TW202304158A - Distributed mimo wireless communication method - Google Patents

Abstract

In an aspect of the disclosure, a distributed MIMO wireless communication method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE receives Nr1 RF signals at Nr1 antennas on a first time-frequency resource. The Nr1 RF signals carrying L layers of data generated at a base station. Nr1 and L are positive integers. L is greater than Nr1. The UE receives Nr2 RF signals at the Nr2 antennas on a second time-frequency resource. The Nr2 RF signals carries the L layers of data. Nr2 is a positive integer. The UE obtains Nr1 baseband signals from the Nr1 RF signals. The UE obtains Nr2 baseband signals from the Nr2 RF signals. The UE determines the L layers of data based on the Nr1 baseband signals and the Nr2 baseband signals.

Description

Distributed MIMO wireless communication method

The present invention relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to techniques for forming distributed MIMO receivers.

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging and broadcast. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access techniques capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access techniques include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system and time division synchronous code multiple access (time division synchronous code division multiple access, TD-SCDMA) system.

These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless devices to communicate on municipal, national, regional, and even global levels. An example telecommunications standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), aiming to meet the requirements of latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., Internet of Things (IoT) Things, IoT)) and other requirements related to new requirements. Certain aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. 5G NR technology needs further improvement. These improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ them.

A simplified summary of one or more aspects is presented below in order to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

In one aspect of the invention, a method, computer readable medium and apparatus are provided. The device may be a UE. The UE receives N _r1 RF signals at N _r1 antennas on the first time-frequency resource. N _r1 RF signals carry L layers of data generated at the base station. N _r1 and L are positive integers. L is greater than N _r1 . The UE receives N _r2 RF signals at N _r2 antennas on the second time-frequency resource. _Nr2 RF signals carry L layer data. _Nr2 is a positive integer. The UE obtains N _r1 baseband signals from the N _r1 RF signals. The UE obtains N _r2 baseband signals from the N _r2 RF signals. The UE determines L-layer data based on the _Nr1 baseband signals and the _Nr2 baseband signals.

According to the distributed MIMO wireless communication method provided by the present invention, a plurality of devices can be connected together with the UE so that the transmission rank from the BS to the UE is greater than the inherent limit of the number of UE receiving antennas, so as to improve the MIMO antenna gain.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and drawings set forth certain illustrative features of one or more aspects in detail. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects can be employed and the present description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the inventively described concepts may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. It will be apparent, however, to one of ordinary skill in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and elements are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts.

Several aspects of a telecommunications system will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

For example, an element or any portion of an element or any combination of elements may be implemented as a "processing system" including one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , reduced instruction set computing (reduced instruction set computing, RISC) processor, system on a chip (systems on a chip, SoC), baseband processor, field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA), programmable design Programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gating logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system can execute software. Software shall be construed broadly as instructions, instruction sets, code, code fragments, code, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files , execution thread, process, function, etc., whether referring to software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

Thus, in one or more example aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer readable media may include random-access memory (random-access memory, RAM), read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM ( electrically erasable programmable ROM, EEPROM), optical disk memory, magnetic disk memory, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the above types of computer-readable media, or computer-executable Any other medium of code.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network 100 . A wireless communication system (also called a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes a base station 102, a UE 104, an evolved packet core (Evolved Packet Core, EPC) 160 and another core network 190 (for example, 5G Core (5G Core, 5GC)). Base stations 102 may include macro cells (high power cellular base stations) and/or small cells (low power cellular base stations). A macro cell includes a base station. Small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells.

The base station 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as the Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network, E-UTRAN)) can pass the backhaul link 132 (for example, SI interface) interface with EPC 160. Base stations 102 configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) may interface with a core network 190 via a backhaul link 184 . Base station 102 may perform, among other functions, one or more of the following functions: user data transmission, wireless channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, motion control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), small Interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, non-access stratum (NAS) messaging, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcasting, and more broadcast service (multimedia broadcast multicast service, MBMS), user and device tracking, RAN information management (RAN information management, RIM), paging, positioning and alert message delivery. The base stations 102 can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (eg, through the EPC 160 or the core network 190 ) via the backhaul link 134 (eg, the X2 interface). Backhaul link 134 may be wired or wireless.

Base station 102 can communicate with UE 104 wirelessly. Each of the base stations 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110 . Overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 may exist. For example, the small cell 102 ′ may have a coverage area 110 ′ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102 . A network including small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. Heterogeneous networks may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (Home Evolved Node Bs, HeNBs), which may provide services to restricted groups known as closed subscriber groups (CSGs). The communication link 120 between the base station 102 and the UE 104 may include an uplink (UL) (also referred to as a reverse link) transmission from the UE 104 to the base station 102 and/or an uplink (UL) transmission from the base station 102 to the UE. 104 for downlink (downlink, DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmission. Communication link 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technologies, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity. The communication link can be through one or multiple carriers. The base station 102/UE 104 can use spectrum (x component carriers ) for transmission in each direction. Carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric for DL and UL (eg, more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL). A component carrier may include a primary component carrier and one or a plurality of secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be called a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be called a secondary cell (SCell).

Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158 . The D2D communication link 158 may use DL/UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (physical sidelink broadcast channel, PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (physical sidelink discovery channel, PSDCH), a physical sidelink physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) and physical sidelink control channel (physical sidelink control channel, PSCCH)). D2D communication can be through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as FlashLinQ, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE or NR.

The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 communicating with a Wi-Fi station (station, STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in the 5GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in an unlicensed spectrum, the STA 152/AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating to determine whether a channel is available.

Small cells 102' may operate in licensed and/or unlicensed spectrum. Small cell 102 ′ may employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum used by Wi-Fi AP 150 when operating in the unlicensed spectrum. Employing NR small cells 102' in the unlicensed spectrum can extend the coverage and/or increase the capacity of the access network.

Base stations 102, whether small cells 102' or large cells (eg, macro base stations), may include eNBs, gNodeBs (gNBs), or other types of base stations. Some base stations, such as gNB 180 , may operate in conventional sub-6 GHz spectrum, millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies, and/or near mmW frequencies in communication with UE 104 . When gNB 180 operates in mmW or near mmW frequencies, gNB 180 may be referred to as a mmW base station. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF ranges from 30 GHz to 300 GHz with wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this frequency band may be called millimeter waves. Near-millimeter waves may extend down to frequencies of 3 GHz, with wavelengths of 100 millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also known as centimeter wave. Communications using millimeter wave/near millimeter wave radio frequency bands (eg, 3 GHz - 300 GHz) have extremely high path loss and short range. The mmW base station 180 can utilize beamforming 182 with the UE 104 to compensate for extremely high path loss and short distance.

