TW202231100A - Reduced overhead beam profile parametrization - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are techniques for wireless communication. In an aspect, a receiving entity receives information that characterizes a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by a transmission/reception point (TRP) using a set of transmission beams, the information comprising at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and, for each beam in the set of transmission beams, information identifying at least one precoding matrix. The receiving entity performs measurements of the positioning signals transmitted by the TRP, and calculates at least one positioning measurement estimate based on at least some of the at least one antenna element radiation pattern, the at least one antenna element array configuration, the information identifying at least one precoding matrix, and the positioning measurements. The receiving entity sends positioning information to the TRP. The positioning information may include the at least one positioning measurement estimate.

Description

Streamlined Management Burden Beam Profile Parameterization

Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communications.

Wireless communication systems have evolved over several generations, including first generation analog wireless telephone service (1G), second generation (2G) digital wireless telephone service (including 2.5G and 2.75G networks for transition), third generation (3G) ) high-speed data, Internet-enabled wireless services, and fourth-generation (4G) services (eg, Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax). There are many different types of wireless communication systems in use today, including cellular and Personal Communication Service (PCS) systems. Examples of known cellular systems include cellular analog advanced mobile phone system (AMPS) and based on code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), mobile Digital cellular systems of the Global System for Communications (GSM), etc.

The fifth generation (5G) wireless standard, known as New Radio (NR), requires higher data speeds, more connections, and greater coverage, among other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Network Alliance, the 5G standard is designed to provide data rates in the tens of terabits per second for each of tens of thousands of users, and for dozens of employees on a large office floor. 1 gigabit data rate per second. To support large sensor deployments, hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections should be supported. Therefore, the spectral efficiency of 5G mobile communications should be significantly improved compared to the current 4G standard. In addition, signal transfer efficiency should be improved and latency should be significantly reduced compared to current standards.

The following presents a simplified overview related to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Accordingly, the following summary should not be construed as a broad overview relevant to all anticipated aspects, nor should the following summary be considered to identify key or important elements relevant to all anticipated aspects or to describe the scope associated with any particular aspect . Thus, the sole purpose of the summary below is to present some concepts related to one or more aspects of the mechanisms disclosed herein in a simplified form prior to the embodiments presented below.

For UE-assisted or UE-based positioning based on angle measurements, the UE needs to know, for each positioning signal sent by the transmit/receive point (TRP), the expected beam power of the positioning signal as a function of azimuth angle. The known, proposed method of providing this information to the UE requires a large amount of bandwidth to report all positioning signals from only one TRP, and this requirement is multiplied by the number of TRPs from which the UE must obtain this information. Such large bandwidth is a burden in terms of both processing resources and power consumption for UEs, which are typically battery powered.

To solve this problem, several techniques are proposed for streamlining the management burden beam profile parameterization: instead of receiving a description of the beam pattern for each positioning resource, the UE receives information describing the transmit antenna configuration, describing the antenna elements Information of the power pattern and, for each positioning resource, the Precoding Matrix Information (PMI) index from the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) codebook of each positioning resource. By utilizing the information already maintained by the UE, the UE can receive an index value to a lookup table of feature descriptions, rather than a full characterization of the feature, which significantly saves bandwidth.

In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a receiving entity includes receiving information representing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by a TRP using a set of transmit beams, the information including at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and for each beam in the set of transmit beams, identifying information for at least one precoding matrix; performing measurements of positioning signals transmitted by the TRP; based on at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, Identifying at least some of the information of the at least one precoding matrix and the positioning measurements to calculate at least one positioning measurement estimate; and sending the positioning information to the TRP, the positioning information including the at least one positioning measurement estimate.

In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a TRP includes transmitting to a receiving entity information representing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by the TRP using a set of transmit beams, the information including at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and, for each beam in the set of transmit beams, identifying information for at least one precoding matrix; transmitting a set of positioning signals based on the information; and receiving positioning information from a receiving entity, the positioning information including at least one Positioning measurement estimation.

In one aspect, the receiving entity includes memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to receive information representing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by the TRP using a set of transmit beams, the information including at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and a For each beam in the set, identify information for at least one precoding matrix; perform measurements of positioning signals sent by the TRP; identify information for at least one precoding matrix based on at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration and at least some of the positioning measurements to calculate at least one positioning measurement estimate; and causing the at least one transceiver to transmit positioning information to the TRP, the positioning information including the at least one positioning measurement estimate.

In one aspect, a TRP includes memory, at least one transceiver, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to cause the at least one transceiver to transmit to a receiving entity information representing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by the TRP using the set of transmit beams, the information comprising at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration and, for each beam in the set of transmit beams, information identifying at least one precoding matrix; transmitting a set of positioning signals based on the information; and receiving positioning information from a receiving entity, the positioning information including at least one positioning quantity estimate.

In one aspect, the receiving entity includes means for receiving information representing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by the TRP using the set of transmit beams, the information including at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and for each beam in the set of transmit beams, identifying information of at least one precoding matrix; means for performing measurements of positioning signals transmitted by the TRP; for at least one antenna element radiation pattern based on at least one antenna element array configuration, identifying at least some of information of at least one precoding matrix and positioning measurements to calculate at least one positioning measurement estimate; and means for sending positioning information to the TRP, the positioning information including at least one positioning quantity estimate.

In one aspect, a TRP includes means for transmitting to a receiving entity information representing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by the TRP using a set of transmit beams, the information including at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuring, and for each beam in the set of transmit beams, information identifying at least one precoding matrix; means for transmitting a set of positioning signals based on the information; and means for receiving positioning information from a receiving entity, the The positioning information includes at least one positioning measurement estimate.

In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores a set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a receiving entity, cause the receiving entity to: receiving information characterizing the set of positioning signals to be transmitted by the TRP using the set of transmit beams, the information including at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and for each beam in the set of transmit beams, identifying at least one information of a precoding matrix; performing measurements of positioning signals transmitted by the TRP; based on at least some of at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, information identifying at least one precoding matrix, and positioning measurements calculating at least one positioning measurement estimate; and sending positioning information to the TRP, the positioning information including the at least one positioning measurement estimate.

In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores a set of instructions including one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a TRP, cause the TRP to: The entity transmits information characterizing the set of positioning signals to be transmitted by the TRP using the set of transmit beams, the information including at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and, for each beam in the set of transmit beams, identifying information of at least one precoding matrix; sending a set of positioning signals based on the information; and receiving positioning information from a receiving entity, the positioning information including at least one positioning measurement estimate.

Other objects and advantages associated with the various aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the drawings and embodiments.

Aspects of the present disclosure are provided in the following description and associated drawings, which are directed to various examples provided for purposes of illustration. Alternative aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of the disclosure are not described in detail or are omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the disclosure.

The words "exemplary" and/or "example" are used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" and/or "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Likewise, the term "aspects of the disclosure" does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage, or mode of operation.

Those of skill in the art would understand that the information and signals described below may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and processes. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols and chips referenced in the following description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof , partly depending on the specific application, partly on the desired design, partly on the corresponding technology, etc.

Furthermore, many aspects are described in terms of sequences of actions to be performed by elements such as computing devices. It will be appreciated that the various actions described herein can be performed by specific circuitry (eg, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), by program instructions executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of the two. Furthermore, the sequences of actions described herein can be considered to be fully embodied in any form of non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a corresponding set of computer instructions that, when executed, cause or instruct the device's The associated processors perform the functions described herein. Accordingly, various aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms, all of which are intended to be within the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, for each aspect described herein, the corresponding form of any such aspect may be described herein as, for example, "logic configured to perform the described action."

As used herein, unless otherwise stated, the terms "user equipment (UE)" and "base station" are not intended to be specific or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT). In general, a UE can be any wireless communication device (eg, mobile phone, router, tablet, laptop, consumer asset tracking device, wearable device (eg, smart watches, glasses, augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR) headsets, etc.), vehicles (e.g., cars, motorcycles, bicycles, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, etc.). The UE may be mobile or may be stationary (eg, at specific times) and may communicate with a radio access network (RAN). As used herein, the term "UE" may be referred to interchangeably as "Access Terminal" or "AT", "Client Device", "Wireless Device", "User Equipment", "User Terminal", "Subscriber Station" , "User Terminal" or "UT", "Mobile Device", "Mobile Terminal", "Mobile Station" or variants thereof. Typically, the UE can communicate with the core network via the RAN, and via the core network the UE can connect with external networks, such as the Internet, and with other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for the UE to connect to the core network and/or the Internet are also possible, such as via wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (eg, based on electrical and electronic Institute of Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 specification, etc.), etc.

Depending on the network it is deployed in, a base station may operate according to one of several RATs that communicate with the UE and may alternatively be referred to as an Access Point (AP), Network Node, NodeB, Evolved NodeB ( eNB), Next Generation eNB (ng-eNB), New Radio (NR) Node B (also known as gNB or gNodeB), etc. The base station may be used primarily to support wireless access for UEs, including supporting data, voice and/or signaling connections for supported UEs. In some systems, the base station may provide pure edge node signaling functions, while in other systems it may provide additional control and/or network management functions. The communication link over which the UE may send signals to the base station is referred to as an uplink (UL) channel (eg, reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). The communication link over which the base station may send signals to the UE is referred to as a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (eg, paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, forward traffic channel, etc.). The term traffic channel (TCH) as used herein may refer to an uplink/reverse or downlink/forward traffic channel.

The term "base station" may refer to a single entity transmit-receive point (TRP) or to multiple entity TRPs, which may or may not be co-located. For example, where the term "base station" refers to a single entity TRP, the entity TRP may be the antenna of the base station corresponding to a cell (or sectors of cells) of the base station. Where the term "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be the base station's antenna array (eg, in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming ). Where the term "base station" refers to a number of physical TRPs that are not co-located, the physical TRP may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio head Remote Side (RRH) (Remote base station connected to serving base station). Alternatively, the non-co-located entity TRP may be the serving base station receiving the measurement report from the UE and the neighboring base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signal the UE is measuring. Since, as used herein, a TRP is the point at which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, references to transmission from or reception at a base station should be understood to refer to the base station's specific TRP.

In some embodiments that support positioning of the UE, the base station may not support the UE's radio access (eg, may not support the UE's data, voice, and/or signaling connections), but may send reference signals to the UE for The UE measures, and/or may receive and measure signals transmitted by the UE. Such base stations may be referred to as location beacons (eg, when transmitting signals to UEs) and/or location measurement units (eg, when receiving and measuring signals from UEs).

An "RF signal" includes electromagnetic waves of a given frequency that transmit information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single "RF signal" or multiple "RF signals" to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple "RF signals" corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a "multipath" RF signal.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication system 100 . The wireless communication system 100 , which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN), may include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104 . Base stations 102 may include macrocell base stations (high power cellular base stations) and/or small cell base stations (low power cellular base stations). In one aspect, the macro cell base station may include an eNB and/or an ng-eNB in which the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an LTE network, or a gNB in which the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network, or a combination of both Combinations, and small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, minicells, and the like.

The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (eg, Evolution Packet Core (EPC) or 5G Core (5GC)) via the backhaul link 122 and to one or more via the core network 170 Location server 172 (which may be part of core network 170 or may be external to core network 170). Among other functions, base station 102 may perform functions related to transmission of user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (eg, handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, Connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS), user and device tracking, RAN Information Management (RIM), paging One or more related functions in the delivery of , location and warning messages. Base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (eg, via EPC/5GC) via backhaul links 134, which may be wired or wireless.

Base station 102 can communicate wirelessly with UE 104 . Each base station 102 may provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110 . In one aspect, base stations 102 in each geographic coverage area 110 may support one or more cells. A "cell" is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (eg, via some frequency resource called carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.), and can be associated with an identifier (eg, a physical cell identifier (PCI) ), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCI), Cell Global Identifier (CGI)) to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, it may be based on different protocol types (eg, Machine Type Communication (MTC), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), or others) that may provide access to different types of UEs. Configure different cells. Because a cell is supported by a particular base station, the term "cell" can refer to one or both of the logical communication entity and the base station supporting it, depending on the context. In some cases, the term "cell" may also refer to the geographic coverage area (eg, sector) of a base station, so long as the carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within some portion of the geographic coverage area 110 .

Although the geographic coverage areas 110 of adjacent macrocell base stations 102 may partially overlap (eg, in handover areas), some geographic coverage areas 110 may be substantially covered by larger geographic coverage areas 110 . For example, a small cell (SC) base station 102' may have a geographic coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps the geographic coverage area 110 of one or more macrocell base stations 102. A network comprising small cells and macrocell base stations can be referred to as a heterogeneous network. Heterogeneous networks may also include Home eNBs (HeNBs), which may provide services to restricted groups known as Closed Subscriber Groups (CSGs).

The communication link 120 between the base station 102 and the UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmissions from the UE 104 to the base station 102 and/or downlink from the base station 102 to the UE 104 (also known as the forward link) transmission. Communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity. Communication link 120 may be via one or more carrier frequencies. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to the downlink and uplink (eg, the downlink may be allocated more or fewer carriers than the uplink).

