TW202308953A - Chemically strengthened uv & blue light blocking anti-microbial bio-glass - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention describes a chemically strengthened UV and blue light blocking antimicrobial bio-glass and its composition. The bio-glass having a Figure of merit of Bio-friendly Glass (FOMBFG) factor between 0.5 [mu]g/cm2 and 13,500 [mu]g/cm2 exhibits a good UV-blocking (ultraviolet-blocking), blue light-blocking, and anti-microbial properties. The FOMBFG is defined as (Blocking % of UV at 380nm) * (Blocking % of Blue light at 430nm) * (Ag concentration at the surface of glass). The bio-glass exhibits a maximum of 100% UV light-blocking property and a maximum of 45% blue light-blocking property.

Description

Chemically strengthened UV and blue light blocking anti-microbial bioglass

The present invention describes a bioglass composition. More specifically, the present invention focuses on a glass composition having UV and blue light blocking properties. The present invention further describes a glass composition with antimicrobial properties that exhibits higher strength through ion exchange strengthening.

In recent years, electronic devices with display screens have been widely used. Electronic devices, such as cell phones and wearable devices, are used in both indoor and outdoor environments. Since such electronic devices are exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) from sunlight, they face new challenges in outdoor environments. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation tends to affect the life of display screens such as OLED, LED, LCD and the like. Therefore, there is a need for a new solution to block the ultraviolet light in the cover glass, which protects the display under the cover glass and prevents damage to the display of the electronic device.

Another major problem in the modern world is the amount of screen viewing time that electronic device users must deal with each day. Electronic devices such as mobile phones, tablets or wearables emit artificial blue light. Because the intensity of blue light is higher than that of any other light in the full spectrum of light, blue light constricts the eyes and increases eye fatigue by overexerting the eye muscles. Since the human eye is not good at blocking blue light, blue light may also directly affect the retina and cause damage, leading to cataracts. The wavelength of blue light is shorter, close to the wavelength of ultraviolet rays of sunlight. When a person is exposed to large amounts of blue light emitted by electronic devices, the blue light can greatly damage the deep layers of the skin and may eventually lead to premature aging and skin cancer. Therefore, there is a need for a solution to reduce blue light emitted from display screens of electronic devices.

Since cover glass has been commonly used to protect display screens of electronic devices, using a cover glass with ultraviolet and blue light blocking properties can solve the above problems. It is well known that the properties of cover glass are highly dependent on glass composition and ion exchange conditions. Therefore, there is a need for a cover glass with UV and blue light blocking properties.

In addition, touch screen technology is already commonly used by individuals on their mobile phones and wearable devices, and it is also used by countless people in public places such as kiosks and tablet computers that provide services. use on. With millions of people interacting with touchscreens every day on devices such as kiosks, touchscreens can be a breeding ground for all kinds of bacteria and viruses. Wiping the screen after each use is impractical, and there is no guarantee that hygiene practices will be followed. The use of antimicrobial screen covers on the display screens of such devices prevents the spread of any infection during their use in medical centers and hospitals. Therefore, there is also a need for a cover glass with antimicrobial properties.

Objects of the Invention Some of the objects of the invention are described herein. The object of the present invention is to provide a bioglass composition. Another object of the present invention is to provide an ultraviolet blocking (UV blocking) and blue light blocking biological glass composition.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a bioglass composition with a UV blocking property of up to 100%, wherein the wavelength of the UV light is less than or equal to 380 nm.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a bioglass composition with a blue light blocking property of up to 45%, wherein the wavelength of the blue light is less than or equal to 430 nm.

Another object of the present invention is to provide bioglass compositions with antimicrobial properties. Another object of the present invention is to provide ultraviolet blocking, blue light blocking and antimicrobial bioglass.

Another object of the present invention is to provide UV-blocking, blue-light blocking and anti-microbial bioglass composition by Bio-Friendly Glass Figure of Merit (FOMBFG) factor. The present invention provides FOMBFG coefficients in the range of 0.5 to 13,500 µg/cm ² .

Another object of the present invention is to subject the bioglass composition to the ion exchange process.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a bioglass composition with higher strength and longer service life.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a bioglass composition is disclosed. The present invention discloses a bioglass composition with ultraviolet blocking (UV blocking) properties and blue light blocking properties. In another embodiment, the present invention discloses bioglass compositions having UV blocking properties, blue light blocking properties, and antimicrobial properties.

In one embodiment, the ultraviolet light blocking property of the bioglass is up to 100%, and the ultraviolet light blocking property blocks ultraviolet light with a wavelength less than or equal to 380 nm.

In one embodiment, the blue light blocking property of the bioglass is up to 45%, and the blue light blocking property blocks blue light with a wavelength less than or equal to 430 nm.

In one embodiment, the present invention discloses a biofriendly glass figure of merit (FOMBFG) coefficient describing good UV blocking, blue light blocking, and antimicrobial bioglass compositions. In one embodiment, FOMBFG is defined as (% UV blocking at 380 nm) ^* (% blue blocking at 430 nm) ^* (Ag concentration at the surface of the glass). In one embodiment, the minimum value of FOMBFG of the bioglass is 0.5 µg/cm ² . In one embodiment, the maximum value of FOMBFG of the bioglass is 13,500 µg/cm ² .

In one embodiment, the glass composition comprises SiO ₂ in the range of about 40 wt.% to about 70 wt.%; Al ₂ O ₃ in the range of about 5 wt.% to about 35 wt.%; _B2O3 in the range of about 0 wt.% to about 10 wt.%; _{Li2O in} the range of about 0 wt.% to about 10 wt.%; in the range of about 5 wt.% to about 25 wt .% Na ₂ O in the range; K ₂ O in the range of about 0 wt.% to about 5 wt.%; MgO in the range of about 0 wt.% to about 7 wt.%; ZnO in the range of 0 wt.% to about 5 wt.%; ZrO in the range of about 0 wt.% to about 5 wt.%; in the range of about 0 wt.% to about 2 wt _. % SnO ₂ ; Fe ₂ O ₃ in the range of about 0 wt.% to about 3 wt.%; CeO ₂ in the range of about 0 wt.% to about 3 wt.%; at about 0 wt.% P ₂ O ₅ in the range of to about 7 wt.%; and TiO ₂ in the range of about 0 wt.% to about 3 wt.%.

In one embodiment, the amounts of _Fe2O3 and _CeO2 affect the properties of the bioglass composition _. The presence of specific amounts of iron and cerium endows the bioglass with improved UV and blue light blocking properties. Similarly, the amount of silver (Ag) in a bioglass composition describes a glass with better antimicrobial properties.

