TW202205310A - Identifying, reducing health risks, and tracking occupancy in a facility - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed herein as methods, apparatuses, non-transitory computer readable media, and systems relating to reduction and/or identification of one or more health risks in a facility. For example, by sensing a bodily characteristic of an individual in a facility, e.g., by sensing at least one environmental characteristic. For example, by sensing surface cleanliness. For example, by tracking personnel in the facility. For example, by suggesting routes in an enclosure based at least in part in personnel concentration in the facility. Disclosed herein as methods, apparatuses, non-transitory computer readable media, and systems relating to monitoring occupancy of a facility.

Description

Identify, reduce health risks in facilities and track occupancy

related applications

This application claims U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63/159,814, filed March 11, 2021, entitled "IDENTIFYING, REDUCING HEALTH RISKS, AND TRACKING OCCUPANCY IN A FACILITY," and filed on November 19, 2020 U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/115,886 of "IDENTIFYING AND REDUCING HEALTH RISKS IN A FACILITY", U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/ of "SENSING ABNORMAL BODY CHARACTERISTICS OF ENCLOSURE OCCUPANTS", filed on June 18, 2020 041,002, and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62/993,617, filed March 23, 2020, entitled "SENSING ABNORMAL BODY CHARACTERISTICS OF ENCLOSURE OCCUPANTS." This application also claims priority as a continuation-in-part from International Patent Application No. PCT/US21/15378, filed on January 28, 2021, entitled "Sensor Calibration and Operation". Each of the patent applications listed above is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

A sensor can be configured (eg, designed) to measure one or more environmental characteristics, such as ambient temperature, humidity, environmental noise, carbon dioxide, and/or other aspects. It may be desirable to know whether one or more physical characteristics of an individual is abnormal such that it is indicative of a disease. For example, it may be beneficial to know whether an individual has a body temperature above normal in various settings. For example, in a private setting such as a home. For example, in non-private settings, such as in workplaces, hospitals, airports, restaurants, or correctional facilities (eg, jails or prisons). This need arises in consideration of any possible damage that an ill person may cause to others. When an individual is aware or suspects that his or her body temperature is elevated, such as when he is clearly unwell, the individual can test himself for a fever. In some locations, establishments may have incentives to prevent sick occupants in their establishments. For example, an industrial kitchen may wish to prevent sick employees from disposing of any food, eg, distributed to the general public. At times, detection can be challenging in, for example, ill persons with abnormal characteristics. For example, due to the individual's level of consciousness and/or due to the individual's impediment in leaking this information.

Accurately detecting an abnormal physical characteristic (eg, fever) of a person can sometimes be challenging when the physical characteristic varies (eg, greatly) among the persons. Sensors deployed to measure body characteristics may not be calibrated and/or may require daily calibration, which may be expensive and/or inconvenient. In addition, certain physical characteristics may have natural changes that do not indicate abnormality. Once an anomaly is detected, attempting to track the interactions of infected individuals and notify potentially exposed individuals for contact tracing purposes, while also maintaining privacy and data security can create additional challenges. At times, it may be advantageous to provide a way to reduce other occupants who have been exposed to the enclosure, eg, to reduce infection among individuals.

The various aspects disclosed herein alleviate at least in part one or more disadvantages associated with an individual's physical characteristics.

Various aspects disclosed herein relate to one or more sensors disposed in an environment with an occupant. The sensors sense various characteristics of the environment, such as environmental characteristics in a facility (eg, having an enclosure) that are affected by individuals. For example, temperature sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, humidity sensors, and/or sensors that sense volatile organic compounds may be affected by the presence of individuals in a facility (eg, having an enclosure). The environment in a facility (eg, having an enclosure) may be mapped by sensors in the facility (eg, having an enclosure). Properties of the environment may have gradients, such as near and/or due to the presence of individuals in the environment where individuals are present in the environment. For example, an environment can use a thermal array of sensors to show trends in environmental characteristics. The environment can be a normal place such as a workplace, airport, restaurant. The environment may be, for example, a dedicated examination environment in which testing of a single individual is permitted. The individual may be stationary or non-stationary during the test. For example, an individual may travel through the sensed environment, eg, during a test.

Various aspects disclosed herein involve the use of relative body property (eg, temperature) measurements by sensors. In some embodiments, evaluation of relative changes in characteristics is used (eg, as opposed to making decisions based on absolute magnitudes), eg, because temperature sensors do not have to accurately measure the absolute temperature of an occupant in order to accurately Measures the relative difference in temperature measurements made at different times. The sensor reads 100°F, while the actual temperature of the occupant is 98.6°F. However, certain sensors (eg, even if uncalibrated) may be consistent in accurately measuring changes (eg, within measurement error). For example, the temperature measured later is ±3°F from 100°F. Sensors can be in high-traffic areas of a building (eg, bathroom entrances, office entrances), and can read a person's physical characteristics (eg, forehead temperature) and transfer the temperature (eg, broadcast to receivers via electromagnetic beacons). The communication network is communicatively coupled to the phone application (eg, while the application remains activated without identifying people) or the building's control system. The control system may require the identification (ID) of the person. The identification may be general (eg, not include personally identifiable information (PII)). The ID can be a unique identifier. The storage device can store the sensor readings and the IDs of the sensors. Persons with (eg, substantially) the same physical characteristics may be tested at different locations in a facility (eg, with enclosures) (eg, buildings) on the same day and obtain different readings (eg, due to different sensing calibration status). Over time (eg, over a period of time), stored sensor readings corresponding to a particular sensor can be compared to analyze body characteristics based on relative changes.

The various aspects disclosed herein relate to artificial intelligence (eg, machine learning) software on an app and/or control system that can learn the typical body of that person over a period of time (eg, one month) Temperature (eg, for a plurality of sensors in a facility (eg, with an enclosure) that interact with the individual during the period). In some embodiments, if a person exhibits abnormal physical characteristics (eg, fever), the abnormality will be detected, the abnormality may be logged, and/or an event may be triggered. For example, when the body characteristic exceeds a threshold value (eg, when the body temperature differs by more than 3°F from a normal reading).

Various aspects disclosed herein involve the use of contact tracing to track individuals identified as potentially infected (eg, having abnormal physical characteristics as measured in a facility (eg, having an enclosure), or regarding abnormal physical characteristics and/or or whose illness is otherwise reported as positive).

In another aspect, a method for detecting physical characteristics of an individual in a facility (eg, having an enclosure) includes: (a) using at least one sensor to sense and/or identify an environment in which the individual is present (b) analyze (i) the sensed environmental property with respect to (ii) threshold values indicative of abnormal physical properties to generating an analysis; and (c) using the analysis to generate a report of the presence or absence of an indication of an abnormal physical characteristic of the individual.

In some embodiments, the environmental characteristic includes temperature, carbon dioxide, humidity, or volatile organic compounds. In some embodiments, the physical characteristic includes fever, breathing or sweating. In some embodiments, the environment includes the environment inside the facility (eg, having an enclosure) or the environment at an opening of the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the individual traverses the environment during the use of at least one sensor to sense and/or identify characteristics of the environment. In some embodiments, the individual is stationary for up to five seconds during the use of the at least one sensor to sense environmental characteristics. In some embodiments, the individual steps on the test platform to help sense environmental characteristics. In some embodiments, the individual passes through the opening to which the at least one sensor is attached during sensing of environmental characteristics. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the report includes the results of the report. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the report is sent to the individual in illegible form. In some embodiments, at least part of the report is sent to the individual in audio or tactile form. In some embodiments, the at least one sensor includes a plurality of sensors. In some embodiments, the at least one sensor includes a plurality of sensors disposed in a group. In some embodiments, at least one sensor is communicatively coupled (eg, connected) to a communication network. In some embodiments, the report is communicated to the individual's mobile device via a communication network. A mobile device may include circuitry (eg, a processor). The mobile device may be an electronic mobile device. In some embodiments, at least one sensor is communicatively coupled (eg, connected) to a control network of one or more devices in a control facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, at least one sensor is communicatively coupled (eg, wired and/or wirelessly connected) to a control network that controls the facility in which the facility is located (eg, having an enclosure) one or more devices. In some embodiments, at least one sensor is communicatively coupled (eg, connected) to a control network that controls the facility (eg, has an enclosure), eg, by taking into account analysis and/or reporting (eg, , facility) one or more devices. In some embodiments, at least one sensor is disposed in a frame located inside the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the method further includes changing at least a portion of the frame to construct a new frame. In some embodiments, the framing holds the framed item. In some embodiments, the method further includes altering the framed object to construct a new frame. In some embodiments, the method further includes interacting with the framed object by the user. In some embodiments, the method further includes providing, by the user, input to the framed object. In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving output from the framing object in response to the user. In some embodiments, the output from the frame object is received in response to (I) user input and/or (II) user identification. In some embodiments, the framing holds a framed object including a display structure, panel, window, or device. In some embodiments, the device includes an emitter, a sensor, an antenna, a radar, a dispenser, and/or an identification reader. In some embodiments, the emitter includes an illuminator, a buzzer, or a speaker. In some embodiments, the method further includes using the identification reader to identify the code including the visual code, the electromagnetic code, or the audible code. In some embodiments, the visual code contains text or images. In some embodiments, the visual code includes letters, numbers, lines or geometric shapes. In some embodiments, the visual code is a barcode or a quick response (QR) code. In some embodiments, the visual code includes machine-readable code. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic code includes ultra-wideband (UWB) radio waves, ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio waves, or radio waves used in global positioning systems (GPS). In some embodiments, the electromagnetic code includes electromagnetic waves having a frequency of at least about 300 MHz, 500 MHz, or 1200 MHz. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic code contains location or time data. In some embodiments, the identification utilizes Bluetooth, UWB, UHF and/or Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic code has a spatial capacity of at least about 1013 bits per second per square meter (bit/s/m²). In some embodiments, at least one sensor is disposed in a blocker configured to controllably block or allow a user to pass therethrough. In some embodiments, the stopper includes a first portion that is stationary and a second portion that controllably changes its position. In some embodiments, the first portion is a separator configured to separate one user from another. In some embodiments, the method further includes controlling the position of the second portion, at least in part, by the control system. In some embodiments, the method further includes using the control system to control one or more components of the facility in which the facility is positioned (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the method further includes controlling the position of the second portion, at least in part, by a user. In some embodiments, the second portion includes a transparent door. In some embodiments, the second portion includes a turnstile. In some embodiments, the method further includes altering at least a portion of the stopper to construct a new stopper. In some embodiments, the stopper is retained or communicatively coupled to the device. In some embodiments, the device includes an emitter, a sensor, an antenna, a radar, a dispenser, and/or a badge reader. In some embodiments, the emitter includes an illuminator, a buzzer, or a speaker. In some embodiments, the method further includes changing and/or swapping the device to construct a new stopper. In some embodiments, the method further includes interacting with the blocker by the user. In some embodiments, the method further includes providing, by the user, input to the blocker. In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving output from the blocker in response to the user. In some embodiments, the output from the blocker is received in response to (I) user input and/or (II) user identification. In some embodiments, the stopper includes a plate or display structure.

In another aspect, non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions when read by one or more processors cause a The or more processors perform the operations of any of the above methods.

In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are performed by one of the one or more processors. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are each performed by a different one of the one or more processors.

In another aspect, non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions when read by one or more processors cause a The processor or processors perform operations comprising: (a) using or instructing the use of a sensor system to sense a first identity having a first location at a first time and a first identity having a second location at a second time; Two identities, wherein a sensor system is operatively coupled to a local area network disposed in the facility, the sensor system including a first identity, a first location, a first time configured to sense and/or identify , a second identity, a second location, and a plurality of sensors at a second time; (b) tracking or instructing to track the movement of the first identity over a period of time to generate first tracking information, and tracking the second identity in the movement over the time period to generate the second tracking information; and (c) evaluating or indicating the distance from the first tracking information to the second tracking information relative to a distance threshold. In some embodiments, one or more processors are operatively (eg, communicatively) coupled to at least one sensor configured to sense and/or identify at least one environmental characteristic.

In some embodiments, the local area network is configured to facilitate control of at least one other device of the facility. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are performed by one of the one or more processors. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are each performed by a different one of the one or more processors.

In another aspect, an apparatus for detecting a physical characteristic of an individual in a facility (eg, having an enclosure) includes operatively (eg, communicatively) coupled to a device configured to sense and /or one or more controllers that identify at least one sensor of at least one environmental characteristic, the one or more controllers including circuitry configured to: (a) instruct the at least one sensor to sense and /or identify an environmental characteristic of the environment in which the individual is present that is significantly perturbed by the presence of the individual compared to the environment in which the individual is absent; (b) analysis or indication relative to (ii) threshold values indicative of abnormal physical characteristics Analyzing (i) the sensed environmental characteristics to generate an analysis; and (c) using or indicating the use of the analysis to generate a report that is indicative of the presence or absence of abnormal physical characteristics of the individual.

In some embodiments, one or more controllers are communicatively coupled to a network (eg, a local area network) configured for communication. In some embodiments, at least two of the at least one sensor are configured to sense and/or identify the same type of environmental characteristics. For example, the plurality of sensors may include a plurality of temperature sensors. In some embodiments, at least two of the at least one sensor are configured to sense and/or identify different types of environmental characteristics. For example, the plurality of sensors may include temperature sensors and humidity sensors. In some embodiments, the environmental characteristic includes temperature, carbon dioxide, humidity, or volatile organic compounds. A plurality of sensors can sense the same environmental characteristic and have the same sensor type. For example, the plurality of sensors may be temperature sensors as thermocouples. A plurality of sensors can sense the same environmental characteristic and have different sensor types. For example, the plurality of sensors may be temperature sensors including thermocouples and IR sensors. In some embodiments, the physical characteristic includes fever, breathing or sweating. In some embodiments, the environment includes the environment inside the facility (eg, having an enclosure) or the environment at an opening of the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, one or more sensors are communicatively coupled to one or more controllers. In some embodiments, the one or more controllers are configured to instruct the one or more sensors to detect individuals passing through the environment during use of the at least one sensor to sense and/or identify characteristics of the environment. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors and the at least one sensor have at least one common sensor. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors and the at least one sensor have at least one different sensor. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors and the at least one sensor have at least one common sensor type. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors and the at least one sensor are of at least one different sensor type. In some embodiments, one or more sensors are communicatively coupled to one or more controllers. In some embodiments, the one or more controllers are configured to instruct the one or more sensors to detect individuals that are stationary for up to five seconds during the use of the at least one sensor to sense and/or identify environmental characteristics . In some embodiments, one or more sensors are communicatively coupled to one or more controllers. In some embodiments, the one or more controllers are configured to instruct the one or more sensors to detect an individual stepping on the test platform to assist in sensing characteristics of the environment. In some embodiments, one or more sensors are communicatively coupled to one or more controllers. In some embodiments, the one or more controllers are configured to instruct the one or more sensors to detect individuals passing through the opening to which the at least one sensor is attached during sensing of environmental characteristics. In some embodiments, the one or more controllers are configured to send or instruct to send at least a portion of the report to the individual. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the report includes the results of the report. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the report is sent to the individual in illegible form. In some embodiments, the at least one sensor includes a plurality of sensors. In some embodiments, the at least one sensor includes a plurality of sensors disposed in a group. In some embodiments, at least one sensor is communicatively coupled (eg, connected) to a communication network. In some embodiments, the one or more controllers are configured to communicate or instruct the communication of reports to the individual's mobile device via the communication network. In some embodiments, one or more controllers are configured to control or instruct one or more devices in a control facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the one or more controllers are configured to control or instruct to control one or more devices in a facility in which the facility is located (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the one or more controllers are configured to control or instruct the operation of one or more devices in the control facility by taking into account analysis and/or reporting. In some embodiments, at least two of (a), (b) and (c) are controlled by the same controller of the one or more controllers. In some embodiments, at least two of (a), (b), and (c) are controlled by different ones of the one or more controllers. In some embodiments, at least one sensor is disposed in a frame located inside the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, at least a portion of the frame is configured to be changeable to construct a new frame. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to (i) identify or instruct to identify the new frame and/or one or more components of the new frame, and/or (ii) establish or instruct to establish at least one control communication between the controller and the new building block and/or establishing communication between the at least one controller and one or more components of the new building block. In some embodiments, the framing is configured to hold the framed object. In some embodiments, the framed object is configured for interaction by a user. In some embodiments, the framed object is configured for providing input by the user. In some embodiments, the frame is operatively coupled to at least one controller. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to receive output from the framing object in response to a user. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to receive output in response to (I) user input and/or (II) user identification. In some embodiments, the frame is configured to hold a framed object including a display structure, panel, window, or device. In some embodiments, the device includes an emitter, a sensor, an antenna, a radar, a dispenser, and/or an identification reader. In some embodiments, the emitter includes an illuminator, a buzzer, or a speaker. In some embodiments, the identification reader is configured to recognize visual codes, electromagnetic codes, or audible codes. In some embodiments, the visual code contains text or images. In some embodiments, the visual code includes letters, numbers, lines or geometric shapes. In some embodiments, the visual code is a barcode or a quick response (QR) code. In some embodiments, the visual code includes machine-readable code. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic code includes ultra-wideband (UWB) radio waves, ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio waves, or radio waves used in global positioning systems (GPS). In some embodiments, the electromagnetic code includes electromagnetic waves having a frequency of at least about 300 MHz, 500 MHz, or 1200 MHz. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic code contains location or time data. In some embodiments, the identification utilizes Bluetooth, UWB, UHF and/or Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic code has a spatial capacity of at least about 1013 bits per second per square meter (bit/s/m²). In some embodiments, the at least one sensor is disposed in a stopper configured to be operatively coupled to the at least one controller. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to (I) block or instruct to block a user from passing therethrough, or (II) allow or instruct to allow a user to pass therethrough. In some embodiments, the stopper includes a first portion that is stationary and a second portion that is configured to controllably change its position. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to change or instruct to change the position of the stopper. In some embodiments, the first portion is a separator configured to separate one user from another. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to at least partially control or instruct at least partially control the position of the second portion. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to control or instruct to control one or more components of a facility in which the facility is located (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the position of the second portion is configured for at least partial control by the user. In some embodiments, the second portion includes a transparent door. In some embodiments, the second portion includes a turnstile. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the blocker is configured to facilitate changing the configuration of the blocker to construct a new blocker. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to (i) identify or instruct to identify the new blocker and/or one or more components of the new blocker, and/or (ii) establish or instruct to establish at least one control communication between the new blocker and the new blocker and/or establish communication between the at least one controller and one or more components of the new blocker. In some embodiments, the stopper is configured to hold or is configured to be communicatively coupled to the device. In some embodiments, the device includes an emitter, a sensor, an antenna, a radar, a dispenser, and/or a badge reader. In some embodiments, the emitter includes an illuminator, a buzzer, or a speaker. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the blocker is configured to facilitate changing and/or swapping devices to construct a new blocker. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to (i) identify or instruct to identify the new blocker and/or one or more components of the new blocker, and/or (ii) establish or instruct to establish at least one control communication between the new blocker and the new blocker and/or establish communication between the at least one controller and one or more components of the new blocker. In some embodiments, the blocker is configured for interaction with a user. In some embodiments, the blocker is configured for receiving input from a user. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to be communicatively coupled to the stopper. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to receive output from the blocker in response to a user. In some embodiments, the output from the blocker is received in response to (I) user input and/or (II) user identification. In some embodiments, the stopper includes a plate or display structure.