The wireless communication system 100 may also include a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150 that communicates with a WLAN station (STA) 152 in an unlicensed spectrum (eg, 5 GHz) via a communication link 154 . When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and/or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen before talk (LBT) procedure prior to communication to determine whether a channel is available.

Small cell base stations 102' may operate in licensed and/or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell base station 102' may employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum used by WLAN AP 150. The use of LTE/5G small cell base stations 102' in unlicensed spectrum may improve the coverage and/or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U. LTE in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), or MulteFire.

Wireless communication system 100 may also include millimeter wave (mmW) base stations 180 , which may operate at mmW frequencies and/or near mmW frequencies, that communicate with UEs 182 . Extremely high frequencies (EHF) are part of RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. The range of EHF is between 30 GHz and 300 GHz, and the wavelength is between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this frequency band may be referred to as millimeter waves. Near-mmW can scale down to frequencies of 3 GHz with wavelengths of 100 mm. The ultra-high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also known as centimeter waves. Communications using mmW/near mmW radio frequency bands have high path loss and relatively short distances. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and/or receive) via the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for extremely high path losses and short distances. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near mmW and beamforming. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing descriptions are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

Transmit beamforming is a technique to focus RF signals in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (eg, a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectional). Using transmit beamforming, a network node determines the location (relative to the transmitting network node) of a given target device (eg, UE) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that particular direction, thereby providing (multiple) ) the receiving device provides a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal. In order to change the directivity of the RF signal while transmitting, the network node may control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters that broadcast the RF signal. For example, network nodes can use antenna arrays (called "phased arrays" or "antenna arrays") that generate beams of RF waves that can be "steered" in different directions without actually moving the antenna. Specifically, the RF current from the transmitter is fed to the separate antennas in the correct phase relationship such that the radio waves from the separate antennas add together to increase radiation in the desired direction, while cancelling to suppress radiation in the undesired direction .

The transmit beams may be quasi-collocated, which means that they appear to the receiver (eg, UE) to have the same parameters, whether or not the transmit antennas of the network node themselves are physically collocated. In NR, there are four types of Quasi Collocated (QCL) relationships. In particular, a given type of QCL relationship means that certain parameters about the target reference RF signal on the target beam can be derived from information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. If the source reference RF signal is a QCL Type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of the target reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is of type QCL B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of the target reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the target reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is of type QCL D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial reception parameters of the target reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a receive beam to amplify RF signals detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver may increase the gain setting and/or adjust the phase setting of the antenna array in a particular direction to amplify (eg, increase its gain level) the RF signal received from that direction. So when the receiver is said to be beamforming in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain in other directions, or the beam gain in that direction is comparable to all other receptions available to the receiver The beam gain in this direction is the highest in comparison. This results in a stronger received signal strength (eg, reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference-to-noise ratio (SINR), etc.) for the RF signal received from that direction.

The receive beams may be spatially correlated. The spatial relationship means that the parameters of the transmit beam of the second reference signal can be derived from information about the receive beam of the first reference signal. For example, the UE may receive one or more reference downlink reference signals (eg, Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), cell-specific Reference Signal (CRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), etc.). The UE may then form parameters based on the receive beam for transmitting one or more uplink reference signals (eg, uplink positioning reference signal (UL-PRS), sounding reference signal (SRS), demodulation to the base station Transmit beams for reference signals (DMRS, PTRS, etc.).

Note that a "downlink" beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity that forms it. For example, if the base station is forming a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to the UE, the downlink beam is the transmit beam. However, if the UE is forming a downlink beam, it is the receive beam that receives the downlink reference signal. Similarly, an "uplink" beam can be a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity that forms it. For example, if the base station is forming an uplink beam, it is an uplink receive beam, and if the UE is forming an uplink beam, it is an uplink transmit beam.

In 5G, the spectrum in which wireless nodes (eg, base stations 102/180, UE 104/182) operate is divided into frequency ranges: FR1 (from 450 to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 to 52600 MHz) , FR3 (above 52600 MHz) and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). In a multi-carrier system, such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is called the "primary carrier" or "anchor carrier" or "primary serving cell" or "PCell", while the remaining carrier frequencies are called "secondary carriers" or "Secondary Service Cell" or "SCell". In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is on the primary frequency (eg, FR1) used by the UE 104/182 and the cell in which the UE 104/182 performs the initial Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates the RRC connection re-establishment procedure operating carrier. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier in a licensed frequency (but not always). The secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (eg, FR2) that can be configured once an RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier, and can be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier may be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may only contain necessary signaling information and signals, eg, their UE-specific information and signals may not be present in the secondary carrier since both the primary uplink and downlink carriers are usually UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104/182 in the cell can have different downlink primary carriers. The same is true for the uplink primary carrier. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE 104/182 at any time. For example, this is to balance the load on different carriers. Since "serving cell" (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to the carrier frequency/component carrier over which some base station is communicating, the terms "cell", "serving cell", "component carrier", "carrier frequency" etc. Used interchangeably.

For example, still referring to FIG. 1, one of the frequencies utilized by macrocell base station 102 may be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and the other frequencies utilized by macrocell base station 102 and/or mmW base station 180 may be secondary Carrier (“SCell”). The simultaneous transmission and/or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104/182 to significantly increase its data transmission and/or reception rate. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in twice the data rate (ie, 40 MHz) compared to a single 20 MHz carrier.

Wireless communication system 100 may also include UE 164 , which may communicate with macrocell base station 102 via communication link 120 and/or communicate with mmW base station 180 via mmW communication link 184 . For example, macrocell base station 102 may support PCell and one or more SCells for UE 164 and mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for UE 164 .

In the example of FIG. 1 , one or more Earth-orbiting Satellite Positioning System (SPS) space vehicles (SVs) 112 (eg, satellites) may be used as any of the illustrated UEs (shown in FIG. 1 for simplicity out as an independent source of location information for a single UE 104). The UE 104 may include one or more dedicated SPS receivers specifically designed to receive the SPS signal 124 for use in deriving geographic location information from the SV 112 . SPS typically includes a transmitter system (eg, SV 112 ) positioned to enable a receiver (eg, UE 104 ) to determine that it is above the earth based at least in part on signals received from the transmitter (eg, SPS signal 124 ) or a location above the Earth. Such transmitters typically transmit a signal with a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) code marked with a set number of wafers. Although the transmitter is typically located in the SV 112, it may sometimes be located on a ground-based control station, the base station 102, and/or other UEs 104.

The use of SPS signals 124 may be augmented by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS), which may be associated with or otherwise used with one or more global and/or regional navigation satellite systems. For example, SBAS may include augmentation system(s) that provide integrity information, differential corrections, etc., such as Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), European Geosynchronous Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), Multifunctional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), Global Positioning System (GPS) Assisted Geo-Augmented Navigation or GPS and Geo-Augmented Navigation System (GAGAN) etc. Thus, as used herein, an SPS may include any combination of one or more global and/or regional navigation satellite systems and/or augmentation systems, and the SPS signal 124 may include an SPS, a similar SPS, and/or a combination of the one or more other signals associated with each SPS.

Wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, that are indirectly connected to a or multiple communication networks. In the example of FIG. 1 , UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 in which one of UE 104 is connected to one of base stations 102 (eg, via which UE 190 may indirectly obtain cellular connectivity), and D2D P2P link 194 , where the WLAN STA 152 is connected to the WLAN AP 150 (via this link the UE 190 may indirectly obtain a WLAN-based Internet connection). In one example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 may be supported by any well-known D2D RAT, such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), Bluetooth®, and the like.

FIG. 2A shows an example wireless network structure 200. FIG. For example, 5GC 210 (also known as Next Generation Core (NGC)) can be functionally viewed as control plane functions 214 (eg, UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane functions 212 (eg, UE gateway functions, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.), which cooperate to form the core network. User plane interface (NG-U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect gNB 222 to 5GC 210 , and in particular to control plane function 214 and user plane function 212 . In another configuration, the ng-eNB 224 may also connect to the 5GC 210 via the NG-C 215 to the control plane function 214 and the NG-U 213 to the user plane function 212. Additionally, the ng-eNB 224 may communicate directly with the gNB 222 via the backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, the new RAN 220 may have only one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include one or more of the ng-eNB 224 and the gNBs 222. The gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 may communicate with the UE 204 (eg, any UE depicted in FIG. 1). Another optional aspect may include a location server 230, which may communicate with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. The location server 230 may be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (eg, physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed over multiple physical servers, etc.), Or alternatively each may correspond to a single server. Location server 230 may be configured to support one or more location services for UE 204, which may connect to location server 230 via the core network, 5GC 210, and/or via the Internet (not shown). Additionally, the location server 230 may be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively may be external to the core network.

FIG. 2B shows another example wireless network structure 250 . For example, 5GC 260 may functionally be viewed as a control plane function provided by an access and mobility management function (AMF) 264, and a user plane function provided by a user plane function (UPF) 262, which cooperate to operate to Form the core network (ie, 5GC 260). User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect ng-eNB 224 to 5GC 260, and specifically to UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively. In another configuration, gNB 222 may also connect to 5GC 260 via control plane interface 265 to AMF 264 and user plane interface 263 to UPF 262. Furthermore, the ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with the gNB 222 via the backhaul connection 223, whether or not the gNB is directly connected to the 5GC 260. In some configurations, the new RAN 220 may have only one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include one or more of the ng-eNB 224 and the gNBs 222. The gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 may communicate with the UE 204 (eg, any UE depicted in FIG. 1). The base stations of the new RAN 220 communicate with the AMF 264 via the N2 interface and with the UPF 262 via the N3 interface.

The functions of AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, communication session management (SM) message transmission between UE 204 and communication session management function (SMF) 266, for routing SM Transparent proxy service of messages, access authentication and access authorization, short message service (SMS) message transfer between UE 204 and a short message service function (SMSF) (not shown), and security anchor function (SEAF). The AMF 264 also interacts with the Authentication Server Function (AUSF) (not shown) and the UE 204 and receives the intermediate keys established as a result of the UE 204 authentication process. In the case of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) User Identity Module (USIM) based authentication, the AMF 264 retrieves secure material from the AUSF. Functions of AMF 264 also include Security Context Management (SCM). The SCM receives the key from SEAF and uses it to derive access network specific keys. The functions of the AMF 264 also include location service management for supervisory services, transmission of location service messages between the UE 204 and a location management function (LMF) 270 (which acts as a location server 230 ), and between the new RAN 220 and the LMF Transmission of location service messages between 270, EPS bearer identifier assignment for interworking with the Evolutionary Packet System (EPS), and UE 204 mobility event notification. In addition, AMF 264 also supports non-3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) access network functions.

The functions of the UPF 262 include serving as an anchor for intra-RAT/inter-RAT mobility (where applicable), serving as an external protocol data unit (PDU) communication point interconnected with a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and Forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g. gating, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, user plane Quality of Service (QoS) ) processing (e.g. uplink/downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in downlink), uplink traffic verification (Service Data Flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping), uplink and Transport-level packet markers in the downlink, downlink packet buffering, and downlink data notification triggers, as well as sending and forwarding one or more "end markers" to the source RAN node. UPF 262 may also support the transmission of location service messages between UE 204 and a location server, such as Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) Location Platform (SLP) 272, via the user plane.

The functions of SMF 266 include communication session management, UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering at UPF 262 to route traffic to the correct destination , control part of policy enforcement and QoS, and notification of downlink data. The interface through which the SMF 266 communicates with the AMF 264 is called the N11 interface.

Another optional aspect may include the LMF 270, which may communicate with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. LMF 270 may be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (eg, physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed over multiple physical servers, etc.), or may Alternatively each may correspond to a single server. LMF 270 may be configured to support one or more location services for UE 204, which may connect to LMF 270 via the core network, 5GC 260, and/or via the Internet (not shown). SLP 272 may support similar functionality to LMF 270, but LMF 270 may communicate with AMF 264, new RAN 220, and UE 204 via the control plane (eg, using interfaces and protocols intended to convey signaling rather than voice or data), SLP 272 may communicate with UE 204 and external clients (not shown in FIG. 2B ) via the user plane (eg, using protocols intended to carry voice and/or data, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and/or IP).

3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate UE 302 (which may correspond to any UE described herein), base station 304 (which may correspond to any base station described herein), and network entity 306 that may be incorporated (which may correspond to or embody any of the network functions described herein, including location server 230 and LMF 270) several example components (represented by corresponding blocks) for supporting file transfer operations as taught herein . It should be understood that these components may be implemented in different types of devices in different embodiments (eg, in an ASIC, in a system on a chip (SoC), etc.). The components shown may also be incorporated into other devices in the communication system. For example, other devices in the system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality. Furthermore, a given apparatus may contain one or more components. For example, an apparatus may include multiple transceiver components that enable the apparatus to operate on multiple carriers and/or communicate via different technologies.

UE 302 and base station 304 each include wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, providing means for communicating via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown) (eg, means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for suppressing transmission, etc.), wireless communication networks such as NR networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, etc. WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for use via at least one designated RAT (eg, NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) via a wireless communication medium of interest (eg, in a particular frequency spectrum) a certain set of time/frequency resources) to communicate with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations (eg, eNB, gNB), etc. WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be configured differently to transmit and encode signals 318 and 358 (eg, messages, indications, information, etc.), respectively, according to a designated RAT, and, in turn, receive and decode signals 318 and 358, respectively (eg, , messages, instructions, information, pilot frequencies, etc.). Specifically, WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 include one or more transmitters 314 and 354, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals, respectively Signals 318 and 358.