In one embodiment, high strength can be provided to the cover glass by chemical strengthening with multiple ion exchanges. In one embodiment, the bioglass can be subjected to a single ion exchange method or a dual ion exchange method and a silver ion exchange method. The ion exchange method is based on the size of the ions. When larger ions are exchanged for smaller ions in glass, the larger ions fill the surface area previously occupied by smaller ions, creating compressive stress on the interior surfaces of the glass, which corresponds to an increase in the strength of the glass. The resulting compressive stress is reported to be proportional to the volume of ion-exchanged glass. Once the glass is subjected to the ion exchange process, the glass exhibits high resistance to cracking.

In one embodiment, the bioglass composition described in the present invention is an aluminosilicate glass composition or a lithium aluminosilicate glass composition. Lithium aluminosilicate glass compositions are dual ion exchangeable, while aluminosilicate glass compositions are single ion exchangeable. The ion exchangeable glass is then added to the silver salt bath for silver ion exchange to obtain antimicrobial properties. The ion-exchangeable glass compositions described in this invention use potassium and silver salts to increase the blocking of UV and blue light. Additionally, it provides greater strength to the glass composition.

In one embodiment, the bioglass has better durability, higher crack resistance, higher post-damage residual strength, and higher sharp impact strength, and the glass can withstand a greater number of device drops before failure .

In one embodiment, the bioglass can be used as a substrate and back cover for touch panel displays such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), field emission displays (FEDs), plasmonic displays (PDs), electroluminescent Light Emitting Displays (ELD), Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) displays, Micro LEDs and the like. Bioglass is used to protect electronic devices with display screens, such as mobile phones, entertainment devices, tablet computers, laptop computers, digital cameras, wearable devices, and the like.

These and other aspects, advantages and salient features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description.

In the following description, like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views shown in the drawings. It should also be understood that, unless otherwise specified, terms such as "top," "bottom," "outward," "inward," and the like are words of convenience and should not be construed as limiting the term. Additionally, whenever a group is described as comprising at least one of a group of elements and combinations thereof, it is to be understood that the group may comprise, consist essentially of, or consists of it. Similarly, whenever a group is described as consisting of at least one of a group of elements or combinations thereof, it is to be understood that the group may consist of any number of those stated elements alone or in combination with each other. When stated, unless otherwise specified, a range of values includes the upper and lower limits of that range and any range therebetween. As used herein, unless specified otherwise, the indefinite article "a/an" and the corresponding definite article "the" mean "at least one" or "one or more" . It should also be understood that the various features disclosed in the specification and drawings can be used in any and all combinations.

As used herein, the terms "glass article" and "glass articles" are used in their broadest sense to include any object made entirely or in part of glass. All compositions are expressed in weight percent (wt.%) unless otherwise specified. All temperatures are expressed in degrees Celsius (°C) unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is expressed in the form of 10 ⁻⁷ /° C. and represents the value measured in the temperature ^range of about 50° C. to about 300° C. As used herein, the term "annealing point" refers to the temperature at which the viscosity of the glass is about 1 x ^1013.2 poise hours.

It should be noted that the terms "substantially" and "about" may be used herein to denote the degree of inherent uncertainty attributable to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement or other representation. These terms are also utilized herein to denote the degree to which a quantitative representation may vary from a stated reference without resulting in a change in the basic function of the subject matter at issue.

Recently, with the advancement of technology, electronic devices such as mobile phones, tablet computers, wearable devices, digital cameras and the like have been widely used. These electronic devices have display screens protected by cover glasses of various compositions. The present invention describes a bioglass composition with good ultraviolet blocking (UV blocking) properties and blue light blocking properties. This type of glass composition provides a better lifespan for the display screen. Likewise, bioglass reduces damage to the user's eyes due to continuous exposure to electronic devices. Another embodiment of the present invention describes a bioglass composition with good UV blocking properties, blue light blocking properties and antimicrobial properties.

Electronic devices used in outdoor environments are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation may shorten the life of display screens in electronic devices. Therefore, the present invention proposes a bioglass composition with ultraviolet light blocking properties for protecting display screens. The present invention describes bioglass compositions that exhibit a minimum of 9% UV blocking properties that block UV light with a wavelength less than or equal to 380 nm.

Longer screen viewing times of electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, and similar devices result in continuous exposure of the human eye to blue light. Since the human eye cannot block harmful blue light, this blue light can cause tension in the eye muscles and nerves. Therefore, the present invention proposes a bioglass composition with blue light blocking properties that reduces the exposure of the human eye to blue light. The present invention describes bioglass compositions that exhibit a minimum of 8% blue light blocking properties that block blue light with a wavelength less than or equal to 430 nm. In a specific embodiment, the present invention describes bioglass compositions exhibiting (30±3)% blue light blocking properties that block blue light with a wavelength less than or equal to 430 nm. In a specific embodiment, the present invention describes a bioglass composition that exhibits a blue light blocking property of 45% that blocks blue light having a wavelength less than or equal to 430 nm.

Touchscreen technology is already commonly used by individuals on their mobile phones and wearable devices, and it is also used by countless people on devices such as kiosks and service-providing tablets in public places. With millions of people interacting with touchscreens every day on devices such as kiosks, touchscreens can be a breeding ground for all kinds of bacteria and viruses. Therefore, it is important to provide antimicrobial properties to bioglass compositions. The effectiveness of silver nanoparticles in irreversibly disrupting bacterial cell membranes is well known in the art. Silver nanoparticles can bind and penetrate cell membranes, thereby blocking host cells. Accordingly, the present invention describes the use of silver ions to act as an antimicrobial agent to keep glass free from bacteria and viruses. The present invention describes bioglass compositions with silver (Ag) concentrations in the glass in the range of 0.001 to 3 wt.%. Preferably, the amount of Ag concentration can be in the range of 0.01 to 0.07 wt.%, in order to obtain good antimicrobial properties in the bioglass composition. It was also found that the addition of ZnO to the glass composition improves antimicrobial behavior. Preferably, the ZnO of the glass composition is about 0 wt.% to 5 wt.%. ZnO is an intermediate oxide that becomes a network-forming ion in the glass. It is also well known in the art that lower concentrations of ZnO affect the survival of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Thus, the presence of ZnO in the glass composition allows the glass to act as an antimicrobial agent.

In order to measure desirable properties of glass compositions, the present invention discloses Bio-Friendly Glass Figure of Merit (FOMBFG) coefficients that describe good UV blocking, blue light blocking, and antimicrobial bioglass compositions. FOMBFG can be expressed by the following equation (1):

The FOMBFG of bioglass has a minimum value of 0.5 µg/cm ² and a maximum value of 13,500 µg/cm ² . The minimum Ag concentration at the surface of the bioglass was 0.001 wt.%, and the maximum Ag concentration at the surface of the bioglass was 3 wt.%.