The base station 180 may transmit beamformed signals to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 108a. The UE 104 may receive beamformed signals from the base station 180 in one or more receive directions 108b. UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signals to base station 180 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 180 can receive beamformed signals from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base stations 180/UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each base station 180/UE 104 . The transmit and receive directions of the base station 180 may be the same or different. The transmit and receive directions of UE 104 may be the same or different.

The EPC 160 may include an action management entity (Mobility Management Entity, MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a service gateway 166, a multimedia broadcast multicast service (Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service, MBMS) gateway 168, a broadcast multicast service center (Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway 172. The MME 162 can communicate with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174 . MME 162 is a control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and EPC 160 . Generally, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transmitted through the service gateway 166 , which itself is connected to the PDN gateway 172 . The PDN gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. PDN gateway 172 and BM-SC 170 are connected to IP service 176 . The IP service 176 may include Internet, Intranet, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IP Multimedia Subsystem, IMS), PS streaming service and/or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 can be used as an entry point for MBMS transmissions by content providers, can be used to authorize and activate MBMS bearer services in a public land mobile network (PLMN), and can be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS gateway 168 can be used to distribute MBMS services to base stations 102 belonging to a broadcast-specific service's Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area, and can be responsible for session management (start/stop) and Collect charging information related to eMBMS.

The core network 190 may include an access and mobility management function (Access and Mobility Management Function, AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a location management function (location management function, LMF) 198, a session management function (Session Management Function, SMF) 194 and User Plane Function (UPF) 195 . AMF 192 can communicate with Unified Data Management (UDM) 196 . AMF 192 is a control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and core network 190 . Generally, SMF 194 provides QoS flow and session management. All User Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transmitted through UPF 195. UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. UPF 195 connects to IP service 197 . IP services 197 may include Internet, Intranet, IMS, PS streaming services, and/or other IP services.

A base station may also be called gNB, Node B, evolved Node B (evolved Node B, eNB), access point, base station transceiver, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (basic service set) , BSS), extended service set (extended service set, ESS), transmit reception point (transmit reception point, TRP) or some other suitable terminology. Base station 102 provides UE 104 with an access point to EPC 160 or core network 190 . Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, Video equipment, digital audio players (such as MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearables, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare equipment, implants, sensory detector/actuator, display, or any other similarly functional device. Some of UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (eg, parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be called a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, Mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, mobile phone, user agent, mobile client, client or some other suitable term.

Although the present invention can refer to 5G New Radio (New Radio, NR), the present invention can be applied to other similar fields, such as LTE, Advanced LTE (LTE-Advanced, LTE-A), CDMA, Global System for Mobile Communications (Global System for Mobile communications, GSM) or other wireless/radio access technologies.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of communication between the base station 210 and the UE 250 in the access network. In DL, IP packets from EPC 160 may be provided to controller/processor 275 . Controller/processor 275 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functions. Layer 3 includes radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) layer, layer 2 includes packet data convergence protocol (packet data convergence protocol, PDCP) layer, radio link control (radio link control, RLC) layer and media access control ( medium access control, MAC) layer. The controller/processor 275 provides information related to broadcast system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification and RRC connection release), radio access technology (radio access technology, RAT) inter-mobility, and RRC layer functions associated with measurement configuration of UE measurement reports; related to header compression/decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification) and handover support functions PDCP layer functions; transmission of packet data units (PDUs) with upper layers, error correction via ARQ, concatenation of RLC service data units (SDUs), segmentation and reassembly, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs RLC layer functions associated with reordering of segments and RLC data PDUs; mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TB), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs , scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, prioritization and logical channel prioritization associated MAC layer functions.

A transmit (TX) processor 216 and a receive (RX) processor 270 implement Layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 includes the physical (PHY) layer, which may include error detection on the transmission channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding/decoding of the transmission channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, physical channel Modulation/demodulation and MIMO antenna processing. TX processor 216 is based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M phase-shift keying ( M-phase-shift keying, M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-quadrature amplitude modulation, M-QAM)) processing to signal constellation mapping. The encoding and modulation symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to OFDM subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/or frequency domain, and then transformed using the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) They are combined to produce physical channels that carry a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. OFDM streams are spatially precoded to generate a plurality of spatial streams. Channel estimates from channel estimator 274 may be used to determine coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. Channel estimates can be derived from reference signals sent by UE 250 and/or channel condition feedback. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 220 by a separate transmitter 218 TX. Each transmitter 218 TX may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

At UE 250, each receiver 254 RX receives signals through its respective antenna 252. Each receiver 254 RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 256. TX processor 268 and RX processor 256 implement Layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. RX processor 256 may perform spatial processing on this information to recover any spatial streams destined for UE 250 . If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 250, they may be combined by RX processor 256 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 256 then converts the stream of OFDM symbols from the time domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols and reference signals on each subcarrier are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable constellation point of the signal transmitted by the base station 210 . These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by channel estimator 258 . The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent by the base station 210 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller/processor 259, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functions.

Controller/processor 259 can be associated with memory 260 that stores program codes and data. Memory 260 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 259 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical lanes, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. Controller/processor 259 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and/or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

Similar to the functions described in connection with the DL transmission of the base station 210, the controller/processor 259 provides RRC layer functions associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection and measurement reporting; and header compression/decompression PDCP layer functions related to security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); transmission of upper layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs and RLC layer functions associated with reordering of RLC data PDUs; mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs to TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, reporting of scheduling information, communication via HARQ MAC layer functions associated with error correction, prioritization, and logical channel prioritization.

TX processor 268 may use channel estimates derived from reference signals sent from base station 210 or fed back by channel estimator 258 to select appropriate coding and modulation schemes and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 268 may be provided to different antennas 252 via separate transmitters 254TX. Each transmitter 254TX may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission. UL transmissions are processed at the base station 210 in a manner similar to that described in connection with receiver functionality at the UE 250 . Each receiver 218RX receives signals through its respective antenna 220 . Each receiver 218RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 270 .