In at least some cases, UE 302 and base station 304 also include one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. Short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide for use via at least one designated RAT (eg, WiFi, LTE-D, Bluetooth®, Zigbee®, Z-Wave®, PC5, Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), Wireless Access in Vehicle Environment (WAVE), Near Field Communication (NFC), etc.) components that communicate with other network nodes (e.g., components for sending , means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for suppressing transmission, etc.), other network nodes such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc. Short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be configured differently for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368 (eg, messages, indications, information, etc.), respectively, according to a designated RAT, and, in turn, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368, respectively. 368 (eg, messages, instructions, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 include one or more transmitters 324 and 364, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362, respectively, for receiving and Signals 328 and 368 are decoded. As specific examples, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be WiFi transceivers, Bluetooth® transceivers, Zigbee® and/or Z-Wave® transceivers, NFC transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and/or vehicle For all things (V2X) transceivers.

A transceiver circuit that includes at least one transmitter and at least one receiver may include an integrated device (eg, a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit implemented as a single communication device) in some embodiments, and may include separate devices in some embodiments. The transmitter device and the separate receiver device, or in other embodiments may be implemented in other ways. In one aspect, the transmitter may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (eg, antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as antenna arrays, that allow the respective apparatus to perform transmission "beamforming" as described herein . Similarly, the receiver may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (eg, antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as antenna arrays, that allow the respective apparatus to perform receive beamforming, as described herein. In one aspect, the transmitter and receiver may share the same plurality of antennas (eg, antennas 316, 326, 356, 366) such that the respective devices can only receive or transmit at a given time, but not simultaneously. send. The wireless communication equipment of UE 302 and/or base station 304 (eg, one or both of transceivers 310 and 320 and/or 350 and 360 ) may also include a network listening module (NLM) for performing various measurements. )Wait.

At least in some cases, UE 302 and base station 304 also include satellite positioning system (SPS) receivers 330 and 370 . SPS receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, and may provide means for receiving and/or measuring SPS signals 338 and 378, respectively, such as global positioning system (GPS) signals, global navigation Satellite system (GLONASS) signal, Galileo signal, Beidou signal, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may include any suitable hardware and/or software for receiving and processing SPS signals 338 and 378, respectively. SPS receivers 330 and 370 request appropriate information and operations from other systems and use the measurements obtained by any suitable SPS algorithm to perform the calculations necessary to determine the location of UE 302 and base station 304.

Base station 304 and network entity 306 each include at least one network interface 380 and 390, respectively, providing means for communicating with other network entities (eg, means for transmitting, means for receiving, etc.). For example, network interfaces 380 and 390 (eg, one or more network access ports) may be configured to communicate with one or more network entities via wired or wireless based backhaul connections. In some aspects, network interfaces 380 and 390 may be implemented as transceivers configured to support wired or wireless signal-based communication. The communication may include, for example, sending and receiving messages, parameters, and/or other types of information.

UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 also include other components that may be used in conjunction with the operations disclosed herein. The UE 302 includes processor circuitry implementing a processing system 332 for providing functions related to, for example, wireless positioning, and for providing other processing functions. Base station 304 includes a processing system 384 for providing functions related to wireless positioning, such as disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functions. The network entity 306 includes a processing system 394 for providing functions related to wireless positioning, such as disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functions. Processing systems 332, 384, and 394 may thus provide means for processing, such as means for deciding, means for computing, means for receiving, means for sending, means for indicating, and the like. In one aspect, processing systems 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more processors, such as one or more general-purpose processors, multi-core processors, ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices or processing circuits, or various combinations thereof.

UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 include memory circuits implementing memory components 340, 386, and 396, respectively (eg, each including a memory device) for maintaining information (eg, indicating reserved resources, thresholds , parameters, etc.). Memory components 340, 386, and 396 may thus provide means for storage, means for retrieval, means for maintenance, and the like. In some cases, UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 may include PRS components 342, 388, and 398, respectively. PRS components 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuits that are part of or coupled to processing systems 332, 384, and 394, respectively, that, when executed, enable UE 302, base station 304, and network The road entity 306 performs the functions described herein. In other aspects, PRS components 342, 388, and 398 may be external to processing systems 332, 384, and 394 (eg, part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, PRS components 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in memory components 340, 386, and 396, respectively, when processed by processing systems 332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), when executed, causes UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functions described herein. Figure 3A shows a possible location for PRS component 342, which may be part of WWAN transceiver 310, memory component 340, processing system 332, or any combination thereof, or may be a separate component. Figure 3B shows a possible location for PRS component 388, which may be part of WWAN transceiver 350, memory component 386, processing system 384, or any combination thereof, or may be a separate component. Figure 3C shows possible locations for PRS component 398, which may be part of network interface(s) 390, memory component 396, processing system 394, or any combination thereof, or may be a separate component.

The UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to the processing system 332 to provide for sensing or detection independent from the WWAN transceiver 310 , the short-range wireless transceiver 320 and/or the SPS receiver 330 . A component of motion and/or orientation information derived from motion data in a received signal. For example, sensor(s) 344 may include accelerometers (eg, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices), gyroscopes, geomagnetic sensors (eg, compass), altimeters (eg, barometric altimeter), and/or or any other type of motion detection sensor. Furthermore, sensor(s) 344 may comprise a plurality of different types of devices and combine their outputs to provide motion information. For example, sensor(s) 344 may use a combination of multi-axis accelerometers and orientation sensors to provide the ability to calculate position in a 2D and/or 3D coordinate system.

Additionally, the UE 302 includes a user interface 346 that provides for providing indications (eg, audible and/or visual indications) to the user and/or for receiving user input (eg, upon user actuation such as a keyboard, touch control screen, microphone and other sensing devices) components. Although not shown, the base station 304 and the network entity 306 may also include a user interface.

Referring to processing system 384 in more detail, in the downlink, IP packets from network entity 306 may be provided to processing system 384 . Processing system 384 may implement the functions of the RRC layer, the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. The processing system 384 may provide broadcasting of system information (eg, Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), RRC connection control (eg, RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection) release), inter-RAT mobility, and RRC layer functions associated with measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; related to header compression/decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification) and exchange PDCP layer functions associated with forwarding support functions; transmission of upper layer PDUs, error correction via automatic repeat request (ARQ), concatenation of RLC service data units (SDUs), segmentation and reassembly, re-partitioning of RLC data PDUs RLC layer functions associated with reordering of segments and RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functions associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, prioritization, and logical channel prioritization.

Transmitter 354 and receiver 352 may implement layer 1 (L1) functions associated with various signal processing functions, including physical (PHY) layers. Layer 1 may include error detection on the transport channel, forwarding of the transport channel Error Correction (FEC) encoding/decoding, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to physical channels, modulation/demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The transmitter 354 is based on various modulation schemes (eg, Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), M-Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK), M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) -QAM)) handles the mapping to signal clusters. The encoded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (eg, a pilot) in the time and/or frequency domain, and then using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) are combined to produce a physical channel that carries a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. The channel estimates from the channel estimator can be used to decide coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from reference signals sent by UE 302 and/or channel condition feedback. Subsequently, each spatial stream may be provided to one or more different antennas 356 . Transmitter 354 may modulate the RF carrier with the corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

At UE 302 , receiver 312 receives signals via its respective antenna(s) 316 . The receiver 312 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the processing system 332 . Transmitter 314 and receiver 312 implement layer 1 functions associated with various signal processing functions. Receiver 312 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 302, they may be combined by receiver 312 into a single stream of OFDM symbols. The receiver 312 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate stream of OFDM symbols for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. By determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by base station 304, the symbols and reference signals on each subcarrier are recovered and demodulated. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by a channel estimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and de-interleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by base station 304 on the physical channel. Data and control signals are then provided to processing system 332, which implements layer 3 (L3) and layer 2 (L2) functions.

In the uplink, processing system 332 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from the core network. Processing system 332 is also responsible for error detection.

Similar to the functions described in connection with the downlink transmission of base station 304, processing system 332 provides RRC layer functions associated with system information (eg, MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection and measurement reporting; and header compression/decompression PDCP layer functions associated with compression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); transmission of upper layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, fragmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, RLC data PDUs RLC layer functions associated with re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs into transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing MAC SDUs from TBs , scheduling information reporting, error correction via Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), prioritization and logical channel prioritization associated MAC layer functions.

Transmitter 314 may use channel estimates derived by a channel estimator from reference signals or feedback sent by base station 304 to select appropriate coding and modulation schemes and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by transmitter 314 may be provided to different antenna(s) 316 . Transmitter 314 may modulate the RF carrier with the corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

Uplink transmissions are processed at base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at UE 302 . The receiver 352 receives the signal via its corresponding antenna(s) 356 . The receiver 352 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the processing system 384 .

In the uplink, processing system 384 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing between transport channels and logical channels to recover IP packets from UE 302. IP packets from processing system 384 may be provided to the core network. Processing system 384 is also responsible for error detection.

For convenience, UE 302, base station 304, and/or network entity 306 are illustrated in Figures 3A-3C as including various components that may be configured according to various examples described herein. It should be understood, however, that the blocks shown may have different functions in different designs.

Various components of UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 may communicate with each other via data buses 334, 382, and 392, respectively. The components of FIGS. 3A-3C may be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, the components of FIGS. 3A-3C may be implemented in one or more circuits, such as, for example, one or more processors and/or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processing device). Here, each circuit may use and/or incorporate at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide that function. For example, some or all of the functions represented by blocks 310-346 may be implemented by the processor and memory component(s) of the UE 302 (eg, by execution of appropriate code and/or by appropriate configuration of the processor components) ). Similarly, some or all of the functions represented by blocks 350-388 may be implemented by the processor and memory component(s) of base station 304 (eg, by executing appropriate code and/or by properly configured). Furthermore, some or all of the functions represented by blocks 390-398 may be implemented by the processor and memory component(s) of network entity 306 (eg, by executing appropriate code and/or by properly configured). For simplicity, various operations, actions, and/or functions are described herein as being performed "by a UE," "by a base station," "by a network entity," and the like. It will be appreciated, however, that such operations, actions and/or functions may actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of UE 302, base station 304, network entity 306, etc., such as processing systems 332, 384, 394, transceiving 310, 320, 350, and 360, memory components 340, 386, and 396, PRS components 342, 388, and 398, and the like.

Various frame structures may be used to support downlink and uplink transmissions between network nodes (eg, base stations and UEs).

4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a downlink frame structure according to aspects of the present disclosure. 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of a channel within a downlink frame structure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating an example of an uplink frame structure according to aspects of the present disclosure. 4D is a diagram 470 illustrating an example of a channel within an uplink frame structure according to aspects of the present disclosure. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and/or different channels.

LTE (and in some cases NR) utilizes OFDM on the downlink and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. However, unlike LTE, NR also has the option to use OFDM on the uplink. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal sub-carriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones or bins. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. Typically, modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain using OFDM and in the time domain using SC-FDM. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed, and the total number (K) of subcarriers may depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the spacing of subcarriers may be 15 kilohertz (kHz), and the minimum resource configuration (resource block) may be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz). Thus, for a system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 megahertz (MHz), the nominal FFT size may be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048, respectively. The system bandwidth can also be divided into sub-bands. For example, one subband may cover 1.08 MHz (ie, 6 resource blocks), and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 for system bandwidths of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz, respectively subband.

LTE supports a single parameter set (subcarrier spacing (SCS), symbol length, etc.). In contrast, NR can support multiple parameter sets (µ), for example, 15 kHz (µ=0), 30 kHz (µ=1), 60 kHz (µ=2), 120 kHz (µ=3), and 240 kHz (µ=1) =4) or greater subcarrier spacing is possible. In each subcarrier interval, there are 14 symbols per slot. For a 15 kHz SCS (µ=0), there is one slot per subframe and 10 slots per frame, the slot duration is 1 millisecond (ms), and the symbol duration is 66.7 microseconds (µs), And the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) for a 4K FFT size is 50. For 30 kHz SCS (µ=1), there are two slots per subframe, 20 slots per frame, slot duration 0.5 ms, symbol duration 33.3 µs, and the maximum 4K FFT size The nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) is 100. For 60 kHz SCS (µ=2), there are 4 slots per subframe, 40 slots per frame, slot duration 0.25 ms, symbol duration 16.7 µs, and the maximum scale of the 4K FFT size is Call the system bandwidth (in MHz) as 200. For 120 kHz SCS (µ=3), there are 8 slots per subframe, 80 slots per frame, slot duration 0.125 ms, symbol duration 8.33 µs, and the maximum scale of the 4K FFT size The system bandwidth (in MHz) is called 400. For 240 kHz SCS (µ=4), there are 16 slots per subframe, 160 slots per frame, slot duration 0.0625 ms, symbol duration 4.17 µs, and the maximum 4K FFT size The nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) is 800.