The present invention describes in detail various bioglass compositions. This invention primarily describes alkali aluminosilicate glasses and their compositions. Glass compositions include one or more chemical components such as SiO ₂ , B ₂ O ₃ and Al ₂ O ₃ . Further, the alkali metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of Li ₂ O, Na ₂ O and K ₂ O. Further, the glass composition includes basic oxides such as MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO. It may also contain other chemical components such as ZnO, ZrO ₂ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , CeO ₂ , P ₂ O ₅ , TiO ₂ and the like. It may also contain fining agents such as SnO ₂ , chlorides, sulfates, and the like. Further, it may also contain Fe ₂ O ₃ and CeO ₂ . The properties of bioglass are highly influenced by the wt.% of the constituents of the glass composition.

The present invention describes the optimal wt.% of the various components of the composition. The bioglass composition comprises SiO ₂ in the range of about 40 wt.% to about 70 wt.%; Al 2 O 3 in the range of about 5 wt.% to about 35 wt.%; Al ₂ O ₃ in the range of about 0 wt.% _B2O3 in the range of to about 10 wt.%; _Li2O in the range of about 0 wt.% to about 10 wt.%; in the range of about 5 wt.% to _about 25 wt.% Na ₂ O; K ₂ O in the range of about 0 wt.% to about 5 wt.%; MgO in the range of about 0 wt.% to about 7 wt.%; ZnO in the range of about 5 wt.%; ZrO in the range of _about 0 wt.% to about 5 wt _. %; SnO in the range of about 0 wt.% to about 2 wt.%; _Fe2O3 in the range of about 0 wt.% to about 3 wt.%; _CeO2 in the range _of about 0 wt.% to about 3 wt.%; in the range of about 0 wt.% to about 7 wt. % in the range of P ₂ O ₅ and in the range of about 0 wt.% to about 3 wt.% of TiO ₂ . The bioglass can be lithium aluminosilicate glass or sodium aluminosilicate glass.

Table 1 presents non-limiting exemplary glass compositions as follows: Wt.% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 SiO ₂ 59.00 55.70 59.67 59.04 59.04 59.01 59.70 58.67 58.74 59.70 Al ₂ O ₃ 18.36 25.20 18.57 18.37 18.37 18.36 18.58 18.26 18.28 18.58 B ₂ O ₃ 1.86 0.19 1.88 1.86 1.86 1.86 1.88 1.85 1.85 1.88 Li ₂ O 3.06 3.66 3.09 3.06 3.06 3.06 3.10 3.04 3.05 3.10 Na ₂ O 7.81 8.32 7.89 7.81 7.81 7.81 7.90 7.76 7.77 7.90 K ₂ O 0.00 1.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ZnO 4.29 0.01 4.34 4.29 4.29 4.29 4.34 4.26 4.27 4.34 _ZrO2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 _SnO2 0.185 0.150 0.188 0.186 0.186 0.186 0.167 0.184 0.185 0.17 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.078 0.094 0.061 0.000 0.000 0.060 0.022 0.113 0.000 0.019 _CeO2 1.110 0.000 0.000 1.112 1.112 1.111 0.000 1.613 1.620 0.000 P ₂ O ₅ 4.26 5.39 4.31 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.31 4.24 4.24 4.31 TiO ₂ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 total 100.00 100.09 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Table 1: Exemplary Glass Compositions

Table 2 presents non-limiting exemplary glass compositions as follows: Wt.% 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 SiO ₂ 61.95 61.79 61.99 61.58 60.49 60.46 60.48 62.10 62.07 Al ₂ O ₃ 19.65 19.60 18.69 17.95 17.74 19.18 18.24 19.70 18.71 B ₂ O ₃ 3.59 3.58 3.72 2.91 4.15 3.50 3.63 3.60 3.72 Li ₂ O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na ₂ O 13.06 13.03 13.99 14.75 13.84 12.75 13.64 13.10 14.01 K ₂ O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO 1.40 1.39 1.14 0.98 0.97 1.36 1.11 1.40 1.14 ZnO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 _ZrO2 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.06 _SnO2 0.183 0.183 0.184 0.187 0.185 0.136 0.179 0.14 0.18 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.046 0.046 0.049 0.000 0.048 0.047 0.048 0.000 0.050 _CeO2 0.000 0.261 0.131 1.633 2.563 2.556 2.561 0.000 0.000 TiO ₂ 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.06 P ₂ O ₅ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.04 100.00 Table 2: Exemplary Glass Compositions

Table 3 presents non-limiting exemplary glass compositions as follows: Wt.% 20 (173) twenty one twenty two twenty three twenty four 25 26 27 28 SiO ₂ 62.09 62.00 62.60 62.12 61.87 62.00 48.11 52.95 52.56 Al ₂ O ₃ 18.72 18.69 18.25 18.22 19.63 19.00 26.04 19.97 26.07 B ₂ O ₃ 3.72 3.72 2.96 4.26 3.99 3.70 4.28 4.54 4.29 Li ₂ O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Na ₂ O 14.01 13.99 15.00 14.22 13.41 13.80 18.54 15.39 13.96 K ₂ O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 3.86 0.20 MgO 1.14 1.14 1.00 1.00 0.92 1.15 0.67 0.75 0.67 ZnO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 _ZrO2 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 _SnO2 0.184 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.05 0.05 0.05 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.022 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 _CeO2 0.000 0.130 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 TiO ₂ 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 P ₂ O ₅ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.21 2.48 2.21 total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Table 3: Exemplary Glass Compositions

Table 4 presents non-limiting exemplary glass compositions as follows: Wt.% 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 SiO ₂ 42.64 50.77 52.73 62.08 62.16 63.85 55.71 55.26 58.68 Al ₂ O ₃ 31.27 27.48 26.08 19.69 18.74 13.98 25.20 24.58 18.56 B ₂ O ₃ 4.19 4.52 6.01 3.60 3.73 0.00 0.19 0.00 1.58 Li ₂ O 0.00 5.27 3.28 0.00 0.00 5.83 3.66 2.89 2.95 Na ₂ O 18.15 8.64 8.34 13.09 14.03 10.39 8.32 10.93 9.40 K ₂ O 0.10 0.11 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.16 0.00 0.00 MgO 1.31 0.70 0.29 1.40 1.14 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.00 ZnO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.47 4.34 _ZrO2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.755 0.00 0.00 0.00 _SnO2 0.17 0.049 0.169 0.14 0.184 0.194 0.15 0.11 0.187 _{Fe2O3 _} 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.05 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 _CeO2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 TiO ₂ 0.00 0.13 0.0007 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 P ₂ O ₅ 2.16 2.33 2.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.39 4.75 4.31 total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Table 4: Exemplary Glass Compositions

In an exemplary embodiment, glass sample 7 has a glass composition comprising about 59.70 wt.% SiO ₂ ; about 18.58 wt.% Al ₂ O ₃ ; about 1.88 wt.% B ₂ O ₃ ; about 3.10 wt. % of Li ₂ O; about 7.90 wt.% of Na ₂ O; about 4.34 wt.% of ZnO; about 0.167 wt.% of SnO ₂ ; about 0.022 wt.% of Fe ₂ O ₃ and about 4.31 wt.% of P ₂ O ₅ .