In another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable product for detecting physical characteristics of an individual in a facility (eg, having an enclosure) includes one or more processors, the non-transitory computer-readable product including recording in instructions thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: (a) using at least one sensor to sense and/or identify presence Environmental properties of the individual's environment that are significantly perturbed by the presence of the individual compared to the absence of the individual in the environment; (b) analyze (i) sensed with respect to (ii) thresholds indicative of abnormal physical properties environmental characteristics to generate an analysis; and (c) use the analysis to generate a report of the presence or absence of an indication of an abnormal physical characteristic of the individual.

In some embodiments, the environmental characteristic includes temperature, carbon dioxide, humidity, or volatile organic compounds. In some embodiments, the physical characteristic includes fever, breathing or sweating. In some embodiments, the environment includes the environment inside the facility (eg, having an enclosure) or the environment at an opening of the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the operations further include detecting individuals passing through the environment during the use of the at least one sensor to sense and/or identify characteristics of the environment. In some embodiments, the operations further include detecting an individual that is stationary for up to five seconds during the use of the at least one sensor to sense and/or identify characteristics of the environment. In some embodiments, the operations further include detecting an individual stepping on the test platform to aid in sensing characteristics of the environment. In some embodiments, the operations further include detecting an individual passing through the opening to which the at least one sensor is attached during sensing the environmental characteristic. In some embodiments, the operations further include sending at least a portion of the report to the individual. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the report includes the results of the report. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the report is sent to the individual in illegible form. In some embodiments, at least part of the report is sent to the individual. In some embodiments, the at least one sensor includes a plurality of sensors. In some embodiments, the at least one sensor includes a plurality of sensors disposed in a group. In some embodiments, at least one sensor is communicatively coupled (eg, connected) to a communication network. In some embodiments, the operations further include communicating the report to the individual's mobile device via the communication network. In some embodiments, at least one sensor is communicatively coupled (eg, wired and/or wirelessly connected) to a control network of one or more devices in a control facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, at least one sensor is communicatively coupled (eg, wired and/or wirelessly connected) to a control network that controls the facility in which the facility is located (eg, having an enclosure) one or more devices. In some embodiments, at least one sensor is communicatively coupled (eg, connected) to a control network configured to control the facility, eg, by taking into account analysis and/or reporting (eg, with closed one or more devices in a body) (eg, a facility). In some embodiments, at least one sensor is disposed in a frame located inside the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the frame is configured to facilitate changing at least a portion of the frame to construct a new frame. In some embodiments, the operations include (i) identifying or instructing to identify the new frame and/or one or more components of the new frame, and/or (ii) establishing or instructing to establish a communication between the control system and the new frame Communicate and/or establish communication between the control system and one or more components of the new building block. In some embodiments, the framing is configured to hold the framed object. In some embodiments, the framing is configured to facilitate changing the framed object to construct a new framing. In some embodiments, the operations include (i) identifying or instructing to identify the new framing and/or changed framed objects, and/or (ii) establishing or instructing to establish communication between the control system and the new framing and/or Establishes communication between the control system and the framed object being changed. In some embodiments, the framed object is configured for interaction by a user. In some embodiments, the framed object is configured for a user to provide input to the framed object. In some embodiments, the operations include receiving output from the framing object in response to a user. In some embodiments, the output from the frame object is received in response to (I) user input and/or (II) user identification. In some embodiments, the frame is configured to hold a framed object including a display structure, panel, window, or device. In some embodiments, the device includes an emitter, a sensor, an antenna, a radar, a dispenser, and/or an identification reader. In some embodiments, the emitter includes an illuminator, a buzzer, or a speaker. In some embodiments, the operations include using an identification reader to identify code including a visual code, an electromagnetic code, or an audible code. In some embodiments, the visual code contains text or images. In some embodiments, the visual code includes letters, numbers, lines or geometric shapes. In some embodiments, the visual code is a barcode or a quick response (QR) code. In some embodiments, the visual code includes machine-readable code. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic code includes ultra-wideband (UWB) radio waves, ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio waves, or radio waves used in global positioning systems (GPS). In some embodiments, the electromagnetic code includes electromagnetic waves having a frequency of at least 300 MHz, 500 MHz, or 1200 MHz. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic code contains location or time data. In some embodiments, the operations include identifying the identification code based at least in part on Bluetooth, UWB, UHF and/or Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic code has a spatial capacity of at least about 1013 bits per second per square meter (bit/s/m²). In some embodiments, at least one sensor is disposed in a blocker configured to controllably block or allow a user to pass therethrough. In some embodiments, the stopper includes a first portion that is stationary and a second portion that controllably changes its position. In some embodiments, the first portion is a separator configured to separate one user from another. In some embodiments, operating includes controlling the position of the second portion, at least in part, by the control system. In some embodiments, the operation includes using a control system to control one or more components of the facility in which the facility is located (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, operating includes controlling the position of the second portion, at least in part, by a user. In some embodiments, the second portion includes a transparent door. In some embodiments, the second portion includes a turnstile. In some embodiments, the operations include facilitating changing at least a portion of the stopper to construct a new stopper. In some embodiments, facilitating the change includes (i) identifying the new blocker and/or one or more components of the new blocker, and/or (ii) establishing communication and/or establishing a control system and the new blocker Communication between the control system and one or more components of the new blocker. In some embodiments, the stopper is retained or communicatively coupled to the device. In some embodiments, the device includes an emitter, a sensor, an antenna, a radar, a dispenser, and/or a badge reader. In some embodiments, the emitter includes an illuminator, a buzzer, or a speaker. In some embodiments, operations include facilitating changes and/or swapping of devices to construct new stoppers. In some embodiments, facilitating the change includes (i) identifying the new blocker and/or one or more components of the new blocker, and/or (ii) establishing communication and/or establishing a control system and the new blocker Communication between the control system and one or more components of the new blocker. In some embodiments, the operation includes facilitating user interaction with the blocker. In some embodiments, the operation includes facilitating providing input to the blocker by the user. In some embodiments, the operations include facilitating receiving output from the blocker in response to a user. In some embodiments, the output from the blocker is received in response to (I) user input and/or (II) user identification. In some embodiments, the stopper comprises a plate or display structure.

In another aspect, a method of tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility (eg, having an enclosure) includes: (a) using a sensor system to sense and/or identify an individual having a first location at a first time a first identity and a second identity having a second location at a second time, wherein the sensor system is operatively coupled to a network (eg, a local area network) disposed in a facility (eg, having an enclosure), The sensor system includes a plurality of sensors configured to sense and/or identify a first identity, a first location, a first time, a second identity, a second location and a second time; (b) tracking movement of the first identity over time (eg, within a time period) to generate first tracking information, and tracking movement of the second identity over time (eg, within a time period) to generate second tracking information; and (c) evaluating the distance from the first tracking information to the second tracking information relative to a distance threshold.

In some embodiments, the local area network is configured to facilitate control of at least one other device of the facility. In some embodiments, the local area network is configured to facilitate control of the facility using, for example, a building management system. In some embodiments, the at least one other device includes (eg, each) at least one other device type. In some embodiments, at least one other device includes a sensor, an emitter, an antenna, a router, a media display, or a tintable window. In some embodiments, the at least one other device includes a serving device (eg, a printer, maker, or beverage dispenser). In some embodiments, at least some of the plurality of sensors are integrated into one or more device clusters. In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors and/or devices collectively comprise accelerometers. In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors includes at least one geographic location sensor for detecting (i) the first and second locations and/or (ii) the first and second identities. In some embodiments, the at least one geographic location sensor includes an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors includes a plurality of geographic location sensors that are synchronized in time (eg, time synchronized). In some embodiments, the geographic location sensor includes an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a camera for detecting (i) the first and second positions and/or (ii) the first and second identities. In some embodiments, the camera includes a sensor array having at least about 4000 sensors in its substantial length dimension. In some embodiments, the base length dimension includes length, width, radius, or delimiting radius. In some embodiments, the sensor array includes sensors including charge coupled devices (CCDs). In some embodiments, a sensor system includes a collective of devices comprising (i) a plurality of sensors, or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a collection of devices integrating a controller and/or a processor. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a collection of devices including a controller and/or a processor. In some embodiments, the sensor system is operatively coupled to a hierarchical control system including a plurality of controllers. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a collection of devices installed at fixed locations in a facility (eg, with an enclosure). In some embodiments, the fixation location is in or attached to a fixture of the facility (eg, with an enclosure). In some embodiments, the fixed location is a controlled entrance to the facility (eg, with an enclosure). In some embodiments, a facility (eg, having an enclosure) includes a facility, a building, and/or a room. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a collection of devices mounted or embedded in a non-fixture in a facility (eg, with an enclosure). In some embodiments, the method further comprises: (d) associating the first location and the first time with the first identity to generate the first association, and associating the second location and the second time with the second identity to generate the first association generating a second association; and (e) comparing the first association with the second association to evaluate the distance from the first identity to the second identity relative to a distance threshold. In some embodiments, the method further includes evaluating whether the first tracking information and the second tracking information are at a distance below the distance threshold for an accumulated time relative to the time threshold. In some embodiments, the sensor system is coupled to a network (eg, a local area network) disposed in a facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) includes wiring disposed in an enclosure of a facility (eg, disposed in an enclosure such as an enclosure of a building). In some embodiments, the method further includes transmitting power and communications over a single cable of a network (eg, a local area network). In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to transmit at least fourth or fifth generation cellular communications. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to transmit the data including the media. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to control the atmosphere of the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to control tintable windows disposed in the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to control the facility (eg, having an enclosure).

In another aspect, non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions when read by one or more processors cause a The or more processors perform the operations of any of the above methods.

In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are performed by one of the one or more processors. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are each performed by a different one of the one or more processors.

In another aspect, non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions when read by one or more processors cause a The processor or processors perform operations comprising: (a) using or instructing the use of a sensor system to sense a first identity having a first location at a first time and a first identity having a second location at a second time; Two identities, wherein a sensor system is operatively coupled to a local area network disposed in the facility, the sensor system including a first identity, a first location, a first time configured to sense and/or identify , a second identity, a second location, and a plurality of sensors at a second time; (b) tracking or instructing to track the movement of the first identity over a period of time to generate first tracking information, and tracking the second identity in the movement over the time period to generate the second tracking information; and (c) evaluating or indicating the distance from the first tracking information to the second tracking information relative to a distance threshold. In some embodiments, one or more processors are operatively coupled to a sensor system including a plurality of sensors configured to sense and/or identify at a first time A first identity having a first location and a second identity having a second location at a second time. In some embodiments, the sensor system is operatively coupled to a local area network disposed in the facility. In some embodiments, the one or more processors are configured to control at least one other device of the facility.

In some embodiments, the local area network is configured to facilitate control of at least one other device of the facility. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are performed by one of the one or more processors. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are each performed by a different one of the one or more processors.

In another aspect, an apparatus for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility (eg, having an enclosure), the apparatus includes at least one controller, the at least one controller including a circuit, the at least one controller being grouped The state is: (a) operatively coupled to a sensor system including a plurality of sensors configured to sense and/or identify a first location having a first location at a first time an identity and a second identity having a second location at a second time, the sensor system operatively coupled to a network (eg, a local area network) disposed in a facility (eg, having an enclosure); ( b) use or instruct the use of a sensor system to sense and/or identify a first identity having a first location at a first time and a second identity having a second location at a second time; (c) tracking or instructing tracking The movement of the first identity over time (eg, within a time period) to generate the first tracking information, and the tracking of the movement of the second identity over time (eg, within a time period) to generate or instruct the generation of the second identity tracking information; and (d) evaluating or indicating the distance from the first tracking information to the second tracking information relative to a distance threshold.

In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to control at least one other device of the facility. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to control the facility, eg, using a building management system. In some embodiments, the at least one other device includes (eg, each) at least one other device type. In some embodiments, at least one other device includes a sensor, an emitter, an antenna, a router, a media display, or a tintable window. In some embodiments, the at least one other device includes a serving device (eg, a printer, maker, or beverage dispenser). In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of sensors is integrated into a collective of devices including (i) a sensor or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors includes at least one geographic location sensor for detecting (i) the first and second locations and/or (ii) the first and second identities. In some embodiments, the at least one geographic location sensor includes an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors includes a plurality of geographic location sensors that are synchronized in time (eg, time synchronized). In some embodiments, the geographic location sensor includes an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a camera for detecting (i) the first and second positions and/or (ii) the first and second identities. In some embodiments, the camera includes a sensor array having at least about 4000 sensors in its substantial length dimension. In some embodiments, the base length dimension includes length, width, radius, or delimiting radius. In some embodiments, the sensor array includes sensors including charge coupled devices (CCDs). In some embodiments, a sensor system includes a collective of devices comprising (i) a plurality of sensors, or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. In some embodiments, a sensor system includes a collective of devices comprising (i) a plurality of sensors, or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a device collective that integrates a controller. In some embodiments, the sensor system is operatively coupled to a hierarchical control system including a plurality of controllers. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a collection of devices installed at fixed locations in a facility (eg, with an enclosure). In some embodiments, the fixation location is in or attached to a fixture of the facility (eg, with an enclosure). In some embodiments, the fixed location is a controlled entrance to the facility (eg, with an enclosure). In some embodiments, a facility (eg, having an enclosure) includes a facility, a building, and/or a room. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a collection of devices mounted or embedded in a non-fixture in a facility (eg, with an enclosure). In some embodiments, the at least one controller is further configured to: (d) cause or instruct to associate the first location and the first time with the first identity to create the first association, and to associate the second location and the second The time is associated with the second identity to generate the second association; and (e) comparing or instructing to compare the first association with the second association to evaluate the distance from the first identity to the second identity relative to a distance threshold. In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes evaluating whether the first tracking information and the second tracking information are at a distance below the distance threshold for an accumulated time relative to the time threshold. In some embodiments, the sensor system is coupled to a network (eg, a local area network) disposed in a facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) includes wiring disposed in an enclosure of a facility (eg, disposed in an enclosure such as an enclosure of a building). In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured for power and communication transfer over a single cable. In some embodiments, the network (eg, a local area network) is configured for at least fourth or fifth generation cellular communications. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured for data transfer including media. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured to couple to at least one antenna. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured to couple to a plurality of different sensor types. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured to couple to a building management system configured to manage the atmosphere of a facility (eg, with an enclosure). In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured to couple to the tintable window. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured to couple to a hierarchical control system that is configured to control the facility (eg, having an enclosure).

In another aspect, a method for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility (eg, having an enclosure) includes: (A) using a sensor system to detect placement in a facility (eg, having an enclosure) the identity of the first individual and the identity of the second individual; (B) using a sensor system to track the movement of the first individual across the first set of locations in the facility (eg, having an enclosure) during the first set of times, and tracking the movement of the second individual across the second set of locations in the facility (e.g., having an enclosure) during the second set of times; (C) associating the first set of locations and the first set of times with the first individual to generate a first association, and associating a second set of locations and a second set of times with the second individual to generate a second association; and (D) comparing the first association and the second association to evaluate from the first individual relative to a threshold value distance to the second entity.

