TW202245602A - Methods for suppressing soil pests - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of protecting a plant susceptible to Coleoptera pest damage or Coleoptera pest injury including applying a compound having the structure to a locus of a plant susceptible to Coleoptera pest damage or injury.

Description

Control methods of soil pests

This disclosure relates to methods of soil pest control, and in particular to methods of nematode and corn rootworm control.

Soil pest infestation results in considerable crop losses, thereby causing significant economic losses. Nematodes are the subterranean larval stages of click worms (Coleoptera; Knoptidae) and are pests of many crops including corn, sorghum, small grains, tobacco, sugar beets, beans, various vegetables, and potatoes. Nematodes are particularly harmful to potatoes because the marketable parts of the crop are found in the soil, which is where the nematodes feed and complete most of their life cycle.

Nematodes feed on seeds and developing seedlings, as well as the roots and underground stems of older plants. In agricultural settings where the land is tilled, nematodes seek out the underground parts of the growing crop. Nematodes may damage potatoes by feeding on the seed block, causing weak support, but most of the damage is caused by digging into the tuber, which reduces yield and tuber quality. Nematode digging also creates entry points for certain plant pathogens. Such events can lead to other deleterious conditions such as tuber rot.

Nematodes tend to live in soil for many years, and the complete life cycle from egg to adult usually takes 1 to 4 years, but can take up to 8 years depending on environmental conditions and the species of nematode. As long as crops or native host plants are available as food, nematodes are difficult to eradicate. Nematodes remain in the soil throughout their larval life through multiple developmental stages.

There is a need to control, treat, or inhibit damage to plants or crops in need thereof, especially grub, nematode or corn rootworm damage.

至易受鞘翅目害蟲影響之植物的所在地。 In one aspect, described herein is a method of inhibiting a coleopteran pest population density in the locus of a plant susceptible to damage by a coleopteran pest, the method comprising applying a compound having the following structure:

To the locus of plants susceptible to coleopteran pests.

至易受鞘翅目害蟲損害或傷害之植物的所在地。 In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of protecting a plant susceptible to or damaged by a Coleopteran pest comprising applying a compound having the structure

To sites where plants are susceptible to damage or injury by coleopteran pests.

至易受鞘翅目害蟲影響之植物的所在地。 In another aspect, the disclosure provides a method of increasing yield in plants susceptible to coleopteran pests, the method comprising applying a compound having the structure

To the locus of plants susceptible to coleopteran pests.

In any of the methods described herein, and in certain embodiments, the plant susceptible to damage by a coleopteran pest is a potato plant, a corn plant, a soybean plant, a beet plant, a cabbage plant, a carrot plant, a bean plant, a wheat plant , barley plants, coffee plants, sugar cane plants, cotton plants, or lawn and ornamental plants.

In any of the methods described herein, and in certain embodiments, the compound is applied to the plant by spraying, fumigation, chemical treatment, misting, spreading, brushing, seed treatment, turning over Shanking, in-furrow application with granular or ribbon spray, or injection. In certain embodiments, the method comprises applying the compound to the soil of a plant susceptible to damage by a Coleopteran pest. In certain embodiments, the Coleopteran pests are grubs, nematodes, corn rootworms.

This disclosure is based in part on the discovery that Compound A (i.e., [N-[1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide ]([N-[1-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide])) is effective against soil pests including nematodes. Compound A has the following structure:

The synthesis of Compound A was previously described in International Publication No. WO 2014/053450, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one aspect, described herein is a method of controlling a population of Coleopteran pests in the locus of plants susceptible to Coleopteran pests, the method comprising applying Compound A to the locus of plants susceptible to Coleopteran pests . The term "control" as used herein refers to a preventive or curative reduction in infestation by coleopteran pests compared to untreated plants, preferably, infestation is substantially eliminated, and optimally, infestation is complete inhibited.

In another aspect, described herein is a method of inhibiting a coleopteran pest population density in the locus of a plant susceptible to a coleopteran pest, the method comprising applying Compound A to a plant susceptible to a coleopteran pest location. The term "locus" or "locus" as used herein refers to a location (or locations) suitable for growing a plant. Exemplary locations include, but are not limited to, potted plants, a greenhouse, a field or a knoll.

Compounds can be applied to plants by any means known in the art. In certain embodiments, the compound is applied to the plant by spraying, fumigation, chemical treatment, misting, spreading, brushing, seed treatment, soil upturning, in-furrow application, or injection. In certain embodiments, prior to planting the seeds (or plant parts) in the soil, the soil is treated with the compound (e.g., by in-furrow application of a granular or ribbon spray, or by application of Compound A in solution. irrigation application). In certain embodiments, the soil is treated with the compound (eg, watered and sprayed) while the plant is growing. In certain embodiments, the soil is treated (eg, watered, granulated) with the compound after the seeds (or plant parts) are planted in the soil. In certain embodiments, seeds (or plant parts) are treated with a compound (eg, brush-on seed/tuber treatment) prior to planting in soil.

Also provided is a method of protecting a plant susceptible to damage or injury by a Coleopteran pest, the method comprising applying Compound A to the locus of a plant susceptible to damage or injury by a Coleopteran pest. The term "coleopteran pest damage" as used herein refers to physical injury or damage to a plant caused by a coleopteran pest. The term "coleopteran pest damage" as used herein refers to monetary loss to marketable merchandise caused by coleopteran pests. The term "protection" as used herein refers to providing a significant reduction or suppression of damage or injury to plants susceptible to Coleopteran pests.

