TW202221965A - Electrolyte and fabricating method thereof, and lithium battery - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrolyte and a fabricating method thereof, and a lithium battery are described. The fabricating method of the electrolyte has steps of: adding a PVDF-based polymer and a PMA-based polymer to a liquid electrolyte to form a mixture, wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises a lithium salt; heating the mixture to between 60 and 100 DEG C for more than 4 hours, so as to form a transparent solution; and cooling the transparent solution to form the electrolyte.

Description

Electrolyte and method of making the same, and lithium battery

The present invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to an electrolyte and a manufacturing method thereof, and a lithium battery.

In recent years, lithium batteries have been widely used in various electronic products, electric vehicles or energy storage devices. Therefore, many studies focus on improving the efficiency, energy density and safety of lithium batteries. In terms of safety, the liquid electrolytes used in lithium batteries often have the risk of leakage leading to the risk of explosion.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide an electrolyte and a manufacturing method thereof, as well as a lithium battery, so as to solve the problems existing in the conventional technology.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an electrolyte, by adding at least two kinds of polymers (such as polyvinylidene fluoride polymers and polymethyl acrylate polymers) to react with lithium salts of liquid electrolytes, In order to form an electrolyte in a colloidal state at -60 to 80 °C, the manufacturing process is simple.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte, which is produced by the method for producing the electrolyte of the present invention, wherein the electrolyte is a colloidal electrolyte between -60 and 80° C., and is suitable for electrolyte use in lithium batteries.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte comprising the electrolyte of the present invention, which can avoid the risk of liquid electrolyte leakage between -60 and 80° C., and the lithium battery has excellent battery characteristics.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a method for producing an electrolyte, which comprises the steps of: adding a polyvinylidene fluoride polymer and a polymethyl acrylate polymer to a liquid electrolyte to form a mixture, wherein The liquid electrolyte includes a lithium salt; heating the mixture between 60 and 100° C. for more than 4 hours to form a clear solution; and cooling the clear solution to form the electrolyte.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the polyvinylidene fluoride polymer is selected from polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-trichlorofluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride A group consisting of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene and its derivatives.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the polymethyl acrylate polymer system is selected from polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyN-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide, polymethyl methacrylate A group consisting of hydroxyethyl acrylate and its derivatives.

In an embodiment of the present invention, a weight ratio of the polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer and the polymethyl acrylate-based polymer is between 4:1 and 20:1.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of the total weight of the polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer and the polymethyl acrylate-based polymer to the liquid electrolyte is between 2:100 and 6:100.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the lithium salt includes at least one of lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonimide (LITFSI), LiFSI, LiPF ₆ , LiClO ₄ , LiBOB, LiSO ₄ and LiBF ₄ .

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrolyte, which is prepared by the manufacturing method of the electrolyte according to any embodiment of the present invention, wherein the electrolyte is a colloidal electrolyte between -60°C and 80°C.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a lithium battery, comprising: a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, and an electrolyte according to any embodiment of the present invention. The electrolyte is arranged between the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the positive electrode material includes at least one of lithium cobalt oxide, ternary material and lithium iron phosphate.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the negative electrode material includes at least one of graphite, lithium titanium oxide and lithium metal.

In order to make the above-mentioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be exemplified below and described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, the directional terms mentioned in the present invention, such as up, down, top, bottom, front, rear, left, right, inner, outer, side, surrounding, center, horizontal, lateral, vertical, longitudinal, axial, Radial, uppermost or lowermost, etc., are only directions with reference to the attached drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for describing and understanding the present invention, not for limiting the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a method 10 for manufacturing an electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention mainly includes the following steps 11 to 13: adding a polyvinylidene fluoride polymer and a polymethyl acrylate polymer to a liquid state in the electrolyte to form a mixture, wherein the liquid electrolyte contains a lithium salt (step 11); perform a cross-linking reaction, and heat the mixture at 60 to 100° C. for more than 4 hours to form a transparent solution (step 12) ); and cooling the clear solution to form the electrolyte (step 13). The present invention will hereinafter describe in detail the implementation details and principles of the above steps in the embodiments.

