TW202209828A - Antenna system of millimeter wave base station including M antenna subarrays and a signal processing circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention mainly discloses an antenna system of a millimeter wave base station. The antenna system includes M antenna subarrays and a signal processing circuit. The antenna system is characterized in that there is an angle difference in alignment directions of antenna radiation patterns of any two antenna subarrays which are adjacent to each other; moreover, it is set that x ≥ 1.5, so that each of the antenna subarrays has a directional gain in a direction of a user device under the condition that any two adjacent antenna radiation patterns are highly overlapped, and an equivalent gain of the M antenna subarrays may be x times as high as one of the directional gains by virtue of MRC processing. According to such a design, the system may make a plurality of user devices share the same bandwidth resource by virtue of an OFDMA without searching for and tracking the user devices by consuming signal overhead as long as the user devices enter an angle coverage range of the antenna system of the millimeter wave base station, so that the scheduling complexity and limitation of the base station can be greatly simplified, and meanwhile, the time delay for the connection of the user devices can also be shortened.

Description

mmWave base station antenna system

The present invention relates to the related technical field of the antenna structure of wireless communication, especially to a millimeter wave base station antenna system.

It is known that the 5th generation mobile network (5G for short) is the latest generation of mobile communication technology, which utilizes millimeter waves with operating frequencies between 30 GHz and 300 GHz to achieve broadband with high data transmission rates wireless communication. At present, phased array antennas, array antennas using Fully digital massive MIMO technology, and array antennas using Hybrid beamforming technology are the most common types of 5G base stations. The main matching antenna architecture.

For the single-port phased array antenna, each antenna element (Antenna element) in the array antenna is connected to a signal transceiver module (T/R module), and the signal transceiver module includes a transceiver switch (T/R module). /R switch), a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a power amplifier (PA), and a phase shifter. Practical experience shows that when the single-port phased array antenna works normally, the phase shifter will cause additional insertion loss (Insertion loss) and heat loss. It is worth noting that after a new user equipment (User Equipment, UE) appears in the millimeter-wave coverage of the 5G base station using the single-port phased array antenna, the single-port phased array antenna must continue to be used. Signal payload (Overhead) to search and track the user equipment. On the other hand, when multiple user equipments share the same bandwidth resource at the same time through Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), each user equipment needs to be within the coverage of the main beam of the array antenna. In this way, the complexity and difficulty of the system in planning and allocating the bandwidth resources of each user equipment are improved. For example, if all user equipments are located in different directions, the single-port phased array antenna system cannot allow these user equipments to share the same bandwidth resources at the same time through OFDMA. It can be seen that the single-port phased array antenna system has many limitations in practical application.

On the other hand, each antenna element of the array antenna system using the all-digital large-scale multiple input/output technology has a signal processing circuit, and the signal processing circuit includes a signal transceiver module, a mixer (mixer), an analog digital converter, and a digital-to-analog converter. The construction cost of this array antenna system is quite high. Moreover, when the signal transmission bandwidth is increased to hundreds of megahertz, the huge amount of data transmission will cause the signal processing circuit to have a very heavy computing load.

Furthermore, the array antenna system using the hybrid beamforming technology has a plurality of sub-arrays and a signal processing circuit. Wherein, each of the sub-arrays includes a plurality of antenna elements and a signal transmission port, and the signal processing circuit includes: a mixer, an analog-to-digital converter, and a digital-to-analog converter electrically connected to the signal transmission port . In addition, each antenna element in the sub-array is connected to a signal transceiver module, and the signal transceiver module includes a transceiver switch, a low noise amplifier, a power amplifier, and a phase shifter, so as to utilize the phase shifter. The shifter adjusts a beam shape of the sub-array. Therefore, this antenna system not only uses a small number of mixers, analog-to-digital converters, and digital-to-analog converters, but also reduces the number of signal transmission ports compared to an all-digital large-scale multiple-input/multiple-output array antenna. Unfortunately, such antenna systems still have to continually search and track user equipment. Therefore, when multiple user equipments share the same bandwidth resources at the same time through OFDMA, the complexity and difficulty of planning and allocating the bandwidth resources of each user equipment in the array antenna system using the hybrid beamforming technology is still quite high. .

It can be seen from the above description that a new type of millimeter wave base station antenna system is urgently needed in the art.

，其中

代表子陣列的半功率波束寬，χ代表相鄰子陣列場型的重疊指數。χ愈大表示重疊度愈高；並且，在令x≧2而使得任二個相鄰的所述天線輻射場型具高度重疊的情況下，各所述天線子陣列在一用戶設備的方向上具有一方向性增益，藉由最大比例合併信號處理後可使得所述M個天線子陣列之一等效增益為單一所述指向性增益的x倍。依此設計，只要用戶設備進入該毫米波基地台天線系統的角度覆蓋範圍內，系統不需要消耗訊號負載(Overhead)去搜尋和追蹤該用戶設備，即可讓多個用戶設備透過OFDMA分享相同的頻寬資源，故而能夠大幅簡化基地台排程(Scheduling)的複雜度與限制，同時還能減少用戶設備連線的時間延遲。The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a millimeter-wave base station antenna system, the millimeter-wave base station antenna system includes M fixed-field antenna sub-arrays and a signal processing circuit; The adjacent alignment directions of the antenna radiation patterns of the antenna sub-arrays have an angular difference:

,in

represents the half-power beamwidth of the sub-array, and χ represents the overlap index of adjacent sub-array patterns. The larger the χ is, the higher the degree of overlap is; and, in the case where x≧2 is used to make any two adjacent antenna radiation patterns have a high degree of overlap, each of the antenna sub-arrays is in the direction of a user equipment Having a directional gain, the equivalent gain of one of the M antenna sub-arrays can be x times of the single directional gain after the maximum ratio combined signal processing. According to this design, as long as the user equipment enters the angular coverage of the mmWave base station antenna system, the system does not need to consume the signal overhead (Overhead) to search and track the user equipment, so that multiple user equipments can share the same signal through OFDMA. Therefore, the complexity and limitation of base station scheduling can be greatly simplified, and the time delay of user equipment connection can be reduced at the same time.

It is worth emphasizing that the millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention does not need to be equipped with any phase shifter. Therefore, in the process of transmitting/receiving millimeter-wave wireless signals, the millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention will not have any additional Therefore, it can provide stable wireless communication quality. Meanwhile, since the millimeter wave base station antenna system of the present invention does not use a phase shifter, the computational burden of the signal processing circuit can be greatly reduced.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes an embodiment of the millimeter-wave base station antenna system, including M antenna sub-arrays and a signal processing circuit, wherein each of the antenna sub-arrays has an antenna radiation pattern and is used for coupling. Connected to a signal transmission port of the signal processing circuit, and a plurality of the antenna radiation patterns have a plurality of alignment directions; it is characterized in that:

Among the M antenna sub-arrays, between the antenna radiation pattern of the m-th antenna sub-array and the antenna radiation pattern of the m-1-th antenna sub-array adjacent thereto Has a degree of overlap, M and m are both positive integers, and m≦M;

、第m-1個所述天線子陣列的該對準方向為

、各所述天線子陣列的一半功率波束寬為

、及第m個所述天線子陣列的該對準方向和第m-1個所述天線子陣列的該對準方向之間具有一角度差為

的情況下，所述角度差

，x為一波束重疊指數；χ愈大，表示波束重疊度愈高。The alignment direction of the mth antenna sub-array is

, the alignment direction of the m-1th antenna sub-array is

, the half power beamwidth of each antenna sub-array is

, and the alignment direction of the m-th antenna sub-array and the alignment direction of the m-1-th antenna sub-array have an angular difference of

case, the angle difference

, x is a beam overlap index; the larger χ is, the higher the beam overlap is.

