TW202310822A - Skin cleansing article including water-dispersible and/or water-soluble core substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

A skin cleansing article configured to deliver cosmetics or dermal therapies to a user's skin and a method of making the same are provided. For example, the skin cleansing article includes a core substrate comprising a resin. The core substrate has a first region containing a first active cleansing formulation and a second region containing a second active cleansing formulation. The skin cleansing article is substantially dry or solid and is water-dispersible or water-soluble. When the water-soluble core substrate is contacted with water having a temperature greater than 10 DEG C for a period of time, the core substrate is dispersible or soluble according to Testing Method MSTM-205 to release the first active cleansing formulation and/or the second active cleansing formulation.

Description

Skin cleansing articles comprising a water-dispersible and/or water-soluble core substrate

The present invention generally relates to water-dispersible and/or water-soluble skin cleansing articles comprising a water-dispersible or water-soluble core structure. More particularly, the present invention relates to water-dispersible and/or water-soluble skin cleansing articles comprising water-dispersible and/or water-soluble substrates, such as nonwovens, configured to contain active cleansing formulations.

Masks are typically placed on the user's face to apply active skin care agents. Conventional facial masks made of paper-based substrates are often uncomfortable to the touch and, due to the rigid or inflexible construction of the mask, cannot closely contact the user's face to maintain contact between the active skin care agent and the user's skin. In addition, as conventional masks become wet during use, such conventional masks may lose the moisture necessary to maintain proper positioning of the mask on the user's face and proper delivery of active skin care agents to the intended areas of the user's face. structure and integrity. As a result, active skin care agents can migrate or migrate from the mask to the user's eyes, nose and/or mouth, resulting in unpleasant or undesirable effects, such as caustic or acidic ingredients that may flow into the user's eyes, nose and/or mouth , causing skin and/or membrane irritation and/or pain.

In addition, conventional facial masks are many times stored in individual secondary packaging made of plastic, foil or composite materials that requires keeping the mask dry during shipping and/or storage. A moisture barrier, such as a moisture barrier film, coupled to the surface of the mask or surrounding the mask may also be desirable to maintain the structure and integrity of the mask and the moisture content of the mask prior to use. This secondary packaging is typically not environmentally friendly, compostable, recyclable, or biodegradable.

Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a skin cleansing article having a construction that can be easily manufactured and maintains its structure and integrity to maintain a mask properly positioned on the user's face with one or more regions of the mask in contact with the user's face. Align the corresponding parts. Additionally, there is a need in the art for a mask containing a skin cleansing formulation that is easy to apply to and remove from the user's face. Furthermore, there is a need in the art for a mask that significantly reduces the need for secondary packaging during shipping and storage prior to use.

Cross References to Related Applications

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/185,725, filed May 7, 2021, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

In example embodiments described herein, water-dispersible and/or water-soluble skin cleansing articles comprise one or more water-dispersible substrates and/or one or more water-soluble core substrates, such as one or more water Dispersible non-woven substrates and/or one or more water-soluble non-woven substrates with precise dosing to deliver active cleaning formulations, such as one or more cleansers, for applying cosmetics and and/or one or more dermal therapies delivered to the user's skin. In an example embodiment, a water soluble skin cleansing article comprises a water soluble core substrate comprising a water soluble resin. The water soluble core substrate has one or more regions or zones configured to contain one or more active cleansing formulations, such as cosmetic or dermotherapy formulations. For example, a water soluble core substrate can have a first region containing a first active cleaning formulation and a second region containing a second active cleaning formulation that is the same or different than the first active cleaning formulation. When the water-soluble core substrate is contacted with water at a temperature above 10°C or at a temperature between 30°C and 40°C for a period of 30 seconds to 300 seconds (or 30 seconds to 600 seconds or 30 seconds to 900 seconds), The water-soluble core substrate is soluble to release at least one of the one or more active cleaning formulations, such as at least one of the first active cleaning formulation or the second active cleaning formulation. In example embodiments, the water-dispersible core matrix is cold-water-dispersible or the water-soluble core matrix is cold-water-soluble and tends to close the skin pores, which can be beneficial, for example, in optimizing the skin pores and skin during exfoliation procedures. surface. Alternatively, a water-dispersible core substrate is warm water-dispersible or a water-soluble substrate is warm water-soluble and tends to open the pores of the skin, which can facilitate the delivery of active cleansing formulations to, for example, during acne treatment procedures. pores and skin. In example embodiments, the water-dispersible skin cleansing articles are initially dry, that is, dry during storage and prior to use. In an example embodiment, the nonwoven substrate transforms into a hydrogel when the water-dispersible core substrate is contacted with water at a desired temperature for a suitable amount of time, such as for 300 seconds. In certain example embodiments, a film layer is formed when the water-soluble core substrate dissolves to facilitate removal of any residual components of the water-soluble skin cleansing article after use. In certain embodiments, a water-dispersible or water-soluble skin cleansing article comprises a film layer, such as a water-dispersible or water-soluble film, coupled to a water-dispersible or water-soluble core substrate. The water-dispersible or water-soluble film can contain additional active cleansing formulations that are delivered to the skin of the user and/or can be used to facilitate removal of any residual components of the water-dispersible or water-soluble skin cleansing article after use.

In example embodiments, the skin cleansing article is configured to be at least water-dispersible or water-soluble after being in contact with water for a period of time. A water-dispersible or water-soluble skin cleansing article as described herein is initially provided in a substantially dry form or in a solid state, and water is added or applied to activate the skin cleansing article before or during use. The skin cleansing article in substantially dry form or in a substantially solid state may be free of moisture or solvents, or contain less than 10% by weight, such as less than 5% by weight, of moisture or solvents prior to the addition or application of water. In example embodiments, the terms "substantially dry", "substantially solid", "dry" or "solid" may refer to an Skin cleansing items.

In example embodiments, the core substrate includes a resin (ie, a polymer), and may be water-dispersible or water-soluble. For example, the core substrate includes at least one non-woven substrate containing a plurality of fibers including a resin selected from at least one of water-dispersible resins or water-soluble resins. In addition to woven substrates, the substrates may also be foamed substrates or film substrates. The resin may be any suitable polymer or may comprise one or more such polymers. For example, in example embodiments, the resin is a polymer that includes vinyl alcohol moieties. "Polymers comprising vinyl alcohol moieties" or "PVOH polymers" include polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) homopolymers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) copolymers, or combinations thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer is a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol. Such polyvinyl alcohol copolymers may be anionically modified copolymers, which may be copolymers of vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol further comprising additional groups such as carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups, or combinations thereof. Such polymers comprising at least one of vinyl acetate moieties or vinyl alcohol moieties may also comprise additional polymers, for example in a blend. In example embodiments, the water-dispersible skin cleansing article is configured to deliver cosmetic or dermotherapy to the skin of a user. Water-dispersible skin cleansing articles comprise a water-dispersible core substrate comprising a water-dispersible resin. The water-dispersible core substrate comprises a first region containing a first active cleaning formulation and a second region containing a second active cleaning formulation, wherein when the water-dispersible core substrate is in contact with water having a first temperature, for example having The water-dispersible core substrate is activated to release the first active cleaning formulation and/or the second Two active cleansing formulations to deliver the first active cleansing formulation and/or the second active cleansing formulation to the skin of the user, and when the water-dispersible core substrate and the second active cleansing formulation having a temperature equal to or greater than the first When water at two temperatures, for example, water having a temperature equal to or greater than 40° C. is contacted for a period of 30 seconds to 300 seconds (or 30 seconds to 600 seconds or 30 seconds to 900 seconds), the water-dispersible core substrate according to MSTM-205 is dispersible.

In other example embodiments, water-soluble skin cleansing articles are configured to deliver cosmetic or dermal therapies to the skin of a user. Water soluble skin cleansing articles comprise a water soluble core substrate comprising a water soluble resin. The water-soluble core substrate comprises a first zone containing a first active cleaning formulation and a second zone containing a second active cleaning formulation, wherein when the water-soluble core substrate is mixed with water having a first temperature, for example a temperature of 10° C. The water-soluble core substrate is activated to release the first active cleaning formulation and/or the second active cleaning formulation from the water-soluble core substrate upon contact with water at a temperature of not more than 40° C. An active cleansing formulation and/or a second active cleansing formulation are delivered to the skin of a user, and when the water-soluble core substrate is mixed with water having a second temperature equal to or greater than the first temperature (e.g., having a temperature equal to or greater than 40° C. The water-soluble core substrate is soluble according to MSTM-205 when exposed to water at a temperature of 30 seconds to 300 seconds (or 30 seconds to 600 seconds or 30 seconds to 900 seconds).

Although water-dispersible or water-soluble skin cleansing articles are described herein as being in the form of a mask, they are configured to contain one or more active cleansing formulations in one or more regions or regions of the mask to deliver the active cleansing formulations ( For example, water dispersible or water soluble nonwoven substrates that deliver) to a desired location on the user's facial skin, such water dispersible or water soluble skin cleansing articles as described herein are suitable for use in other example embodiments Active cleansing formulations or other skin care formulations are delivered, for example, to other areas on the skin of the user's body. Additionally, the water-dispersible or water-soluble skin cleansing articles may be in forms other than masks, including but not limited to wipes, wafers, pads, pouches or strips.

In example embodiments, the water dispersible or water soluble skin cleansing article is a water dispersible or water soluble core substrate made from a suitable water dispersible or water soluble core substrate, such as a water dispersible or water soluble nonwoven substrate. or in water-soluble mask form. Before use, the water-dispersible or water-soluble nonwoven substrate is substantially flat but can be shaped to the contours of the user's body, for example, once wetted with water before or during use, can follow the contours of the user's facial skin surface take shape. The water dispersible or water soluble nonwoven substrate includes openings that align with the user's eyes, nose and mouth, respectively, to facilitate proper positioning of the mask on the user's face. In certain embodiments, a first active cleansing formulation, e.g., for treating wrinkles, is contained on or within a first region of a water-dispersible or water-soluble nonwoven substrate positioned relative to the eyes of a user , for example to contact the user's skin around the corresponding eye and/or corresponding under the eye. Similarly, a second region of the water-dispersible or water-soluble nonwoven substrate may be positioned relative to the user's forehead, for example, to contact the user's forehead and/or the user's skin on the bridge of the user's nose, and may contain a first Active cleansing formulations, eg to treat wrinkles, and/or secondary cleansing formulations, eg to treat acne. Additionally or alternatively, the third region of the water-dispersible or water-soluble nonwoven substrate may be positioned relative to one or both of the user's cheeks or the user's jaw, for example, to contact the area around the user's cheekbones and/or jaw The user's skin, and may contain a second active cleansing formulation, eg, to treat acne, and/or a different active cleansing formulation to provide an additional skin care formulation to the user's skin. In an example embodiment, each of the first zone, the second zone and the third zone forms at least a portion of the mask. In certain embodiments, one or more of the first, second, or third regions may be separated from other regions of the mask prior to or during use.

In example embodiments, the water-dispersible or water-soluble core matrix is present in a gel-like formulation during use to provide high hydration and pleasant softness due to its highly hygroscopic nature. In addition, the gel-like formulation effectively maintains the mask structure and its proper positioning on the user's face while maintaining the active cleansing formulation in place to contact the desired areas on the user's face during use. Additionally, in example embodiments where the water-soluble core substrate is made of PVOH resin, the chemistry of the water-soluble core substrate, and in particular the presence of PVOH, provides emolliency or benefits to the skin cleansing process.

In example embodiments, the water-soluble core substrate is soluble to release the active cleaning formulation when contacted with water at a temperature above 10°C or at a temperature between 30°C and 40°C. In example embodiments, the water-soluble core substrate comprises, for example, a water-soluble polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) copolymer and/or starch derivatives, or its combination with other highly biodegradable or compostable or recyclable blends of water-dispersible polymers.

In an example embodiment, the water soluble core substrate is a water soluble nonwoven substrate made of PVOH resin, such as PVOH polymer. During use, the water-soluble nonwoven substrate dissolves into a gel-like substrate that helps maintain the structure and integrity of the nonwoven substrate to maintain proper positioning of the mask on the user's face while providing Soft and pleasant touch. In an example embodiment, for example, the degree of hydrolysis of the PVOH copolymer and/or the stretching or pulling of the fibers can be adjusted to achieve expansion and absorption of the fibers to reinforce the gel-like substrate.

Water-Dispersible Skin Cleansing Articles, and more particularly in example embodiments, water-dispersible or water-soluble core substrates are configured to contain one or more active cleansing formulations to deliver cosmetic or dermotherapy to the skin of a user. For example, active cleansing formulations may include, but are not limited to, hyaluronic acid, aloe vera, chamomile extract, lactic acid, citric acid, hydrolyzed collagen, polysaccharides, peptides, surfactants such as those made from polysaccharides ) or blowing agent or any suitable combination thereof. Other suitable active cleansing formulations may include ceramides; glycolic and other alpha-hydroxy acids; amino acids; peptides; activated carbon; chemical and physical sunscreen ingredients; minerals such as Zn; Antioxidants; energizers such as caffeine; ginsing; bovine bilein, etc.; retinol; retinoic acid; niacinamide; salicylic acid; lactic acid and/or azelaic acid . In example embodiments, the active cleaning formulation is disposed on, or coated on, one or more surfaces of a water-soluble core substrate, or embedded in a water-soluble core substrate. and/or adhere to the water-soluble core substrate. The water soluble core substrate may comprise a single layer, such as a single layer nonwoven core substrate, or may comprise a plurality of layers, such as a sheet of nonwoven core substrate folded or cut and laminated in a serpentine arrangement to form multiple layers, the layers being For example one or more layers of a water soluble nonwoven core substrate, eg, with an active cleaning formulation disposed between adjacent layers.

In an example embodiment, the water-soluble core substrate contains an active cleaning formulation, wherein the water-soluble core substrate exhibits a shrinkage of 0.5% to 65% after contact with water at a suitable temperature. In example embodiments, the core substrate can disperse, ie, disintegrate, to release the active cleaning formulation when the core substrate is contacted with water at temperatures as low as 5°C to 10°C. In example embodiments, the water-soluble core substrate is soluble, ie, dissolves, to release the active cleaning formulation when the core substrate is contacted with water at a temperature above 40°C.

As used herein and unless otherwise specified, the term "water dispersible" refers to any nonwoven substrate (or nonwoven fabric), foamed substrate, film or laminate wherein, after immersion in water at a specified temperature, The nonwoven substrate, foamed substrate, film or laminate physically dissociates into smaller component fragments. The smaller fragments may or may not be visible to the naked eye, may or may not remain suspended in water, and may or may not eventually dissolve. In example embodiments, such nonwoven substrates (or nonwoven fabrics), foamed substrates, films or laminates have a disintegration time at a specified temperature as measured according to MSTM-205 as set forth herein is 900 seconds or less, or especially 600 seconds or less, or more especially 300 seconds or less. In example embodiments where the temperature of the dispersion is not specified, the nonwoven substrate, foamed substrate, film or laminate will collapse in 300 seconds or less at a temperature of about 100°C or less according to MSTM-205 untie. According to MSTM-205, the disintegration time may be 200 seconds or longer at a temperature of about 80°C, about 70°C, about 60°C, about 50°C, about 40°C, about 20°C, or about 10°C, as appropriate, 100 seconds or more, 60 seconds or more, or 30 seconds or more. In an alternate example embodiment where the temperature of the dispersion is not specified, the nonwoven substrate, foamed substrate, film or laminate will disperse in 300 seconds or less at a temperature of about 100°C or less according to MSTM-205. disintegrate. The disintegration time may be 200 seconds or less, 100 seconds at a temperature of about 80°C, about 70°C, about 60°C, about 50°C, about 40°C, about 20°C or about 10°C according to MSTM-205 or less, 60 seconds or less, or 30 seconds or less. For example, such dispersion parameters may be characteristic of a nonwoven substrate, foamed substrate, film or laminate structure having a thickness of 6 millimeters (mm or mil) (about 152 micrometers (µm)). As described herein, in example embodiments, the disintegration time of the nonwoven substrate, foamed substrate, film, or laminate may be greater than a minimum, such as 30 seconds, so that the resulting article (e.g., a facial mask) may be properly processed. For example, to the user's face, and there is a suitable amount of time during the application of the article after the article is in contact with water to operate as intended, such as delivering one or more active cleansing formulations to the user's skin, providing the desired application benefit. In example embodiments, the non-woven substrate (or non-woven fabric), foamed substrate, film or laminate, for example, according to MSTM-205 at about 80°C, about 70°C, about 60°C, about 50°C, about The disintegration time at a temperature of 40°C, about 20°C or about 10°C may be suitable in the following ranges: for example between 30 seconds and 900 seconds, between 30 seconds and 600 seconds, between 30 seconds and 300 seconds, Between 60 seconds and 900 seconds, between 60 seconds and 600 seconds, or between 60 seconds and 300 seconds.

As used herein and unless otherwise specified, the term "water soluble" refers to any non-woven substrate (or non-woven fabric), foam, substrate, film or laminate that has a certain dissolution time, in example embodiments , as set forth herein has a dissolution time of 900 seconds or less, or particularly 600 seconds or less, or more particularly 300 seconds or less at a specified temperature as determined according to MSTM-205. The dissolution time may depend, at least in part, on one or more active cleaning formulations used in the substrate, film, laminate or article as described herein and/or the desired application process. Additionally, in example embodiments, the dissolution time of the non-woven substrate (or non-woven fabric), foamed substrate, film, or laminate can be, for example, at about 80°C, about 70°C, about 60°C, according to MSTM-205. °C, about 50°C, about 40°C, about 20°C, or about 10°C, suitable dissolution time ranges are: between 30 seconds and 900 seconds, between 30 seconds and 600 seconds, between 30 seconds and 300 seconds between 60 seconds and 900 seconds, between 60 seconds and 600 seconds, or between 60 seconds and 300 seconds. In example embodiments, the nonwoven substrate, foamed substrate, film or laminate has a dissolution time according to MSTM-205 at about 80°C, about 70°C, about 60°C, about 50°C, about 40°C, about 900 seconds or less, 600 seconds or less, 200 seconds or less, 100 seconds or less, 60 seconds or less, or 30 seconds or less at a temperature of 20°C or about 10°C, as appropriate. As described herein, in example embodiments, the dissolution time of the nonwoven substrate, foamed substrate, film or laminate may be greater than a minimum, such as 30 seconds, so that the resulting article, such as a facial mask, may be properly applied Such as the user's face, and there is a suitable amount of time during application of the article after contacting the article with water to perform as intended, eg, deliver one or more active cleansing formulations to the user's skin, providing the desired application benefit. In example embodiments where a dissolution temperature is not specified, the water-soluble nonwoven substrate, foamed substrate, film, or laminate has a dissolution time of 300 seconds or less at a temperature of not greater than about 80°C. In the example embodiments, "water soluble nonwoven substrate" or "water soluble nonwoven fabric" means a nonwoven substrate at a thickness of 1.5 mil (approximately 38 µm) at a temperature not exceeding 80°C according to MSTM-205. Dissolve in 300 seconds or less at high temperature. For example, a 1.5 mil (about 38 µm) thick water-soluble nonwoven substrate is heated according to MSTM-205 at about 70°C, about 60°C, about 50°C, about 40°C, about 30°C, about 20°C, or about 10°C. It may have a dissolution time of 300 seconds or less, 200 seconds or less, 100 seconds or less, 60 seconds or less at a temperature of °C.

As used herein and unless otherwise specified, the term "cold water soluble" refers to any water soluble nonwoven substrate, foamed substrate, film or laminate in the range of about 10°C to about 20°C as determined according to MSTM-205 The dissolution time at the temperature within is 300 seconds or less. For example, the dissolution time of cold water soluble nonwoven substrates, foamed substrates, films or laminates can optionally be 200 seconds or less according to MSTM-205 at temperatures ranging from about 10°C to about 20°C , 100 seconds or less, 60 seconds or less, or 30 seconds. In the example embodiments, "cold water soluble nonwoven substrate" or "cold water soluble nonwoven fabric" means a nonwoven substrate at a thickness of 1.5 mil (approximately 38 µm) at a temperature not exceeding 20°C according to MSTM-205. Dissolve in 300 seconds or less at high temperature. For example, a 1.5 mil (about 38 µm) thick cold water soluble nonwoven substrate may have a 300 seconds or less, 200 seconds or less, 100 seconds per MSTM-205 at a temperature of about 20°C or about 10°C or less, 60 seconds or less, or 30 seconds or less dissolution time.

As used herein and unless otherwise specified, the term "hot water soluble" refers to any water soluble nonwoven substrate, foamed substrate, film or laminate as determined according to MSTM-205 at greater than about 20°C, for example about The dissolution time is 300 seconds or less at temperatures ranging from 21°C to about 80°C. For example, the dissolution time of hot water soluble nonwoven substrates, foamed substrates, films or laminates according to MSTM-205 is greater than about 20°C, such as about 21°C to about 80°C, about 25°C to about 80°C °C, about 25°C to about 60°C, about 30°C to about 60°C, about 25°C to about 45°C, about 30°C to about 45°C or about 25°C to about 43°C, about 30°C to about 43°C, The temperature in the range of about 25°C to about 40°C or about 30°C to about 40°C can optionally be 200 seconds or less, 100 seconds or less, 60 seconds or less, or 30 seconds. In an example embodiment, "hot water soluble nonwoven substrate" or "hot water soluble nonwoven fabric" means a nonwoven substrate having a thickness of 1.5 mil (about 38 µm) that is not less than about Dissolve in 300 seconds or less at a temperature of 21°C. For example, a 1.5 mil (about 38 µm) thick water-soluble nonwoven substrate can be heated according to MSTM-205 at about 80°C, about 70°C, about 60°C, about 50°C, about 40°C, about 30°C, about 25°C, or There may be a dissolution time of 300 seconds or less, 200 seconds or less, 100 seconds or less, 60 seconds or less, or 30 seconds at a temperature of about 21°C. In example embodiments, hot water soluble substrates, such as "hot water soluble nonwoven substrates" or "hot water soluble nonwoven fabrics" remain stable, e.g., do not dissolve, in contact with water at temperatures below their hot water solubility temperature. , but are soluble, eg, dissolved, when contacted with water at a temperature equal to its hot water solubility temperature for a suitable dissolution time, eg, in the range of 30 seconds to about 300 seconds. For example, in an example embodiment, a hot water soluble nonwoven substrate contacted with water at a temperature of 40° C. for 300 seconds or less (or 600 seconds or less or 900 seconds or less) according to MSTM -205 is soluble; however, hot water soluble nonwoven substrates are stable when in contact with water at a temperature of less than 40°C or with water at a temperature of 40°C for less than 300 seconds.

As used herein and unless otherwise specified, the term "nonwoven fabric" refers to a fabric or sheet comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of fibers arranged (eg, by a carding process) and bonded to one another. Therefore, the term "nonwoven fabric" can be considered as an abbreviation for fabric based on nonwoven fibers. Furthermore, as used herein, "nonwoven fabric" includes any structure comprising a nonwoven fabric or sheet, including, for example, a nonwoven fabric or sheet having a film laminated to a surface thereof. Methods of making nonwoven fabrics from fibers are well known in the art, e.g., as described in the Nonwoven Fabrics Handbook , prepared by Ian Butler, edited by Subhash Batra et al., Design Print, 1999, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this article. As used herein and unless otherwise specified, the term "film" refers to a continuous film or sheet prepared, for example, by casting or extrusion processes.

As used herein, "plurality of fibers" may include a single fiber type or may include two or more different fiber types. In example embodiments where the plurality of fibers includes two or more different fiber types, each fiber type may generally be included in any amount, such as from about 0.5% to about 99.5% by weight of the total weight of the plurality of fibers. In example embodiments where the plurality of fibers consists of a single fiber type, the plurality of fibers is substantially free of the second or more fiber types. When the plurality of fibers includes less than about 0.5% by weight of the second or more fiber types, the plurality of fibers is substantially free of the second or more fiber types. In general, differences between fiber types can be fiber length to diameter ratio (L/D), tenacity, shape, stiffness, elasticity, solubility, melting point, glass transition temperature (Tg), chemical composition, color, or combinations thereof difference.

As used herein, the terms "resin" and "polymer" should be considered interchangeable. In certain embodiments, the terms resin and polymer are used to refer to a polymer, respectively, optionally in combination with one or more additional polymers, and refer to a single type of polymer, eg, a resin may include more than one polymer.

As used herein and unless otherwise specified, the term "weight % (wt.%/wt%)" is intended to refer to the composition of elements in "dry" (anhydrous) parts by weight throughout a water-soluble film, for example, comprising Residual moisture in parts by weight of the water soluble film or the overall composition, as the context dictates.

As used herein and unless otherwise specified, the term "PHR" (phr) is intended to refer to the presence of water-soluble non-woven substrates, foamed substrates or films or used to make water-soluble non-woven substrates, foamed substrates or films Composition of defined element parts per hundred parts of water-soluble polymer resin (PVOH or other polymer resin unless otherwise specified) in the solution.

As used herein and unless specified otherwise, the term "comprising" means that various components, ingredients or steps can be combined in the practice of the invention. Thus, the term "comprising" encompasses the more restrictive terms "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of". The compositions of the present invention may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of any of the required and optional elements disclosed herein. The invention illustratively disclosed herein may suitably be practiced in the absence of any element or step not specifically disclosed herein.

When values are expressed as approximations, by the preceding use of "about," it is understood that the particular value forms another embodiment. As used herein, in example embodiments, "about X" (where X is a numerical value) means ±10% (eg, ±5%) of the stated value, inclusive.

Water-dispersible or water-soluble skin cleansing articles, water-dispersible or water-soluble non-woven materials, water-dispersible or water-soluble foam materials and water-dispersible or water-soluble film materials and water-dispersible or water-soluble film materials Related methods of dispersible or water soluble skin cleansing articles, water dispersible or water soluble nonwoven materials, water dispersible or water soluble foam materials and water dispersible or water soluble film materials are covered to include the following Embodiments of any combination of one or more of the additional optional elements, features and steps further described herein.

In example embodiments, a water-dispersible skin cleansing article comprises a water-soluble core substrate comprising a water-soluble resin. In example embodiments, the water soluble core substrate comprises one or more water soluble nonwoven core substrates. The water-soluble core substrate contains an active cleaning formulation, wherein the water-soluble core substrate is soluble to release Active cleansing formulation. In example embodiments, the water-soluble core substrate can be dispersed at 10°C within 300 seconds, can be dissolved at 20°C in more than 15 seconds but within 300 seconds, and can be dissolved at 40°C in more than 15 seconds but within 300 seconds. Dissolves within 300 seconds, and can be dissolved within 300 seconds at 80°C.

In example embodiments, the active cleaning formulation is in the form of at least one of a solid (such as a powder or a plurality of granules or granules), a gel, a liquid, or a slurry, or any suitable combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the water soluble core substrate is saturated with an active cleansing formulation. In other embodiments, the active cleaning formulation is embedded in, applied to, positioned, coated on, and/or adhered to a water-soluble core substrate, a water-soluble core substrate, For example an active cleaning formulation is disposed on the surface of a water soluble core substrate. In example embodiments, the water soluble core substrate is at least one of coated with the active cleaning formulation or impregnated with the active cleaning formulation. In example embodiments, the active cleaning formulation is present in a water-soluble core substrate, such as in a fiber-forming composition, foam-forming composition, or film-forming composition.