The manufacturing method 10 of a colloidal electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention is firstly step 11: adding a polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer and a polymethyl acrylate-based polymer to a liquid electrolyte to form a mixture, wherein the The liquid electrolyte contains a lithium salt. In this step 11, it is mainly by adding specific polymer species to the liquid electrolyte containing lithium salt, so that the liquid electrolyte can be formed into a colloidal electrolyte at a specific temperature (eg -60 to 80° C.) in the subsequent steps. . In one embodiment, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF-based) polymer is selected from polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), poly (vinylidene fluoride) -trifluoroethylene); P(VDF-TrFE)), polyvinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene (Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene), PVDF-CTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (Poly( A group consisting of vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), PVDF-co-HFP) and its derivatives. In another embodiment, the polymethyl acrylate (PMA-based) polymer is selected from poly(methyl acrylate, PMA), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), A compound consisting of poly(N-(2-Hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) (PHPMA), polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA) and its derivatives. ethnic groups.

In yet another embodiment, a weight ratio of the polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer and the polymethyl acrylate-based polymer is between 4:1 and 20:1. In one example, the weight ratio may be 5:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1, 12:1, 15:1, 17:1, 18:1, or 19:1. In yet another embodiment, the total weight of the polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer and the polymethyl acrylate-based polymer is relative to the liquid electrolyte (that is, the polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer and the polymethyl acrylate polymer The weight ratio of ester polymer): the liquid electrolyte) is between 2:100 and 6:100. In one example, the weight ratio is 3:100, 4:100 or 5:100. In one embodiment, the lithium salt comprises at least one of lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonimide (LITFSI), LiFSI, LiPF ₆ , LiClO ₄ , lithium bisoxalate borate (LiBOB), LiSO ₄ , and LiBF ₄ .

The manufacturing method 10 of an electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention is followed by step 12 : heating the mixture to a temperature between 60 and 100° C. for more than 4 hours to form a transparent solution. In this step 12, heating is mainly used to promote the uniform dissolution of the polyvinylidene fluoride polymer and the polymethyl acrylate polymer in the liquid electrolyte, thereby promoting the reaction (eg, cross-linking reaction) . In one embodiment, the heating time for the reaction is, for example, 4 to 12 hours. In one example, the heating time is 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 hours, for example.

The method 10 for producing an electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention is followed by step 13: cooling the transparent solution to form the electrolyte. In this step 13, the transparent solution can be formed into an electrolyte by, for example, standing for air cooling.

It should be noted here that at least one feature of the electrolyte manufacturing method of the embodiment of the present invention is that at least the polyvinylidene fluoride polymer and the polymethyl acrylate polymer need to be added to cross-link with the lithium salt Only by reacting, can a colloidal electrolyte be prepared at -60 to 80 °C, thereby avoiding the leakage problem caused by the liquid electrolyte. If only the polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer is added to react with the lithium salt, the electrolyte does not have the property of being colloidal in a specific temperature range (eg -60 to 80° C.). Likewise, if only the polymethyl acrylate polymer is added for cross-linking reaction with lithium salt, the electrolyte does not have the property of being colloidal in a specific temperature range (eg -60 to 80° C.).

The embodiment of the present invention provides an electrolyte, which is manufactured by the method for producing an electrolyte according to any embodiment of the present invention, wherein the electrolyte is a colloidal electrolyte between -60°C and 80°C. It should be mentioned that the electrolyte of the embodiment of the present invention is made by a specific method, so that the electrolyte is in a colloidal state between -60 and 80°C. Since the general use of lithium batteries does not exceed the above temperature range, the electrolyte can be used in lithium batteries. It is worth mentioning that the electrolyte of the present invention turns into a liquid state under the condition of lower than -60°C or higher than 80°C, which is based on the reaction of polyvinylidene fluoride polymer and polymethyl acrylate polymer. Properties of the formed molecular structure.

Referring to FIG. 2 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a lithium battery 20 , including: a positive electrode material 21 and a negative electrode material 22 ; and an electrolyte 23 . The electrolyte 23 is disposed between the positive electrode material 21 and the negative electrode material 22 , wherein the electrolyte 23 is the electrolyte of any embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, the positive electrode material 21 includes at least one of lithium cobalt oxide, ternary material and lithium iron phosphate. In another embodiment, the negative electrode material 22 includes at least one of graphite, lithium titanium oxide and lithium metal. In yet another embodiment, the electrolyte 23 may be produced by the method for producing an electrolyte according to any embodiment of the present invention.

In one embodiment, the specific structure of the lithium battery 20 may further include a reed 24 and a gasket 25. For example, the components in the lithium battery 20 are assembled and arranged in sequence into the upper case 26, the reed 24, the The gasket 25 , the negative electrode material 22 , the electrolyte 23 , the positive electrode material 21 and the lower case 27 .