In some embodiments, the sensor system is operatively coupled to a local area network configured to facilitate control of at least one other device of the facility. In some embodiments, the local area network is configured to facilitate control of the facility using, for example, a building management system. In some embodiments, the at least one other device includes (eg, each) at least one other device type. In some embodiments, at least one other device includes a sensor, an emitter, an antenna, a router, a media display, or a tintable window. In some embodiments, the at least one other device includes a serving device (eg, a printer, maker, or beverage dispenser). In some embodiments, detecting the identities of the first and second individuals occurs upon entry into the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the first set of locations and the second set of locations are specified according to a plurality of zones of a subdivided facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, associating a set of locations and times includes storing the plurality of time and zone locations according to the monitored movement in a plurality of buffers corresponding to the first and second individuals. In some embodiments, the plurality of buffers includes a first buffer corresponding to the first entity and a second buffer corresponding to the second entity. In some embodiments, comparing the first association with the second association is performed upon detection of a predetermined event associated with the first individual and/or the second individual. In some embodiments, (a) detecting identity and (b) tracking movement are performed, at least in part, by using a sensor system comprising a collection of devices comprising (i) a plurality of sensors or ( ii) Sensors and emitters. In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors include geographic location sensors for detecting (i) the first and second sets of locations and/or (ii) the first and second identities. In some embodiments, the geographic location sensor includes an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors includes a plurality of geographic location sensors that are synchronized in time (eg, time synchronized). In some embodiments, the geographic location sensor includes an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of sensors is included in the device collective. In some embodiments, the set of devices and/or the plurality of sensors include accelerometers. In some embodiments, the device collective includes (i) a sensor or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors include cameras for detecting the first identity and/or the second identity. In some embodiments, the camera includes a sensor array having at least about 4000 sensors in its substantial length dimension. In some embodiments, the base length dimension includes length, width, radius, or delimiting radius. In some embodiments, the sensor array includes sensors including charge coupled devices (CCDs). In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a plurality of sensors, wherein at least some of the plurality of sensors are integrated into one or more device clusters. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a collection of devices including a controller and/or a processor. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a collection of devices including a controller and/or a processor. In some embodiments, the sensor system is operatively coupled to a hierarchical control system including a plurality of controllers. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes at least one sensor housed in a collection of devices mounted at or in a fixture of a facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the sensor system is located in a controlled entrance of the facility (eg, with an enclosure). In some embodiments, a facility (eg, having an enclosure) includes a facility, a building, and/or a room. In some embodiments, at least one sensor of the sensor system is housed in a device collective that is mounted to or mounted to a non-fixed object installed in a facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the sensor system is coupled to a network (eg, a local area network) disposed in a facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) includes wiring disposed in an enclosure of a facility (eg, disposed in an enclosure such as an enclosure of a building). In some embodiments, the method further includes transmitting power and communications over a single cable of a network (eg, a local area network). In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to transmit at least fourth or fifth generation cellular communications. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to transmit the data including the media. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to control the atmosphere of the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to control tintable windows disposed in the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to control the facility (eg, having an enclosure).

In another aspect, non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions when read by one or more processors cause a The or more processors perform the operations of any of the above methods.

In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are performed by one of the one or more processors. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are each performed by a different one of the one or more processors.

In another aspect, non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions when read by one or more processors cause a the processor or processors perform operations comprising: (A) using or instructing the use of a sensor system to detect the identity of the first individual and the identity of the second individual positioned in the facility, the sensor system operating coupled to a local area network; (B) using a sensor system to track the movement of a first individual across a first set of locations in the facility during a first set of times, and to track a second individual during a second set of times movement across a second set of locations in the facility; (C) causing or instructing to associate the first set of locations and the first set of times with the first individual to create the first association, and to cause the second set of locations and the second set of times associating with the second individual to generate a second association; and (D) comparing or instructing to compare the first association with the second association to assess the distance from the first individual to the second individual relative to a threshold value. In some embodiments, one or more processors are operatively coupled to a sensor system configured to detect a first individual disposed in a facility (eg, having an enclosure) and The identity of the second individual.

In some embodiments, the local area network is configured to facilitate control of at least one other device of the facility. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are performed by one of the one or more processors. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are each performed by a different one of the one or more processors.

In another aspect, an apparatus for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility (eg, having an enclosure), the apparatus including at least one controller (eg, including circuitry) configured to : (A) operatively coupled to a sensor system configured to detect the identity of a first individual and the identity of a second individual disposed in a facility (eg, having an enclosure); (B) use or instruct the use of a sensor system to detect the identities of the first and second individuals housed in the facility (eg, having an enclosure); (C) use or instruct the use of the sensor system to track the first individual Movement of an individual across a first set of locations in a facility (eg, having an enclosure) during a first set of times, and tracking the movement of a second individual across a second set of locations in a facility (eg, having an enclosure) during a second set of times movement of the set of locations; (D) causing or instructing to associate a first set of locations and a first set of times with a first individual to create a first association, and causing or instructing to associate a second set of locations and a second set of times with a second individual associating to generate a second association; and (E) comparing or instructing to compare the first association with the second association to assess the distance from the first individual to the second individual relative to a threshold value.

In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to control at least one other device of the facility. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to control the facility, eg, using a building management system. In some embodiments, the at least one other device includes (eg, each) at least one other device type. In some embodiments, the at least one other device includes a sensor, an emitter, an antenna, a router, a media display, or a tintable window. In some embodiments, the at least one other device includes a serving device (eg, a printer, maker, or beverage dispenser). In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to detect or instruct the detection of the identities of the first and second individuals upon entry into the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the first set of locations and the second set of locations are specified according to a plurality of zones of a subdivided facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to cause or instruct to use by storing the plurality of times and zone positions according to the monitored movement in the plurality of buffers corresponding to the first and second individuals The location and time sets are associated. In some embodiments, the plurality of buffers includes a first buffer corresponding to the first entity and a second buffer corresponding to the second entity. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to compare or instruct to compare the first association with the second association upon detection of a predetermined event associated with the first individual and/or the second individual. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to (a) detect or indicate detection identities and (ii) track or indicate tracking movement is performed, at least in part, by using a sensor system that includes a collection of devices , the device collectively includes (i) a plurality of sensors or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors include geographic location sensors for detecting (i) the first and second sets of locations and/or (ii) the first and second identities. In some embodiments, the geographic location sensor includes an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors includes a plurality of geographic location sensors that are synchronized in time (eg, time synchronized). In some embodiments, the geographic location sensor includes an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of sensors is included in the device collective. In some embodiments, the set of devices and/or the plurality of sensors include accelerometers. In some embodiments, the device collective includes (i) a sensor or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors include cameras for detecting the first identity and/or the second identity. In some embodiments, the camera includes a sensor array having at least 4000 sensors in its substantial length dimension. In some embodiments, the base length dimension includes length, width, radius, or delimiting radius. In some embodiments, the sensor array includes sensors including charge coupled devices (CCDs). In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a plurality of sensors, wherein at least some of the plurality of sensors are integrated into one or more device clusters. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a collection of devices including a controller and/or a processor. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a collection of devices including a controller and/or a processor. In some embodiments, the sensor system is operatively coupled to a hierarchical control system including a plurality of controllers. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes at least one sensor housed in a collection of devices mounted at or in a fixture of a facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the sensor system is located in a controlled entrance of the facility (eg, with an enclosure). In some embodiments, a facility (eg, having an enclosure) includes a facility, a building, and/or a room. In some embodiments, at least one sensor of the sensor system is housed in a device collective that is mounted to or mounted to a non-fixed object installed in a facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the sensor system is coupled to a network (eg, a local area network) disposed in a facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) includes wiring disposed in an enclosure of a facility (eg, disposed in an enclosure of an enclosure). In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured for power and communication transfer over a single cable. In some embodiments, the network (eg, a local area network) is configured for at least fourth or fifth generation cellular communications. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured for data transfer including media. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured to couple to at least one antenna. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured to couple to a plurality of different sensor types. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured to couple to a building management system configured to manage the atmosphere of a facility (eg, with an enclosure). In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured to couple to the tintable window. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured to couple to a hierarchical control system that is configured to control the facility (eg, having an enclosure).

In another aspect, a method for monitoring surface disinfection includes: (A) using a sensor system to sense and/or identify a plurality of temperature samples of an object surface (eg, a surface) at a plurality of sample times; ( B) comparing successive temperature samples of the plurality of temperature samples to generate a comparison; (C) detecting a cleaning event when the comparison indicates a drop in temperature below a temperature threshold; (E) monitoring the elapsed time since the last cleaning event ; and (F) generating a notification when the elapsed time exceeds a time threshold.

In some embodiments, the sensor system is disposed in the facility and operatively coupled to the facility's local area network. In some embodiments, the local area network is configured to control at least one other device of a facility operatively coupled to the local area network. In some embodiments, the local area network is configured to facilitate control of the facility using, for example, a building management system. In some embodiments, the at least one other device includes (eg, each) at least one other device type. In some embodiments, the sensor system is coupled to a network (eg, a local area network) disposed in a facility (eg, having an enclosure) in which a surface (eg, an object surface) is disposed. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) includes wiring disposed in an enclosure of a facility (eg, disposed in an enclosure of an enclosure). In some embodiments, the method further includes transmitting power and communications over a single cable of a network (eg, a local area network). In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to transmit at least fourth or fifth generation cellular communications. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to transmit the data including the media. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to control the atmosphere of the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to control tintable windows disposed in the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to control the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the sensor system senses the temperature samples remotely. In some embodiments, the sample time repeats according to a predetermined sampling frequency. In some embodiments, the predetermined sampling frequency includes sampling one sample at intervals of at most one minute. In some embodiments, the number of consecutive temperature samples compared includes at least about 2, 5, 10, or 20 temperature samples. In some embodiments, notifications are sent to designated recipients or request recipients. In some embodiments, a sensor system includes at least one sensor integrated in a collection of devices including (i) a sensor or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes at least one sensor integrated into a collection of devices including (i) at least one controller or (ii) at least one processor. In some embodiments, the sensor system is operatively coupled to a hierarchical control system including a plurality of controllers.

In another aspect, non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for monitoring surface disinfection of a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions when read by one or more processors cause one or more a processor performs the operations of any of the above methods.

In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are performed by one of the one or more processors. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are each performed by a different one of the one or more processors.

In another aspect, non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for monitoring surface disinfection of a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions when read by one or more processors cause one or more a processor performs operations comprising: (A) sensing a plurality of temperature samples of the object surface at a plurality of sample times using or instructing to use a sensor system disposed in the facility and operatively coupled to the local area network of the facility; (B) comparing or indicating a comparison of successive temperature samples of the plurality of temperature samples to generate a comparison; (C) detecting or indicating when the comparison indicates a drop in temperature below a temperature threshold Detecting a cleaning event; (E) monitoring or instructing to monitor the elapsed time since the last cleaning event; and (F) generating or instructing to generate a notification when the elapsed time exceeds a time threshold. In some embodiments, one or more processors are operatively coupled to the sensor system.

In some embodiments, the local area network is configured to control at least one other device of a facility operatively coupled to the local area network. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are performed by one of the one or more processors. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are each performed by a different one of the one or more processors.

In another aspect, an apparatus for monitoring disinfection of surfaces (eg, of a facility), the apparatus comprising at least one controller (eg, comprising circuitry) configured to: (A) use or instruct to use a sensor system to sense and/or identify a plurality of temperature samples of an object surface (eg, a surface) at a plurality of sample times; (B) compare or instruct to compare successive ones of the plurality of temperature samples to generate a comparison ; (C) detect or instruct to detect a cleaning event when the comparison indicates a temperature drop below the temperature threshold; (E) monitor or instruct to monitor the elapsed time since the last cleaning event; and (F) when the elapsed time When the time threshold is exceeded, a notification is generated.

In some embodiments, at least one controller is operatively coupled to the sensor system. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to control or instruct to control at least one other device of the facility (eg, the other device to which the controller is configured to be operatively coupled). In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to facilitate controlling the facility, eg, using a building management system. In some embodiments, the at least one other device includes (eg, each) at least one other device type. In some embodiments, the sensor system is configured to sense temperature samples remotely. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to repeat the sample time according to a predetermined sampling frequency. In some embodiments, the predetermined sampling frequency includes sampling one sample at intervals of at most one minute. In some embodiments, the number of consecutive temperature samples compared includes at least about 2, 5, 10, or 20 temperature samples. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to send or instruct to send a notification to a designated recipient or request recipient. In some embodiments, a sensor system includes at least one sensor integrated into a collection of devices including (i) a sensor or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes at least one sensor integrated into a collection of devices including (i) at least one controller or (ii) at least one processor. In some embodiments, the sensor system is operatively coupled to a hierarchical control system including a plurality of controllers. In some embodiments, the sensor system is coupled to a network (eg, a local area network) disposed in a facility (eg, having an enclosure) in which a surface (eg, an object surface) is disposed. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) includes wiring disposed in an enclosure of a facility (eg, disposed in an enclosure of an enclosure). In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured for power and communication transfer over a single cable. In some embodiments, the network (eg, a local area network) is configured for at least fourth generation, or fifth generation cellular communications. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured for data transfer including media. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured to couple to at least one antenna. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured to couple to a plurality of different sensor types. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured to couple to a building management system configured to manage the atmosphere of a facility (eg, with an enclosure). In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured to couple to the tintable window. In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) is configured to couple to a hierarchical control system that is configured to control the facility (eg, having an enclosure).

In another aspect, a method of detecting a physical characteristic of an individual in a facility (eg, having an enclosure) comprises: (a) using a sensor system to sense and/or identify the presence of the individual on a plurality of occasions (b) analyze (i) a plurality of samples of environmental characteristic data and (ii) thresholds indicative of abnormal physical characteristics to generate an analysis; and (c) use the analysis to generate an analysis of the presence and/or absence of an individual Reports of indications of abnormal physical characteristics.

