大速度u jm,i ;減小A duct,i 可以降低出風口最大速度u jm,i 。 1. Increasing A duct, i can increase the maximum velocity u jm, i of the air outlet; decreasing A duct, i can reduce the maximum velocity u jm, i of the air outlet.
2.比較各出風口最大速度u jm,i 與所有出風口最大速度平均值u jm,ave,若u jm,i <u jm,ave→增加A duct,i ;若u jm,i >u jm,ave→減小A duct,i 。來回調整,直到獲得可接受的速度分佈。 2. Compare the maximum velocity u jm, i of each air outlet with the average maximum velocity u jm,ave of all air outlets, if u jm, i < u jm,ave → increase A duct, i ; if u jm, i > u jm ,ave → reduce A duct, i . Adjust back and forth until you get an acceptable velocity distribution.
案例A:一出氣管道原始設計如圖16之列表,原始管道管內與出風口外速度場經CFD分析後,各出氣口出氣速度極不均勻。請以方法(A)設計增加各出氣口出氣速度均勻度。 Case A: The original design of an air outlet duct is shown in Figure 16. After CFD analysis of the velocity fields inside the original duct and outside the air outlet, the air outlet velocities at each outlet are extremely uneven. Please design method (A) to increase the uniformity of the air outlet velocity of each air outlet.
調整設計過程如下: Adjust the design process as follows:
1.Lduct=18m,分成9段,每段1個出風口。 1.Lduct=18m, divided into 9 sections, each section has 1 air outlet.
2.經過4次調整設計之後,管道內部與出風口外部速度場如圖17所示,各出風口速度分佈較均勻;管道內部靜壓分佈如圖18所示,出風口上方區域靜壓較均勻。 2. After 4 times of adjusting the design, the velocity field inside the pipe and outside the air outlet is shown in Figure 17, and the velocity distribution of each air outlet is relatively uniform; the static pressure distribution inside the pipe is shown in Figure 18, and the static pressure in the area above the air outlet is relatively uniform .
3.圖19、圖20為調整過程統計表,其中,圖19為各出風口最大風速u jm,i 統計表,依據「質量守恆」與「柏努利定律」的初始設計,已經大幅改善了「直管」的「各出風口速度嚴重不均勻」問題,但出風口速度的分佈變成:上游的出風口速度比下游的大、管末數個出風口速度變成太小。而在接續根據初始設計來回調整管道尺寸(上游管道減小尺寸、中下游管道增加尺寸),即可以有效修正初始設計的瑕疵,其比較η t,u0=40.0%。 3. Figure 19 and Figure 20 are the statistical tables of the adjustment process. Among them, Figure 19 is the statistical table of the maximum wind speed u jm, i of each air outlet. According to the initial design of "mass conservation" and "Bernoulli's law", it has been greatly improved "Straight pipe" has the problem of "seriously uneven speed at each air outlet", but the distribution of air outlet speed becomes: the speed of the upstream air outlet is higher than that of the downstream, and the speed of several air outlets at the end of the pipe becomes too small. And then adjust the pipeline size back and forth according to the initial design (reducing the size of the upstream pipeline, increasing the size of the middle and downstream pipeline), that can effectively correct the flaws of the initial design, the comparison η t, u 0 =40.0%.
4.圖20為各出風口流量Q j,i 統計表,其中,u jm,i 與Q j,i 的均勻度可能不能兼顧,最好是在設計前依據實際需求,選定以u jm,i 或者Q jm,i 作為均勻度的判斷標準,進行調整各截管道截面積的設計程序,其比較η t,Q0=61.4%。 4. Figure 20 is a statistical table of the flow Q j, i of each air outlet. Among them, the uniformity of u jm, i and Q j, i may not be taken into account. It is best to select u jm, i according to actual needs before design. Or Q jm, i is used as the judgment standard of uniformity, and the design program for adjusting the cross-sectional area of each section of the pipeline is carried out, and the comparison η t, Q 0 =61.4%.
5.圖21為出風口最大風速總體不均勻度η t改善百分比。 5. Figure 21 is the improvement percentage of the maximum wind speed overall unevenness η t at the air outlet.