In the example of Figures 4A-4D, a parameter set of 15 kHz is used. Thus, in the time domain, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized subframes of 1 ms each, and each subframe includes a slot. In Figures 4A to 4D, time is represented horizontally (on the X-axis), with time increasing from left to right, while frequency is represented vertically (on the Y-axis), with frequency increasing (or decreasing) from bottom to top.

A resource grid may be used to represent time slots, each time slot including one or more time-parallel resource blocks (RBs) (also known as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. The resource grid is further divided into multiple resource elements (REs). A RE may correspond to one symbol length in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain. In the parameter sets of Figures 4A to 4D, for a normal cyclic prefix, an RB may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and 7 consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 84 REs. For the extended cyclic prefix, the RB may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and 6 consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 72 REs. The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

Some REs carry downlink reference (pilot) signals (DL-RS). DL-RS may include PRS, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, and the like. Figure 4A shows example locations of REs carrying PRS (labeled "R").

A collection of resource elements (REs) used to transmit PRS is called a "PRS resource". A cluster of resource elements may span multiple PRBs in the frequency domain and "N" (eg, 1 or more) consecutive symbols within a slot in the time domain. In a given OFDM symbol in the time domain, PRS resources occupy consecutive PRBs in the frequency domain.

The transmission of PRS resources within a given PRB has a specific comb size (also known as "comb density"). The comb size "N" represents the subcarrier spacing (or frequency/tone spacing) within each symbol of the PRS resource configuration. Specifically, for the comb size "N", the PRS is transmitted every Nth subcarrier of the PRB symbol. For example, for comb-4, for each symbol of the PRS resource configuration, REs corresponding to every fourth sub-carrier (such as sub-carriers 0, 4, 8) are used to transmit the PRS of the PRS resource. Currently, for DL-PRS, comb sizes of Comb-2, Comb-4, Comb-6, and Comb-12 are supported. Figure 4A shows an example PRS resource configuration for comb-6 spanning six symbols. That is, the positions of the shaded REs (marked as "R") represent the comb-6 PRS resource configuration.

Currently, DL-PRS resources may span 2, 4, 6 or 12 consecutive symbols within a slot with a full frequency domain interleaving pattern. DL-PRS resources may be configured in any higher layer configured downlink or flexible (FL) symbols of the time slot. There may be constant energy per resource element (EPRE) for all REs of a given DL-PRS resource. Below are the symbol-to-symbol frequency offsets for comb sizes of 2, 4, 6 and 12 over 2, 4, 6 and 12 symbols. 2-symbol-comb-2: {0, 1}; 4-symbol-comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1}; 6-symbol-comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1, 0 , 1}; 12-symbol comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1}; 4-symbol comb-4: {0, 2 , 1, 3}; 12-symbol comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3}; 6-symbol comb-6: {0 , 3, 1, 4, 2, 5}; 12-symbol comb-6: {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5, 0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5}; and 12-symbol Comb-12: {0, 6, 3, 9, 1, 7, 4, 10, 2, 8, 5, 11}.

A "PRS resource set" is a set of PRS resources used for transmitting PRS signals, wherein each PRS resource has a PRS resource ID. Furthermore, the PRS resources in the PRS resource set are associated with the same TRP. A PRS resource set is identified by a PRS resource set ID and is associated with a specific TRP (identified by a TRP ID). Furthermore, the PRS resources in the PRS resource set have the same period, common mute pattern configuration, and the same repetition factor (such as "PRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor") across time slots. The period is the time from the first repetition of the first PRS resource of the first PRS instance to the same first repetition of the same first PRS resource of the next PRS instance. The length of the period can be selected from 2^µ*{4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 32, 40, 64, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5120, 10240} time slots, where µ=0, 1, 2, 3. The length of the repetition factor may be selected from {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32} time slots.

A PRS resource ID in a PRS resource set is associated with a single beam (or beam ID) transmitted from a single TRP (where a TRP may transmit one or more beams). That is, each PRS resource in the PRS resource set may be transmitted on a different beam, and thus, a "PRS resource" or simply "resource" may also be referred to as a "beam". Note that this does not affect whether the UE is aware of the TRP and the beam on which the PRS is sent.

A "PRS instance" or "PRS occasion" is an example of a periodically repeating time window (such as a group of one or more consecutive time slots) in which PRS is expected to be sent. PRS occasions may also be referred to as "PRS positioning occasions", "PRS positioning instances", "location occasions", "location instances", "location repeats" or simply "opportunities", "instances" or "repetitions".

A "positioning frequency layer" (also referred to simply as a "frequency layer") is a cluster of one or more PRS resource sets across one or more TRPs, the resource sets having the same value for certain parameters. Specifically, the clusters of PRS resource sets have the same subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) type (meaning that all parameter sets supported by PDSCH also support PRS), the same point A, the same downlink PRS bandwidth value, the same starting PRB (and center frequency), and the same comb size. The point A parameter takes the value of the parameter "ARFCN-ValueNR" (where "ARFCN" stands for "Absolute RF Channel Number") and is an identifier/code specifying a pair of physical radio channels for transmission and reception. The downlink PRS bandwidth can have a granularity of four PRBs, a minimum of 24 PRBs, and a maximum of 272 PRBs. Currently, up to four frequency layers have been defined, and each frequency layer can be configured with up to two PRS resource sets per TRP.

The concept of frequency layer is somewhat similar to the concept of component carrier and bandwidth part (BWP), but the difference is that component carrier and BWP are used by a base station (or macrocell base station and small cell base station) to transmit data channels , while the frequency layer is used by several (usually three or more) base stations to transmit PRS. When the UE sends its positioning capabilities to the network, such as during an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) communication period, the UE may indicate the number of frequency layers it can support. For example, the UE may indicate whether it can support one or four positioning frequency layers.

4B shows an example of various channels within a downlink time slot of a wireless frame. In NR, the channel bandwidth or system bandwidth is divided into multiple BWPs. A BWP is a set of contiguous PRBs selected from a contiguous subset of common RBs for a given parameter set on a given bearer. Typically, a maximum of four BWPs can be specified in the downlink and uplink. That is, the UE may be configured with up to four BWPs on the downlink and up to four BWPs on the uplink. Only one BWP (uplink or downlink) is active at a given time, which means that the UE can only receive or transmit via one BWP at a time. On the downlink, the bandwidth of each BWP should be equal to or greater than that of the SSB, but it may or may not contain the SSB.

Referring to Figure 4B, the Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) is used by the UE to determine subframe/symbol timing and physical layer identification. The UE uses the Supplementary Synchronization Signal (SSS) to determine the physical layer cell identification group number and radio frame timing. Based on the entity layer identification and the entity layer cell identification group number, the UE may decide the PCI. Based on the PCI, the UE can decide the location of the aforementioned DL-RS. A physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying MIB can be logically grouped with PSS and SSS to form SSB (also known as SS/PBCH). The MIB provides the number of RBs and the System Frame Number (SFN) in the downlink system bandwidth. The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information (such as System Information Blocks (SIBs)) and paging messages that are not sent over the PBCH.

A Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries Downlink Control Information (DCI) within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs), each CCE comprising one or more RE Group (REG) bundles (which can be domain spanning multiple symbols), each REG bundle includes one or more REGs, each REG corresponding to 12 resource elements (one resource block) in the frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in the time domain. The entity resource set used to carry PDCCH/DCI is called Control Resource Set (CORESET) in NR. In NR, the PDCCH is confined within a single CORESET and sent with its own DMRS. This enables UE-specific beamforming for the PDCCH.

In the example of Figure 4B, there is one CORESET per BWP, and the CORESET spans three symbols in the time domain (although it may be only one or two symbols). Unlike the LTE control channel, which occupies the entire system bandwidth, in NR, the PDCCH channel is localized to a specific region (ie, CORESET) in the frequency domain. Therefore, the frequency components of the PDCCH shown in FIG. 4B are shown in the frequency domain to be smaller than a single BWP. Note that although the CORESET is shown to be contiguous in the frequency domain, it need not be contiguous. Furthermore, CORESET can span less than three symbols in the time domain.

The DCI within the PDCCH carries information about uplink resource allocations (persistent and non-persistent) and descriptions about downlink data sent to the UE, referred to as uplink and downlink allowances, respectively. More specifically, DCI indicates resources scheduled for downlink data channels (eg, PDSCH) and uplink data channels (eg, PUSCH). Multiple (eg, up to eight) DCIs may be configured in the PDCCH, and the DCIs may be in one of multiple formats. For example, there are different DCI formats for uplink scheduling, downlink scheduling, uplink transmit power control (TPC), etc. The PDCCH can be transmitted with 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 CCEs to accommodate different DCI payload sizes or coding rates.

4C shows examples of various reference signals (RSs) within a downlink time slot of a radio frame. As shown in Figure 4C, some REs (labeled "R") carry DMRS for channel estimation at the receiver (eg, base station, another UE, etc.). The UE may also transmit the SRS, eg, in the last symbol of the slot. The SRS may have a comb-like structure, and the UE may transmit the SRS on one of the combs. In the example of Figure 4C, the SRS shown is comb-2 on one symbol. The base station can use the SRS to obtain channel state information (CSI) for each UE. CSI describes how the RF signal propagates from the UE to the base station and represents the combined effects of scattering, fading and power attenuation over distance. The system uses SRS for resource scheduling, link self-adjustment, massive MIMO, beam management, and more.

Currently, SRS resources may span 1, 2, 4, 8, or 12 consecutive symbols within a slot with a comb size of comb-2, comb-4, or comb-8. The following are the currently supported symbol-to-symbol frequency offsets for the SRS comb pattern. 1-symbol-comb-2: {0}; 2-symbol-comb-2: {0, 1}; 4-symbol-comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1}; 4-symbol-comb- 4: {0, 2, 1, 3}; 8-symbol comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3}; 12-symbol comb-4: {0, 2 , 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3}; 4-symbol comb-8: {0, 4, 2, 6}; 8-symbol comb-8: {0 , 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7}; and 12-symbol comb-8: {0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7, 0, 4, 2, 6} .

The cluster of resource elements used to transmit SRS is called "SRS resource" and can be identified by the parameter "SRS-ResourceId". A cluster of resource elements may span multiple PRBs in the frequency domain and N (eg, one or more) consecutive symbols within a slot in the time domain. In a given OFDM symbol, SRS resources occupy consecutive PRBs. An "SRS resource set" is a set of SRS resources used to transmit an SRS signal, and is identified by an SRS resource set ID ("SRS-ResourceSetId").

Usually, the UE transmits SRS to enable the receiving base station (serving base station or neighboring base station) to measure the channel quality between the UE and the base station. However, the SRS can also be used as an uplink positioning reference signal for uplink positioning procedures, such as UL-TDOA, multi-RTT, DL-AoA, and so on.

Several enhancements to previous SRS definitions have been proposed for SRS for positioning (also known as "UL-PRS"), such as new interleaving patterns within SRS resources (except single symbol/comb-2), new Comb type, new sequence of SRS, higher number of SRS resource sets per component carrier, and higher number of SRS resources per component carrier. Furthermore, the parameters "SpatialRelationInfo" and "PathLossReference" will be configured based on downlink reference signals or SSBs from neighboring TRPs. Furthermore, one SRS resource may be sent outside the active BWP, and one SRS resource may span multiple component carriers. Furthermore, the SRS may be configured to be in the RRC connected state and sent only within the active BWP. Additionally, there may be no frequency hopping, no repetition factor, single antenna port, and new SRS lengths (eg, 8 and 12 symbols). There can also be open loop power control instead of closed loop power control, and comb-8 can be used (ie, SRS is sent every eighth subcarrier in the same symbol). Finally, the UE may transmit from multiple SRS resources for UL-AoA via the same transmit beam. All of these are additional features of the current SRS framework, which is configured via RRC higher layer signaling (and possibly triggered or enabled via a MAC Control Element (CE) or DCI).

4D illustrates an example of various channels within an uplink slot of a frame according to aspects of the present disclosure. A random access channel (RACH), also known as a physical random access channel (PRACH), can be configured in one or more time slots within a frame based on PRACH. PRACH may include six consecutive RB pairs within a slot. PRACH allows the UE to perform initial system access and achieve uplink synchronization. The Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) can be located at the edge of the uplink system bandwidth. PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) such as scheduling request, CSI report, channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), rank indicator (RI) and HARQ ACK/NACK feedback. The Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) carries data and may additionally be used to carry Buffer Status Reports (BSRs), Power Headroom Reports (PHRs) and/or UCIs.

Note that the terms "positioning reference signal" and "PRS" generally refer to specific reference signals used for positioning in NR and LTE systems. However, as used herein, the terms "positioning reference signal" and "PRS" may also refer to any type of reference signal that can be used for positioning, such as but not limited to PRS, TRS, PTRS, CRS as defined in LTE and NR , CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, SRS, UL-PRS, etc. Furthermore, the terms "positioning reference signal" and "PRS" may refer to downlink or uplink positioning reference signals, unless context dictates otherwise. If it is necessary to further distinguish the types of PRS, the downlink positioning reference signal may be referred to as "DL-PRS" and the uplink positioning reference signal (eg, SPS for positioning, PTRS) may be referred to as "UL-PRS" ". Additionally, for signals that may be transmitted in both uplink and downlink (eg, DMRS, PTRS), the signal may be preceded by "UL" or "DL" to differentiate directions. For example, "UL-DMRS" may be different from "DL-DMRS".