In another exemplary embodiment, glass sample 14 has a glass composition comprising about 61.58 wt.% SiO ₂ ; about 17.95 wt.% Al ₂ O ₃ ; about 2.91 wt.% B ₂ O ₃ ; about 14.75 wt .% of Na ₂ O; about 0.98 wt.% of MgO; about 0.187 wt.% of SnO ₂ and about 1.633 wt.% of CeO ₂ .

Glass compositions with good UV and blue light blocking properties should also have higher strength. Accordingly, the present invention describes ion-exchanged glasses for high strengthening properties and better service life. Likewise, it has been found that the glass synergistically increases the blocking of ultraviolet and blue light after subsequent ion exchange at high temperature using a combination of potassium and silver salts.

The glass can be subjected to a single ion exchange process or a double ion exchange process. In one embodiment, the ion exchange method is based on the size of the ions. When larger ions are exchanged for smaller ions in glass, the larger ions fill the surface area previously occupied by smaller ions, creating compressive stress on the surface of the glass material, which corresponds to an increase in the strength of the glass material. The usual method is to immerse the glass in a molten salt bath of an alkali metal inorganic salt or a mixture of an alkali metal inorganic salt and other inorganic salts. The immersion time is sufficient to cause this exchange at only the surface layer of the glass article. The high compressive stress achieved by ion exchange helps the glass withstand a greater number of device drops before failure. In addition, the increase in the compressive stress of the glass exhibits high crack resistance. Therefore, the glass produced by the present invention can have better durability, high crack resistance, high post-damage retention strength and high violent impact strength.

In one embodiment, when the glass is a lithium aluminosilicate glass, the glass may be subjected to a double ion exchange process followed by a silver ion exchange process. The double ion exchange method of the present invention comprises a first step of ion-exchanging lithium ions and sodium ions present in the glass composition. Further, the second step describes the ion exchange of sodium ions and potassium ions present in the glass composition. The double ion exchange method not only increases the barrier properties of the glass, but also provides suitable strength for the bioglass composition. The double ion exchangeable glass can then be added to the silver salt bath for the silver ion exchange process.

In another embodiment, when the glass is a lithium-free aluminosilicate glass, the glass can be subjected to a single ion exchange process followed by a silver ion exchange process. The single ion exchange method of the present invention includes the step of ion-exchanging sodium ions and potassium ions present in the glass composition. This single ion exchange method not only increases the barrier properties of the glass, but also provides suitable strength for the bioglass composition. The single ion exchangeable glass can then be added to the silver salt bath for the silver ion exchange process.

Exemplary samples are shown in Table 5 describing the dual ion exchange and antimicrobial exchange methods for glass sample 7 with a thickness of 0.7 mm and the corresponding layer depth (DOL_ZERO), compressive stress (CS), central tension (CT ), wt.% of Ag in glass and Ag depth. serial number Step 1 _ Step 2 _ Antimicrobial Ion Exchange Step 1 ( SLP ) Step 2 ( FSM ) PMC CT (MPa) Ag in glass (wt.%) Salt (wt.%) temperature ( °C ) time ( minutes ) Salt (wt.%) temperature ( °C ) time ( minutes ) Salt (wt.%) temperature ( °C ) time ( minutes ) CS (MPa) DOL_zero (µm) CS (MPa) DOL (µm) CS (MPa) DOL_zero (µm) CS_TP (MPa) DOL_TP (µm) 1 60% KNO ₃ 390 240 100% KNO ₃ 390 12 100% KNO ₃ + 0.003% AgNO ₃ 390 30 58.41 142.23 1188.42 9.91 1189.89 138.78 52.33 9.5 30 0.0026 2 60% KNO ₃ 390 240 100% KNO ₃ 390 12 100% KNO ₃ + 0.004% AgNO ₃ 390 30 60.52 154.84 1188.08 9.99 1189.23 149.21 54.33 9.6 34 0.0026 3 60% KNO ₃ 390 240 100% KNO ₃ 390 12 100% KNO ₃ + 0.005% AgNO ₃ 390 30 58.41 142.23 1188.42 9.91 1189.89 138.78 52.33 9.5 30 0.0026 4 60% KNO ₃ 390 240 100% KNO ₃ 390 12 100% KNO ₃ + 0.006% AgNO ₃ 390 30 91.11 150.09 1231.76 9.13 1233.34 148.22 74.21 10.10 36 0.0026 5 60% KNO ₃ 390 240 100% KNO ₃ 390 12 100% KNO ₃ + 0.006% AgNO ₃ 390 30 101.90 144.04 1228.64 9.08 1230.62 139.81 73.98 10.25 37 0.00213 6 60% KNO ₃ 390 240 100% KNO ₃ 390 12 100% KNO ₃ + 0.066% AgNO ₃ 390 30 89.46 158.99 1291.16 8.55 1292.93 151.64 79.89 8.83 47 0.0326 7 60% KNO ₃ 390 240 100% KNO ₃ 390 12 100% KNO ₃ + 0.066% AgNO ₃ 390 30 - - - - - - - - - - 8 60% KNO ₃ 390 240 100% KNO ₃ 390 12 100% KNO ₃ + 0.150% AgNO ₃ 390 30 - - 1289.53 11.82 - - - - - 0.0552 9 60% KNO ₃ 390 240 100% KNO ₃ 390 12 100% KNO ₃ + 0.100% AgNO ₃ 390 30 91.13 151.12 1218.40 8.00 1220.10 145.56 86.64 8.90 48 0.0377 Table 5: Exemplary samples of the ion exchange method with DOL and CS for each step