Under the condition that x≧2 and the overlapping degree is highly overlapping, each of the antenna sub-arrays has a directional gain in the direction of a user equipment, and each of the signal transmission ports has a directional gain. After performing a Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) signal processing on an output signal of the M antenna sub-arrays, an effective gain of the M antenna sub-arrays is about x times the single directivity gain.

，且所述M個天線子陣列11在接收N個所述用戶設備之所述載波信號後產生一天線信號向量

傳送至該上行基頻信號處理器，該上行基頻信號處理器產生一上行權重矩陣(

)，從而使該天線信號向量

和該上行權重矩陣(

)的乘積為一估測信號向量

，且該估測信號向量

在各所述用戶設備傳送每一所述載波信號的情況下皆趨近於該用戶設備信號向量

。In one embodiment, the signal processing circuit has a baseband signal processing unit, and the baseband signal processing unit includes an uplink baseband signal processor; wherein, when there are N user equipments, the millimeter wave is shared at the same time. In the case of a frequency resource of the base station antenna system, a carrier signal transmitted by each user equipment is represented as a user equipment signal vector

, and the M antenna sub-arrays 11 generate an antenna signal vector after receiving the carrier signals of the N user equipments

sent to the uplink baseband signal processor, and the uplink baseband signal processor generates an uplink weight matrix (

), so that the antenna signal vector

and the upward weight matrix (

) is an estimated signal vector

, and the estimated signal vector

When each of the user equipments transmits each of the carrier signals, the signal vector of the user equipment is approximated

.

，由所述M個天線子陣列對應於所述載波信號的一輸出信號表示為一天線信號向量

，且N個所述用戶設備在接收所述載波信號後產生一第二用戶設備信號向量

；該下行基頻信號處理器產生一下行權重矩陣(

)，從而使該第一用戶設備信號向量

和該下行權重矩陣(

)的乘積為該天線信號向量

，使得第二用戶設備信號向量

能夠趨近於第一設備所傳送的信號向量

。In an embodiment, the baseband signal processing unit includes a downlink baseband signal processor; wherein, when there are N user equipments sharing a frequency resource of the millimeter-wave base station antenna system at the same time, the signal is transmitted to A carrier signal of the N user equipments is represented as a first user equipment signal vector

, an output signal of the M antenna subarrays corresponding to the carrier signal is represented as an antenna signal vector

, and the N user equipments generate a second user equipment signal vector after receiving the carrier signal

; The downlink baseband signal processor generates a downlink weight matrix (

), so that the first UE signal vector

and the downlink weight matrix (

) is the antenna signal vector

, so that the second UE signal vector

can approximate the signal vector transmitted by the first device

.

；其中，

為由該上行基頻信號處理器所接收的一總和信號，

為由所述用戶設備所傳送的一無線信號，且

為第m個所述天線子陣列與所述無線信號之間的一通道響應。In one embodiment, the maximum ratio combined signal processing is implemented using the following mathematical formula:

;in,

is a summation signal received by the uplink baseband signal processor,

is a wireless signal transmitted by the user equipment, and

is a channel response between the mth antenna sub-array and the wireless signal.

In one embodiment, the M antenna sub-arrays are disposed on a substrate, and the substrate can be a flat substrate or a curved substrate.

In one embodiment, the signal processing circuit further includes:

M radio frequency and analog signal processing modules are respectively coupled to the M signal transmission ports, and each of the radio frequency and analog signal processing modules includes: a signal transceiver unit coupled to the signal transmission port, coupled to the signal transmission port an analog baseband signal processing unit of the transceiver unit, and a first signal conversion unit coupled to the analog baseband signal processing unit; and

M second signal conversion units, respectively coupled to the first signal conversion units;

Wherein, in an uplink transmission path, the signal transceiver unit receives the first wireless signal transmitted from the user equipment through the antenna sub-array, thereby transmitting a first analog baseband signal to the analog baseband signal processing unit ; The analog baseband signal processing unit performs a first signal processing on the first analog baseband signal, and then the first signal conversion unit converts the first analog baseband signal into a first digital signal, and the second The signal conversion unit converts the first digital signal into a plurality of first frequency domain signals and transmits them to the baseband signal processing unit in parallel;

Wherein, in the downlink transmission path, the second signal conversion unit receives a plurality of second frequency domain signals in parallel from the fundamental frequency signal processing unit, so that after the second frequency domain signal is converted into a second digital signal, it converts the second frequency domain signal into a second digital signal. The second digital signal is serially transmitted to the first signal conversion unit; the first signal conversion unit converts the serially inputted second digital signal into a second analog baseband signal, and then the analog baseband signal processing unit A second signal processing is performed on the second analog baseband signal; after the signal transceiver unit converts the second analog baseband signal into a second analog signal, a second wireless signal is sent through the antenna sub-array.

In one embodiment, the signal transceiving unit includes:

A transceiver switch has a first end, a second end and a third end, and the first end is coupled to the signal transmission port of the antenna sub-array;

a low noise amplifier coupled to the second end of the transceiver switch, so as to receive the first wireless signal sent by the user equipment through the transceiver switch and the antenna sub-array, and the first wireless signal performing a signal amplification process;

a down-converter coupled to the low noise amplifier, the analog fundamental frequency signal processing unit, and an in-phase signal and a quadrature signal generated by a local oscillator (LO) signal), so as to perform a frequency reduction process on the first wireless signal according to the in-phase signal and the quadrature signal, and then output the second analog baseband signal;

a power amplifier, coupled to the third end of the transceiver switch; and

an upconverter, coupled between the power amplifier and the analog fundamental frequency signal processing unit, and simultaneously coupled to the in-phase signal and the quadrature signal generated by the local oscillator; wherein the upconverter Receive the second analog baseband signal transmitted by the analog baseband signal processing unit, perform an up-scaling process on the second analog baseband signal according to the in-phase signal and the quadrature signal, and then transmit a second analog baseband signal The analog signal is sent to the power amplifier, and after the power amplifier performs a power amplification process on the second analog signal, the second wireless signal is sent out through the antenna sub-array.