6.圖22為管道各段截面積A duct,i 統計表,其中,A duct,1~A duct,3比初始設計A duct,i (#0)小;而A duct,4~A duct,9比初始設計A duct,i (#0)大。 6. Figure 22 is a statistical table of the cross-sectional area A duct, i of each section of the pipeline, wherein, A duct,1 ~ A duct,3 is smaller than the initial design A duct, i (#0); and A duct,4 ~ A duct, 9 is larger than the initial design A duct, i (#0).
7.圖23~圖25為管道設計參數整理表。其中,圖23為原始管道設計參數,圖24為調整後之管道設計參數,而圖25為出風口調整器之設計參數。 7. Figures 23 to 25 are the pipeline design parameters sorting table. Among them, Figure 23 shows the original pipeline design parameters, Figure 24 shows the adjusted pipeline design parameters, and Figure 25 shows the design parameters of the air outlet regulator.
如圖26、圖27所示,其為方法(B)管道截面積A duct與出風口總截面積A j,total比例法之管道設計流程圖。如圖28所示,對於已經選取的L duct,藉由調整管道幾何(W duct、H duct)、流量Q duct、數目N duct以及出風口幾何(d j、w j、s j)、數目N j,可以改變管道內靜壓分佈分佈的型態[從管道底層(出風口邊)往上層變化(出風口對向)],因而改善各出風口噴流速度均勻度。其中,影響管道各出風口噴流速度均勻度的參數表列如下: As shown in Figure 26 and Figure 27, it is the pipeline design flow chart of the method (B) ratio of the duct cross-sectional area A duct to the total cross-sectional area of the air outlet A j,total . As shown in Figure 28, for the selected L duct , by adjusting the duct geometry ( W duct , H duct ), the flow rate Q duct , the number N duct and the air outlet geometry ( d j , w j , s j ), the number N j , can change the static pressure distribution pattern in the pipeline [change from the bottom layer of the pipeline (air outlet side) to the upper layer (air outlet opposite)], thus improving the uniformity of the jet velocity of each air outlet. Among them, the parameters that affect the uniformity of jet flow velocity at each air outlet of the pipeline are listed as follows:
從[步驟A]獲得Q total後,依據廠房尺寸決定L duct,並設定初步的N duct。接著考慮以下的參數調整: After obtaining Q total from [Step A], determine L duct according to the plant size, and set a preliminary N duct . Then consider the following parameter adjustments:
1.令u duct /u j 1.2(亦即:A duct /A j,total 1.2),一般可獲得可接受的均勻度。A duct /A j,total愈大,均勻度愈高;A duct /A j,total 1.6之後,各出風口速度均勻度通常頗高。 1. Let u duct /u j 1.2 (ie: A duct /A j,total 1.2), generally acceptable uniformity can be obtained. The larger the A duct /A j,total , the higher the uniformity; A duct /A j,total After 1.6, the velocity uniformity of each air outlet is usually quite high.
2.A duct /A j,total的臨界值與管長L duct、出風口尺寸(d j,w j)、流量Q duct有相關性。一般的規律是: 2. The critical value of A duct /A j,total is related to pipe length L duct , air outlet size ( d j , w j ), and flow Q duct . The general rule is:
<1>管長L duct越短→臨界A duct /A j,total較小。 <1> The shorter the tube length L duct → the smaller the critical A duct /A j,total .
<2>出風口寬度w j越小→不均勻度η t愈小。 <2>The smaller the outlet width w j → the smaller the unevenness η t .
<3>出風口長度d j越小→不均勻度η t愈小。 <3> The smaller the length d j of the air outlet → the smaller the unevenness η t .
<4>流量Q duct越小→臨界A duct /A j,total較小。 <4> The smaller the flow rate Q duct → the smaller the critical A duct /A j,total .
3.使用某一個Q duct值,依[方法(B)]設計完成管道與出風口配置與幾何,得到滿意的出風口速度均勻度之後,若欲改變Q duct值,則出風口速度不均勻度只會些微變,可以忽略。 3. Using a certain Q duct value, design the configuration and geometry of the duct and air outlet according to [Method (B)], and obtain satisfactory air outlet velocity uniformity. If you want to change the Q duct value, the air outlet velocity unevenness It will only change slightly and can be ignored.