In one embodiment, glass sample 7 was formed from a glass composition comprising about 59.70 wt.% SiO ₂ , about 18.58 wt.% Al ₂ O ₃ , about 1.88 wt.% B ₂ O ₃ , about 3.10 wt.% Li ₂ O, about 7.90 wt.% Na ₂ O, about 4.34 wt.% ZnO, about 0.167 wt.% SnO ₂ , about 0.022 wt.% Fe ₂ O ₃ and about 4.31 wt .% of P ₂ O ₅ . Glass sample 7 is lithium aluminosilicate glass. Strengthening of the lithium aluminosilicate glass is preferably performed by a double ion exchange method. In addition, glass sample 7 was subjected to silver ion exchange to obtain antimicrobial properties. In an exemplary embodiment, the first ion-exchanged salt bath includes 40 wt.% NaNO ₃ and 60 wt.% KNO ₃ . The glass substrate of glass sample 7 was immersed in a salt bath at a temperature of 390° C. for a period of 4 hours. The glass substrate was subjected to a compressive stress of 89.46 MPa corresponding to a depth of 158.99 µm. After being immersed in the salt bath of the first ion exchange, the glass substrate is further subjected to a second ion exchange treatment. The second ion exchange salt bath contained 100 wt.% _KNO3 . The glass substrate was immersed in a salt bath at a temperature of 390° C. for 12 minutes. The glass substrate was subjected to a compressive stress of 1291.16 MPa corresponding to a depth of 8.55 µm. Further, the two-step ion-exchanged glass substrates were subjected to a silver ion exchange method, in which the glass substrates were immersed in a salt bath containing 100 wt.% of _KNO3 and 0.066 wt.% of _AgNO3 , which was maintained at a temperature of 390 °C 30 minute period. The glass substrate acquired 0.0326 wt.% Ag at its surface.

Table 6 shows the description of glass sample 7 with a thickness of 0.7 mm and with corresponding layer depth (DOL_ZERO), compressive stress (CS), central tension (CT), wt.% of Ag in the glass and Ag depth for each step. Exemplary samples of the first step of the ion exchange method and the second step of the ion exchange method and the antimicrobial exchange method. serial number Step 1 _ Step 2 + Antimicrobial Ion Exchange Step 1 ( SLP ) Step 2 + Antimicrobial Ion Exchange ( FSM) PMC CT (MPa) Ag in glass (wt.%) Salt (wt.%) temperature ( °C ) time ( minutes ) Salt (wt.%) temperature ( °C ) time ( minutes ) CS (MPa) DOL_zero (µm) CS (MPa) DOL_zero (µm) CS (MPa) DOL_zero (µm) CS_TP (MPa) DOL_TP (µm) 1 60% KNO ₃ 390 240 100% KNO ₃ + 0.003% AgNO ₃ 390 12+30 60.52 154.84 1188.08 9.99 1189.23 149.21 54.33 9.6 30 0.0026 2 60% KNO ₃ 390 240 100% KNO ₃ + 0.004% AgNO ₃ 390 12+30 58.41 142.23 1188.42 9.91 1189.89 138.78 52.33 9.5 34 0.0026 3 60% KNO ₃ 390 240 100% KNO ₃ + 0.005% AgNO ₃ 390 12+30 101.90 144.04 1228.64 9.08 1230.62 139.81 73.98 10.25 34 0.0026 4 60% KNO ₃ 390 240 100% KNO ₃ + 0.006% AgNO ₃ 390 12+30 60.52 154.84 1188.08 9.99 1189.23 149.21 54.33 9.6 30 0.0023 5 60% KNO ₃ 390 240 100% KNO ₃ + 0.066% AgNO ₃ 390 12+30 58.41 142.23 1188.42 9.91 1189.89 138.78 52.33 9.5 34 0.0214 Table 6: Exemplary samples of the ion exchange method with DOL and CS for each step

In one embodiment, glass sample 7 was formed from a glass composition comprising about 59.70 wt.% SiO ₂ , about 18.58 wt.% Al ₂ O ₃ , about 1.88 wt.% B ₂ O ₃ , about 3.10 wt.% Li ₂ O, about 7.90 wt.% Na ₂ O, about 4.34 wt.% ZnO, about 0.167 wt.% SnO ₂ , about 0.022 wt.% Fe ₂ O ₃ and about 4.31 wt .% of P ₂ O ₅ . Glass sample 7 is lithium aluminosilicate glass. Glass sample 7 was subjected to a first step ion exchange process and a second step combination of ion exchange and silver ion exchange to obtain glass strengthening properties and antimicrobial properties. In an exemplary embodiment, the first ion-exchanged salt bath includes 40 wt.% NaNO ₃ and 60 wt.% KNO ₃ . The glass substrate of glass sample 7 was immersed in a salt bath at a temperature of 390° C. for a period of 4 hours. The glass substrate was subjected to a compressive stress of 101.90 MPa corresponding to a depth of 144.04 µm. After being immersed in the salt bath of the first ion exchange treatment, the glass substrate was further subjected to a combination of a second ion exchange treatment and a silver ion exchange treatment. The second ion exchange salt bath contained 100 wt.% KNO ₃ and 0.005 wt.% AgNO ₃ . The glass substrate was immersed in a salt bath at a temperature of 390° C. for 42 minutes. Initially, the second ion exchange treatment was allowed to continue for 12 minutes. Therefore, the glass substrate is subjected to a compressive stress of 1228.64 MPa corresponding to a depth of 9.08 µm. Subsequently, the silver ion exchange treatment was allowed to continue for 30 minutes. Thus, the glass substrate acquires 0.0026 wt.% of Ag at its surface.

Table 7 presents a list describing glass sample 14 with a thickness of 0.7 mm and with corresponding layer depth (DOL_ZERO), compressive stress (CS), central tension (CT), wt.% of Ag in the glass and Ag depth for each step Exemplary samples for ion exchange and antimicrobial exchange. serial number Step 1 _ Antimicrobial Ion Exchange Step 1 ( FSM) CT (MPa) Ag in glass (wt.%) Salt (wt.%) temperature ( °C ) time ( minutes ) Salt (wt.%) temperature ( °C ) time ( minutes ) CS (MPa) DOL_zero (µm) 1 100% KNO ₃ 420 210 100% KNO ₃ +0.003% AgNO ₃ 420 30 891.30 26.170 31 0.0020 2 100% KNO ₃ 420 210 100% KNO ₃ +0.003% AgNO ₃ 420 30 918.50 26.887 32 0.0020 3 100% KNO ₃ 430 250 100% KNO ₃ +0.004% AgNO ₃ 430 30 948.24 38.420 60 0.0030 4 100% KNO ₃ 430 250 100% KNO ₃ +0.005% AgNO ₃ 430 30 933.51 37.250 57 0.0120 5 100% KNO ₃ 450 210 100% KNO ₃ +0.066% AgNO ₃ 450 30 933.51 37.300 31 0.0214 Table 7: Exemplary samples of the ion exchange method with DOL and CS for each step