In one embodiment, the analog baseband signal processing unit includes:

a transimpedance amplifier coupled to the downconverter to receive the first analog fundamental frequency signal, so as to perform a transimpedance amplification process on the first analog fundamental frequency signal;

a first low-pass filter, coupled to the transimpedance amplifier to receive the first analog fundamental frequency signal after the transimpedance amplification process, so as to perform a low-pass filtering process on the first analog fundamental frequency signal;

a first variable gain amplifier coupled to the first low-pass filter to receive the first analog fundamental frequency signal after the low-pass filtering process, so as to perform a gain modulation process on the first analog fundamental frequency signal and then output it to the first signal conversion unit;

a first buffer, coupled to the first signal conversion unit;

a second low-pass filter coupled to the first buffer, so as to receive the second analog baseband signal from the first signal conversion unit through the first buffer, and then execute the second analog baseband signal on the second analog baseband signal a low-pass filtering process; and

a second variable gain amplifier, coupled to the second low-pass filter to receive the second analog fundamental frequency signal after the low-pass filtering process, so as to perform a gain modulation on the second analog fundamental frequency signal After processing it is output to the upconverter.

In one embodiment, the first signal conversion unit includes:

a second buffer 1, coupled to the first variable gain amplifier;

An analog-to-digital converter is coupled between the second buffer and the second signal conversion unit, so as to receive from the first variable gain amplifier through the second buffer a signal that has completed the gain modulation process the first analog baseband signal, and then convert the first analog baseband signal into the first digital signal; and

a digital-to-analog converter coupled between the second signal conversion unit and the first buffer, so as to receive the serially input second digital signal from the second signal conversion unit, and then the second digital signal converted into the second analog baseband signal.

In one embodiment, the second signal conversion unit includes:

a cyclic prefix remover, coupled to the analog-to-digital converter to receive the first digital signal, so as to perform a cyclic prefix removal process on the first digital signal;

a serial-parallel converter, coupled to the cyclic prefix remover, for converting the first digital signal after the cyclic prefix removal process into a plurality of first time domain signals;

a fast Fourier converter, coupled to the serial-parallel converter to receive the plurality of first time domain signals in parallel, so as to convert them into the plurality of first frequency domain signals;

an inverse fast Fourier converter, coupled to the fundamental frequency signal processing unit to receive the plurality of second frequency domain signals in series, so as to convert the plurality of second time domain signals;

a parallel-serial converter coupled to the inverse fast Fourier converter to receive the plurality of second time domain signals in parallel, so as to convert the plurality of second time domain signals into the second digital bits transmitted serially signal; and

a cyclic prefix inserter, coupled to the parallel-serial converter to receive the second digital signal serially, so as to perform a cyclic prefix insertion process on the second digital signal, and then transmit the second digital signal to the digital-to-analog converter.

In order to enable your examiners to further understand the structure, characteristics, purpose, and advantages of the present invention, drawings and detailed descriptions of preferred embodiments are attached as follows.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the millimeter-wave base station antenna system 1 of the present invention includes three main parts: an antenna structure 1A including M antenna sub-arrays 11 , a signal transceiver unit 121 , an analog baseband signal processing unit 122 , and A radio frequency and analog signal processing module 1B of the first signal conversion unit 123 , and a baseband signal processing module 1C including M second signal conversion units 13 and a baseband signal processing unit 14 .

Antenna module 1A

Continue to refer to FIG. 1, and also refer to FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B. 2A shows a first structural diagram of the antenna module of the millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention, and FIG. 2B shows a second structural diagram of the antenna module of the millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention. According to the design of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2A , the antenna module 1A includes M antenna subarrays 11 , and the M antenna subarrays 11 are disposed on a substrate 11S. The substrate 11S is a flat substrate. Wherein, each antenna sub-array 11 includes a plurality of antenna elements, and has an antenna radiation pattern and a signal transmission port 11p, and each of the antenna radiation patterns has a corresponding pair quasi-direction. When implementing the present invention, the antenna element can have an aperture, or a horn antenna can be used as the antenna element. Moreover, in another feasible embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2B , the M antenna sub-arrays 11 are disposed on a substrate 11S, and the substrate 11S is a curved substrate.

In more detail, in the present invention, the antenna radiation pattern of each antenna sub-array 11 is aligned in one direction, that is, the steering angle of the antenna radiation pattern is fixed. According to this design, it is meaningless to set a phase shifter in the signal processing circuit for adjusting the beam shape to change the alignment direction of the antenna radiation pattern. In short, the signal processing circuit of the millimeter-wave base station antenna system 1 of the present invention does not need to be equipped with any phase shifter. Therefore, in the process of transmitting/receiving millimeter-wave wireless signals, the millimeter-wave base station antenna system 1 of the present invention does not generate additional insertion loss and heat loss, so that stable wireless communication quality can be provided. At the same time, since the signal processing circuit is not equipped with a phase shifter, its computational burden is also greatly reduced.

、第m-1個所述天線子陣列11的對準方向為

、各所述天線子陣列11的一半功率波束寬為

、及第m個所述天線子陣列11的對準方向和第m-1個所述天線子陣列11的該對準方向之間具有一角度差為

的情況下，所述角度差可以下式(1)表示。

………………………(1)As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2A , among the M antenna sub-arrays 11, the antenna radiation pattern of the m-th antenna sub-array 11 and the m-1-th antenna adjacent thereto The antenna radiation patterns of the sub-array 11 have a degree of overlap, M and m are both positive integers, and m≦M. In other words, when designing the antenna radiation patterns of each antenna sub-array 11 to have an alignment direction (Steering angle), the main beams of the adjacent two antenna radiation patterns must be overlapped at the same time. degree. According to this design, the alignment direction of the mth antenna sub-array 11 is

, the alignment direction of the m-1th antenna sub-array 11 is

, the half-power beamwidth of each antenna sub-array 11 is

, and the alignment direction of the m-th antenna sub-array 11 and the alignment direction of the m-1-th antenna sub-array 11 have an angular difference of

In the case of , the angle difference can be represented by the following formula (1).

………………………(1)

In the above equation (1), x is the beam overlap index, and changing the value of the beam overlap index (ie, x) can adjust the overlap degree. In more detail, when x≦1, the overlapping degree is loosely overlapping; on the contrary, when x≧2, the overlapping degree is highly overlapping. Therefore, the technical feature of the present invention is that under the condition that x≧2 and the overlapping degree is highly overlapping, each of the antenna sub-arrays 11 will have a directional gain in the direction of the user equipment (directional gain) , and after performing a Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) signal processing on an output signal of each of the signal transmission ports 11p, an effective gain of the M antenna sub-arrays 11 is a single x times the directivity gain.

RF and analog signal processing module 1B and baseband signal processing module 1C

Continue to refer to FIG. 1 , and please refer to FIG. 3 at the same time, which shows a block diagram of the RF and analog signal processing modules of the millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 , the RF and analog signal processing module 1B includes a signal transceiver unit 121 , an analog baseband signal processing unit 122 and a first signal conversion unit 123 , and the baseband signal processing unit 123 The module 1C includes M second signal conversion units 13 and a baseband signal processing unit 14 . The signal transceiving unit 121 is coupled to the signal transmission port 11p , the analog baseband signal processing unit 122 is coupled to the signal transceiving unit 121 , and the first signal converting unit 123 is coupled to the analog baseband signal processing unit 122 . In addition, the M second signal conversion units 13 are respectively coupled to the first signal conversion units 123 , and the baseband signal processing unit 14 is coupled to the M second signal conversion units 13 .