Controller/processor 275 can be associated with memory 276 that stores program codes and data. Memory 276 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 275 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 250 . IP packets from controller/processor 275 may be provided to EPC 160 . Controller/processor 275 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and/or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

NR may refer to a network configured according to a new air interface (for example, different from an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)-based air interface) or a fixed transport layer (for example, different from an Internet Protocol (Internet Protocol, IP)) operated radios. NR can use OFDM with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink, and can include support for half-duplex operation using time division duplexing (TDD). NR may include Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services for wide bandwidths (eg, over 80 MHz), mmW for high carrier frequencies (eg, 60 GHz), massive MTC for non-backward compatible MTC technologies ( massive MTC (mMTC) and/or mission critical for ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC) services.

It can support a single component carrier bandwidth of 100MHz. In one example, an NR resource block (RB) may span 12 subcarriers, each with a subcarrier bandwidth of 60 kHz on a 0.125 ms duration or 15 kHz on a 0.5 ms duration . Each radio frame can consist of 20 or 80 subframes (or NR slots) with a length of 10 ms. Each subframe can indicate the link direction (ie, DL or UL) for data transmission, and the link direction of each subframe can be dynamically switched. Each subframe can include DL/UL data and DL/UL control data. The UL and DL subframes for NR can be described in more detail with respect to FIGS. 5-6 as follows.

The NR RAN may include a central unit (central unit, CU) and a distributed unit (distributed unit, DU). An NR BS (for example, gNB, 5G Node B, Node B, transmission reception point (TRP), access point (access point, AP)) may correspond to one or a plurality of BSs. The NR cell can be configured as an access cell (ACell) or a data only cell (DCell). For example, a RAN (eg, a central unit or a decentralized unit) may configure cells. A DCell may be a cell used for carrier aggregation or dual connectivity, and may not be used for initial access, cell selection/reselection or handover. In some cases, DCell may not send a synchronization signal (SS), and in some cases, DCell may send SS. The NR BS may send a downlink signal indicating the cell type to the UE. Based on the cell type indication, the UE can communicate with the NR BS. For example, the UE may determine NR BSs to consider for cell selection, access, handover, and/or measurement based on the indicated cell type.

Figure 3 illustrates an example logical architecture of a decentralized RAN 300 in accordance with aspects of the present invention. The 5G access node 306 may include an access node controller (access node controller, ANC) 302 . The ANC may be a central unit (CU) of the decentralized RAN. The backhaul interface to the next generation core network (NG-CN) 304 may be terminated at the ANC. The backhaul interface to an adjacent next generation access node (NG-AN) 310 may terminate at the ANC. The ANC may include one or a plurality of TRPs 308 (may also be referred to as BS, NR BS, Node B, 5G NB, AP or some other terminology). As mentioned above, TRP is used interchangeably with "community".

TRP 308 may be a distributed unit (distributed unit, DU). The TRP may be connected to one ANC (ANC 302 ) or to more than one ANC (not shown). For example, for RAN pooling, radio as a service (RaaS), and service-specific ANC deployments, the TRP can connect to multiple ANCs. A TRP can include one or multiple antenna ports. TRPs can be configured to provide services to UEs individually (eg, dynamic selection) or jointly (eg, joint transmission).

The local architecture of the decentralized RAN 300 can be used to illustrate the fronthaul definition. An architecture that supports fronthaul solutions across different deployment types can be defined. For example, the architecture may be based on transport network capabilities (eg, bandwidth, latency, and/or jitter). The architecture may share features and/or elements with LTE. According to aspects, NG-AN 310 may support dual connectivity with NR. NG-AN can share a common fronthaul for LTE and NR.

This architecture can realize the cooperation between TRP 308 . For example, cooperation may be preset within and/or across TRPs by ANC 302 . According to various aspects, an inter-TRP interface may not be required/existed.

According to various aspects, dynamic configuration of separate logical functions may exist within the architecture of the distributed RAN 300 . PDCP, RLC, MAC protocols can be adaptively placed at ANC or TRP.

Figure 4 illustrates an example physical architecture of a decentralized RAN 400 in accordance with aspects of the present invention. A centralized core network unit (centralized core network unit, C-CU) 402 may host core network functions. C-CU can be deployed centrally. C-CU functionality may be offloaded (for example, to advanced wireless service (AWS)) in an effort to handle peak capacity. A centralized RAN unit (centralized RAN unit, C-RU) 404 may host one or a plurality of ANC functions. Optionally, the C-RU can host core networking functions locally. C-RUs may have a decentralized deployment. C-RUs may be located closer to the edge of the network. A distributed unit (DU) 406 can host one or a plurality of TRPs. The DU can be located at the edge of the network with radio frequency (RF) capabilities.

Figure 5 is an example fifth Figure 00 showing a DL-centered subframe. A DL-centered subframe may include a control portion 502 . The control portion 502 may exist in the initial or beginning portion of a DL-centered subframe. The control portion 502 may include various scheduling information and/or control information corresponding to each portion of the DL-centered subframe. In some configurations, the control part 502 may be a physical DL control channel (PDCCH), as shown in FIG. 5 . The DL-centric subframe may also include a DL data portion 504 . The DL data portion 504 may sometimes be referred to as the payload of a DL-centric subframe. DL data portion 504 may include communication resources for communicating DL data from a scheduling entity (eg, UE or BS) to a dependent entity (eg, UE). In some configurations, the DL data portion 504 may be a physical DL shared channel (PDSCH).

The DL-centric subframe may also include a common UL portion 506 . Common UL portion 506 may sometimes be referred to as a UL burst, a common UL burst, and/or various other suitable terminology. The common UL portion 506 may include feedback information corresponding to various other portions of the DL-centric subframe. For example, common UL portion 506 may include feedback information corresponding to control portion 502 . Non-limiting examples of feedback information may include ACK signals, NACK signals, HARQ indicators, and/or various other suitable types of information. Common UL portion 506 may include additional or alternative information, such as information related to random access channel (RACH) procedures, scheduling requests (SR), and various other suitable types of information.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the end of the DL material portion 504 may be separated in time from the beginning of the common UL portion 506 . This time separation may sometimes be referred to as a gap, guard period, guard interval, and/or various other suitable terms. This separation provides time for a switch-over from DL communication (eg, receive operation of a subordinate entity (eg, UE)) to UL communication (eg, transmission of a subordinate entity (eg, UE)). Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the above is only one example of a DL-centered subframe and that alternative structures with similar characteristics may exist without departing from the described aspects of the invention.