4.出風口軸向長度d j、橫向寬度w j、相鄰出風口間距s j /d j、管長L duct固定時,若管道截面積A duct(亦即:H duct×W duct)愈大、流量Q duct(亦即:u duct)愈小,N duct愈大,亦即:管道內風速u duct愈小,各出風口速度愈容易均勻。 4. When the axial length d j of the air outlet, the lateral width w j , the distance between adjacent air outlets s j /d j , and the pipe length L duct are fixed, if the duct cross-sectional area A duct (that is: H duct × W duct ) is larger , The smaller the flow Q duct (that is: u duct ), the larger the N duct is, that is, the smaller the wind speed u duct in the duct, the easier it is for each air outlet to have a uniform velocity.
5.在管道高H duct、寬W duct以及單一管道流量Q duct、管長L duct固定下,若出風口面積A j(=d j×w j)愈小、出風口數目N j愈少,各出風口速度愈容易均勻。 5. When the duct height H duct , width W duct , single duct flow rate Q duct , and duct length L duct are fixed, if the air outlet area A j (= d j × w j ) is smaller and the number of air outlets N j is smaller, each The air outlet speed is easier to be uniform.
使用[方法(B)]時,可以得到頗高的各出風口均勻度,且因為壓力分佈形式改變,所以u jm,i 與Q jm,i (亦即:平均速度)的均勻度可以兼顧。但常會得到過大的管道截面尺寸,製作與安裝有時不方便。而若經多次調整管道尺寸(W duct、H duct)、N duct或出風口幾何(d j、w j、s j)、N s,結果仍然不盡理想[例如:(W duct、H duct)太大、(d j、w j、s j)太小],則採取較可接受的CFD設計,再於管道製作完成初步送風時,使用出風口風門或阻尼柵的機械控制方法以調整管道各出風口速度均勻度。 When using [method (B)], a high uniformity of each air outlet can be obtained, and because the pressure distribution changes, the uniformity of u jm, i and Q jm, i (that is, the average velocity) can be taken into account. However, excessive cross-sectional dimensions of pipes are often obtained, and sometimes it is inconvenient to manufacture and install. However, if the pipe size ( W duct , H duct ), N duct or air outlet geometry ( d j , w j , s j ), N s is adjusted many times, the result is still not ideal [for example: ( W duct , H duct ) is too large, ( d j , w j , s j ) is too small], adopt a more acceptable CFD design, and then use the mechanical control method of the air outlet damper or damping grid to adjust the duct Uniformity of velocity at each air outlet.
實務上,調整管道各出風口風門或阻尼柵的方法係自管道最下游(管末)的出風口開始調整,先將最下游出風口的風速調整至u j,再往上游依序調整各出風口的風速至u j,直至最上游的出風口;再回至最下游出風口,微調至u j,繼續往上游依序調整各出風口的風速至u j。如此輪迴調整數次,即可使各出風口風速接近均勻。 In practice, the method of adjusting the dampers or damping grids of each air outlet of the pipeline is to start from the most downstream (pipe end) air outlet of the pipeline. The wind speed at the tuyere is up to u j until the most upstream air outlet; then return to the most downstream air outlet, fine-tune to u j , and continue to adjust the wind speed of each air outlet to u j in sequence upstream. Such a round-robin adjustment for an integer number of times can make the wind speed of each air outlet close to uniform.
案例A:管道設計如圖29所列,其中之原始管道管內與出風口外速度場經CFD分析後,各出氣口出氣速度極不均勻。請以方法(B)管道截面積A duct與出風口總截面積A j,total比例法設計以增加各出氣口出氣速度均勻度。 Case A: The pipeline design is shown in Figure 29. After CFD analysis of the velocity field inside the original pipeline and outside the air outlet, the air outlet velocity of each outlet is extremely uneven. Please design according to the method (B) ratio of duct cross-sectional area A duct to the total cross-sectional area of air outlet A j,total to increase the uniformity of air outlet velocity at each air outlet.