In certain embodiments, the methods disclosed herein will be induced by Coleopteran pests (including but not The damage or injury caused by grubs, nematodes, and corn rootworms) is reduced by about 40% to about 50%. In another aspect, the methods and compositions disclosed herein reduce damage or injury caused by coleopteran pests, such as nematodes or western corn rootworm, by about 10% to about 20% compared to untreated plants , about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 90%, about 20% to about 80%, about 30% to about 70%, about 40% to about 60%, or about 5% or more, about 10% or more, about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% or more, about 5% or less, about 10% or less, about 20% or less, about 30% or less, about 40% or less, about 50% or less, about 60% or less, about 70% or less, about 80% or less, or about 90% or less. In yet another aspect, the methods and compositions disclosed herein reduce damage or injury by coleopteran pests (including but not limited to grubs, nematodes, and corn rootworms) by about 5% compared to untreated plants , about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, or about 90%.

Also provided are methods of increasing the yield of plants susceptible to coleopteran pests. The method comprises applying Compound A to the locus of a plant susceptible to a Coleopteran pest. As used herein, the term "yield" of a plant refers to the quality and/or quantity of biomass produced by a plant. "Biomass" means any measured plant product. An increase in biomass production is any improvement in measured plant product yield. Increased plant yield has several commercial applications. For example, increased plant leaf biomass can increase the yield of leafy vegetables for human or animal consumption. Furthermore, increased leaf biomass can be used to increase the yield of plant-derived pharmaceutical or industrial products. In certain embodiments, the yield of plants susceptible to coleopteran pests is increased by about 10% to about 20%, about 10%, about 30%, about 10% to about 40% compared to untreated plants , about 10% to about 90%, about 20% to about 80%, about 30% to about 70%, about 40% to about 60%, or about 5% or more, about 10% or more, about 20 % or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more, about 80% or more, or about 90% %Or more. In yet another aspect, the methods and compositions described herein increase plant yield by about 5%, about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50% compared to untreated plants %, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, or about 90%.

In certain embodiments, the Coleopteran pests are nematodes. In certain embodiments, the Coleopteran pest is a grub. In certain embodiments, the Coleopteran pest is corn rootworm (eg, western corn rootworm or northern corn rootworm).

In certain embodiments, the nematode is a juvenile stage of: Melanotus spp. , Melanotus communis , Conoderus vespertinu , C lividus , Agriotes lineatus ), Agnates obseurus , Agriotes sputator L , sugarbeet wireworm ( Limonius californicus) , Pacific coast wireworm (Limonius canus) , great basin wireworm (Ctenecera pruinina ) , Adelocera spp. , Adrastus , Aeoloderma , Aeoloides , Aeolus , Agriotes , Agrypnus , Alaus , Aeolus Ampedus , Anchastus , Anostirus , Aplotarsus , Athous , Berninelsonius , Betarmon , Brachygonus , Brachylacon , Calambus , Cardiophorus , Chalcolepidus , Cidnopus , Conoderus , Crespedostethus , Comb Ctenicera , Dacnitus , Dalopius , Danosoma , Denticollis , Diacanthous , Dicronychus , Dima , Drasterius , Eanus , Ectamenogonus , Ectinus , Elater , Elathous , Eopenthes , Fleutiauxellus , Haterumelater , Hemicleus , Hemicrepidius , Heteroderes , Sandworm ( Hori stonotus ), Hypnoidus , Hypoganus , Hypolithus , Idolus , Idotarmonides , Ischnodes , Isidus , Itodacne , Jonthadocerus , Lacon , Lanelater , Limoniscus , Liotrichus , Queen Executioner Beetle ( Megapenthes ), female red click beetle ( Melanotus ) Melanoxanthus , Metanomus , Mulsanteus , Negastrius , Neopristilophus , Nothodes , Oedostethus , Orithales , Paracardiophorus , Paraphotistus , Peripontius , Pheletes , Pittonotus , Pityobius Portdius , Podesh . Procraerus , Prodrasterius , Prosternon , Pseudanostrius , Pyrophorus , Quasimus , Reitterelater , Selatosomus , Sericus , Simodactylus , Spheniscosomus ), Stenagostus , Synaptus , Tetrigus , and Zorochros .

All plants and plant parts can be treated in accordance with the present disclosure. In this context, plants are understood to mean all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crops (including naturally occurring crops).

As used herein, the term "plant part" encompasses all components of a plant including seeds, shoots, stems, leaves, roots, flowers, and plant tissues and organs, plant cells, suspension cultures, callus, embryos , meristem zone, gametophytes, sporophytes, pollen, microspores and propagules. A "propagule" is any kind of organ, tissue, or cell of a plant capable of developing into a complete plant. Propagutes can be based on asexual reproduction (also known as asexual reproduction, asexual propagation or asexual reproduction) or sexual reproduction. Thus, propagules may be seeds or parts of non-reproductive organs such as stems or leaves. Especially with regard to the Poaceae, suitable propagules are also stem parts, ie stem cuttings.

In certain embodiments, the plant or plant part is from a monocot. In certain embodiments, the plant or plant part is from a dicot. Examples of plants (e.g., plants susceptible to Coleoptera) for which find use in light of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, plants (or plant parts) derived from the following genera: Ananas , Musa , Vitis ( Vitis ), Fragaria , Lotus , Medicago , Onobrychis , Trifolium , Trigonella , Vigna , Citrus Citrus , Carica , Persea , Prunus , Syragrus , Theobroma , Coffea , Linum , old Geranium , Manihot , Daucus , Arabidopsis , Brassica , Raphanus , Sinapis , Belladonna ( Atropa ), Capsicum ( Capsicum ), Datura ( Datura ), Hyoscyamus ( Hyoscyamus ), Lycopersicon ( Lycopersicon ), Nicotiana ( Nicotiana ), Solanum ( Solanum ), Petunia ( Petunia ) Digitalis , Majorana , Mangifera , Cichorium , Helianthus , Lactuca , Bromus , Asparagus , Antirrhinum , Heterocallis , Nemesia , Pelargonium , Panicum , Pennisetum , Ranunculus , Senecio Senecio , Salpiglossis, Cucurbita , Cucumis , Browaalia , Lolium , Malus , Apium , Cotton ( Gossypium ), Vicia ( Vicia ), sweet pea ( Lathyrus ), Lupinus , Pachyrhizus , Wisteria , Stizolobium , Agrostis , Phleum , Dactylis , Sorghum , Setaria , Zea , Oryza , Triticum , Secale , Avena , Hordeum , Saccharum , Poa , Festuca , Stenotaphrum , Cynodon , Coix , Olyreae , Phareae , Glycine , Pisum , Psidium , Cicer , Phaseolus , Lens , and Groundnut Genus ( Arachis ).