In one embodiment, glass sample 14 is formed from a glass composition comprising about 61.58 wt.% SiO ₂ , about 17.95 wt.% Al ₂ O ₃ , about 2.91 wt.% B ₂ O ₃ , about 14.75 wt.% of Na ₂ O, about 0.98 wt.% of MgO, about 0.187 wt.% of SnO ₂ and about 1.633 wt.% of CeO ₂ . Glass sample 7 is a soda aluminosilicate glass. Glass sample 14 was subjected to first step ion exchange and silver ion exchange to obtain glass strengthening properties and antimicrobial properties, respectively. In an exemplary embodiment, the first ion-exchange salt bath contains 100 wt.% KNO ₃ . The glass substrate of glass sample 14 was immersed in a salt bath at a temperature of 430° C. for a period of 250 minutes. The glass substrate was subjected to a compressive stress of 933.51 MPa corresponding to a depth of 37.250 µm. Further, the two-step ion-exchanged glass substrates were subjected to a silver ion exchange method, in which the glass substrates were immersed in a salt bath containing 100 wt.% of _KNO3 and 0.005 wt.% of _AgNO3 , which was maintained at a temperature of 430 °C 30 minute period. The glass substrate received 0.0120 wt.% Ag at its surface.

Table 8 shows the first description of glass sample 14 with a thickness of 0.7 mm and with corresponding layer depth (DOL_ZERO), compressive stress (CS), central tension (CT), wt.% of Ag in the glass and Ag depth for each step. Exemplary samples of one-step ion exchange and antimicrobial exchange. serial number 1st + Antimicrobial Ion Exchanger Step 1 (FSM) CT (MPa) Ag in glass (wt.%) Salt (wt.%) temperature ( °C) time ( minutes) CS (MPa) DOL_zero (µm) 1 100% KNO ₃ +0.003% AgNO ₃ 420 210+30 918.50 26.89 32 0.002 2 100% KNO ₃ +0.004% AgNO ₃ 430 250+30 948.24 38.40 60 0.003 3 100% KNO ₃ +0.005% AgNO ₃ 450 210+30 933.51 37.30 57 0.012 4 100% KNO ₃ +0.066% AgNO ₃ 420 210+30 933.51 37.30 31 0.0214 Table 8: Exemplary samples of the ion exchange method with DOL and CS for each step

In one embodiment, glass sample 14 is formed from a glass composition comprising about 61.58 wt.% SiO ₂ , about 17.95 wt.% Al ₂ O ₃ , about 2.91 wt.% B ₂ O ₃ , about 14.75 wt.% of Na ₂ O, about 0.98 wt.% of MgO, about 0.187 wt.% of SnO ₂ and about 1.633 wt.% of CeO ₂ . Glass sample 7 is a soda aluminosilicate glass. Glass sample 14 was subjected to a combination of a first ion exchange treatment and a silver ion exchange treatment. The combined salt bath contains 100 wt.% KNO ₃ and 0.005 wt.% AgNO ₃ . At a temperature of 450° C., the glass substrate was immersed in a salt bath for 240 minutes. Initially, the first ion exchange treatment was allowed to continue for 210 minutes. Therefore, the glass substrate experiences a compressive stress of 933.51 MPa corresponding to a depth of 37.30 µm. Subsequently, the silver ion exchange treatment was allowed to continue for 30 minutes. Therefore, the glass substrate acquires 0.012 wt.% Ag at its surface.

As described in Table 6 and Table 8, the ion exchange method can be combined with the antimicrobial ion exchange method to reduce the additional steps of the ion exchange method. This method reduces setup unit space and optimizes production costs.

The term "antimicrobial agent" means an agent or material, or a surface containing the agent or material, that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms from at least two families consisting of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The surface concentration of antimicrobial silver ions refers to the concentration on the glass surface and is given in µg/ ^cm2 . Log reduction (R) is a mathematical term used to express the relative number of viable microorganisms eliminated by disinfection. It is expressed as: R = Log ₁₀ (C _a /C ₀ ), where C _a = colony forming unit (CFU) of the microorganism before treatment and C ₀ = colony forming unit (CFU) of the microorganism after treatment. For example, a log reduction of 1 corresponds to the inactivation of 90% of the target microorganisms, while a log reduction of 2 corresponds to the inactivation of 99% of the target microorganisms. A very important and unique advantage of the higher surface concentration of silver is to reduce the bacterial "kill" time. Furthermore, the log reduction describes the resistance of the glass to microorganisms, in particular to bacteria.

Table 9 shows exemplary samples of the antimicrobial tests to which Bioglass 7 with a thickness of 0.7 mm was subjected to demonstrate its antimicrobial properties and the corresponding log reduction of bacteria and growth rate of fungi. serial number AgNO ₃ (wt.%) Target CS (MPa) DOL_Zero/ DOC ( microns ) Ag in glass (wt.%) Initial bacterial count (CFU/cm ² ) time Final bacterial count (CFU/cm ² ) Log reduction (R) Starting fungal range (CFU/ml) time fungal growth rate Test Results 1 0.066% fungus 1304.70 143.53 0.0327 - - - - 8.0 ^{* 105} to 1.2 ^{* 106} 28 days 0 qualified 2 0.066% bacteria 1304.70 143.53 0.0341 1.1 ^* 10 ⁴ 24 hours < 0.63 > 5.6 - - - qualified 3 0.100% fungus 1323.00 140.36 0.0505 - - - - 8.0 ^{* 105} to 1.2 ^{* 106} 28 days 0 qualified 4 0.100% bacteria 1323.00 140.36 0.0489 1.1 ^* 10 ⁴ 24 hours < 0.63 > 5.4 - - - qualified Table 9: Exemplary samples for antimicrobial testing of bioglass

In an exemplary embodiment, glass sample 7 was formed from a glass composition comprising about 59.70 wt.% SiO ₂ , about 18.58 wt.% Al ₂ O ₃ , about 1.88 wt.% B ₂ O ₃ , About 3.10 wt.% of Li ₂ O, about 7.90 wt.% of Na ₂ O, about 4.34 wt.% of ZnO, about 0.167 wt.% of SnO ₂ , about 0.022 wt.% of Fe ₂ O ₃ and about 4.31 wt.% of P ₂ O ₅ . Glass sample 7 was initially subjected to a double ion exchange method to strengthen its surface. Further, the ion-exchanged glass samples were immersed in an ion-exchange bath containing 0.066 wt.% Ag. The glass substrate was subjected to a compressive stress of 1304.70 MPa corresponding to a depth of 143.53 µm. Initially, ion-exchanged glass sample 7 was subjected to fungal testing. Glass sample 7 was exposed to fungi in the range of 8.0 ^{* 105} to 1.2 ^{* 106} cfu/ml for 28 days. Experimental results showed that the growth rate of the fungus on the glass surface was zero. Therefore, it can be said that the test results are acceptable because the antimicrobial properties of glass sample 7 suppressed the growth rate of the fungus, thereby providing its resistance to the fungus. Further, ion-exchanged glass sample 7 was subjected to a bacteriological test. Glass sample 7 was exposed to bacteria in the range of 1.1 ^{* 104} cfu/ ^cm2 for 24 hours. Experimental results show that the log reduction (R) is greater than 5.6, which is greater than the basic log reduction (R) required for glass to exhibit antimicrobial properties. Therefore, it can be said that the test results are acceptable because the antimicrobial properties of glass sample 7 inhibited the growth of bacteria on its surface.

