TW202234815A - Motor unit - Google Patents

Abstract

A motor unit comprises a motor controller, a motor, and a Hall sensor, where the motor controller is used for driving the motor. The motor controller comprises a switch circuit, a control unit, a phase signal generating unit, and an operational amplifier. The control unit generates a plurality of control signals to control the switch circuit. The motor comprises a rotor, a silicon steel plate, and a coil. To increase a success rate of starting a forward rotation, the silicon steel plate may have an asymmetrical structure, such that a fan blade is inclined to a forward rotation direction in a still state. When a Hall voltage is zero, the motor controller may start the motor and switch phases.

Description

motor unit

The present invention relates to a motor unit, in particular to a single-phase motor unit.

Traditionally, there are two types of motor driving methods. One is to use the Hall sensor to switch the phase to drive the motor to run. The other is to drive the motor without the need for a Hall sensor. When the single-phase motor system is equipped with a Hall sensor, the Hall sensor must be able to sense more than a starting voltage value, so that the fan will rotate in the forward direction when it starts, otherwise there will be a risk of reverse rotation. Therefore, the Hall sensor is likely to cause the system to misjudge the rotation direction of the fan in a weak magnetic state. Similarly, when the single-phase motor system uses the sensorless driving method, if the back EMF signal is too small, the system will easily misjudge the rotation direction of the fan.

In view of the aforementioned problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a motor unit which can improve the success rate of starting the forward rotation.

The motor unit is provided according to the present invention. The motor unit has a motor controller, a motor, and a Hall sensor, wherein the motor controller is used to drive the motor. A fan has the motor, a fan blade, and the Hall sensor. The motor has a rotor, a silicon steel sheet, and a coil. The rotor is divided into 4 poles to switch the phase, with two poles N and two poles S each. The coil is wound on the silicon steel sheet, and changes the magnetic field by electromagnetic induction to drive the rotor. In order to improve the success rate of starting the forward rotation, the silicon steel sheet can have an asymmetric structure, so that the fan blade will deviate in the direction of forward rotation when it is in a static state. In addition, according to the forward rotation direction of the fan, the Hall sensor can be set at an advanced position corresponding to a zero point position of a mechanism, so that the motor is commutated in advance to improve the success rate of starting forward rotation.

The motor controller has a switch circuit, a control unit, a phase signal generating unit, and an operational amplifier. The switch circuit has a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, and a fourth transistor for supplying a motor current to the motor. The control unit generates a first control signal, a second control signal, a third control signal and a fourth control signal for controlling the first transistor, the second transistor and the third transistor respectively , and the conduction state of the fourth transistor. The phase signal generating unit generates a phase signal to the control unit for informing the control unit to switch the phase. The Hall sensor detects the position of the rotor and generates a first Hall signal and a second Hall signal. The operational amplifier receives the first Hall signal and the second Hall signal for generating a Hall output signal to the phase signal generating unit. The motor controller utilizes an asymmetric property of the silicon steel sheet to switch phases.

With the placement of the asymmetric silicon steel sheet and the Hall sensor, the motor controller can start the motor and switch phases when a Hall voltage is 0, wherein the Hall voltage is determined by the Hall sensor. produced by the detector. That is to say, when the motor is in a starting state and the difference between the first Hall signal and the second Hall signal is 0, the phase signal will change from a first level to a second level, using to inform the control unit to switch the phase. In order to prevent the first Hall signal and the second Hall signal from jittering around 0 volts, the phase signal generating unit may be provided with an anti-noise circuit to avoid a malfunction. The motor controller may have a first anti-noise mechanism and a second anti-noise mechanism to avoid the malfunction. After the motor controller switches phases, the motor controller can activate the first anti-noise mechanism so that the next phase switching time is greater than a predetermined time. In addition, after the motor controller switches phases, the motor controller can also activate the second anti-noise mechanism so that the difference between the first hall signal and the second hall signal must be greater than a positive value or less than a When the value is negative, the phase can be commutated again. For example, the positive value can be set to 10mV and the negative value can be set to −10mV. Therefore, the motor unit will not misjudge the rotation direction of the fan in a weak magnetic state, and at the same time, the locking problem of the motor can be avoided and the success rate of starting the forward rotation can be improved.