The following examples are provided to illustrate that the electrolyte manufacturing method of the embodiment of the present invention can indeed produce a colloidal electrolyte between -60 and 80° C., and the lithium battery with the electrolyte has excellent battery characteristics.

Example 1

Add a polyvinylidene fluoride polymer (such as polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-co-HFP)) and a polymethyl acrylate polymer (such as polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA) ) into a liquid electrolyte to form a mixture. The liquid electrolyte is a 1:1:1 volume ratio of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) by adding 1M lithium salt (such as bis-trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) at least one of lithium imide (LITFSI), LiFSI, LiPF ₆ , LiClO ₄ , LiBOB, LiSO ₄ and LiBF ₄ ). A weight ratio of the polyvinylidene fluoride polymer and the polymethyl acrylate polymer is about 4:1. The weight ratio of the total weight of the polyvinylidene fluoride polymer and the polymethyl acrylate polymer (hereinafter referred to as the two polymers) to the liquid electrolyte is about 2.5:100. Next, the mixture was heated to between 60 and 100° C. for more than 4 hours to form a clear solution. Then, stand at room temperature to cool the clear solution to form the electrolyte of Example 1.

It is worth mentioning that the electrolyte just prepared (Example 1) is a flowable liquid state (Sol Type). When the temperature is at room temperature for a period of time, the electrolyte gradually changes from a flowable state to a colloidal state. (Gel Type). After that, it will remain in a colloidal state in the temperature range of -60°C to 80°C. Therefore, in the temperature range in which the battery is generally used (for example, -40 to 60° C.), even if the battery is damaged by an external force, there is no danger of electrolyte leakage, which is safe.

Next, the electrolyte of Example 1 was matched with a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode and a lithium metal negative electrode to form a lithium battery, and the lithium battery was subjected to a charge-discharge test at room temperature (about 25° C.). The results obtained in Example 1 are shown in Figure 3A.

Examples 2 to 5

The production methods of Examples 2 to 5 are roughly the same as those of Example 1, but the difference is that the weight ratio of the polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer and the polymethyl acrylate-based polymer is different (Examples 2, 3) , the total weight of the polyvinylidene fluoride polymer and the polymethyl acrylate polymer is different from the weight ratio of the liquid electrolyte (Examples 4 and 5). Please refer to Table 1 below.

Table I Weight ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride polymer and polymethyl acrylate polymer The weight ratio of two polymers and liquid electrolytes Example 1 4:1 2.5:100 Example 2 9:1 2.5:100 Example 3 19:1 2.5:100 Example 4 19:1 5:100 Example 5 19:1 6:100

It is worth mentioning that the electrolytes just prepared (Examples 2 to 5) are in a flowable liquid state (Sol Type). Gel Type, and is still colloidal in the temperature range of -60°C to 80°C, so when the battery is damaged by external force, there is no danger of electrolyte leakage, and it is safe.

Next, the electrolytes of Examples 2 to 5 were combined with a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode and a lithium metal negative electrode to form a lithium battery, and the lithium battery was subjected to a charge-discharge test at room temperature (about 25° C.). The results obtained in Examples 2 to 5 are shown in Figures 3B to 3E, respectively.

From Figures 3A to 3E it can be seen that:

The capacitance of Example 1 is about 158.2 mAh/g at a discharge rate of 0.1 C-rate at room temperature, and about 22.7 mAh/g at a discharge rate of 10 C-rate at room temperature;

The capacitance of Example 2 at a discharge rate of 0.1 C-rate at room temperature is about 165.7 mAh/g, and the capacitance at a discharge rate of 13 C-rate at room temperature is about 25.4 mAh/g;

The capacitance of Example 3 is about 164.9 mAh/g at a discharge rate of 0.1 C-rate at room temperature, and about 72 mAh/g at a discharge rate of 15 C-rate at room temperature;

Example 4 has a capacity of about 169.2 mAh/g at room temperature 0.1 C-rate discharge rate and about 37.2 mAh/g at room temperature 10 C-rate discharge rate; and

Example 5 has a capacity of about 169.5 mAh/g at a discharge rate of 0.1 C-rate at room temperature and about 23.9 mAh/g at a discharge rate of 10 C-rate at room temperature.