In an uplink path, the signal transceiver unit 121 receives the first wireless signal transmitted from the user equipment through the antenna sub-array 11, and then transmits a first analog baseband signal to the analog baseband signal processing unit 122 . Continuing, the analog baseband signal processing unit 122 performs a first signal processing on the first analog baseband signal, and then the first signal conversion unit 123 completes the first analog baseband signal after the first signal processing. is converted into a first digital signal, and the second signal conversion unit 13 converts the first digital signal into a plurality of first frequency-domain signals (frequency-domain signals) transmitted in parallel, and finally the fundamental frequency signal processing unit 14 parallelizes The plurality of first frequency domain signals are received.

In a downstream transmission path (downlink path), the second signal conversion unit 13 receives a plurality of second frequency domain signals in parallel from the baseband signal processing unit 14, so as to convert the second frequency domain signals into serial transmission After a second digital signal is generated, the second digital signal is serially received by the first signal conversion unit 123 . Continuing, the first signal converting unit 123 converts the serially input second digital signal into a second analog baseband signal. Next, the analog baseband signal processing unit 122 performs a second signal processing on the second analog baseband signal, and the signal transceiver unit 121 converts the second analog baseband signal into a second analog signal, and finally transmits the signal through the The antenna sub-array 11 sends out a second wireless signal.

In more detail, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 , the signal transceiver unit 121 includes: a transceiver switch 1210 , a low noise amplifier 1211 , a downconverter 1212 , a power amplifier 1213 , and an upconverter 1214 . The transceiver switch 1210 has a first terminal T1, a second terminal T2 and a third terminal T3, and the first terminal T1 is coupled to the signal transmission port 11p of the antenna sub-array 11 . On the other hand, the low-noise amplifier (LNA) 1211 is coupled to the second terminal T2 of the transceiver switch 1210 , so as to receive signals from the user equipment through the transceiver switch 1210 and the antenna sub-array 11 The first wireless signal is sent out, and a signal amplification process is performed on the first wireless signal. In addition, the downconverter 1212 is coupled to the low noise amplifier (LNA) 1211 , the analog baseband signal processing unit 122 and an in-phase signal (In-phase signal) generated by a local oscillator (LO). I and a quadrature signal (Quadrature signal) Q, so as to perform a frequency reduction process on the first wireless signal according to the in-phase signal I and the quadrature signal Q, and then output the second analog baseband signal to the analog The baseband signal processing unit 122 .

The power amplifier (PA) 1213 is coupled to the third terminal T3 of the transceiver switch 1210 . Moreover, the upconverter 1214 is coupled between the power amplifier 1213 and the analog baseband signal processing unit 122, and is coupled to the in-phase signal I and the quadrature signal Q generated by the local oscillator at the same time. In terms of circuit function, the upconverter 1214 receives the second analog baseband signal transmitted by the analog baseband signal processing unit 122, and thereby compares the second analog signal according to the in-phase signal I and the quadrature signal Q The baseband signal is subjected to an up-conversion process, and then a second analog signal is generated to be sent to the power amplifier 1213 . Finally, after the power amplifier 1213 performs a power amplification process on the second analog signal, the second wireless signal is transmitted through the antenna sub-array 11 .

As shown in FIG. 3 , the analog baseband signal processing unit 122 includes: a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) 1221 , a first low-pass filter 1222 , and a first variable gain amplifier (VGA) ) 1223 , a first buffer 1224 , a second low-pass filter 1225 , and a second variable gain amplifier (VGA) 1226 . The transimpedance amplifier 1221 is coupled to the downconverter 1212 to receive the first analog fundamental frequency signal, so as to perform a transimpedance amplification process on the first analog fundamental frequency signal. The first low-pass filter 1222 is coupled to the transimpedance amplifier 1221 to receive the first analog fundamental frequency signal after the transimpedance amplification process, so as to perform a low-pass filtering process on the first analog fundamental frequency signal. The first variable gain amplifier 1223 is coupled to the first low-pass filter 1222 to receive the first analog fundamental frequency signal after the low-pass filtering process, so as to perform a gain modulation on the first analog fundamental frequency signal After processing, it is output to the first signal conversion unit 123 , and the first analog fundamental frequency signal is converted into a first digital signal by the first signal conversion unit 123 .

According to the above description, the first buffer 1224 is coupled to the first signal conversion unit 123 , and the second low-pass filter 1225 is coupled to the first buffer 1224 , so as to pass the first buffer 1224 from the first buffer 1224 The signal conversion unit 123 receives the second analog baseband signal, and then performs a low-pass filtering process on the second analog baseband signal. In addition, the second variable gain amplifier 1226 is coupled to the second low-pass filter 1225 to receive the second analog fundamental frequency signal after the low-pass filtering process, so as to perform a process on the second analog fundamental frequency signal. After the gain modulation process, it is output to the upconverter 1214, and the second analog baseband signal is subjected to an upscaling process according to the in-phase signal I and the quadrature signal Q, and then a second analog signal is transmitted to the power amplifier 1213.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the first signal conversion unit 123 includes an analog-to-digital converter 1232 and a digital-to-analog converter 1233 . Wherein, the analog-to-digital converter 1232 is coupled between the second buffer 1231 and the second signal conversion unit 13, so as to receive the completed signal from the first variable gain amplifier 1223 through the second buffer 1231. The first analog base frequency signal processed by the gain modulation is further converted into the first digital signal. In addition, the digital-to-analog converter 1233 is coupled between the second signal converting unit 13 and the first buffer 1224, so as to receive the serially input second digital signal from the second signal converting unit 13, and then convert the The second digital signal is converted into the second analog baseband signal.

Continue to refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 , and please refer to FIG. 4 at the same time, which shows a block diagram of the second signal conversion unit of the millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention. According to the design of the present invention, the second signal converting unit 13 includes: a cyclic prefix removing unit 131, a serial-to-parallel signal converter 132, a fast FFT conversion unit 133, an iFFT conversion unit 134, a parallel-to-serial signal converter 135, and a cyclic prefix inserter prefix inserting unit) 136. In more detail, the cyclic prefix remover 131 is coupled to the analog-to-digital converter 1232 to receive the first digital signal, so as to perform a cyclic prefix removal process on the first digital signal. In addition, the serial-parallel converter 132 is coupled to the cyclic prefix remover 131 for converting the first digital signal after the cyclic prefix removal process into a plurality of first time domain signals. Further, the fast Fourier converter 133 is coupled to the serial-parallel converter 132 to receive the plurality of first time domain signals in parallel, so as to convert them into the plurality of first frequency domain signals, and the base The frequency signal processing unit 14 receives the plurality of first frequency domain signals in parallel.