FIG. 6 is an example sixth diagram 00 showing UL-centered subframes. A UL-centric subframe may include a control portion 602 . The control part 602 may exist in the initial or beginning part of the UL-centered subframe. The control portion 602 in FIG. 6 may be similar to the control portion 502 described above with reference to FIG. 5 . The UL-centric subframe may also include a UL data portion 604 . The UL data portion 604 may sometimes be referred to as the payload of a UL-centric subframe. The UL portion may refer to communication resources used to transmit UL data from a subordinate entity (eg, UE) to a scheduling entity (eg, UE or BS). In some configurations, the control portion 602 may be a physical DL control channel (PDCCH).

As shown in FIG. 6, the end of the control section 602 may be separated in time from the beginning of the UL material section 604. This time separation may sometimes be referred to as a gap, guard period, guard interval, and/or various other suitable terms. This separation allows time to switch from DL communication (eg, scheduling an entity's receive operation) to UL communication (eg, scheduling an entity's transmission). A UL-centric subframe may also include a common UL portion 606 . Common UL portion 506 of FIG. 6 may be similar to common UL portion 506 described above with reference to FIG. 5 . Common UL portion 606 may additionally or alternatively include information related to channel quality indicators (CQI), sounding reference signals (SRS), and various other suitable types of information. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the foregoing is only one example of a UL-centric subframe, and that alternative structures with similar characteristics may exist without departing from the described aspects of the invention.

In some cases, two or more subordinate entities (eg, UEs) can communicate with each other using sidelink signals. Practical applications for such sidelink communications may include public safety, proximity services, UE-to-network relay, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, Internet of Everything (IoE) communications, IoT communications, mission-critical grids, and/or various other suitable applications. In general, a sidelink signal may refer to a signal transmitted from one subordinate entity (eg, UE1) to another subordinate entity (eg, UE2) without relaying the communication through a scheduling entity (eg, UE or BS), even though the scheduling entity (eg, UE or BS) Process entities can be used for scheduling and/or control purposes. In some examples, licensed spectrum may be used to transmit sidelink signals (unlike WLANs, which typically use unlicensed spectrum).

Figure 7 is a 700th diagram illustrating downlink MIMO transmission. In this example, the base station 702 has 8 antennas 710-1, 710-2, ... 710-8, while the UE 704 has 4 antennas 780-1, 780-2, 780-3, 780-4. Signals simultaneously transmitted from antennas 710-1, 710-2, ... 710-8 of base station 702 are received at antennas 780-1, 780-2, 780-3, 780-4 of UE 704.

。 預編碼器720將8層基頻資料訊號x ₁、x ₂、…、x ₈映射到天線710-1、710-2、…710-8，生成8個疊加基頻訊號s ₁、s ₂、…、s ₈以分別在天線710-1、710-2、…710-8發射。這個進程可以表示為

。 8個疊加的基頻訊號s1、s2、…、s8與RF載波混合以生成8個RF訊號，然後在天線710-1、710-2、…710-8處發射。 In this example, base station 702 can generate 8 layers of baseband data signals x ₁ , x ₂ , . . . , x ₈ , which can be represented by the following vectors:

. The precoder 720 maps the 8-layer baseband data signals x ₁ , x ₂ , ..., x ₈ to the antennas 710-1, 710-2, ... 710-8 to generate 8 superimposed baseband signals s ₁ , s ₂ , ..., s ₈ to transmit at antennas 710-1, 710-2, ... 710-8, respectively. This process can be expressed as

. The 8 superimposed baseband signals s1, s2, ..., s8 are mixed with the RF carrier to generate 8 RF signals, and then transmitted at the antennas 710-1, 710-2, ... 710-8.

。 UE 704 receives RF signals transmitted from antennas 710-1, 710-2, . . . 710-8 of base station 702 at antennas 780-1, 780-2, 780-3, 780-4. UE 704 removes the RF carrier from the received RF signal and generates baseband signals corresponding to antennas 780-1, 780-2, 780-3, 780-4

.

。 因此，R _4×1和S _8×1之間的關係可以表示為：

=

=

。 In addition, the path between base station 702 and UE 704 can be denoted as H _{4 × 8} .

. Therefore, the relationship between R _4×1 and S _8×1 can be expressed as:

=

=

.

In the above example, after receiving R _4×1 , UE 704 cannot determine X _{8 × 1} from R _4×1 , because X _{8 × 1} has 8 layers, and the rank of H _{4 × 8} is at most 4. Therefore, in this configuration, the base station 702 can send up to 4 layers of data to the UE 704, and the maximum MIMO gain cannot be achieved with 8 antennas.

In some other examples, base station 702 can have _Nt antennas and UE 704 can have _Nr antennas. The rank N of the channel H between the base station 702 and the UE 704 is constrained such that: 1≦N≦min(N _t , N _r ). Therefore, when the base station 702 sends the L-layer data signal, if L≦N, the UE 704 can determine the L-layer data signal.

Figure 8 is an 800th diagram illustrating a first technique for distributed downlink MIMO transmission. In this example, a repeater 806 is placed between the base station 702 and the UE 704 shown in FIG. 7 . As described below, repeater 806 receives an RF signal on a first frequency band, shifts the RF carrier of the RF signal to a second frequency band, and then transmits the shifted RF signal on the second frequency band. Each frequency band is an interval in the frequency domain. In particular, repeater 806 may be a frequency translating repeater. Repeater 806 may also be a time-delay repeater that receives RF signals and then retransmits the received RF signals after some time delay. In addition, the repeater 806 can receive the RF signal in the first time-frequency resource, convert the received RF signal into the second time-frequency resource, and then transmit the converted RF signal. Specifically, the first time-frequency resource may be orthogonal to the second time-frequency resource.

In this example, base station 702 transmits RF signals at antennas 710-1, 710-2, . . . 710-8 carrying eight superimposed baseband signals s1, s2, . UE 704 receives RF signals through channel 820, which may be denoted as H1. UE 704 may be considered a master device. Repeater 806 may be considered a slave device. Repeater 806 may be a UE, a wireless router, or another wireless device that performs the following functions.