Next, the Example was compared with a commercial lithium battery whose electrolyte was a commercial electrolyte (1M LiPF6 in EC/DMC/DEC=1:1:1, hereinafter referred to as Comparative Example). Here, it is mainly to compare Example 3 with the comparative example. Charge at 1 C-rate, discharge at 1 C-rate, and observe the result of battery discharge after 500 cycles of long-term test. Please refer to Fig. 4, after 500 cycles of testing, the capacitance retention rate (90.6%) of Example 3 is better than that of the comparative example (53.0%). It is worth mentioning that Examples 1, 2, 4 and 5 also have capacitance retention similar to that of Example 3.

Then, taking Example 3 as an example, the lithium battery of Example 3 was packaged in a flexible package, and then the electric capacity of the flexible package was measured in a folded state and an unfolded state. As shown in Fig. 5A, there is no significant difference in the electric capacity of the lithium battery in the folded state and the lithium battery in the unfolded state. In addition, the cycle performance of the folded lithium battery and the unfolded lithium battery is not significantly different, as shown in Figure 5B (the first 10 circles are the unfolded lithium battery, and the last 10 circles are the lithium battery in the unfolded state. Lithium batteries in a folded state (for example, folded in half) were found to have no significant impact on their cycle performance). Therefore, it means that if the lithium battery is damaged by external force, it can still retain its certain performance. Likewise, Embodiments 1, 2, 4, and 5 also have effects similar to those of Embodiment 3 described above.

From the above, it can be seen that Examples 1 to 5 are indeed still colloidal in the temperature range of -60°C to 80°C. Therefore, at the common application temperature of general lithium batteries, the electrolyte is in a colloidal state. In other words, when the battery is damaged by external force, there is no danger of electrolyte leakage, and it is safe. In addition, Examples 1 to 5 also had better capacitance retention ratios than commercial electrolytes. Furthermore, the lithium batteries of Examples 1 to 5 can also be installed in a folded manner without significantly affecting their performance, which is convenient to be installed in various devices that need to install batteries.

Although the present invention has been disclosed with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention The scope of protection shall be determined by the scope of the appended patent application.

10: Methods 11~13: Steps 20: Lithium battery 21: Positive electrode material 22: Negative material 23: Electrolytes 24: Reed 25: Gasket 26: Upper shell 27: Lower shell

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for producing an electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a lithium battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 3A to 3E are schematic diagrams of the analysis of the lithium batteries of Examples 1 to 5 for charging and discharging tests at room temperature (25°C), respectively. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the analysis of the capacitance of Example 3 and a commercial electrolyte after a long-term test of 500 cycles. Fig. 5A is a schematic diagram of the analysis of the charging and discharging test in the folded state and the unfolded state of Example 3 in the form of a flexible package. FIG. 5B is a schematic analysis diagram of the cycle test of Example 3 in the form of a flexible package in a folded state and an unfolded state.

10: Methods

11~13: Steps

Claims (10)

A preparation method of an electrolyte, comprising the steps of: adding a polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer and a polymethyl acrylate-based polymer to a liquid electrolyte to form a mixture, wherein the liquid electrolyte includes a lithium salt; heating the mixture to between 60 and 100°C for more than 4 hours to form a clear solution; and The clear solution is cooled to form the electrolyte. The method for producing an electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene A group consisting of vinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene and their derivatives. The method for producing an electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the polymethyl acrylate polymer is selected from the group consisting of polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, and polyN-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylate A group consisting of amide, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate and its derivatives. The method for producing an electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer and the polymethyl acrylate-based polymer is between 4:1 and 20:1. The manufacturing method of the electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the total weight of the polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymer and the polymethyl acrylate-based polymer to the liquid electrolyte is between 2:100 to 6: 100. The method for producing an electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the lithium salt comprises at least one of lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonimide (LITFSI), LiFSI, LiPF ₆ , LiClO ₄ , LiBOB, LiSO ₄ and LiBF ₄ . An electrolyte prepared by the method for producing an electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the electrolyte is a colloidal electrolyte between -60°C and 80°C. A lithium battery comprising: a positive electrode material and a negative electrode material; and An electrolyte as claimed in claim 7, disposed between the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material. The lithium battery according to claim 8, wherein the positive electrode material comprises at least one of lithium cobalt oxide, ternary material and lithium iron phosphate. The lithium battery of claim 8, wherein the negative electrode material comprises at least one of graphite, lithium titanium oxide and lithium metal.

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