The present invention focuses on modifying the properties of the bioglass composition. Incorporation of Fe ₂ O ₃ and CeO ₂ in specific amounts results in improved UV and blue light blocking properties. Similarly, the presence of silver in the composition of bioglass enhances the antimicrobial properties of the glass.

Table 10 shows non _- limiting exemplary cover glass compositions with varying amounts of _Fe2O3 and _CeO2 components and their corresponding % UV blocking, % blue blocking, wt.% of Ag in the glass, and % of Ag in the glass. FOMBFG value. glass sample Fe ₂ O ₃ (wt.%) CeO ₂ (wt.%) Total ppm Fe Experimental results Ag in glass (wt.%) FOMBFG value (µg/cm ² ) UV blocking %/380 nm Blue light blocking %/430 nm 1 0.078 1.110 885 56% 25% 0.020 28.0 2 0.094 0.000 940 9% 8% 0.020 1.4 3 0.061 0.000 731 14% 12% 0.025 4.2 4 0.000 1.110 186 50% twenty three% 0.028 31.6 5 0.000 1.110 183 40% twenty one% 0.030 25.2 6 0.060 1.110 728 twenty two% 15% 0.033 10.7 7 0.220 0.000 390 13% 10% 0.020 2.6 8 0.113 1.610 1201 73% 34% 0.038 93.1 9 0.000 1.620 185 78% 37% 0.040 115.4 14 0.000 1.633 190 twenty two% 18% 0.040 15.8 15 0.048 2.563 609 41% 28% 0.040 45.9 Table 10: Quantities of Fe ₂ O ₃ and CeO ₂ components and their corresponding UV blocking % and blue light blocking %

As noted in Table 10, Fe ₂ O ₃ plays an important role in incorporating UV transmission properties into bioglass compositions. Fe ₂ O ₃ is a component of stained glass. Therefore, in order to obtain suitable ultraviolet blocking properties while improving transparency, the content of Fe ₂ O ₃ is preferably 0 wt.% to 3 wt.% in terms of wt.%.

Further, the presence of _CeO2 plays another important role in providing strong blocking of ultraviolet light and significant blocking of blue light. Preferably, the content of CeO ₂ in the bioglass composition is in the range of 0 wt.% to 3 wt.%.

Improving the properties of the glass by varying the wt.% of the glass components results in an increase in UV and blue light blocking properties. Figure 1 shows a graph indicating the percent light transmission through various glass samples at wavelengths from 200 nm to 1100 nm. The horizontal axis (X-axis) indicates the wavelength of light incident on the glass sample, while the vertical axis (Y-axis) indicates the % light transmission through the glass sample. The curves indicate various glass samples including glass sample 1, glass sample 2, glass sample 3, glass sample 4, glass sample 5, glass sample 6, glass sample 7, glass sample 8, glass sample 9, and glass sample 14 . Light transmission % indicates the energy of light passing through the glass sample. By comparing the curves from left to right, it is observed that the percent light transmittance of the right curve decreases significantly, especially from 250 nm to 500 nm. The rightmost curve represents a significant improvement in light absorption. Compared with the curve on the far left, the curve on the right indicates better blocking of UV and blue light.

Table 11 defines the percentage of light transmission through various glass compositions at wavelengths from 200 nm to 1100 nm. wavelength (nm) Transmittance of different glass samples (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 14 200 nm 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.08 0.00 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.07 0.01 225 nm 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 250 nm 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.04 0.00 0.02 1.06 0.26 0.01 0.00 275 nm 0.00 0.00 1.33 0.00 0.01 0.06 13.90 0.21 0.01 0.00 300 nm 0.01 10.00 29.79 0.10 0.02 0.11 55.42 0.36 0.04 0.00 325 nm 2.58 64.00 70.96 6.35 15.23 24.95 79.73 0.75 0.34 0.01 350 nm 18.53 87.50 83.16 25.71 40.13 66.94 85.70 7.76 4.06 25.79 375 nm 39.81 91.00 86.17 45.69 57.08 77.13 87.54 23.26 18.08 75.50 400 nm 59.70 92.00 87.53 63.21 70.07 82.01 88.51 44.44 40.07 81.12 425 nm 73.23 92.50 88.25 74.94 78.22 84.52 89.07 62.93 59.97 82.29 450 nm 80.81 92.75 88.72 81.35 82.46 85.87 89.56 74.73 72.49 82.89 475 nm 84.67 92.75 89.12 84.50 84.53 86.79 89.99 81.07 79.01 83.40 500 nm 86.53 92.75 89.43 86.00 85.56 87.35 90.29 84.15 82.24 83.84 525 nm 87.55 93.00 89.70 86.61 86.13 87.80 90.53 85.77 83.93 84.25 550 nm 88.22 93.00 89.91 86.64 86.48 88.15 91.74 86.73 85.02 84.63 575 nm 88.69 93.00 90.05 86.50 86.81 88.41 90.79 87.44 85.83 84.97 600 nm 89.11 93.15 90.15 86.63 86.99 88.62 91.01 88.00 86.48 85.21 625 nm 89.51 93.00 90.22 86.90 87.21 88.81 91.06 88.53 87.11 85.49 650 nm 89.90 93.00 90.23 87.41 87.41 88.97 91.15 88.97 87.66 85.71 675 nm 90.15 92.80 90.23 88.06 87.59 89.14 91.17 89.37 88.17 85.99 700 nm 90.42 92.75 90.23 88.78 87.76 89.28 91.17 89.78 88.63 86.16 725 nm 90.70 92.60 90.14 89.32 87.86 89.39 91.13 90.05 88.97 86.31 750 nm 90.93 92.50 90.09 89.66 88.07 89.54 91.14 90.37 89.33 86.55 775 nm 91.13 92.25 89.97 89.87 88.18 89.63 91.01 90.59 89.62 86.70 800 nm 91.33 92.10 89.82 90.06 88.29 89.73 90.96 90.79 89.85 86.84 825 nm 91.47 92.00 89.74 90.23 88.42 89.84 90.89 90.98 90.09 87.01 850 nm 91.65 91.85 89.60 90.37 88.50 89.92 90.85 91.12 90.26 87.13 875 nm 91.80 91.75 89.51 90.48 88.61 90.00 90.80 91.26 90.42 87.29 900 nm 91.96 91.60 89.40 90.58 88.65 90.05 90.69 91.32 90.51 87.30 925 nm 92.10 91.50 89.41 90.78 88.85 90.24 90.73 91.49 90.73 87.54 950 nm 92.22 91.50 89.32 90.79 88.81 90.25 90.62 91.54 90.76 87.62 975 nm 92.28 91.45 89.30 90.89 88.89 90.32 90.62 91.62 90.86 87.71 1000 nm 92.36 91.50 89.37 91.05 89.03 90.47 90.68 91.71 91.00 87.88 1025 nm 92.24 91.50 89.31 91.06 88.99 90.46 90.64 91.75 91.05 87.97 1050 nm 92.09 91.50 89.39 91.18 89.07 90.55 90.70 91.83 91.17 88.18 1075 nm 92.02 91.50 89.43 91.24 89.10 90.58 90.73 91.86 91.17 88.27 1100 nm 91.99 91.50 89.41 91.20 89.04 90.55 90.71 91.84 91.22 88.35 Table 11: % Light Transmission Through Exemplary Glasses