According to the above description, the inverse fast Fourier converter 134 is coupled to the fundamental frequency signal processing unit 14 to receive a plurality of second frequency domain signals in series, so as to convert them into a plurality of second time domain signals. And, the parallel-serial converter 135 is coupled to the inverse fast Fourier converter 134 to receive the plurality of second time domain signals in parallel, so as to convert the plurality of second time domain signals into the serially transmitted second digital signal. Further, the cyclic prefix inserter 136 is coupled to the parallel-serial converter 135 to receive the second digital signal serially, so that after performing a cyclic prefix insertion process on the second digital signal, the first digital signal is The two digital signals are sent to the digital-to-analog converter 1233, and the digital-to-analog converter 1233 converts the second digital signal into a second analog baseband signal. Finally, the signal transceiving unit 121 up-converts the second analog baseband signal, and transmits a second analog signal to the antenna sub-array 11, and the antenna sub-array 11 sends a second wireless signal out.

。同時，令所述M個天線子陣列11在接收N個所述用戶設備所傳送的第一無線信號之後，以其所述信號傳輸端口11p傳送一天線信號向量

至該上行基頻信號處理器。依此，必須設計讓所述上行基頻信號處理器14U能夠自適應地產生一上行權重矩陣

，從而使該天線信號向量

和該上行權重矩陣

的乘積為一估測信號向量

，亦即，滿足下式(2)。

………………………(2)According to the design of the present invention, the baseband signal processing unit 14 includes an uplink baseband signal processor. FIG. 5A shows a block diagram of the uplink baseband signal processor of the baseband signal processing unit of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5A , when there are N user equipments sharing a bandwidth resource of the millimeter-wave base station antenna system 1 at the same time, the mth antenna sub-array 11 receives the N users. The first wireless signal transmitted by the device, the first wireless signal is processed by the signal transceiver unit 121, the analog baseband signal processing unit 122, the first signal conversion unit 123, and the second signal conversion unit 13. The uplink baseband signal processor 14U of the baseband signal processing unit 14 receives a plurality of first frequency domain signals. Based on a carrier frequency, the plurality of first frequency domain signals are represented as a user equipment signal vector

. At the same time, after the M antenna sub-arrays 11 receive the first wireless signals transmitted by the N user equipments, use the signal transmission ports 11p to transmit an antenna signal vector

to the uplink baseband signal processor. Accordingly, it must be designed so that the uplink baseband signal processor 14U can adaptively generate an uplink weight matrix

, so that the antenna signal vector

and the uplink weight matrix

The product of is an estimated signal vector

, that is, the following formula (2) is satisfied.

………………………(2)

)之後，即使各所述用戶設備所傳送的無線信號的載波頻率改變(即，q值改變)，該估測信號向量

皆會趨近於該用戶設備信號向量

。After adaptively generating the uplink weight matrix (

), even if the carrier frequency of the wireless signal transmitted by each user equipment changes (ie, the q value changes), the estimated signal vector

will approach the user equipment signal vector

.

，所述M個天線子陣列11對應於所述載波信號的一輸出信號表示為一天線信號向量

，且所述載波信號由N個所述用戶設備接收後表示為一第二用戶設備信號向量

。依此，必須設計讓所述下行基頻信號處理器14D能夠自適應地產生一下行權重矩陣

，從而使該第一用戶設備信號向量

和該下行權重矩陣

的乘積為該天線信號向量

，亦即，滿足下式(3)。

………………………(3)According to the design of the present invention, the baseband signal processing unit 14 further includes a downlink baseband signal processor. FIG. 5B shows a block diagram of the downlink baseband signal processor of the baseband signal processing unit of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5B , when there are N user equipments sharing a bandwidth resource of the millimeter-wave base station antenna system 1 at the same time, the downlink baseband signal of the baseband signal processing unit 14 In the processor 14D, a carrier signal prepared to be transmitted to the N user equipments is represented as a first user equipment signal vector

, an output signal of the M antenna sub-arrays 11 corresponding to the carrier signal is represented as an antenna signal vector

, and the carrier signal is expressed as a second user equipment signal vector after being received by the N user equipments

. Accordingly, it must be designed so that the downlink baseband signal processor 14D can adaptively generate the downlink weight matrix

, so that the first UE signal vector

and the downlink weight matrix

The product of is the antenna signal vector

, that is, the following formula (3) is satisfied.

……………………(3)

之後，該第一用戶設備信號向量

在各個載波頻率下皆會趨近於該第二用戶設備信號向量

。The downlink weight matrix is adaptively generated in

After that, the first user equipment signal vector

will approach the second UE signal vector at each carrier frequency

.

Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) signal processing

，其中m表示「第m個」天線子陣列11。故而，第m個天線子陣列11接收由用戶設備所傳送的一領航信號(Pilot signal)之後，所述第一頻域信號表示為

即由下式(4)所表示。

………………………(4)As can be seen from the foregoing description, the technical feature of the present invention is that, under the condition that x≧2 and the overlapping degree is highly overlapping, each of the antenna sub-arrays 11 has a directional gain in the direction of the user equipment. gain), and after performing a maximum ratio combining (MRC) signal processing on an output signal of each of the signal transmission ports 11p, an effective gain of the M antenna sub-arrays 11 is a single x times the directivity gain. As shown in FIG. 1 , the second signal conversion unit 13 converts the first digital signal transmitted by the first signal conversion unit 123 into a plurality of first frequency domain signals and transmits them to the baseband signal processing unit 14 in parallel. Therefore, the first frequency domain signal can be expressed as

, where m represents the "mth" antenna sub-array 11 . Therefore, after the mth antenna sub-array 11 receives a pilot signal (Pilot signal) transmitted by the user equipment, the first frequency domain signal is expressed as

That is, it is represented by the following formula (4).

……………………(4)

為第m個所述天線子陣列11與用戶設備所傳送的領航信號之間的一通道響應矩陣。由於

為已知，且

為可量(估)測，故而利用式(4)可以獲得通道響應

。之後，用戶設備傳送一未知無線信號

，基頻信號處理單元14自第m個天線子陣列11的信號傳輸端口11p所接收的一輸出信號可以由下式(5)表示。

………………………(5)In the above formula (4),

is a channel response matrix between the mth antenna sub-array 11 and the pilot signal transmitted by the user equipment. because

is known, and

In order to be quantifiable (estimated), the channel response can be obtained by using equation (4).

. After that, the user equipment transmits an unknown wireless signal

, an output signal received by the fundamental frequency signal processing unit 14 from the signal transmission port 11p of the mth antenna sub-array 11 can be represented by the following equation (5).

……………………(5)

以下式(6)表示。

………………………(6)Further, a sum signal received by the fundamental frequency signal processing unit 14 can be

It is represented by the following formula (6).

……………………(6)

………………………(7)

………………………(8)Further, after the following formula (7) is substituted into the above formula (6), the following formula (8) can be obtained.

……………………(7)

………………………(8)

為由該基頻信號處理單元14所接收的一總和信號，

為由所述用戶設備所傳送的一無線信號(經轉換成頻域信號後表示為

)，且

為第m個所述天線子陣列11與所述無線信號之間的一通道響應。並且，經過MRC處理後所述M個天線子陣列11之一等效增益(effective gain)可由下式(9)表示。

………………………(9)Therefore, the maximum ratio combined signal processing can be realized by using the above formula (8); wherein,

is a sum signal received by the baseband signal processing unit 14,

is a wireless signal transmitted by the user equipment (after being converted into a frequency domain signal, expressed as

),and

is a channel response between the mth antenna sub-array 11 and the wireless signal. Moreover, after the MRC processing, the effective gain of one of the M antenna sub-arrays 11 can be represented by the following formula (9).