In this example, repeater 806 has 4 antennas. In other examples, repeater 806 may have other numbers of antennas. In a first technique, UE 704 and relay 806 can function as a distributed high-rank MIMO receiver. As mentioned above, the base station 702 generates 8 layers of baseband data signals x ₁ , x ₂ , . . . , x ₈ (ie, X _8×1 ). The precoder 720 maps the 8-layer baseband data signals x ₁ , x ₂ , ..., x ₈ to the antennas 710-1, 710-2, ... 710-8 to generate 8 superimposed baseband signals s ₁ , s ₂ , ..., s ₈ (namely, S _8×1 ), can be expressed as: S _8×1 = P _8×8 ⋅X _8×1 .

中的RF載波混合，並在天線710-1、710-2、…710-8處發射所得到的RF訊號。UE 704接收從天線710-1、710-2、……710-8發射的RF訊號。UE 704從接收的RF訊號中去除RF載波並獲得基頻訊號：

In addition, the base station 702 associates S _8×1 with the frequency band

The RF carriers in the antennas are mixed and the resulting RF signals are transmitted at antennas 710-1, 710-2, . . . 710-8. UE 704 receives RF signals transmitted from antennas 710-1, 710-2, ... 710-8. UE 704 removes the RF carrier from the received RF signal and obtains the baseband signal:

上的天線710-1、710-2、…710-8發射的RF訊號，其可以表示為

。在中繼器806，如果從中繼器806的天線處接收的RF訊號中提取基頻訊號，則該基頻訊號可以表示為：

。中繼器806可以放大和轉發接收到的RF訊號。放大和轉發對基頻訊號的影響可以表示為

。此外，中繼器806將RF載波的頻率移位或轉換到頻帶

。頻移對基頻訊號的影響可以表示為T。中繼器806在中繼器806的4個天線處在頻帶

上發射RF訊號。因此，由中繼器806發射的RF訊號攜帶基頻訊號

In addition, in this example, the 4 antennas of repeater 806 receive over channel 822 in the frequency band

The RF signals transmitted by the antennas 710-1, 710-2, ... 710-8 above can be expressed as

. At the repeater 806, if the baseband signal is extracted from the RF signal received at the antenna of the repeater 806, the baseband signal can be expressed as:

. Repeater 806 can amplify and retransmit received RF signals. The effect of amplification and forwarding on the baseband signal can be expressed as

. In addition, the repeater 806 shifts or switches the frequency of the RF carrier to the frequency band

. The effect of frequency shift on the baseband signal can be expressed as T. The repeater 806 is at the frequency band at the 4 antennas of the repeater 806

transmit RF signal. Therefore, the RF signal transmitted by repeater 806 carries the baseband signal

上接收中繼器806通過通道824發送的RF訊號，通道824可以表示為

。UE 704從頻帶

上的RF訊號獲得基頻訊號：

頻帶

和頻帶

是不重疊的頻帶並且從頻帶

到頻帶

的映射是預先定義的或者可以由基地台702用訊號通知UE 704。 In this example, the 4 antennas of UE 704 are in band

The RF signal transmitted by the upper receiving repeater 806 through the channel 824, the channel 824 can be expressed as

. UE 704 slave frequency band

Get the baseband signal from the RF signal on:

frequency band

and frequency band

are non-overlapping frequency bands and from the frequency band

to frequency band

The mapping for is pre-defined or can be signaled by the base station 702 to the UE 704.

和

以獲得：

矩陣

具有秩8。因此，基於等式R _{8 × 1}= Q _{8 × 8}·X _{8 × 1}，UE 704可以確定8層基頻資料訊號x ₁、x ₂、…、x ₈。 UE 704 can combine

and

to get:

matrix

has rank 8. Therefore, based on the equation R _{8 × 1} = Q _{8 × 8} ·X _{8 × 1} , the UE 704 can determine the 8-layer baseband data signals x ₁ , x ₂ , . . . , x ₈ .

9 is a 900th diagram illustrating a second technique for distributed downlink MIMO transmission. Compare with the example of FIG. 8 , in which, in addition to the repeater 806 , another repeater 908 is placed between the base station 702 and the UE 704 .

上的天線710-1、710-2、…710-8發射的RF訊號，通道922可以表示為

。在中繼器806，如果從中繼器806的天線接收的RF訊號提取基頻訊號，則可以表示為：

。中繼器806可以放大和轉發接收到的RF訊號。放大和轉發對基頻訊號的影響可以表示為

。此外，中繼器806將RF載波的頻率從頻帶

行動到頻帶

。頻移對基頻訊號的影響可以表示為 T2。中繼器806在中繼器806的4個天線處在頻帶

上發射RF訊號。因此，由中繼器806發射的RF訊號攜帶基頻訊號

Similar to what was described above with reference to FIG. 8, in this example, the 4 antennas of repeater 806 receive the

The RF signals transmitted by the antennas 710-1, 710-2, ... 710-8 on the channel 922 can be expressed as

. In the repeater 806, if the baseband signal is extracted from the RF signal received by the antenna of the repeater 806, it can be expressed as:

. Repeater 806 can amplify and retransmit received RF signals. The effect of amplification and forwarding on the baseband signal can be expressed as

. In addition, the repeater 806 converts the frequency of the RF carrier from the frequency band

action to band

. The effect of frequency shift on the baseband signal can be expressed as T2. The repeater 806 is at the frequency band at the 4 antennas of the repeater 806

transmit RF signal. Therefore, the RF signal transmitted by repeater 806 carries the baseband signal

上接收中繼器806通過通道924發送的RF訊號，其可以表示為

。UE 704從頻帶

上的RF訊號獲得基頻訊號

：

In addition, the 4 antennas of UE 704 are in the frequency band

The upper receiving repeater 806 transmits the RF signal through the channel 924, which can be expressed as

. UE 704 slave frequency band

RF signal on the baseband signal

:

上的天線710-1、710-2、…710-8發射的RF訊號，通道921可以表示為

。在中繼器908，如果從中繼器908的天線接收的RF訊號提取基頻訊號，則可以表示為：

.。中繼器908可以放大和轉發接收到的RF訊號。放大和轉發對基頻訊號的影響可以表示為

。此外，中繼器908將RF載波的頻率從頻帶

行動到頻帶

。頻移對基頻訊號的影響可以表示為

。中繼器908在中繼器908的4個天線處在頻帶

上發射RF訊號。因此，由中繼器908發射的RF訊號攜帶基頻訊號

Also, repeater 908 has 4 antennas in this example. The 4 antennas of the repeater 908 receive in the frequency band through the channel 921