Table 11 precisely defines the percent values of light transmission through various glass samples described by the graph in FIG. 1 . Referring to Figure 1 and Table 11, according to the curves of different glass compositions from left to right, it is observed that at a wavelength of 380 nm, the UV transmittance varies from about 90% to 22%. Thus, the curve reflects an increase in percent UV light blocking from approximately 10% to 78% at a wavelength of 380 nm. Similarly, the blue light transmittance varies from about 90% to 60% at a wavelength of 430 nm as observed from the curves of different glass compositions from left to right. Thus, the curve reflects an increase in the percent blue light blocking from approximately 10% to 40% at a wavelength of 430 nm. The above description is an example not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

The ultraviolet blocking, blue light blocking and antimicrobial glass of the present invention is used as cover glass for displays and touch screens in various electronic devices. The UV blocking properties of the glass protect the display screen from sunlight and increase the life of the display screen. The blue light blocking properties of glass protect users from exposure to harmful blue light during long-term use of these devices. The antimicrobial properties of glass make these electronic devices suitable for both personal and public use. Touch-screen display glass with anti-microbial properties is widely used in devices such as kiosks and public tablet computers. Additionally, the spread of infection can be prevented during the use of antimicrobial glass in medical centers and hospitals.

Bioglass can be used as the substrate of touch panel displays and the back cover of these displays, such as liquid crystal displays (LCD), field emission displays (FED), plasma displays (PD), electroluminescent displays (ELD), Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) displays, Micro LEDs and similar displays. Bioglass is used to protect electronic devices with display screens, such as mobile phones, entertainment devices, tablet computers, laptop computers, digital cameras, wearable devices, and the like.

In particular embodiments, bioglass is used as a protective/thermal shield associated with vehicle window glass, vehicle door glass, and architectural curtain wall glass to reduce internal temperatures. Additionally, bioglass can also be used as filters, filters, and lenses used in cameras and optical instruments to obtain clear images. Likewise, bioglass can be used as spectacle lenses to protect the human eye.

While typical embodiments have been described for purposes of illustration, the foregoing description should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention or of the appended claims. Therefore, those skilled in the art can think of various modifications, adjustments and substitutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

The novel features of the invention which are believed to be set forth in the appended claims are set forth with particularity. Embodiments of the present invention will be described herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in order to illustrate but not limit the scope of the patent application, wherein the same reference numerals represent the same elements, and in the drawings: Figure 1 shows a graph indicating the percent light transmission through various glass samples at wavelengths between 200 and 1100 nanometers according to one embodiment of the invention.

Claims (7)

An ion-exchangeable aluminosilicate glass comprising: SiO ₂ in the range of 40 wt.% to 70 wt.%; Al ₂ O ₃ in the range of 5 wt.% to 35 wt.%; ZnO in the range of 0 wt.% to 5 wt.%; Fe 2 O 3 in the range of 0 wt.% to 3 wt.%; and Fe ₂ O ₃ in the range of 0 wt.% to 3 wt.%. CeO ₂ , wherein the glass advantageously has ultraviolet (UV) light blocking properties when the glass has a biofriendly glass figure of merit (FOMBFG) coefficient greater than or equal to 0.5 µg/cm ² and less than or equal to 13,500 µg/cm ² , Blue light blocking properties and antimicrobial properties, and wherein the FOMBFG is defined by the following expression: FOMBFG = (UV blocking % at 380 nm) ^* (Blue light blocking % at 430 nm) ^* (at glass surface of Ag concentration). The ion-exchangeable aluminosilicate glass of claim 1, further comprising: B ₂ O ₃ in the range of 0 wt.% to 10 wt.%; in the range of 0 wt.% to 10 wt.% Li ₂ O within; Na ₂ O in the range of 5 wt.% to 25 wt.%; K ₂ O in the range of 0 wt.% to 5 wt.%; .% in the range of MgO; in the range of 0 wt.% to 5 wt.% ZrO ₂ ; in the range of 0 wt.% to 2 wt.% SnO ₂ ; in the range of 0 wt.% to 7 wt .% in the range of P ₂ O ₅ ; and in the range of 0 wt.% to 3 wt.% of TiO ₂ . The ion-exchangeable aluminosilicate glass of claim 1, wherein the aluminosilicate glass is subjected to a single ion exchange method or a combination of a dual ion exchange method and a silver ion exchange method. The ion-exchangeable aluminosilicate glass of claim 3, wherein when the aluminosilicate glass is subjected to the silver ion exchange method, the silver (Ag) concentration of the glass is between 0.001 wt.% and 3 wt.%. within range. The ion-exchangeable aluminosilicate glass of claim 1, wherein the aluminosilicate glass exhibits a minimum of 9% ultraviolet light blocking properties, and the ultraviolet light blocking properties block ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 380 nm. The ion-exchangeable aluminosilicate glass of claim 1, wherein the aluminosilicate glass exhibits a blue light blocking property of at least 8%, and the blue light blocking property blocks blue light with a wavelength of 430 nm. The ion-exchangeable aluminosilicate glass of claim 1, wherein the ZnO provides antimicrobial properties to the aluminosilicate glass.

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