而經設計之後,其調整過程統計表如圖30、圖31所示,其中, 圖30為各出風口最大風速u jm,i 統計表,原始管道(#0)之管道截面積A duct與出風口總截面積A j,total比例過小(A duct /A j,total=0.3)出風口速度均勻度低。而在調整之後,隨著管道H duct提高管道截面積A duct與出風口總截面積A j,total比例亦同時提高(A duct /A j,total),出風口速度均勻度也提高。而圖31為各出風口流量Q j,i 統計表,其在調整之後,可以得到頗高的各出風口均勻度,且因為壓力分佈形式改變,所以u jm,i 與Q jm,i (亦即:平均速度)的均勻度可以兼顧。 After the design, the statistical table of the adjustment process is shown in Figure 30 and Figure 31, wherein, Figure 30 is the statistical table of the maximum wind speed u jm, i of each air outlet, the pipe cross-sectional area A duct of the original pipe (#0) and the outlet The ratio of the total cross-sectional area A j,total of the tuyere is too small ( A duct /A j,total =0.3) and the velocity uniformity of the air outlet is low. After the adjustment, as the duct Hduct increases, the ratio of the duct cross-sectional area A duct to the total cross-sectional area A j,total of the air outlet also increases ( A duct /A j,total ), and the uniformity of the air outlet velocity also increases. And Fig. 31 is the statistical table of flow Q j, i of each air outlet, after it is adjusted, it can get quite high uniformity of each air outlet, and because the pressure distribution form changes, so u jm, i and Q jm, i (also That is: the uniformity of the average speed) can be taken into account.
圖32為H duct=2.0m調整設計之後的管道內部與出風口外部速度場,顯示各出風口風速均勻度高。圖33為H duct=2.0m調整設計之後的管道內部靜壓分佈,顯示靜壓分層分布[從管道底層(出風口邊)往上層變化(出風口對向)]。而圖34為調整設計前、後之出風口總體不均勻度η t改善百分比,顯示在調整設計之後之出風口總體均勻度大幅提升。 Figure 32 shows the velocity field inside the duct and outside the air outlet after the H duct = 2.0m adjustment design, showing that the wind speed uniformity of each air outlet is high. Figure 33 shows the static pressure distribution inside the duct after H duct = 2.0m and the adjusted design, showing the static pressure stratified distribution [from the bottom layer of the duct (air outlet side) to the upper layer (air outlet opposite)]. Figure 34 shows the improvement percentage of the overall unevenness η t of the air outlet before and after the design adjustment, showing that the overall uniformity of the air outlet after the design adjustment is greatly improved.
步驟D為廠房管道位置配置設計步驟,其設計流程圖如圖35所示。廠房管道位置設計目的在於:完成步驟A、B、C之後,已經獲得需求總風量Q total、窗戶總面積A win、單支管道風量Q duct、管道數目N duct、管道幾何尺寸(L duct,W duct,H duct)、出風口長d j、寬w j、間距比s j/d j、出風口數量N j、管道安裝最小高度h。步驟D必需調整管道安裝水平位置、高度與窗戶配置/高度。由於管道安裝水平位置、高度與窗戶配置/高度會影響廠房內的氣流流動型態,連帶影響溫度、濃度的分布。若未經適當設計,廠房內的速度、溫度、濃度分布可能極不均勻。此步驟以CFD計算並調整廠房內流場、溫度場、濃度場,使廠房內的風速、溫度、濃度達到要求的分布與數值。 Step D is the design step of the pipeline location configuration in the factory building, and its design flow chart is shown in Figure 35. The purpose of designing the location of the pipes in the workshop is: after completing steps A, B, and C, the total required air volume Q total , the total window area A win , the air volume of a single pipe Q duct , the number of pipes N duct , and the geometric dimensions of the pipes ( L duct , W duct , H duct ), air outlet length d j , width w j , spacing ratio s j / d j , number of air outlets N j , minimum height h of duct installation. Step D necessitates adjustments to piping installation levels, heights and window configurations/heights. The horizontal position and height of the pipe installation and the configuration/height of the windows will affect the airflow pattern in the factory building, which will also affect the distribution of temperature and concentration. If not properly designed, the velocity, temperature, and concentration distribution in the plant can be extremely uneven. In this step, CFD is used to calculate and adjust the flow field, temperature field, and concentration field in the plant, so that the wind speed, temperature, and concentration in the plant can reach the required distribution and value.