In certain embodiments, plants include, but are not limited to, plants (or plant parts) derived from the Poaceae family such as the following genera: Hordeum, Rye, Avena, Sorghum, Andropogon , Velvet Grass ( Holcus ), Panicum, Oryza, Zea, Triticum, for example the following genera and species: Hordeum vulgare , Hordeum jubatum , Hordeum murinum , Hordeum secalinum , cultivated two-rowed barley ( Hordeum distichon ), Tibetan barley ( Hordeum aegiceras ), six-rowed barley ( Hordeum hexastichon ), Hordeum hexastichum , Hordeum irregulare , Hordeum sativum , Hordeum secalinum , rye ( Secale cereal ), oats ( Avena sativa ), wild oats ( Avena fatua ) , Red Oat ( Avena byzantine ), Variant Cultivated Oat ( Avena fatua var. sativa ), Avena hybrid ), Sorghum bicolor , Sorghum halepense , Sorghum saccharatum , Sorghum vulgare , Andropogon drummondii Sorghum, Sorghum ( Holcus bicolor ), Holcus sorghum , Sorghum aethiopicum , Sorghum arundinaceum , Sorghum caffrorum , Bend sorghum ( Sorghum cernuum ), Sweet sorghum ( Sorghum dochna ), Sudan grass ( Sorghum drummondii ), Hard stem sorghum ( Sorghum durra ), Sorghum guineense , Sorghum lanceolatum , Sorghum nervosum , sweet sorghum , Sorghum subglabrescens , Sorghum verticilliflorum , Sorghum vulgare , Holcus halepensis , Sorghum miliaceum , millet ( Panicu m militaceum ), rice ( Oryza sativa ), broad-leaved rice ( Oryza latifolia ), maize ( Zea mays ), common wheat ( Triticum aestivum ), durum wheat ( Triticum durum ), cone wheat ( Triticum turgidum ), Triticum hybernum , apex Munsebelt wheat ( Triticum macha ), Triticum sativum or Triticum vulgare .

In certain embodiments, plants include, but are not limited to, plants (or plant parts) from oleaginous crops that contain high amounts of lipid compounds, such as peanut, Brassica napus, canola, sunflower, safflower, poppy, mustard, hemp , castor, olive, sesame, calendula, pomegranate, evening primrose, mullein, thistle, wild rose, hazelnut, almond, macadamia nut, avocado, bay, pumpkin/squash, flaxseed, soybean, pistachio, Borage, trees (oil palm, coconut, walnut) or crops such as corn, wheat, rye, oats, triticale, rice, barley, cotton, cassava, pepper, marigolds (Tagetes), solanaceous plants such as potatoes , tobacco, eggplant and tomato, Vicia species, peas, alfalfa or shrubs (coffee, cocoa, tea), Salix species, and herbaceous perennials and forage crops.

In certain embodiments, plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests are potato plants, corn plants, soybean plants, sugar beet plants, cabbage plants, carrot plants, legume plants, wheat plants, barley plants, coffee plants, sugar cane plants, Cotton plants, or lawn and ornamental plants.