In some embodiments, the sensor system is disposed in the facility. In some embodiments, the sensor system is operatively coupled to a local area network configured to facilitate control of at least one other device of the facility. In some embodiments, the local area network is configured to facilitate control of the facility using, for example, a building management system. In some embodiments, the at least one other device includes (eg, each) at least one other device type. In some embodiments, the presence of individuals significantly perturbs environmental characteristics compared to the absence of individuals in the environment (eg, a facility of a facility (eg, with an enclosure)). In some embodiments, collecting the plurality of environmental characteristic data samples of the individual on the plurality of occasions is to quantify the normal physical characteristic of the individual, wherein the analyzing further comprises analyzing the relative difference between the most recent data sample in the data samples and the quantified normal state, And the threshold value is the difference threshold value. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a plurality of sensors. In some embodiments, a sensor system includes a collection of devices that house (i) a sensor and/or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. In some embodiments, the sensor system is communicatively coupled to a network (eg, a local area network) disposed in a facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) includes wiring disposed in an enclosure of a facility (eg, disposed in an enclosure of an enclosure). In some embodiments, the method further includes transmitting power and communications over a single cable of a network (eg, a local area network). In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to transmit at least fourth or fifth generation cellular communications. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to transmit the data including the media. In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to control the atmosphere of the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to control tintable windows disposed in the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the method further includes using a network (eg, a local area network) to control the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a plurality of devices disposed in a device collective, and wherein the device collective includes emitters, sensors, antennas, radars, dispensers, badge readers, geolocation technology, acceleration Take into account/or identify the reader. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes an electromagnetic sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a first electromagnetic sensor configured to detect a first radiation range, and a first electromagnetic sensor configured to detect a first radiation range having at least a portion that does not overlap the first radiation range Two second electromagnetic sensors in the radiation range. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes an infrared sensor, a visible light sensor, or a depth camera. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a web camera. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a visible light sensor and an invisible light sensor. In some embodiments, the invisible light includes infrared light. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a camera configured to distinguish an individual from its surroundings based at least in part on infrared radiation readings and/or visible radiation readings. In some embodiments, using the sensor system includes measuring at a rate of at least about every 2 seconds (sec), 1 sec, 0.5 sec, 0.25 sec, 0.2 sec, 0.15 sec, 0.1 sec, 0.05 sec, or 0.025 sec . The sensor system may include a camera. Camera can be configured to shoot at at least approximately 30 frames per second (frm/sec), 20 frm/sec, 10 frm/sec, 8 frm/sec, 6 frm/sec, 4 frm/sec, or 2 frm/sec . The sensing frequency (eg, the number of measurements made per second, such as the number of frames taken per second) can be adjusted (eg, manually and/or automatically using, eg, at least one controller that is part of a control system). Adjustment of the sensing rate may depend, at least in part, on the expected and/or average movement of occupants in the facility. For example, in an office setting, the average rate of movement (eg, speed) of occupants may be slower than the average rate of movement of occupants in a gymnasium. Adjustment of the sensing rate may depend, at least in part, on the expected and/or average movement of occupants in the space of the facility in which the sensor system is disposed. For example, at an airport or train station, the average rate of movement (eg, speed) of occupants in a waiting area may be slower than the average rate of movement of occupants in a transfer area (eg, from a security gate to a terminal). The average rate may comprise the mean, median or mode of the rates. Higher sensor sampling rates (eg, higher rates of sensor measurements, such as higher frames per second taken by cameras) may correspond to individuals in the facility or parts thereof (eg, spaces in the facility) the higher average moving rate. In some embodiments, the individual is positioned at a distance of at least about 1, 2, or 3 feet horizontally away from a sensor of the sensor system that senses environmental characteristics. In some embodiments, sensors that sense environmental characteristics have a horizontal and/or vertical field of view of at least about 45 degrees, 55 degrees, 75 degrees, or 110 degrees and are included in the sensor system. Sometimes a lower resolution camera that is sensitive to a wavelength range has a larger viewing angle than a higher resolution camera that is sensitive to the wavelength range. The wavelength range may include visible, ultraviolet, or infrared wavelength ranges. In some embodiments, the method further includes focusing at least one sensor of the sensor system on one or more facial landmark features of the individual to measure environmental characteristics. In some embodiments, the facial landmark features include the individual's eyes, eyebrows, and/or nose. In some embodiments, the method further includes focusing at least one sensor of the sensor system on a depth placement of the individual to measure environmental characteristics. In some embodiments, the method further includes focusing at least one sensor of the sensor system on a horizontal distance from the at least one sensor to the individual to measure the environmental characteristic. In some embodiments, the method further includes focusing the sensors at least in part by taking into account (i) at least one facial feature of the individual, and/or (ii) a horizontal displacement of the individual relative to the one or more sensors Measurement of at least one sensor of the system. In some embodiments, horizontal displacement is determined at least in part by using distance between facial landmark features of the individual, depth camera, and/or visible and invisible light electromagnetic sensor measurements. In some embodiments, analyzing the plurality of environmental characteristic data samples includes using a machine learning model that utilizes a learning set including measurements in the presence of the individual, in the presence of a black body, ground truth measurements, and/or simulated measurements . In some embodiments, evaluating characteristics includes filtering background measurements. In some embodiments, evaluating characteristics includes filtering environmental characteristics attributable to the background. In some embodiments, analyzing the plurality of environmental characteristic data samples includes using a machine learning model including a regression model or a classification model. In some embodiments, the sensor system is disposed within or attached to the frame. In some embodiments, the sensor system is placed in a public information query station configured to serve at least one user. In some embodiments, the sensor system is disposed in a public information query station that is configured to serve a plurality of users simultaneously from opposite sides of the public information query station. In some embodiments, the sensor system is disposed in a public information query station, and wherein the method further includes simultaneously serving a plurality of users at one side of the public information query station. In some embodiments, the sensor system is housed in a public information query station that includes a modular unit. In some embodiments, the sensor system is disposed in a public information query station that includes one or more media displays. In some embodiments, the sensor system is disposed in a public information query station, and wherein the method further includes interacting with one or more users remotely and/or contactlessly. In some embodiments, the sensor system is placed in a public information query station. In some embodiments, and wherein the method further comprises conditionally granting access to at least a portion of the facility.

In another aspect, non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for detecting physical characteristics of individuals in a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions when read by one or more processors The one or more processors are caused to perform the operations of any of the above methods.

In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are performed by one of the one or more processors. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are each performed by a different one of the one or more processors.

In another aspect, non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for detecting physical characteristics of individuals in a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions when read by one or more processors causing the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: (a) sensing, on a plurality of occasions, using or instructing the use of a sensor system disposed in the facility and operatively coupled to a local area network; (b) analyze or instruct to analyze (i) a plurality of samples of environmental characteristic data and (ii) threshold values indicative of abnormal physical characteristics to generate analysis; and (c) use or instruct use This analysis results in reports of the presence and/or absence of indications of abnormal physical characteristics of the individual. In some embodiments, one or more processors are operatively coupled to a sensor system configured to sense and/or identify characteristics of the environment.

In some embodiments, the local area network is configured to facilitate control of at least one other device of the facility. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are performed by one of the one or more processors. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are each performed by a different one of the one or more processors.

In another aspect, an apparatus for detecting physical characteristics of an individual in a facility (eg, having an enclosure), the apparatus comprising at least one controller (eg, comprising circuitry) configured to state to: (a) be operatively coupled to a sensor system configured to sense and/or identify characteristics of the environment; (b) use or instruct the use of the sensor system on a plurality of occasions to sense and/or or identify environmental characteristics in the presence of an individual; (b) analyze or indicate analysis of (i) a plurality of environmental characteristic data samples and (ii) differential thresholds indicative of abnormal physical characteristics to generate analysis; and (c) use or indicate use This analysis results in reports of the presence and/or absence of indications of abnormal physical characteristics of the individual.

In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to control or instruct to control at least one other device of the facility. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to control the facility, eg, using a building management system. In some embodiments, the at least one other device includes (eg, each) at least one other device type. In some embodiments, the presence of individuals significantly perturbs the environment characteristics compared to the absence of individuals in the environment. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to (i) collect or instruct the collection of a plurality of samples of environmental characteristic data of the individual on a plurality of occasions in order to quantify the normal physical characteristic of the individual, (ii) analyze or instruct to analyze the data The relative difference between the most recent data sample in the sample and the quantified normal, where the threshold is the difference threshold. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a plurality of sensors. In some embodiments, a sensor system includes a collection of devices that house (i) a sensor and/or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. In some embodiments, the sensor system is communicatively coupled to a network (eg, a local area network) disposed in a facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, a network (eg, a local area network) includes cables housed in an enclosure of a facility (eg, an enclosure of an enclosure). In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to transmit or instruct transmission of power and communications over a single cable of a network (eg, a local area network). In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to use or direct the use of a network (eg, a local area network) to transmit at least fourth or fifth generation cellular communications. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is further configured to use a network (eg, a local area network) to transmit data including media (eg, video, presentation, network streaming, and/or web pages). In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to use or direct the use of a network (eg, a local area network) to control the atmosphere of a facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to use or direct the use of a network (eg, a local area network) to control tintable windows disposed in a facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to use or direct the use of a network (eg, a local area network) to control the facility (eg, having an enclosure). In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a plurality of devices disposed in a device collective, and wherein the device collective includes emitters, sensors, antennas, radars, dispensers, badge readers, geolocation technology, acceleration Take into account/or identify the reader. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes an electromagnetic sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a first electromagnetic sensor configured to detect a first radiation range, and a first electromagnetic sensor configured to detect a first radiation range having at least a portion that does not overlap the first radiation range Two second electromagnetic sensors in the radiation range. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes an infrared sensor, a visible light sensor, or a depth camera. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a web camera. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a visible light sensor and an invisible light sensor. In some embodiments, the invisible light includes infrared light. In some embodiments, the sensor system includes a camera configured to distinguish an individual from its surroundings based at least in part on infrared radiation readings and/or visible radiation readings. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to use or instruct use of the sensor system, at least in part, by measuring at a rate of at least about every about 2 seconds or every 1 second. In some embodiments, the sensor system is configured to measure environmental characteristics when the individual is positioned at a distance of at least about 1, 2, or 3 feet horizontally away from a sensor of the sensor system, the sensor Configured to sense and/or identify environmental characteristics. In some embodiments, sensors that sense environmental characteristics have a horizontal and/or vertical field of view of at least about 45 degrees, 55 degrees, 75 degrees, or 110 degrees and are included in the sensor system. In some embodiments, at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to focus on one or more facial landmark features of the individual to measure environmental characteristics. In some embodiments, the facial landmark features include the individual's eyes, eyebrows, and/or nose. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to instruct at least one sensor of the sensor system to focus on the depth placement of the individual to measure environmental characteristics. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to instruct at least one sensor of the sensor system to focus on a horizontal distance from the at least one sensor to the individual to measure environmental characteristics. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to indicate at least in part by taking into account (i) at least one facial feature of the individual and/or (ii) a horizontal displacement of the individual relative to the one or more sensors At least one sensor of the sensor system focuses its measurements. In some embodiments, horizontal displacement is determined at least in part by using distance between facial landmark features of the individual, depth camera, and/or visible and invisible light electromagnetic sensor measurements. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to analyze or instruct to analyze a plurality of environmental characteristic data samples at least in part by using a machine learning model utilizing a learning set, the learning set including the presence of the individual, the presence of boldface time measurements, ground truth measurements and/or analog measurements. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to evaluate or instruct the evaluation characteristic at least in part by filtering background measurements. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to evaluate or indicate an evaluation characteristic at least in part by filtering the environmental characteristic attributable to the background. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to analyze or instruct to analyze the plurality of environmental characteristic data samples including at least in part by using a machine learning model including a regression model or a classification model. In some embodiments, the sensor system is disposed within or attached to the frame. In some embodiments, the sensor system is placed in a public information query station configured to serve at least one user. In some embodiments, the sensor system is disposed in a public information query station that is configured to serve a plurality of users simultaneously from opposite sides of the public information query station. In some embodiments, the sensor system is disposed in a public information query station that is configured to serve a plurality of users simultaneously at one side of the public information query station. In some embodiments, the sensor system is housed in a public information query station that includes a modular unit. In some embodiments, the sensor system is placed in a public information query station that includes one or more media displays. In some embodiments, the sensor system is placed in a public information query station that is configured to interact with one or more users remotely and/or contactlessly. In some embodiments, the sensor system is placed in a public information enquiry station configured to conditionally grant access to at least a portion of the facility.

In another aspect, a method of detecting occupancy in at least one enclosure of a facility, comprising: (a) using a sensor system to sense placement in at least one enclosure of a facility over a period of time (b) analyze the sensed body signatures during the time period to generate an analysis; and (c) determine at least a facility's at least one based on the analysis, at least in part The occupancy of a closed body.

In some embodiments, the sensor system is operatively coupled to the facility's local area network. In some embodiments, the local area network is configured to control at least one other device of the facility. In some embodiments, the local area network is configured to facilitate control of the facility using, for example, a building management system. In some embodiments, the at least one other device includes (eg, each) at least one other device type. In some embodiments, at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense electromagnetic radiation. In some embodiments, at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense infrared and/or visible radiation. In some embodiments, at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense the depth of at least one enclosure. In some embodiments, at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense ultra-broadband frequency radiation. In some embodiments, at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to move at least one individual. In some embodiments, the method further includes performing image processing on the body signature measured by the sensor system. In some embodiments, the method further includes performing movement analysis on the body signature measured by the sensor system. In some embodiments, the method further includes performing movement direction analysis on the body signature measured by the sensor system. In some embodiments, at least one sensor of the sensor system is positioned at the ceiling of the facility. In some embodiments, the at least one enclosure is a plurality of enclosures, and wherein determining occupancy of the at least one enclosure of the facility includes determining occupancy over time in each of the plurality of enclosures. In some embodiments, the analysis includes using a facility's occupancy, schedule and/or schedule database. In some embodiments, analyzing includes using an occupancy, schedule, and/or schedule database for one or more individuals in the facility.

In another aspect, an apparatus for detecting occupancy in at least one enclosure of a facility includes at least one controller configured to: (a) be operatively coupled to a sensor (b) use or instruct the use of a sensor system to sense, over a period of time, the physical signature of at least one individual housed in at least one enclosure of the facility, the body signature being characteristic of the individual; ( c) analyzing or instructing to analyze the sensed body signatures during the time period to generate an analysis; and (d) determining or instructing to determine occupancy of at least one enclosure of the facility based at least in part on the analysis.

In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to control or instruct to control at least one other device of the facility. In some embodiments, the at least one controller is configured to control the facility, eg, using a building management system. In some embodiments, the at least one other device includes (eg, each) at least one other device type. In some embodiments, at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense electromagnetic radiation. In some embodiments, at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense infrared and/or visible radiation. In some embodiments, at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense the depth of at least one enclosure. In some embodiments, at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense ultra-broadband frequency radiation. In some embodiments, at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to move at least one individual. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to perform or instruct to perform image processing of the body signature measured by the sensor system. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to perform or instruct to perform movement analysis of the body signature measured by the sensor system. In some embodiments, at least one controller is configured to perform or instruct to perform a direction of movement analysis of the body signature measured by the sensor system. In some embodiments, at least one sensor of the sensor system is positioned at the ceiling of the facility. In some embodiments, the at least one enclosure is a plurality of enclosures, and wherein determining occupancy of the at least one enclosure of the facility includes determining occupancy over time in each of the plurality of enclosures. In some embodiments, the analysis includes using a facility's occupancy, schedule and/or schedule database. In some embodiments, analyzing includes using an occupancy, schedule, and/or schedule database for one or more individuals in the facility.

In some embodiments, at least one controller disclosed herein includes a circuit (eg, an electrical circuit). At least one controller is configured in or includes the processor.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of using any of the systems and/or apparatus disclosed herein, eg, for their intended purposes.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides systems, apparatuses (eg, controllers) and/or non-transitory computer-readable media (eg, software) that implement any of the methods disclosed herein.

In another aspect, an apparatus includes at least one controller programmed to instruct means for implementing (eg, implementing) any of the methods disclosed herein, wherein at least one A controller is operatively coupled to the mechanism.

In another aspect, an apparatus includes at least one controller configured (eg, programmed) to implement (eg, implement) the methods disclosed herein. At least one controller can implement any of the methods disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, one of the at least one controllers is configured to perform two or more operations. In some embodiments, two different ones of the at least one controller are configured to each perform different operations.

In another aspect, a system includes at least one controller programmed to instruct at least one other device (or component thereof) and operation of the device (or component thereof), wherein the at least one The controller is operatively coupled to the device (or components thereof). An apparatus (or component thereof) may include any apparatus (or component thereof) disclosed herein. At least one controller may be directed to any of the devices (or components thereof) disclosed herein.

In another aspect, a computer software product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored therein program instructions that, when read by a computer, cause the computer to instruct the mechanisms disclosed herein to perform (eg, implement) any of the methods disclosed herein, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable medium is operatively coupled to the mechanism. A mechanism may include any device (or any component thereof) disclosed herein.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising machine-executable code that, when executed by one or more computer processors, implements the methods disclosed herein either.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising machine-executable code that, when executed by one or more computer processors, implements a controller (eg, as described herein) instructions disclosed in ).

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a computer system including one or more computer processors and a non-transitory computer-readable medium coupled thereto. A non-transitory computer-readable medium includes machine-executable code that, when executed by one or more computer processors, implements any of the methods disclosed herein and/or implements the methods disclosed herein Controller instructions.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides non-transitory computer-readable program instructions that, when read by one or more processors, cause one or more processors to execute Any operation of a method disclosed herein, any operation performed (or configured to perform) by an apparatus disclosed herein, and/or indicated (or configured to indicate) by an apparatus disclosed herein any operation.

In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, the program instructions are recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are performed by one of the one or more processors. In some embodiments, at least two of the operations are each performed by a different one of the one or more processors.

The contents of this Summary section are provided as a simplified introduction to the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of any invention disclosed herein or the scope of the appended claims.

Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following embodiments, in which only illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are shown and described. As will be realized, the present disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modification in various obvious respects, all without departing from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and descriptions are to be regarded as illustrative and not restrictive in nature.

These and other features and embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. References incorporated

All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification are incorporated herein by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be by reference way incorporated into the general.

While various embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions can occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed.

Terms such as "a/an" and "the" are not intended to refer to only the singular entity, but rather include the general class of particular instances that can be used for description. The terminology herein is used to describe specific embodiments of the invention, but their use does not delimit the invention.

Unless otherwise specified, when referring to a range, the range is meant to be inclusive. For example, a range between value 1 and value 2 is meant to be inclusive and includes both value 1 and value 2. An inclusive range will span any value from about 1 to about 2. The terms "adjacent" or "adjacent to" as used herein include "adjacent", "adjacent", "contacting" and "proximity."

As used herein, including within the scope of the claims, the conjunction "and/or" in a phrase such as "including X, Y, and/or Z" is meant to include any combination of X, Y, and Z or a plurality of X, Y and Z. For example, this phrase means to include X. For example, this phrase is meant to include Y. For example, this phrase is meant to include Z. For example, this phrase is meant to include X and Y. For example, this phrase is meant to include X and Z. For example, this phrase is meant to include Y and Z. For example, this phrase is meant to include plural Xs. For example, this phrase is meant to include plural Ys. For example, this phrase is meant to include a plurality of Z's. For example, this phrase is meant to include plural Xs and plural Ys. For example, the phrase is meant to include plural Xs and plural Zs. For example, the phrase is meant to include Y's and Z's. For example, the phrase is meant to include a plurality of X and Y. For example, the phrase is meant to include a plurality of X and Z. For example, this phrase is meant to include a plurality of Y and Z. For example, this phrase is meant to include X and plural Ys. For example, this phrase is meant to include X and a plurality of Z. For example, this phrase is meant to include Y and a plurality of Z.