Referring to the drawings and first to FIG. 1 , in an example embodiment, a water soluble skin cleansing article 20 is in the form of a water soluble face mask 22 made from a suitable water soluble core substrate, such as a water soluble nonwoven substrate 24 . Although each of the skin cleansing article 20, mask 22, core substrate, and nonwoven substrate 24 is described as water-soluble with reference to FIGS. Each of 24 may comprise a water-dispersible and/or water-soluble material, such as a plurality of water-dispersible fibers, a plurality of water-soluble fibers, or a blend of water-dispersible fibers and water-soluble fibers. Mask 22, such as a water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24, has a first surface 26 and an opposing second surface 28 configured to contact the skin of a user. Before or during use, mask 22 is positioned on the user's face such that first surface 26 contacts the skin surface on the user's face. In example embodiments, the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 is substantially flat, but when wetted with water, for example, the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 can be shaped to conform to or contour to the user's body, For example, it can be shaped to follow the contours of the skin surface of the user's face. In other example embodiments, the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 is uneven, and its surface contour is configured or shaped to conform to the contours of the skin surface of the user's face, such as around the user's eyes, along the user's front On the forehead and/or along the user's cheekbones and/or jaw.

As shown in FIG. 1, mask 22, eg, a water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24, includes a plurality of openings that align with the user's eyes, nose, and mouth, respectively, to facilitate proper positioning of the mask on the user's face. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the nonwoven substrate 24 forms a first or right eye opening 30 and a second or left eye opening 32 to align with the user's right and left eyes, respectively. In addition, the nonwoven substrate 24 forms a third opening 34 aligned with the user's nose and a fourth opening 36 aligned with the user's mouth. In an example embodiment, nonwoven substrate 24 includes one or more zones, eg, a plurality of zones, such as first zone 40 , second zone 42 , third zone 44 , and fourth zone 46 . Each of the plurality of zones is configured to contain one or more active cleaning formulations 50 .

In an example embodiment, for example, a first active cleansing formulation (eg, for treating wrinkles) is contained on or within the first region 40 of the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 and/or is contained on or within the second region 42. and may be positioned relative to the user's eyes, for example, to contact the user's skin around the respective right or left eye and/or the user's skin below the respective eye. Additionally or alternatively, the third region 44 of the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 may be positioned relative to the user's forehead, for example, to contact the user's skin on the user's forehead and/or on the bridge of the user's nose. The third zone 44 is configured to contain a first active cleansing formulation, eg, to treat wrinkles, and/or a second active cleansing formulation, eg, to treat acne. Additionally or alternatively, the fourth region 46 of the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 may be positioned relative to one or both of the user's cheek and/or the user's jaw, for example, to contact the area around the user's cheekbone and/or jaw. user skin. The fourth zone 46 is configured to contain a second active cleansing formulation, for example to treat acne, and/or a different active cleansing formulation to provide an additional skin care formulation to the user's skin.

In an example embodiment, each of the first region 40 , the second region 42 , the third region 44 , and the fourth region 46 forms at least a portion of the water-soluble facial mask 22 . In an example embodiment, each of the first zone 40, the second zone 42, the third zone 44, and/or the fourth zone 46 is sized for effective delivery of the active cleaning formulation 50 (e.g., release) in the desired location on the user's skin. In certain embodiments, one or more of the first region 40, the second region 42, the third region 44, or the fourth region 46 may overlap an adjacent region. Additionally, one or more of the first region 40, the second region 42, the third region 44, or the fourth region 46 may be separated from the water-soluble mask 22 prior to or during use.

In example embodiments, skin cleansing articles, such as masks, wipes, sheets, pads, pouches or strips, for example, are configured to deliver cosmetic and/or dermal therapies to the skin of a user. A skin cleansing article includes a first nonwoven substrate comprising a plurality of fibers including a water soluble resin. The first nonwoven substrate has at least one first zone, wherein a first active cleaning formulation is contained in the first zone. A second nonwoven substrate is coupled to the first nonwoven substrate. The second non-woven substrate includes a plurality of fibers including water-dispersible resin and/or water-soluble resin. The second nonwoven substrate has at least one second zone, wherein the second active cleaning formulation is contained in the second zone. In an example embodiment, the first nonwoven substrate is soluble according to MSTM-205 when the first nonwoven substrate is in contact with water at a temperature greater than 10° C. for 300 seconds or less (eg, 30 seconds to 300 seconds) to release the first active cleaning formulation from the first nonwoven substrate. In certain embodiments, the second nonwoven substrate comprises a plurality of fibers, the plurality of fibers comprise a water-dispersible resin, and when the second nonwoven substrate is in contact with water at a temperature above 10° C. for 300 seconds or less At a time (eg, 30 seconds to 300 seconds), the second nonwoven substrate is dispersible according to MSTM-205 to release the second active cleaning formulation from the second nonwoven substrate. In some embodiments, the second nonwoven substrate comprises a plurality of fibers, the plurality of fibers comprise a water-soluble resin, and when the second nonwoven substrate is in contact with water at a temperature higher than 10° C. for 300 seconds or less (eg, 30 seconds to 300 seconds), the second nonwoven substrate is soluble according to MSTM-205 to release the second active cleaning formulation from the second nonwoven substrate. In example embodiments, the water soluble film, the water dispersible film and/or the biodegradable film is coupled to, eg laminated to, the first nonwoven substrate and/or the second nonwoven substrate.

In example embodiments, skin cleansing articles, such as masks, wipes, sheets, pads, pouches or strips, for example, are configured to deliver cosmetic and/or dermal therapies to the skin of a user. A skin cleansing article includes a first nonwoven substrate comprising a plurality of fibers including a water-dispersible resin. The first nonwoven substrate has at least one first zone, wherein a first active cleaning formulation is contained in the first zone. A second nonwoven substrate is coupled to the first nonwoven substrate. The second non-woven substrate includes a plurality of fibers including water-dispersible resin and/or water-soluble resin. The second nonwoven substrate has a second zone, wherein the second active cleaning formulation is contained in the second zone, when the first nonwoven substrate is contacted with water at a temperature above 10° C. for 300 seconds or less (eg, 30 seconds to 300 seconds), the first nonwoven substrate is dispersible according to MSTM-205 to release the first active cleaning formulation from the first nonwoven substrate. In certain embodiments, the second nonwoven substrate comprises a plurality of fibers, the plurality of fibers comprise a water-dispersible resin, and when the second nonwoven substrate is in contact with water at a temperature above 10° C. for 300 seconds or less Over time (eg, 30 seconds to 300 seconds), the second nonwoven substrate is dispersible according to MSTM-205 to release the second active cleaning formulation from the second nonwoven substrate. In some embodiments, the second nonwoven substrate comprises a plurality of fibers, the plurality of fibers comprise a water-soluble resin, and when the second nonwoven substrate is in contact with water at a temperature higher than 10° C. for 300 seconds or less (eg, 30 seconds to 300 seconds), the second nonwoven substrate is soluble according to MSTM-205 to release the second active cleaning formulation from the second nonwoven substrate. In example embodiments, the water soluble film, the water dispersible film and/or the biodegradable film is coupled to, eg laminated to, the first nonwoven substrate and/or the second nonwoven substrate.

With further reference to Figures 1-3, the water soluble skin cleansing article 20 comprises a water soluble nonwoven substrate 24 comprising a water soluble resin. In an example embodiment, the water soluble nonwoven substrate 24 comprises any suitable fiber chemistry including, but not limited to, PVOH polymer fibers or PVOH polymer fibers blended with up to 90% by weight cellulosic fibers. In an alternative embodiment, the nonwoven substrate is made of water dispersible fibers. In an example embodiment, the water soluble nonwoven substrate 24 has a basis weight of 10 gsm (grams per square meter) to 120 gsm, and more specifically 15 gsm to 100 gsm, and more specifically 30 gsm to 80 gsm, and Even more particularly 30 gsm to 40 gsm; fiber lengths from 10 millimeters (mm) to 100 mm; and suitable fiber diameters from 5 microns to 100 microns. In other example embodiments, water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 has any suitable basis weight, fiber length, and/or fiber diameter. For example, in example embodiments, the fibers are less than 5 microns or greater than 100 microns in diameter. The fibers of water soluble nonwoven substrate 24 may be produced using any suitable method, including but not limited to carding and calendering processes or any suitable process for making water soluble nonwoven fibers. Additionally, the fibers of the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 are bonded together using any suitable bonding process or method, including, but not limited to, thermal, thermal, chemical, aqueous and/or solution bonding methods or known in the art of nonwoven fiber bonding. Any suitable bonding method. As described herein, the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 can comprise any suitable number of layers or stacks, for example, from 1 layer or stack to 50 layers or stacks, or more, in certain embodiments. The water soluble nonwoven substrate 24 can be porous or nonporous and can be cold water soluble, warm water soluble, or hot water soluble. Water soluble nonwoven substrate 24 may be formed using any suitable manufacturing process known in the art of nonwoven fabric manufacturing, including but not limited to a carding process. The configuration of the water soluble substrate 22 may include, for example, folded layers or laminates, stacked layers or laminates, or rolled layers and/or laminates.

In the example embodiment, water soluble nonwoven substrate 24 is configured to contain active cleaning formulation 50 . When the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 is in contact with water at a temperature above 20°C or at a temperature between 30°C and 40°C, the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 dissolves to release the active cleaning formulation 50 and the active cleaning The formulation 50 is delivered to the desired site on the user's face. The active cleaning formulation 50 can be in the form of a solid (such as a powder or a plurality of granules or granules), a gel, a liquid or a slurry formulation, or any suitable combination such as a solid, gel, liquid or slurry formulation. In example embodiments, the active cleaning formulation 50 is in any suitable phase, including, for example, a solid phase, a liquid phase, a slurry phase (a liquid containing a solid and multiple phases), or any suitable combination of phases. For example, the active cleaning formulation 50 may comprise fine powder particles or granules, a gel, one or more liquids or slurries, or multiple phases. In an example embodiment, the active cleansing formulation 50 comprises, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: hyaluronic acid, aloe vera, chamomile extract, lactic acid, citric acid, hydrolyzed collagen, polysaccharides, peptides, surfactants or foaming agents, detergents, surfactants, emulsifiers, chelating agents, enzymes, pH regulators, builders, structurants, free fragrances, encapsulated fragrances, preservatives, solvents, minerals and/or Any ingredient suitable for inclusion in skin cleansing formulations, skin care formulations or personal care formulations. In an example embodiment, the skin cleansing article 20 comprises an active cleansing formulation 50 in an amount of 0.5 grams (g) to 250 grams, and especially 3.0 grams to 8.0 grams, and for select ingredients, even more specifically 0.1 g to 3.0 g, in volumes from 1.0 milliliter (ml) to 250 ml. In example embodiments where the active cleaning formulation 50 is a solid phase, the particles or granules may have a size, for example, from 1 micron to 100 microns, or may be in the form of a tablet.

In an example embodiment, the active cleaning formulation 50 is contained in, on, or contained by the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24, such as by saturating the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 with the active cleaning formulation 50 ; by placing the active cleaning formulation 50 on one or more surfaces of the water-soluble non-woven substrate 24, such as the first surface 26 and/or the second surface 28, as shown in FIG. 2 ; by placing the active Cleansing formulation 50 is embedded in matrix 52 of water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, in one or more layers of water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24; and/or by incorporating active Cleaning formulation 50 is disposed between different layers of water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24, such as between adjacent layers, such as by coating one or more surfaces of one or more layers with active cleaning formulation 50, for example. For example, active cleaning formulation 50 may be impregnated in, absorbed in, and/or adhered or bonded to the surface of water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 .

In an example embodiment, such as shown in FIG. 2 , the skin cleansing article 20 comprises one or more layers of a water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 in the form of a nonwoven sheet 54 and is disposed in a solid phase on the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24. Active cleaning formulation 50 on first surface 26 and/or opposing second surface 28 . In an example embodiment, such as shown in FIG. 3 , skin cleansing article 20 comprises one or more layers of water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 forming a nonwoven sheet 54 containing water-soluble Active cleaning formulation 50 within matrix 52 of nonwoven substrate 24 .

Referring further to FIGS. 1-3, in an example embodiment, water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 includes a plurality of fibers as described herein but not explicitly shown in FIGS. 1-3. In an example embodiment, one or more fibers of the plurality of fibers are saturated with or impregnated with the active cleaning formulation 50 . The active cleaning formulation 50 can be embedded in one or more of the plurality of fibers or between one or more adjacent fibers of the plurality of fibers, or the active cleaning formulation 50 can be disposed on one or more of the plurality of fibers. On the surface of various fibers, for example, coating on the surface.

As shown in Figure 4, sustainable packaging 60 made of suitable recyclable materials such as cardboard, cardboard, coated paper, impermeable paper, repulpable packaging, recycled plastic or other paper-like materials is assembled state to contain or store one or more facial masks 22, for example a plurality of facial masks 22. Before use, the user opens the label 62 and removes the sheet of mask 22 from the package 60 for use. The label 62 is then closed to seal the package 60 . In an example embodiment, the mask is initially provided in a dry state, and water is added to the mask either before or during use.

In an example embodiment, an example water-soluble skin cleansing article 20 is provided that can be positioned on an area of a user's skin. For example, a water-soluble skin cleansing article 20 in the form of a mask 22 may be positioned on a user's face to contact at least a portion of the skin surface of the user's face. For example, the first opening 30 is aligned with and positioned around the user's right eye, and the second opening 32 is aligned with and positioned around the user's left eye. Additionally, the third opening 34 is aligned with and positioned around the user's nose, and the fourth opening 36 is aligned with and positioned around the user's nose. With the mask 22 properly positioned on the user's face, one or more regions of the mask 22, for example a plurality of regions, such as a first region 40, a second region 42, The third area 44 and the fourth area 46 are suitably positioned to contact corresponding areas of the skin surface of the user's face. For example, a first active cleansing formulation, such as to treat wrinkles, is contained on or in the first region 40 of the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 and/or is contained on or in the second region 42 and relatively Positioned on the user's eyes, eg, to contact the user's skin around the respective right or left eye and/or the user's skin below the respective eye. The third region 44 of the water soluble nonwoven substrate 24 is positioned relative to the user's forehead, eg, to contact the user's forehead and/or the user's skin on the bridge of the user's nose. The third zone 44 is configured to contain a first active cleansing formulation, eg, to treat wrinkles, and/or a second active cleansing formulation, eg, to treat acne. The fourth region 46 of the water soluble nonwoven substrate 24 is positioned relative to one or both of the user's cheeks and/or the user's jaw, eg, contacts the user's skin around the user's cheekbones and/or jaw. The fourth zone 46 is configured to contain a second active cleansing formulation, for example to treat acne, and/or a different active cleansing formulation to provide an additional skin care formulation to the user's skin. In example embodiments, any suitable skin care ingredient or fragrance or natural aromatic essential oil or extract for providing various desired effects including but not limited to hydration, moisturizing, brightening, tightening and/or pore cleansing may comprise In one or more active cleansing formulations. Because the water-soluble skin cleansing article 20, such as the mask 22, comes into contact with water at a temperature above 20°C or at a temperature between 30°C and 40°C, the water-soluble skin cleansing article 20 can dissolve to release one of the masks 22 or One or more active cleaning formulations 50 in multiple areas. After use, any remaining portion of mask 22 is removed from the user's face and discarded. Alternatively, in an example embodiment, the remainder of mask 22 and/or any remaining active skin formulation 50 forms a lather that the user may massage into his or her skin using his or her wet hands or fingers. In an example embodiment, the user is able to use all of the active skin formulation 50 without feeling as if he or she is not utilizing the full amount of the active skin formulation 50 . In certain example embodiments, two or more of the plurality of zones, such as first zone 40, second zone 42, third zone 44, and/or fourth zone 46 of mask 22, may also include the same or Essentially the same cleansing formulation 50.

Referring now to FIG. 5 , in an example embodiment, an exemplary method 100 for making a skin cleansing article containing an active cleansing formulation includes steps 102 , 104 and/or 106 . At step 102, a water-soluble core substrate comprising a water-soluble resin is formed. In an example embodiment, the water soluble nonwoven substrate has a first region configured to contain a first active cleaning formulation and a second region configured to contain a second active cleaning formulation. At step 104, a first active cleaning formulation is contained in the first zone. And at step 106, a second active cleaning formulation is contained in the second zone. The water-soluble non-woven substrate is soluble according to MSTM-205 to release at least one of the first active cleaning formulation and the second active cleaning formulation when the water-soluble non-woven substrate is contacted with water at a temperature greater than 20°C By.

In an example embodiment, step 102 of forming a water-soluble core substrate comprising a water-soluble resin includes forming one or more layers of a water-soluble nonwoven substrate. In example embodiments, a water-soluble core substrate, such as a water-soluble nonwoven substrate, is configured to contain one or more active cleaning formulations, such as described herein. In an example embodiment, the active cleaning formulation 50 is contained in, or contained by, the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24, such as by rendering the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 with the active cleaning formulation 50 Saturation, by disposing the active cleaning formulation 50 on one or more surfaces of the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24, such as the first surface 28 and/or the second surface 30, as shown in FIG. Active cleaning formulation 50 is embedded in matrix 52 of water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, in one or more layers of water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24; and/or by incorporating Active cleaning formulation 50 is disposed between different layers of water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24, eg, between adjacent layers, eg, by coating one or more surfaces of one or more layers with active cleaning formulation 50. For example, the active cleaning formulation 50 can be absorbed into the water-soluble nonwoven substrate 24 and/or adhere to or bond to the surface of the water-soluble nonwoven substrate. When the water-soluble core substrate is brought into contact with water at a temperature above 20°C or between 30°C and 40°C, the water-soluble core substrate is soluble to release the active cleaning formulation. Water-soluble film and fiber forming material

Water-soluble polymers suitable for water-soluble fibers, water-soluble non-woven substrates, water-soluble foam substrates and water-soluble films include but are not limited to polyvinyl alcohol; polyacrylates; water-soluble acrylate copolymers; polyvinylpyrrole pyridone; polyethylenediimine; pullulan; water-soluble natural polymers, including but not limited to guar gum, acacia gum, sanxian gum, carrageenan, and starch; water-soluble polymer derivatives , including but not limited to modified starch, ethoxylated starch and hydroxypropylated starch; the aforementioned copolymers and combinations of any of the aforementioned. Other water-soluble polymers may include: polyoxyalkylenes, polyacrylamides, polyacrylic acids and their salts, cellulose, cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, cellulose amides, polyvinyl acetates, polycarboxylic acids and their salts , polyamino acid, polyamide, gelatin, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and its salts, dextrin, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, malt Dextrin, polymethacrylate, and combinations of any of the foregoing. Such water soluble polymers, whether PVOH polymers or otherwise, are commercially available from a variety of sources.

Generally, fibers, foams and films as described herein comprise polyvinyl alcohol. Polyvinyl alcohol is a synthetic polymer generally prepared by the alcoholysis of polyvinyl acetate, commonly referred to as "hydrolysis" or "saponification." Fully hydrolyzed PVOH, in which almost all the acetate groups have been converted to alcohol groups, is a strongly hydrogen bonded, highly crystalline polymer that dissolves only in hot water, for example, at temperatures above about 140°F (about 60°C). If a sufficient number of acetate groups remain after polyvinyl acetate hydrolysis, i.e., the PVOH polymer is partially hydrolyzed, the polymer is less hydrogen-bonded, less crystalline, and generally soluble in, for example, temperatures below about 50 ℉ (about 10℃) cold water. Thus, the partially hydrolyzed polymer is vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer, ie PVOH copolymer, but is commonly referred to as PVOH.

In certain example embodiments, suitable examples of such polymers include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol homopolymers, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, modified polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, and combinations thereof. For example, in certain embodiments, the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer is a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol. For example, in some embodiments, the modified polyvinyl alcohol copolymers include anionically modified copolymers, which may be vinyl acetate and Copolymer of vinyl alcohol. Therefore, the partially hydrolyzed polymer is a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer, ie a PVOH copolymer, but is commonly referred to as "polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH)" or "PVOH polymer". For brevity, the term "PVOH polymer" as used herein should be understood to encompass homopolymers, copolymers and modified copolymers comprising vinyl alcohol moieties, eg 50% or more of vinyl alcohol moieties.

The fibers, foams, and/or films described herein may comprise one or more polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) homopolymers, one or more polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, one or more modified polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, or combination. As used herein, the term "homopolymer" generally encompasses polymers having a single type of monomeric repeat unit (eg, a polymer chain consisting or consisting essentially of a single monomeric repeat unit). For the specific case of PVOH, the term "PVOH polymer" further includes copolymers consisting of a distribution of vinyl alcohol monomer units and vinyl acetate monomer units, depending on the degree of hydrolysis (e.g. from vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate monomers units or polymer chains consisting essentially of them). In the limiting case of 100% hydrolysis, PVOH homopolymers may comprise true homopolymers with only vinyl alcohol units. In some embodiments, the fibers, foams and/or films of the present invention comprise polyvinyl alcohol copolymers. In some embodiments, the fibers, foams and/or films of the present invention comprise cold water soluble or hot water soluble polyvinyl alcohol copolymers.

Unless expressly indicated otherwise, the term "degree of hydrolysis" is to be understood as the percentage (eg molar percentage) of hydrolyzed moieties out of all hydrolyzable moieties of the initial polymer. For example, for polymers that include at least one of vinyl acetate moieties or vinyl alcohol moieties, partial displacement of the ester groups in the vinyl acetate moieties occurs during hydrolysis, and the vinyl acetate moieties become vinyl alcohol moieties. The degree of hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate homopolymer was regarded as zero, and the degree of hydrolysis of polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer was regarded as 100%. The degree of hydrolysis of a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol is equal to the percentage of the vinyl alcohol moiety among the total vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol moieties, and is considered to be between zero and 100%.

In some embodiments, the polyvinyl alcohol comprises modified polyvinyl alcohol, such as a copolymer. In addition to the vinyl acetate/vinyl alcohol base, the modified polyvinyl alcohol may comprise copolymers or higher polymers (eg, terpolymers) comprising one or more monomers. Optionally, the modification is neutral, for example provided by ethylene, propylene, N-vinylpyrrolidone or other uncharged monomeric species. Optionally, the modification is a cationic modification, for example provided by a positively charged monomeric species. Depending on the circumstances, the modification is anion modification. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the polyvinyl alcohol comprises anionically modified polyvinyl alcohol.

Anionically modified polyvinyl alcohol may comprise partially or fully hydrolyzed PVOH copolymers comprising anionic monomer units, vinyl alcohol monomer units, and optionally vinyl acetate monomer units (i.e., when not fully hydrolyzed hour). In some embodiments, the modified PVOH copolymer can include two or more types of anionic monomer units. General classes of anionic monomer units that can be used in PVOH copolymers include those corresponding to sulfonic acid vinyl monomers and their esters, monocarboxylic acid vinyl monomers, their esters and anhydrides, dicarboxylic acid monomers with polymerizable double bonds , esters and anhydrides thereof, and vinyl polymerized units of alkali metal salts of any of the foregoing. Examples of suitable anionic monomer units include vinyl polymerized units corresponding to vinyl anionic monomers, including vinyl acetic acid, maleic acid, monoalkyl maleate, dialkyl maleate , maleic anhydride, monoalkyl fumarate, dialkyl fumarate, itaconic acid, monoalkyl itaconate, dialkyl itaconate, citraconic acid , monoalkyl citraconic acid, dialkyl citraconic acid, citraconic anhydride, methyl fumaric acid, monoalkyl methyl fumarate, dialkyl methyl fumarate, pentameric Alkene dioic acid, monoalkyl glutaconate, dialkyl glutaconate, alkyl acrylate, alkyl alkacrylate, vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, ethylene sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamide Base-1-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylic acid 2-sulfoethyl Esters, alkali metal salts of the foregoing (such as sodium, potassium or other alkali metal salts), esters of the foregoing (such as methyl, ethyl or other C ₁ -C ₄ or C ₆ alkyl esters), and combinations of the foregoing (such as various type of anionic monomer or an equivalent form of the anionic monomer). In some embodiments, the modified PVOH copolymer may comprise two or more types of monomer units selected from neutral, anionic, and cationic monomer units.

The incorporation content of one or more anionic monomer units in the PVOH copolymer is not particularly limited. In certain embodiments, the one or more anionic monomeric units are present in an amount ranging from about 1 or 2 molar % to about 6 or 10 molar % (e.g., in various embodiments at least 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 or 4.0 mole % and/or up to about 3.0, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0 or 10 mole %) are present in the PVOH copolymer.

Polyvinyl alcohol is subject to changes in solubility characteristics. It is known to those skilled in the art that the acetate groups in copoly(vinyl acetate vinyl alcohol) polymers (PVOH copolymers) can be hydrolyzed by acidic or basic hydrolysis. As the degree of hydrolysis increases, polymer compositions made from PVOH copolymers will have increased mechanical strength but reduced solubility at lower temperatures (eg hot water temperatures are required for complete dissolution). Thus, exposure of a PVOH copolymer to an alkaline environment (e.g., produced by laundry bleach additives) can convert the polymer from one that is rapidly and completely soluble in a given aqueous environment (e.g., cold water medium) to one that is slowly and/or incompletely soluble in a given aqueous environment (e.g., cold water medium). Polymers dissolve in aqueous environments, potentially producing undissolved polymer residues.

The degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the PVOH homopolymers and PVOH copolymers (including modified PVOH copolymers) contained in the water-soluble fibers, foams and films of the present invention can range from about 75% to about 99.9%. (e.g. about 79% to about 92%, about 75% to about 89%, about 80% to about 90%, about 88% to 92%, about 86.5% to about 89%, or about 88%, 90% or 92% %, such as for cold water soluble compositions; about 90% to about 99.9%, about 90% to about 99%, about 92% to about 99%, about 95% to about 99%, about 98% to about 99% , about 98% to about 99.9%, about 96%, about 98%, about 99% or more than 99%). As the degree of hydrolysis decreases, the mechanical strength of fibers, foams or films made from the polymer will decrease, but dissolution will be accelerated at temperatures below about 20°C. As the degree of hydrolysis increases, fibers, foams or films made from polymers tend to become mechanically stronger and thermoformability tends to decrease. The degree of hydrolysis of PVOH can be selected such that the water solubility of the polymer is temperature dependent and thus also affects the solubility of films, foams or fibers made of the polymer and additional ingredients. In certain embodiments, the films, foams and/or fibers are cold water soluble. For co-(vinyl acetate vinyl alcohol) polymers that do not contain any other monomers (e.g., copolymers not copolymerized with anionic monomers), cold water-soluble fibers, foams soluble in water at temperatures below 10°C Or the film may comprise PVOH with a degree of hydrolysis in the range of about 75% to about 90%, about 75% to about 89%, or in the range of about 80% to about 90%, or in the range of about 85% to about 90%. In another embodiment, the fiber, foam or film is hot water soluble. For copoly(vinyl acetate vinyl alcohol) polymers that do not contain any other monomers (e.g., copolymers that are not copolymerized with anionic monomers), hot water soluble fibers, hair The bubble or film may comprise PVOH having a degree of hydrolysis of at least about 98%. In an example embodiment, one or more of the plurality of fibers includes a polyvinyl alcohol polymer having a degree of hydrolysis in the range of about 75% to about 99.9%. In an example embodiment, one or more of the plurality of fibers includes a polyvinyl alcohol polymer having a degree of hydrolysis in the range of about 75% to about 98%. In an example embodiment, one or more of the plurality of fibers includes a polyvinyl alcohol polymer having a degree of hydrolysis ranging from about 75% to about 89%. In an example embodiment, one or more of the plurality of fibers includes a polyvinyl alcohol polymer having a degree of hydrolysis in the range of about 90% to about 99.9%. In an example embodiment, the water soluble film comprises a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer or a modified PVOH copolymer having a degree of hydrolysis ranging from about 75% to about 99.9%. In an example embodiment, the water soluble film includes polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer or polyvinyl alcohol copolymer having a degree of hydrolysis ranging from about 75% to about 98%.