廠房管道配置設計原則如下: The design principles of plant piping configuration are as follows:
1.管道下緣加裝隔板,可使作業區的流場、溫度場、濃度場比未加隔板的 狀況改善許多。 1. The lower edge of the pipeline is equipped with partitions, which can make the flow field, temperature field and concentration field in the working area better than those without partitions The situation has improved a lot.
2.將管道集中分布於廠房一側的配置方法會使廠房內產生大迴流泡,與管道平均分布於廠房或集中分布於中央區域作業相較,作業區氣流有較高的平均速度,但會有較高、較不均勻的汙染物濃度分布。 2. The configuration method of centrally distributing the pipelines on one side of the factory building will cause large backflow bubbles in the factory building. Compared with the pipelines evenly distributed in the factory building or concentrated in the central area, the airflow in the working area has a higher average velocity, but will There are higher and less uniform pollutant concentration distributions.
3.將管道平均分布於廠房或集中分布於中央區域會使廠房內產生許多小迴流泡,與集中分布於廠房一側相較,作業區氣流有稍低的平均速度,但會有較低、較均勻的汙染物平均濃度。 3. Evenly distributing the pipes in the factory building or concentrating them in the central area will cause many small backflow bubbles in the factory building. Compared with the concentrated distribution on the side of the factory building, the airflow in the working area has a slightly lower average velocity, but there will be lower, A more uniform average concentration of pollutants.
4.將管道平均分布於廠房的配置方法與將管道集中分布於廠房一側或中央區域的配置方法所得到的作業區平均溫度相似,但將管道平均分布於廠房與集中分布於中央區域的配置方法比集中分布於廠房一側的作業區溫度場稍微均勻。 4. The configuration method of distributing the pipelines evenly in the factory building is similar to the configuration method of distributing the pipelines concentratedly on one side of the factory building or in the central area. The method is slightly more uniform than the temperature field in the working area concentrated on one side of the factory building.
5.比較作業區的流場、溫度場、濃度場分布與數值,管道分布方式的優劣次序是: 5. Comparing the flow field, temperature field, and concentration field distribution and values in the operation area, the order of pipeline distribution is as follows:
<1>集中分布於中央區域。 <1> Concentrate on the central area.
<2>平均分布於廠房。 <2> Evenly distributed in the workshop.
<3>集中分布於廠房一側。 <3> Centrally distributed on one side of the factory building.
6.降低發熱源附近管道出風溫度可使工作區平均溫度降低,亦可降低發熱機台的溫度。 6. Reducing the outlet air temperature of the pipeline near the heat source can reduce the average temperature of the working area and also reduce the temperature of the heating machine.
7.管道與窗戶的相對方位配置會影響流場、溫度場、濃度場的型態。「窗戶裝設牆面與管道軸向垂直」與「窗戶裝設牆面與管道軸向平行」的作業區平均速度、溫度、濃度均與整體參數設計的理論值相近;但是「窗戶裝設牆面與管道軸向垂直」的局部濃度場與溫度場分布比「窗戶裝設牆 面與管道軸向平行」好。 7. The relative orientation configuration of pipes and windows will affect the flow field, temperature field and concentration field. The average velocity, temperature, and concentration of the working area of "the window installation wall is perpendicular to the pipeline axis" and "the window installation wall is parallel to the pipeline axis" are close to the theoretical values of the overall parameter design; but the "window installation wall The local concentration field and temperature field distribution ratio of the surface perpendicular to the axial direction of the pipe It is better if the surface is parallel to the axial direction of the pipe.
8.窗戶高度若從牆面下方調整至上方,則作業區的流場、溫度場、濃度場均會稍微劣化(差異不大)。 8. If the height of the window is adjusted from the bottom to the top of the wall, the flow field, temperature field, and concentration field in the work area will be slightly deteriorated (not much difference).
9.設計時,相鄰窗戶之間隙盡量小。 9. When designing, the gap between adjacent windows should be as small as possible.