The RF signals transmitted by the antennas 710-1, 710-2, ... 710-8 on the channel 921 can be expressed as

. In the repeater 908, if the baseband signal is extracted from the RF signal received by the antenna of the repeater 908, it can be expressed as:

.. Repeater 908 can amplify and retransmit received RF signals. The effect of amplification and forwarding on the baseband signal can be expressed as

. In addition, the repeater 908 converts the frequency of the RF carrier from the frequency band

action to band

. The effect of frequency shift on the baseband signal can be expressed as

. The repeater 908 has 4 antennas in the repeater 908 at the frequency band

transmit RF signal. Therefore, the RF signal transmitted by the repeater 908 carries the baseband signal

上接收中繼器908通過通道923發送的RF訊號，通道923可以表示為

。UE 704從頻帶

上的RF訊號獲得基頻訊號：

In addition, the 4 antennas of UE 704 are in the frequency band

Receive the RF signal sent by the repeater 908 through the channel 923, the channel 923 can be expressed as

. UE 704 slave frequency band

Get the baseband signal from the RF signal on:

和頻帶

是不重疊的頻帶並且彼此正交。此外，頻帶

和頻帶

中的至少一個不與頻帶

重疊或正交。從頻帶

到頻帶

的映射以及從頻帶

到頻帶

的映射可以是預定義的或者可以由基地台702用訊號通知UE 704。 frequency band

and frequency band

are frequency bands that do not overlap and are orthogonal to each other. In addition, the frequency band

and frequency band

At least one of the bands does not match the

overlapping or orthogonal. slave frequency band

to frequency band

The mapping of and from the frequency band

to frequency band

The mapping for can be predefined or can be signaled by the base station 702 to the UE 704.

和

以獲得：

矩陣

具有秩8。因此，基於等式

=

，UE 704可以確定8層基頻資料訊號x1、x2、… 、x8。 UE 704 can combine

and

to get:

matrix

has rank 8. Therefore, based on the equation

=

, the UE 704 can determine the 8-layer baseband data signals x1, x2, . . . , x8.

上從發射機接收的訊號。MTk將放大/轉發的訊號轉換到另一個頻帶

並在頻帶

上將轉換後的訊號發送到主MT。 In general, a plurality of distributed low-rank mobile terminals (mobile terminals, MTs) or wireless devices can form a high-rank MIMO receiver MT. In one case, there is one master MT and K slave MTs, denoted as MTk (1≤k≤K)). Layer L data signals are sent from the network. The upper limit of L is the number of transmitting antennas at the transmitting end and the total number of receiving antennas of all slave MTs and master MTs; L can be greater than the number of receiving antennas at the master MT. Given amplified from MTk and forwarded in band

signal received from the transmitter. MTk converts the amplified/retransmitted signal to another frequency band

and in the frequency band

Send the converted signal to the master MT.

Figure 10 is a flowchart 1000th diagram of a method (process) for receiving multi-layer data. The method can be performed by a UE (eg, UE 704). In operation 1002, the UE receives N _r1 RF signals at N _r1 antennas on a first time-frequency resource. N _r1 RF signals carry L layers of data generated at the base station. N _r1 and L are positive integers. L is greater than N _r1 . In operation 1004, the UE receives N _r2 RF signals at the N _r2 antennas on the second time-frequency resource. _Nr2 RF signals carry L layers of data. _Nr2 is a positive integer. In some configurations, _Nr1 RF signals and _Nr2 RF signals are received in the same time slot. In some configurations, the first time-frequency resource and the second time-frequency resource do not overlap. In some configurations, the first time-frequency resource and the second time-frequency resource are in two non-overlapping frequency bands, in two non-overlapping component carriers, or in two non-overlapping sets of resource blocks within a component carrier .

In some configurations, _Nr1 RF signals are received from the base station. _Nr2 RF signals are received from the repeater. In some configurations, the UE determines that the N _r1 RF signals originate from the N _t RF signals transmitted at the N _t antennas of the base station. N _t is a positive integer and greater than N _r . In some configurations, the UE determines that the _Nr2 RF signals originate from the _Nt2 RF signals transmitted at the _Nt2 antennas of the repeater. _Nr1 RF signals are received from the first transponder. _Nr2 RF signals are received from the second repeater.

In operation 1006, the UE obtains N _r1 baseband signals from the N _r1 RF signals. In operation 1008, the UE obtains N _r2 baseband signals from the N _r2 RF signals. In operation 1010, the UE determines L-layer data based on the _Nr1 baseband signals and the _Nr2 baseband signals.

Figure 11 is a flow diagram 1100 of a method (process) for iterating multiple layers of data. The method can be performed by a wireless device (eg, repeater 806). In operation 1102, the wireless device receives M _r RF signals at M _r antennas on the first time-frequency resource, and the M _r RF signals carry L-layer data generated at the base station, M _r and L are positive integers, and L greater than M _r . At operation 1104, the wireless device amplifies and retransmits M _r RF signals to generate M _t amplified and retransmitted signals. In operation 1106, the wireless device shifts the carrier frequency of the M _t amplified and forwarded signals to the second time-frequency resource to generate M _t RF signals. In operation 1108, the wireless device transmits M _t RF signals at M _t antennas on the second time-frequency resource, the M _t RF signals carrying L-layer data. In some configurations, the M _r RF signals originate from RF signals transmitted from a base station.

FIG. 12 is a 1200 diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1202 employing a processing system 1214 . Apparatus 1202 may be a UE (eg, UE 704). Processing system 1214 may be implemented in a bus architecture, generally represented by bus 1224 . Buses 1224 may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, depending on the particular application of processing system 1214 and the overall design constraints. The bus bar 1224 connects various circuits together, including one or multiple processors and/or hardware components, consisting of one or multiple processors 1204, receiving components 1264, transmitting components 1270, time-frequency receiving control components 1276, multi-layer data Processing element 1278 and computer readable media/memory 1206 represent. The bus bar 1224 can also connect various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits.