)來表徵。舉例而言，藉由式

計算包含兩種或更多種PVOH聚合物之PVOH聚合物之

，其中 W _i 為各別PVOH聚合物之莫耳百分比且 H _i 為各別水解度。當聚合物被稱為具有(或不具有)特定水解度時，聚合物可為具有規定水解度之單一聚乙烯醇聚合物或具有規定平均水解度之聚乙烯醇聚合物的摻合物。 The degree of hydrolysis of the polymer blend can also be calculated by the arithmetic weighted average degree of hydrolysis (

) to represent. For example, by

Calculation of PVOH polymers containing two or more PVOH polymers

, wherein _Wi is the molar percentage of the respective PVOH polymer and _Hi is the respective degree of hydrolysis. When a polymer is referred to as having (or not having) a particular degree of hydrolysis, the polymer may be a single polyvinyl alcohol polymer having the specified degree of hydrolysis or a blend of polyvinyl alcohol polymers having a specified average degree of hydrolysis.

相關，且黏度常用作

之代理。 The viscosity (μ) of PVOH polymers was determined by measuring fresh solutions as described in British Standard EN ISO 15023-2:2006 Annex E Brookfield test method using a Brookfield LV type viscometer with UL adapter. The international practice is to indicate the viscosity of 4% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution at 20°C. Unless otherwise specified, all viscosities specified herein in centipoise (cP) are to be understood as referring to the viscosity of a 4% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol at 20°C. Similarly, unless otherwise specified, when a polymer is described as having (or not having) a specific viscosity, the stated viscosity is intended to be the average viscosity of the polymer which inherently has a corresponding molecular weight distribution, i.e. weighted natural logarithm average viscosity. As is well known in the art, the viscosity of PVOH polymer and the weight average molecular weight of PVOH polymer

related, and the viscosity is often used as

agent.

In example embodiments, the PVOH resin may have a viscosity of about 1.0 to about 50.0 cP, about 1.0 to about 40.0 cP, or about 1.0 to about 30.0 cP, such as about 4 cP, 8 cP, 15 cP, 18 cP, 23 cP or 26 cP. In example embodiments, the viscosity of the PVOH homopolymer and/or copolymer can be from about 1.0 to about 40.0 cP, or from about 5 cP to about 23 cP, such as about 1 cP, 1.5 cP, 2 cP, 2.5 cP, 3 cP cP, 3.5 cP, 4 cP, 4.5 cP, 5 cP, 5.5 cP, 6 cP, 6.5 cP, 7 cP, 7.5 cP, 8 cP, 8.5 cP, 9 cP, 9.5 cP, 10 cP, 11 cP, 12 cP, 13 cP, 14 cP, 15 cP, 17.5 cP, 18 cP, 19 cP, 20 cP, 21 cP, 22 cP, 23 cP, 24 cP, 25 cP, 26 cP, 27 cP, 28 cP, 29 cP, 30 cP , 31 cP, 32 cP, 33 cP, 34 cP, 35 cP, or 40 cP. In example embodiments, the PVOH homopolymer and/or copolymer may have a viscosity of about 21 cP to 26 cP. In example embodiments, the PVOH homopolymer and/or copolymer can have a viscosity of about 5 cP to about 14 cP. In example embodiments, the PVOH homopolymer and/or copolymer can have a viscosity of about 5 cP to about 23 cP.

Water soluble polymers, whether polyvinyl alcohol polymers or other polymers, can be blended. When the polymer blend comprises a blend of polyvinyl alcohol polymers, the PVOH polymer blend may comprise: a first PVOH polymer ("first PVOH polymer") which may comprise one or more types PVOH copolymers or modified PVOH copolymers of anionic monomer units (such as PVOH terpolymers (or higher copolymers)); and a second PVOH polymer ("second PVOH polymer"), which PVOH copolymers or PVOH modified copolymers containing one or more types of anionic monomer units such as PVOH terpolymers (or higher copolymers) may be included. In some embodiments, a PVOH polymer blend includes only a first PVOH polymer and a second PVOH polymer (eg, a binary blend of two polymers). Alternatively or in addition, PVOH polymer blends or fibers, foams or films made therefrom can be characterized as being free or substantially free of other polymers (e.g., other water soluble polymers in general, specific In other words, other PVOH-based polymers, or both). As used herein, "substantially free" means that the first PVOH polymer and the second PVOH polymer constitute at least 95% by weight, at least 97% by weight of the total amount of water-soluble polymer in the water-soluble fiber, foam or film % or at least 99% by weight. In other embodiments, the water soluble fibers, foams or films may comprise one or more additional water soluble polymers. For example, a PVOH polymer blend may comprise a third PVOH polymer, a fourth PVOH polymer, a fifth PVOH polymer, etc. (e.g., one or more additional PVOH copolymers or modified PVOH copolymers, with or without with anionic monomer units). For example, a water-soluble fiber or film may comprise at least a third (or fourth, third) polymer in addition to a PVOH polymer (e.g., in addition to a PVOH copolymer or a modified PVOH copolymer with or without anionic monomer units). Five etc.) water-soluble polymers. PVOH homopolymers may also be included in each blend. Biodegradability

Polyvinyl alcohol polymers are generally biodegradable as they decompose under aerobic, anaerobic, soil and composting conditions in the presence of water and enzymes. In general, as the degree of hydrolysis of the polyvinyl alcohol polymer increases to about 80%, the biodegradation activity of the polyvinyl alcohol polymer increases. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that increasing the degree of hydrolysis beyond 80% does not significantly affect biodegradability. In addition, the stereoregularity of the hydroxyl groups of polyvinyl alcohol polymers has a greater impact on the level of biodegradability activity, and the higher the hydroxyl isotacticity of the polymer sequence, the higher the degradation activity becomes. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that nonwoven substrates or nonwoven fabrics made from polyvinyl alcohol fibers will have higher biodegradability with respect to soil and/or compost biodegradation relative to water soluble films made from similar polyvinyl alcohol polymers. The level of biodegradation activity due to the increased polymer surface area provided by the nonwoven substrate or nonwoven fabric relative to the membrane. Furthermore, without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that although the degree of polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol polymers has little effect on the biodegradability of films, foams, or nonwoven substrates or fabrics prepared from the polymers, due to the polymerization temperature Can affect the crystallinity and aggregation state of the polymer, so the polymerization temperature can affect the biodegradability of the film, foamed substrate or non-woven substrate. As crystallinity decreases, polymer chain hydroxyl groups become less aligned in the polymer structure and the polymer chains become more disordered, allowing the chains to accumulate as amorphous aggregates, thereby reducing the availability of ordered polymer structures, The expected biodegradation activity is reduced for soil and/or compost biodegradation mechanisms in which the polymer does not dissolve. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that since the stereoregularity of polyvinyl alcohol polymer hydroxyl groups has a greater impact on the level of biodegradability activity, substitution of functional groups other than hydroxyl groups (such as anionic AMPS functional groups) is expected. , carboxylic acid groups or lactone groups) reduce the level of biodegradability activity relative to polyvinyl alcohol copolymers with the same degree of hydrolysis, unless the functional groups themselves are biodegradable, in which case the biodegradability of the polymer Degradability can be increased by substitution. Furthermore, it is believed that the substituted polyvinyl alcohol will still exhibit biodegradability although the biodegradability activity level of the substituted polyvinyl alcohol may be less than that of the corresponding homopolymer or copolymer .

Methods for determining biodegradation activity are known in the art, for example as described in Chiellini et al., Progress in Polymer Science, Vol. 28, No. 6, 2003, pp. 963-1014, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety way incorporated into this article. Additional methods and standards can be found in ECHA's Annex XV Restriction Report - Microplastics, 1st Edition, January 11, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Suitable standards include OECD 301B (rapid biodegradation), OECD 301B (enhanced biodegradation), OECD 302B (inherent biodegradation), OECD 311 (anaerobic) and ASTM D5988 (soil).

In example embodiments, the fibers described herein may have standard rapid biodegradation or enhanced degradation. As used herein, the term "rapidly biodegradable" means that according to the OECD 301B test as described in ECHA's Annex XV, if a material (such as a fiber) achieves 60% biodegradation (mineralization) within 28 days of the start of the test, the standard is met . As used herein, the term "enhanced biodegradation" means that according to the OECD 301B test described in ECHA's Annex XV, a material (such as a fiber) meets the standard if it reaches 60% biodegradation within 60 days from the start of the test. In example embodiments, the fibers meet criteria for rapid biodegradation. Active Cleansing Formula

In example embodiments, the water-soluble skin cleansing article, and more particularly the water-soluble core substrate, is configured to contain one or more active cleansing formulations, such as skin cleansing formulations or skin care formulations and/or as described herein. One or more adjuvants mentioned above. Suitable examples generally include skin cleansers, acne treatments, emollients, moisturizers, conditioners, anti-wrinkle agents, unblock (SPF) and rinse aids, neutralized in situ or in formulation The alpha hydroxy acids are pH specific. In example embodiments, the active cleaning formulation is disposed on, or coated on, one or more surfaces of a water-soluble core substrate, or embedded in a water-soluble core substrate. and/or adhere to the water-soluble core substrate. The water soluble core substrate may comprise a single layer, such as a single layer nonwoven core substrate, or may comprise a plurality of layers, such as sheets of nonwoven core substrate folded in a serpentine arrangement or laminated to form multiple layers, the layers An active cleaning formulation is disposed between adjacent layers of eg a water soluble nonwoven core substrate. As an example, active cleansing formulations may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: Hyaluronic Acid, Aloe Vera, Chamomile Extract, Lactic Acid, Citric Acid, Hydrolyzed Collagen, Polysaccharides, Peptides, Surfactants, Foaming Agents , Shampoo, Conditioner, Body Wash, Cleanser, Lotion, Skin Treatment, Body Oil, Fragrance, Hair Conditioner, Bath Salt, Essential Oil, Bath Ball, Enzyme, Cleanser, Surfactant , emulsifiers, chelating agents, pH regulators, builders, structurants, free fragrances, encapsulated fragrances, preservatives, solvents or minerals and/or suitable for inclusion in skin cleansing formulations, skin care formulations or Any ingredient in a personal care formulation. Adjuvant

Generally speaking, together with the film-forming, foam-forming and/or fiber-forming materials of the present invention, fibers, non-woven substrates or fabrics, foamed substrates and/or water-soluble films may comprise Adjuvants such as (but not limited to) plasticizers, plasticizer compatibilizers, surfactants, lubricants, release agents, fillers, bulking agents, cross-linking agents, anti-caking agents, anti- Oxidizing agents, anti-sticking agents, defoamers, nanoparticles such as layered silicate nanoclays (e.g. sodium montmorillonite), bleaching agents (e.g. sodium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite or others), such as Aversive agents of bittering agents (e.g. denatonium salts such as denatonium benzoate, denatonium sugar and denatonium chloride; sucrose octaacetate; quinine; flavonoids such as quercetin and naringenin; and bitterwood bitters, such as picrophyllin and strychnine) and spicy flavoring agents (such as capsaicin, piperine, allyl isothiocyanate and resinferatoxin), and other functional ingredients. As used herein and unless otherwise specified, "adjuvant" includes secondary additives, processing aids and active agents. Certain such adjuvants may be selected from those adjuvants suitable for water-soluble fibers, water-insoluble fibers, non-woven fabrics, foams or those adjuvants suitable for water-soluble films.

In example embodiments, fibers, foams and/or films may be free of adjuvants. As used herein and unless otherwise specified, "adjuvant-free" with respect to a fiber means that the fiber contains less than about 0.01%, less than about 0.005%, or less than about 0.001% by weight of an adjuvant based on the total weight of the fiber. As used herein and unless otherwise specified, "adjuvant-free" with reference to a nonwoven substrate or fabric means that the nonwoven substrate or fabric contains less than about 0.01 wt. %, less than About 0.005% by weight or less than about 0.001% by weight of adjuvants. In an example embodiment, the water soluble fiber includes a plasticizer. In example embodiments, the water soluble fiber includes a surfactant. In example embodiments, the water-insoluble fiber includes a plasticizer. In example embodiments, the water-insoluble fiber includes a surfactant. In example embodiments, the nonwoven substrate or fabric includes a plasticizer. In example embodiments, the nonwoven substrate or fabric includes a surfactant.

Plasticizers are liquids, solids or semi-solids that are added to a material (usually a resin or elastomer) to make it softer, more flexible (by lowering the glass transition temperature of the polymer) and easier to process. The polymer can alternatively be internally plasticized by chemically modifying the polymer or monomer. Additionally or in the alternative, the polymer may be plasticized externally by adding suitable plasticizers. Water is known to be an extremely effective plasticizer for PVOH and other polymers, including but not limited to water-soluble polymers; however, the volatility of water limits its utility because polymer films need to be resistant to a variety of environmental conditions, including high relative humidity) has at least some resistance (stability).

Plasticizers may include, but are not limited to, glycerin, diglycerin, sorbitol, xylitol, maltitol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, propylene glycol, up to 1000 MW of polyethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, polyether polyols, sorbitol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (MPDiol®), ethanolamine and mixtures thereof.

Surfactants for use in films are well known in the art and may suitably be used in the fibers, foams, films and/or compositions of the present invention. Optionally, a surfactant is included to aid in fiber dispersion during carding. Optionally, surfactants are included as cleaning aids. Suitable surfactants may comprise nonionic, cationic, anionic and zwitterionic classes. Suitable surfactants include, but are not limited to, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, monoethanolamine, polyoxyethylated polyoxypropylene glycol, alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, tertiary acetylenic glycols, and Alkanolamides (nonionic agents), polyoxyethylenated amines, quaternary ammonium polyoxyethylenated amines (cationic agents), alkali metal salts of higher fatty acids containing about 8 to 24 carbon atoms , alkyl sulfates, alkyl polyethoxylated sulfates and alkylbenzene sulfonates (anionic agents) and amine oxides, N-alkyl betaines and sultaines (zwitterionic agents). Other suitable surfactants include dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerin and propylene glycol, lactoyl esters of fatty acids, sodium alkyl sulfates, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 60 , polysorbate 65, polysorbate 80, lecithin, acetylated fatty acid esters of glycerin and propylene glycol and sodium lauryl sulfate, acetylated esters of fatty acids, myristyl dimethylamine oxide, trimethyl Tallow-based alkyl ammonium chlorides, quaternary ammonium compounds, alkali metal salts of higher fatty acids containing about 8 to 24 carbon atoms, alkyl sulfates, alkyl polyethoxylated sulfates, alkylbenzenesulfonic acids Salt, monoethanolamine, ethoxylated lauryl alcohol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauryl sulfate, glucotain, phoenamid, cola Cola lipids, cocamides (such as cocamide ethanolamine), ethylene oxide surfactants, saponified oils of avocado and palm, salts thereof, and combinations of any of the foregoing. In an example embodiment, the surfactant includes cocamide. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that cocamides may aid in foam formation, enhancing the lather experience of articles including personal care compositions. In various embodiments, the amount of surfactant in the fibers is from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, from about 1.0% to about 2.5% by weight, from about 0.01% by weight to about 1.5 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.01 wt% to 0.25 wt%, or about 0.10 wt% to 0.20 wt%.

In example embodiments, the nonwoven substrates or fabrics, foams, and/or films of the present invention may further include adjuvants, such as one or more of the following group: exfoliants (chemical exfoliants and Mechanical exfoliants), fragrance and/or fragrance microcapsules, deodorants, surfactants, colorants, enzymes, skin care agents, degreasers and cosmetics.

In example embodiments, the adjuvant is provided in or on one or more of a non-woven fabric, a foam, a plurality of fibers, and a water-soluble film. In example embodiments, the active cleaning formulation is provided on or in one or more of the group of non-woven fabrics, fibers, and water-soluble films. In example embodiments, one or more adjuvants may be provided on the surface of the nonwoven fabric. In example embodiments, one or more adjuvants may be dispersed in the fibers of the nonwoven fabric. In example embodiments, one or more adjuvants may be dispersed on the surface of the nonwoven fabric. In example embodiments, one or more adjuvants may be dispersed in the fibers. In example embodiments, one or more adjuvants may be dispersed on the fibers. In example embodiments, one or more adjuvants may be provided on the face of the water-soluble film.

Chemical exfoliants, mechanical exfoliants, fragrance and/or fragrance microcapsules, repellant agents, surfactants, colorants, proteins, peptides, by weight of polymer mixture (e.g. fiber-forming or film-forming material) , enzymes, skin care agents, degreasers, cosmetics, or combinations thereof, if present, may be provided in an amount of at least about 1% by weight or in the range of about 1% by weight to about 99% by weight. In example embodiments, chemical exfoliants, mechanical exfoliants, fragrance and/or fragrance microcapsules, repellant agents, surfactants, colorants, enzymes, skin care agents, degreasers, and/or cosmetics may be sufficient Provided in amounts that provide additional functionality to the fibers and/or membranes, such as exfoliation of human skin. Chemical exfoliants, mechanical exfoliants, fragrance and/or fragrance microcapsules, repellant agents, surfactants, colorants, enzymes, skin care agents, degreasers, cosmetics, or combinations thereof may take any desired form, Contains are in the form of solids (eg powders, granules, crystals, flakes or strips), liquids, emulsions, pastes, gases, etc., and optionally encapsulated, such as microcapsules.

In certain embodiments, nonwoven substrates or fabrics, foams and/or films may include enzymes. Suitable enzymes include enzymes classified in any of the six conventional Enzyme Commission (EC) classes, namely oxidoreductases of EC 1 (which catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions), transferases of EC 2 (which transfer functional groups, such as methyl or phosphate groups), hydrolases of EC 3 (which catalyze the hydrolysis of various bonds), resolvases of EC 4 (which break down various bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation), Isomerases (which catalyze the change of isomerization within a molecule) and ligases of EC 6 (which join two molecules with a covalent bond). Examples of such enzymes include dehydrogenases and oxidases in EC 1, transaminases and kinases in EC 2, lipases, cellulases, amylases, mannanases, and peptidases in EC 3 (also known as proteases or proteolytic enzymes), decarboxylases in EC 4, isomerases and mutases in EC 5 and synthetases and synthases in EC 6. Suitable enzymes from each class are described, eg, in US Patent No. 9,394,092, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In certain embodiments, the enzyme may comprise bromeline (pineapple extract), papain (papaya), ficin (fig), actinidia (kiwi fruit), hyaluronidase, lipase, peroxidase , superoxide dismutase, tyrosinase, alkaline phosphatase, or a combination thereof. In example embodiments, enzymes may be encapsulated, for example, in the form of nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, particles, or combinations thereof.

It is contemplated that the enzymes for use herein may be from any suitable source or combination of sources, such as bacterial, fungal, plant or animal sources. In one embodiment, the mixture of two or more enzymes will be from at least two different types of sources. For example, mixtures of proteases and lipases can be derived from bacterial (protease) and fungal (lipase) sources.

Enzymes useful herein, including but not limited to, any enzyme class or member described herein, are enzymes that function in alkaline pH conditions (eg, pH in the range of about 8 to about 11), as appropriate. Enzymes for use herein, including but not limited to, any enzyme class or member described herein, are enzymes that function at temperatures ranging from about 5°C to about 45°C, as appropriate.

In example embodiments, nonwoven substrates or fabrics, foams, and/or films may include proteins and/or peptides. Suitable proteins and/or peptides may include, but are not limited to, collagen and/or collagen peptides or amino acids such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, glycine, threonine , arginine, alanine, tyrosine, cysteine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, hydroxyproline, or proline .

In example embodiments, the nonwoven substrate or fabric, foam, and/or film may include a colorant. Suitable colorants may include indicator dyes, such as pH indicators (e.g., paravanillol blue, brompravanillol blue, paravanillolphthalein, and paravanillolphthalein), moisture/water indicators (e.g., hydrochromic inks or colorless dyes) or thermochromic inks, where the ink changes color as the temperature increases and/or decreases. Suitable colorants include, but are not limited to, triphenylmethane dyes; azo dyes; anthraquinone dyes; perylene dyes; indigo dyes; food, drug, and cosmetic (FD&C) colorants, organic pigments, inorganic pigments, or combinations thereof. Examples of colorants include, but are not limited to, FD&C Red #40; Red #3; FD&C Black #3; Black #2; Mica-based Pearlescent Pigment; FD&C Yellow #6; Green #3; Titanium Dioxide (Food Grade); Gloss Black; and combinations thereof. Additional examples of suitable colorants can be found in US Patent No. 5,002,789, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Other embodiments may include one or more fragrances in the nonwoven substrates or fabrics, foams and/or films of the present invention. As used herein, the term "fragrance" refers to any applicable material having sufficient volatility to impart a fragrance. Embodiments that include a fragrance may include a fragrance that smells pleasant, or alternatively a fragrance that is offensive to humans, animals, and/or insects. Suitable fragrances include but are not limited to fruity scents including but not limited to lemon, apple, cherry, grape, pear, pineapple, orange, strawberry, raspberry, musk and floral scents including but not limited to lavender, rose, iris and the like. Fragrances are fragrances that are not also flavorings, as the case may be. Other fragrances include herbal fragrances including, but not limited to, rosemary, thyme, and sage; and woodland fragrances derived from pine, spruce, and other forest scents. Fragrances may also be derived from various oils, including but not limited to essential oils, or from plant materials including but not limited to peppermint, spearmint, and the like. Suitable sesame oils can be found in US Patent No. 6,458,754, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Suitable essential oils include, but are not limited to, 4-(2,2,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)-2-en-4-one, acetaldehyde phenethylpropyl acetal, 2,6, 10-Trimethyl-9-undecenal, 2-propenyl hexanoate, 1-octen-3-ol, trans-anethole, (z)-2-methyl-2-butenoic acid iso Butyl ester, anisaldehyde diethyl acetal, 3-methyl-5-propyl-cyclohexen-1-one, 2,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde, trans -4-decenal, decanal, 2-pentylcyclopentanone, ethyl anthranilate, eugenol, 3-(3-isopropylphenyl) butanol, 2-octanoic acid methyl ester, iso Eugenol, cis-3-hexenyl methyl carbonate, linalool, methyl-2-nonynoate (nonynonate), 2-hydroxymethyl benzoate, nonal, octanal, 2 - Nonenenitrile, 4-nonalactone, 9-decen-1-ol and 10-undecen-1-al. Suitable fragrances are also found in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,534,981; 5,112,688; 5,145,842; 6,844,302; and Perfumes Cosmetics and Soaps, 2nd Edition, 1959, edited by W. A. Poucher, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety way incorporated. These fragrances include gum arabic, acacia, primrose, cyclamen, fern, gardenia, hawthorn, heliotrope, honeysuckle, hyacinth, jasmine, snow green, lily, magnolia, mimosa, narcissus, Cut hay, orange blossom, orchid, mignonette, sweet pea, clover, tuberose, vanilla, violet, cinnamon and the like, or any combination thereof.

Fragrances may comprise fragrances. Fragrances may include pure fragrances, encapsulated fragrances, or mixtures thereof. In example embodiments, the fragrance comprises pure fragrance. A portion of the fragrance can be encapsulated in a core-shell package. In other embodiments, the fragrance will not be encapsulated in a core/shell package.

As used herein, the term "perfume" encompasses perfume raw materials (PRMs) and perfume tuners. As used herein, the term "perfume raw material" refers to a compound having a molecular weight of at least about 100 g/mol and which is suitable for imparting an odor, fragrance, essence or fragrance, alone or in combination with other perfume raw materials. As used herein, the terms "perfume ingredient" and "perfume raw material" are interchangeable. The term "accord" as used herein refers to a mixture of two or more PRMs. In example embodiments, any of a fragrance tuner, a fragrance raw material, or a fragrance may be contained within a microcapsule, referred to as a "perfume microcapsule" as used herein.

Typical PRMs include alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ethers, nitrites and alkenes, such as terpenes, among others. Lists of common PRMs can be found in various reference sources such as "Perfume and Flavor Chemicals" Volumes I and II; Steffen Arctander Allured Pub. Co. (1994) and "Perfumes: Art, Science and Technology" Miller, P. M. and Lamparsky, D., Blackie Academic and Professional (1994). PRM is characterized by its boiling point (B.P.) measured at normal pressure (760 mm Hg) and its octanol/water partition coefficient (P). Based on these characteristics, PRMs can be classified as Quadrant I, Quadrant II, Quadrant III or Quadrant IV fragrances.

In example embodiments, the nonwoven, foam, and/or film may include an exfoliating agent. In example embodiments, the exfoliant may comprise a chemical exfoliant or a mechanical exfoliant. Mechanical exfoliants suitable for use herein include, but are not limited to, apricot shells, sugar, oats, salt, silica, diatomaceous earth, clay, aluminum hydrate, PVOH microbeads, pumice, or combinations thereof. Chemical exfoliants suitable for use herein include, but are not limited to, alpha hydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids, enzymes, salicylic acid, glycolic acid, citric acid, malic acid, or combinations thereof.