In addition to treatment with Compound A, plants can also be treated with one or more chemical compositions, including one or more herbicides, insecticides, or fungicides. Exemplary chemical compositions include: Fruit/Vegetable Herbicides: Atrazine, Bromacil, Diuron, Glyphosate, Linuron, Metrazine (Metribuzin), Simazine, Trifluralin, Fluazifop, Glufosinate, Halosulfuron Gowan, Paraquat, Pentyne Propyzamide, Sethoxydim, Butafenacil, Halosulfuron, Indaziflam; fruit/vegetable insecticides: Aldicarb, Bacillus thuriengiensis, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Abamectin, Cyferon / Beta Cyfluthrin/beta-cyfluthrin, Esfenvalerate, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Acequinocyl, Bifenazate, Methoxyfenozide , Novaluron, Chromafenozide, Thiacloprid, Dinotefuran, Fluacrypyrim, Spirodiclofen, Gamma -cyhalothrin, Spiromesifen, Spinosad, Rynaxypyr, Cyazypyr, Triflumuron, Spirotetramat, Idamide (Imidacloprid), Flubendiamide, Thiodicarb, Metaflumizone, Sulfoxaflor, Cyflumetofen, Cyanopyrafen, Canidine ( Clothianidin), Thiamethoxam, Spinotoram, Thiamethoxam, Fluorine Flonicamid, Methiocarb, Emamectin-benzoate, Indoxacarb, Fenamiphos, Pyriproxifen, Fenbutatin- oxid); fruit/vegetable fungicides: Ametoctradin, Azoxystrobin, Benthiavalicarb, Boscalid, Captan, Befenti ( Carbendazim), Chlorothalonil, Copper, Cyazofamid, Cyflufenamid, Cymoxanil, Cyproconazole, Cyprodinil , Difenoconazole, Dimethomorph, Dithianon, Fenamidone, Fenhexamid, Fluazinam, Fludioxonil, Fluorine Fluopicolide, Fluopyram, Fluoxastrobin, Fluxapyroxad, Folpet, Fosetyl, Iprodione, C Iprovalicarb, Isopyrazam, Kresoxim-methyl, Mancozeb, Mandipropamid, Metalaxyl/mefenoxam , Metiram, Metrafenone, Myclobutanil, Penconazole, Penthiopyrad, Picoxystrobin, Propamocarb, Propamocarb Propiconazole, Propineb, Proquinazid, Prothioconazole, Pyraclostrobin, Pyrimethanil, Quinoxyfen, Live Snail Spiroxamine, Sulfur, Tebuconazole, Methylparaben Thiophanate-methyl, Trifloxystrobin; Cereal herbicides: 2, 4-di (2.4-D), Amidosulfuron, Bromoxynil (Bromoxynil), ethyl gram ( Carfentrazone-E), Chlorotoluron, Chlorsulfuron, Clodinafop-P, Clopyralid, Dicamba, Diclofop-M , Diflufenican, Fenoxaprop, Florasulam, Flucarbazone-NA, Flufenacet, Flupyrosulfuron -M), Fluroxypyr, Flurtamone, Glyphosate, Iodosulfuron, Ioxynil, Isoproturon, one of the herbicide ingredients (MCPA), Mesosulfuron, Pendimethalin, Pinoxaden, Propoxycarbazone, Prosulfocarb, Pyroxsulam, Sulfosulfuron, Thifensulfuron, Tralkoxydim, Triasulfuron, Tralkoxydim, Triasulfuron, Trimesulfuron (Tribenuron), triephrine, trifluoromethylsulfuron (Tritosulfuron); cereal fungicides: bixafen (Bixafen), bakleyl, befenti, tetrachloroisobenzonitrile, sephenamide, cyclic Kezao, Cypro, Dimoxystrobin, Epoxiconazole, Fenpropidin, Fenpropimorph, Fluopyrel, Fluoxastrobin, Fluquinconazole , Fluoxetine, Yapaizhan, Kresoxim-methyl, Metconazole, Metconazole, Metconazole, Pyrexam, Picoxystrobin, Prochloraz, Pukeli, Prokuaijing , Pulticonazole, Becmin, Quinofin, Alive Spirulina, Decrell, Methylclean, Trifluramine; Cereal Insecticides: Dimethoate, Sai Luoning, Dimetanin, Saimetenin, Betasaifuning, Bifenthrin, Yidamide, Canidine, Saisuan, Saiguopei, Yamipei, Dinetofuran, Clorphyriphos , Bigap (Pirimicarb), Micig, Quick Kill fluorine; Corn herbicides: Atone, Alachlor, Bromoxynil, Acetochlor, Tikegrass, Bikegrass, Levorotary ((S-)Dimethenamid), Mesotrione, Glyphosate, Isoxaflutole, (S-)Metolachlor, Mesotrione, Tobacco Nicosulfuron, Primisulfuron, Rimsulfuron, Sulcotrione, Foramsulfuron, Topramezone, Tembotrione, Saflufenacil, Thiencarbazone, Flufenacet, Pyroxasulfon; Insecticides for corn: Jiabaofu, Taosong, Bifenning, Fipronil, Yida Amine, Xeronine, Tefluthrin, Terbufos, Sesoan, Canidine, Cimephen, Fludazine, Trifull, Rinapai, Tefluthrin, Thiamex , Beta Saifuning, Saimeining, Bifenning, Lufenuron, Tebupirimphos, Ethiprole, Cyantraniliprole, Saiguopei, Acetamiprid , dinotefuran, avermectin (Avermectin); corn fungicides: ytropamine, bixafen, bakleyl, cyclazone, kresastrobin, iptrex, seed coating ester (Fenitropan) , fluopyrel, fluoxastrobin, fluoxetine, yapezhan, metezuo, pingtirene, picoxystrobin, pukeleil, pulticonazole, bekamine, decrele, trifluramine; rice Herbicides: Butachlor, Propanil, Azimsulfuron, Bensulfuron, Cyhalofop, Daimuron, Fentrazamide, Imazosulfuron, Mefenacet, Oxaziclomefone, Pyrazosulfuron, Pyributicarb, Quinclorac , Thiobencarb, Indanofan (Indanofan), Flufenacet, Metrazil, Hesulon, 㗁𠯤 oxalone, Benzobicyclone (Benzobicyclon), Pyriftalid (Pyriftalid), Pingsulan (Penoxsulam), Bispyribac, Oxadiargyl, Ethoxysulfuron, Pretilachlor, Mesotrione, Tefuryltrione, Oxadiazone, Fenza, Pyrimisulfan; rice insecticides: Diazinon, Fenobucarb, Benfuracarb, Buprofezin, Dartnam, Fipronil, Idamide, Isoprocarb, Saigope, Cofenol, Canedine, Yisip, Fludrazine, Rinapa, Dimethonine, Yamepe , Saisuan, cyantraniliprole, spinosad, spinot, inmetin, sametin, Etofenprox, Jiabaofu, Mianfuke, Suzalu; rice fungicides: Yatropin, Befenti, Garpramide, Diclocymet, Diclocy, Edifenphos, Ferimzone, Gentamycin, Hexaconazole ), Hymexazol, Iprobenfos (IBP), Isoprothiolane, Isotianil, Kasugamycin, Zinc manganese, Phenoxybacterium Metominostrobin, Orysastrobin, Pencycuron, Probenazole, Puckryl, Methylzinc Naipur, Pyroquilon, Decryl, Methylclean, Thioxetine Tiadinil, Tricyclazole, Trifluoromin, Validamycin; Cotton herbicides: Dayoulong, Fluometuron, Sodium Methyl Arsenate (MSMA), Oxyfluorfen, Prometryn, Triephrine, Carfentrazone, Clethodim, Fluazifop-butyl, Glyphosate, Fluoxamine (Norflurazon), Shidepu, Pyrithiobac-sodium, Trifloxysulfuron, Tepralox ydim), solid herbicide, Flumioxazin, Thidiazuron; Cotton insecticides: Acephate, Demigram, Taosong, Saimioxazin, Dimioxazin, Acephate Batine, Yamipe, Inmetine, Yidamide, Indec, Xeronine, Spinosal, Thiamac, Gamma Xeronine, Cimiphen, Bidali, Fluniamide, Fluoride Mie, Sanfulong, Linapai, Beta Saifuning, Cipaimi, Canidine, Saisuan, Saiguopei, Dinotefuran, Fluoride, Cyantraniliprole, Cinotox, Ci Knott, Gamma Xeronine, 4-[[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]furan-2(5hydrogen)-one (4 -[[(6-Chlorpyridin-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]furan-2(5H)-on), sulfidec, abamectin, furanilamide, Bidali, Ci Miphen, quick kill fluoride; cotton fungicides: Yatropin, bixafen, bakleyl, befenti, tetrachloroisobenzonitrile, copper, cyclogram, dikeli, kysoxazol, and Puzuo, Midazolone, Fujiamine, Fluopyril, Fluoxastrobin, Fluoxetine, Yiputong, Yapaizhan, Yajini, Zinc Maneb, Maneb (Maneb), Phenoxy Bacteril, Pinthiorem, Picoxystrobin, Methylzinc, Naipur, Pulticonazole, Becmin, Quintozene, Declair, Tetraconazole, Methylclean, Trifluoro Soybean herbicides: Lagrass, Bentazone, Triephrine, Chlorimuron-Ethyl, Cloransulam-Methyl, Fenzafen, Fomesafen ( Fomesafen), Fuzipu, Glyphosate, Imazamox, Imazaquin, Imazethapyr, (S-)Metolachlor, Metolazine, Shi De Pu, De Herbicide, Solid Herbicide; Soybean Insecticides: Xeronine, Methomyl, Yidamide, Canidine, Saisuan, Saiguopei, Yamipe, Dinotefuran, Fluoxetine, Rinapa, Cyantraniliprole, Spinosad, Cinot, Inmetine, Fipronil, Yisip, Dimethonine, Betasyrone, Gamma Xeronine, and Cyclotide Luoning, 4-[[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]furan-2(5hydrogen)-one, epiphen, epiphen , triflurone, flunidine, thiodiclofenac, beta saifuning; soybean fungicides: yatropin, bixafen, bakleyl, befenti, tetrachloroisobenzonitrile, copper ( Copper), Huankezuo, Taikeli, Kresoxam, Iprezuo, Fuguiamine, Fluopyrel, Fluoxastrobin, Flutriafol, Fluoxetine, Yapaizhan, Yiputong, Yajini, Zinc Manganese Naipu, Manganese Naipu, Meteor, Phenoxystrobin, McNee, Ping Thiorene, picoxystrobin, prokaryl, methylzinc Naipur, pruticonazole, becmin, decrele, tetraklein, methyl-clean, trifluramine; beet herbicide: Chloridazon , Desmedipham, Ethofumesate, Phenmedipham, Triallate, Bikta, Fusip, Cyclopyr, Metamitron, Chlormethine Acid (Quinmerac), Cycloxydim, Triflusulfuron, Dexagrass, Quizalofop; Beet Insecticides: Yidamide, Cornidine, Cyclosulfuron, Saigo Pepe, Yamipe, Dinotefuran, Betaceronin, Gamma Xeronine/Xeronine, 4-[[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoro Ethyl)amino]furan-2(5hydrogen)-one, Taifuning, Linapai, Cyaxypyr, Fipronil, Jiabaofu; mustard herbicides: Bikecao, Diclopyr , Fujipu, Gucaiza, Glyphosate, Metazachlor, Triephrine, Ethametsulfuron, quinclorac, Kuaifucao, Kezatong, Decaiza ;Mustard fungicides: Yatropin, bixafen, bakleyl, befenti, cyclazone, dikeli, kysoxastrobin, ipzu, fuguiamine, fluperid, fluoximella Esters, Flusilazole, Flusilazole, Ipreton, Apizam, Mepiquat-chloride, Mepiquat-chloride, Mepiquat-chloride, Paclobutrazole, Pithiorem, Pyridine Oxstrobin, Pokra, Pulticonazole, Becmin, Decrell, Methylclean, Trifluramine, Vinclozolin; Mustard Insecticides: Jiabaofu, Saiguopei, Diclozolin , Yidamide, Canidine, Saisuan, Yamipre, Dinotefuran, Betaceronin, Gamma Xeronine and Xeronine, tau-Fluvaleriate, Yisipu, Spinosad, Ci Knott, Fludacid, Rinapa, Cyantraniliprole, and 4-[[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]furan-2 (5Hydro)-one. Example Example 1 - Soil Incorporation of Compound A