The terms "operatively coupled" or "operatively connected" refer to the coupling (eg, connection) of a first element (eg, mechanism) to a second element to allow intended operation of the second and/or first element . Coupling may include physical or non-physical coupling. Non-physical coupling may include signal-induced coupling (eg, wireless coupling). Coupling may include physical coupling (eg, a physical connection) or non-physical coupling (eg, via wireless communication).

An element (eg, mechanism) that is "configured to" perform a function includes structural features that cause the element to perform that function. Structural features may include electrical features, such as circuits or circuit elements. Structural features may include electrical circuits (eg, including electrical or optical circuits). An electrical circuit may contain one or more wires. The optical circuit may include at least one optical element (eg, a beam splitter, mirror, lens, and/or optical fiber). Structural features may include mechanical features. Mechanical features may include latches, springs, closures, hinges, chassis, supports, fasteners or cantilevers, among others. Performing functions may include utilizing logical features. Logical features may include programmed instructions. The programmed instructions are executable by at least one processor. Programming instructions can be stored or encoded on a medium that can be accessed by one or more processors.

In some embodiments, the enclosure includes an area bounded by at least one structure. At least one structure may comprise at least one wall. An enclosure may contain and/or enclose one or more sub-enclosures. At least one wall may comprise metal (eg, steel), clay, stone, plastic, glass, stucco (eg, gypsum), polymer (eg, polyurethane, styrene, or vinyl), asbestos, fibers Glass, concrete (eg reinforced concrete), wood, paper or ceramic. At least one wall may contain wires, bricks, blocks (eg, cinder blocks), tiles, drywall, or framing (eg, steel frames).

In some embodiments, the plurality of devices are operatively (eg, communicatively) coupled to the control system. A plurality of devices may be placed in a facility (eg, including buildings and/or rooms). A control system may include a hierarchy of controllers. A device may include an emitter, a sensor, or a (eg, tintable) window (eg, an IGU). The device can be any device as disclosed herein. At least two of the plurality of devices may be of the same type. For example, two or more IGUs may be coupled to the control system. At least two of the plurality of devices may be of different types. For example, sensors and emitters can be coupled to a control system. Sometimes, the plurality of devices can include at least about 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 7500, 10000, 50000, 100000, or 500000 devices. The plurality of devices can have any number between the foregoing numbers (eg, from about 20 devices to about 500,000 devices, from about 20 devices to about 50 devices, from about 50 devices to about 500 devices, from about 500 devices to about 2,500 devices, from about 1,000 devices to about 5,000 devices, from about 5,000 devices to about 10,000 devices, from about 10,000 devices to about 100,000 devices, or from about 100,000 devices to about 500,000 devices). For example, the number of windows in a floor may be at least about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 or 50. The number of windows in a floor can be any number between the foregoing (eg, from 5 to 50, from 5 to 25, or from 25 to 50). In some cases, devices may be in multi-storey buildings. At least a portion of the floors of the multi-story building may have devices controlled by the control system (eg, at least a portion of the floors of the multi-story building may be controlled by the control system). For example, a multistory building may have at least about 2, 8, 10, 25, 50, 80, 100, 120, 140, or 160 floors controlled by the control system. The number of floors (eg, devices therein) controlled by the control system can be any number between the foregoing (eg, from about 2 to about 50, from about 25 to about 100, or from about 80 to about 160). A floor may have an area of at least about 150 square meters (m ² ), 250 m ² , 500 m ² , 1000 m ² , 1500 m ² or 2000 m ² . Floors can have an area between any of the foregoing floor area values (eg, from about 150 m ² to about 2000 m ² , from about 150 m ² to about 500 m ² , from about 250 m ² to about 1000 m 2 ) ² or from about 1000 m ² to about 2000 m ² ).

In some embodiments, the closure includes one or more openings. The one or more openings may be reversibly closed. One or more openings may be permanently open. The basic length dimension of the one or more openings may be relatively small relative to the basic length dimension of the walls defining the closure. The basic length dimension may include the diameter, length, width or height of the bounding circle. The base length scale may be abbreviated herein as "FLS". The surface of the one or more openings may be relatively small relative to the surface of the wall defining the closure. The open surface may be a percentage of the total surface of the wall. For example, the open surface may measure about 30%, 20%, 10%, 5% or 1% of the wall. Walls can include floors, ceilings, or side walls. The closable opening can be closed by at least one window or door. The enclosure may be at least a portion of the facility. The enclosure may contain at least a portion of the building. The buildings can be private buildings and/or commercial buildings. A building can contain one or more floors. A building (eg, its floors) may include at least one of the following: rooms, halls, foyers, attics, basements, balconies (eg, interior or exterior balconies), stairwells, hallways, elevator shafts, facades, mezzanine levels , attic, garage, porch (eg, enclosed porch), patio (eg, enclosed patio), cafeteria, and/or plumbing. In some embodiments, the enclosure may be stationary and/or movable (eg, a train, plane, ship, vehicle, or rocket).

In some embodiments, the enclosure encloses the atmosphere. The atmosphere may contain one or more gases. Gases may include inert gases (eg, argon or nitrogen) and/or non-inert gases (eg, oxygen or carbon dioxide). The enclosure atmosphere can be similar to the atmosphere outside the enclosure (eg, ambient atmosphere) in at least one external atmospheric property including: temperature, relative gas content, gas type (eg, humidity and/or oxygen content) ), debris (eg, dust and/or pollen), and/or gas velocity. The enclosure atmosphere may differ from the atmosphere outside the enclosure in at least one external atmospheric property including: temperature, relative gas content, gas type (eg, humidity and/or oxygen content), debris (eg, , dust and/or pollen) and/or gas velocity. For example, the enclosure atmosphere may be less humid (eg, drier) than the external (eg, ambient) atmosphere. For example, the enclosure atmosphere and the atmosphere outside the enclosure may contain the same (eg, or substantially similar) oxygen to nitrogen ratio. The velocity of the gas in the enclosure may be (eg, substantially) similar throughout the enclosure. The velocity of the gas in the enclosure can be different in different parts of the enclosure (eg, by flowing the gas through to a vent coupled to the enclosure).

Certain disclosed embodiments provide network infrastructure in an enclosure (eg, a facility such as a building). The network may be installed while constructing the enclosure of the enclosure (eg, building) and/or prior to constructing the interior of the enclosure. A network may include wiring (eg, cables) residing in an enclosure of an enclosure (eg, such as an exterior wall of an enclosure of a building). The network infrastructure may be used for various purposes, such as for providing communication and/or power services. Communication services may include high bandwidth (eg, wireless and/or wireline) communication services. Communication services may be directed to occupants of a facility (eg, a building) and/or users outside the facility. The network infrastructure may work in conjunction with or replace part of the infrastructure of one or more cellular operators. The network infrastructure may be provided in a facility that includes electrically switchable windows. Examples of components of a network infrastructure include high-speed backhaul. The network infrastructure may include at least one cable, switch, physical antenna, transceiver, sensor, transmitter, receiver, radio, processor and/or controller (which may include a processor). The network infrastructure is operably coupled to and/or includes a wireless network. Network infrastructure can include cabling. One or more sensors may be deployed (eg, installed) in the environment as part of and/or after installing the network. The network may be an encrypted network. A network may contain one or more layers of encryption.

In some embodiments, the network infrastructure is operatively coupled to one or more sensors disposed in the enclosure. The sensor can be configured to detect a characteristic of the environment that is affected by an individual present in the enclosure and/or any gradient of that characteristic in the environment. Sensors may be capable of sensing and/or identifying an individual's abnormal influence on characteristics of that environment (eg, overheating, sweat, VOC and/or carbon dioxide emissions). In some embodiments, the sensor is configured to sense and/or identify one or more bodily properties (eg, heat, sweat (eg, humidity), excreted and/or excreted (eg, directly) from the individual), VOCs (eg, odor) and/or carbon dioxide). Physical properties can include sebum or urine. VOCs can be reaction products of compounds excreted by an individual. For example, formaldehyde or (eg, cyclic) methylsiloxane. In some embodiments, the sensor is configured to sense and/or identify one or more physical characteristics of the individual (eg, directly sense the individual). The sensor is operably coupled to a network (eg, the network infrastructure disclosed herein). The sensed data may be analyzed and/or recorded. The analyzed data can be used to provide reports and/or alerts. For example, if the sensed data is limited to a rule, the analyzed data may send an alert. Rules can include whether the data is outside the threshold value window, inside the threshold value window, above the threshold value, or below the threshold value. Threshold values can be values or functions. Threshold values may evolve over time, eg, as more data becomes available. Rules may be predetermined, for example, by the user, by a third party, by global and/or jurisdictional standards, or by any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the abnormal physical characteristic is associated with a disease. Disease can be associated with inflammation. Diseases can include pathogens (eg, bacteria or viruses) associated infections. The pathogen may cause the common cold, pneumonia or flu-like symptoms. Pathogens may include Streptococcus. Pathogens can include rhinoviruses, influenza viruses or coronaviruses. Diseases can be associated with infectious diseases. The disease may be associated with respiratory and/or inflammatory disease. The disease can be associated with infectious disease of epithelial tissue and/or neurons. Illnesses can be associated with severe and/or acute illnesses. The disease can be associated with infections of the nose, ears and/or throat. A disease can be contagious (eg, transmitted by an individual). The disease can infect the bronchi and/or lungs. The disease can infect one or more internal organs and/or blood. Illness can include pneumonia or influenza. Diseases can be caused, for example, by microorganisms that invade at least one body tissue. The disease may be contagious with a _Ro -factor of at least about 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, or 3.

In some embodiments, one or more sensors may transmit analyzed data, reports and/or alerts. The transmission can be directed to the individual and/or the user. For example, a report can be transmitted to a party of interest. The party of interest may be the head of the facility, the facility owner, the user, the individual being tested. Data may be stored, analyzed and/or reported in accordance with jurisdictional rules and regulations. Reports, notifications, alerts and/or data may be transmitted to wired and/or wireless devices (eg, cellular telephones). For example, the tested individual may receive a sound, vibration, image, or written notification (eg, an alert). The transmission may contain encoding. The encoding may include one signal for abnormal properties (eg, indicative of a diseased individual), and a second signal for normal properties (eg, indicative of healthy individuals). For example, the person's cellular phone may vibrate once when the temperature sensor does not sense the person's high temperature, and vibrate twice when the temperature sensor senses the person's high temperature.

In some embodiments, the sensor is placed in the environment. The sensor may be attached to (or positioned within) at least one wall, ceiling or floor of the enclosure. In one example, a sensor or group of sensors may be positioned on or in the floor. The sensor group may include weight sensors, motion sensors and accelerometers, audio sensors, or optical sensors. At least one sensor in the group may be capable of sensing and/or identifying the presence of an individual, eg by: sensing the weight of the person, sensing the voice of the person, sensing light occlusion of the person, sensing related to the person Associate the proximity object. For example, when an individual resides on a platform coupled to a weight sensor, the weight sensor may be capable of sensing and/or identifying the weight associated with the individual. For example, when an individual blocks light (eg, IR light) sensed by the optical sensor, the optical sensor may be able to sense and/or identify the light blockage. The requested location of an individual (eg, a test station) can be marked on the floor (eg, in the form of a shape such as a circle, square, or the letter X). The sensor can be mounted on a door (eg, a door frame) or a window (eg, a window frame). Closures can facilitate testing of a single individual or multiple individuals. A single test station (eg, a public information inquiry station), or a plurality of test stations may be housed in the enclosure. The test stations of the plurality of test stations may be sufficiently far apart to prevent contamination between individuals in the same room (eg, to prevent contamination of individuals from each other). Distances may be predefined and/or adjusted and/or defined according to jurisdictional, global and/or third party standards. Personnel are free to walk and/or pass the designated test area or remain there for a period of time. The time that the individual may be required to remain (eg, substantially) still on the test area may be at most about 1 second (sec), 3 sec, 5 sec, 10 sec, 30 sec, or 60 sec. The time that the individual may be required to remain (eg, substantially) still on the test area can be any value between the foregoing values (eg, from about 1 sec to about 60 sec, from about 1 sec to about 5 sec, from about 5 sec sec to about 30 sec or from about 30 sec to about 60 sec). An individual can pass the sensor and be tested on each pass. This may allow for multiple automated tests of an individual during the day, the multiple times being dependent on the number of times the individual passes through a testing station (eg, a sensor). Multiple test results may increase confidence in the results, reduce error values, and/or enable identification of relative changes between test results obtained at different times. If any of the sensors are of high fidelity, the sensors may be capable of absolute and/or relative fashion (eg, within a time period such as at least an hour, a day, a week, a month, or a year) ) provides information on trait trends in individuals. If the sensor is uncalibrated or uncalibrable and the sensor results are consistent over the life cycle, the sensor may be able to compare time period) provides information on trait trends in individuals.

1A shows an example of a vertical cross-section of an enclosure 100 (eg, a room) having an entity 101 therein, the enclosure having an environment 102 (eg, atmosphere) and a test platform 111 . The closure body has an inlet direction 104 and an outlet direction 105 . Individuals can enter the enclosure from the inlet direction and exit the enclosure through the outlet direction. The individual 102 may wait on the test platform 111 for a period of time for sensors to sense and/or identify environmental characteristics (eg, as indicated herein), or walk naturally through the test station. The individual 102 may have a communication device 106 to which the test analysis may be communicated. The communication device is communicatively coupled to a network (eg, network infrastructure) of the facility in which the enclosure is located. The communication device may be a mobile device (eg, a cellular phone, iPad, or laptop). The communication device may be a handheld device. The network can be configured to support at least fourth or fifth generation cellular network communications.

A test station (eg, a public information query station) may include one or more sensors that perform, for example, environmental localization and/or detection of the presence of individuals. The test station may not contain at least one sensor that performs environmental localization. The test station may not contain at least one sensor that detects the presence of the individual. For example, a weight sensor can detect the presence of an individual and be placed in the test platform. A temperature sensor that can detect the temperature of the environment in the enclosure can be placed in the test platform or elsewhere in the enclosure. For example, an optical sensor (eg, a sensor sensitive to electromagnetic radiation, such as in the infrared and/or visible range) can detect the presence of an individual and be placed in an enclosure outside the platform (eg, not in a test platform) ). The platform may be free of one or more sensors. The test platform can guide the individual where to position in order to (eg, optimally) perform the test. During testing, the access and/or access to the enclosure (eg, door) may be closed. The sensors may be placed at fixtures of a facility (eg, a test station, entrance hall, or conference room). Fixtures can include framing, walls, ceilings or floors. Frames can include door frames or window frames.

In some embodiments, the occupancy sensor is operatively coupled to the network. Occupancy sensors can be configured to sense and/or identify movement of occupants in (or into) a facility, electromagnetic radiation associated with the occupants, and/or identification tags of the occupants. For example, the sensors may include visible light or IR sensors. Occasionally, the occupancy sensor may not be able to identify the occupant. The IR sensor detects the thermal signature characteristics of an individual. An IR sensor may be part of a sensor system (eg, a collective of devices). Data from the IR sensor can be integrated with visible light data and/or motion data. The sensor system is operably coupled to the network and/or the facility's control system. Occupancy sensors (eg, as part of a sensing system) may be used to identify individuals in the enclosure of the facility in which the occupancy sensor is located, and/or users of the enclosure occupied by the occupant (eg, following time lapse). An occupancy sensor is operably coupled to the at least one processor. Occupancy sensors can be configured to detect movement of occupants. For example, an occupancy sensor can detect electromagnetic radiation emitted by and/or reflected from an occupant (eg, such as IR radiation that forms a thermal signature of an individual), which detection can occur over time. In some embodiments, using an occupancy sensor (eg, as part of a sensor system such as a collective of devices) includes at least about every 2 seconds (sec), 1 sec, 0.5 sec, 0.25 sec, 0.2 sec, 0.15 sec sec, 0.1 sec, 0.05 sec or 0.025 sec rate for measurement. The occupancy sensor may include a camera. Camera can be configured to shoot at at least approximately 30 frames per second (frm/sec), 20 frm/sec, 10 frm/sec, 8 frm/sec, 6 frm/sec, 4 frm/sec, or 2 frm/sec . The sensing frequency (eg, the number of measurements made per second, such as the number of frames taken per second) can be adjusted (eg, manually and/or automatically using, eg, at least one controller that is part of a control system). Cameras may include IR and/or visible light cameras. The sensor system can be configured, for example, relative to the facility, relative to the enclosure in which the occupant is positioned, and/or to detect the location of the occupant in absolute coordinates (eg, using GPS or any other anchored geolocation technology ). Occupant detection over time and space can be used to determine the occupant's movement (eg, including direction of movement). The direction of movement of the occupant may include utilizing a tracking algorithm. The determination of occupancy and/or movement of an occupant can be determined with an accuracy of at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99%. The tracking algorithm may be such as "Simple-object-tracking-with-opencv" published by Adrian Rosebrock on July 23, 2018 and available at https://www.pyimagesearch.com/2018/07/23/simple-object-tracking-with-opencv The tracking algorithm disclosed in "object tracking with OpenCV", which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Figure IB shows an example of a vertical cross-section of an enclosure 150 (eg, a room) with individuals 151, 152, and 153 therein, the enclosure having an environment 170 (eg, atmosphere) and a test platform on which the individuals stand and/or pass 161, 162, 163. The closure body has an inlet direction 181 and an outlet direction 182 . An individual may enter the enclosure through an opening (eg, a door) from the inlet direction and exit the enclosure through the outlet direction. FIG. 2A shows an example of a vertical cross-section of an enclosure 200 (eg, a room) having an entity 201 therein, the enclosure having an environment 202 (eg, the atmosphere) and sensors 211 . The closure body has an inlet direction 204 and an outlet direction 105 . Individuals can enter the enclosure from the inlet direction and exit the enclosure through the outlet direction. The individual 202 may enter through an opening (eg, a door) to which the sensor 211 is attached so that the sensor may sense environmental characteristics. The individual may walk naturally over the sensor 211 or wait there for a certain period. The individual 202 may have a communication device 206 to which the test analysis may be communicated.