After the motor controller successfully starts the motor, the motor switches from the starting state to a normal operating state. When the motor is in the normal operating state, the motor controller can also switch phases when the Hall voltage is zero. That is, when the motor is in the normal operating state and the difference between the first Hall signal and the second Hall signal is 0, the phase signal will change from a first level to a second level, Used to notify the control unit to switch phases. Therefore, the phase signal generating unit can generate the phase signal to switch the phase during the activation state and the normal operation state. Furthermore, the motor controller can be applied to a single-phase motor system.

The objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fan 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The fan 1 has a motor M, a fan blade 130, and a Hall sensor 140, wherein the dotted line refers to the zero position of the mechanism. The motor M has a rotor 100 , a silicon steel sheet 110 , and a coil 120 . The rotor 100 is divided into 4 magnetic poles to switch phases, wherein the magnetic pole N and the magnetic pole S are two each. The coil 120 is wound on the silicon steel sheet 110 to change the magnetic field by electromagnetic induction to drive the rotor 100 . In order to improve the success rate of starting the forward rotation, the silicon steel sheet 110 may have an asymmetric structure, so that the fan blade 130 will deviate in the direction of forward rotation when it is in a stationary state. In addition, according to the forward rotation direction of the fan 1 , the Hall sensor 140 can be set at an advanced position corresponding to the zero point position of the mechanism, so that the motor M is commutated in advance to improve the success rate of starting the forward rotation.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the motor unit 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The motor unit 10 has a motor controller 11 , a motor M, and a Hall sensor 140 , wherein the motor controller 11 is used to drive the motor M. The motor M has a first terminal O1 and a second terminal O2. The motor controller 11 has a switch circuit 150 , a control unit 160 , a phase signal generating unit 170 , and an operational amplifier 180 . The switch circuit 150 has a first transistor 151 , a second transistor 152 , a third transistor 153 , and a fourth transistor 154 for supplying a motor current to the motor M. The first transistor 151 is coupled to a voltage source VCC and the first terminal O1 and the second transistor 152 is coupled to the first terminal O1 and a terminal GND. The third transistor 153 is coupled to the voltage source VCC and the second terminal O2 and the fourth transistor 154 is coupled to the second terminal O2 and the terminal GND. The first transistor 151 , the second transistor 152 , the third transistor 153 , and the fourth transistor 154 can be a P-type MOSFET or an N-type MOSFET. As shown in FIG. 2 , the first transistor 151 and the third transistor 153 are two P-type MOSFETs as an example. The second transistor 152 and the fourth transistor 154 are two N-type MOS transistors as an example.

The control unit 160 generates a first control signal C1, a second control signal C2, a third control signal C3, and a fourth control signal C4 for controlling the first transistor 151, the second transistor 152, the third The conduction state of the three transistors 153 and the fourth transistor 154 . The phase signal generating unit 170 generates a phase signal Vp to the control unit 160 for informing the control unit 160 to switch the phase. The Hall sensor 140 detects the position of the rotor 100 and generates a first Hall signal Vh1 and a second Hall signal Vh2. The operational amplifier 180 receives the first Hall signal Vh1 and the second Hall signal Vh2 for generating a Hall output signal Vh to the phase signal generating unit 170 . The operational amplifier 180 has a magnification A. The motor controller 11 utilizes an asymmetric property of the silicon steel sheet 110 to switch phases.