………………………(9)

。依此，可以將第m個天線子陣列11的天線輻射場型以下式(10)表示。

………………………(10)In the above formula (9), G _T is the equivalent gain, and Gm is a directional gain of the antenna sub-array 11 in the direction of the user equipment. It should be understood that the higher the degree of overlap of two adjacent main beams (antenna radiation pattern), the greater the number of sub-arrays, and the greater the aperture size of the entire antenna. In an experimental example, the antenna sub-array 11 is made to include six antenna elements, and there is a distance between all the antenna elements, and the distance is

. Accordingly, the antenna radiation field pattern of the m-th antenna sub-array 11 can be expressed by the following formula (10).

……………………(10)

，則可以計算零零波束寬(null-to-null beamwidth)為

，且半功率波束寬(亦稱為3dB波束寬)為

。make

, then the null-to-null beamwidth can be calculated as

, and the half-power beamwidth (also known as the 3dB beamwidth) is

.

=

。相反地，在令x=1而使得所述重疊程度為低度重疊(loosely overlapping)的情況下，可以計算出第m個天線子陣列11的對準方向和第m-1個天線子陣列11的該對準方向之間的角度差為

=

。Therefore, in the case where x=3 and the degree of overlap is highly overlapping, the alignment direction of the m-th antenna sub-array 11 and the alignment direction of the m-1-th antenna sub-array 11 can be calculated. The angular difference between the alignment directions is

=

. Conversely, when x=1 and the overlapping degree is loosely overlapping, the alignment direction of the m-th antenna sub-array 11 and the m-1-th antenna sub-array 11 can be calculated. The angular difference between this alignment direction is

=

.

的情況下，可以計算出本發明之毫米波基地台天線系統1所包含的天線子陣列11之組數

(組)。簡單地說，當本發明之毫米波基地台天線系統1包含10組天線子陣列11時，任二個相鄰的所述天線輻射場型即具高度重疊。同時，亦可計算各所述天線子陣列11的天線輻射場型的對準方向(Steering angle)為

。請參閱圖6A，其顯示在高度重疊的情況下各所述天線子陣列11在用戶設備的方向上所具有的方向性增益(directional gain)以及M個天線子陣列11經MRC結合後之一等效增益(effective gain)的量測數據圖。從圖3A的實驗數據可以發現，在令x=3而使得任二個相鄰的所述天線輻射場型具高度重疊的情況下，各所述天線子陣列11在用戶設備的方向上具有一方向性增益，且藉由最大比例合併信號處理可使得所述M個天線子陣列11之一等效增益為單一所述指向性增益的3倍。Further, let the azimuth cover the angle

In the case of , the number of groups of antenna sub-arrays 11 included in the millimeter-wave base station antenna system 1 of the present invention can be calculated

(Group). Simply put, when the millimeter-wave base station antenna system 1 of the present invention includes 10 sets of antenna sub-arrays 11, any two adjacent antenna radiation patterns are highly overlapping. At the same time, the alignment direction (Steering angle) of the antenna radiation pattern of each of the antenna sub-arrays 11 can also be calculated as

. Please refer to FIG. 6A , which shows the directional gain of each of the antenna sub-arrays 11 in the direction of the user equipment and one of the M antenna sub-arrays 11 after being combined by MRC, etc. Measured data graph of effective gain. It can be found from the experimental data in FIG. 3A that, in the case where x=3 and the radiation patterns of any two adjacent antennas are highly overlapped, each of the antenna sub-arrays 11 has a Directivity gain, and through maximum ratio combined signal processing, the equivalent gain of one of the M antenna sub-arrays 11 can be three times that of the single directivity gain.

的情況下，可以計算出低重疊度毫米波基地台天線系統1所包含的天線子陣列11之數量

。簡單地說，當毫米波基地台天線系統1包含4組天線子陣列11時，任二個相鄰的所述天線輻射場型具低度重疊。同時，還可計算出各所述天線子陣列11的天線輻射場型的對準方向(Steering angle)為

。請參閱圖6B，其顯示在低度重疊的情況下各所述天線子陣列11在用戶設備的方向上所具有的方向性增益(directional gain)以及M個天線子陣列11之一等效增益(effective gain)的量測數據圖。Similarly, in letting the azimuth cover the angle

In the case of , the number of antenna sub-arrays 11 included in the low-overlap millimeter-wave base station antenna system 1 can be calculated

. To put it simply, when the millimeter wave base station antenna system 1 includes four sets of antenna sub-arrays 11, any two adjacent antenna radiation patterns have a low degree of overlap. At the same time, the alignment direction (Steering angle) of the antenna radiation pattern of each of the antenna sub-arrays 11 can also be calculated as:

. Please refer to FIG. 6B , which shows the directional gain of each of the antenna sub-arrays 11 in the direction of the user equipment and the equivalent gain of one of the M antenna sub-arrays 11 ( effective gain) measurement data graph.

It can be found from the experimental data in FIG. 6B that when x=1 and the overlapping degree is loosely overlapping, the equivalent gain of one of the M antenna sub-arrays 11 is approximately The directivity gain of the antenna sub-array 11 is 1 time. In other words, under the condition that the overlapping degree is a low degree of overlapping, the equivalent gain of the M antenna sub-arrays 11 does not increase. Even so, the directivity gain of each antenna sub-array 11 and the equivalent gain of the M antenna sub-arrays 11 can be improved by increasing the number of antenna sub-arrays 11 and the number of antenna elements included in each antenna sub-array 11 (effective gain). FIG. 6C shows the directional gain of each of the antenna sub-arrays 11 in the direction of the user equipment and the measurement data diagram of the equivalent gain of one of the M antenna sub-arrays 11 . As shown in FIG. 6C , when the overlapping degree is low, after increasing the number of antenna sub-arrays 11 and antenna elements to 10 groups and 18, respectively, the directivity gain and the equivalent gain are both significant. promote. However, it should be understood that increasing the number of antenna sub-arrays 11 and antenna elements to 10 groups and 18 elements, respectively, will greatly increase the overall size and construction cost of the millimeter-wave base station antenna system.