In certain embodiments, aversion agents, surfactants, colorants, enzymes, skin care agents, degreasers, cosmetics, or combinations thereof are encapsulated to allow for controlled release. Suitable microcapsules may comprise or be made from one or more of the following: melamine formaldehyde, polyurethane, urea formaldehyde, chitosan, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, poly Glycerin, polytetrahydrofuran, gelatin, gum arabic, starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, arabinogalactan, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, ethyl Cellulose, polyethylene, polymethacrylate, polyamide, poly(ethylene vinyl acetate), nitrocellulose, polysilicone, poly(lactide-co-glycolide), paraffin, palm wax, whale Waxes, beeswax, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, shellac, cellulose acetate phthalate, zein, and combinations thereof. In one type of embodiment, the microcapsules are characterized, for example, by an average particle size (eg, Dv50) of at least about 0.1 microns, or in the range of about 0.1 microns to about 200 microns. In alternative embodiments, the microcapsules may form agglomerates of individual particles, eg, wherein the individual particles have an average particle size of at least about 0.1 microns, or in the range of about 0.1 microns to about 200 microns. Soluble Fiber

Water-soluble fibers include fibers and/or fiber-forming materials made of any material that, when provided as the only resin in a film or foam, or as the only fiber-forming material in a non-woven fabric, Films, foams or nonwovens dissolve in 300 seconds or less at a temperature of 80°C or less as measured by MSTM-205. Water soluble fibers may comprise a single water soluble polymer or a blend of water soluble polymers. Suitable water-soluble polymers include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol homopolymers; polyvinyl alcohol copolymers; modified polyvinyl alcohol copolymers; polyacrylates; water-soluble acrylate copolymers; Diimine; pullulan; water-soluble natural polymers, including but not limited to guar gum, acacia gum, sanxian gum, carrageenan and starch; water-soluble polymer derivatives, including but not limited to modified Starches, ethoxylated starches and hydroxypropylated starches; copolymers of the foregoing and combinations of any of the foregoing. Other water-soluble fibers may include: polyoxyalkylene, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid and its salts, cellulose, cellulose ether, cellulose ester, cellulose amide, polyvinyl acetate, polycarboxylic acid and its salt , polyamino acid, polyamide, gelatin, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and its salts, dextrin, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, malt Dextrin, polymethacrylate, and combinations of any of the foregoing. In example embodiments, the water soluble fibers may comprise PVOH copolymer fiber-forming materials, modified PVOH copolymer fiber-forming materials, or combinations thereof. In example embodiments, the water soluble fibers may comprise a sole PVOH copolymer fiber-forming material or a blend of PVOH copolymer fiber-forming materials. In an example embodiment, the water soluble fiber may include a hot water soluble PVOH copolymer fiber forming material. In other embodiments, the water soluble fiber may comprise a PVOH copolymer fiber forming material having a viscosity in the range of 5 cP to 23 cP and a degree of hydrolysis in the range of 86% to 92%.

In example embodiments, the water soluble fiber may comprise active cleaning formulations and/or adjuvants as described above. In example embodiments, the water soluble fiber may be substantially free of active cleaning formulations and/or adjuvants as described above. In example embodiments, the water soluble fiber may comprise a plasticizer as described above. The total amount of anhydrous plasticizer provided in the water-soluble fibers may range from about 1% by weight to about 45% by weight, or from about 5% by weight to about 45% by weight, or from about 10% by weight to about 40% by weight, or about 20% by weight to about 30% by weight, about 1% by weight to about 4% by weight, or about 1.5% by weight to about 3.5% by weight, or about 2.0% by weight to about 3.0% by weight, for example about 1 % by weight, about 2.5% by weight, about 5% by weight, about 10% by weight, about 15% by weight, about 20% by weight, about 25% by weight, about 30% by weight, about 35% by weight, or about 40% by weight. In an example embodiment, the water soluble fiber includes glycerin, sorbitol, or a combination thereof. In an example embodiment, the water soluble fiber includes glycerin. In an example embodiment, the water soluble fiber includes sorbitol. In certain embodiments, the water soluble fiber can comprise glycerin, eg, about 10% by weight based on the total fiber weight, and sorbitol, eg, about 5% by weight, based on the total fiber weight.

In example embodiments, the water soluble fiber may comprise a surfactant as described above. In various embodiments, the amount of surfactant in the water soluble fiber is from about 0.01% to about 2.5% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 2.5% by weight, from about 1.0% to about 2.0% by weight, from about 0.01% by weight to 0.25% by weight or about 0.10% to 0.20% by weight.

In example embodiments, any of the active cleaning formulations and/or adjuvants disclosed herein may be added to the fibers of the present invention. In an optimization of the foregoing embodiments, the active cleaning formulation and/or adjuvants may be added to the fiber-forming material prior to forming the fibers, so that the adjuvants are dispersed in the fibers. Additionally, and/or in the alternative, active cleaning formulations and/or adjuvants can be added to the surface of the fibers (eg, dispersed on the fibers) after the fibers are formed.

When the colorant is included in the water-soluble fiber, it may be provided in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the polymer mixture, such as 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18% , 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23% and 24%. insoluble fiber

Water-insoluble fibers include fibers and/or fiber-forming materials made of any material that, when provided as the only film-forming material in a film or as the only fiber-forming material in a non-woven fabric or foam , the film, non-woven fabric or foam does not dissolve in 300 seconds or less at a temperature of 80° C. or less as measured by MSTM-205. The water-insoluble fibers may comprise a sole water-insoluble polymeric fiber-forming material or a blend of water-insoluble polymeric fiber-forming materials. Suitable water-insoluble fibers and/or water-insoluble fiber-forming materials include, but are not limited to, cotton, polyester, polyethylene (such as high-density polyethylene and low-density polyethylene), polypropylene, wood pulp, fluff pulp, banana Hemp, rayon, polylactic acid, polyester, nylon 6, insoluble cellulose, insoluble starch, hemp, jute, flax, ramie, sisal, bagasse, banana fiber, lacebark, silk , tendon, gut, wool, seaweed fiber, mohair, angora, cashmere, collagen, actin, nylon, dacron, rayon, bamboo fiber, Modal, diacetate, triacetate and combinations thereof. In example embodiments, the water-insoluble fiber-forming material and/or water-insoluble fibers include one or more of the following group: cotton, hemp, jute, flax, ramie, sisal, bagasse, banana, flower Bark, Silk, Tendon, Gut, Wool, Seaweed Fiber, Angora Goat Hair, Angora, Cashmere Cashmere, Collagen, Actin, Nylon, Polyester, Rayon, Bamboo, Modal, Diacetate, Triethyl Ester fibers or combinations thereof.

In example embodiments, the water-insoluble fiber may contain adjuvants as described above. In example embodiments, the water-insoluble fiber may be substantially free of adjuvants as described above. In example embodiments, the water-insoluble fiber may include a plasticizer as described above. The total amount of anhydrous plasticizer provided in the water-insoluble fibers may range from about 1% by weight to about 45% by weight, or from about 5% by weight to about 45% by weight, or from about 10% by weight to About 40% by weight, or about 20% by weight to about 30% by weight, about 1% by weight to about 4% by weight, or about 1.5% by weight to about 3.5% by weight, or about 2.0% by weight to about 3.0% by weight, for example about 1 wt%, about 2.5 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, or about 40 wt%. In an example embodiment, the water-insoluble fiber includes glycerin, sorbitol, or a combination thereof. In an example embodiment, the water-insoluble fiber includes glycerin. In an example embodiment, the water-insoluble fiber includes sorbitol. In certain embodiments, the water-insoluble fiber may comprise a plasticizer, such as glycerin, eg, about 10% by weight based on the total fiber weight, and sorbitol, eg, about 5% by weight, based on the total fiber weight.

In example embodiments, the water-insoluble fiber may comprise a surfactant as described above. In various embodiments, the amount of surfactant in the water soluble fiber is from about 0.01% to about 2.5% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 2.5% by weight, from about 1.0% to about 2.0% by weight, from about 0.01% by weight to 0.25% by weight or about 0.10% to 0.20% by weight.

In example embodiments, any of the adjuvants disclosed herein may be added to the fibers of the present invention. In an optimized version of the foregoing embodiments, the fiber-forming material can be added before the fiber is formed, so that the auxiliary agent can be added to the surface of the fiber after the fiber is formed. In an optimized solution of the above embodiment, the auxiliary agent can be added to the surface of the fiber after the fiber is formed.

When the colorant is included in the water-insoluble fiber, it may be provided in an amount of 0.01% to 25% by weight of the polymer mixture, such as 0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% by weight of the polymer mixture , 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18 %, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23% and 24%. Non-woven fabric or non-woven substrate

The nonwoven fabric or nonwoven substrate of the present invention may be water soluble, water insoluble, or at least partially water insoluble. The unit dose articles of the present invention may comprise a nonwoven fabric, wherein at least a portion of the nonwoven fabric is soluble in water at a temperature in the range of about 0°C to about 20°C according to MSTM-205, or at least a portion of the nonwoven fabric is soluble in water according to MSTM-205. MSTM-205 is insoluble in water at 20°C or less, or non-woven fabric is insoluble in water at 20°C or less according to MSTM-205, or non-woven fabric is insoluble in water according to MSTM-205 at about 0 Soluble in water at temperatures ranging from 10°C to about 20°C. It should be understood that "at least a portion" of the nonwoven fabric is soluble (or insoluble) at a given temperature if the nonwoven fabric is comprised of a plurality of fibers that are one of the fibers provided in the nonwoven fabric. A fiber type that is the only fiber type from which a nonwoven fabric is soluble (or insoluble) at a given temperature according to MSTM-205.

The non-woven fabric of the present invention contains a plurality of fibers. Non-woven fabric means an arrangement of fibers bonded to each other in which the fibers are neither woven nor knitted. The plurality of fibers can be arranged in any orientation. In an example embodiment, the plurality of fibers are randomly arranged (ie, have no orientation). In an example embodiment, the plurality of fibers are arranged in a unidirectional orientation. In an example embodiment, the plurality of fibers are arranged in a bi-directional orientation. In some embodiments, the plurality of fibers are multidirectional, having different arrangements in different regions of the nonwoven fabric.

The plurality of fibers in any given nonwoven fabric can comprise any of the fiber-forming materials disclosed herein. The nonwoven fabric may comprise (1) a single fiber type comprising a single fiber-forming material, (2) a single fiber type comprising a blend of fiber-forming materials, (3) a blend of fiber types, each fiber type comprising a single fiber Forming material, (4) a blend of fiber types, each fiber type comprising a blend of fiber forming materials, or (5) a blend of fiber types, each fiber type comprising a single fiber forming material or a blend of fiber forming materials compound. In example embodiments comprising a blend of fiber types, the different fiber types may differ in one or more of the following group: length to diameter ratio (L/D), tenacity, shape, stiffness, elasticity , Solubility, Melting Point, Glass Transition Temperature (T _g ), Fiber Forming Material Chemistry and Color. In certain embodiments, the plurality of fibers may include two or more types of water soluble fibers. In example embodiments, the plurality of fibers may include at least one fiber type including at least one type of water-soluble fiber-forming material and at least one fiber type including at least one type of water-insoluble fiber. In example embodiments, the plurality of fibers may include two or more fiber types including at least one type of water-insoluble fiber-forming material.

In example embodiments, the nonwoven fabric may further comprise any active cleaning formulation and/or adjuvant as disclosed herein for the fibers and/or films. In example embodiments, the adjuvant may be added to the fibers themselves during the carding of the nonwoven, to the nonwoven, the active cleaning formulation and/or the adjuvant to the nonwoven prior to bonding (e.g., after carding). Woven fabric, added to non-woven fabric after bonding, or a combination thereof. Active cleaning formulations and/or adjuvants added to the fibers during carding can be distributed throughout the nonwoven fabric. Active cleaning formulations and/or adjuvants added to the nonwoven after carding but before bonding may optionally be added to one or both sides of the nonwoven.

The active cleaning formulation and/or adjuvant may be applied to one or more sides or surfaces of the nonwoven fabric or to an article containing it (eg, a packet) by any suitable means. In example embodiments, the active cleaning formulations and/or adjuvants are in powder form. In a refinement of the above embodiment, one or more stationary powder spray guns are used to direct the powder flow from one or more directions towards the fabric while the fabric is transported through the coating zone by means of a belt conveyor. In an example embodiment, the fabric or packet is conveyed through a suspension of powder in air. In an example embodiment, the fabric is tumble mixed with the powder in a trough apparatus. In an example embodiment, which can be combined with any of the other embodiments, electrostatic forces are used to enhance the attractive force between the powder and the fabric. This type of process can be based on negatively charging powder particles and directing these charged particles to a grounded fabric. In other alternative embodiments, the powder is applied to the fabric by an auxiliary transfer tool including, but not limited to, a rotating brush in contact with the powder or by a powder glove that can transfer the powder from a container to the fabric. In yet another embodiment, the powder is applied by dissolving or suspending the powder in an anhydrous solvent or vehicle, which is then atomized and sprayed onto the fabric. In one embodiment, the solvent or carrier is then evaporated, leaving behind a powder of the active agent. In certain embodiments, the powder is applied to the fabric in precise doses. These embodiments utilize a closed system dry lubricant application mechanism, such as PekuTECH's Powder Applicator PM 700D. In this process, the powder is fed into the feed chute of the application mechanism either batchwise or continuously as the case may be. The fabric is transferred from the output belt of a standard drum bag machine to the conveyor belt of a powder applicator where a controlled dose of powder is applied to the fabric. Thereafter, the fabric can be sent to a suitable encapsulation process.

In example embodiments where the adjuvant is in liquid form or in solution, the foregoing may be dispersed between fibers, on the face or surface of a nonwoven fabric, or a combination thereof, such as by spin casting; spraying the solution, such as an aerosol solution; roll coating; flow coating; curtain coating; extrusion; knife coating; and combinations thereof.

In example embodiments, active cleansing formulations and/or adjuvants, such as chemical exfoliants, mechanical exfoliants, fragrances and/or fragrance microcapsules, aversion agents, surfactants, colorants, enzymes, skin care Agents, degreasers, cosmetics, or combinations thereof (when present in a nonwoven fabric), in an amount of at least about 1% by weight or in an amount ranging from about 1% by weight to about 99% by weight, provide additional functionality to the nonwoven fabric . Chemical exfoliants, mechanical exfoliants, fragrance and/or fragrance microcapsules, repellant agents, surfactants, colorants, enzymes, skin care agents, degreasers, cosmetics, or combinations thereof may take any desired form, Contains are in the form of solids (eg powders, granules, crystals, flakes or strips), liquids, emulsions, pastes, gases, etc., and optionally encapsulated.

In example embodiments, the nonwoven fabric may be coloured, tinted and/or dyed to provide improved aesthetics relative to water soluble films. Colorants suitable for use in non-woven fabrics may include indicating dyes, such as pH indicators (e.g., paravanillol blue, bromeovanillol blue, paravanillolphthalein, and paravanillolphthalein), moisture/water indicators (e.g., heat Color-shifting inks or leuco dyes) or thermochromic inks, in which the ink changes color as the temperature increases and/or decreases. Suitable colorants include, but are not limited to, triphenylmethane dyes; azo dyes; anthraquinone dyes; perylene dyes; indigo dyes; food, drug, and cosmetic (FD&C) colorants, organic pigments, inorganic pigments, or combinations thereof. Examples of colorants include, but are not limited to, FD&C Red #40; Red #3; FD&C Black #3; Black #2; Mica-based Pearlescent Pigment; FD&C Yellow #6; Green #3; Titanium Dioxide (Food Grade); Gloss Black; and combinations thereof.

In example embodiments, the nonwoven fabric may include any of the surfactants disclosed herein. In an example embodiment, the nonwoven fabric may include one or more of the following group: sodium cocoyl isethionate, dextrose tarn, phenamide, cola lipid, cocamide ( Such as cocamide ethanolamine), ethylene oxide surfactants and saponified oils of avocado and palm.

The nonwoven fabric of the present invention can be of any thickness. Suitable thicknesses may include, but are not limited to, about 5 microns (µm) to about 10,000 µm (1 cm), about 5 µm to about 5,000 µm, about 5 µm to about 1,000 µm, about 5 µm to about 500 µm, about 200 µm to about 500 µm, about 5 µm to about 200 µm, about 20 µm to about 100 µm, or about 40 µm to about 90 µm, or about 50 µm to 80 µm, or about 60 µm to 65 µm, for example 50 µm, 65 µm, 76 µm or 88 µm. The nonwoven fabrics of the present invention can be characterized as high loft or low loft. Loft refers to the ratio of thickness to mass per unit area (ie, basis weight). High loft nonwoven fabrics can be characterized by a high ratio of thickness to mass per unit area. As used herein, "high loft" means that the nonwoven fabric of the present invention has a basis weight as defined herein and a thickness in excess of 200 µm. The thickness of a nonwoven fabric can be determined according to ASTM D5729-97, ASTM D5736, and/or ISO 9073-2:1995, and can include, for example, subjecting the nonwoven fabric to a load of 2 N and measuring the thickness. High loft materials can be used according to methods known in the art such as cross lapping, which uses a cross-laying machine to fold the unbonded fabric over itself to create high loft and basis weight. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the solubility of nonwoven fabrics does not depend on the thickness of the fabric, in contrast to water soluble films where the solubility of the film may depend on the thickness of the film. In this regard, it is believed that the parameter limiting the access of water to the fibers, and thus the solubility of the fibers, is the basis weight (i.e. , fiber density in non-woven fabrics).

In general, the dynamic coefficient of friction and the ratio of the static coefficient of friction to the dynamic coefficient of friction of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention will be lower than the dynamic coefficient of friction and the ratio of the static coefficient of friction to the dynamic coefficient of friction of the water soluble film. The surface roughness of the fabric is increased relative to the water soluble film, which provides reduced surface contact with the nonwoven fabric. Advantageously, this surface roughness can provide consumers with an improved feel (i.e., a cloth-like feel rather than a rubbery feel), improved aesthetics (i.e., less gloss than water-soluble films), and/or facilitate The processability of drawing the fabric along the surface of the processing equipment/die may be required. Thus, in example embodiments, the water-soluble fibers and/or the water-insoluble fibers are thick enough to provide surface roughness to the resulting nonwoven fabric but not so rough as to create resistance.

The solubility in water of the nonwoven fabrics of the present invention varies with the type of fibers used to make the fabric and the basis weight of the fabric. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the solubility profile of the nonwoven fabric follows the same solubility profile of the fibers used to make the nonwoven fabric, and that the solubility profile of the fibers generally follows the same solubility profile of the polymer from which the fibers are made. For example, for a nonwoven fabric comprising PVOH fibers, the degree of hydrolysis of the PVOH polymer can be selected such that the water solubility of the nonwoven fabric is also affected. As the degree of hydrolysis of a PVOH polymer increases from partial hydrolysis (88% DH) to complete hydrolysis (≥98% DH) at a given temperature, the water solubility of the polymer generally decreases. Thus, in example embodiments, the nonwoven fabric may be cold water soluble. For co-poly(vinyl acetate vinyl alcohol) polymers that do not contain any other monomers (e.g. not copolymerized with anionic monomers), cold water soluble fabrics that are soluble in water at temperatures less than 10°C may include the degree of hydrolysis In the range of about 75% to about 90%, or in the range of about 75% to about 89%, or in the range of about 80% to about 90%, or in the range of about 85% to about 90%, or in about PVOH fibers in the range of 90% to about 99.5%. In other example embodiments, the nonwoven fabric may be hot water soluble. For example, for a co-poly(vinyl acetate vinyl alcohol) polymer that does not include any other monomers (e.g., not copolymerized with an anionic monomer), by including PVOH fibers with a degree of hydrolysis of at least about 98%, The hot water soluble fabric is soluble in water at a temperature of at least about 60°C.

Modification of PVOH polymers generally increases the solubility of PVOH polymers. Therefore, it is expected that at a given temperature, the solubility of a nonwoven fabric or film prepared from a modified PVOH polymer will be higher than that of a nonwoven fabric or film prepared from a PVOH copolymer having the same degree of hydrolysis as the modified PVOH copolymer. Solubility of the membrane. Following these trends, nonwovens can be engineered with specific dissolution characteristics by incorporating polymers within the fibers and/or fibers within the nonwoven. Additionally, as described herein, nonwoven fabrics comprise a plurality of fibers, which in some cases may comprise two or more fiber types that differ in solubility.

The inclusion of water-insoluble fibers and/or water-insoluble fiber-forming materials among the plurality of fibers in the nonwoven fabric can also be used to engineer nonwoven fabrics with specific solubility and/or extended release characteristics. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that as the weight percentage of water-insoluble fibers contained in the nonwoven fabric increases (based on the total weight of the nonwoven fabric), the solubility of the nonwoven fabric generally decreases and includes the nonwoven fabric's The extended release properties of the sachets are usually increased. Upon contact with water at or above the solubility temperature of the water soluble fibers, a nonwoven fabric comprising both water soluble fibers and water insoluble fibers will begin to disperse as the water soluble fibers dissolve, thereby breaking down the fabric structure and/or increase the pore size of the non-woven fabric. The more the fabric-like structure breaks down or the pore size increases, the faster the active cleansing formulation will be released. Similarly, extended release of the active cleaning formulations in the nonwoven fabrics of the present invention can be achieved by using blends of water soluble fibers having different solubility characteristics and/or different solubility temperatures. Once the soluble fibers dissolve faster, thereby breaking the fabric, the less soluble fibers will have a greater exposed surface area, thereby facilitating dissolution of the less soluble fibers and release of the active cleaning formulation. In example embodiments in which the nonwoven fabric includes water-soluble fibers and water-insoluble fibers, the ratio of soluble fibers to water-insoluble fibers is not particularly limited. The water soluble fiber can comprise about 1% to about 99% by weight, about 20% to about 80% by weight, about 40% to about 90% by weight, about 50% to about 90% by weight of the total weight of the plurality of fibers % or about 60% by weight to about 90% by weight, and the insoluble fiber can account for about 1% by weight to about 99% by weight, about 20% by weight to about 80% by weight, about 10% by weight to about 60 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 50 wt%, or about 10 wt% to about 40 wt%. In an example embodiment, the plurality of fibers includes from about 10% to about 80% by weight water-soluble fiber, with the balance being water-insoluble fiber, based on the total weight of the fibers.

In example embodiments, nonwoven fabrics, fibers, foams, water soluble films, or combinations thereof disclosed herein may include biodegradable polymers. In certain embodiments, the plurality of fibers may comprise a non-biodegradable water-insoluble fiber-forming material. In an example embodiment, the plurality of fibers may include a first fiber that is a water-insoluble biodegradable fiber, and a second fiber that is soluble in Insoluble in water, or at about 30°C according to MSTM-205, or at lower temperatures according to MSTM-205. In example embodiments, the nonwoven fabric is water insoluble and biodegradable.

In example embodiments, the nonwoven fabric is biodegradable. As used herein, when a nonwoven fabric is said to be biodegradable, at least 50% of the nonwoven fabric is biodegradable, such as at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90% of the nonwoven fabric Or 100% biodegradable.

A non-woven fabric as disclosed herein may include a plurality of fibers including a first fiber type and a second fiber type, wherein the first and second fiber types are different in diameter, length, tenacity, shape, rigidity, There are differences in elasticity, solubility, melting point, glass transition temperature ( _Tg ), chemical composition, color, or combinations thereof. In an example embodiment, the first fiber type may include a PVOH homopolymer fiber-forming material, a PVOH copolymer fiber-forming material, a modified PVOH copolymer fiber-forming material, or combinations thereof. In example embodiments, the first fiber type may include two or more PVOH homopolymer fiber-forming materials, two or more PVOH copolymer fiber-forming materials, PVOH copolymer fiber-forming materials, or combinations thereof. In an example embodiment, the second fiber type may include a PVOH homopolymer fiber-forming material, a PVOH copolymer fiber-forming material, a PVOH copolymer fiber-forming material, or combinations thereof. In example embodiments, the second fiber type may comprise two or more PVOH homopolymer fiber forming materials, two or more PVOH copolymer fiber forming materials, two or more modified PVOH copolymer A fiber forming material or combination thereof. In an example embodiment, the first fiber type and/or the second fiber type is a water-insoluble fiber-forming material. In an example embodiment, the first fiber type may comprise a water-insoluble polymer fiber-forming material; and the second fiber type may comprise a polyvinyl alcohol fiber-forming material in the form of the sole fiber-forming material of a non-woven fabric or in When provided in film form, the resulting fabric or film is soluble in water at temperatures ranging from about 0°C to about 20°C according to MSTM-205. In an example embodiment, the first fiber type may comprise a water-insoluble polymer fiber-forming material; and the second fiber type may comprise a PVOH homopolymer or copolymer fiber-forming material formed with the sole fibers of a non-woven fabric When supplied as a material or as a film, the resulting fabric or film is insoluble in water at temperatures of 20°C or less according to MSTM-205. In an example embodiment, the first fiber type includes two or more polyvinyl alcohol copolymer fiber-forming materials, two or more modified polyvinyl alcohol copolymer fiber-forming materials, or polyvinyl alcohol copolymer fibers Combination of forming material and modified polyvinyl alcohol copolymer fiber forming material. In example embodiments, the second fiber type includes two or more polyvinyl alcohol copolymer fiber-forming materials, two or more modified polyvinyl alcohol copolymer fiber-forming materials, or polyvinyl alcohol copolymer fibers Combination of forming material and modified polyvinyl alcohol copolymer fiber forming material.

The plurality of fibers included in the nonwoven fabric of the present invention may have any tenacity. The tenacity of the fiber is related to the thickness of the fiber. As the tenacity of the fiber decreases, the coarseness of the fiber increases. The tenacity of the fibers used to make the nonwoven fabrics of the present invention may range from about 1 to about 100 cN/dtex, or from about 1 to about 75 cN/dtex, or from about 1 to about 50 cN/dtex, or from about 1 to about 45 cN/dtex, or about 1 to about 40 cN/dtex, or about 1 to about 35 cN/dtex, or about 1 to about 30 cN/dtex, or about 1 to about 25 cN/dtex, or about 1 to about 20 cN/dtex, or about 1 to about 15 cN/dtex, or about 1 to about 10 cN/dtex, or about 3 to about 8 cN/dtex, or about 4 to about 8 cN/dtex, or about 6 to about 8 cN/dtex, or about 4 to about 7 cN/dtex, or about 10 to about 20, or about 10 to about 18, or about 10 to about 16, or about 1 cN/dtex, about 2 cN/dtex , about 3 cN/dtex, about 4 cN/dtex, about 5 cN/dtex, about 6 cN/dtex, about 7 cN/dtex, about 8 cN/dtex, about 9 cN/dtex, about 10 cN/dtex, about 11 cN/dtex, about 12 cN/dtex, about 13 cN/dtex, about 14 cN/dtex, or about 15 cN/dtex. In example embodiments, the tenacity of the plurality of fibers may range from about 3 cN/dtex to about 15 cN/dtex or from about 5 cN/dtex to about 12 cN/dtex or from about 5 cN/dtex to about 10 cN/dtex Inside.

The tenacity of the nonwoven fabric may be the same or different than the tenacity of the plurality of fibers used to make the fabric. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the tenacity of the nonwoven fabric is related to the strength of the nonwoven fabric, with high tenacity providing high strength to the nonwoven fabric. The tenacity of nonwoven fabrics can be modified by using fibers with different tenacities. The tenacity of nonwoven fabrics can also be affected by processing. The non-woven fabric of the present invention has a relatively high tenacity, ie the non-woven fabric is a self-supporting fabric that can be used as the only material for making articles and/or pouches. In contrast, nonwoven fabrics prepared according to meltblowing, electrospinning, and/or rotary spinning processes may have low tenacity and may not be self-supporting or capable of being used as the only fabric used to form an article or pouch .