With the placement of the asymmetric silicon steel sheet 110 and the Hall sensor 140, the motor controller 11 can start the motor M and switch the phase when a Hall voltage is 0, wherein the Hall voltage is sensed by the Hall generated by device 140. That is to say, when the motor M is in a starting state and the difference between the first hall signal Vh1 and the second hall signal Vh2 is 0, the phase signal Vp will change from a first level to a second level, using to notify the control unit 160 to switch the phase. In order to avoid the jitter of the first hall signal Vh1 and the second hall signal Vh2 around 0 volts, the phase signal generating unit 170 may be provided with an anti-noise circuit to avoid malfunction. The motor controller 11 can have a first anti-noise mechanism and a second anti-noise mechanism to avoid malfunction. After the motor controller 11 switches the phases, the motor controller 11 can activate the first anti-noise mechanism so that the next phase change time needs to be longer than a predetermined time. In addition, after the motor controller 11 switches the phases, the motor controller 11 can also activate the second anti-noise mechanism so that the difference between the first hall signal Vh1 and the second hall signal Vh2 must be greater than a positive value or less than a negative value value can be commutated again. For example, positive values can be set to 10mV and negative values can be set to −10mV. Therefore, the motor unit 10 will not misjudge the rotation direction of the fan 1 in a weak magnetic state, and at the same time, the locking problem of the motor M can be avoided and the success rate of starting the forward rotation can be improved.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the phase signal generating unit 170 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The phase signal generating unit 170 has a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a first comparator CP1, a second comparator CP2, and a third comparator CP3 , an inverter 171, an inversion or gate 172, an inversion or gate 173, an inversion or gate 174, an inversion or gate 175, an inversion or gate 176, an inversion or gate 177, a debounce (Debounce) circuit 178, and a pulse generator 179 . The first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, and the fourth resistor R4 form a voltage divider for providing a first reference voltage Vr1, a second reference voltage Vr2, and a third reference voltage, respectively The voltage Vr3 goes to the first comparator CP1, the second comparator CP2, and the third comparator CP3. The voltage divider is coupled to the voltage source VCC and the terminal GND, wherein the voltage source VCC has a voltage V. Inverse-OR gate 176 and inverse-OR gate 177 form a first SR latch and inverse-OR gate 172 and inverse-OR gate 173 form a second SR latch. FIG. 4 is a timing chart of the first embodiment of the present invention. When the first Hall signal Vh1 is 0 and the second Hall signal Vh2 is 0, the Hall output signal Vh is biased to 1/2V through the operational amplifier 180 . Therefore, the first reference voltage Vr1 may be designed to be 1/2V. The first comparator CP1 compares the Hall output signal Vh with the first reference voltage Vr1 to generate a first signal V1 for switching phases. The pulse generator 179 receives the phase signal Vp to generate a reset signal RST to the debounce circuit 178 . When the phase signal Vp changes, the debounce circuit 178 can output an enable signal EN to the AND gate 174 and the AND gate 175 according to the reset signal RST to generate a preset time and make the next commutation time greater than the preset time . Therefore, the debounce circuit 178 can avoid malfunction. The second reference voltage Vr2 and the third reference voltage Vr3 can be designed to be 1/2V+positive value×A and 1/2V+negative value×A, respectively. The second comparator CP2 generates a second signal V2 by comparing the Hall output signal Vh with the second reference voltage Vr2. The third comparator CP3 generates a third signal V3 by comparing the Hall output signal Vh with the third reference voltage Vr3. The phase signal generating unit 170 uses the second signal V2 and the third signal V3, so that the difference between the first hall signal Vh1 and the second hall signal Vh2 needs to be greater than a positive value or less than a negative value before commutating again. The second comparator CP2, the third comparator CP3, the gates 174 and 175, the debounce circuit 178, and the pulse generator 179 can form an anti-noise circuit.

After the motor controller 11 successfully starts the motor M, the motor M will switch from the starting state to a normal operating state. When the motor M is in a normal operating state, the motor controller 11 can also switch the phase when the Hall voltage is zero. That is to say, when the motor M is in a normal operation state and the difference between the first hall signal Vh1 and the second hall signal Vh2 is 0, the phase signal Vp will change from a first level to a second level, using to notify the control unit 160 to switch the phase. Therefore, the phase signal generating unit 170 can generate the phase signal Vp to switch the phase between the start-up state and the normal operation state. In addition, the motor controller 11 can be applied to a single-phase motor system.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the motor unit 20 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The motor unit 20 has a motor controller 21 and a motor M. The motor controller 21 uses a sensorless driving method to drive the motor M. The motor controller 21 has a switch circuit 150 , a control unit 160 , a phase signal generating unit 270 , and a back EMF detection unit 280 . The switch circuit 150 has a first transistor 151 , a second transistor 152 , a third transistor 153 , and a fourth transistor 154 for supplying a motor current to the motor M. The control unit 160 generates a first control signal C1, a second control signal C2, a third control signal C3, and a fourth control signal C4 for controlling the first transistor 151, the second transistor 152, and the third transistor 153 respectively , and the conduction state of the fourth transistor 154 . The phase signal generating unit 270 receives a back EMF signal Vb to generate a phase signal Vp to the control unit 160 . The back EMF detection unit 280 generates the back EMF signal Vb to the phase signal generation unit 270 . With the asymmetric silicon steel sheet 110, the motor controller 21 can start the motor M and switch the phases when the back EMF signal Vb is 0. That is, when the motor M is in a starting state and the back EMF signal Vb is 0, the phase signal Vp will change from a first level to a second level to notify the control unit 160 to switch the phase. In order to avoid the jitter of the back EMF signal Vb near 0 volts, the phase signal generating unit 270 may be provided with an anti-noise circuit to avoid malfunction. After the motor controller 21 switches phases, the motor controller 21 can make the next phase change time longer than a predetermined time. In addition, after the motor controller 21 switches the phases, the motor controller 21 can also make the back EMF signal Vb greater than a positive value or less than a negative value to switch phases again. Therefore, when the back EMF signal Vb is too small, the motor unit 20 will not misjudge the rotation direction of the fan 1 , thereby increasing the success rate of starting the forward rotation.