Non-sterilized North Carolina sandy loam soil (Sandhills soil, Sands and Soils, Durham, NC) was air dried and sieved through a #10 sieve. Dried soils were treated with Technical Grade of Active Ingredient (TGAI) (such as compound A) in 100% acetone solution in acetone-resistant plastic bags. After application of the solution, each bag was sealed and shaken briefly, then maintained sealed for at least 10 minutes to allow the treatment solution to soak into the soil block. The bags were then unsealed and left overnight in a fume hood to evaporate any solvent from the soil. After degassing, the sample is sealed and shaken again. One day after treatment (DAT) pretreated soil was mixed with distilled water (~12.5% moisture) in a plastic bag and 11 cm ^of soil was dispensed into 1-oz DART black portion cups middle. Each cup is a replica, and the replica is 20x. Each cup was infested with nematode (Elateridae) larvae (20-35 mg each) along with two untreated germinated wheat seeds (soaked for 48 hours before infestation). Cups were covered with a translucent 1 oz. press cap (Bio-Serv). Perforate the top of each lid with a dissecting needle to provide airflow. The test site was kept in an artificial environment room (25°C, 24D). At 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 DAI, nematodes were placed on the soil for evaluation. After 7 DAI, new untreated sprouted wheat was added to each cup, and soil moisture was adjusted as needed at the time of evaluation. Nematodes were assessed as alive if they burrowed below the surface within 15 minutes, as moribund if they moved but were unable to move below the soil surface within 15 minutes, and as moribund if they did not appear to move die.