The fibers used to make the nonwoven fabrics of this invention can be of any fineness. The fineness of the fibers is related to how many fibers are present in the cross-section of a yarn of a given thickness. The fineness of fibers can be measured by linear mass density, a measure of the ratio of fiber mass per unit length. The main physical unit of linear mass density is 1 tex, which is equal to 1000 m of fiber weighing 1 g. Use the unit dtex, which means 1 g/10,000 m of fiber. The linear mass density can be selected to provide a nonwoven fabric with suitable stiffness/handle, torsional stiffness, reflection and interaction with light, absorption of dyes and/or other active agents/additives, in-process The simplicity of fiber spinning and the uniformity of the final product. As the linear mass density of fibers increases, nonwovens produced therefrom exhibit higher uniformity, improved tensile strength, elongation, and gloss. Additionally, without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that based on density, finer fibers will result in slower dissolution times compared to larger fibers. Furthermore, without intending to be bound by theory, when a blend of fiber types is used, the average linear mass density can be determined using a weighted average of the individual fiber types. Fibers can be characterized as very fine (dtex ≤ 1.22), fine (1.22 ≤ dtex ≤ 1.54), medium (1.54 ≤ dtex ≤ 1.93), slightly coarse (1.93 ≤ dtex ≤ 2.32), and coarse (dtex ≥ 2.32). The nonwoven fabrics of the present invention may contain fibers that are very fine, fine, medium, slightly coarse, or combinations thereof. In example embodiments, the nonwoven fabric has an average linear mass density in the range of about 1 dtex to about 5 dtex, or about 1 dtex to about 3 dtex, or about 1.5 dtex to about 2.5 dtex. In an example embodiment, the nonwoven fabric includes a blend of fibers, wherein the first fibers include an average linear mass density of 1.7 dtex and the second fibers include an average linear mass density of 2.2 dtex.

The plurality of fibers used to make the nonwoven fabrics of the present invention have diameters ranging from about 10 microns to 300 microns, for example, at least 10 microns, at least 25 microns, at least 50 microns, at least 100 microns, or at least 125 microns and up to about 300 microns, at most about 275 microns, at most about 250 microns, at most about 225 microns, or at most about 200 microns. In example embodiments, the plurality of fibers used to make the nonwoven fabrics of the present invention can have a diameter of greater than 100 microns to about 300 microns. In example embodiments, the diameters of the plurality of fibers used to prepare the nonwoven fabrics of the present invention have a substantially uniform diameter. In example embodiments, the one or more fiber types may have an average diameter in the range of about 10 microns to about 300 microns, or about 50 microns to 200 microns, or about 50 microns to about 100 microns.

The plurality of fibers used to make the nonwoven fabric of the present invention can be of any length. In example embodiments, the plurality of fibers may have a length ranging from about 30 millimeters (mm) to about 100 mm, from about 10 mm to about 60 mm, or from about 30 mm to about 60 mm, such as at least about 30 mm, at least about 35 mm, at least about 40 mm, at least about 45 mm, or at least about 50 mm, and at most about 100 mm, at most about 95 mm, at most about 90 mm, at most about 80 mm, at most about 70 mm, or at most about 60 mm. In example embodiments, the plurality of fibers may have a length less than about 30 mm or range from about 0.25 mm to less than about 30 mm, for example, at least about 0.25 mm, at least about 0.5 mm, at least about 0.75 mm, at least about 1 mm , at least about 2.5 mm, at least about 5 mm, at least about 7.5 mm, or at least about 10 mm, and at most about 29 mm, at most about 28 mm, at most about 27 mm, at most about 26 mm, at most about 25 mm, at most about 20 mm or up to about 15 mm. In example embodiments, the average length of the fibers is from about 30 mm to about 100 mm, or from about 30 mm to about 60 mm. In an example embodiment, the nonwoven fabric includes a blend of fiber types, wherein the first fiber type includes a length of about 38 mm and the second fiber type includes a length of about 54 mm.

The plurality of fibers used to make the nonwoven fabric of the present invention can have any length to diameter (L/D) ratio. Advantageously, the feel of the nonwoven fabrics of the present invention can be controlled using the L/D ratio of the fibers in the nonwoven composition and individual amounts of fibers having various L/D ratios. As the L/D of the fiber decreases, the stiffness and resistance to bending increases, providing a rougher hand. When the fiber has a low L/D ratio in the range of about 0.5 to about 15, or about 0.5 to about 25, or about 1 to about 5, the fibers of the present invention impart a harsh feel to nonwoven fabrics (including the like) . Such low L/D fibers may range from about 0% to about 50% by weight, such as from about 0.5% to about 25% by weight or from about 1% to about 15% by weight, based on the total weight of fibers in the nonwoven fabric Amounts within the range are provided in nonwoven fabrics. If the amount of low L/D fibers in the nonwoven fabric is unknown, the amount can be estimated by visual inspection of a micrograph of the nonwoven fabric. In example embodiments in which the first fibers comprise a blend of fiber-forming materials comprising a first polyvinyl alcohol fiber-forming material, at least a portion of the first fibers may have an Or an L/D ratio of about 1 to about 5.

Pore size can be determined using high magnification and ordered surface analysis techniques including, but not limited to, Brunauer-Emmett-Taylor theory (BET), small angle [degree] X-ray scattering (SAXS), and molecular adsorption.

Nonwoven fabrics can be characterized by basis weight. The basis weight of a nonwoven fabric is the mass per unit area of the nonwoven fabric. Basis weight can be modified by changing manufacturing conditions, as is known in the art. The nonwoven fabric can have the same basis weight before and after bonding. Alternatively, the bonding method can vary the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric. For example, where bonding occurs through the application of heat and pressure, the thickness of the nonwoven (and thus, the area of the nonwoven) can be reduced, thereby increasing the basis weight. Thus, as used herein and unless otherwise specified, the basis weight of a nonwoven refers to the basis weight of the nonwoven after bonding.

The ^{non - woven} fabric ^of the present invention may ^{have an} , about 1 g/m ² to about 400 g/m ² , about 1 g/m ² to about 300 g/m ² , about 1 g/m ² to about 200 g/m ² , about 1 g/m ² to about about 100 g/m ² , about 30 g/m ² to about 100 g/m ² , about 20 g/m ² to about 100 g/m 2 , about 20 g/ ^{m 2 to} about 80 g/m ² or about Any basis weight in the range of 25 g/m ² to about 70 g/m ² .

Furthermore, as the basis weight of the fabric increases, the dissolution rate of the fabric decreases because there is more material to dissolve, limited by keeping the fiber composition and fabric thickness constant. For example, at a given temperature, it is expected that a water-soluble fabric prepared from fibers comprising PVOH polymers and having a basis weight of, for example, 40 g/ ^m2 dissolves into another identical water-soluble fabric having a basis weight of, for example, 30 g/ ^m2 . Sex fabrics are slow. Thus, basis weight can also be used to modify the dissolution properties of nonwoven fabrics. ^{The non - woven fabric} may have ^an g/m ² to about 400 g/m ² , about 1 g/m ² to about 300 g/m ² , about 1 g/m ² to about 200 g/m ² , about 10 g/m ² to about 100 g /m ² , about 30 g/m ² to about 100 g/m ² , about 20 g/m ² to about 100 g/m ² , about 20 g/m ² to about 80 g/m ² , about 25 g/m 2 Any basis weight in the range of ^m2 to about 70 g/ ^m2 or about 40 g/ ^m2 to about 60 g/ ^m2 .

The nonwoven fabric of the present invention can be used as a single layer or can be laminated with other nonwoven fabrics, or can be in the form of a laminate with a water soluble film. In some embodiments, the nonwoven fabric comprises a single layer of nonwoven fabric. In some embodiments, the nonwoven fabric is a multilayer nonwoven fabric comprising two or more layers of nonwoven fabric. These two or more layers may be laminated to each other. In a refinement of the foregoing embodiments, two or more layers may be identical (eg, made from the same fiber and basis weight). In refinements of the above embodiments, the two or more layers may be different (eg, made of different types of fibers, fiber chemistries and/or have different basis weights).

A multi-layer nonwoven fabric may have a basis weight that is the sum of the basis weights of the individual layers. Thus, a multi-layer nonwoven fabric will take longer to dissolve than any of the individual layers provided as a single layer. water soluble foam

In example embodiments, suitable water-soluble foams comprise any suitable resin chemistry, such as copolymers, maleic anhydride (MA) modified PVOH polymers, monomethyl maleate (MMM) Modified PVOH polymer, 2-methacrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) modified PVOH, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), protein, casein , soy, or any water-dispersible or water-soluble resin. In certain embodiments, the water-soluble foam substrate has a thickness of 3 microns to 3000 microns and can be formed using any suitable manufacturing process known in the art of foam manufacturing, including but not limited to casting, extrusion, melting Handling, coating, chemical blowing, mechanical aeration, air injection, turbulent extrusion processes. The water-soluble foam substrate can be porous or non-porous and can be cold or hot water soluble. The construction of the water-soluble foam substrate may include, for example, folded layers or laminations, stacked layers or laminations, or rolled layers or laminations.

In example embodiments, the water-soluble foamable substrate may further include any adjuvants as disclosed herein for nonwoven fabrics, fibers, and/or films. The adjuvant may be applied to one or more sides of the water-soluble foam substrate or an article containing it, such as a packet, by any suitable means. In example embodiments, the adjuvant is in powder form. In an optimization of the preceding embodiments, one or more fixed powder spray guns are used to direct the powder flow from one or more than one direction to the water-soluble foamable substrate or packet, while the water-soluble foamable is transported by means of a belt conveyor. Blister substrates or packets are transported through the coating zone. In an example embodiment, the water-soluble foam substrate or packet is passed through a suspension of powder in air. In an example embodiment, the water-soluble foamable base or packets are tumble mixed with the powder in a tank-type apparatus. In an example embodiment, which can be combined with any of the other embodiments, electrostatic forces are used to enhance the attractive force between the powder and the packet or water soluble foam substrate. This type of process can be based on negatively charging powder particles and directing these charged particles to a grounded packet or water-soluble foamed substrate. In other alternative embodiments, the powder is applied to the water-soluble foam substrate or packet by means of an auxiliary transfer tool including, but not limited to, a rotating brush that comes into contact with the powder or by means that can transfer the powder from a container to the water-soluble foam. Powder gloves for substrates or packets. In yet another embodiment, the powder is applied by dissolving or suspending the powder in an anhydrous solvent or vehicle, which is then atomized and sprayed onto a water-soluble foam substrate or packet. In one embodiment, the solvent or carrier is then evaporated, leaving behind a powder of the active agent. In certain embodiments, the powder is applied to a water-soluble foamable substrate or packet in precise doses. These embodiments utilize a closed system dry lubricant application mechanism, such as PekuTECH's Powder Applicator PM 700D. In this process, the powder is fed into the feed chute of the application mechanism either batchwise or continuously as the case may be. The water soluble foam substrate or packet is transferred from the output belt of a standard drum bag machine to the conveyor belt of a powder applicator where a controlled dose of powder is applied to the water soluble foam substrate or packet. Thereafter, the water-soluble foam substrate or packet may be sent to a suitable secondary packaging process.

In example embodiments where the adjuvant is in liquid form or in solution, the foregoing may be dispersed in the water-soluble foamable substrate, dispersed on the face of the water-soluble foamable substrate, or a combination thereof, such as by spin casting; Spray solutions, such as aerosolized solutions; roll coating; flow coating; curtain coating; extrusion; knife coating;

Adjuvants, such as chemical exfoliants, mechanical exfoliants, fragrance and/or fragrance microcapsules, repellant agents, surfactants, colorants, enzymes, skin care agents, degreasers, cosmetics or combinations thereof (when present in the water-soluble foaming substrate), in an amount of at least about 1 wt. % or in an amount ranging from about 1 wt. % to about 99 wt. %, providing additional functionality to the water-soluble foaming substrate. Chemical exfoliants, mechanical exfoliants, fragrance and/or fragrance microcapsules, repellant agents, surfactants, colorants, enzymes, skin care agents, degreasers, cosmetics, or combinations thereof may take any desired form, Contains are in the form of solids (eg powders, granules, crystals, flakes or strips), liquids, emulsions, pastes, gases, etc., and optionally encapsulated.

In example embodiments, the water-soluble foam substrate can be colored, tinted, and/or dyed to provide improved aesthetics relative to water-soluble films. Coloring agents suitable for water-soluble foamable substrates may include indicator dyes such as pH indicators (e.g., paravanillol blue, bromevanillol blue, daphnellolphthalein, and daphnellolphthalein), moisture/water indicators (e.g., , thermochromic inks or leuco dyes) or thermochromic inks in which the ink changes color as the temperature increases and/or decreases. Suitable colorants include, but are not limited to, triphenylmethane dyes; azo dyes; anthraquinone dyes; perylene dyes; indigo dyes; food, drug, and cosmetic (FD&C) colorants, organic pigments, inorganic pigments, or combinations thereof. Examples of colorants include, but are not limited to, FD&C Red #40; Red #3; FD&C Black #3; Black #2; Mica-based Pearlescent Pigment; FD&C Yellow #6; Green #3; Titanium Dioxide (Food Grade); Gloss Black; and combinations thereof.

In example embodiments, the water-soluble foaming substrate may include any of the surfactants disclosed herein. In example embodiments, the water-soluble foaming substrate may include one or more of the following groups: sodium cocoyl isethionate, dextrose tarn, phenamine, cola lipid, coconut oil Amides (such as cocamide ethanolamine), ethylene oxide surfactants, and saponified oils of avocado and palm.

The water-soluble foamable substrate of the present invention may have any thickness. Suitable thicknesses may include, but are not limited to, about 5 microns (µm) to about 10,000 µm (1 cm), about 3 µm to about 5,000 µm, about 5 µm to about 1,000 µm, about 5 µm to about 500 µm, about 200 µm to about 500 µm, about 5 µm to about 200 µm, about 20 µm to about 100 µm, or about 40 µm to about 90 µm, or about 50 µm to 80 µm, or about 60 µm to 65 µm, for example 50 µm, 65 µm, 76 µm or 88 µm. The water-soluble foam substrates of the present invention can be characterized as high-loft or low-loft. Loft refers to the ratio of thickness to mass per unit area (ie, basis weight). High-loft water-soluble foam substrates can be characterized by a high ratio of thickness to mass per unit area. As used herein, "high loft" means that the water-soluble foam substrate of the present invention has a basis weight as defined herein and a thickness exceeding 200 µm. The thickness of the water-soluble foamed substrate can be measured according to ASTM D5729-97, ASTM D5736 and/or ISO 9073-2:1995, and can include, for example, subjecting the water-soluble foamed substrate to a load of 2 N and measuring the thickness. High loft materials can be used according to methods known in the art, such as cross lapping, which uses a cross-laying machine to fold the unbonded fabric over itself to create high loft and basis weight.

The dynamic coefficient of friction of the water-soluble foaming substrate of the present invention and the ratio of the static friction coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient will be lower than the ratio of the dynamic friction coefficient of the water-soluble film and the static friction coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient of the water-soluble film, which is This provides reduced surface contact with the water-soluble foamable substrate due to the increased surface roughness of the water-soluble foamable substrate relative to the water-soluble film. Advantageously, this surface roughness can provide consumers with an improved feel (i.e., a cloth-like feel rather than a rubbery feel), improved aesthetics (i.e., less gloss than water-soluble films), and/or facilitate The processability of drawing the fabric along the surface of the processing equipment/die may be required. Therefore, in example embodiments, the water-soluble fibers and/or the water-insoluble fibers should be thick enough to provide surface roughness to the resulting water-soluble foamed substrate but not be too rough to cause resistance.

The solubility of the soluble foamed substrate of the present invention in water varies with the type of fiber used to prepare the water-soluble foamed substrate and the basis weight of the water-soluble foamed substrate. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the solubility profile of the water-soluble foamable substrate follows the same solubility profile of the fibers used to make the water-soluble foamable substrate, and that the solubility profile of the fibers generally follows that of the polymer from which the fibers are made. Solubility Profile. For example, for a water-soluble foamable substrate comprising PVOH fibers, the degree of hydrolysis of the PVOH polymer can be selected such that the water solubility of the water-soluble foamable substrate is also affected. In general, as the degree of hydrolysis of a PVOH polymer increases from partial hydrolysis (88% DH) to complete hydrolysis (≥98% DH) at a given temperature, the water solubility of the polymer generally decreases. Thus, in example embodiments, the water-soluble foamable substrate may be cold water-soluble. For co-poly(vinyl acetate vinyl alcohol) polymers that do not contain any other monomers (e.g. not copolymerized with anionic monomers), cold water soluble fabrics that are soluble in water at temperatures less than 10°C may include the degree of hydrolysis In the range of about 75% to about 90%, or in the range of about 75% to about 89%, or in the range of about 80% to about 90%, or in the range of about 85% to about 90%, or in about PVOH fibers in the range of 90% to about 99.5%. In other example embodiments, the water soluble foaming substrate may be hot water soluble. For example, for a co-poly(vinyl acetate vinyl alcohol) polymer that does not include any other monomers (e.g., not copolymerized with an anionic monomer), by including PVOH fibers with a degree of hydrolysis of at least about 98%, The hot water soluble foamable substrate is soluble in water at a temperature of at least about 60°C.

Modification of PVOH copolymer increases the solubility of PVOH polymer. Therefore, it is expected that at a given temperature, the solubility of a water-soluble foamed substrate prepared from a modified PVOH copolymer will be higher than that of a water-soluble foamed substrate prepared from a PVOH copolymer having the same degree of hydrolysis as the modified PVOH copolymer. Solubility of the foam substrate. Following these trends, it is possible to design water-soluble foamed substrates with specific solubility characteristics by incorporating polymers within fibers and/or fibers within the water-soluble foamed substrates. Additionally, as described herein, the water-soluble foamable substrate comprises a plurality of fibers, which in some cases may comprise two or more fiber types differing in solubility.

The inclusion of water-insoluble fibers and/or water-insoluble fiber-forming materials in the plurality of fibers of the water-soluble foam substrate can also be used to design a water-soluble foam substrate with specific solubility and/or extended release characteristics. Not intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that as the weight percent of the non-water-soluble fiber contained in the water-soluble foaming substrate increases (in terms of the total weight of the water-soluble foaming substrate), the solubility of the water-soluble foaming substrate The extended release properties of sachets that generally decrease and include water-soluble foamed substrates generally increase. When in contact with water at or above the solubility temperature of the water-soluble fibers, the water-soluble foaming substrate including the water-soluble fibers and the water-insoluble fibers will start to disperse when the water-soluble fibers dissolve, by This breaks down the foam structure and/or increases the pore size of the pores of the water-soluble foam substrate. The greater the breakdown of the foam structure or the greater the increase in pore size, the faster water can enter the active cleansing formulation and the faster the active cleansing formulation is released. Similarly, extended release of the active cleaning formulations contained in the water-soluble foaming substrates of the present invention can be achieved by using blends of water-soluble fibers having different solubility characteristics and/or different solubility temperatures. Once the soluble fiber dissolves faster, thereby breaking the foam, the less soluble fiber will have a larger exposed surface area, thereby facilitating dissolution of the less soluble fiber and release of the active cleansing formulation. In the embodiment where the foamed substrate includes water-soluble fibers and water-insoluble fibers, the ratio of soluble fibers to water-insoluble fibers is not particularly limited. The water soluble fiber can comprise about 1% to about 99% by weight, about 20% to about 80% by weight, about 40% to about 90% by weight, about 50% to about 90% by weight of the total weight of the plurality of fibers % or about 60% by weight to about 90% by weight, and the insoluble fiber can account for about 1% by weight to about 99% by weight, about 20% by weight to about 80% by weight, about 10% by weight to about 60 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 50 wt%, or about 10 wt% to about 40 wt%. In an example embodiment, the plurality of fibers includes from about 10% to about 80% by weight water-soluble fiber, with the balance being water-insoluble fiber, based on the total weight of the fibers.

In example embodiments, nonwoven fabrics, fibers, foams, water soluble films, or combinations thereof disclosed herein may include biodegradable polymers. In certain embodiments, the plurality of fibers may comprise a non-biodegradable water-insoluble fiber-forming material. In an example embodiment, the plurality of fibers may include a first fiber that is a water-insoluble biodegradable fiber, and a second fiber that is soluble in Insoluble in water, or at about 30°C according to MSTM-205, or at lower temperatures according to MSTM-205. In example embodiments, the nonwoven fabric is water insoluble and biodegradable.

In example embodiments, the water-soluble foam substrate is biodegradable. As used herein, when the water-soluble foamed substrate is said to be biodegradable, at least 50% of the water-soluble foamed substrate is biodegradable, such as at least 60%, at least 70% of the water-soluble foamed substrate %, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100% are biodegradable.

The water-soluble foamable substrate as disclosed herein may include a plurality of fibers, the plurality of fibers including a first fiber type and a second fiber type, wherein the first and second fiber types are different in diameter, length, tenacity, shape, There are differences in rigidity, elasticity, solubility, melting point, glass transition temperature (T _g ), chemical composition, color, or combinations thereof. In an example embodiment, the first fiber type may include a PVOH homopolymer fiber-forming material, a PVOH copolymer fiber-forming material, a modified PVOH copolymer fiber-forming material, or combinations thereof. In example embodiments, the first fiber type may comprise two or more PVOH homopolymer fiber forming materials, two or more PVOH copolymer fiber forming materials, two or more modified PVOH copolymer A fiber forming material or combination thereof. In an example embodiment, the second fiber type may include a PVOH homopolymer fiber-forming material, a PVOH copolymer fiber-forming material, a modified PVOH copolymer fiber-forming material, or combinations thereof. In example embodiments, the second fiber type may comprise two or more PVOH homopolymer fiber forming materials, two or more PVOH copolymer fiber forming materials, two or more modified PVOH copolymer A fiber forming material or combination thereof. In an example embodiment, the first fiber type and/or the second fiber type is a water-insoluble fiber-forming material. In an example embodiment, the first fiber type may comprise a water-insoluble polymer fiber-forming material; and the second fiber type may comprise a polyvinyl alcohol fiber-forming material in the form of the sole fiber-forming material of a non-woven fabric or in When provided in film form, the resulting fabric or film is soluble in water at temperatures ranging from about 0°C to about 20°C according to MSTM-205. In an example embodiment, the first fiber type may comprise a water-insoluble polymer fiber-forming material; and the second fiber type may comprise a PVOH copolymer or a modified copolymer fiber-forming material in a water-soluble foamable base When provided in the form of the sole fiber-forming material of the material, the resulting water-soluble foamed substrate is insoluble in water at a temperature of 20° C. or lower according to MSTM-205. In an example embodiment, the first fiber type comprises two or more PVOH copolymer fiber-forming materials, two or more modified PVOH copolymer fiber-forming materials, or a PVOH homopolymer fiber-forming material copolymerized with PVOH A combination of fiber-forming materials. In example embodiments, the second fiber type includes two or more PVOH copolymer fiber-forming materials, two or more modified PVOH copolymer fiber-forming materials, or a combination of PVOH copolymer fiber-forming materials and modified Combination of PVOH copolymer fiber forming materials.

The plurality of fibers included in the water-soluble foamable substrate of the present invention may have any tenacity. The tenacity of the fiber is related to the thickness of the fiber. As the tenacity of the fiber decreases, the coarseness of the fiber increases. The tenacity of the fibers used to make the nonwoven fabrics of the present invention may range from about 1 to about 100 cN/dtex, or from about 1 to about 75 cN/dtex, or from about 1 to about 50 cN/dtex, or from about 1 to about 45 cN/dtex, or about 1 to about 40 cN/dtex, or about 1 to about 35 cN/dtex, or about 1 to about 30 cN/dtex, or about 1 to about 25 cN/dtex, or about 1 to about 20 cN/dtex, or about 1 to about 15 cN/dtex, or about 1 to about 10 cN/dtex, or about 3 to about 8 cN/dtex, or about 4 to about 8 cN/dtex, or about 6 to about 8 cN/dtex, or about 4 to about 7 cN/dtex, or about 10 to about 20, or about 10 to about 18, or about 10 to about 16, or about 1 cN/dtex, about 2 cN/dtex , about 3 cN/dtex, about 4 cN/dtex, about 5 cN/dtex, about 6 cN/dtex, about 7 cN/dtex, about 8 cN/dtex, about 9 cN/dtex, about 10 cN/dtex, about 11 cN/dtex, about 12 cN/dtex, about 13 cN/dtex, about 14 cN/dtex, or about 15 cN/dtex. In example embodiments, the tenacity of the plurality of fibers may range from about 3 cN/dtex to about 15 cN/dtex or from about 5 cN/dtex to about 12 cN/dtex or from about 5 cN/dtex to about 10 cN/dtex Inside.

The tenacity of the water-soluble foamable substrate can be the same or different from that of the plurality of fibers from which the fabric is made. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the tenacity of the water-soluble foamable substrate correlates with the strength of the nonwoven fabric, with high tenacity providing high strength to the nonwoven fabric. The tenacity of the water-soluble foamable substrate can be modified by using fibers with different tenacities. The toughness of water-soluble foam substrates can also be affected by processing. The water-soluble foamed substrate of the present invention has a relatively high toughness, ie, the water-soluble foamed substrate is a self-supporting substrate that can be used as the only material for making articles and/or pouches. In contrast, water-soluble foamed substrates prepared according to meltblowing, electrospinning, and/or rotary spinning processes have low tenacity and may not be self-supporting or capable of being used as a substrate for forming articles or pouches. sole substrate.

Water-soluble foamable substrates can be characterized by basis weight. The basis weight of the water-soluble foamed substrate is the mass per unit area of the water-soluble foamed substrate. Basis weight can be modified by changing manufacturing conditions, as is known in the art. The water soluble foam substrate can have the same basis weight before and after bonding. Alternatively, the bonding method can vary the basis weight of the water-soluble foamable substrate. For example, where bonding occurs through the application of heat and pressure, the thickness of the water-soluble foam substrate (and thus, the area of the water-soluble foam substrate) can be reduced, thereby increasing the basis weight. Accordingly, as used herein and unless otherwise specified, the basis weight of the water-soluble foamed substrate refers to the basis weight of the water-soluble foamed substrate after bonding.

The water-soluble foaming substrate of the present invention can have a weight of about 0.1 g/m ² to about 700 g/m ² , about 0.5 g/m ² to about 600 g/m ² , about 1 g/m ² to about 500 g /m ² , about 1 g/m ² to about 400 g/m ² , about 1 g/m ² to about 300 g/m ² , about 1 g/m 2 to about 200 g/m ² , about 1 g/m ² m ² to about 100 g/m ² , about 30 g/m ² to about 100 g/m ² , about 20 g ^/ m ² to about 100 g/m 2 , about 20 g/m ² to about 80 g/m 2 ² or any basis weight in the range of about 25 g/m ² to about 70 g/m ² .

Additionally, as the basis weight of the water-soluble foaming substrate increases, the dissolution rate of the water-soluble foaming substrate decreases because there is more material to dissolve, limited by keeping the fiber composition and fabric thickness constant. For example, at a given temperature, it is expected that a water-soluble foaming substrate prepared from fibers comprising PVOH polymers and having a basis weight of, for example, 40 g/ ^m2 dissolves other fibers having a specific basis weight of, for example, 30 g/ ^m2 . The same water-soluble fabric is slower. Thus, basis weight can also be used to modify the dissolution characteristics of the water-soluble foamable substrate. ^{The water - soluble} foaming ^base material may have ^an , about 1 g/m ² to about 400 g/m ² , about 1 g/m ² to about 300 g/m ² , about 1 g/m ² to about 200 g/m ² , about 10 g/m ² to about about 100 g/m ² , about 30 g/m ² to about 100 g/m ² , about 20 g/m ² to about 100 g/m 2 , about 20 g/ ^{m 2 to} about 80 g/m ² , about Any basis weight in the range of 25 g/m2 ^to about 70 g/ ^m2 or about 40 g/ ^m2 to about 60 g/ ^m2 .