Processing system 1214 may be coupled to transceiver 1210 , which may be one or plurality of transceivers 354 . The transceiver 1210 is coupled to one or a plurality of antennas 1220 , which may be the communication antenna 352 .

Transceiver 1210 provides a means for communicating with various other devices over transmission media. The transceiver 1210 receives signals from one or more antennas 1220 , extracts information from the received signals, and provides the extracted information to the processing system 1214 , especially the receiving element 1264 . Furthermore, the transceiver 1210 receives information 1214 from the processing system, in particular the transmission element 1270 , and generates a signal to be applied to the antenna or antennas 1220 based on the received information.

Processing system 1214 includes one or more processors 1204 coupled to computer readable medium/memory 1206 . The processor or processors 1204 are responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium/memory 1206 . The software, when executed by the processor(s) 1204, causes the processing system 1214 to perform the various functions described above for any particular device. Computer readable media/memory 1206 includes volatile and non-volatile computer readable storage media and can also be used to store data that is manipulated by one or more processors 1204 when executing software. The processing system 1214 further includes at least one of a receiving component 1264 , a transmitting component 1270 , a time-frequency receiving control component 1276 and a multi-layer data processing component 1278 . These elements may be software elements running on the processor(s) 1204, resident/stored in the computer readable medium/memory 1206, hardware(s) coupled to the processor(s) 1204 elements, or some combination thereof. Processing system 1214 may be a component of UE 350 and may include memory 360 and/or at least one of TX processor 368 , RX processor 356 and communication processor 359 .

In one configuration, the means for wireless communication 1202/means 1202' includes means for performing each of the operations of FIG. 10 . The aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned elements of the apparatus 1202 and/or the processing system 1214 of the apparatus 1202, configured to perform the functions enumerated by the aforementioned means.

Processing system 1214 may include TX processor 368 , RX processor 356 and communications processor 359 as described above. Thus, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the communications processor 359, configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.

FIG. 13 is a 1300 diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1302 employing a processing system 1314 . Apparatus 1302 may be a wireless device (eg, repeater 806). Processing system 1314 may be implemented in a bus architecture, generally represented by bus 1324 . Buses 1324 may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, depending on the particular application of processing system 1314 and the overall design constraints. The bus bar 1324 connects various circuits together, including one or multiple processors and/or hardware components, composed of one or multiple processors 1304, receiving components 1364, transmitting components 1370, amplifying and forwarding components 1376, frequency shift components 1378 and computer readable medium/memory 1306. The bus bar 1324 can also connect various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits.

Processing system 1314 may be coupled to transceiver 1310 , which may be one or plurality of transceivers 354 . The transceiver 1310 is coupled to one or a plurality of antennas 1320 , which may be the communication antenna 352 .

Transceiver 1310 provides a means for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium. The transceiver 1310 receives signals from one or more antennas 1320 , extracts information from the received signals, and provides the extracted information to the processing system 1314 , particularly the receiving element 1364 . Furthermore, the transceiver 1310 receives information 1314 from the processing system, in particular the transmission element 1370 , and generates a signal to be applied to the antenna or antennas 1320 based on the received information.

Processing system 1314 includes one or more processors 1304 coupled to computer readable media/memory 1306 . The processor(s) 1304 are responsible for general processing, including executing software 1306 stored on the computer-readable medium/memory. The software, when executed by the processor(s) 1304, causes the processing system 1314 to perform the various functions described above for any particular device. Computer readable media/memory 1306 includes volatile and non-volatile computer readable storage media and can also be used to store data that is manipulated by one or more processors 1304 when executing software. Processing system 1314 also includes at least one of receive element 1364 , transmit element 1370 , amplify and repeat element 1376 , and frequency shift element 1378 . These elements may be software elements running on one or more processors 1304, one or more hardware elements resident/stored on computer readable medium/memory 1306, coupled to one or more processors 1304 , or some combination thereof. Processing system 1314 may be a component of UE 350 and may include memory 360 and/or at least one of TX processor 368 , RX processor 356 and communication processor 359 .

In one configuration, the apparatus 1302/apparatus 1302' for wireless communication includes means for performing each of the operations of FIG. 10 . The aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned elements of the apparatus 1302 and/or the processing system 1314 of the apparatus 1302, configured to perform the functions enumerated by the aforementioned means.

Processing system 1314 may include TX processor 368 , RX processor 356 and communications processor 359 as described above. Thus, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the communications processor 359, configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.

It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes/flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in a process/flowchart may be rearranged. Also, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

The preceding description was provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Accordingly, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects of the invention shown, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with claim language where an element referred to in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one" unless In particular it says so, but "one or more". The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect of the invention described as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as superior or superior to other aspects. Unless expressly stated otherwise, the term "some" means one or a plurality. Such as "at least one of A, B or C", "one or more of A, B or C", "at least one of A, B and C", "one or more of A, B and C A combination of "and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" includes any combination of A, B, and/or C, and may include a plurality of A, a plurality of B, or a plurality of C. Specifically, such as "at least one of A, B or C", "one or more of A, B or C", "at least one of A, B and C", "of A, B and C One or more" and "A, B, C or any combination thereof" may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, any of which Such combinations may contain one or more members of A, B or C. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described in this disclosure that are known or hereafter come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims . In addition, nothing disclosed in the present invention is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly stated in the scope of the application. The words "module", "mechanism", "component", "equipment" are not intended to replace the word "means". Accordingly, no claim element should be construed as means-plus-function unless that element is explicitly recited using the phrase "means for".