5 is a diagram 500 illustrating a base station (BS) 502 (which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein) in communication with a UE 504 (which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein). Referring to FIG. 5, base station 502 may transmit beamforming signals to UE 504 on one or more transmit beams 502a, 502b, 502c, 502d, 502e, 502f, 502g, each beamforming signal having a value that may be used by UE 504 to identify The beam identifier of the corresponding beam. Where base station 502 beamforming towards UE 504 using a single antenna array (eg, a single TRP/cell), base station 502 may perform beamforming by transmitting first beam 502a, then beam 502b, and finally beam 502g "Beam Scan". Alternatively, base station 502 may transmit beams 502a-502g in a pattern, such as beam 502a, then beam 502g, then beam 502b, then beam 502f, and so on. Where base station 502 beams toward UE 504 using multiple antenna arrays (eg, multiple TRPs/cells), each antenna array may perform beam scanning of a subset of beams 502a-502g. Alternatively, each of the beams 502a-502g may correspond to a single antenna or antenna array.

Figure 5 also shows paths 512c, 512d, 512e, 512f, and 512g, followed by beamforming signals sent on beams 502c, 502d, 502e, 502f, and 502g, respectively. Each path 512c, 512d, 512e, 512f, 512g may correspond to a single "multipath", or may consist of a plurality (a cluster) of "multipaths" due to the propagation characteristics of radio frequency (RF) signals through the environment. Note that although only the paths of beams 502c-502g are illustrated, this is for simplicity and the signals transmitted on each beam 502a-502g will also follow some paths. In the example shown, paths 512c, 512d, 512e, and 512f are straight lines, while path 512g reflects off obstacles 520 (eg, buildings, vehicles, terrain features, etc.).

UE 504 may receive beamforming signals from base station 502 on one or more receive beams 504a, 504b, 504c, 504d. Note that, for simplicity, the beams shown in Figure 5 represent either transmit beams or receive beams, depending on which of base station 502 and UE 504 is transmitting and which is receiving. Accordingly, UE 504 may also transmit beamforming signals to base station 502 on one or more of beams 504a-504d, and base station 502 may receive beamforming from UE 504 on one or more of beams 502a-502g Signal.

In one aspect, base station 502 and UE 504 may perform beam training to align base station 502 and UE 504 transmit and receive beams. For example, depending on environmental conditions and other factors, base station 502 and UE 504 may decide that the optimal transmit and receive beams are 502d and 504b, respectively, or 502e and 504c, respectively. The direction of the best transmit beam for base station 502 may or may not be the same as the direction of the best receive beam, and likewise, the direction of the best receive beam for UE 504 may be the same or different from the direction of the best transmit beam. Note, however, that alignment of the transmit and receive beams is not necessary to perform downlink angle of departure (DL-AoD) or uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning procedures.

To perform DL-AoD positioning procedures, base station 502 may transmit reference signals (eg, PRS, CRS, TRS, CSI-RS, PSS, SSS, etc.) to UE 504 on one or more of beams 502a-502g, each beams have different transmit angles. Different transmit angles of the beams will result in different received signal strengths at the UE 504 (eg, RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.). Specifically, for transmit beams 502a-502g that are further from the line-of-sight (LOS) path 510 between base station 502 and UE 504, the received signal strength will be lower than for transmit beams 502a-502g that are closer to the LOS path 510 .

In the example of FIG. 5, if base station 502 transmits reference signals to UE 504 on beams 502c, 502d, 502e, 502f, and 502g, transmit beam 502e is preferably aligned with LOS path 510, while transmit beams 502c, 502d, 502f and 502g are not aligned with LOS path 510. Therefore, beam 502e may have a higher received signal strength at UE 504 than beams 502c, 502d, 502f, and 502g. Note that reference signals sent on some beams (eg, beams 502c and/or 502f) may not reach UE 504, or the energy from such beams to reach UE 504 may be so low that the energy may not be detectable or at least can be ignored.

UE 504 may report to base station 502 the received signal strength of each measured transmit beam 502c-502g, and optionally, the associated measured quality, or alternatively the transmit beam with the highest received signal strength (Fig. Identification of beam 502e) in the example of 5. Alternatively or additionally, if the UE 504 also performs a round trip time (RTT) or time difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning communication period with at least one base station 502 or a plurality of base stations 502, respectively, then the UE 504 may report to the serving base station 502, respectively. or other positioning entity to report received transmit time difference (Rx-Tx) or reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurements (and optionally associated measurement qualities). In any case, a positioning entity (eg, base station 502, location server, 3rd party client, UE 504, etc.) may estimate the angle from base station 502 to UE 504 as the one with the highest received signal strength at UE 504 The AoD of the transmit beam, here transmit beam 502e.

In one aspect of DL-AoD based positioning, where there is only one base station 502 involved, the base station 502 and the UE 504 may perform a round trip time (RTT) procedure to determine the distance between the base station 502 and the UE 504. Therefore, the positioning entity can determine the direction to the UE 504 (using DL-AoD positioning) and the distance to the UE 504 (using RTT positioning) to estimate the position of the UE 504 . Note that the AoD of the transmit beam with the highest received signal strength is not necessarily located on the LOS path 510 as shown in FIG. 5 . However, for DL-AoD based localization purposes, this is assumed to be the case.

In another aspect of DL-AoD based positioning, where there are multiple involved base stations 502, each base station 502 may report the determined AoD from the base station 502 to the UE 504 to the positioning entity. The positioning entity receives multiple such AoDs for UE 504 from multiple involved base stations 502 (or other geographically separated transmission points). Using this information and knowledge of the geographic location of the base station 502, the positioning entity can estimate the location of the UE 504 as the intersection of the received AoDs. For a two-dimensional (2D) positioning solution, there should be at least two base stations 502 involved, but it will be appreciated that the more base stations 502 involved in the positioning procedure, the more accurate the estimated UE 504 position. For UE-assisted based positioning, the serving base station reports RSRP measurements to a positioning entity (eg, a location server). AoD is not determined or reported by every base station.

To perform UL-AoA positioning procedures, UE 504 transmits uplink reference signals (eg, UL-PRS, SRS, DMRS, etc.) to base station 502 on one or more of uplink transmit beams 504a-504d. Base station 502 receives uplink reference signals on one or more of uplink receive beams 502a-502g. The base station 502 determines the angle of the best receive beams 502a-502g for receiving one or more reference signals from the UE 504 as the AoA from the UE 504 to the base station 502. Specifically, each receive beam 502a-502g will result in a different received signal strength (eg, RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.) for one or more reference signals at base station 502. Furthermore, for receive beams 502a-502g that are further from the actual LOS path between base station 502 and UE 504, the channel impulse response of one or more reference signals will be more pronounced than for receive beams 502a-502g that are closer to the LOS path Small. Likewise, the received signal strength will be lower for receive beams 502a-502g that are further from the LOS path than for receive beams 502a-502g that are closer to the LOS path. Thus, the base station 502 identifies the receive beam 502a-502g that results in the highest received signal strength and optionally the strongest channel impulse response, and estimates the angle from itself to the UE 504 as the AoA for that receive beam 502a-502g. Note that, as with DL-AoD based positioning, the AoA of the receive beams 502a-502g that results in the highest received signal strength (and the strongest channel impulse response, if measured) does not necessarily lie on the LOS path 510. However, for UL AoA based positioning purposes, this can be assumed to be the case in FR2. For FR1, digital beam scanning can be used for AoA estimation. For example, the UE 504 may estimate the AoA as the AoA with the earliest path with power greater than a certain threshold.

Note that although UE 504 is shown as capable of beamforming, this is not necessary for DL-AoD and UL-AoA positioning procedures. Instead, UE 504 may receive and transmit on omni-directional antennas.

In the case where the UE 504 is estimating its location (ie, the UE is a positioning entity), it needs to obtain the geographic location of the base station 502 . The UE 504 may obtain the location from, for example, the base station 502 itself or a location server (eg, location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272). Know the distance to the base station 502 (based on RTT or timing advance), the angle between the base station 502 and the UE 504 (based on the UL-AoA of the best receive beams 502a-502g), and the known geographic location of the base station 502 , the UE 504 can estimate its location.

Alternatively, where a positioning entity (such as base station 502 or a location server) is estimating the position of UE 504, base station 502 reports the highest received signal strength (and optionally the strongest received signal strength) that resulted in the reference signal received from UE 504. AoA of receive beams 502a-502g for the channel pulse echo), or all received signal strengths and channel pulse echoes for all receive beams 502a-502g (this allows the positioning entity to determine the best receive beam 502a-502g). The base station 502 may additionally report the Rx-Tx time difference to the UE 504. The positioning entity may then estimate the location of the UE 504 based on the distance of the UE 504 to the base station 502 , the identified AoAs of the receive beams 502a - 502g , and the known geographic position of the base station 502 .

6 illustrates a conventional method 600 for performing DL-AoD measurements using RSRP measurements. In Figure 6, TRP 602 transmits a set of PRS signals, each at a different azimuth. The radiation pattern of each beam is graphically represented by numbered ovals, oval number 1 for PRS1, oval number 2 for PRS2, and so on. UE 604 with line-of-sight (LOS) path 606 to TRP 602 makes RSRP measurements for each PRS signal and reports the measurements to TRP 602, which can forward the measurements to a positioning entity, such as a location Management Functions (LMF) 608. From the UE 604 perspective, the perceived RSRP of each PRS will depend on the relative angle of the PRS beam to the angle of the LOS path 606, denoted 𝜙1 in FIG. 6 . This is graphically represented in Figure 6 as the intersection of the LOS path 606 and the beam radiation pattern, where the distance of the intersection from the TRP corresponds to the perceived power of the beam. In the example shown in Figure 6, the angle of the LOS path 606 is closest to the transmission angle of PRS3, and thus the RSRP of PRS3 measured by the UE 604 is relatively large compared to the RSRP of PRS2, which is greater than the RSRP of PRS4, The RSRP of PRS4 is greater than that of PRS1. UE 604 reports these RSRP measurements to TRP 602.

It can be seen in Figure 6 that the set of RSRP measurements, ie the measured RSRP of the PRS beams sent by the TRP 602 and measured by the UE, will vary depending on the azimuth angle of the UE. For example, for the UE at the azimuth angle 𝜙2 in FIG. 6 , the RSRP value of PRS4 is the highest, followed by the RSRP values of PRS3, PRS5, and PRS2. The expected RSRP value for each PRS as a function of azimuth can be modeled as a set of expected power curves, as shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7 is a graph of expected RSRP values as a function of azimuth, normalized to remove the effect of distance. In the example graph shown in Figure 7, graphs (a), (b), and (c) illustrate expected RSRP values for PRS2, PRS3, and PRS4, respectively, as a function of azimuth, and graph (d) is A combination of graphs (a) to (c). Therefore, at each azimuth, the values of PRS2, PRS3 and PRS4 have a known ratio. The same concept applies to PRS beams not shown in FIG. 6 . TRP 602 sends the PRS resources measured by UE 604. Subsequently, UE 604 reports up to 8 RSRPs to TRP 602, one for each PRS resource.

In UE-assisted positioning, the TRP 602 reports the measured RSRP value to the LMF 608, eg, via the LPP protocol. The LMF 608 estimates the AoD, ie, the LMF 608 can determine the azimuth of the UE 604 by comparing the RSRP measurements to the expected RSRP value for each PRS, and use the AoD to calculate the UE 604 position.

In UE-based positioning, the UE 604 estimates the AoD and calculates its own position using assistance data including the geographic location of the TRP 602 and other TRPs and PRS beam information (eg, beam azimuth and elevation).

此得出每個PRS波束的正規化的預期RSRP值的集合，亦即，在特定方位角上的PRS波束的相對RSRP值的集合，並且正如該等集合中的許多集合一樣，亦考慮了方位角。 In either case, the expected RSRP value needs to be modeled. In one aspect, it is performed by the following method. For each potential 𝜙𝑘∈[𝜙1, . Subsequently, a normalized vector 𝑃(𝑘,) is derived for each k∈[1,…M]:

This yields a set of normalized expected RSRP values for each PRS beam, that is, the set of relative RSRP values for the PRS beams at a particular azimuth, and, like many of these sets, also takes into account the azimuth horn.

，並找到

，藉由其得出接近

的

。 For UE-assisted AoD positioning, the LMF 608 expresses the received vector of the normalized RSRP as

, and find

, by which we get close to

of

.