廠房管道位置配置設計例:一座製造塑膠袋的廠房,(長L×寬W×高H)=(15m,12m,15m)。有4部發熱機台(總發熱量q=5kW),須保持低粉塵狀態以免沾黏在塑膠袋上。希望廠房內溫度與外氣溫度差△T<0.5℃,以維持產品的品質。 Design example of factory building pipeline location configuration: a factory building for manufacturing plastic bags, (length L × width W × height H )=(15m, 12m, 15m). There are 4 heating machines (total heat generation q =5kW), which must be kept in a low-dust state to avoid sticking to the plastic bag. It is hoped that the difference between the temperature inside the factory building and the outside air temperature △ T < 0.5 ℃, in order to maintain the quality of the product.
其中,以稀釋增壓法的[步驟A、B、C設計方法獲得: Wherein, obtain with [step A, B, C design method of dilution pressurization method:
步驟A:(Q duct、A win、V win、△P win)=(1536CMM、6m2、4.27m/s、5.31Pa);窗戶12個,每個(寬0.625m×高0.8m)。 Step A: ( Q duct , A win , V win , △ P win )=(1536CMM, 6m 2 , 4.27m/s, 5.31Pa); 12 windows, each (0.625m wide x 0.8m high).
步驟B:風管數目N duct=4、每支風管流量Q duct=384CMM、風管安裝最小高度h=7m、出風口長d j=0.3m、寬w j=0.5m、間距比s j/d j=4.46、出風口數量N j=9、出風口平均風速u j=4.74m/s。 Step B: The number of air ducts N duct =4, the flow rate of each air duct Q duct =384CMM, the minimum installation height of the air duct h =7m, the length of the air outlet d j =0.3m, the width w j =0.5m, and the spacing ratio s j / d j =4.46, the number of air outlets N j =9, and the average wind speed u j =4.74m/s at the air outlets.
步驟C之方法A:管道截面積A duct從上游至下游漸縮法設計,使各出風口最大速度不均勻3.4%;各出風口出風量不均勻11.8%。 Method A of step C: The cross-sectional area of the duct is tapered from upstream to downstream, so that the maximum speed of each air outlet is uneven by 3.4%; the air volume of each air outlet is uneven by 11.8%.
追蹤氣體釋放方式: To track gas release patterns:
1.追蹤氣體:如圖36所示,計算濃度場時,在作業區內(z 3m),平均配置105個格點(x方向5排,y方向7排,z方向3排),每個格點產生2.85mg/s的一氧化碳(CO)作為追蹤氣體,共m p=300mg/s。 1. Tracking gas: As shown in Figure 36, when calculating the concentration field, in the working area ( z 3m), with an average of 105 grid points (5 rows in the x direction, 7 rows in the y direction, and 3 rows in the z direction), each grid point produces 2.85mg/s of carbon monoxide (CO) as a tracer gas, with a total of m p =300mg/ s.
2.供應空氣:Q total=1536CMM=25.6m3/s, 2. Supply air: Q total =1536CMM=25.6m 3 /s,
P=101325Pa,T=29℃,ρ=1.159kg/m3, P =101325Pa, T =29℃, ρ =1.159kg/m 3 ,
rH=55% rH =55%
→m=Q total×ρ=29.67kg/s, → m = Q total × ρ =29.67kg/s,
3.預期平均質量濃度f p估算: 3. Estimation of expected average mass concentration f p :
依據[步驟A]廠房整體參數設計的公式 According to [Step A] the formula for the overall parameter design of the plant
f p=m p /(m+m p) f p = m p / ( m + m p )
→f CO=10.111ppm → f CO =10.111ppm
請同時參閱圖1、圖2所示,此案例之窗戶在第一側牆12與第二側牆14之牆面上、無隔板,且改變管道水平位置安排,此案例之廠房1設計參數表如圖37、圖38所示,而管道17配置方式(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)則如圖39所示。基於上述實施例之結構,本創作以上述參數進行模擬測試,並以Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)的電腦程式分析計算結果,廠房作業區速度、溫度、濃度、壓力統計表如圖40所示。
Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 at the same time. In this case, the windows are on the walls of the
請同時參閱圖41、圖42所示,其為具有隔板19之另一案例。其中,屋頂11下方具有複數個間隔並列之隔板19,隔板19與管道17位於同一高度之水平位置上,且隔板19為具有高隔熱係數之平板型天花板,藉以阻絕屋頂11所向下散發的幅射熱。其廠房設計參數表如圖43、圖44所示,而管道配置方式(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)與前案例相同。