Soil incorporation assays were used to assess intrinsic activity of Compound A against field-collected nematodes (Limonius spp). Broflanilide, the most active insecticide against Wireworms, was used as a positive control. The data (Table 1) showed that compound A exhibited excellent anti-nematode efficacy at 5 ppm which was about 10 times higher than that of the positive control of bromflubendiamide. Internal historical data showed that fipronil was approximately 10-fold less active than flubendiamide against Wireworm (data not shown), suggesting that compound A and fipronil exhibited similar activity.

[Table 1]: Toxic effects of compound A on nematodes exposed by soil incorporation compound Ratio (ppm ai/soil) Mean percent death relative to solvent blank 4 DAI 7 DAI 14 DAI 21 DAI 28 DAI Compound A 5 0 74 100 100 100 0.5 0 0 37 42 42 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 Bromflubendiamide 0.5 0 0 37 89 100 0.05 16 16 twenty one 37 58 solvent blank - 5 5 5 5 5 Example 2 - Corn Seed Treatment of Compound A

Fill the container (162 cc) with Redi-earth and water before planting. Compound A was dissolved in DMSO, and the formulated material was diluted in water. Treatments were administered in 20-ml scintillation vials. Ten corn seeds were added and the vial was vortexed for 1 minute. Let the seeds dry in a fume hood and plant later the same day. Plant 1 seed per pot to a depth of 2-cm. Each pot is a replicate (10 replicates per treatment). Pots were arranged in a completely random design in the greenhouse and watered and fertilized daily from above. Plants were infected 6 days after treatment (DAT). Twenty second instar western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) larvae were infested into each pot (5 replicates per treatment). After infestation, pots are arranged in a random block design on two-tiered light carts at room temperature and watered and fertilized from above as needed. Shoot height (cm) was assessed 7 days after infection (DAI) and 14 days. Fresh root mass (g) was assessed at 14 DAI. Dry root mass (g) was assessed at least one week after fresh root mass assessment. Data analysis was performed using the Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) method.

As shown in Figure 1, Compound A showed significant shoot protection when compared to infested controls (Figure IA), and no significant difference when compared to non-infested controls. In terms of root protection (Fig. IB), Compound A also provided higher protection when compared to the infested controls (though also significantly lower than the non-infested controls). Example 3 - Field Trial ( Potato vs. Nematode )

To assess whether Compound A exhibited any activity against nematodes in the field, two potato field trials were carried out in the Netherlands. Belem (active ingredient: cypermethrin), NEMATHORIN 10G (active ingredient: thiazophos) and profenfos were used as positive controls. Apply in furrow with all products. Compound A, NEMATHORIN 10G and BELEM were applied at 1000, 2000 and 1920 g ai/ha, respectively. Phytotoxicity and emergence were observed and recorded. Potato yields based on size ranges were compared between treatments. Potato quality was also compared in terms of nematode damage (ie, number of holes per potato). Data analysis was performed using the Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) method.

Nematodes usually feed on potato roots (or tubers) by creating channels or holes, which usually result in a significant reduction in potato quality rather than a loss in potato yield (unless under high pressure). A decrease in quality will significantly affect the marketability of the potatoes. Data from two potato field trials showed that none of the insecticide products showed any phytotoxicity or yield improvement (data not shown). However, all insecticide products did improve potato quality in terms of absence of holes in the potatoes (which is critical as a commodity) (Tables 2-3). At an application rate of 3900 g ai/ha, Ethoprophos showed a significant improvement in potato quality (P=0.05, Student-Newman-Keuls). Compound A did improve potato quality at an application rate of 1000 g ai/ha, by about 10% in both trials, but not statistically (P=0.05, Student-Newman-Keuls). Compound A was more effective than cypermethrin at an application rate of 1920 g ai/ha in both trials. The results show that Compound A provides protection from nematode damage in field conditions.

[Table 2]: Feeding control of insecticides to nematodes (Test 1) product Ratio (g ai/ha) Quality A (% no damage) Quality B (% Low Damage: 1-2 holes) Quality C (% moderate damage: 3-5 holes) Control (untreated) - ^{60.0b 36.4a} 3.6- Bath 238 05 (Ethoprophos) 3900 75.0 ^{a 20.7c} 3.7- Compound A 1000 ^69.9ab 27.4 ^bc 2.3- NEMATHORIN 10G (Fosthiazate) 2000 ^{76.1a 20.0c} 3.0- BELEM (Cypermethrin) 1920 ^{64.8ab 31.1ab} 3.7- Rate expressed in g ai/ha: grams of active ingredient per hectare. Potato quality was classified as A, B or C based on the number of holes in harvested tubers caused by nematode ingestion. Means followed by the same letter or symbol were not significantly different (P=0.05, Student-Newman-Keuls)

[Table 3]: Insecticide feed control against nematodes (Test 2) product Ratio (g ai/ha) Quality A (% no damage) Quality B (% Low Damage: 1-2 holes) Quality C (% moderate damage: 3-5 holes) Control (untreated) - ^{71.6b 25.0a} 3.0- Bath 238 05 (Ethoprophos) 3900 ^{93.2a 6.6b} 0.1- Compound A 1000 ^{82.7ab 16.1ab} 0.5- NEMATHORIN 10G (Fosthiazate) 2000 ^{88.2ab 11.4ab} 0.2- BELEM (Cypermethrin) 1920 ^{77.7ab 19.8ab} 1.7- Rate expressed in g ai/ha: grams of active ingredient per hectare. Potato quality was classified as A, B or C based on the number of holes in harvested tubers caused by nematode ingestion. Means followed by the same letter or symbol were not significantly different (P=0.05, Student-Newman-Keuls) Example 4 - Activity of Compound A against non-soil pests

Compound A at a concentration of 500 ppm or less, is effective against 9 insects (orchid thrips (ANAPCO), black bean aphid (APHICR), rice stem borer (CHILSU), two-spotted leafhopper (NEPHIM), brown planthopper (NILALU ), rice green bug (NEZAVI), diamondback moth (PLUTMA), tobacco bud moth (HELIVI), green peach aphid (MYZUPE)) and a spider mite (TETRKW). As shown in Table 1, Compound A only showed activity on PLUTMA, and down to 100 ppm. Activity against any of these pests was undetectable at 10 ppm or less.