2B shows an example of a vertical cross-section of an enclosure 250 (eg, a room) with entities 251 , 252 , and 253 therein, the enclosure having an environment 270 (eg, the atmosphere) and sensors 261 . Individuals 251, 252, and 253 may enter through an opening (eg, a door) to which sensor 261 is attached so that the sensor may sense environmental characteristics. The closure body has an inlet direction 281 and an outlet direction 282 . An individual may enter the enclosure through an opening (eg, a door) from the inlet direction and exit the enclosure through the outlet direction.

In some embodiments, the control system is operatively (eg, communicatively) coupled to a collective of devices (eg, sensors and/or emitters). This group contributes to the control of the environment and/or alerts. This control may utilize a control scheme such as feedback control or any of the other control schemes described herein. The collective may include at least one sensor configured to sense and/or identify electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic radiation may be (human) visible light, infrared (IR) or ultraviolet (UV) radiation. At least one sensor may comprise an array of sensors. For example, the collective may include an IR sensor array (eg, a far infrared thermal array such as Melexis). The IR sensor array may have a resolution of at least 32x24 pixels or 640x480 pixels. The IR sensor can be coupled to the digital interface. The collective may contain an IR camera. The collective may include sound detectors. The collective may contain microphones. The collective may include any of the sensors and/or emitters disclosed herein. The collective may include _CO2 , VOC, temperature, humidity, electromagnetic light, pressure and/or noise sensors. Sensors may include gesture sensors (eg, RGB gesture sensors), acetate meters, or sound sensors. The sound sensor may include an audio decibel level detector. The sensor may include a meter driver. The collective may include a microphone and/or a processor. The collective may include cameras (eg, 4K pixel cameras), UWB sensors and/or emitters, UHF sensors and/or emitters, Bluetooth (abbreviated herein as "BLE") sensors and/or emitter, processor. The camera can be of any camera resolution disclosed herein. One or more of the devices (eg, sensors) may be integrated on the chip. A collection of sensors may be used to determine the presence, number and/or identity of occupants in the enclosure (eg, using cameras). A collective of sensors may be used to control (eg, monitor and/or adjust) one or more environmental characteristics in the enclosed body environment.

Sensors attached to openings (eg, doors and/or windows) through which individuals pass may include one or more sensors. One or more sensors may perform environmental localization and/or detect the presence of an individual. The sensor attached to the opening may be free of at least one sensor that performs environmental localization. The sensor attached to the opening may be free of at least one sensor that detects the presence of the individual. For example, an environmental characteristic (eg, temperature) that is affected by an individual can be placed in a sensor attached to the opening or elsewhere in the enclosure. For example, a sensor (eg, an optical sensor) that senses the presence of an individual can be attached to the opening or positioned elsewhere in the enclosure. A system that detects environmental characteristics affected by an individual may not contain any sensors that do not detect environmental characteristics. Sensors that do not detect environmental characteristics can detect the presence of individuals (eg, weight sensors or cameras). In some embodiments, sensors that detect environmental characteristics also detect the presence of individuals (eg, infrared sensors, humidity sensors, or carbon dioxide sensors). In some embodiments, one or more openings in the enclosure remain at least partially open during testing. For example, the door may remain open while the sensor senses the temperature of the environment of the opening (eg, and thus any disturbance thereof). Disturbances can be caused by individuals. Individuals may have typical ways of perturbing environmental characteristics (eg, within normal and/or abnormal ranges). In some embodiments, for example, sensors that detect whether a person is affecting environmental changes indicative of normal and/or abnormal personal characteristics are sufficient, and there are no additional sensors dedicated to indicating the presence or absence of an individual Require. For example, a high-fidelity (eg, high-resolution) sensor that measures personal characteristics may be sufficient. For example, sensors that (eg, significantly) perturb the characteristics of the surrounding environment may be sufficient. A high-fidelity sensor can have more than one single-pixel detector. A high-fidelity sensor may include a plurality of single-pixel detectors (eg, an array). The high fidelity sensor can be configured to detect a span of values of the detectable property. For example, amplitude span (eg, range). For example, a wavelength span (eg, including a plurality of wavelengths). For example, a thermal detector may be an optical detector (eg, an infrared (IR) detector), and may be capable of detecting a plurality of IR wavelengths (eg, within a wavelength range). Significant perturbations can have high signal-to-noise ratios that differ significantly from the signal under ambient conditions. In some embodiments, sensors that detect environmental characteristics (eg, temperature) form a sensor array. The sensor array can be included in the collective. The collective and/or sensors therein may have a small FLS, a small form factor (eg, volume to height ratio), may be low cost, may be Bluetooth-enabled (eg, include a Bluetooth adapter), and/or require low power. The small FLS can be up to about 20 millimeters (mm), 10 mm, 8 mm, 6 mm, 5 mm, 4 mm, 3 mm, 2 mm, or 1 mm. The small FLS can have any value between the aforementioned values (eg, from about 20 mm to about 1 mm, from about 20 mm to about 8 mm, or from about 8 mm to about 1 mm). The low power required by the collective and/or the sensors therein may be up to about 1500 microwatts (μW), 1000 μW, 800 μW, 500 μW or 250 μW. The low power required by the collective and/or the sensors therein may be between any of the above-mentioned power values (eg, from about 1500 μW to about 250 μW, from about 1500 μW to about 500 μW, or from about 500 μW to about 250 μW).

In some embodiments, the test station includes a barrier. Barriers can selectively allow individuals to pass through them. Barriers may include one or more doors that (i) prevent occupants from walking through the door when the door is closed (eg, prevent occupants from passing through), or (ii) allow the occupant to walk when the door is open through the door. The door may contain transparent material or opaque material. Doors may contain glass, polymeric or metallic materials. The door can be turned on a hinge. The door can slide on bearings, for example. The door may be, for example, a rolling door around a shaft. The gate is operably coupled (eg, connected) to one or more posts. The door is operably coupled (eg, connected) to the splitter. Separators may facilitate separation of occupants. The separator may contain a cavity. The cavity may contain one or more circuits. The door can be opened and closed automatically and/or reversibly. The closing and opening of the door may be controlled by one or more controllers (eg, as disclosed herein). The door is operably coupled to an actuator configured to facilitate opening and/or closing the door, eg, upon receiving a signal from the controller. The actuator may be operatively coupled to the controller, eg, via a network. The separator may or may not include at least one controller configured to control the opening and/or closing of the door. The separator may contain an actuator. Barrier devices may include safety gates, poles, stiles such as turnstiles (eg, tri-roller gates), and/or turnstiles. A turnstile can be an alternative or supplement to a door. The rods and/or stiles may comprise any of the materials disclosed herein (eg, door materials). Barriers may include access control barriers. The door may be a fraction of the average individual height. The fraction can be at least about 0.25, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, or 1.5 times the average individual height.

FIG. 3A shows an example of door 310 coupled to separator 311 , and door 312 coupled to separator 316 by hinge 313 . Separator 316 includes compartments 314 and 315, which may include equipment for authenticating and/or interacting with an individual. The cavity may include, for example, one or more sensors that sense one or more properties of the environment and/or the individual (eg, as the individual passes along and/or stands near the compartment). For example, the sensor may sense the passage of the individual and/or the identity of the individual. The compartments may contain signaling emitters such as sound and/or light. The communication may indicate whether the individual is allowed to pass through the door or if the door mechanism is malfunctioning. For example, a red light may signal unauthorized access, a green light may signal authorized access, and an orange light may signal a malfunction. The sounds may include mechanical (eg, beeps) or recorded sounds (eg, human speech). Sounds may contain interpretable messages (eg, sentences). The separator may be stationary. The separator may include a non-corrugated surface (eg, a smooth surface) such as surface 317 . The separator may include rough and/or corrugated surfaces such as 318 . The separator may include one or more slits and/or holes. The separator may include one or more illuminators (eg, disposed in the compartment). Slits and/or holes may help transmit environmental characteristics from the surrounding environment to sensors disposed in the splitter, and/or allow emissions (eg, sound and/or light) to travel from inside the splitter to the surroundings Environment.

In some embodiments, the test station includes one or more frames. The frame holds objects. Frames and/or framed objects may be modular. For example, the relative position of the frame and/or framed objects can be changed. Framed objects may include windows (eg, tintable windows), panels, and/or display structures. The display configuration may include a monitor (eg, a computer or television monitor). Display constructions may include light emitting diode (LED) arrays, such as organic LED arrays. The organic LED array may be at least partially transparent (T-OLED). An example of a display construct, its operation, and control can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/975,706, entitled "TANDEM VISION WINDOW AND MEDIA DISPLAY," filed on February 12, 2020, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. manner is incorporated herein. The display construct can be placed in the frame as a stand-alone framed item. The display construction can be positioned on a window (eg, a tintable window). The framed article may contain one or more dispensing and/or sterilization related equipment. The dispensing device can be configured to dispense gloves, masks, sanitizers, badges, paper (eg, tissues). The dispensing device may be a printer (eg, dispensing printed stickers or paper). The frame can contain wiring. The frame may include one or more devices, including sensors, emitters, antennas, controllers, circuits, and/or power sources. The test station is operably (eg, communicatively) coupled to the network (eg, and one or more controllers). A display construct (eg, an OLED display) can display information to individuals attempting to enter the facility. The display structure can display the image of the receptionist. The receptionist may be in the facility or outside the facility. The receptionist image may be an image of a live receptionist (eg, interacting with the individual via video conferencing). The receptionist image can have animation. The test station may contain a signaling image. The signaling image may be still or non-still. The messaging image may or may not change over time. The signaling image may be permanent or non-permanent (eg, ephemeral). The signaling image may be transparent or opaque. The signaling image may be attached (eg, to a fixture of the enclosure, such as a floor), or non-attached. For example, the messaging image may contain stickers. The message image contains coloring. Communication images may include engraving, embossing or embroidery. The signaling image may be part of a fabric such as a carpet. The signaling image may be a light projection. The light projection may or may not change over time. The test frame may include a projector that projects illumination onto the individual and/or the floor to form a signaling image. The projected illumination can communicate where the individual is standing (eg, a circle can be projected so that the individual is standing in the circle). The projected illumination can communicate in which direction the individual is standing (eg, the projected illumination can include the footprint of a stationary individual positioned in a direction, thereby signaling in that direction the individual is standing). The projected illumination can communicate in which direction the individual is walking (eg, the projected illumination can include a walking individual's footprint placed in a direction, thereby signaling that the individual is walking in that direction). Projection can be in color. The projection can be a white projection. The color can communicate whether the individual is ready to proceed to the next stage in the admission process (eg, green indicates that the individual is free to enter the facility). The color may communicate whether the individual is not ready to proceed to the next stage in the admission process (eg, red indicates that the individual cannot enter the facility). Colors can signal errors or failures (eg, orange or yellow indicating an error in the program and/or in one of the components of the test station).

3B shows an example of a test station that includes a frame 320, and framed objects such as a plate 321 including a dispensing device 322 attached to the plate, a display structure 323 that displays information, and a window 324. The frame includes projectors configured to project signaling images (eg, 325 and 326) with white light. The signaling image includes circles 325 and footprints 326 of stationary individuals. The signaling image signaling entity stands in the circle 325 facing the frame 320 . The signaling image may aid in the close proximity and/or directionality of an individual to be sensed by one or more sensors disposed in frame 320 . Either the framed object and/or the frame may be modular. The signaling image may facilitate the proximity of the individual to the dispensing equipment and/or the image projected by the display structure, thus assisting in the facility's admission procedure. The framing can comprise any of the materials disclosed herein (eg, polymeric, metallic, transparent, and/or opaque). The frame may include one or more holes and/or slits. Slits and/or holes may help transmit environmental characteristics from the surrounding environment to sensors disposed in the splitter, and/or allow emissions (eg, sound and/or light) to travel from inside the splitter to the surroundings Environment.

Figure 3C shows an example of a test station that includes a frame 330, and framed objects, such as a plate 331 including a dispensing device 332 attached to the plate, a display construct 333 displaying a message, a display construct 334 displaying a receptionist , A board 335, a board 336 and a window 337 are attached to the board. The test station depicted in the example shown in Figure 3C projects a signaling image 338. Any of the framed objects and/or frames (eg, of FIGS. 3B-3D ) may be modular.

In some embodiments, framing equipment (eg, a framing system) and barrier equipment are positioned in the reception area of the facility. The framing device may be placed in close proximity (eg, in contact or non-contact) with the barrier device. For example, the framing device may be positioned at a walking distance from the barrier device. The walking distance may comprise up to about 10, 8, 5, 3 or 2 average steps of the individual. Figure 3D shows an example of a test station including door and separator apparatus 340 and frame 341 positioned adjacent to each other at a walking distance of about one or two steps. Frame 341 includes a projector 342 disposed in the interior volume of the frame that projects light 343 to form a signaling image 346 on the floor adjacent to frame 341 . The framing device can be used as a public information query station serving one or more users (eg, simultaneously).

The test station may include framing equipment including framing (eg, including mullions and beams) for framing one or more framed objects. The outer surface of the framed article may contain smooth or rough portions. Roughness can be due to embossing, sanding or scratching of the surface. The rough portion may contain intrusions, extrusions or coatings. The coating may comprise mesh or fabric. The rough portion may contain a regular pattern or an irregular pattern. Framed objects can be hollow or non-hollow. Framed objects may contain internal cavities. The interior cavity may include at least one device (eg, sensor, emitter, controller, circuit (eg, processor), computer, memory, radar, or antenna). The interior cavity may contain the transceiver. The interior cavity may contain circuitry. The interior cavity may contain wiring. The interior cavity may have Bluetooth, Global Positioning System (GPS), UHF and/or Ultra Wide Band (UWB) devices. The inner cavity may contain a modem. The framed article may include one or more slits and/or holes. A framed article may include one or more illuminators (eg, disposed in a compartment). Slits and/or holes may help transmit environmental characteristics from the surrounding environment to sensors disposed in the splitter, and/or allow emissions (eg, sound and/or light) to travel from inside the splitter to the surroundings Environment.

In some embodiments, framing equipment or barrier equipment is positioned in the reception area of the facility. The entrance to the facility may contain one or more images that communicate, for example, where the individual is standing. The signaling image may signal that the individuals are standing at a specified distance from each other. The signaling image may include shapes within the allowed standing area and edges of the non-permitted standing area. The signaling image may include shapes (eg, geometric shapes). Shapes can include ellipses (eg, circles) or polygons. Polygons can include triangles (eg, equilateral), rectangles (eg, squares), pentagons, hexagons, heptagons, or octagons. The polygon can be a right-angled polygon. The edge may have the same shape as the inner shape. The edge may have a different shape than the inner shape. 4A shows an example of a reception area in a facility that includes a messenger shape with an interior shape 411 that allows individuals to stand (eg, while waiting to be approached by a testing station), and edges 412 that individuals should not stand on, the The inner shape and edges have a rounded shape. Messaging shape Messaging where an individual such as 413 is to stand while waiting to interact with a testing station 414 that includes a barrier device 415, a dispensing station 417, and a device housing 416 (eg, including those disclosed herein) any device such as a sensor and/or emitter). The device housing may contain the device collective. In the example shown in Figure 4A, the test station is placed in the access path 418 of the facility. Individuals 413 wishing to enter the facility will have to cross the testing station 414 to enter the facility, eg, by opening the door of the testing station 414 .

In some embodiments, the dispensing device is operatively coupled to the network. The dispensing device can be controlled manually or automatically. For example, the dispensing device may be controlled by a controller. The dispensing device is operably coupled (eg, wired and/or wireless) to a network. The dispensing device is operably (eg, communicatively) coupled to the barrier device and/or the framing device. The dispensing device may be physically coupled (eg, using an intermediate plate) to the framing device and/or the barrier device, eg, for support and/or stability. The dispensing device may not be coupled and/or not connected to the network. FIG. 4A shows an example in which the dispensing device 417 is coupled to the barrier device via the transparent plate 418 . The plate can be any plate disclosed herein.