100: communication system; 102: base station; 102': small cell; 104: UE; 108a: emission direction; 108b: receiving direction; 110,110': coverage area; 120: communication link; 132/184: backhaul link; 134: backhaul link; 150: access point; 152: station; 154: communication link; 158: communication link; 160:EPC; 162: action management entity; 164: MME; 166: service gateway; 168: multimedia broadcast multicast service gateway; 170: broadcast multicast service center; 172: packet data network gateway; 174: Belonging to the subscriber server; 176: IP service; 180: gNB; 182: beam forming; 190: core network; 192: AMF; 193: other AMF; 194: SMF; 195: UPF; 196:UDM; 197: IP service; 198: LMF; 210: base station; 216, 268: TX processor; 218,254:TX; 220,252:220; 250: UE; 256, 270: RX processor; 258,274: channel estimator; 259,275: controller/processor; 260,276: memory; 300: decentralized RAN; 302: ANC; 304:NG-CN; 306: 5G access node; 308: TRP; 310:NG-AN; 400: Distributed RAN; 402:C-CU; 404: C-RU; 406:DU; 500: sample diagram; 502: control part; 504: DL data part; 506: public UL part; 600: example diagram; 602: control part; 604: UL data part; 606: public UL part; 700: graph; 702: base station; 704:UE; 710-1, 710-2, 710-3…710-7, 710-8: Antenna; 720: precoder; 780-1,780-2,780-3,780-4: Antenna; 800: graph; 806: Repeater; 820,822,824: channel; 900: channel; 908: repeater; 921,922,923,924: channel; 1000: graph; 1002, 1004, 1006, 1008, 1010: operation; 1100: graph; 1102, 1104, 1106, 1108: operation; 1200: graph; 1202: device; 1204: processor; 1206: computer readable medium/memory; 1210: transceiver; 1214: processing system; 1220: antenna; 1224: busbar; 1264: receiving element; 1270: transmission element; 1276: time-frequency receiving control element; 1278: multi-layer data processing element; 1300: graph; 1302: device; 1304: processor; 1306: computer readable medium/memory; 1310: transceiver; 1314: processing system; 1320: Antenna; 1324: busbar; 1364: receiving element; 1370: sending element; 1376: amplification and forwarding element; 1378: frequency shifting element.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating communication between a base station and a UE in an access network. Figure 3 illustrates an example logical architecture of a distributed access network. Figure 4 illustrates an example physical architecture of a distributed access network. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of slots centered on DL. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a UL-centered slot. Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating downlink MIMO transmission. Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a first technique of distributed downlink MIMO transmission. 9 is a 900th diagram illustrating a second technique for distributed downlink MIMO transmission. Figure 10 is a flowchart of a method (process) for receiving multi-layer data. Fig. 11 is a flowchart of a method (process) of repeating multi-layer data. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of hardware implementation for an apparatus employing a processing system. Fig. 13 is another diagram showing an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus employing a processing system.

1100: process

1102, 1104, 1106, 1108: steps

Claims (19)

A distributed MIMO wireless communication method, comprising: receiving N _r1 radio frequency signals at N _r1 antennas on a first time-frequency resource, the N _r1 radio frequency signals carrying L-layer data generated by a base station, N _r1 and L is a positive integer, L is greater than N _{r1 ;} N _r2 radio frequency signals are received at N r2 antennas on the second time-frequency resource, and the N _r2 radio frequency signals carry the L-layer data, and N _r2 is a positive integer; from Obtaining N _r1 base frequency signals from the N _r1 radio frequency signals; obtaining N _r2 base frequency signals from the N _r2 radio frequency signals; and based on the N _r1 base frequency signals and the N _r2 base frequency signals Determine the L layer data. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Nr1 radio frequency signals and the Nr2 radio frequency signals are received in the same time slot. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first time-frequency resource does not overlap with the second time-frequency resource. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first time-frequency resource and the second time-frequency resource are in two non-overlapping frequency bands, in two non-overlapping component carriers, or within a component carrier of two non-overlapping resource block sets. The method of claim 1, wherein the _Nr1 radio frequency signals are received from the base station, and the _Nr2 radio frequency signals are received from a repeater. The method according to claim 5, further comprising determining that the N _r1 radio frequency signals originate from N _t radio frequency signals transmitted from N _t antennas of the base station, where N _t is a positive integer greater than N _r . The method of claim 5, further comprising determining that the N _r2 radio frequency signals originate from the N _t2 radio frequency signals transmitted at the N _t2 antennas of the repeater. The method according to claim 1, wherein the _Nr1 radio frequency signals are received from a first repeater, and wherein the _Nr2 radio frequency signals are received from a second repeater. A distributed MIMO wireless communication method, comprising: receiving M _r radio frequency signals at M _r antennas of a first time-frequency resource, wherein the M _r radio frequency signals carry L-layer data generated by a base station, and M _r and L are A positive integer, L greater than M _r ; and transmitting M _t radio frequency signals at M _t antennas on the second time-frequency resource, where the M _t radio frequency signals carry the L layer data. The method as described in claim 9, further comprising: amplifying and forwarding the M _r radio frequency signals to generate M _t amplified and forwarded signals; shifting the carrier frequency of the M _t amplified and forwarded signals to The second time-frequency resource generates the M _t radio frequency signals. The method of claim 9, wherein the M _r radio frequency signals originate from radio frequency signals transmitted from the base station. A device for distributed MIMO wireless communication, the device is a user equipment, including: a memory; and at least one processor, coupled to the memory and configured to: on a first time-frequency resource N _r1 radio frequency signals are received at N _r1 antennas, and the N _r1 radio frequency signals carry L-layer data generated by the base station, N _r1 and L are positive integers, and L is greater than N _r1 ; N on the second time-frequency resource N _r2 radio frequency signals are received at _r2 antennas, the N _r2 radio frequency signals carry the L-layer data, and N _r2 is a positive integer; N _r1 baseband signals are obtained from the N _r1 radio frequency signals; Obtaining _Nr2 baseband signals from _Nr2 radio frequency signals; and determining the L-layer data based on the _Nr1 baseband signals and the _Nr2 baseband signals. The device according to claim 12, wherein the N _r1 radio frequency signals and the N _r2 radio frequency signals are received in the same time slot. The device according to claim 12, wherein the first time-frequency resource does not overlap with the second time-frequency resource. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the first time-frequency resource and the second time-frequency resource are in two non-overlapping frequency bands, in two non-overlapping component carriers, or within a component carrier of two non-overlapping resource block sets. The device according to claim 12, wherein the _Nr1 radio frequency signals are received from the base station, and the _Nr2 radio frequency signals are received from a repeater. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine that the N _r1 radio frequency signals originate from N _{t radio frequency signals transmitted at the N t antennas} of the base station, N _t is a positive integer greater than N _r . The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine that the _Nr2 radio frequency signals _originate from the Nt2 radio frequency signals transmitted at the _Nt2 antennas of the repeater RF signal. The device according to claim 12, wherein the _Nr1 radio frequency signals are received from a first repeater, and wherein the _Nr2 radio frequency signals are received from a second repeater.

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