[Table 4]: Ability of compound A against insects and spider mites insect* 500 ppm 300 ppm 100 ppm 10 ppm ANAPCO 25 APHICR 0 CHILSU 0 0 25 NEPHIM 0 NILALU 0 NEZAVI 25 25 0 PLUTMA 100 100 100 0 HELIVI 0 MYZUPE 0 TETRKW 0 *: ANAPCO: Anaphothrips corbetti , Vanda thrips; APHICR: Aphis craccivora , Cowpea aphids; CHILSU: Chilo suppressalis , rice rice stem borer; NEPHIM: Nephotettix virescens , green rice leafhopper; NILALU: Nilaparvata lugens , brown-backed rice planthopper; PLUTMA : Plutella xylostella , diamondback moth; HELIVI: Helicoverpa virescens , tobacco budworm (tobacco budworm); MYZUPE: Myzus persicae , green peach aphid aphids); TETRKW: Tetranychus kanzawai , Kanzawa spider mite

The data presented in this example, combined with the data presented in Examples 1-3, show that Compound A is not effective against all insects. For example, the data presented in the disclosure show that Compound A is not particularly effective against insects that cause damage primarily to the foliar regions of plants, but is particularly effective against soil pests such as nematodes and corn rootworms. Compound A therefore appears to be unexpectedly effective in inhibiting the activity of, for example, coleopteran soil pests such as nematodes and corn rootworms.

至易受鞘翅目害蟲影響之植物的所在地。 ＜2＞               ＜1＞之方法，其中易受鞘翅目害蟲損害之植物為馬鈴薯植物、玉米植物、大豆植物、甜菜植物、甘藍菜植物、胡蘿蔔植物、豆類植物、小麥植物、大麥植物、咖啡植物、甘蔗植物、棉花植物、或草坪或觀賞植物。 ＜3＞               ＜1＞或＜2＞之方法，其中將化合物藉由以下者施用至所述之植物：噴灑、燻蒸、化學處理、霧化、散佈、刷塗、種子處理、翻土(shanking)、用顆粒或帶狀噴灑的犁溝中施用、或注射。 ＜4＞               ＜1＞-＜3＞之任一者之方法，其中方法包含將化合物施用於易受鞘翅目害蟲損害之植物的土壤。 ＜5＞               ＜1＞-＜4＞之任一者之方法，其中鞘翅目害蟲是蠐螬、線蟲、或玉米根蟲。 ＜6＞               保護易受鞘翅目害蟲損害或鞘翅目害蟲傷害之植物的方法，包含施用具有以下結構的化合物

至易受鞘翅目害蟲損害或傷害之植物的所在地。 ＜7＞               ＜6＞之方法，其中易受鞘翅目害蟲損害或鞘翅目害蟲傷害之植物為馬鈴薯植物、玉米植物、大豆植物、甜菜植物、甘藍菜植物、胡蘿蔔植物、豆類植物、小麥植物、大麥植物、咖啡植物、甘蔗植物、棉花植物、或草坪或觀賞植物。 ＜8＞               ＜6＞或＜7＞之方法，其中將化合物藉由以下者施用至所述之植物：噴灑、燻蒸、化學處理、霧化、散佈、刷塗、種子處理、翻土、用顆粒或帶狀噴灑的犁溝中施用、或注射。 ＜9＞               ＜6＞-＜8＞之任一者之方法，其中方法包含將化合物施用於易受鞘翅目害蟲損害或鞘翅目害蟲傷害之植物的土壤。 ＜10＞          ＜6＞-＜9＞之任一者之方法，其中該鞘翅目害蟲是蠐螬、線蟲、或玉米根蟲。 ＜11＞          增加易受鞘翅目害蟲損害的植物之產量的方法，包含施用具有以下結構的化合物

至易受鞘翅目害蟲損害之植物的所在地。 ＜12＞          ＜11＞之方法，其中易受鞘翅目害蟲損害之植物為馬鈴薯植物、玉米植物、大豆植物、甜菜植物、甘藍菜植物、胡蘿蔔植物、豆類植物、小麥植物、大麥植物、咖啡植物、甘蔗植物、棉花植物、或草坪或觀賞植物。 ＜13＞          ＜11＞或＜12＞之方法，其中將化合物藉由以下者施用至植物：噴灑、燻蒸、化學處理、霧化、散佈、刷塗、種子處理、翻土、用顆粒或帶狀噴灑的犁溝中施用、或注射。 ＜14＞          ＜11＞-＜13＞之任一者之方法，其中方法包含將化合物施用於易受鞘翅目害蟲損害之植物的土壤。 ＜15＞          ＜11＞-＜14＞之任一者之方法，其中鞘翅目害蟲是蠐螬、線蟲、或玉米根蟲。 This disclosure includes the following examples. <1> A method for suppressing population density of coleopteran pests in the locus of plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests, comprising applying a compound having the following structure