The water-soluble foamed substrate of the present invention may be used as a single layer, or may be laminated with other water-soluble foamed substrates, or may be in the form of a laminate with a water-soluble film. In some embodiments, the water-soluble foamable substrate comprises a single layer. In some embodiments, the water-soluble foam substrate is a multilayer water-soluble foam substrate comprising two or more layers. These two or more layers may be laminated to each other. In a refinement of the foregoing embodiments, two or more layers may be identical (eg, made from the same fiber and basis weight). In refinements of the above embodiments, the two or more layers may be different (eg, made of different types of fibers, fiber chemistries and/or have different basis weights).

The multilayer water-soluble foamable substrate can have a basis weight that is the sum of the basis weights of the individual layers. Thus, a multi-layered water-soluble foamed substrate will take longer to dissolve than any of the individual layers provided as a single layer. water soluble film

The water soluble films described herein include any of the water soluble polymers disclosed herein. In example embodiments, the water soluble film of the present invention comprises polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) resin, modified polyvinyl alcohol resin, or combinations thereof. In an example embodiment, the water soluble film comprises a PVOH resin selected from the group consisting of PVOH homopolymers, PVOH copolymers, PVOH copolymers with anionic modification, and combinations of the foregoing. In example embodiments, the water soluble film may comprise a single PVOH polymer or a blend of PVOH polymers. In an example embodiment, the water soluble film includes a PVOH copolymer. In an example embodiment, the water soluble film includes a hot water soluble PVOH copolymer. In example embodiments where the nonwoven fabric includes a surfactant and/or an exfoliant, the water soluble film may include a PVOH copolymer with anionic modification. In example embodiments, the water-soluble film may include a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol copolymer or a modified copolymer that, when provided as a film of the sole film-forming material, has a temperature of about 0° C. to about Soluble in water at temperatures in the range of 20°C. In an example embodiment, the water-soluble film may comprise a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol copolymer or a modified copolymer which, when provided in the film as the sole film-forming material, is stable at 20° C. or Not water soluble at lower water temperatures according to MSTM-205.

The water soluble film may comprise other film forming polymers including but not limited to polyvinyl alcohol; water soluble acrylate copolymers; polyethylenediimine; pullulan; water soluble natural polymers including but not limited to guar gum, Gum arabic, sanxian gum, carrageenan, and starch; water-soluble polymer-modified starch; the aforementioned copolymers; or a combination of any of the aforementioned. Other water-soluble polymers may include: polyoxyalkylenes, polyacrylamides, cellulose, cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, cellulose amides, polyvinyl acetates, polycarboxylic acids and their salts, polyamino acids, Polyamide, gelatin, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and its salts, dextrin, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, maltodextrin, polymethylcellulose Acrylates or a combination of any of the foregoing. Such water soluble polymers are commercially available from a variety of sources. In example embodiments, the water soluble film may comprise a PVOH homopolymer, a PVOH copolymer, a modified PVOH copolymer, or a combination thereof. In example embodiments, the water soluble film includes a single PVOH copolymer or a blend of PVOH copolymers. In other embodiments, the water soluble film comprises a PVOH copolymer having a viscosity ranging from 5 cP to 23 cP and a degree of hydrolysis ranging from 86% to 92%.

The film may be of any suitable thickness, with a film thickness of about 76 micrometers (µm) being typical and especially contemplated. Other values and ranges encompassed are in the range of about 5 µm to about 200 µm, or in the range of about 20 µm to about 100 µm, or in the range of about 40 µm to about 90 µm, or in the range of about 50 µm to 80 µm, or in the range of about 60 µm to a value in the range of 65 µm, for example 65 µm, 76 µm or 88 µm.

In example embodiments, the water soluble film may contain adjuvants as described above. In example embodiments, the water soluble film may be substantially free of adjuvants as described above. In example embodiments, the water soluble film may include a plasticizer as described above. The total amount of anhydrous plasticizer provided in the water-soluble film may range from about 1% to about 45% by weight, or from about 5% to about 45%, or from about 10% to About 40% by weight, or about 20% by weight to about 30% by weight, about 1% by weight to about 4% by weight, or about 1.5% by weight to about 3.5% by weight, or about 2.0% by weight to about 3.0% by weight, for example about 1 wt%, about 2.5 wt%, about 5 wt%, about 10 wt%, about 15 wt%, about 20 wt%, about 25 wt%, about 30 wt%, about 35 wt%, or about 40 wt%. In an example embodiment, the water soluble film comprises one of propylene glycol, glycerin, diglycerin, sorbitol, xylitol, maltitol, trimethylolpropane (TMP), and polyethylene glycol (100-1000 molecular weight) or more.

In example embodiments, the water soluble film may include a surfactant as described above. In various embodiments, the amount of surfactant in the water soluble film is from about 0.01% to about 2.5% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 2.5% by weight, from about 1.0% to about 2.0% by weight, from about 0.01% by weight to 0.25% by weight or about 0.10% to 0.20% by weight. In an example embodiment, the water soluble film includes one or more of polysorbate 80, lecithin from various plant sources, and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and the like.

In example embodiments, auxiliary agents for water-soluble films may include fillers/bulking agents/anti-blocking agents/anti-blocking agents. Suitable fillers/bulking agents/anti-caking agents/anti-sticking agents include but are not limited to cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, cross-linked cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, silicon dioxide, metal oxides, calcium carbonate, Talc, mica, stearic acid and its metal salts, such as magnesium stearate. Optionally, in addition to one of the above-mentioned specific starch components, the water-soluble film may comprise additional unmodified starch or modified starch, such as hydroxypropylated starch present in an amount ranging from about 5 phr to about 30 phr, Or modified starch having a degree of modification higher than about 2% and present in an amount ranging from about 2.5 phr to about 30 phr, or untreated starch having an amylose content ranging from about 20% to about 80% Modified starch, or hydroxypropyl modified starch having an amylose content in the range of about 23% to about 95% (when the polyvinyl alcohol includes unmodified polyvinyl alcohol copolymer or anionic modified polyvinyl alcohol vinyl alcohol copolymer), with the proviso that the anionic regulator is not an acrylate. Preferred materials are starch, modified starch and silicon dioxide. In one embodiment, the amount of filler/bulking agent/anti-blocking agent/anti-blocking agent in the water-soluble film can be, for example, from about 1% to about 6% by weight, or from about 1% to about 4% by weight , or about 2% by weight to about 4% by weight, or about 1 phr to about 6 phr, or about 1 phr to about 4 phr, or about 2 phr to about 4 phr. In example embodiments, when starch or modified starch is included in the water-soluble film in addition to one of the specific starch components described above, the additional starch component will be present in an amount of less than It is provided in an amount of about 50% by weight. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that any advantages imparted to the water-soluble films of the present invention by the inclusion of the aforementioned starch components are unaffected by the inclusion of other starch components that provide less or no advantage to water-soluble films. .

The water soluble film may further have a residual moisture content of at least 4 wt%, eg, in the range of about 4 wt% to about 10 wt%, as measured by Karl Fischer titration. Method of making fibers

wet cooling gel spinning

In example embodiments, the plurality of water soluble fibers may comprise water soluble fibers prepared according to a wet cooled gel spinning process comprising the following steps: (a) dissolving a water-soluble polymer (or polymers) in a solution to form a polymer mixture optionally comprising adjuvants; (b) extruding the polymer mixture through a spinneret nozzle into a curing bath to form an extruded polymer mixture; (c) passing the extruded polymer mixture through a solvent exchange bath; (d) optionally wet stretch extruded polymer mixtures; and (e) tailoring the extruded polymer mixture to provide the water soluble fibers.

The solvent in which the water-soluble polymer is dissolved may suitably be any solvent that can dissolve the water-soluble polymer. In example embodiments, the solvent in which the water-soluble polymer is dissolved comprises a polar aprotic solvent. In an example embodiment, the solvent in which the water-soluble polymer is dissolved includes dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).

The curing bath contains the cooling solvent used to gel the extruded polymer mixture. The curing bath can generally be at any temperature that promotes solidification of the extruded polymer mixture. The curing bath may comprise a mixture of polymer soluble solvents and polymer insoluble solvents. The solvent that does not dissolve the polymer is generally the main solvent, wherein the solvent that does not dissolve the polymer accounts for more than 50% by volume of the mixture.

After passing through the curing bath, the extruded polymer mixture gel may pass through one or more solvent replacement baths. Provide a solvent replacement bath to replace the solvent that dissolves the water-soluble polymer with a solvent that does not dissolve the water-soluble polymer to further solidify the extruded polymer mixture and further replace the solvent that dissolves the water-soluble polymer with a solvent that is more easily evaporated solvent, thereby reducing drying time. The solvent displacement bath may contain a series of solvent displacement baths with a gradient of solvents that dissolve water-soluble polymers and solvents that do not dissolve water-soluble polymers, a series of solvent displacement baths that have only solvents that do not dissolve water-soluble polymers bath or a single solvent displacement bath with only a solvent that does not dissolve the water-soluble polymer. In an example embodiment, at least one solvent displacement bath may consist essentially of a solvent that does not dissolve the water-soluble polymer.

The finished fibers are sometimes referred to as staple fibers, staple fibers, or pulp. In an example embodiment, the trimming includes dry extruding the polymer mixture. In an example embodiment, trimming includes cutting or crimping the extruded polymer mixture to form individual fibers. Wet drawing of the extruded polymer mixture can provide the extruded polymer mixture with a substantially uniform diameter, and thus cut fibers therefrom. Stretching is distinct from extrusion, as is well known in the art. Specifically, "extrusion" refers to the operation of forming fibers by forcing a resin mixture through the head of a spinneret, and drawing refers to mechanically stretching fibers in the machine direction to promote polymer chain orientation and crystallization degree to increase fiber strength and toughness.

In example embodiments where the water soluble fibers are produced by a wet cooled gel spinning process, as generally described herein, the water soluble polymer can generally be any water soluble polymer or blends thereof, such as two or Wider range of different polymers. In optimizations of the foregoing embodiments, the polymer may have any degree of polymerization (DP), for example, in the range of 10 to 10,000,000, for example, at least 10, at least 20, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400 , At least 500, at least 750 or at least 1,000, and at most 10,000,000, up to 5,000,000, at most 2,500,000, up to 1,000,000, at most 900,000, at most 750,000, at most 500,000, at most 250,000, at least 90,000, at least 75,000, at least 25,000, at least 25,000, at least 25,000, at least 25,000, at least 25,000, at least 25,000, at least 25,000, at least 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at least 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at least 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, at most 25,000, Up to 12,000, up to 10,000, up to 5,000 or up to 2,500, for example between 1000 to about 50,000, 1000 to about 25,000, 1000 to about 12,000, 1000 to about 5,000, 1000 to about 2,500, about 50 to about 12,000, about 50 to about 10,000 , about 50 to about 5,000, about 50 to about 2,500, about 50 to about 1000, about 50 to about 900, about 100 to about 800, about 150 to about 700, about 200 to about 600, or about 250 to about 500 . In an example embodiment, the DP is at least 1,000. Adjuvants, as described above, can be added to the fibers themselves or to the nonwoven fabric during the carding and/or bonding process.

thermoplastic fiber spinning

Thermoplastic fiber spinning is well known in the art. Briefly, thermoplastic fiber spinning consists of the following steps: (a) preparing a polymer mixture comprising fiber-forming polymers optionally including auxiliaries; (b) extruding the polymer mixture through a spinneret nozzle to form an extruded polymer mixture; (c) optionally stretch extruding the polymer mixture; and (d) trimming the extruded polymer mixture to provide the fibers.

The finished staple fibers of the thermoplastic fiber spinning process can be dried, cut and/or crimped to form individual fibers. Drawing of the extruded polymer mixture mechanically pulls the fibers in the machine direction, promoting polymer chain orientation and crystallinity to increase fiber strength and toughness. Preparation of a polymer mixture for thermoplastic fiber spinning may comprise (a) preparation of a solution of a fiber-forming material and a volatile solvent such that the solvent readily evaporates after the solution is extruded through a spinneret when the solution is in contact with a stream of hot air , leaving solid fibers, or (b) molten polymer such that after extruding the hot polymer through the spinneret, the polymer solidifies by quenching with cold air. The thermoplastic fiber spinning process differs from the wet cooling gel spinning process at least in that (a) in the thermoplastic fiber spinning process, the extruded fibers are heated by evaporating the solvent or by quenching the hot solid fibers with cold air rather than solidifying by using a solidifying bath; and (b) in a wet cooled gel spinning process, optionally stretching is performed while the fiber is in a gel state rather than a solid state.

The fiber-forming material used to make fibers from a thermoplastic fiber spinning process can be any fiber-forming polymer or blend thereof, such as two or more different polymers, provided that the polymer or blend thereof is in Have suitable solubility in volatile solvents and/or have a melting point below and different from its degradation temperature. Furthermore, when a blend of fiber-forming polymers is used to make fibers, the fiber-forming materials must have similar solubility in volatile solvents and/or have similar thermal profiles such that two or more fiber-forming materials will Melts at similar temperatures. In contrast, the fiber-forming materials used to make fibers from the wet-cooled gel spinning process are not limited thereto and fibers can be made from blends of any two or more polymers that are soluble in the same solvent system , and the solvent system need not be a single solvent or even a volatile solvent.

The fiber forming polymers used to make thermoplastic fiber spun fibers may have, for example, a degree of polymerization (DP) in the range of 10 to 10,000, such as at least 10, at least 20, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400 , at least 500, at least 750, or at least 1000, and at most 10,000, at most 5,000, at most 2,500, at most 1,000, at most 900, at most 750, at most 500, or at most 250. In an example embodiment, the DP is less than 1,000.

melt spinning

Melt spinning is well known in the art and should be understood to refer to both spunbond and meltblown processes. Melt spinning is a continuous process for the direct production of nonwoven fabrics consistent with fiber formation. Thus, fibers formed by melt spinning are not finished products and are cut to any consistent length (eg, staple fibers are not produced by such processes). Additionally, melt spinning does not involve a drawing step, and thus the only control over the diameter of the resulting melt spun fibers is the size of the holes through which the fiber-forming material is extruded, and the polymer chains are not oriented in any particular direction.

In an example embodiment, melt spinning comprises the following steps: (a) preparing a polymer mixture comprising fiber-forming polymers optionally including auxiliaries; (b) extruding the polymer mixture into a die assembly to form an extruded polymer mixture; (c) quenching the extruded polymer mixture; (d) depositing the quenched extruded polymer mixture on a strip to form a nonwoven fabric; and (e) Bonding the nonwoven fabric.

In the spunbond process, the extruded polymer mixture is pumped into the die assembly as molten polymer and quenched with cold air once through the die assembly. In the meltblowing process, the extruded polymer mixture is pumped into a die assembly through which hot air is blown, and after exiting the die assembly is quenched and exposed to ambient temperature air. In both methods, the fibers are continuously dropped onto a belt or drum, usually facilitated by drawing a vacuum under the belt or drum.

The diameter of the melt-spun fibers ranges from about 0.1 to about 50 microns, such as at least about 0.1 microns, at least about 1 micron, at least about 2 microns, at least about 5 microns, at least about 10 microns, at least about 15 microns, or at least about 20 microns microns, and up to about 50 microns, up to about 40 microns, up to about 30 microns, up to about 25 microns, up to about 20 microns, up to about 15 microns, up to about 10 microns, from about 0.1 microns to about 50 microns, from about 0.1 microns to about 40 microns, about 0.1 microns to about 30 microns, about 0.1 microns to about 25 microns, about 0.1 microns to about 20 microns, about 0.1 microns to about 15 microns, about 0.1 microns to about 10 microns, about 0.1 microns to about 9 micron, about 0.1 micron to about 8 micron, about 0.1 micron to about 7 micron, about 0.1 micron to about 6 micron, about 0.1 micron to about 6 micron, about 5 micron to about 35 micron, about 5 micron to about 30 micron, From about 7.5 microns to about 25 microns, from about 10 microns to about 25 microns, or from about 15 microns to about 25 microns. It is well known in the art that the meltblowing process can provide microfine fibers with an average diameter in the range of about 1-10 microns, however, the meltblown process has extremely high variation in fiber-to-fiber diameter, eg, 100-300% variation. Additionally, it is well known in the art that spunbond fibers can have larger average fiber diameters, eg, about 15 to about 25 microns, with improved uniformity from fiber to fiber, eg, about 10% variation.

Fiber forming materials for hot extrusion processes (eg, melt spinning, thermoplastic fiber spinning) are more limited than for wet cooled gel spinning processes. For example, the degree of polymerization used in hot extrusion processes is limited to a range of about 200 to about 500. As the degree of polymerization decreases below 200, the viscosity of the fiber forming material is too low, and the individual fibers produced by pumping the material through the die assembly do not remain sufficiently separated after exiting the die assembly. Similarly, as the degree of polymerization increases above 500, the viscosity is too high to efficiently pump the material through small enough holes in the mold assembly to run the process at high speeds, thus losing process efficiency and fiber and/or Nonwoven Uniformity. Furthermore, processes requiring heating of the fiber-forming material are not suitable for use with polyvinyl alcohol homopolymers because homopolymers generally do not possess the required thermal stability.

The wet cooled gel spinning process advantageously provides one or more benefits, such as providing fibers comprising a blend of water soluble polymers, providing control over the diameter of the fibers, providing relatively larger diameter fibers, providing Control of the length of the fibers provides control of the tenacity of the fibers, providing high tenacity fibers, providing fibers from polymers with a greater degree of polymerization and/or providing fibers that can be used to provide self-supporting nonwoven fabrics. Continuous processes such as spunbond, meltblown, electrospinning, and rotary spinning generally do not allow: blending of water-soluble polymers (e.g., due to difficulty matching the melt indices of the various polymers), formation of larger diameters (e.g., More than 50 microns) fiber, control the length of fiber, provide high tenacity fiber and use polymer with high degree of polymerization. Furthermore, advantageously, the wet cooled gel spinning process is not limited to only melt-processable polymers, and thus can obtain fiber-forming materials made of very high molecular weight, high melting point, low melt flow index, or combinations thereof. Fibers, thereby providing fibers with stronger physical properties and different chemical functionalities compared with fibers prepared by a thermal extrusion process. Additionally, advantageously, the wet cooled gel spinning process is not limited by the viscosity of the polymer. In contrast, processes known in the art requiring molten fiber-forming materials are limited to fiber-forming materials having a viscosity of 5 cP or less. Therefore, fibers comprising polymers, including polyvinyl alcohol homopolymers and copolymers, with viscosities greater than 5 cP can only be obtained by wet cooled gel spinning. Method for preparing nonwoven fabric

The non-woven fabrics of the present invention are sheet-like structures having two outer surfaces, and these non-woven fabrics contain a plurality of fibers. The nonwoven fabrics of the present invention can be prepared from fibers using any method known in the art. As is known in the art, when fibers are spunbonded or meltblown, the fibers are laid down continuously to form a nonwoven fabric, followed by bonding of the fibers.

Staple fibers can be carded or airlaid and bonded to provide a nonwoven fabric. Methods of carding and airlaying are well known in the art.

Methods of bonding nonwoven fabrics are well known in the art. For example, bonding may include thermal bonding, mechanical bonding, and/or chemical bonding. Thermal bonding may include, but is not limited to, calendering, embossing, air-through, and ultrasonic. Mechanical bonding may include, but is not limited to, hydroentanglement (spunlace), needle punching, and soft tape bonding. Chemical bonding may include, but is not limited to, solvent bonding and resin bonding.

Thermal bonding is achieved by applying heat and pressure and maintains the pore size, shape and alignment created by the carding process. Conditions for thermal bonding can be readily determined by those of ordinary skill in the art. If the heat and/or pressure applied is too low, the fibers will not bond sufficiently to form a free-standing fabric, and if the heat and/or pressure is too high, the fibers will begin to fuse together. Fiber chemistry dictates upper and lower limits for heat and/or pressure for thermal bonding. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that at temperatures above 235°C, polyvinyl alcohol based fibers degrade. Embossing methods for thermal bonding of fibers are known. Embossing can be single-sided or double-sided. Embossing of water-soluble fibers involved single-sided embossing using a single embossing roll consisting of an ordered array of circular and steel rolls with flat surfaces. As imprinting increases (eg, as surface features are imparted to the fabric), the surface area of the fabric increases. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is expected that as the surface of the fabric increases, the solubility of the fabric increases. Thus, the solubility properties of nonwoven fabrics can advantageously be tuned by changing the surface area via embossing.

Airflow through bonding requires a high thermoplastic content in the nonwoven and two materials with different melting points. In air-through bonding, the unbonded nonwoven fabric circulates around the drum while hot air flows from the outside of the drum to the center of the drum. Air-through bonding can provide nonwoven fabrics with low density and relatively high basis weight (eg, greater than 20 to about 2000 g/m ² ). Air-bonded nonwovens are very soft.

Chemical bonding includes solvent bonding and resin bonding. In particular, chemical bonding may use a bonding solution of solvents and resins (such as latex or waste polymers left over from making fibers). The nonwoven may be coated with a bonding solution and heat and pressure applied to cure the adhesive and bond the nonwoven. The bonding solution can be obtained by immersing the nonwoven in a bath of bonding solution, spraying the bonding solution onto the nonwoven, extruding the bonding solution onto the fabric (foam bonding) and/or applying the bonding solution by printing or gravure printing. way imposed.

Chemical bonding can produce smaller, less ordered pores relative to eg carded/melt spinning pores. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that if the resin solution used for chemical bonding is sufficiently concentrated and/or pressured, a non-porous nonwoven fabric can be formed. The solvents used for chemical bonding induce partial dissolution of the fibers present in the fabric so that the fibers weld and bond together. Thus, the solvent used for chemical bonding can be any solvent that can at least partially dissolve one or more fiber-forming materials in the fibers of the nonwoven. In example embodiments, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, glycerol, and combinations thereof. In example embodiments, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, glycerin, and combinations thereof. In an example embodiment, the bonding solution includes a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, glycerin, and combinations thereof, and further includes a resin selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, latex, and polyvinylpyrrolidone . The binder provided in the solution assists the welding process to provide a more mechanically stable fabric. The temperature of the polymer solution is not particularly limited and may be provided at room temperature (about 23°C).

In some embodiments, the fibers of the second layer may be used to bond the nonwoven fabric. In example embodiments, the nonwoven layer may be bonded using thermal, mechanical or chemical bonding alone or in addition to being bonded using an additional layer of nonwoven fabric/fiber. Method of laminating film to nonwoven fabric or foamed substrate

Methods of making laminates such as water soluble films and nonwovens may include, but are not limited to, calender lamination (pressure heat) or melt adhesion.

Calender lamination is achieved by applying heat and pressure. Conditions for calender lamination can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. In general, if the heat and/or pressure applied is too low, the fibers will not bond sufficiently to the water soluble film to form a laminate, and if the heat and/or pressure is too high, the fibers will begin to fuse to each other and fuse with the membrane. Fiber chemistry and film chemistry dictate upper and lower limits for heat and/or pressure for calender lamination. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that at temperatures above 235°C, polyvinyl alcohol based fibers degrade. In example embodiments, the heat added to the overlay nonwoven and water soluble film is from about 50°C to about 200°C, such as from about 100°C to about 200°C, from about 110°C to about 190°C, from about 120°C to about 180°C or about 130°C to about 160°C. In example embodiments, the pressure applied to the overlay nonwoven and water soluble film is from about 5 psi to about 50 psi, such as from about 10 psi to about 40 psi, from about 15 psi to about 30 psi, or from about 20 psi to about 30 psi. In an example embodiment, the heat added to the overlay nonwoven and water soluble film was about 150°C and the applied pressure was about 25 psi. In an example embodiment, heat and pressure are applied for about 2-4 seconds. Embossing methods for calendering laminated fibers and/or films are contemplated. Embossing can be single-sided or double-sided. For example, embossing of water-soluble fibers and/or water-soluble films involves single-sided embossing using a single embossing roll consisting of an ordered circular array and steel rolls with flat surfaces. As embossing increases (eg, increasing amounts of surface features are imparted to the fabric and/or film), the surface area of the laminate increases. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that as the surface of the article decreases, the solubility of the fabric and/or film decreases. Thus, the solubility properties of non-woven fabrics and/or water-soluble films can advantageously be adjusted by changing the surface area via embossing. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that as the degree of lamination of the unit dose article increases, the surface area of the laminate decreases and the bonding between the water soluble film and the nonwoven increases, resulting in decreased solubility and increased liquid release time.

Fusion adhesive lamination is achieved by applying the adhesive directly to the water soluble film, and the nonwoven is then placed on top of the water soluble film with the applied adhesive and subjected to cold lamination to bond the nonwoven to the water soluble film. film sticking. As used herein, the term "cold lamination" refers to a lamination process that involves pressure but does not involve the addition of heat. The adhesive may be any suitable adhesive of those of ordinary skill in the art. In an example embodiment, the adhesive is Henkel National adhesive. Applying the adhesive directly to the water soluble film can be applied by any suitable method, such as hot melon spraying, by those skilled in the art. In an example embodiment, the fusion adhesion lamination process may comprise a hot melt spray coating process at 160° C., followed by cold lamination at a pressure of 94 N/mm ² .

Laminates of the present invention generally comprise a water soluble film and a nonwoven fabric. In example embodiments, the laminate may have a degree of lamination of from about 1% to about 100%, for example, the degree of lamination may be from about 1% to about 90%, or from about 25% to about 75%, or from about 1% to About 50%, or about 5% to about 25%, or about 25% to about 100%, or about 50% to about 100%. As used herein, the term "degree of lamination" refers to the total area amount of the water soluble film bonded to the nonwoven fabric. For example, a laminate with a degree of lamination of about 25% or less means that about 25% or less of the area of the water soluble film is bonded to the nonwoven fabric, eg, laminated only at the seal. For example, a laminate having a degree of lamination of about 100% means that about 100% of the area of the water soluble film is bonded to the nonwoven fabric. In example embodiments where the degree of lamination is about 25% or less, lamination can be achieved during the heat sealing process, where lamination occurs at each seal of the unit dose item. In example embodiments where the laminate has a degree of lamination of about 25% or less, this lower degree of lamination may be advantageous due to the presence of unlaminated internal void volume of the water soluble film and nonwoven, providing Physical separation of components with incompatible chemistries, and the opportunity to provide a 2-step delivery system for the composition in a unit dose item. In example embodiments, the degree of lamination is in the range of about 5% to about 25%. In example embodiments, the degree of lamination ranges from about 50% to about 100%. Dissolution and disintegration test (modified MSTM-205)

Nonwoven fabrics, water soluble films or laminate structures can be characterized by or tested for dissolution time and disintegration time according to MonoSol Test Method 205 (MSTM 205), a method known in the art. See, eg, US Patent No. 7,022,656. The description provided below refers to non-woven fabrics, while the same applies to water soluble films or laminate structures.