For UE-based AoD positioning, the UE 604 needs to know the set of relative RSRP values for the PRS beams on each of the set of modeled azimuths. One difficulty is how to provide this information to the UE. One proposed approach is the "per-angle" approach, i.e., for each azimuth and elevation angle considered, the UE is provided with the expected radiated power of each PRS resource (i.e., for each k ∈ [1,...M], Send a normalized vector 𝑃(𝑘,)). Another proposed approach is the "per-PRS" approach, eg, for each PRS resource, transmit a list of azimuth or elevation angles and the expected radiated power at each angle. However, these methods have technical disadvantages. For example, assuming 8 PRS resources and needing to report every 0.5 degrees within 120 degrees of azimuth and vertex, 5 bits per value (1 dB subtlety), this requires 5*240* data per TRP 240*8=2.3MB. For UE-based AoD positioning, this management burden also increases exponentially for each TRP measured by the UE. While this administrative burden is acceptable for the TRP's reporting to the LMF, it is very heavy for the UE. Therefore, there is a need for a more efficient way to provide the normalized power vector to the UE.

To address this issue, this paper proposes several techniques for streamlining the management burden beam profile parameterization: the UE does not receive a description of the beam pattern for each positioning resource, but information describing the transmit antenna configuration (eg, panel configuration) , information describing the antenna element power pattern, and, for each positioning resource, the Precoding Matrix Information (PMI) index from each positioning resource's Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) codebook. By utilizing the information already maintained by the UE, the UE can receive an index value to a lookup table of descriptions of the feature, rather than the full characterization of the feature, which saves significant bandwidth. For example, the panel configuration can be coded with 4 bits, and the PMI index derived from the DFT codebook of N beams can be coded with log ₂ (N), eg, for eight beams, only 3 bits are required.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of an example process 800 associated with reducing administrative burden beam profile parameterization. In some aspects, one or more of the process blocks of FIG. 8 may be performed by a receiving entity, eg, BS 102 in FIG. 1 or UE 104 in FIG. 1 . In some aspects, one or more of the process blocks of FIG. 8 may be performed by another device or group of devices separate from or including the receiving entity. Additionally or alternatively, one or more process blocks of FIG. 8 may be performed by device 302 or one or more components of device 304, such as processing system 332 or processing system 384, memory 340 or memory 386, WWAN Transceiver 310 or WWAN Transceiver 350 , Transceiver 320 or Transceiver 360 , User Interface 346 or Network Interface 380 .

As shown in FIG. 8, process 800 can include receiving information representing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by a transmit/receive point (TRP) using a set of transmit beams, the information including at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration , and for each beam in the set of transmit beams, identifying information for at least one precoding matrix (block 810).

In some aspects, the information characterizing the set of positioning signals is received in a multicast or multicast message. In some aspects, the multicast or multicast message includes a positioning system information block (SIB). In some aspects, the information characterizing the set of positioning signals is received in a unicast message. In some aspects, the unicast messages include Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) assistance data messages. In some aspects, the information identifying the at least one precoding matrix includes a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) index.

In some aspects, each positioning signal in the set of positioning signals corresponds to a positioning reference signal (PRS) resource. In some aspects, the receiving entity decides the transmit beam pattern for each PRS resource. In some aspects, at least some of the information characterizing the set of positioning signals to be sent by the TRP also characterizes the positioning signals to be sent by at least one other TRP.

In some aspects, the antenna element radiation pattern includes an index to a predefined set of antenna patterns. In some aspects, the antenna element radiation pattern includes a set of parameters that characterize the antenna element radiation pattern according to closed-form parameterization. In some aspects, the antenna element radiation pattern includes a discretized plot of the magnitude of the antenna element radiation pattern versus angle of departure (AoD). In some aspects, the at least one antenna element array configuration specifies N antenna elements in the horizontal direction, M antenna elements in the vertical direction, P reference signal (RS) antenna ports, and NxM antenna elements in the horizontal direction. At least one of Ng instances of the array, and Mg instances of the array of NxM antenna elements in the vertical direction. In some aspects, each antenna element includes a cross-polarized antenna port.

In some aspects, the positioning signal sent by the TRP includes at least one of a positioning reference signal (PRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS). In some aspects, the positioning signal transmitted by the TRP includes at least one of a downlink (DL) positioning signal, an uplink (UL) positioning signal, or a sidelink (SL) positioning signal.

As further illustrated in FIG. 8, process 800 may include performing measurements of positioning signals transmitted by the TRP (block 820). For example, the receiving entity may perform one or more measurements of one or more of the positioning signals sent by the TRP.

As further shown in FIG. 8, process 800 can include calculating at least one positioning measure based on at least some of at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, information identifying at least one precoding matrix, and positioning measurements estimate (block 830). For example, as described above, the receiving entity may calculate at least one positioning measurement estimate based on at least some of at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, information identifying at least one precoding matrix, and positioning measurements. In some aspects, the at least one positioning measurement estimate includes an estimated location of the receiving entity.

As further shown in FIG. 8, process 800 may include sending positioning information to the TRP, the positioning information including at least one positioning measurement estimate (block 840). In some aspects, the positioning information includes reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements, time of arrival (ToA) measurements, quality of service (QoS) measurements, received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements, signal interference spikes At least one of Signal Ratio (SINR) or Angle of Departure (AoD).

In some aspects, the receiving entity includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS). In some aspects, the TRP includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

Although FIG. 8 illustrates example blocks of process 800, in some implementations process 800 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or a different arrangement of blocks than those depicted in FIG. 8 . Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of process 800 may be performed in parallel.

輻射功率樣式的水平切割（dB）

3D輻射功率樣式（dB）

上文的表1包括描述圖9中所示的天線元件輻射樣式的形狀的方程。該等方程具有特定的參數，諸如3 dB角度、最大幅度等，其可以被傳送給接收實體。因此，在一些態樣中，由接收實體接收的天線元件輻射樣式資訊可以包括參數集合，該參數集合根據表1所示的封閉形式參數化方程來表徵天線元件輻射樣式。 9 is a graph of an example antenna element radiation pattern illustrating amplitude (dB) as a function of angle of arrival (AoA) in degrees. Table 1 Vertical cut (dB) of radiated power pattern

Horizontal Cut of Radiated Power Pattern (dB)

3D Radiated Power Pattern (dB)

Table 1 above includes equations describing the shape of the antenna element radiation pattern shown in FIG. 9 . These equations have specific parameters, such as 3 dB angle, maximum amplitude, etc., which can be communicated to the receiving entity. Thus, in some aspects, the antenna element radiation pattern information received by the receiving entity may include a set of parameters that characterize the antenna element radiation pattern according to the closed-form parametric equations shown in Table 1.

In another aspect, the antenna element radiation pattern information received by the receiving entity includes an index to a predefined set of antenna patterns known to the receiving entity, eg, the receiving entity is preconfigured with the predefined set of antenna patterns, or The receiving entity receives the predefined set of antenna patterns via MAC-CE, RRC or other signaling.

In another aspect, the antenna element radiation pattern includes a discretized plot of the magnitude of the antenna element radiation pattern versus AoA. With a span of 120 degrees and a resolution of 0.5 degrees, and using 5-bit metadata for amplitude, the high-precision antenna element radiation pattern can be characterized using 240*240*5=288 kb. However, it is likely that all TRPs are the same or have a high level of reuse, so this administrative burden may not be required for every TRP. Furthermore, this information does not need to be sent for each PRS resource, since the receiving entity (UE, LMF, etc.) can derive the beam pattern based on the provided information.

Figure 10 shows the antenna element array configuration (eg, parameters of a cross-polarized panel array antenna model). Each antenna 1000 includes one or more panels 1002, each panel being an instance of an NxM array of antenna elements (eg, each panel including an NxM matrix of cross-polarized antennas 1004), where N is the horizontal dimension of the matrix, and M is the The vertical dimension of the matrix. ( _The parameters N1 and _N2 are sometimes used in place of N and M.) For antennas with multiple panels, the panels can be organized into arrays of horizontal dimension Ng and vertical dimension Mg. P is the number of CSI-RS antenna ports. Various possible values for N, M, P, Ng and Mg can be defined in a table known to the receiving entity; for a 16-entry table, the antenna element array configuration can be communicated to the receiving entity using only four bits.

Therefore, a discretized antenna element radiation pattern (288 kb), a 16-entry table (4 bits) for antenna element array configuration, and, for each positioning resource, a PMI index derived from the DFT codebook (3 per resource) are used. bits), for example, information for 8 PRS resources can be transmitted using 288,000+24+4 bits, or approximately 288 kbits per TRP—much less than the 2.3 Mbits per TRP required by conventional methods many. This number can be further reduced to hundreds of bits by sending parameters describing the radiation patterns of the antenna elements rather than the discretized patterns, and can be further reduced by sending the index of a table of such parameters instead of the parameters themselves , which would require tens of bits per TRP. Using this description of the reduced administrative burden, the receiving entity can reconstruct the predicted beamback of the positioning signal sent by the TRP. This reduction in the parameterization of beamback provides technical advantages for UEs and other battery powered devices that want to perform UE-assisted or UE-based positioning based on angle measurements.

11 is a flow diagram of an example process 1100 associated with reducing administrative burden beam profile parameterization. In some aspects, one or more of the process blocks of FIG. 11 may be performed by a TRP, eg, BS 102 as in FIG. 1 or UE 104 as in FIG. 1 . In some aspects, one or more of the process blocks of FIG. 11 may be performed by another device or group of devices separate from or including the receiving entity. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the process blocks of FIG. 11 may be performed by device 302 or one or more components of device 304, such as processing system 332 or processing system 384, memory 340 or memory 386, WWAN Transceiver 310 or WWAN Transceiver 350 , Transceiver 320 or Transceiver 360 , User Interface 346 or Network Interface 380 .

As shown in FIG. 11, process 1100 may include sending to a receiving entity information representing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by the TRP using a set of transmit beams, the information including at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and for For each beam in the set of transmit beams, identify information for at least one precoding matrix (block 1110).

In some aspects, the information characterizing the set of positioning signals is sent in a multicast or multicast message. In some aspects, the multicast or multicast message includes a positioning system information block (SIB). In some aspects, the information characterizing the set of positioning signals is sent in a unicast message. In some aspects, the unicast messages include Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) assistance data messages. In some aspects, the information identifying the at least one precoding matrix includes a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) index. In some aspects, each positioning signal in the set of positioning signals corresponds to a positioning reference signal (PRS) resource. In some aspects, the receiving entity decides the transmit beam pattern for each PRS resource. In some aspects, at least some of the information characterizing the set of positioning signals to be sent by the TRP also characterizes the positioning signals to be sent by at least one other TRP.

In some aspects, the antenna element radiation pattern includes an index to a predefined set of antenna patterns. In some aspects, the antenna element radiation pattern includes a set of parameters that characterize the antenna element radiation pattern according to closed-form parameterization. In some aspects, the antenna element radiation pattern includes a discretized plot of the magnitude of the antenna element radiation pattern versus angle of departure (AoD). In some aspects, the at least one antenna element array configuration specifies N antenna elements in the horizontal direction, M antenna elements in the vertical direction, P reference signal (RS) antenna ports, and NxM antenna elements in the horizontal direction. At least one of Ng instances of the array, and Mg instances of the array of NxM antenna elements in the vertical direction. In some aspects, each antenna element includes a cross-polarized antenna port.

As further shown in FIG. 11, process 1100 may include sending a set of positioning signals based on the information (block 1120). For example, as described above, the TRP may send a set of positioning signals based on this information. In some aspects, the positioning signal sent by the TRP includes at least one of a positioning reference signal (PRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS). In some aspects, the positioning signal transmitted by the TRP includes at least one of a downlink (DL) positioning signal, an uplink (UL) positioning signal, or a sidelink (SL) positioning signal.

As further shown in FIG. 11, process 1100 may include receiving positioning information from a receiving entity, the positioning information including at least one positioning measurement estimate (block 1130). In some aspects, the positioning information includes reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements, time of arrival (ToA) measurements, quality of service (QoS) measurements, received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements, signal interference spikes At least one of Signal Ratio (SINR) or Angle of Departure (AoD). In some aspects, the at least one positioning measurement estimate includes an estimated location of the receiving entity.

In some aspects, the receiving entity includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS). In some aspects, the TRP includes a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS).

Although FIG. 11 illustrates example blocks of process 1100, in some implementations, process 1100 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or a different arrangement of blocks than those depicted in FIG. 11 . Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks of process 1100 may be performed in parallel.

， 其中k=0,1,… QN-1是預編碼器索引，並且 Q是整數過取樣因數。藉由將兩個預編碼器向量的克羅內克積設為

，可以建立2D UPA的對應預編碼器向量。隨後，如下擴展雙極化UPA的預編碼器：

其中

是兩個正交極化之間的同相因數。極化之間的最佳同相

通常隨頻率而變化，而最佳波束方向

通常在整個CSI報告頻帶上是相同的。 In some aspects, the receiving entity may reuse the single-panel Type I codebook. For >= 4 antenna ports, the NR Type I single-panel codebook uses a similar structure to the LTE codebook. That is, it is a constant modulus DFT codebook customized for dual polarized two-dimensional (2D) uniform planar arrays (UPAs). Intuitively, the construction of the codebook can be explained in the following way. A DFT precoder where the precoder vector for precoding a single-layer transmission using a single-polarized one-dimensional (1D) uniform linear array (ULA) with N antennas can be defined as:

, where k=0,1,... QN -1 is the precoder index and Q is the integer oversampling factor. By setting the Kronecker product of the two precoder vectors as

, the corresponding precoder vector of the 2D UPA can be established. Subsequently, the precoder of the dual-polarization UPA is extended as follows:

in

is the in-phase factor between the two orthogonal polarizations. Best in-phase between polarizations

Usually varies with frequency, while optimal beam direction

Usually the same over the entire CSI reporting band.