FIG. 4B shows an example of a test station 424 that includes barrier devices 425 and 426 and a framing device 427 positioned adjacent to barrier device 426 . The testing station 424 is positioned in the facility's entry path 428 such that the individual 423 will have to pass through the door of the testing station 428 to enter the facility. The individual is directed to the test station 424 along the signaling image (eg, 430 including the inner circle and rounded edges) in the direction illustrated by the dashed arrow (eg, 429). The individual is further guided by the projected image 428 to interact with the framing device 427, and the individual (if permitted) passes through the door of the barrier device 426 in order to enter the facility through the access path 428.

In some embodiments, the test station is positioned in the access area of the facility. An access area may contain one or more doors. The door may or may not be part of the test station. The access path may be restrictive and allow a small number of individuals (eg, at most 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1) to pass therethrough, or may be less restrictive and allow a larger number of individuals to pass therethrough. The test station may include one or more barrier devices and/or one or more framing devices. At least two barrier devices in the test station may be different from each other. At least two barrier devices in the test station may be similar to each other (eg, 425 and 426 in Figure 4B). At least two framing devices in the test station may be different from each other. At least two framing devices in the test station may be similar to each other. For example, in Figure 4B, all framing devices (eg, 427) are similar to each other.

FIG. 5A shows an example of a facility with access doors (including door 510 ) and access paths 511 . A test station 512 including a framing device 512 for projecting a signaling image 513 is placed close to the entry path 511 , the test station is placed on the path 514 from the door 510 to the entry path 511 . Test station 512 does not include barrier equipment. The walkway to access path 511 is not restrictive and allows individuals to enter both enclosure 500 and access path 511 .

FIG. 5B shows an example of a facility with access doors (including door 520 ) and access paths 521 . The test station includes framing equipment 522 and 523 . The test station is placed on the path that the individual 525 will walk from the door 520 to the entry path 521 . The test station does not include barrier equipment. The walkway from door 520 to access path 521 is more restrictive than the walkway of FIG. 5A because it allows only one individual (rather than several individuals) to comfortably enter both enclosure 529 and access path 521 . In the example shown in FIG. 5B, framing devices 522 and 523 are positioned at an angle (eg, about 90 degrees) to each other. Framing devices 522 and 523 are different. Framing equipment 522 includes windows such as 526 and dispensing equipment 527 . Framing equipment 523 includes windows such as 531 , display structures 532 displaying eg receptionists, boards 533 with announcements affixed thereon, white boards 534 displaying messages, dispensing equipment 535, and opaque (eg, and textured) boards 537 .

In some embodiments, the reception area may include components of the test station (eg, barrier equipment and framing equipment). At least two of the components can be the same. At least two of the components can be different. The two components may be positioned (eg, substantially) parallel to each other. The two components can be positioned at an angle to each other. For example, the two components can form an angle with each other, which angle can be at least about 30 degrees (°), 60°, 90°, 120°, or 180°. The angle can have any value between the aforementioned values.

In some embodiments, the test station is housed in an enclosure that includes an auxiliary (eg, manual and/or more stringent) test station. FIG. 6A shows an example of a test station 612 including a barrier device positioned at the access path into the facility 600, the test station 612 positioned at the point where individuals enter the facility 616 through the outer door 611, the inner door 614, the reception area 615 in the aisle. The barrier devices of 612 are placed parallel to each other. When the individual fails to pass the barrier device 612 (eg, because the individual fails the test), the individual is directed 613 to the auxiliary testing station 610 . Nurses and/or security personnel (in human presence, in image form through a display configuration, or virtually through a display configuration) see and/or test individuals more rigorously on-the-spot than during inspections in testing station 612 . 6B shows an example of a test station 622 including parallel barrier equipment and framing equipment positioned at the access path into facility 630, which is positioned in the walkway where individuals enter the facility through external door 621 in direction 631, The individual enters facility 626 through interior door 624, reception area 625. The barrier devices of 622 are placed parallel to each other. The framing devices of 622 are positioned parallel to each other. The barrier device of 622 is positioned parallel to the framing device. Each framing device of test station 622 is positioned adjacent (eg, in contact or not in contact with) at least one barrier device. Each barrier device of test station 622 is positioned adjacent (eg, in contact or not in contact with) at least one framing device. The framing device of the test station 622 forms a pair with a barrier device. When the individual fails to pass the barrier device 622 (eg, because the individual fails the test), the individual is directed 623 to the auxiliary testing station 620 .

In some embodiments, the framing device and the barrier device form a pair. The framing device and/or the blocking device may be coupled to a network (eg, via wired and/or wireless communication). The framing device and the blocking device may or may not be operatively (eg, communicatively) coupled directly to each other. The framing device and the blocking device may be operatively (eg, communicatively) coupled to each other via a network. The framing apparatus and/or the barrier apparatus may include at least one controller (eg, disposed therein or thereon). The framing device and the blocking device are operatively (eg, communicatively) coupled to at least one controller (eg, via a network).

In some embodiments, individuals entering a facility undergo one or more hospitality procedures (eg, operations). Hospitality operations may be related to entry admission procedures, equipment dispensing, physical characteristics (eg, disinfection), barriers, and/or ancillary inspections. If the individual is not an employee, the operation involves the host escorting the individual into the facility and/or signing an agreement (eg, a nondisclosure agreement). Operations can be performed in any order.

FIG. 7 shows a flowchart depicting various operations associated with personnel (eg, employees) undergoing admission procedure 710 , equipment dispensing 720 , physical characteristics 730 , obstruction 740 , and auxiliary inspection 750 . Optional operations are depicted in dashed lines in FIG. 7 . In an admission operation 710, the employee may optionally scan 711 a badge that allows him to enter the facility. The test system evaluates at 712 whether the employee is permitted to enter the facility. If the employee is not allowed in, the employee is instructed to leave the facility and/or call the manager as appropriate in operation 713 . For example, the test system may analyze whether the employee is pre-authorized to enter (eg, the employee is on the employee roster and there are no special instructions on file that restrict employee access). If the employee is authorized to enter, the door is opened in operation 715 and the employee enters the facility directly in 716 or is directed to equipment dispensing operation 720 . In operation 721, the testing system then analyzes whether the employee has a tag (eg, by using the tag to scan and/or sense the employee's identity). If the employee does not have a tag, in operation 722, the testing system may dispense and/or give the employee a new tag, which is assigned to the employee. In operation 723, the testing system analyzes whether the employee complies with the equipment-related safety protocols of the jurisdiction in which the facility is housed and/or the facility's safety protocols (eg, wearing items such as masks, lab coats, steel-toed protective shoes, and/or safety guards) eyepiece protective equipment). If the employee is not compliant, the testing system may deploy the required equipment in 724 or block the employee from entering until the employee is compliant with safety requirements (blocking operation not shown). The testing system may determine in optional operation 725 that the employee has accessed the equipment. Next, the employee will go through operations 730 related to physical characteristics (eg, temperature or cough), where the employee, as appropriate (eg, within a jurisdiction and/or facility agreement), performs operations 731 on any desired body parts (eg, hands) are sanitized, one or more body characteristics are sensed in operation 732 (eg, using one or more sensors), the testing system then analyzes whether the body characteristics are normal or abnormal (eg, using threshold values and/or characteristics signature). If the physical characteristics of the employee are normal, the test system unlocks the barrier in operation 741 of the barrier operation phase 740, and the employee enters the facility in operation 742. In operation 736, the results of the analysis of the physical characteristics are optionally sent to the employee and/or facility. If abnormal physical characteristics are found at 733 , the employee is notified at 734 and the facility is notified at 735 . The employee is then informed of the various options in operation 751 . The employee should make a selection in operation 752 whether the employee wishes to continue the admission process (eg, by entering information into the system). If the employee wishes to continue, the employee is instructed in operation 753 to proceed to an auxiliary inspection (eg, a manual and/or more stringent inspection of the employee). If the employee does not wish to continue the admission process, then in operation 752 the employee is removed. The results of the employee's decision are sent to the facility and/or are recorded.

8 shows a flow chart depicting various operations and personnel (eg, visitors such as non-employees) entering the facility 850 that go through the admission procedure 810, media and physical characteristics 820, equipment dispensing 830, barriers 840, and access to the facility 850. related. Optional operations are depicted in dashed lines in FIG. 8 . In an admission operation 810, the testing system attempts to detect employee badges (eg, tags). If an employee tag is detected, the operations in FIG. 7 are performed. If no tag is detected (and the individual is not on the employee roster), the testing system classifies the individual as a visitor. In operation 812, the testing system verifies whether the visitor is allowed into the facility, thereby checking that the visitor is the intended visitor. For example, the testing system can analyze whether the visitor is pre-authorized (eg, the visitor is in the visitor's register and there is no special indication on the file that restricts the visitor's entry). If the visitor is not allowed to enter the facility, the visitor is instructed to leave the facility and/or call the host as appropriate in operation 813 . If the visitor is authorized to enter, the guest host is called in 815 and once the host arrives in 816, the door is opened and the visitor enters the facility directly in 821 or is directed to equipment dispensing operations 820. The testing system then senses (eg, using a sensor) whether the visitor's physical characteristics are within normal ranges or abnormal in operation 823 . If the physical characteristics are normal, the host is notified in operation 825 and the employee is requested to leave the facility in operation 855. If the physical characteristics are not abnormal (eg, within normal ranges), the results are notified (eg, transmitted) to the facility and/or host in operation 826, and the visitor continues to the equipment and sanitization operations stage. In operation 831, the testing system analyzes whether the visitor complies with equipment-related safety protocols (eg, standards) of the jurisdiction in which the facility is housed and/or safety protocols of the facility (eg, wearing equipment such as masks, lab coats, steel-toed protective shoes) and/or safety goggles). If the employee is not compliant, the testing system can deploy the required equipment in 832 or block the employee from entering until the employee is compliant with safety requirements (blocking operation not shown). The system may determine in optional operation 833 that the employee has accessed the equipment. In operation 834, the employee may optionally be requested to sanitize body parts (eg, hands). If the visitor complies with equipment-related safety protocols (eg, standards), in operation 834, the visitor may optionally be requested to sanitize body parts (eg, hands). The test system may or may not verify sterilization (eg, using sensors). Once the visitor complies with the equipment and sanitization operations stage 830, the visitor begins protocol-related operations 840. In operation 841, the visitor is instructed to wait for the host (eg, if the host does not arrive), and in operation 842, the visitor is requested to sign an agreement (eg, a nondisclosure agreement). If the visitor signs the agreement, in operation 843 a badge (eg, a tag) may be provided to the visitor. If the visitor does not sign the agreement, the host is responsible for the visitor in 844 (eg, the visitor may be asked to leave in operation 855). Once the visitor signs the agreement, in operation 851 of the exit/entry operation phase 850, the test system unlocks the barrier and the employee enters the facility in operation 852. The results of the analysis of physical characteristics may be sent to the visitor and/or facility as appropriate. If a visitor's physical characteristics are found to be abnormal, the visitor may be notified (eg, using a message, such as by email, phone, text, voice, video, or print). Visitors can be informed of various options. The visitor should make the choice of whether the visitor wishes to continue the admission process (eg, by entering information into the system). If the visitor wishes to continue, the visitor is instructed to proceed to an auxiliary inspection (eg, manual and/or more stringent inspection by an employee). If the visitor does not wish to continue the admission process, the visitor is removed from the facility. The results of the visitor's decision may be sent to the facility and/or recorded.

In some embodiments, the test system is operatively coupled to one or more controllers. The controller is configured to control one or more devices of the facility. Analysis of the test system may be performed at least in part by one or more controllers of the control facility (eg, which may include or be operably coupled to a building management system).

In some embodiments, one or more sensors are attached to the mobile traveler. Walkers can be animate or inanimate. For example, the sensors may be carried by persons walking around the facility. For example, the sensor may be carried by a transport robot (eg, a self-propelled vehicle). For example, aerial vehicles (eg, drones) or ground transportation vehicles (eg, wheeled vehicles). The location of the traveler may be known. The traveler and/or the tested individual can identify their location. The location of the traveler and/or the tested individual may be identified, at least in part, via electromagnetic radiation related techniques, such as via satellite (eg, GPS), Bluetooth, UHF, and/or UWB techniques. The location of the traveler may be identified, at least in part, via at least one sensor in the facility (eg, radar, torque sensor, antenna, and/or optical sensor (eg, a camera such as a video camera)). The location of the traveler and/or the tested individual may be identified, at least in part, via a mobile device (eg, a cellular phone) that the individual and/or traveler is carrying.

In some embodiments, environmental properties excreted and/or affected by an individual have a propagation pattern in the environment. Propagation patterns may have distinct and/or identified patterns that may be measured, for example, by one or more sensors. For example, heat emitted by individuals has a diffusion pattern in the ambient atmosphere. For example, carbon dioxide emitted by individuals has an emission pattern in the environment. For example, carbon dioxide can be evident, such as around the mouth and nose of an individual, and expulsion rate, direction, pressure, and/or velocity can be measured. In the example shown in FIG. 12, an example of a contour map depicting a horizontal (eg, top) view of an office environment for various _CO2 concentration levels is shown. The locations of nine individuals 1201 to 1209 can be identified based on CO emissions and changes in their concentration in the room. Additionally, individuals 1201-1204 can be identified as facing individuals 1205-1208, and individual 1209 can be identified as being positioned between, and perpendicular to, the group of individuals 1201-1204 and the group of individuals 1205-1208. Also, by considering the contour map, we can assume that the wind system is blowing in the direction from individuals 1201-1204 towards individuals 1205-1208, where the wind has a non-uniform influence in the room. Wind appears to have a greater effect in the direction from individuals 1201 and 1205 towards individual 1209. The wind has the least impact on individuals 1201 and 1205, more on individuals 1202 and 1206, even more on individuals 1203 and 1207, even more on individuals 1204 and 1208, and mainly on individual 1209. Wind can enter through openings such as vents, open windows, or open doors. Thus, the sensed environmental properties in (at least part of) the room can be used to locate individuals in the enclosure.

The enclosure may have ambient pressure and/or temperature. The enclosure may have a pressure different from ambient pressure (eg, below and/or above ambient pressure). The enclosure may have a temperature different from the ambient temperature (eg, below and/or above the ambient temperature). The enclosure is a dedicated enclosure (eg, configured to maintain pressure and/or a temperature different from ambient temperature). The ambient pressure may be one atmosphere. The ambient temperature may be about 25°C. The ambient pressure and atmosphere can be standard pressure and atmosphere.

In some examples, data from multiple sensors (eg, the same type or different types) can be used to assess the environment and the individual's impact on the environment. This assessment can elucidate the health of the individual (eg, having normal or abnormal physical characteristics). For example, patterns of temperature, humidity and/or carbon dioxide in the environment can be used to locate and/or assess the health of an individual. Data from a plurality of sensors (eg, of different types) can be correlated (eg, cross-correlated).

In some embodiments, the owner and/or user of the data may take action if the individual exhibits one or more anomalous characteristics. For example, it may initiate medical treatment of the individual, isolate the individual, and/or take steps to remove the individual (eg, to reduce the risk of harming others). In some embodiments, the facility's control system may initiate an action. For example, the control system may alter or directly alter the state of one or more devices operatively coupled to the building management system. For example, the control system can change or directly change the state of the HVAC system, lighting system, or buzzer. For example, in response to the result, the illuminator may flash, the buzzer will sound or the ventilation will increase.

In some embodiments, the enclosure includes one or more sensors. Sensors can help control the environment of the enclosure so that the occupant of the enclosure can be more comfortable, desirable, beautiful, healthy, productive (eg, in terms of occupant performance), easier to live (eg, work) or environment in any combination. The sensors can be configured as low or high resolution sensors. A sensor can provide an on/off indication of the occurrence and/or presence of a particular environmental event (eg, a pixel sensor). In some embodiments, the accuracy and/or resolution of the sensor may be improved through artificial intelligence analysis of the sensor's measurements. Examples of artificial intelligence techniques that may be used include: reactivity, limited memory, theory of mind, and/or self-perception techniques known to those skilled in the art. Sensors can be configured to process, measure, analyze, detect and/or respond to one or more of: data, temperature, humidity, sound, force, pressure, electromagnetic waves, location, distance , movement, flow, acceleration, velocity, vibration, dust, light, glare, color, gas, and/or other aspects (eg, properties) of the environment (eg, enclosure). Gases may include volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Gases may include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor (eg, moisture), oxygen, radon, and/or hydrogen sulfide.