Please refer to Fig. 41 and Fig. 42 at the same time, which is another case with a
經以CFD電腦程式分析計算結果,在側視立面y=3m之截面中,其速度向量與流線分佈圖係如圖45所示;溫度場分佈圖係如圖46所示;濃度場分佈圖係如圖47所示。在端視立面x=3m之截面中,其速度向量與流線分佈圖係如圖48所示;溫度場分佈圖係如圖49所示;濃度場分佈圖係如圖50所示。而在俯視水平面z=1.8m之截面中,其速度向量與流線分佈圖係
如圖51所示;溫度場分佈圖係如圖52所示;濃度場分佈圖係如圖53所示。經檢測結果,本案例之廠房作業區速度、溫度、濃度、壓力統計表如圖54所示。其中箭頭代表速度向量,沿著速度向量切線方向的黑色區線代表流線;彩色部分代表溫度的高低,屋頂指定一個溫度60℃,紅色為最高溫(屋頂內側溫度指定為60℃),依次為棕、黃、淺綠、艷綠、淺藍至深藍(深藍色的溫度為大氣的溫度,指定為29℃)。另,如圖55~圖58所示,則是為無隔板19與具有隔板19之二個案例,在平均速度、溫度、濃度與壓力各方面,分別與原始廠房之比較圖,顯示無論是無隔板19或是具有隔板19,其在平均速度、溫度、濃度與壓力各方面皆優於原始廠房。
After analyzing and calculating the results with the CFD computer program, in the cross-section of the side view elevation y=3m, the velocity vector and streamline distribution diagram are shown in Figure 45; the temperature field distribution diagram is shown in Figure 46; the concentration field distribution The graph system is shown in Figure 47. In the cross-section of the end-view elevation x=3m, its velocity vector and streamline distribution diagram are shown in Figure 48; the temperature field distribution diagram is shown in Figure 49; the concentration field distribution diagram is shown in Figure 50. And in the cross-section of the horizontal plane z=1.8m, its velocity vector and streamline distribution map system
As shown in Figure 51; the temperature field distribution map is shown in Figure 52; the concentration field distribution map is shown in Figure 53. After the test results, the speed, temperature, concentration, and pressure statistics of the plant operation area in this case are shown in Figure 54. Among them, the arrow represents the velocity vector, and the black area line along the tangent direction of the velocity vector represents the streamline; the colored part represents the temperature level, the roof specifies a temperature of 60°C, and red is the highest temperature (the temperature inside the roof is specified as 60°C), followed by Brown, yellow, light green, bright green, light blue to dark blue (the temperature of dark blue is the temperature of the atmosphere, designated as 29 ℃). In addition, as shown in Figures 55 to 58, they are two cases without a
綜上所述,依上文所揭示之內容,本創作確可達到預期之目的,提供一種可以使廠房內達到正壓效果,讓廠房內的壓力比廠房外的大氣壓力高,而可有效阻擋粉塵飄入廠房,又可降低廠房內的溫度,甚至污染物濃度之廠房通風散熱方法,極具產業上利用之價值,爰依法提出發明專利申請。 To sum up, according to the content disclosed above, this creation can indeed achieve the expected purpose, providing a positive pressure effect in the factory building, so that the pressure inside the factory building is higher than the atmospheric pressure outside the factory building, and can effectively block Dust floats into the factory building, which can reduce the temperature in the factory building, and even reduce the concentration of pollutants. The method of ventilation and heat dissipation in the factory building is of great value for industrial use. I have filed an application for an invention patent according to the law.
1:廠房 1: plant
11:屋頂 11: Roof
12:第一側牆 12: First side wall
13:第三側牆 13: Third side wall
14:第二側牆 14: Second side wall
15:第四側牆 15: Fourth side wall
16:室內空間 16: Interior space
17:管道 17: pipeline
170:區段 170: section
171:出風口 171: Air outlet
18:窗戶 18: windows
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