Thus, the above has completely and clearly described a millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention; and, from the above, it can be known that the present invention has the following advantages:

；並且，在令x≧2而使得任二個相鄰的所述主波束具高度重疊的情況下，各所述天線子陣列在用戶設備的方向上具有一方向性增益，且藉由最大比例合併信號處理可使得所述M個天線子陣列之一等效增益為單一所述指向性增益的x倍。依此設計概念，只要用戶設備進入該毫米波基地台天線系統的毫米波覆蓋範圍內，系統不需要消耗訊號負載(Overhead)去搜尋和追蹤該用戶設備，即可讓多個用戶設備透過OFDMA分享相同的頻寬資源，故而能夠大幅簡化基地台排程(Scheduling)的複雜度與限制，同時還能減少用戶設備連線的時間延遲。亦即，本發明的毫米波基地台天線系統在M個天線子陣列的主波束高度重疊的情況下，可讓位在一通信覆蓋角度θ範圍內之多個隨機分布的用戶獲得良好的通信服務。(1) The present invention discloses a millimeter-wave base station antenna system, which includes M antenna sub-arrays and a signal processing circuit; it is characterized in that the alignment directions of the antenna radiation patterns of any two adjacent antenna sub-arrays with angular difference:

and, in the case where x≧2 is used to make any two adjacent main beams have a high degree of overlap, each of the antenna sub-arrays has a directional gain in the direction of the user equipment, and by the maximum ratio Combined signal processing may result in an equivalent gain of one of the M antenna sub-arrays being x times the gain of a single directional gain. According to this design concept, as long as the user equipment enters the millimeter wave coverage of the millimeter wave base station antenna system, the system does not need to consume the signal overhead (Overhead) to search and track the user equipment, so that multiple user equipment can share through OFDMA. With the same bandwidth resources, the complexity and limitation of base station scheduling can be greatly simplified, and the time delay of user equipment connection can be reduced at the same time. That is, the millimeter wave base station antenna system of the present invention can allow a plurality of randomly distributed users within a communication coverage angle θ to obtain good communication services when the main beams of the M antenna sub-arrays are highly overlapped. .

(2) It is worth emphasizing that the millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention does not need to be equipped with any phase shifter. Therefore, in the process of transmitting/receiving millimeter-wave wireless signals, the millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention does not need to be equipped with any phase shifter. There will be additional insertion loss and heat loss, so stable wireless communication quality can be provided. At the same time, since the millimeter wave base station antenna system of the present invention does not use a phase shifter, the computational burden and hardware construction cost of the signal processing circuit can be greatly reduced.

It must be emphasized that the above-mentioned disclosure in this case is a preferred embodiment, and any partial changes or modifications originating from the technical ideas of this case and easily inferred by those who are familiar with the art are within the scope of the patent of this case. category of rights.

To sum up, regardless of the purpose, means and effect of this case, it shows that it is completely different from the conventional technology, and its first invention is practical, and it does meet the patent requirements of the invention. Society is to pray for the best.

1: mmWave base station antenna system 11: Antenna sub-array 11p: Signal transmission port 1A: Antenna Structure 1B: RF and analog signal processing module 121: Signal transceiver unit 1210: Transceiver switch 1211: Low Noise Amplifier 1212: Downconverter 1213: Power Amplifier 1214: Upconverter 122: Analog baseband signal processing unit 1221: Transimpedance amplifier 1222: first low pass filter 1223: First Variable Gain Amplifier 1224: first buffer 1225: Second low pass filter 1226: Second Variable Gain Amplifier 123: the first signal conversion unit 1231: Second buffer 1232: Analog to Digital Converter 1233: Digital to Analog Converter 1C: fundamental frequency signal processing unit 13: The second signal conversion unit 131: Cyclic prefix remover 132: Serial-Parallel Converter 133: Fast Fourier Transformers 134: Inverse Fast Fourier Transformer 135: Parallel-Serial Converter 136: Cycle Prefix Inserter 14: Baseband signal processing unit 14D: Downlink baseband signal processor 14U: Uplink baseband signal processor 11S: Substrate T1: first end T2: second end T3: The third end

1 shows a block diagram of a millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention; 2A shows a first structural diagram of the antenna module of the millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention, and FIG. 2B shows a second structural diagram of the antenna module of the millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention; 3 shows a block diagram of a radio frequency and analog signal processing module of the millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention; 4 shows a block diagram of the second signal conversion unit of the millimeter-wave base station antenna system of the present invention; 5A shows a block diagram of an uplink baseband signal processor of the baseband signal processing unit of the present invention; 5B shows a block diagram of the downlink baseband signal processor of the baseband signal processing unit of the present invention; FIG. 6A shows the directional gain of each of the antenna sub-arrays in the direction of a user equipment and the measurement of the effective gain of one of the M antenna sub-arrays under the condition of high overlap data graph; FIG. 6B shows the directional gain of each of the antenna sub-arrays in the direction of a user equipment and the effective gain of one of the M antenna sub-arrays in the case of low overlap. measurement data graphs; and FIG. 6C shows a measured data diagram of the directional gain of each of the antenna sub-arrays in the direction of a user equipment and the equivalent gain of one of the M antenna sub-arrays when M=18 and a low degree of overlap.

1: mmWave base station antenna system

11: Antenna sub-array

11p: Signal transmission port

1A: Antenna Structure

1B: RF and analog signal processing module

121: Signal transceiver unit

122: Analog baseband signal processing unit

123: the first signal conversion unit

1C: fundamental frequency signal processing unit

13: The second signal conversion unit

14: Baseband signal processing unit

Claims (10)

A millimeter wave base station antenna system 1 includes M antenna sub-arrays 11 and a signal processing circuit, wherein each of the antenna sub-arrays 11 has an antenna radiation pattern and a signal transmission port for coupling to the signal processing circuit 11p, and a plurality of the antenna radiation patterns have a plurality of alignment directions; it is characterized in that: among the M antenna sub-arrays 11, the antenna radiation pattern of the m-th antenna sub-array 11 and the antenna radiation pattern of the m-1th antenna sub-array 11 adjacent to it has a degree of overlap, M and m are both positive integers, and m≦M; in the mth antenna The alignment direction of the sub-array 11 is

, the alignment direction of the m-1th antenna sub-array 11 is

, the half-power beamwidth of each antenna sub-array 11 is

, and the alignment direction of the m-th antenna sub-array 11 and the alignment direction of the m-1-th antenna sub-array 11 have an angular difference of

case, the angle difference

, x is a beam overlap index; under the condition that x≧2 and the overlap degree is highly overlapped, each of the antenna sub-arrays 11 has a directional gain in the direction of the user equipment, and After performing a Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) signal processing on an output signal of each of the signal transmission ports 11p, an effective gain of the M antenna sub-arrays 11 is a single x times the directivity gain. The millimeter wave base station antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing circuit has a baseband signal processing unit 14, and the baseband signal processing unit includes an uplink baseband signal processor; wherein, in the presence of N In the case where all the user equipments share a bandwidth resource of the millimeter-wave base station antenna system at the same time, a carrier signal transmitted by each of the user equipments is represented as a user equipment signal vector

, and the M antenna sub-arrays 11 generate an antenna signal vector after receiving the carrier signals of the N user equipments

To the uplink baseband signal processor, the uplink baseband signal processor generates an uplink weight matrix (

), so that the antenna signal vector and the uplink weight matrix (

) is an estimated signal vector

, and the estimated signal vector

When each of the user equipments transmits each of the carrier signals, the signal vector of the user equipment is approximated

. The millimeter-wave base station antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the baseband signal processing unit 14 includes a downlink baseband signal processor; wherein, when there are N user equipments, the millimeter-wave base station antenna is shared at the same time In the case of a bandwidth resource of the system, a carrier signal transmitted to the N user equipments is represented as a first user equipment signal vector

, an output signal of the M antenna sub-arrays 11 corresponding to the carrier signal is represented as an antenna signal vector

, and let the carrier signal be expressed as a second user equipment signal vector after being received by the N user equipments