After the motor controller 21 successfully starts the motor M, the motor M will switch from the starting state to a normal operating state. When the motor M is in a normal operating state, the motor controller 11 can also switch phases when the back EMF signal Vb is zero. That is, when the motor M is in a normal operation state and the back EMF signal Vb is 0, the phase signal Vp will change from a first level to a second level to notify the control unit 160 to switch the phase. Therefore, the phase signal generating unit 270 can generate the phase signal Vp to switch the phase during the startup state and the normal operation state. The phase signal generating unit 270 and the phase signal generating unit 170 may have the same circuit structure. In addition, the motor controller 21 can be applied to a single-phase motor system.

While the present invention has been described by way of illustration of the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, the present invention is intended to cover various modifications and similar arrangements apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the scope of the patent application should be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and similar arrangements. The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

1: Fan 10: Motor unit 11: Motor Controller 100: Rotor 110: Silicon steel sheet 120: Coil 130: fan blade 140: Hall sensor 150: switch circuit 151: The first transistor 152: Second transistor 153: The third transistor 154: Fourth transistor M: motor 160: Control Unit 170: Phase signal generation unit 180: Operational Amplifier O1: first endpoint O2: Second endpoint C1: The first control signal C2: The second control signal C3: The third control signal C4: Fourth control signal Vh1: The first Hall signal Vh2: Second Hall signal Vh: Hall output signal Vp: phase signal VCC: voltage source GND: endpoint R1: first resistor R2: Second resistor R3: the third resistor R4: Fourth resistor CP1: first comparator CP2: Second Comparator CP3: Third comparator 171: Inverter 172, 173, 176, 177: Anti-OR Gate 174, 175: and gates 178: Debounce circuit 179: Pulse Generator Vr1: the first reference voltage Vr2: The second reference voltage Vr3: The third reference voltage V1: first signal V2: Second signal V3: The third signal RST: reset signal EN: enable signal 20: Motor unit 21: Motor Controller 270: Phase signal generation unit 280: Back EMF detection unit Vb: back EMF signal

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fan according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the motor unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the phase signal generating unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a timing chart of the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a motor unit according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

10: Motor unit

11: Motor Controller

140: Hall sensor

150: switch circuit

151: The first transistor

152: Second transistor

153: The third transistor

154: Fourth transistor

M: motor

160: Control Unit

170: Phase signal generation unit

180: Operational Amplifier

O1: first endpoint

O2: Second endpoint

C1: The first control signal

C2: The second control signal

C3: The third control signal

C4: Fourth control signal

Vh1: The first Hall signal

Vh2: Second Hall signal

Vh: Hall output signal

Vp: phase signal

VCC: voltage source

GND: endpoint

Claims (25)