Equipment and materials: 600mL beaker Magnetic stirrer (Labline model 1250 or equivalent) Magnetic Stir Bar (5 cm) Thermometer (0 to 100°C ± 1°C) Template, stainless steel (3.8 cm×3.2 cm) Timer (0-300 seconds, accurate to the nearest second) Polaroid 35 mm slide clip (or equivalent) MonoSol 35 mm Slide Clamp Holder (or equivalent) distilled water

For each nonwoven fabric to be tested, three test specimens were cut from the nonwoven fabric sample as 3.8 cm x 3.2 cm specimens. Specimens shall be cut from areas of the fabric evenly spaced across the direction of the fabric. Each test sample was then analyzed using the following procedure. Each specimen was locked into individual 35 mm slide clamps. Fill the beaker with 500 mL of distilled water. The temperature of the water is measured with a thermometer and, if necessary, the water is heated or cooled to maintain the temperature at which dissolution is determined, eg, 20°C (about 68°F). Mark the height of the water column. Place a magnetic stirrer on the holder base. Place the beaker on a magnetic stirrer, add a magnetic stir bar to the beaker, turn on the stirrer, and adjust the stirring speed until a vortex is created that is approximately one-fifth the height of the water column. Mark the vortex depth. Secure the 35 mm slide clip in the alligator clip of the 35 mm slide clip holder so that the long end of the slide clip is parallel to the water surface. The depth adjuster of the holder should be set so that when the clamp is lowered, the end of the clamp will be 0.6 cm below the surface of the water. One of the short sides of the slide clamp should be immediately adjacent to the side of the beaker and the other short side should be placed directly over the center of the stir bar so that the nonwoven surface is perpendicular to the flow of water. In one motion, the secured slide and grip are lowered into the water and a timer is started. Fractures occur when the sample inside the slide is damaged, for example when holes are created. Disintegration occurs when the nonwoven breaks apart and no sample material remains in the slide. When all visible nonwoven was released from the slide clamps, the slide was raised from the water while continuing to monitor the solution for undissolved fragments of nonwoven. Dissolution occurs when all non-woven fabric fragments are no longer visible and the solution becomes clear. For nonwoven samples, rupture and dissolution can occur simultaneously, where fibers are prepared from polyvinyl alcohol polymers with lower degrees of hydrolysis (eg, about 65-88%). When there was a difference of 5 seconds or more between rupture and dissolution, the dissolution time was recorded independently of the rupture time.

The thinning time can also be measured using MSTM-205. Nonwoven fabric thinning occurs when some of the fibers that make up the nonwoven fabric dissolve while other fibers remain intact. Fabric thinning occurs before fabric disintegration. Thinning is characterized by a decrease in opacity or increase in clarity of the nonwoven fabric. The change from opaque to increasingly transparent can be observed visually. During MSTM-205, the non-woven fabric was monitored for opacity/transparency after the stationary slider and jig had been lowered into the water. The time at which no change in opacity/clarity is observed (ie, the fabric does not change in opacity or become more transparent) is recorded as the thinning time.

The results should include the following: intact sample identification; individual and average disintegration and dissolution times; and the water temperature at which the samples were tested. Method for determining the solubility of a single fiber

The solubility of a single fiber can be characterized by the water fracture temperature. The fiber breakage temperature can be determined as follows. A load of 2 mg/dtex was placed on the fiber with a fixed length of 100 mm. The water temperature was started at 1.5°C and then increased by 1.5°C every 2 minutes until the fiber broke. The temperature at which the fiber breaks is expressed as the water break temperature.

The solubility of a single fiber can also be characterized by the temperature at which it completely dissolves. The temperature of complete dissolution can be determined as follows. Add 0.2 g of fibers with a fixed length of 2 mm to 100 mL of water. The water temperature was started at 1.5°C and then increased by 1.5°C every 2 minutes until the fibers were completely dissolved. The samples were stirred at each temperature. The temperature at which the fibers were completely dissolved in less than 30 seconds was expressed as the complete dissolution temperature. Diameter Test Method

The diameter of discrete fibers or fibers within a nonwoven fabric is determined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or an optical microscope and image analysis software. A magnification of 200 to 10,000 times is chosen such that the fibers are appropriately magnified for the measurements. When using the SEM, the sample is sputtered with a gold or palladium compound to avoid charging and vibrating the fibers in the electron beam. A manual procedure for determining fiber diameter was used from images obtained from a SEM or optical microscope (on a monitor screen). Using the mouse and cursor tools, seek the edge of a randomly selected fiber and then measure across its width (ie, perpendicular to the fiber direction at that point) to the other edge of the fiber. Scaled and calibrated image analysis tools provide scaling ratios to obtain actual readings in microns. For fibers within the nonwoven fabric, a number of fibers were randomly selected across the sample of the nonwoven fabric using a SEM or optical microscope. At least two portions of the nonwoven fabric material are cut and tested in this manner. In total, at least 100 such measurements were performed, and then all data were recorded for statistical analysis. The recorded data was used to calculate the mean (mean) of the fibers, the standard deviation of the fibers and the median fiber diameter. Tensile strength, modulus and elongation test

Nonwoven fabrics, water soluble films, or laminate structures are analyzed as follows, characterized by tensile strength, modulus (or tensile stress), and elongation, or according to the Tensile Strength (TS) test for tensile strength, according to modulus The (MOD) test is tested for modulus and according to the elongation test for elongation. The description provided below refers to non-woven fabrics, while the same applies to water soluble films or laminate structures. The procedure consists of determining the tensile strength at 10% elongation according to ASTM D 882 ("Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting") or equivalent and measure modulus. Nonwoven fabric data was collected using INSTRON tensile testing equipment (Model 5544 Tensile Testing Machine or equivalent). For each measurement, (where applicable) a minimum of three test specimens are tested in the machine direction (MD), each cut with a reliable cutting tool to ensure dimensional stability and reproducibility. Tests were performed in a standard laboratory atmosphere of 23°C±2.0°C and 35%±5% relative humidity. For tensile strength or modulus determinations, 1"-wide (2.54 cm) samples of nonwoven fabrics were prepared. The samples were then transferred to an INSTRON tensile testing machine for testing while minimizing exposure to a 35% relative humidity environment. Prepare a calibrated tensile testing machine equipped with a 500 N force gauge according to the manufacturer's instructions. Install an appropriate jig and surface (INSTRON jig with model 2702-032 surface, rubber coated and 25 mm wide, or equivalent). The samples were mounted into a tensile testing machine and analyzed to determine 100% modulus (ie, the stress required to achieve 100% film elongation), tensile strength (ie, the stress required to break the film) and % elongation (fracture sample length relative to initial sample length). In general, the higher the % elongation of the sample, the better the processability characteristics of the nonwoven fabric (such as increased formability of pouches or sachets). Fiber Shrinkage Percentage Test (MSTM)

When in contact with an appropriate amount of carrier solvent, the percent shrinkage of the fibers can be determined according to the Percent Fiber Shrinkage Test under MonoSol Standard Operating Procedures.

Equipment and materials: 1. Fiber sample (about 3 grams) 2. 500 mL beaker 3. Chilled deionized water (located in the freezer) 4. Deionized water 5. Paper clips 6. Alligator clip (dissolving bracket) 7. Stirring plate 8. Timer

Samples were prepared as follows: 1. Obtain a small bundle of fibers that will not tangle. Sufficient to ensure that it will stay in paper clips and alligator clips, the approximate weight of the tow is 0.013 grams (g) to 0.015 g. 2. Remove the paper clip and pull one end of the fiber through the cross-section of the paper clip. 3. This was performed with N=3 replicates for each unique fiber to be tested, for each test temperature, 23°C and 10°C.

Device settings: 1. Fill a 500 ml beaker with 400 ml of water of each temperature. Make sure to check the water temperature with a temperature probe before and during the test. 2. Hang the ruler with the strap to the top of the alligator clip so the ruler hangs parallel to the clamp. 3. With the beaker placed on the stir plate and the dissolution stand next to the stir plate, submerge the ruler into the beaker so the length can be read.

test program: 1. Attach the free end of the paperclip fiber to the alligator clip. 2. Submerge the test sample into the beaker so that the test sample is aligned against the ruler. 3. Start the timer and record the initial length of the fiber. The test sample fiber length is measured from the end of the alligator clip to the top of the paper clip. 4. After two minutes, record the final length of the fiber. 5. Lift the jig out of the water and remove the sample from the jig. Make sure to dry the outside of the fixture as well as the inside of the fixture well between tests.

Calculate shrinkage percentage: Shrinkage length = initial length - final length [3] Fiber shrinkage rate (%) = (shrinkage length / initial length) × 100% [4] Use of skin cleansing articles

The skin cleansing articles of the present invention are suitable for a variety of applications. Applications suitable for water-dispersible or water-soluble skin cleansing articles include the delivery of one or more active cleansing formulations for the delivery of cosmetic and/or dermotherapy to the skin of a user. In example embodiments, the water soluble core substrate has one or more regions or zones configured to contain one or more active cleansing formulations, such as cosmetic or dermotherapy formulations. For example, a water soluble core substrate can have a first region containing a first active cleaning formulation and a second region containing a second active cleaning formulation that is the same or different than the first active cleaning formulation. The water-soluble core substrate is soluble to release at least one of the one or more active cleaning formulations when the water-soluble core substrate is contacted with water at a temperature above 20°C or at a temperature between 30°C and 40°C, For example at least one of the first active cleaning formulation or the second active cleaning formulation. Although water-dispersible or water-soluble skin cleansing articles are described herein as being in the form of a mask, they are configured to contain one or more active cleansing formulations in one or more regions or regions of the mask to deliver the active cleansing formulations ( Water-dispersible or water-soluble non-woven substrates such as those that deliver) to a desired location on the user's facial skin, such water-dispersible or water-soluble skin cleansing articles as described herein are suitable in other example embodiments for applying Active cleansing formulations or other skin care formulations are delivered, for example, to other areas on the skin of the user's body. Additionally, the water-dispersible or water-soluble skin cleansing articles may be in forms other than masks, including but not limited to wipes, wafers, pads, pouches or strips. In example embodiments, active cleansing formulations may include, but are not limited to, one or more of: hyaluronic acid, aloe vera, chamomile extract, lactic acid, citric acid, hydrolyzed collagen, polysaccharides, peptides, surfactants, or hair Foams, Soaps or Cleansers, Shampoos, Conditioners, Body Washes, Cleansers, Lotions, Skin Treatments, Body Oils, Fragrances, Hair Conditioners, Bath Salts, Essential Oils, Bath Balls, Enzymes , detergents, surfactants, emulsifiers, chelating agents, pH regulators, builders, structurants, free fragrances, encapsulated fragrances, preservatives, solvents or minerals and/or suitable for inclusion in skin cleansing formulations ingredients, skin care formulations or personal care formulations.

For example, the active cleaning formulation can be in the form of a solid (such as a powder or a plurality of granules or granules), a gel, a liquid or a slurry formulation, or any suitable combination such as a powder, solid, gel, liquid or slurry formulation form. example

Example 1: A water soluble facial mask having openings corresponding to the user's eyes, nose and mouth comprising a water soluble nonwoven substrate having a basis weight of 30 gsm to 80 gsm comprising a combination of carding and calendering processes Made of water-soluble fiber. The water soluble nonwoven substrate comprises or contains active cleaning formulations adjusted to a pH of 3.8 to 4.5, as described in Table 1 below: Table 1: Example Active Cleaning Formulations Deionized water ＜10% by weight sodium benzoate 0.30 Potassium sorbate 0.30 glycolic acid 3.03 sodium hydroxide 0.66 Allantoin 0.10 Sodium Hyaluronate 0.10 Ectoin 0.10 disodium lauryl Sulfosuccinate 8.00 100.00

The active cleaning formulation is provided in an aqueous solution. Any suitable coating technique known to those of ordinary skill in the art is used, such as a Mayer roll, slot die, die, curtain flow, gravure printing, kiss roller or Dip coating technique, coating an aqueous solution on at least one flat surface of a water-soluble non-woven substrate. Alternatively, the active cleaning formulation is supplied in a dry, solid or slurry phase, and any suitable application technique known to those of ordinary skill in the art for supplying solid formulations (such as air spray, bead spray, etc.) may be used. blasted or tumbled techniques) to water-soluble nonwoven substrates.

The nonwoven substrate in which the active cleansing formulation is applied to at least one surface is then cut into the shape of a facial mask using any suitable cutting technique known to those of ordinary skill in the art, such as die cutting techniques. For example, the mask is then packaged in a dry state, ie free of water or substantially free of water, eg, containing insignificant amounts of water, and placed in a recyclable package, as shown in FIG. 4 . In an example embodiment, a plurality of sheet masks, such as 10 sheet masks, 25 sheet masks, or 50 sheet masks, are packaged in a recyclable package.

In example embodiments, the mask is initially provided in a dry stable state (ie requiring significantly less secondary packaging), and water is added to the mask either before or during use. Providing the mask in a dry state may help or be beneficial to conditioning and/or product testing issues related to, for example, various materials or components of active cleansing formulations (such as glycolic acid or sodium hyaluronate, which act as skin Stimulus adjustment) concentration and/or pH.

Example 1 as described herein is a general example. The active cleaning formulations in Table 1 and a nonwoven substrate as one example of a core substrate are described for purposes of illustration only. The core substrate and active cleaning formulation can be of any suitable composition and/or any suitable form as described herein. For example, the core substrate may comprise a water dispersible or water soluble nonwoven, foam or film or any combination thereof. Such core substrates may comprise one or more PVOH polymers, such as vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymers. For example, in certain embodiments, the core substrate comprises at least one non-woven fabric, sheet, or layer comprising a plurality of fibers. The plurality of fibers includes a first type of fiber comprising a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer having a degree of hydrolysis in the range of about 75% to about 89%, and a second type of fiber comprising Polyvinyl alcohol copolymers having a degree of hydrolysis in the range of about 90% to about 99.5%. The fibers of the first type and the fibers of the second type are in a suitable ratio, for example in the range of about 25:75 to about 95:5 or about 25:75 to about 75:25 by weight. In certain embodiments, fibers of the first type and fibers of the second type are mixed together in at least one nonwoven sheet or layer. In certain embodiments, the at least one nonwoven sheet or layer includes a first type of nonwoven sheet or layer made from a first type of fiber, and a second type of nonwoven sheet or layer made from a second type of fiber. Sheets or layers, that is, two types of fibers in different nonwoven sheets. fiber used

As shown in Table 2, two types of fibers, Fiber 1 ("F1") and Fiber 2 ("F2"), comprising acetic acid with degrees of hydrolysis of 88% and 96%, respectively, were used as starting materials. Copolymer of vinyl ester and vinyl alcohol. These fibers were of uniform composition with additional properties shown in Table 2. In the examples described here, the fibers used had a fineness of 2.2 dtex. In an example, polymers comprising vinyl alcohol moieties are referred to as "polyvinyl alcohol polymers" and fibers comprising such polymers are referred to as "polyvinyl alcohol fibers". The fineness units dtex and dpf are close to each other and can be converted using a coefficient (dtex=dpf/0.9).

Table 2 fiber Viscosity (4% solution) DH (mol%) Fineness (dtex) Dissolving temperature (°C) Toughness (cN/dtex) Elongation(%) F1 22-23 88 2.2 20 5 20 F2 22-23 96 2.2 40 7 15

As shown in Table 3, two types of fibers were used to make nonwoven core substrates under different bonding conditions. Both types of fibers are used to make separate and distinct nonwoven layers which are then used to make a multilayer nonwoven core substrate. "Multilayer nonwoven core substrate" samples refer to those samples having different sheets made of different fiber compositions. The two types of fibers are also blended to form a nonwoven layer as the core substrate (referred to as "blended nonwoven core substrate"). "Blended nonwoven core substrate" means a core substrate having the same formulation but different fibers in one sheet. Multiple layers or sheets of blended nonwovens may also be used. Pre-needling was applied to some samples prior to the calender bonding process in order to increase initial bonding.

table 3 Sample/Substrate composition Bonding conditions base weigh Fiber F1 - 2.2dpf x 51mm (gsm or weight %) Fiber F2 - 2.2dpf x 51mm (gsm or weight %) Pre-acupuncture Calendering speed (FPM) Calendering pressure (PSI) Calendering temperature (℃) Target (GSM) Measurement (GSM) Multi-layer non-woven fabrics (composition in gsm) M1-A 20,20 no 2 40 140 40 M1-B 20,20 yes 2 40 140 40 M2-A 20,20 no 2 40 140 40 M2-B 20,20 yes 2 40 140 40 M3-A 20 20 no 2 40 140 40 M3-B 20 20 yes 2 40 140 40 M6-A 30 30 yes 2 40 150 60 M6-B 30 30 no 2 40 150 60 Blended non-woven fabrics (components in weight %) C5-A 100 0 no 40 40 140 40 40.1 C6-A 0 100 no 40 40 140 40 42.5 B1-A 25 75 no 40 40 140 40 47.9 B2-A 50 50 no 40 40 140 40 43.8 B3-A 75 25 no 40 40 140 40 32.9

For each of the substrates in Table 3, two types of samples were tested at 23°C and 40°C, including untreated nonwovens and those treated (loaded) with active cleaning formulations ("activated nonwovens"). Solubility of nonwovens. Table 4 and Table 5 show the dissolution results of the untreated sample (substrate only) and the activated sample at 23°C and 40°C, respectively. Table 5 also shows the tensile test results of these water-soluble substrates. For each sample, multiple specimens were tested. For brevity purposes, the standard deviation of the data is not shown.

Table 4 Sample substrate composition Pre-acupuncture Solubility 23℃ Solubility 23°C after active exposure Fiber F1 (gsm or weight %) Fiber F2 (gsm or weight %) burst (seconds) Disintegration (seconds) burst (seconds) Disintegration (seconds) Multi-layer non-woven fabric (gsm) M1-A 20,20 no 18.7 46.7 16.3 34.3 M1-B 20,20 yes 23.0 38.7 18.7 35.3 M2-A 20,20 no 103.3 300+ 75.7 136.7 M2-B 20,20 yes 108.3 300+ 77.3 143.3 M3-A 20 20 no 101.0 300+ 73.3 144.7 M3-B 20 20 yes 94.7 300+ 70.3 142.7 M6-A 30 30 yes 104.9 300+ 76.3 155.3 M6-B 30 30 no 102.2 300+ 73.3 159.3 Blended non-woven fabric (weight %) C5-A 100 0 no 24.7 42.7 20.3 36.3 C6-A 0 100 no 138.7 209.0 87.7 166.3 B1-A 25 75 no 99.0 134.7 63.7 145.0 B2-A 50 50 no 101.0 146.7 62.3 132.3 B3-A 75 25 no 69.0 122.7 37.3 107.7

table 5 Sample/Substrate composition Pre-acupuncture Solubility 40℃ Solubility at 40°C after active exposure to stretch Fiber F1 (gsm or weight %) Fiber F2 (gsm or weight %) burst (seconds) Disintegration (seconds) burst (seconds) Disintegration (seconds) Maximum load (N) Multi-layer non-woven fabric (gsm) M1-A 20,20 no 2.3 4.0 2.1 3.6 9.3 M1-B 20,20 yes 3.3 17.0 2.5 5.7 9.8 M2-A 20,20 no 7.3 17.4 6.3 15.3 5.2 M2-B 20,20 yes 5.7 15.7 5.5 13.7 4.7 M3-A 20 20 no 6.3 16.0 5.5 14.3 7.3 M3-B 20 20 yes 5.0 14.3 4.7 13.3 10.0 M6-A 30 30 yes 7.0 17.7 5.8 15.3 8.2 M6-B 30 30 no 6.0 17.2 5.2 15.8 7.9 Blended non-woven fabric (weight %) C5-A 100 0 no 3.0 7.0 2.8 6.7 7.9 C6-A 0 100 no 11.0 20.3 9.7 19.0 6.2 B1-A 25 75 no 7.0 19.0 7.3 18.7 8.6 B2-A 50 50 no 5.3 9.7 4.5 9.7 9.3 B3-A 75 25 no 5.7 12.7 4.8 10.3 8.4

Figure 6 shows the dissolution results (with water at 23°C) of a core substrate comprising at least one nonwoven layer or sheet having a plurality of fibers comprising a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer comprising a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer with a degree of hydrolysis of 88%. One type of fiber ("F1") and a second type of fiber ("F2") comprising polyvinyl alcohol copolymer with a degree of hydrolysis of 96%. Figure 7 shows the dissolution results (at 23°C) for a sample comprising the core substrate in Figure 6 treated with an active cleaning formulation. At 23°C, the multilayer and blended water soluble nonwoven sheets or layers had similar burst times. Solubility generally decreases with increasing content of fiber F2 with a higher degree of hydrolysis. Blended nonwovens tend to disintegrate faster than multilayer nonwovens. For example, when the content of fiber F2 is 50%, the multilayer nonwoven fabric has a homogeneous fabric made of fiber F2, while the blended nonwoven fabric is more heterogeneous, resulting in faster disintegration. Samples of nonwoven substrates with low water content active cleaning formulations exhibited significantly faster disintegration and dissolution after such exposure. The blended nonwoven and the multilayer nonwoven exhibited similar disintegration times after exposure. Active cleaning formulations contain a polyol carrier that loosens the structure of the nonwoven substrate.

Figures 8 and 9 show the dissolution results of the same samples as shown in Figures 6 and 7, except that the test temperature was 40°C. The blended nonwoven and the multilayer nonwoven showed similar burst and disintegration times. As the content of fiber F2 with a higher degree of hydrolysis increases, the solubility decreases, but at a slower rate compared to the data at 23°C. Exposure to the active cleaning formulation had no significant effect on the disintegration and dissolution of the nonwoven samples at 40°C.

Based on the results shown in FIGS. 6-9, in example embodiments, the weight ratio of fibers of the first type (F1) to fibers of the second type (F2) may be 25:75 or higher, such as at about 25 :75 to about 95:5, about 25:75 to about 85:15, or about 25:75 to about 75:25. For example, when fiber F1 alone is used or the level of fiber F1 is too high, the nonwoven substrate can disintegrate too quickly before application of the resulting skin cleansing article. At higher levels of fiber F2, the resulting skin cleansing articles can disintegrate or dissolve within a desired period of time and can be washed off the skin after application.

Figure 10 shows FI-IR curves illustrating the transfer of active cleaning formulations from a water soluble nonwoven core substrate to the surface of a separate article made of polyester. A nonwoven substrate made of PVOH copolymer was cut into approximately 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm squares, and a cleaner, which is an example of an active cleaning formulation, was poured onto the nonwoven substrate. After soaking for 10 minutes, excess cleaner was blotted off the surface of the substrate. The nonwoven substrate was then used to wipe the polyester surface. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) FT-IR was used to scan each sample surface. Three FT-IR curves were obtained from nonwoven samples with active cleaning formulations, polyester surfaces and polyester surfaces after exposure to nonwoven samples with active formulations compared to active cleaning formulations. The increase in intensity of the peaks at 3325 cm ⁻¹ and 1600 cm ⁻¹ corresponding to hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, respectively, indicated the transfer of the active cleaning formulation from the water soluble nonwoven sample to the polyester surface.

Example embodiments of the disclosure are described in the following numbered paragraphs. These example embodiments are intended to be illustrative in nature and not restrictive.