; The downlink baseband signal processor generates a downlink weight matrix (

), so that the first UE signal vector

and the downlink weight matrix (

) is the antenna signal vector

, so that the received signal vector of the second user equipment

approaching the first UE signal vector

. The millimeter-wave base station antenna system according to claim 2, wherein the maximum ratio combined signal processing is implemented using the following mathematical expression:

;in,

is a sum signal received by the baseband signal processing unit 14,

is a wireless signal transmitted by the user equipment, and

is a channel response between the mth antenna sub-array 11 and the wireless signal. The millimeter-wave base station antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the M antenna sub-arrays 11 are arranged on a substrate 11S, and the substrate 11S is selected from a group consisting of a flat substrate and a curved substrate any of the groups. The millimeter-wave base station antenna system according to claim 2, wherein the signal processing circuit further comprises: The M radio frequency and analog signal processing modules 1B are respectively coupled to the M signal transmission ports 11p, and each of the radio frequency and analog signal processing modules 1B includes: a signal transceiver unit 121 coupled to the signal transmission port 11p , an analog baseband signal processing unit 122 coupled to the signal transceiver unit 121, and a first signal conversion unit 123 coupled to the analog baseband signal processing unit 122; and M second signal conversion units 13, respectively coupled to the first signal conversion units 123; Wherein, in an uplink transmission path, the signal transceiver unit 121 receives the first wireless signal transmitted from the user equipment through the antenna sub-array 11, thereby transmitting a first analog baseband signal to the analog baseband signal Processing unit 122; the analog baseband signal processing unit 122 performs a first signal processing on the first analog baseband signal, and then the first signal conversion unit 123 converts the first analog baseband signal into a first digital signal , and the second signal converting unit 13 converts the first digital signal into a plurality of first frequency domain signals and transmits them to the fundamental frequency signal processing unit 14 in parallel; Wherein, in the downlink transmission path, the second signal converting unit 13 receives a plurality of second frequency domain signals in parallel from the fundamental frequency signal processing unit 14, so that after converting the second frequency domain signal into a second digital signal , the second digital signal is serially transmitted to the first signal conversion unit 123; the first signal conversion unit 123 converts the serially inputted second digital signal into a second analog baseband signal, and then the analog baseband The frequency signal processing unit 122 performs a second signal processing on the second analog baseband signal; the signal transceiver unit 121 converts the second analog baseband signal into a second analog signal, and sends a signal through the antenna sub-array 11. second wireless signal. The millimeter wave base station antenna system according to claim 6, wherein the signal transceiving unit 121 includes: a transceiver switch 1210, having a first end T1, a second end T2 and a third end T3, and the first end T1 of which is coupled to the signal transmission port 11p of the antenna sub-array 11; A low noise amplifier 1211 is coupled to the second end T2 of the transceiver switch 1210, so as to receive the first wireless signal sent by the user equipment through the transceiver switch 1210 and the antenna sub-array 11, and to The first wireless signal performs a signal amplification process; A down-converter 1212, coupled to the low noise amplifier 1211, the analog baseband signal processing unit 122, and an in-phase signal (In-phase signal) I and a positive signal generated by a local oscillator (LO) a quadrature signal Q, so as to perform a down-frequency process on the first wireless signal according to the in-phase signal I and the quadrature signal Q, and then output the second analog baseband signal; a power amplifier 1213 coupled to the third terminal T3 of the transceiver switch 1210; and An up-converter 1214 is coupled between the power amplifier 1213 and the analog baseband signal processing unit 122, and is simultaneously coupled to the in-phase signal I and the quadrature signal Q generated by the local oscillator; wherein , the upconverter 1214 receives the second analog fundamental frequency signal transmitted by the analog fundamental frequency signal processing unit 122, so as to perform a After upscaling, a second analog signal is then sent to the power amplifier 1213 . The power amplifier 1213 performs a power amplification process on the second analog signal, and then sends the second wireless signal through the antenna sub-array 11 . The millimeter wave base station antenna system according to claim 7, wherein the analog baseband signal processing unit 122 includes: a transimpedance amplifier 1221, coupled to the downconverter 1212 to receive the first analog fundamental frequency signal, so as to perform a transimpedance amplification process on the first analog fundamental frequency signal; a first low-pass filter 1222, coupled to the transimpedance amplifier 1221 to receive the first analog fundamental frequency signal after the transimpedance amplification process, so as to perform a low-pass filtering process on the first analog fundamental frequency signal; A first variable gain amplifier 1223, coupled to the first low-pass filter 1222 to receive the first analog baseband signal after the low-pass filtering process, so as to perform a gain adjustment on the first analog baseband signal After transformation, it is output to the first signal conversion unit 123; a first buffer 1224, coupled to the first signal conversion unit 123; A second low-pass filter 1225 is coupled to the first buffer 1224 to receive the second analog baseband signal from the first signal conversion unit 123 through the first buffer 1224, and then the second analog performing a low-pass filtering process on the baseband signal; and A second variable gain amplifier 1226 is coupled to the second low-pass filter 1225 to receive the second analog fundamental frequency signal after the low-pass filtering process, so as to perform a gain on the second analog fundamental frequency signal It is output to the upconverter 1214 after modulation processing. The millimeter wave base station antenna system according to claim 8, wherein the first signal conversion unit 123 includes: a second buffer 1231 coupled to the first variable gain amplifier 1223; An analog-to-digital converter 1232 is coupled between the second buffer 1231 and the second signal converting unit 13 , so as to receive the completed signal from the first variable gain amplifier 1223 through the second buffer 1231 Gain modulating the first analog baseband signal, and then convert the first analog baseband signal into the first digital signal; and A digital-to-analog converter 1233 is coupled between the second signal conversion unit 13 and the first buffer 1224, so as to receive the serially input second digital signal from the second signal conversion unit 13, and then convert the The second digital signal is converted into the second analog baseband signal. The millimeter wave base station antenna system according to claim 9, wherein the second signal conversion unit 13 includes: a cyclic prefix remover 131, coupled to the analog-to-digital converter 1232 to receive the first digital signal, so as to perform a cyclic prefix removal process on the first digital signal; a serial-parallel converter 132, coupled to the cyclic prefix remover 131, for converting the first digital signal after the cyclic prefix removal process into a plurality of first time domain signals; a fast Fourier converter 133, coupled to the serial-parallel converter 132 to receive the plurality of first time domain signals in parallel, so as to convert them into the plurality of first frequency domain signals; an inverse fast Fourier converter 134, coupled to the fundamental frequency signal processing unit 14 to receive the plurality of second frequency domain signals in series, so as to convert the plurality of second time domain signals; a parallel-serial converter 135 coupled to the inverse fast Fourier converter 134 to receive the plurality of second time domain signals in parallel, so as to convert the plurality of second time domain signals into the serially transmitted first time domain signal two-digit signal; and A cyclic prefix inserter 136 is coupled to the parallel-serial converter 135 to receive the second digital signal serially, so that after performing a cyclic prefix insertion process on the second digital signal, the second digital signal is The signal is sent to the digital-to-analog converter 1233 .

Images