A motor unit comprising: a motor, wherein the motor includes a silicon steel sheet; and A motor controller, wherein the motor controller includes a switch circuit and a control unit, the motor controller is used to drive the motor, the switch circuit supplies a motor current to the motor, and the control unit generates a plurality of control signals to control the motor In the switch circuit, the silicon steel sheet has an asymmetric structure, so that when a fan blade is in a static state, it is inclined to a forward rotation direction. The motor unit of claim 1, wherein the silicon steel sheet has the asymmetric structure, so as to improve the success rate of starting a forward rotation. The motor unit of claim 1, wherein the motor further comprises a coil, and the coil is wound on the silicon steel sheet. The motor unit of claim 1, wherein the motor unit further comprises a Hall sensor, and according to a forward rotation direction of a fan, the Hall sensor is disposed at a position corresponding to a mechanism zero point the advanced position. The motor unit of claim 1, wherein the motor controller starts the motor and switches phases when a Hall voltage is 0, and the Hall voltage is generated by a Hall sensor. The motor unit as described in claim 1, wherein after the motor controller switches phases, the motor controller makes the next phase switching time longer than a predetermined time. The motor unit of claim 1, wherein the motor unit further comprises a Hall sensor, the Hall sensor generates a first Hall signal and a second Hall signal, when the motor After the controller switches the phases, the motor controller makes the phase change again only when a difference between the first Hall signal and the second Hall signal is greater than a positive value. The motor unit of claim 1, wherein the motor unit further comprises a Hall sensor, the Hall sensor generates a first Hall signal and a second Hall signal, when the motor After the controller switches the phases, the motor controller makes the phase change again only when a difference between the first Hall signal and the second Hall signal is less than a negative value. The motor unit of claim 1, wherein when the motor is in a normal operating state, the motor controller switches phases when a Hall voltage is 0, and the Hall voltage is sensed by a Hall produced by the device. The motor unit of claim 1, wherein the motor controller starts the motor and switches phases when a back electromotive force signal is 0. The motor unit of claim 1, wherein when the motor is in a normal operating state, the motor controller switches phases when a back electromotive force signal is zero. The motor unit of claim 1, wherein the motor controller is applied to a single-phase motor system. A motor controller is used to drive a motor, and the motor controller includes: a switch circuit for supplying a motor current to the motor; a control unit for generating a plurality of control signals to control the switch circuit; and a phase signal generating unit for receiving a hall output signal to generate a phase signal to the control unit, wherein the motor controller starts the motor and switches the phase when a hall voltage is 0, and the hall voltage is determined by generated by a Hall sensor. The motor controller as described in claim 13, wherein the phase signal generating unit comprises an anti-noise circuit, and the anti-noise circuit is used to avoid a malfunction. The motor controller of claim 13, wherein after the motor controller switches phases, the motor controller makes the next phase switching time longer than a predetermined time. The motor controller of claim 13, wherein after the motor controller switches phases, the motor controller makes a difference between a first hall signal and a second hall signal greater than a positive value can be commutated again. The motor controller of claim 13, wherein after the motor controller switches phases, the motor controller makes a difference between a first hall signal and a second hall signal less than a negative value value can be commutated again. The motor controller of claim 13, wherein the phase signal generating unit includes a first comparator, and the first comparator generates a first reference voltage by comparing the Hall output signal with a first reference voltage. The first signal is used to switch the phase. The motor controller of claim 18, wherein the phase signal generating unit further comprises a second comparator, and the second comparator generates a second reference voltage by comparing the Hall output signal with a second reference voltage. second signal. The motor controller of claim 19, wherein the phase signal generating unit further comprises a third comparator, and the third comparator generates a third comparator by comparing the Hall output signal with a third reference voltage third signal. A motor controller is used to drive a motor, and the motor controller includes: a switch circuit for supplying a motor current to the motor; a control unit for generating a plurality of control signals to control the switch circuit; and a phase signal generating unit for receiving a hall output signal to generate a phase signal to the control unit, wherein when the motor is in a normal operation state, the motor controller switches the phase when a hall voltage is 0, The Hall voltage is generated by a Hall sensor. The motor controller as described in claim 21, wherein the phase signal generating unit includes an anti-noise circuit for preventing a malfunction. A motor controller is used to drive a motor, the motor has a silicon steel sheet, and the motor controller comprises: a switch circuit for supplying a motor current to the motor; and A control unit is used for generating a plurality of control signals to control the switch circuit, wherein the silicon steel sheet has an asymmetric structure, and the motor controller utilizes an asymmetric characteristic of the silicon steel sheet to switch phases. A motor controller is used to drive a motor, and the motor controller includes: a switch circuit for supplying a motor current to the motor; a control unit for generating a plurality of control signals to control the switch circuit; and a phase signal generating unit for receiving a back electromotive force signal to generate a phase signal to the control unit, wherein the motor controller starts the motor and switches the phase when the back electromotive force signal is 0, and the motor controller is applied to a Single-phase motor system. A motor controller is used to drive a motor, and the motor controller includes: a switch circuit for supplying a motor current to the motor; a control unit for generating a plurality of control signals to control the switch circuit; and a phase signal generating unit for receiving a back electromotive force signal to generate a phase signal to the control unit, wherein when the motor is in a normal operating state, the motor controller switches the phase when the back electromotive force signal is 0, the The motor controller is applied to a single-phase motor system.

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