The following paragraphs describe other aspects of the invention: 1. A skin cleansing article configured to deliver cosmetic or dermotherapy to the skin of a user, the skin cleansing article comprising: a core substrate comprising a resin, the core substrate Having a first zone comprising a first active cleansing formulation and a second zone comprising a second active cleansing formulation, wherein the skin cleansing article is configured to be at least water-dispersible or water-soluble, and the core substrate according to Test Method MSTM-205 is at least dispersible or soluble after a period of time in contact with water at a temperature above 10° C. so as to release at least one of the first active cleaning formulation and the second active cleaning formulation. 2. The skin cleansing article of clause 1, wherein the skin cleansing article is substantially dry or solid, wherein the moisture or solvent content before contact with water is less than 10% by weight. 3. The skin cleansing article of clause 1 or 2, wherein the period of time is in the range of about 30 seconds to about 300 seconds, or about 30 seconds to about 600 seconds, or about 30 seconds to about 900 seconds. 4. The skin cleansing article according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the core substrate has a dispersion time or dissolution time of 300 seconds or less at a temperature of 30°C to 40°C according to MSTM-205. 5. The skin cleansing article according to any one of clauses 1 to 4, wherein the core substrate is substantially flat and contourable to the contour of the user's skin surface. 6. The skin cleansing article according to any one of clauses 1 to 5, wherein the core substrate comprises at least one non-woven substrate comprising a plurality of fibers comprising the resin selected from at least one of water-dispersible resins or water-soluble resins. 7. The skin cleansing article according to item 6, wherein the resin is a polymer comprising a vinyl alcohol moiety. 8. The skin cleansing article of clause 7, wherein the vinyl alcohol moiety comprises polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, or a combination thereof. 9. The skin cleansing article according to item 8, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer is a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol. 10. The skin cleansing article of clause 8 or 9, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer comprises an anionically modified copolymer. 11. The cleaning article of clause 10, wherein the anionically modifying copolymer comprises a carboxylate, a sulfonate, or a combination thereof. 12. The cleaning article according to any one of clauses 8 to 11, wherein the plurality of fibers comprises fibers of a first type and fibers of a second type, the fibers of the first type comprising a degree of hydrolysis of about 75% to about 89 % range of polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, the second type of fiber comprises polyvinyl alcohol copolymers with a degree of hydrolysis ranging from about 90% to about 99.5%. 13. The cleaning article of clause 12, wherein the weight ratio of fibers of the first type to fibers of the second type is in the range of about 25:75 to about 75:25. 14. The cleaning article of clause 12 or 13, wherein the fibers of the first type and the fibers of the second type are mixed together in the at least one nonwoven sheet. 15. The cleaning article of clause 14, wherein the at least one nonwoven sheet comprises a first nonwoven layer made of the first type of fibers and a second nonwoven layer made of the second type of fibers. 16. The skin cleansing article according to any one of clauses 6 to 15, wherein the plurality of fibers include 10% by weight to 80% by weight of water-soluble fibers based on the total weight of the plurality of fibers, and the remainder is water-insoluble fiber. 17. A skin cleansing article according to any one of clauses 1 to 16, wherein the first zone is positionable on a first part of the user's face and the second zone is positionable on a second part of the user's face site. 18. The skin cleansing article according to any one of clauses 8 to 17, wherein the first zone is separable from the second zone. 19. The skin cleansing article of any one of clauses 1 to 18, wherein each of the first active cleansing formulation and the second active cleansing formulation is in the form of at least one of: a solid, In liquid, gel or serum form. 20. The skin cleansing article according to any one of clauses 1 to 19, wherein at least one of the first active cleansing formulation or the second active cleansing formulation is in solid form with a moisture content of less than 10%. 21. The skin cleansing article according to any one of clauses 1 to 20, wherein each of the first active cleansing formulation and the second active cleansing formulation comprises one or more of the following: hyaluronic acid, aloe vera , chamomile extract, lactic acid, citric acid, hydrolyzed collagen, polysaccharide, peptide, surfactant, foaming agent, ceramide, glycolic acid, α-hydroxy acid, amino acid, activated carbon, sunscreen, mineral Substance (Zn), avobenzone, antioxidant, energizer, caffeine, ginseng, bovine bilein, retinol, retinoic acid, niacinamide, salicylic acid, Lactic acid or azelaic acid, or any combination thereof. 22. The skin cleansing article according to any one of clauses 1 to 21, wherein each of the first active cleansing formulation and the second active cleansing formulation is at least one of: disposed on the core on the surface of the substrate or embedded in the matrix of the core substrate. 23. The skin cleansing article according to any one of 1 to 22, wherein the core substrate is at least one of: saturated with an active cleansing formulation, coated with an active cleansing formulation or impregnated with an active cleansing formulation. 24. The skin cleansing article according to any one of clauses 1 to 23, wherein the core substrate transforms into a hydrogel after contact with water for 300 seconds or less at a temperature of 10°C or higher. 25. A mask configured to deliver cosmetic or dermotherapy to the skin of a user, the mask comprising: a nonwoven substrate comprising a plurality of fibers including a water soluble resin, the nonwoven substrate is water soluble and Having a first zone and a second zone; a first active cleaning formulation contained in the first zone; and a second active cleaning formulation contained in the second zone, wherein the nonwoven substrate is according to the test method MSTM-205 is soluble upon contact with water at a temperature above 10° C. for 300 seconds or less, so as to release from the water-soluble non-woven substrate one of the first active cleaning formulation and the second active cleaning formulation. at least one. 26. The facial mask according to item 25, wherein the dissolving time of the non-woven substrate at a temperature of 30°C to 40°C according to MSTM-205 is 300 seconds or less. 27. The facial mask of clause 25 or 26, wherein the non-woven substrate has a moisture content of less than 10%. 28. The facial mask of any one of clauses 25 to 27, wherein the non-woven substrate is substantially flat and contourable to the contours of the user's skin surface. 29. The mask of any one of clauses 25 to 28, wherein the first zone is positionable at a first part of the user's face and the second zone is positionable at a second part of the user's face , wherein the first zone is distinct from the second zone. 30. The facial mask according to any one of clauses 25 to 29, wherein each of the first active cleansing formulation and the second active cleansing formulation is in the form of at least one of: solid, liquid, In gel or serum form. 31. The facial mask according to any one of clauses 25 to 30, wherein each of the first active cleansing formulation and the second active cleansing formulation comprises one or more of the following: hyaluronic acid, aloe vera, glycerin Chrysanthemum extract, lactic acid, citric acid, hydrolyzed collagen, polysaccharide, peptide, surfactant, foaming agent, ceramide, glycolic acid, α-hydroxy acid, amino acid, activated carbon, sunscreen, mineral ( Zn), evenbenzone, antioxidant, stimulant, caffeine, ginseng, taurocholin, retinol, retinoic acid, nicotinamide, salicylic acid, lactic acid, or azelaic acid, or any combination thereof. 32. The facial mask according to any one of clauses 25 to 31, wherein the plurality of fibers are saturated with one of the first active cleansing formulation or the second active cleansing formulation. 33. The facial mask according to any one of clauses 25 to 32, wherein each of the first active cleansing formulation and the second active cleansing formulation is one of the following: disposed on the plurality of fibers on the surface or embedded in the plurality of fibers. 34. The facial mask of any one of clauses 25 to 33, wherein the plurality of fibers comprises a fiber type comprising one or more of: polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, or a combination thereof. 35. The facial mask of clause 34, wherein the degree of hydrolysis of the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer is in the range of about 75% to about 89%. 36. The facial mask of clause 34, wherein the degree of hydrolysis of the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer is in the range of about 90% to about 99.9%. 37. The facial mask of any one of clauses 34 to 36, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer comprises an anionically modified copolymer comprising carboxylate, sulfonate, or a combination thereof. 38. The facial mask according to any one of clauses 25 to 37, wherein the plurality of fibers include a first type of fiber and a second type of fiber, wherein the first type of fiber and the second type of fiber have the following characteristics Differences in one or more of: length-to-diameter (LID) ratio, tenacity, shape, stiffness, elasticity, water solubility, melting point, glass transition temperature (T _g ), fiber chemical composition or color, or any combination thereof . 39. The facial mask of clause 38, wherein each of the first type of fiber and the second type of fiber comprises polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, or a combination thereof. 40. The facial mask according to clause 38 or 39, wherein the fibers of the first type comprise polyvinyl alcohol copolymers with a degree of hydrolysis ranging from 75% to 89%, and the fibers of the second type comprise polyvinyl alcohol copolymers with a degree of hydrolysis ranging from 90% to 89%. Polyvinyl alcohol copolymer within 99.5%. 41. The facial mask of clause 40, wherein the weight ratio of the first type of fibers to the second type of fibers is in the range of about 25:75 to about 75:25. 42. The facial mask of clause 40 or 41, wherein the fibers of the first type and the fibers of the second type are mixed together in the same non-woven sheet or are separated in different non-woven sheets. 43. The facial mask of any one of clauses 38 to 42, wherein one of the first type of fibers or the second type of fibers comprises a water insoluble polymer fiber forming material. 44. The facial mask according to item 43, wherein the water-insoluble polymer fiber-forming material includes one or more of the following materials: cotton, hemp, jute, flax, ramie, sisal, bagasse, banana, flower bark (lacebark), silk, tendon, gut, wool, seaweed fiber, mohair, angora, cashmere, collagen, actin, nylon, dacron, rayon Nylon, bamboo, modal, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, or combinations thereof. 45. The facial mask according to any one of clauses 25 to 44, wherein the linear mass density of the water-soluble non-woven substrate is in the range of 1 dtex to 5 dtex. 46. The facial mask of any one of clauses 25 to 45, wherein the water-soluble non-woven substrate is biodegradable. 47. The facial mask according to any one of clauses 25 to 46, wherein the plurality of fibers comprises at least one fiber type having a tenacity in the range of 3 cN/dtex to 15 cN/dtex and an average diameter of 10 microns to 300 microns In the range, it has a substantially uniform average diameter, and/or the average length is in the range of 10 millimeters (mm) to 100 mm. 48. The facial mask according to any one of clauses 25 to 47, wherein the non-woven substrate has a porosity of 30% to 90%. 49. The facial mask according to clause 27, wherein the water-soluble resin comprises a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer having a degree of hydrolysis in the range of 75% to 99.9%. 50. The facial mask according to any one of clauses 25 to 49, wherein the non-woven substrate exhibits a shrinkage rate of 0.5% to 65% after contact with water at a temperature higher than 10°C. 51. A method for making a skin cleansing article, the method comprising: forming a core substrate comprising a water soluble resin, the water soluble nonwoven substrate having a first region and a second region; and forming a core substrate in the first region A first active cleaning formulation is contained and a second active cleaning formulation is contained in the second zone. 52. The method of clause 51, wherein comprising a first active cleaning formulation in the first region comprises at least one of: saturating the first region of the core substrate with the first active cleaning formulation disposing the first active cleaning formulation on the surface of the first region of the core substrate; coating the surface of the first region of the core substrate with the first active cleaning formulation; An active cleaning formulation is embedded in the first region of the core substrate; or the first region of the core substrate is impregnated with the first active cleaning formulation. 53. The method of clause 51 or 52, wherein forming the core substrate comprising a resin comprises recycling the core substrate to produce the resin. 54. The method of any one of clauses 51 to 53, wherein the resin and the core substrate are water soluble, and the skin cleansing article is a water soluble facial mask. 55. A skin cleansing article configured to deliver a cosmetic or dermal therapy to the skin of a user, the skin cleansing article comprising: a core substrate comprising a resin, the core substrate having a second active cleansing formulation comprising a first active cleansing formulation A zone wherein the skin cleansing article is substantially dry or solid and is configured to be at least water-dispersible or water-soluble, wherein the core substrate is exposed to water at a temperature above 10°C according to test method MSTM-205 At least dispersible or soluble upon contact for a period of time to release the first active cleansing formulation from the water-dispersible core substrate. 56. The skin cleansing article of clause 55, wherein the temperature is above 40°C and the period of time is from 30 seconds to 300 seconds. 57. A skin cleansing article configured to deliver a cosmetic or dermal therapy to the skin of a user, comprising: a first nonwoven substrate comprising a plurality of fibers comprising a water soluble or water dispersible resin, the A first nonwoven substrate having a first zone; a first active cleaning formulation contained in the first zone; a second nonwoven substrate coupled to the first nonwoven substrate, the second nonwoven a substrate comprising a plurality of fibers comprising one of a water-dispersible resin or a water-soluble resin, the second nonwoven substrate having a second zone; and a second active cleaning formulation contained in the second zone, Wherein, when the first non-woven substrate is contacted with water at a temperature higher than 10°C for 300 seconds or less, the first non-woven substrate is soluble or dispersible according to MSTM-205 to remove from the first non-woven substrate. The woven substrate releases the first active cleaning formulation. 58. The skin cleansing article of clause 57, wherein the first nonwoven substrate is water soluble, the second nonwoven substrate comprises a plurality of fibers comprising a water dispersible resin, and when the second nonwoven substrate The second nonwoven substrate is dispersible according to MSTM-205 to release the second active cleaning formulation from the second nonwoven substrate when the substrate is in contact with water at a temperature above 10° C. for 300 seconds or less. 59. The skin cleansing article of clause 57 or 58, wherein the first nonwoven substrate is water soluble, the second nonwoven substrate comprises a plurality of fibers comprising a water soluble resin, and when the second nonwoven The second nonwoven substrate is soluble according to MSTM-205 to release the second active cleaning formulation from the second nonwoven substrate when the substrate is in contact with water at a temperature above 10° C. for 300 seconds or less. 60. The skin cleansing article of any one of clauses 57 to 59, further comprising a water soluble or water dispersible film coupled to one of the first nonwoven substrate and the second nonwoven substrate.

Unless otherwise specified, all percentages, parts and ratios referred to herein are based on the total dry weight of the fiber composition, film composition, or encapsulant composition of the present invention, as the case may be determined, and all measurements were made at about 25°C. All percentages, parts and ratios referred to herein for liquid formulations are by total weight of the liquid formulation. All such weights as they pertain to listed ingredients are based on the active amount and, therefore, do not include carriers or by-products that may be included in commercially available materials, unless otherwise specified.

All ranges stated herein include all possible subsets of ranges and any combination of such subset ranges. Unless otherwise stated, default ranges include the stated endpoints. Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening value between the upper and lower limit of that range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of such smaller ranges may independently be included in the smaller ranges and are also encompassed within the invention, subject to any specific exclusive limitation within that stated range. Where the stated range includes either or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included in the invention.

Where expressly contemplated, for any value described herein, e.g., as a parameter of that subject matter or as part of a range relating to that subject matter, alternatives to the constituent specification are functionally equivalent ranges surrounding the particular value, e.g., for Dimensions disclosed as "40 millimeters (mm)" are contemplated as "about 40 mm" for alternative embodiments.

Reference throughout this specification to "example embodiments" or "an embodiment" may mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with a particular embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of claimed subject matter. Thus, appearances of the phrase "example embodiment" or "an example embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment or any one particular embodiment described. In addition, it is to be understood that the particular features, structures, or characteristics described may be combined in various ways in one or more embodiments. In general, these and other issues may, of course, vary with the particular use case. Thus, a particular situation in this specification or the use of these terms may provide helpful guidance as to inferences about that situation.

Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosed in an illustrative form of implementing the claimed claims.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that an almost infinite number of variations from the above description are possible and that the examples and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of one or more examples of implementations.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from claimed subject matter. Additionally, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation to the teachings of claimed subject matter without departing from the central concept described herein. Therefore, it is intended that claimed subject matter not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that such claimed subject matter may also include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

In the foregoing detailed description, numerous specific details were set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of what is claimed. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that claimed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, methods, apparatus, or systems that would be known by those of ordinary skill in the art have not been described in detail so as not to obscure claimed subject matter.

20: Water-soluble skin cleansing items 22: Water-soluble substrate/water-soluble mask 24: Water-soluble non-woven substrate 26: First Surface 28:Second surface 30: First opening/Right eye opening 32: Second or left eye opening 34: The third opening 36: Fourth opening 40: District 1 42: Second District 44: Third District 46: District 4 50: active cleansing formulation 52: Matrix 54: Non-woven sheet 60: Sustainable packaging 62: label 100: method 102: Step 104: Step 106: Step A: Hatching

1 is a schematic plan view of an example water-dispersible skin cleansing article in the form of a mask and containing one or more active cleansing formulations in one or more corresponding regions of the mask, according to an example embodiment;

2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example water-dispersible skin cleansing article, as shown in FIG. 1 , taken along section line A-A, according to example embodiments;

Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another example water-dispersible skin cleansing article according to example embodiments;

4 is a perspective view of an example secondary package suitable for storing a plurality of water-dispersible or water-soluble skin cleansing articles according to example embodiments;

Figure 5 illustrates an example method for making a water-dispersible skin cleansing article according to example embodiments;

Figure 6 shows the dissolution results (at 23°C) for an example sample comprising a core substrate comprising at least one non-woven layer or sheet having a plurality of fibers comprising fibers having a degree of hydrolysis of 88%. Fibers of the first type (“F1”) of polyvinyl alcohol copolymers and fibers of the second type (“F2”) comprising polyvinyl alcohol copolymers with a degree of hydrolysis of 96%;

Figure 7 shows the dissolution results (at 23°C) of an example sample comprising a core substrate comprising an active cleaning formulation in Figure 6;

Figure 8 shows the dissolution results (at 40°C) of an example core substrate comprising at least one non-woven layer or sheet having a plurality of fibers comprising polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of 88% Fibers of the first type (“F1”) of copolymers and fibers of the second type (“F2”) comprising polyvinyl alcohol copolymers with a degree of hydrolysis of 96%;

Figure 9 shows the dissolution results (at 40°C) for an example sample comprising a core substrate comprising an active cleaning formulation in Figure 8; and

Figure 10 shows Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FI-IR) curves illustrating the transfer of an active cleaning formulation from a water soluble nonwoven layer or sheet as a core substrate to the surface of a separate article made of polyester.

20: Water-soluble skin cleansing items

22: Water-soluble substrate/water-soluble mask

24: Water-soluble non-woven substrate

30: First opening/Right eye opening

32: Second opening/Left eye opening

34: The third opening

36: Fourth opening

40: District 1

42: Second District

44: Third District

46: District 4

A: Hatching

Claims (60)

A skin cleansing article configured to deliver cosmetic or dermotherapy to the skin of a user, the skin cleansing article comprising: a core substrate comprising a resin having a first region comprising a first active cleaning formulation and a second region comprising a second active cleaning formulation, wherein the skin cleansing article is configured to be at least water-dispersible or water-soluble, and the core substrate is at least dispersible or soluble after a period of contact with water at a temperature above 10°C according to test method MSTM-205, so as to release at least one of the first active cleaning formulation and the second active cleaning formulation. 3. The skin cleansing article of claim 1, wherein the skin cleansing article is substantially dry or solid, wherein the moisture or solvent content is less than 10% by weight prior to contact with water. The skin cleansing article according to claim 1, wherein the period of time is in the range of about 30 seconds to about 300 seconds, or about 30 seconds to about 600 seconds, or about 30 seconds to about 900 seconds. The skin cleansing article according to claim 1, wherein the dispersion time or dissolution time of the core substrate is 300 seconds or less at a temperature of 30°C to 40°C according to MSTM-205. The skin cleansing article of claim 1, wherein the core substrate is substantially flat and contourable to the contour of the user's skin surface. The skin cleansing article according to claim 1, wherein the core substrate comprises at least one non-woven substrate comprising a plurality of fibers comprising the resin selected from water-dispersible resins or water-soluble at least one of the resins. A skin cleansing article according to claim 6, wherein the resin is a polymer comprising vinyl alcohol moieties. The skin cleansing article according to claim 7, wherein the vinyl alcohol moiety comprises polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, polyvinyl alcohol copolymer or a combination thereof. The skin cleansing article according to claim 8, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer is a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol. The skin cleansing article according to claim 8, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer comprises an anionically modified copolymer. The cleaning article of claim 10, wherein the anionically modified copolymer comprises carboxylate, sulfonate, or a combination thereof. The cleaning article of claim 8, wherein the plurality of fibers includes a first type of fiber and a second type of fiber, the first type of fiber includes a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer with a degree of hydrolysis ranging from about 75% to about 89%. The second type of fiber comprises a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer having a degree of hydrolysis ranging from about 90% to about 99.5%. 12. The cleaning article of claim 12, wherein the weight ratio of fibers of the first type to fibers of the second type is in the range of about 25:75 to about 75:25. The cleaning article of claim 12, wherein the fibers of the first type and the fibers of the second type are mixed together in the at least one nonwoven sheet. The cleaning article of claim 14, wherein the at least one nonwoven sheet comprises a first nonwoven layer made of the first type of fibers and a second nonwoven layer made of the second type of fibers. The skin cleansing article according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of fibers include 10% to 80% by weight of water-soluble fibers based on the total weight of the plurality of fibers, and the rest is water-insoluble fibers. The skin cleansing article of claim 1, wherein the first zone is positionable at a first part of the user's face, and the second zone is positionable at a second part of the user's face. The skin cleansing article of claim 8, wherein the first zone is separable from the second zone. 3. The skin cleansing article of claim 1, wherein each of the first active cleansing formulation and the second active cleansing formulation is in at least one of the following forms: solid, liquid, gel or serum form. The skin cleansing article of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first active cleansing formulation or the second active cleansing formulation is in solid form with a moisture content of less than 10%. The skin cleansing article according to claim 1, wherein each of the first active cleansing formulation and the second active cleansing formulation includes one or more of the following: hyaluronic acid, aloe vera, chamomile extract, lactic acid, Citric Acid, Hydrolyzed Collagen, Polysaccharide, Peptide, Surfactant, Foaming Agent, Ceramide, Glycolic Acid, Alpha-Hydroxy Acid, Amino Acid, Activated Carbon, Sunscreen, Mineral (Zn), Even Benzene Avobenzone, antioxidant, energizer, caffeine, ginsing, taurocholin, retinol, retinoic acid, niacinamide, salicylic acid, lactic acid, or azelaic acid ), or any combination thereof. The skin cleansing article of claim 1, wherein each of the first active cleansing formulation and the second active cleansing formulation is at least one of: disposed on the surface of the core substrate or embedded In the matrix of the core substrate. The skin cleansing article of claim 1, wherein the core substrate is at least one of: saturated with an active cleansing formulation, coated with an active cleansing formulation, or impregnated with an active cleansing formulation. The skin cleansing article according to claim 1, wherein the core substrate transforms into a hydrogel after contact with water for 300 seconds or less at a temperature of 10°C or higher. A mask configured to deliver cosmetic or dermotherapy to the skin of a user, the mask comprising: A non-woven substrate comprising a plurality of fibers including a water-soluble resin, the non-woven substrate is water-soluble and has a first region and a second region; a first active cleaning formulation contained in the first zone; and a second active cleansing formulation contained in the second zone, Wherein the non-woven substrate is soluble according to test method MSTM-205 after contact with water at a temperature above 10°C for 300 seconds or less, so as to release the first active cleaning formulation and the water-soluble non-woven substrate from the water-soluble non-woven substrate At least one of the second active cleansing formulations. The facial mask according to claim 25, wherein the dissolving time of the non-woven substrate at a temperature of 30°C to 40°C according to MSTM-205 is 300 seconds or less. The facial mask of claim 25, wherein the non-woven substrate has a moisture content of less than 10%. The facial mask according to claim 25, wherein the non-woven substrate is substantially flat and can be shaped to contour of the user's skin surface. The facial mask according to claim 25, wherein the first region can be positioned at a first part of the user's face, and the second region can be positioned at a second part of the user's face, wherein the first region and the The second division separates. The facial mask of claim 25, wherein each of the first active cleansing formulation and the second active cleansing formulation is in at least one of the following forms: solid, liquid, gel or serum form. The facial mask according to claim 25, wherein each of the first active cleansing formulation and the second active cleansing formulation includes one or more of the following: hyaluronic acid, aloe vera, chamomile extract, lactic acid, citric acid , hydrolyzed collagen, polysaccharide, peptide, surfactant, foaming agent, ceramide, glycolic acid, α-hydroxy acid, amino acid, activated carbon, sunscreen, mineral (Zn), even benzophenone, Antioxidants, stimulants, caffeine, ginseng, taurocholin, retinol, retinoic acid, niacinamide, salicylic acid, lactic acid, or azelaic acid, or any combination thereof. The facial mask of claim 25, wherein the plurality of fibers are saturated with one of the first active cleansing formulation or the second active cleansing formulation. The facial mask according to claim 25, wherein each of the first active cleansing formulation and the second active cleansing formulation is one of the following: disposed on the surface of the plurality of fibers or embedded in the plurality of fibers in the fiber. The facial mask according to claim 25, wherein the plurality of fibers include fiber types comprising one or more of the following: polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, or a combination thereof. The facial mask of claim 34, wherein the degree of hydrolysis of the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer is in the range of about 75% to about 89%. The facial mask according to claim 34, wherein the degree of hydrolysis of the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer is in the range of about 90% to about 99.9%. The facial mask according to claim 34, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol copolymer comprises an anion-modified copolymer comprising carboxylate, sulfonate or a combination thereof. The mask of claim 25, wherein the plurality of fibers include fibers of the first type and fibers of the second type, wherein the fibers of the first type and the fibers of the second type have one or more of the following characteristics Differences: length to diameter (LID) ratio, tenacity, shape, stiffness, elasticity, water solubility, melting point, glass transition temperature ( _Tg ), fiber chemical composition or color, or any combination thereof. The facial mask of claim 38, wherein each of the first type of fiber and the second type of fiber comprises polyvinyl alcohol homopolymer, polyvinyl alcohol copolymer, or a combination thereof. The facial mask as claimed in claim 38, wherein the first type of fiber comprises a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer with a degree of hydrolysis ranging from 75% to 89%, and The second type of fiber comprises polyvinyl alcohol copolymers having a degree of hydrolysis in the range of 90% to 99.5%. The facial mask of claim 40, wherein the weight ratio of the first type of fibers to the second type of fibers is in the range of about 25:75 to about 75:25. The facial mask according to claim 40, wherein the fibers of the first type and the fibers of the second type are mixed together in the same non-woven sheet or separated in different non-woven sheets. The facial mask according to claim 38, wherein one of the first type of fibers or the second type of fibers comprises a water-insoluble polymer fiber forming material. As the facial mask of claim 43, wherein the water-insoluble polymer fiber forming material includes one or more of the following materials: cotton, hemp, jute, flax, ramie, sisal hemp, bagasse, banana, flower bark (lacebark ), silk, tendon, gut, wool, seaweed fiber, mohair, angora, cashmere, collagen, actin, nylon, dacron, rayon, Bamboo, modal, cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, or combinations thereof. The facial mask according to claim 25, wherein the linear mass density of the water-soluble non-woven substrate is in the range of 1 dtex to 5 dtex. The facial mask according to claim 25, wherein the water-soluble non-woven substrate is biodegradable. The facial mask of claim 25, wherein the plurality of fibers includes at least one fiber type with a tenacity ranging from 3 cN/dtex to 15 cN/dtex, The average diameter is in the range of 10 microns to 300 microns, have a substantially uniform mean diameter, And/or have an average length in the range of 10 millimeters (mm) to 100 mm. The facial mask according to claim 25, wherein the non-woven substrate has a porosity of 30% to 90%. The facial mask according to claim 27, wherein the water-soluble resin comprises a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer with a degree of hydrolysis ranging from 75% to 99.9%. The facial mask according to claim 25, wherein the non-woven base material exhibits a shrinkage rate of 0.5% to 65% after being in contact with water at a temperature higher than 10°C. A method for making a skin cleansing article, the method comprising: forming a core substrate comprising a water soluble resin, the water soluble nonwoven substrate having a first region and a second region; and A first active cleaning formulation is contained in the first zone and a second active cleaning formulation is contained in the second zone. The method of claim 51, wherein making the first region contain a first active cleaning formulation comprises at least one of: saturating the first region of the core substrate with the first active cleaning formulation; The first active cleaning formulation is disposed on the surface of the first region of the core substrate; the surface of the first region of the core substrate is coated with the first active cleaning formulation; the first active cleaning The formulation is embedded in the first region of the core substrate; or the first region of the core substrate is impregnated with the first active cleaning formulation. The method of claim 51, wherein forming the core substrate comprising a resin comprises recycling the core substrate to produce the resin. The method of claim 51, wherein the resin and the core substrate are water-soluble, and the skin cleansing article is a water-soluble facial mask. A skin cleansing article configured to deliver cosmetic or dermotherapy to the skin of a user, the skin cleansing article comprising: A core substrate comprising a resin having a first region comprising a first active cleansing formulation, wherein the skin cleansing article is substantially dry or solid and configured to be at least water-dispersible or water-soluble , Wherein the core substrate is at least dispersible or soluble after contacting with water at a temperature higher than 10°C for a period of time according to test method MSTM-205, so as to release the first active cleaning formulation from the water-dispersible core substrate. The skin cleansing article according to claim 55, wherein the temperature is higher than 40° C. and the period of time is 30 seconds to 300 seconds. A skin cleansing article configured to deliver cosmetic or dermotherapy to the skin of a user comprising: a first nonwoven substrate comprising a plurality of fibers comprising a water soluble resin or a water dispersible resin, the first nonwoven substrate having a first region; a first active cleaning formulation contained in the first zone; A second nonwoven substrate coupled to the first nonwoven substrate, the second nonwoven substrate comprising a plurality of fibers comprising one of a water dispersible resin or a water soluble resin, the second nonwoven substrate the material has a second zone; and a second active cleansing formulation contained in the second zone, Wherein, when the first non-woven substrate is contacted with water at a temperature higher than 10°C for 300 seconds or less, the first non-woven substrate is soluble or dispersible according to MSTM-205 to remove from the first non-woven substrate. The woven substrate releases the first active cleaning formulation. The skin cleansing article according to claim 57, wherein the first nonwoven substrate is water-soluble, the second nonwoven substrate comprises a plurality of fibers comprising a water-dispersible resin, and when the second nonwoven substrate and The second nonwoven substrate is dispersible according to MSTM-205 to release the second active cleaning formulation from the second nonwoven substrate upon contact with water at a temperature above 10° C. for 300 seconds or less. The skin cleansing article according to claim 57, wherein the first non-woven substrate is water-soluble, the second non-woven substrate comprises a plurality of fibers comprising a water-soluble resin, and when the second non-woven substrate and temperature The second nonwoven substrate is soluble according to MSTM-205 to release the second active cleaning formulation from the second nonwoven substrate upon exposure to water above 10° C. for 300 seconds or less. 51. The skin cleansing article of claim 57, further comprising a water soluble or water dispersible film coupled to one of the first nonwoven substrate and the second nonwoven substrate.

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