To the locus of plants susceptible to coleopteran pests. <2> The method of <1>, wherein the plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests are potato plants, corn plants, soybean plants, sugar beet plants, cabbage plants, carrot plants, bean plants, wheat plants, barley plants, coffee plants, Sugar cane plants, cotton plants, or lawn or ornamental plants. <3> The method of <1> or <2>, wherein the compound is applied to the plant by spraying, fumigation, chemical treatment, atomization, spreading, brushing, seed treatment, shanking , in-furrow application with granular or ribbon spray, or injection. <4> The method of any one of <1>-<3>, wherein the method comprises applying the compound to the soil of plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests. <5> The method of any one of <1>-<4>, wherein the Coleoptera pest is a grub, a nematode, or a corn rootworm. <6> A method for protecting a plant susceptible to damage by or damage by a coleopteran pest, comprising applying a compound having the following structure

To sites where plants are susceptible to damage or injury by coleopteran pests. <7> The method of <6>, wherein the plant susceptible to damage by a coleopteran pest or damaged by a coleopteran pest is a potato plant, a corn plant, a soybean plant, a sugar beet plant, a cabbage plant, a carrot plant, a bean plant, a wheat plant, barley plants, coffee plants, sugar cane plants, cotton plants, or lawn or ornamental plants. <8> The method of <6> or <7>, wherein the compound is applied to the plant by spraying, fumigation, chemical treatment, atomization, spreading, brushing, seed treatment, tilling, using granules In-furrow application or ribbon spraying, or injection. <9> The method of any one of <6>-<8>, wherein the method comprises applying the compound to the soil of a plant susceptible to damage by a Coleopteran pest or damaged by a Coleopteran pest. <10> The method of any one of <6>-<9>, wherein the Coleoptera pest is a grub, a nematode, or a corn rootworm. <11> A method for increasing yield of plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests, comprising applying a compound having the following structure

To the locus of plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests. <12> The method of <11>, wherein the plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests are potato plants, corn plants, soybean plants, sugar beet plants, cabbage plants, carrot plants, bean plants, wheat plants, barley plants, coffee plants, Sugar cane plants, cotton plants, or lawn or ornamental plants. <13> The method of <11> or <12>, wherein the compound is applied to the plant by spraying, fumigation, chemical treatment, atomization, spreading, brushing, seed treatment, tilling, using granules or strips In-furrow application by spraying, or injection. <14> The method of any one of <11>-<13>, wherein the method comprises applying the compound to the soil of plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests. <15> The method of any one of <11>-<14>, wherein the Coleoptera pest is a grub, a nematode, or a corn rootworm.

none

Figure 1A is a bar graph showing that Compound A provided significant shoot protection (eg, effect on plant height) when compared to infested controls.

Figure IB is a bar graph showing that Compound A provided higher root protection compared to infested controls.

Claims (15)

A method for suppressing the population density of coleopteran pests in the locus of plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests, the method comprising applying a compound having one of the following structures

To a locus of a plant susceptible to one of the coleopteran pests. The method for suppressing the population density of coleopteran pests in the location of a plant susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests is a potato plant, a corn plant, a soybean plant, a A beet plant, a cabbage plant, a carrot plant, a bean plant, a wheat plant, a barley plant, a coffee plant, a sugar cane plant, a cotton plant, or a lawn or ornamental plant. The method for suppressing the population density of coleopteran pests in the locus of plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the compound is applied to the plants by spraying, fumigation, chemical treatment, Atomization, spreading, brushing, seed treatment, shanking, in-furrow application with granular or ribbon spray, or injection. The method for suppressing the population density of coleopteran pests in the locus of plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the method comprises applying the compound to the soil of the plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests . The method for suppressing the population density of coleopteran pests in the locus of plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the coleopteran pests are grubs, nematodes, or corn rootworms. A method of protecting plants susceptible to or damaged by coleopteran pests, the method comprising applying a compound having the following structure

To a locus of one of the plants susceptible to or damaged by a Coleopteran pest. The method for protecting plants susceptible to damage from coleopteran pests or damage from coleopteran pests as claimed in item 6, wherein the plant susceptible to damage from coleopteran pests or damage from coleopteran pests is a potato plant, a corn plant, a soybean plant, A beet plant, a cabbage plant, a carrot plant, a bean plant, a wheat plant, a barley plant, a coffee plant, a sugar cane plant, a cotton plant, or a lawn or ornamental plant. The method for protecting plants susceptible to damage by or damage by coleopteran pests as claimed in claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the compound is applied to the plants by spraying, fumigation, chemical treatment, atomization, spreading , brushing, seed treatment, overturning, in-furrow application with granular or ribbon spray, or injection. The method for protecting a plant susceptible to damage by a coleopteran pest or damaged by a coleopteran pest as claimed in claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the method comprises applying the compound to the plant susceptible to damage by a coleopteran pest or damaged by a coleopteran pest soil. The method for protecting plants susceptible to damage or damage by coleopteran pests as claimed in claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the coleopteran pest is a grub, a nematode, or a corn rootworm. A method of increasing the yield of plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests, the method comprising applying a compound having the following structure

To a locus of a plant susceptible to damage by a Coleopteran pest. The method for increasing the yield of a plant susceptible to coleopteran pest damage as claimed in claim 11, wherein the plant susceptible to coleopteran pest damage is a potato plant, a corn plant, a soybean plant, a sugar beet plant, a cabbage plant , a carrot plant, a bean plant, a wheat plant, a barley plant, a coffee plant, a sugar cane plant, a cotton plant, or a lawn or ornamental plant. The method for increasing the yield of plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the compound is applied to the plants by: spraying, fumigation, chemical treatment, atomization, spreading, brushing , seed treatment, overturning, in-furrow application with granular or ribbon spray, or injection. The method for increasing yield of plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the method comprises applying the compound to the soil of the plants susceptible to damage by coleopteran pests. The method for increasing the yield of a plant susceptible to damage by a coleopteran pest according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the coleopteran pest is a grub, a nematode, or a corn rootworm.

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