相位向量：

， 其中 Q是過取樣因素。表示為第 p個子陣列的所估計的通道的第 n個時域分接點的Rx天線上的

向量。對於第 n個時域分接點，按以下方式計算接收能量： 對於第 p個子陣列，

選擇在所有子陣列中最大化的編碼字元

，

對於UE輔助的DL-AoD，報告索引

。對於基於UE的DL-AoD，按以下方式使用

的知識將索引

映射回角度

：

For the DL- AoD reception process, consider the following codebook: Assume that the

Phase vector:

, where Q is the oversampling factor. on the Rx antenna at the nth time-domain tap point of the estimated channel denoted as the pth subarray

vector. For the nth time-domain tap, the received energy is calculated as: For the pth subarray,

select the coded character that is maximized in all subarrays

,

For UE-assisted DL-AoD, report index

. For UE-based DL-AoD, use as follows

knowledge will be indexed

map back to angular

:

The techniques described above are generally described in terms of DL transmissions from a gNB or other base station to a UE, but the techniques can be similarly applied to other scenarios, including but not limited to use from a UE to another UE or other entity DL-AoD sent. Likewise, the above techniques are not limited to being applied to NR, but can also be applied to other types of radio transmissions using beamforming, such as WiFi, WiMAX, and the like.

In the above detailed description, it can be seen that different features are grouped together in the examples. This manner of disclosure should not be construed as an intent that the example clauses have more features than those expressly mentioned in each clause. Rather, various aspects of the present disclosure may include less than all features of a single disclosed example clause. Accordingly, the following clauses should be deemed to be incorporated into the specification, each of which may itself be a separate instance. Although each sub-clause may refer in a clause to a particular combination with one of the other clauses, the aspect(s) of that sub-clause is not limited to that particular combination. It should be understood that other example clauses may also include a combination of dependent clause aspect(s) with the subject matter of any other dependent or independent clause, or a combination of any feature with other dependent and independent clauses. Aspects disclosed herein expressly include such combinations unless expressly expressed or readily inferred that a particular combination is not intended (eg, contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as an insulator and a conductor). In addition, aspects of a term are intended to be included in any other stand-alone term, even if that term is not directly dependent on the stand-alone term.

The following numbered clauses describe examples of implementations:

Clause 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a receiving entity, the method comprising: receiving information characterizing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by a TRP using a set of transmit beams, the information comprising at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and for each beam in the set of transmit beams, identifying information for at least one precoding matrix; performing measurements of positioning signals transmitted by the TRP; based on at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration , identifying at least some of the information and measurements of the at least one precoding matrix to calculate at least one positioning measurement estimate; and sending positioning information to the TRP, the positioning information including the at least one positioning measurement estimate.

Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein the information characterizing the set of positioning signals is received in a multicast or multicast message.

Clause 3. The method of Clause 2, wherein the multicast or multicast information includes locating the SIB.

Clause 4. The method of any of clauses 1-3, wherein the information characterizing the set of positioning signals is received in a unicast message.

Clause 5. The method of Clause 4, wherein the unicast message comprises an LPP auxiliary data message.

Clause 6. The method of any of clauses 1-5, wherein the information identifying the at least one precoding matrix comprises a PMI index.

Clause 7. The method of any of clauses 1 to 6, wherein each positioning signal in the set of positioning signals corresponds to one PRS resource.

Clause 8. The method of clause 7, wherein the receiving entity decides a transmit beam pattern for each PRS resource.

Clause 9. The method of any of clauses 1 to 8, wherein at least some of the information characterizing the set of positioning signals to be transmitted by the TRP also characterizes the positioning signals to be transmitted by at least one other TRP.

Clause 10. The method of any of clauses 1 to 9, wherein the at least one positioning measurement estimate comprises an estimated location of the receiving entity.

Clause 11. The method of any of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern comprises an index to a predefined set of antenna patterns.

Clause 12. The method of any of clauses 1 to 11, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern comprises a set of parameters characterizing the antenna element radiation pattern according to a closed-form parameterization.

Clause 13. The method of any of clauses 1 to 12, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern comprises a discretized plot of the magnitude of the antenna element radiation pattern versus AoD.

Clause 14. The method of any of clauses 1 to 13, wherein the at least one antenna element array configuration specifies N antenna elements in a horizontal direction, M antenna elements in a vertical direction, P reference signals (RS) At least one of the antenna port, the Ng instances of the array of NxM antenna elements in the horizontal direction, and the Mg instances of the array of NxM antenna elements in the vertical direction.

Clause 15. The method of any of clauses 1-14, wherein each antenna element comprises a cross-polarized antenna port.

Clause 16. The method of any of clauses 1 to 15, wherein the positioning signal sent by the TRP comprises at least one of PRS, SRS, CSI-RS, or DMRS.

Clause 17. The method of any of clauses 1 to 16, wherein the positioning signal transmitted by the TRP comprises at least one of a DL positioning signal, a UL positioning signal, or a SL positioning signal.

Clause 18. The method of any of clauses 1 to 17, wherein the positioning information comprises at least one of RSRP measurements, ToA measurements, QoS measurements, RSSI measurements, SINR measurements, or AoD.

Clause 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving entity comprises a UE or a BS.

Clause 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the TRP comprises a UE or a BS.

Clause 21. A method of wireless communication performed by a TRP, the method comprising: sending to a receiving entity information representing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by the TRP using a set of transmit beams, the information comprising at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and, for each beam in the set of transmit beams, identifying information for at least one precoding matrix; transmitting a set of positioning signals based on the information; and receiving positioning information from a receiving entity, the positioning information including at least one Positioning measurement estimation.

Clause 22. The method of clause 21, wherein the information characterizing the set of positioning signals is sent in a multicast or multicast message.

Clause 23. The method of Clause 22, wherein the multicast or multicast information includes locating the SIB.

Clause 24. The method of any of clauses 21 to 23, wherein the information characterizing the set of positioning signals is sent in a unicast message.

Clause 25. The method of Clause 24, wherein the unicast message comprises an LPP auxiliary data message.

Clause 26. The method of any of clauses 21-25, wherein the information identifying the at least one precoding matrix comprises a PMI index.

Clause 27. The method of any of clauses 21 to 26, wherein each positioning signal in the set of positioning signals corresponds to one PRS resource.

Clause 28. The method of clause 27, wherein the receiving entity decides a transmit beam pattern for each PRS resource.

Clause 29. The method of any of clauses 21 to 28, wherein at least some of the information characterizing the set of positioning signals to be transmitted by the TRP also characterizes the positioning signals to be transmitted by at least one other TRP.

Clause 30. The method of any of clauses 21 to 29, wherein the at least one positioning measurement estimate comprises an estimated location of the receiving entity.

Clause 31. The method of any of clauses 21 to 30, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern comprises an index to a predefined set of antenna patterns.

Clause 32. The method of any of clauses 21 to 31, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern comprises a set of parameters characterizing the antenna element radiation pattern according to a closed-form parameterization.

Clause 33. The method of any of clauses 21 to 32, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern comprises a discretized plot of the magnitude of the antenna element radiation pattern versus AoD.

Clause 34. The method of any of clauses 21 to 33, wherein the at least one antenna element array configuration specifies N antenna elements in a horizontal direction, M antenna elements in a vertical direction, P RS antenna ports, horizontal At least one of Ng instances of an array of NxM antenna elements in the direction and Mg instances of an array of NxM antenna elements in the vertical direction.

Clause 35. The method of any of clauses 21 to 34, wherein each antenna element comprises a cross-polarized antenna port.

Clause 36. The method of any of clauses 21 to 35, wherein the positioning signal sent by the TRP comprises at least one of PRS, SRS, CSI-RS, or DMRS.

Clause 37. The method of any of clauses 21 to 36, wherein the positioning signal transmitted by the TRP comprises at least one of a DL positioning signal, a UL positioning signal, or a SL positioning signal.

Clause 38. The method of any of clauses 21 to 37, wherein the positioning information comprises at least one of RSRP measurements, ToA measurements, QoS measurements, RSSI measurements, SINR measurements, or AoD.

Clause 39. The method of claim 21, wherein the receiving entity comprises a UE or a BS.

Clause 40. The method of claim 21, wherein the TRP comprises a UE or a BS.

Clause 41. An apparatus comprising memory and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the at least one processor configured to perform the method of any of clauses 1-40.

Clause 42. An apparatus comprising means for performing the method of any of clauses 1-40.

Clause 43. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, the computer-executable instructions comprising at least one of the methods for causing a computer or processor to perform any one of clauses 1-40 instruction.

Those of skill in the art would understand that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and processes. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols and wafers referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

Furthermore, those of skill in the art will understand that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

The various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with aspects disclosed herein may be implemented in general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, FPGAs, or other programmable logic devices, individual gate or transistor logic, individual hardware components, or be implemented or performed by any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any known processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, eg, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, a combination of one or more microprocessors and a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

The methods, sequences and/or algorithms described in connection with the various aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in software modules executed by a processor, or in a combination of both. Software modules can reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electronically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , scratchpad, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An example storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage medium may reside in the ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (eg, UE). In the alternative, the processor and storage medium may reside in the user terminal as separate components.

In one or more example aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM, or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices, or may be used to carry instructions or data structures Or any other medium that stores the desired code and can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if you use coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies (such as infrared, radio, and microwave) to transmit software from a website, server, or other remote source, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable , twisted pair, DSL or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of media. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disc, and blu-ray disc, where discs usually reproduce material magnetically, while discs reproduce optically with lasers material. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

Although the foregoing disclosure illustrates illustrative aspects of the present disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications may be made herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps and/or actions of the method claims in accordance with aspects of the disclosure described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although elements of the present disclosure may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated.

100: Wireless Communication System 102: Base Station 102': Small Cell (SC) Base Station 104:UE 110: Geographic coverage area 110’: Geographic Coverage Area 112: Earth Orbiting Satellite Positioning System (SPS) Space Vehicle (SV) 120: Communication link 122: backload link 124: SPS signal 134:Backload link 150: Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Access Point (AP) 152: WLAN Station (STA) 154: Communication link 164:UE 170: Core Network 172:Position server 180:mmW base station 182:UE 184:mmW communication link 190:UE 192: D2D P2P Link 194: D2D P2P Link 200: Wireless Network Architecture 204:UE 210:5GC 212: User plane function 213: User Plane Interface (NG-U) 214: Control plane functions 215: Control Plane Interface (NG-C) 220: New RAN 222: gNB 223: loadback connection 224:ng-eNB 230:Position server 250: Wireless Network Architecture 260:5GC 262:UPF 263: User Plane Interface 264:AMF 265: Control plane interface 266: Communication period management function (SMF) 270: Location Management Function (LMF) 272: Safe User Plane Position (SUPL) Position Platform (SLP) 302:UE 304: Base Station 306: Network entity 310: Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) Transceivers 312: Receiver 314: Transmitter 316: Antenna 318: Signal 320: Short Range Wireless Transceiver 322: Receiver 324: Transmitter 326: Antenna 328: Signal 330: Satellite Positioning System (SPS) Receiver 332: Handling Systems 334: Data Bus 336: Antenna 338: SPS signal 340: Memory Parts 342:PRS Parts 344: Sensor 346: User Interface 350: Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN) Transceiver 352: Receiver 354: Transmitter 356: Antenna 358: Signal 360: Short Range Wireless Transceiver 362: Receiver 364: Transmitter 366: Antenna 368: Signal 370: Satellite Positioning System (SPS) Receiver 376: Antenna 378: SPS signal 380: Web Interface 382: Data bus 384: Handling Systems 386: Memory Parts 388:PRS Parts 390: Web Interface 392: Data Bus 394: Handling Systems 396: Memory Parts 398:PRS Parts 400: Figure 430: Figure 450: Figure 470: Figure 500: Figure 502: Base Station 502a: Transmit Beam 502b: Transmit Beam 502c: Transmit Beam 502d: Transmit Beam 502e: Transmit Beam 502f: Transmit Beam 502g: Transmit Beam 504:UE 504a: Receive Beam 504b: Receive Beam 504c: Receive Beam 504d: Receive Beam 510: Line of Sight (LOS) Path 512c: Path 512d: Path 512e: path 512f: path 512g: path 520: Obstacle 600: Method 602:TRP 604:UE 606: Line of Sight (LOS) Path 608: Location Management Function (LMF) 800: Process 810: Square 820: Square 830: Square 840: Square 1000: Antenna 1002: Panel 1004: Cross-Polarized Antenna 1100: Process 1110: Blocks 1120: Blocks 1130: Blocks CORESET: Control resource set DMRS: Demodulation Reference Signal PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel PRS: Positioning Reference Signal PSS: Primary Sync Signal PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel R: location RACH: random access channel RB: Resource Block SRS: Sounding Reference Signal SSB: Sync Signal Block SSS: Secondary sync signal φ1: Azimuth φ2: Azimuth

The accompanying drawings are presented to help describe various aspects of the present disclosure and are intended to illustrate, not to limit, such aspects.

1 illustrates an example wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

2A and 2B illustrate example wireless network structures according to aspects of the present disclosure.

3A-3C are simplified block diagrams of several sampled aspects of components that may be employed in user equipment (UE), base stations, and network entities, respectively, and configured to support the communications taught herein.

4A-4D are diagrams illustrating example frame structures and channels within the frame structures according to aspects of the present disclosure.

5 is a diagram illustrating an example base station in communication with an example UE in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a conventional method for performing DL-AoD measurements using RSRP measurements.

Figure 7 is a graph of expected RSRP values as a function of azimuth angle, normalized to remove the effect of distance.

8 illustrates a reduced management burden beam profile parameterization in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

9 is a graph of example antenna element radiation patterns in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

10 illustrates an antenna element array configuration in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

11 illustrates a reduced management burden beam profile parameterization in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

Domestic storage information (please note in the order of storage institution, date and number) none Foreign deposit information (please note in the order of deposit country, institution, date and number) none

800: Process

810: Square

820: Square

830: Square

840: Square

Claims (82)

A method of wireless communication performed by a receiving entity, the method comprising the steps of: Receive information characterizing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by a transmit/receive point (TRP) using a set of transmit beams, the information including at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and For each beam in the set, information identifying at least one precoding matrix; performing measurements of the positioning signals sent by the TRP; calculating at least one positioning measurement estimate based on the at least one antenna element radiation pattern, the at least one antenna element array configuration, the information identifying at least one precoding matrix, and at least some of the measurements; and Sending positioning information to the TRP, the positioning information including the at least one positioning measurement estimate. The method of claim 1, wherein the information characterizing the set of positioning signals is received in a multicast or multicast message. The method of claim 2, wherein the multicast or multicast message includes a Positioning System Information Block (SIB). The method of claim 1, wherein the information representing the set of positioning signals is received in a unicast message. The method of claim 4, wherein the unicast message includes a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) assistance data message. The method of claim 1, wherein the information identifying at least one precoding matrix includes a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) index. The method of claim 1, wherein each positioning signal in the set of positioning signals corresponds to a positioning reference signal (PRS) resource. The method according to claim 7, further comprising the following steps: A transmit beam pattern is determined for each PRS resource. The method of claim 1, wherein at least some of the information characterizing the set of positioning signals to be sent by one TRP also characterizes positioning signals to be sent by at least one other TRP. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one positioning measurement estimate includes an estimated position of the receiving entity. The method of claim 1, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern includes an index to a predefined set of antenna patterns. The method of claim 1, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern comprises a set of parameters characterizing the antenna element radiation pattern according to a closed-form parameterization. The method of claim 1, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern comprises a discretized plot of the magnitude of the antenna element radiation pattern versus angle of departure (AoD). The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one antenna element array configuration specifies at least one of: N antenna elements in a horizontal direction; M antenna elements in a vertical direction; P reference signal (RS) antenna ports; Ng instances of an array of NxM antenna elements in a horizontal direction; and Mg instances of an array of NxM antenna elements in a vertical direction. The method of claim 1, wherein each antenna element includes a cross-polarized antenna port. The method of claim 1, wherein the positioning signals sent by the TRP include a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) or a solution at least one of modulation reference signals (DMRS). The method of claim 1, wherein the positioning signals transmitted by the TRP comprise downlink (DL) positioning signals, an uplink (UL) positioning signal, or a side downlink (SL) positioning signal at least one of the. The method of claim 1, wherein the positioning information includes a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, a time of arrival (ToA) measurement, a quality of service (QoS) measurement, a received signal strength indicator ( At least one of an RSSI) measurement, a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurement, or an angle of departure (AoD). The method of claim 1, wherein the receiving entity comprises a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS). The method of claim 1, wherein the TRP comprises a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS). A method of wireless communication performed by a transmit/receive point (TRP), the method comprising the steps of: Sending to a receiving entity information representing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by a transmit/receive point (TRP) using a set of transmit beams, the information including at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and for For each beam in the set of transmit beams, information identifying at least one precoding matrix; send the set of positioning signals based on the information; and Positioning information is received from the receiving entity, the positioning information including at least one positioning measurement estimate. The method of claim 21, wherein the information characterizing the set of positioning signals is sent in a multicast or multicast message. The method of claim 22, wherein the multicast or multicast message includes a Positioning System Block (SIB). The method of claim 21, wherein the information characterizing the set of positioning signals is sent in a unicast message. The method of claim 24, wherein the unicast message includes a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) assistance data message. The method of claim 21, wherein the information identifying at least one precoding matrix includes a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) index. The method of claim 21, wherein each positioning signal in the set of positioning signals corresponds to a positioning reference signal (PRS) resource. The method of claim 21, wherein at least some of the information characterizing the set of positioning signals to be sent by one TRP also characterizes positioning signals to be sent by at least one other TRP. The method of claim 21, wherein the at least one positioning measurement estimate includes an estimated position of the receiving entity. The method of claim 21, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern includes an index to a predefined set of antenna patterns. The method of claim 21, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern comprises a set of parameters characterizing the antenna element radiation pattern according to a closed-form parameterization. The method of claim 21, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern comprises a discretized plot of the magnitude of the antenna element radiation pattern versus angle of departure (AoD). The method of claim 21, wherein the at least one antenna element array configuration specifies at least one of: N antenna elements in a horizontal direction; M antenna elements in a vertical direction; P reference signal (RS) antenna ports; Ng instances of an array of NxM antenna elements in a horizontal direction; and Mg instances of an array of NxM antenna elements in a vertical direction. The method of claim 21, wherein each antenna element includes a cross-polarized antenna port. The method of claim 21, wherein the positioning signals sent by the TRP comprise a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) or a solution at least one of modulation reference signals (DMRS). The method of claim 21, wherein the positioning signals transmitted by the TRP comprise downlink (DL) positioning signals, an uplink (UL) positioning signal, or a side downlink (SL) positioning signal at least one of the. The method of claim 21, wherein the positioning information comprises a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, a time of arrival (ToA) measurement, a quality of service (QoS) measurement, a received signal strength indicator ( At least one of an RSSI) measurement, a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurement, or an angle of departure (AoD). The method of claim 21, wherein the receiving entity comprises a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS). The method of claim 21, wherein the TRP comprises a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS). A receiving entity comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: Receive information characterizing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by a transmit/receive point (TRP) using a set of transmit beams, the information including at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and For each beam in the set, information identifying at least one precoding matrix; performing measurements of the positioning signals sent by the TRP; calculating at least one positioning measurement estimate based on the at least one antenna element radiation pattern, the at least one antenna element array configuration, the information identifying at least one precoding matrix, and at least some of the measurements; and The at least one transceiver is caused to send positioning information to the TRP, the positioning information including the at least one positioning measurement estimate. The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein the information representing the set of positioning signals is received in a multicast or multicast message. The receiving entity of claim 41, wherein the multicast or multicast message includes a Positioning System Information Block (SIB). The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein the information representing the set of positioning signals is received in a unicast message. The receiving entity of claim 43, wherein the unicast message includes a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) assistance data message. The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein the information identifying at least one precoding matrix includes a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) index. The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein each positioning signal in the set of positioning signals corresponds to a positioning reference signal (PRS) resource. The receiving entity of claim 46, wherein the receiving entity determines a transmit beam pattern for each PRS resource. The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein at least some of the information characterizing the set of positioning signals to be sent by one TRP also characterizes positioning signals to be sent by at least one other TRP. The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein the at least one positioning measurement estimate includes an estimated position of the receiving entity. The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern includes an index to a predefined set of antenna patterns. The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern comprises a set of parameters characterizing the antenna element radiation pattern according to a closed-form parameterization. The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern comprises a discretized plot of the magnitude of the antenna element radiation pattern versus angle of departure (AoD). The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein the at least one antenna element array configuration specifies at least one of: N antenna elements in a horizontal direction; M antenna elements in a vertical direction; P reference signal (RS) antenna ports; Ng instances of an array of NxM antenna elements in a horizontal direction; and Mg instances of an array of NxM antenna elements in a vertical direction. The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein each antenna element includes a cross-polarized antenna port. The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein the positioning signals sent by the TRP include a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) or a At least one of the demodulation reference signals (DMRS). The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein the positioning signals sent by the TRP comprise downlink (DL) positioning signals, an uplink (UL) positioning signal, or a side-link (SL) positioning signal at least one of the signals. The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein the positioning information includes a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, a time of arrival (ToA) measurement, a quality of service (QoS) measurement, and a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement, at least one of a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurement, or an angle of departure (AoD). The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein the receiving entity comprises a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS). The receiving entity of claim 40, wherein the TRP comprises a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS). A transmit/receive point (TRP) comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and At least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: causing the at least one transceiver to transmit to a receiving entity information representing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by a TRP using a set of transmit beams, the information comprising at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and for For each beam in the set of transmit beams, information identifying at least one precoding matrix; send the set of positioning signals based on the information; and Positioning information is received from the receiving entity, the positioning information including at least one positioning measurement estimate. The TRP of claim 60, wherein the information characterizing the set of positioning signals is sent in a multicast or multicast message. The TRP of claim 61, wherein the multicast or multicast message includes a Positioning System Information Block (SIB). The TRP of claim 60, wherein the information representing the set of positioning signals is sent in a unicast message. The TRP of claim 63, wherein the unicast message includes a Long Term Evolution (LTE) Positioning Protocol (LPP) assistance data message. The TRP of claim 60, wherein the information identifying at least one precoding matrix includes a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) index. The TRP of claim 60, wherein each positioning signal in the set of positioning signals corresponds to a positioning reference signal (PRS) resource. The TRP of claim 66, wherein the receiving entity determines a transmit beam pattern for each PRS resource. The TRP of claim 60, wherein at least some of the information characterizing the set of positioning signals to be sent by one TRP also characterizes positioning signals to be sent by at least one other TRP. The TRP of claim 60, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern includes an index to a predefined set of antenna patterns. The TRP of claim 60, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern includes a set of parameters characterizing the antenna element radiation pattern according to a closed-form parameterization. The TRP of claim 60, wherein the antenna element radiation pattern comprises a discretized plot of the magnitude of the antenna element radiation pattern versus angle of departure (AoD). The TRP of claim 60, wherein the at least one antenna element array configuration specifies at least one of: N antenna elements in a horizontal direction; M antenna elements in a vertical direction; P reference signal (RS) antenna ports; Ng instances of an array of NxM antenna elements in a horizontal direction; and Mg instances of an array of NxM antenna elements in a vertical direction. The TRP of claim 60, wherein each antenna element includes a cross-polarized antenna port. The TRP of claim 60, wherein the positioning signals sent by the TRP include a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) or a solution at least one of modulation reference signals (DMRS). The TRP of claim 60, wherein the positioning signals transmitted by the TRP comprise downlink (DL) positioning signals, an uplink (UL) positioning signal, or a side link (SL) positioning signal at least one of the. The TRP of claim 60, wherein the positioning information includes a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, a time of arrival (ToA) measurement, a quality of service (QoS) measurement, a received signal strength indicator ( At least one of an RSSI) measurement, a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurement, or an angle of departure (AoD). The TRP of claim 60, wherein the receiving entity comprises a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS). The TRP of claim 60, wherein the TRP comprises a user equipment (UE) or a base station (BS). A receiving entity comprising: Means for receiving information representing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by a transmit/receive point (TRP) using a set of transmit beams, the information comprising at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and for For each beam in the set of transmit beams, information identifying at least one precoding matrix; means for performing measurements of the positioning signals sent by the TRP; means for calculating at least one positioning measurement estimate based on the at least one antenna element radiation pattern, the at least one antenna element array configuration, the information identifying at least one precoding matrix, and at least some of the measurements; and Means for sending positioning information to the TRP, the positioning information including the at least one positioning measurement estimate. A transmit/receive point TRP, comprising: Means for transmitting to a receiving entity information representing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by a TRP using a set of transmit beams, the information including at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and for the transmission For each beam in the set of beams, information identifying at least one precoding matrix; means for transmitting the set of positioning signals based on the information; and Means for receiving positioning information from the receiving entity, the positioning information including at least one positioning measurement estimate. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a receiving entity, cause the receiving entity to: Receive information characterizing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by a transmit/receive point (TRP) using a set of transmit beams, the information including at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and For each beam in the set, information identifying at least one precoding matrix; performing measurements of the positioning signals sent by the TRP; calculating at least one positioning measurement estimate based on the at least one antenna element radiation pattern, the at least one antenna element array configuration, the information identifying at least one precoding matrix, and at least some of the measurements; and Sending positioning information to the TRP, the positioning information including the at least one positioning measurement estimate. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors at a transmit/receive point (TRP), cause the TRP: Sending to a receiving entity information representing a set of positioning signals to be transmitted by a TRP using a set of transmit beams, the information including at least one antenna element radiation pattern, at least one antenna element array configuration, and for the set of transmit beams For each beam of , identify the information of at least one precoding matrix; send the set of positioning signals based on the information; and Positioning information is received from the receiving entity, the positioning information including at least one positioning measurement estimate.

Images