In some embodiments, processing sensor data includes performing sensor data analysis. Sensor data analysis may include at least one rational decision-making process and/or learning. Sensor data analysis can be used to adjust the environment, for example, by adjusting one or more components that affect the environment of the enclosure. Data analysis may be performed by machine-based systems (eg, circuits). The circuit may have a processor. Sensor data analysis can leverage artificial intelligence. Sensor data analysis may rely on one or more models (eg, mathematical models). In some embodiments, sensor data analysis includes linear regression, least squares fitting, Gaussian procedure regression, kernel regression, nonparametric multiplicative regression (NPMR), regression trees, local regression, semiparametric regression, isotonic regression, multiple Variable Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), Logistic Regression, Robust Regression, Polynomial Regression, Stepwise Regression, Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression, Elastic Net Regression, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Singular Value Decomposition, Fuzzy Measure Theory, Polet Borel measure, Han measure, Risk neutral measure, Lebesgue measure, Grouped data disposition method (GMDH), Naive Bayes classifier, k nearest neighbor algorithm (k-NN) ), support vector machine (SVM), neural network, support vector machine, classification and regression tree (CART), random forest, gradient boosting or generalized linear model (GLM) techniques. 9 shows an example of a drawing 900 of a configuration of sensors distributed among an enclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 9 , the controller 905 is connected to enclosure A (sensors 910A, 910B, 910C, . . . 910Z), enclosure B (sensors 915A, 915B, 915C, 915Z), enclosure B C (sensors 920A, 920B, 920C... 920Z) and sensors in enclosure Z (sensors 985A, 985B, 985C... 985Z) are communicatively linked 908. A communicative link includes wired and/or wireless communication. In some embodiments, the sensor collective includes at least two sensors of different types. In some embodiments, the sensor collective includes at least two sensors of the same type. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the sensors 910A, 910B, 910C, . . . 910Z of the enclosure A represent a collective. A sensor collective may refer to a series of various sensors. In some embodiments, at least two of the sensors in the group cooperate to determine, for example, environmental parameters of the enclosure in which the sensors are disposed. For example, a collection of sensors may include carbon dioxide sensors, carbon monoxide sensors, volatile organic chemical sensors, environmental noise sensors, visible light sensors, temperature sensors, and/or humidity sensors. The sensor collective may include other types of sensors, and claimed subject matter is not limited in this regard. The enclosure may contain one or more sensors that are not part of the sensor collective. A closed volume can contain a plurality of collectives. At least two of the plurality of groups may differ in at least one of their sensors. At least two of the plurality of groups may have at least one of the sensors that are similar (eg, of the same type). For example, a group may have two motion sensors and one temperature sensor. For example, a group may have a carbon dioxide sensor and an IR sensor. A collective may include one or more devices that are not sensors. One or more other devices other than sensors may include sound emitters (eg, buzzers) and/or electromagnetic radiation emitters (eg, light emitting diodes). In some embodiments, a single sensor (eg, not in a group) may be positioned adjacent (eg, in close proximity, such as contacting) another device that is not a sensor. The controller is communicatively coupled to the sensor collective or can be part of the sensor collective.

Sensors in a sensor cluster may cooperate with each other. One type of sensor can be related to at least one other type of sensor. Conditions in the enclosure can affect one or more of the different sensors. One or more different sensor readings may be related to and/or affected by the situation. The correlation can be predetermined. The correlation can be determined (eg, using a learning procedure) over a period of time. The time period may be predetermined. A time period can have a cutoff value. The cutoff value may consider, for example, an error threshold (eg, a percentage value) between the predicted sensor data and the measured sensor data in a similar situation. The time can be continuous. Correlations can be derived from a learning set (also referred to herein as a "training set"). A learning set may contain and/or may be derived from real-time observations in a closed volume. Observations may include data collection (eg, from sensors). The learning set may contain sensor data from similar closed bodies. A learning set may include third-party data sets (eg, of sensor data). The learning set may be derived, for example, from simulations affecting one or more environmental conditions of the enclosure. A learning set may constitute detected (eg, historical) signal data with the addition of one or more types of noise. Correlation can utilize historical data, third-party data, and/or real-time (eg, sensor) data. The correlation between two sensor types may be assigned a value. The value may be a relative value (eg, a strong correlation, a moderate correlation, or a weak correlation). Learning sets that are not derived from real-time measurements may serve as benchmarks (eg, baselines) to initiate operation of sensors and/or various components that affect the environment (eg, HVAC systems and/or tinting windows). Real-time sensor data may supplement the learning set, eg, on an ongoing basis or over a defined period of time. The size of the (eg, supplemental) learning set may increase during deployment of the sensor in the environment. For example, with additional (i) real-time measurements, (ii) sensor data from other (eg, similar) enclosures, (iii) third-party data, (iv) other and/or updated simulations, initial The size of the study set can be increased.

In some embodiments, data from sensors can be correlated. Once a correlation between two or more sensor types is established, deviating correlations (eg, correlation values) may indicate irregularities and/or malfunctions of the sensors of the related sensors. Failures can include calibration offsets. A failure may indicate that the sensor needs to be recalibrated. A failure may include a complete failure of the sensor. In one example, the motion sensor may cooperate with the carbon dioxide sensor. In one example, in response to the movement sensor detecting movement of one or more individuals in the enclosure, the carbon dioxide sensor may be activated to initiate carbon dioxide measurements. An increase in movement in the enclosure can be associated with an increase in carbon dioxide levels. In another example, the detection of an individual in the enclosure by the motion sensor can be correlated with an increase in noise detected by the noise sensor in the enclosure. In some embodiments, a detection by a sensor of the first type not accompanied by a detection by a sensor of the second type may cause the sensor to issue an error message. For example, if the motion sensor detects a large number of individuals in the enclosure without increasing carbon dioxide and/or noise, the carbon dioxide sensor and/or noise sensor may be identified as malfunctioning or has incorrect output. Error messages can be posted. The first plurality of different correlated sensors in the first group may include one sensor of a first type, and a second plurality of sensors of a different type. If a second plurality of sensors indicate a correlation, and one sensor indicates a reading that differs from the correlation, the likelihood of that one sensor failing increases. if the first plurality of sensors in the first group detect a first correlation and the third plurality of correlation sensors in the second group detect a second correlation different from the first correlation, Then there is an increased possibility that the conditions to which the first sensor group is exposed are different from the conditions to which the third sensor group is exposed.

Sensors in a sensor cluster may cooperate with each other. Collaborating may include considering sensor data from another (eg, of a different type) sensor in the collective. Collaboration can include trends predicted by another sensor (eg, type) in the group. Collaboration may include trends predicted by data related to another sensor (eg, type) in the group. Other sensor data may originate from another sensor in the group, a sensor of the same type in another group, or the type of data collected by another sensor in the group that does not originate from the other sensor. For example, the first group may include pressure sensors and temperature sensors. Collaboration between pressure sensors and temperature sensors may include considering pressure sensor data when analyzing and/or predicting temperature data for temperature sensors in the first group. The pressure data may be (i) pressure data for pressure sensors in the first group, (ii) pressure data for pressure sensors in one or more other groups, (iii) pressure data for other sensors, and / or (iv) third party pressure information.

In some embodiments, the sensors are collectively distributed throughout the enclosure. Sensors of the same type can be dispersed in the enclosure to, for example, allow measurement of environmental parameters at various locations in the enclosure. Sensors of the same type can measure gradients along one or more dimensions of the enclosure. Gradients may include temperature gradients, ambient noise gradients, or any other change (eg, increase or decrease) in the measured parameter as a function of position from the point. The gradient can be used to determine that the sensor is providing incorrect measurements (eg, the sensor has a fault). Figure 10 shows an example of a drawing 1090 of a configuration of a sensor collective in an enclosure. In the example of FIG. 10 , collective _1092A is positioned at distance D1 from vent 1096 . Sensor collective _1092B is positioned at distance D2 from vent 1096. Sensor collective 1092C is located a distance _D3 from vent 1096. In the example of FIG. 10, vents 1096 correspond to air conditioning vents, which represent a relatively constant source of cooling air and a relatively constant source of white noise. Thus, in the example of FIG. 10, temperature and noise measurements are made by sensor group 1092A. Temperature and noise measurements made by sensor 1092A are shown by output reading distribution 1094A. The output reading distribution 1094A indicates relatively low temperature and a lot of noise. Temperature and noise measurements made by sensor group 1092B are shown by output reading distribution 1094B. The output reading distribution 1094B indicates slightly higher temperatures and slightly lower noise levels. Temperature and noise measurements made by sensor group 1092C are shown by output reading distribution 1094C. The output reading distribution 1094C indicates a temperature slightly higher than the temperature measured by the sensor groups 1092B and 1092A. The noise measured by sensor group 1092C indicates a lower level than the noise measured by sensor groups 1092A and 1092B. In one example, if the temperature measured by the sensor group 1092C indicates a lower temperature than the temperature measured by the sensor group 1092A, the one or more processors and/or controllers may 1092C sensor identified as providing incorrect data.

In another example of a temperature gradient, a temperature sensor mounted near the window may measure increased temperature fluctuation relative to the temperature fluctuation measured by a temperature sensor mounted opposite the window. A sensor mounted near the midpoint between the window and the relative position of the window can measure the temperature fluctuation between those temperatures measured near the window relative to those measured at the relative position of the window. In one example, an ambient noise sensor installed near an air conditioner (or near a heating vent) may measure greater ambient noise than an ambient noise sensor installed farther from the air conditioner or heating vent.

In some embodiments, the sensors of the first type cooperate with the sensors of the second type. In one example, an infrared radiation sensor may cooperate with a temperature sensor. Collaboration among sensor types may include establishing correlations (eg, negative or positive) among readings from sensors of the same type or different types. For example, an increase in infrared energy measured by an infrared radiation sensor may be accompanied by (eg, positively related to) an increase in the measured temperature. A decrease in the measured infrared radiation may be accompanied by a decrease in the measured temperature. In one example, an infrared radiation sensor measuring an increase in infrared energy that is not accompanied by a measurable increase in temperature may indicate a malfunction or degradation of the operation of the temperature sensor.

In some embodiments, one or more sensors are included in the enclosure. For example, the enclosure may include at least 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 50 or 500 sensors. The enclosure can include a number of sensors ranging between any of the foregoing values (eg, from about 1 to about 1000, from about 1 to about 500, or from about 500 to about 1000). The sensors can be of any type. For example, sensors can be configured (eg, and/or designed) to measure concentrations of gases (eg, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic chemicals, or radon). For example, sensors may be configured (eg, and/or designed) to measure ambient noise. For example, sensors can be configured (eg, and/or designed) to measure electromagnetic radiation (eg, RF, microwave, infrared, visible, and/or ultraviolet radiation). For example, sensors may be configured (eg, and/or designed) to measure safety-related parameters such as (eg, glass) breakage and/or unauthorized presence of persons in restricted areas. The sensor may cooperate with one or more (eg, active) devices such as radar or lidar. The device can be used to detect the physical size of the enclosure, persons present in the enclosure, stationary objects in the enclosure, and/or moving objects in the enclosure.

In some embodiments, the sensor is operatively coupled to at least one controller. Coupling may include a communication link. The communication link (eg, 908 of FIG. 9 ) may comprise any suitable communication medium (eg, wired and/or wireless). The communication link may include electrical wires, such as one or more conductors in a twisted pair, coaxial cable, and/or fiber optic configuration. Communication links may include wireless communication links, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, cellular, or optical communication links. One or more segments of the communication link may include conductive (eg, wired) media, while one or more other segments of the communication link may include wireless links. A communication network may include one or more layers of encryption. The communication network is communicatively coupled to the cloud and/or to one or more servers external to the facility. The communication network can support at least third generation (3G), fourth generation wireless (4G) or fifth generation wireless (5G) communication. The communication network may support cellular signals outside and/or inside the facility. Downlink communication network speeds may have peak data rates of at least about 5 gigabits per second (Gb/s), 10 Gb/s, or 20 Gb/s. The uplink communication network speed may have a peak data rate of at least about 2 Gb/s, 5 Gb/s, or 10 Gb/s.

In some embodiments, the enclosure is a facility (eg, a building). The enclosure may contain walls, doors or windows. In some embodiments, at least two enclosures of the plurality of enclosures are disposed in the facility. In some embodiments, at least two enclosures of the plurality of enclosures are located in different facilities. The different facilities may be campuses (eg, and belong to the same entity). At least two of the plurality of enclosures may reside on the same floor of the facility. At least two of the plurality of enclosures may reside on different floors of the facility. The enclosures of Figure 9, such as enclosures A, B, C, and Z, may correspond to enclosures located on the same floor of a building, or may correspond to enclosures located on different floors of a building. The enclosure of Figure 9 may be located in different buildings in a multi-building campus. The enclosure of Figure 9 may be located in different parks of a multi-park block.

In one example, for a gas sensor placed in a room (eg, in an office environment), the relevant parameter may correspond to gas (eg, CO ₂ ) levels, where the desired levels are typically in the range of about 1000 ppm or less Inside. In one example, a _CO sensor may determine that self-calibration should be performed during a time window in which _CO levels are at a minimum, such as when there are no occupants in the vicinity of the sensor (eg, see _CO 18000 seconds ago in FIG. 11 ). content). A time window during which fluctuations in _CO2 levels are minimal may correspond to, for example, a one-hour period during lunch, between about 12:00 PM and about 1:00, and during off-hours hours. 12 shows an example of a contour map of a horizontal (eg, top) view of an office environment depicting various _CO2 concentration levels. Gas (CO ₂ ) concentrations can be measured by sensors placed at various locations in an enclosure (eg, an office).

The location and/or stationary properties of the enclosure (eg, placement of walls and/or windows) can be used to measure properties of a given environment. The position and/or stationary properties of the enclosure can be derived independently (eg, from 3rd party data and/or from non-sensor data). The position and/or stationary characteristics of the enclosure can be derived using data from one or more sensors positioned in the environment. Some sensor data may be used to sense and/or identify when the environment is minimally disturbed relative to the measured environmental characteristic (eg, when no people are present in the environment, and/or when the environment is quiet) ( For example, the position of stationary and/or non-stationary) objects to determine the environment. Determining the location of the object includes determining occupancy (eg, by humans) in the environment. Distance and/or position related measurements may utilize sensors such as radar and/or ultrasonic sensors. Distance and position-related measurements may originate from sensors that are not traditionally related to position and/or distance. Objects disposed in or part of the enclosure may have different sensor signatures. For example, the location of a person in the enclosure can be associated with different temperature, humidity and/or _CO2 signatures. For example, the position of the walls can be related to sudden changes in temperature, humidity and/or _CO2 distribution in the enclosure. For example, the position of a window or door (whether open or closed) can be correlated with changes in temperature, humidity and/or _CO2 distribution near the window or door. One or more sensors in the enclosure can monitor any environmental changes and/or correlate such changes with subsequent changes in monitored values. In some cases, fluctuations in the monitored value may not be useful as an indication of sensor damage, and the sensor may need to be removed or replaced.

In some embodiments, the sensor transmits (eg, a beacon) data to a receiver, such as a sensor or sensor suite. A sensor package may also be referred to as a "sensor collective". The sensors in the sensor kit can be similar to those deployed in the space of an enclosure.

In some embodiments, the plurality of sensors are assembled into a sensor kit (eg, a sensor collective). At least two of the plurality of sensors can be of different types (eg, configured to measure different properties). Various sensor types can be assembled together (eg, bundled together) and form a sensor kit. A plurality of sensors can be coupled to an electronic board. The electrical connection of at least two of the plurality of sensors in the sensor set may be controlled (eg, manually and/or automatically). For example, the sensor kit is operably coupled to or includes a controller (eg, a microcontroller). The controller can control and switch on/off the connectivity of the sensor to power. The controller can thus control the time (eg, period) that the sensor will be operational.

In some embodiments, one or more sensors are added or removed from a sensor cluster, eg, disposed in an enclosure and/or in a sensor package (eg, a sensor collective). A newly added sensor can inform other members of the sensor cluster (eg, beacon) of its presence and relative location within the cluster's topology. Examples of sensor clusters can be found, for example, in US Provisional Patent Application No. 62/958,653, filed January 8, 2020, entitled "SENSOR AUTOLOCATION," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Examples of sensors and sensor collectives can be found, for example, in US Provisional Patent Application No. 62/967,204, entitled "SENSOR CALLIBRATION AND OPERATION," filed on January 29, 2020, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. manner is incorporated herein. Such examples include methods of using the sensor clusters, sensors and sensor collectives, software and apparatus in which the sensor clusters, sensors and sensor collectives are utilized and/or included.

Sensors in a sensor collective can be organized into sensor modules. The sensor collective may comprise a circuit board, such as a printed circuit board, with several sensors attached or attached to the circuit board. The sensor can be removed from the sensor module. For example, the sensor can be inserted and/or unplugged from the circuit board. The sensors can be individually activated and/or deactivated (eg, using switches). The circuit board may contain polymers. The circuit board may be transparent or opaque. Circuit boards may include metals (eg, elemental metals and/or metal alloys). The circuit board may contain conductors. The circuit board may contain insulators. The circuit board may contain any geometric shape (eg, rectangular or oval). The circuit board can be configured (eg, can have a shape) to allow the collective to be placed in a mullion (eg, of a window). The circuit board can be configured (eg, can have a shape) to allow the collective to be placed in a frame (eg, door and/or window frames). The mullion and/or frame may include one or more holes to allow the sensor to obtain (eg, accurate) readings. The circuit board may include electrical connectivity ports (eg, sockets). The circuit board can be connected to a power source (eg, electricity). The power source can include renewable or non-renewable power sources.

13 shows an example of a diagram 1300 of a sensor collective organized into a sensor module. Sensors 1310A, 1310B, 1310C, and 1310D are shown included in sensor collective 1305. A sensor collective organized into a sensor module may include at least 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 50, or 500 sensors. A sensor module can include a number of sensors in the range between any of the foregoing values (eg, from about 1 to about 1000, from about 1 to about 500, or from about 500 to about 1000 ). The sensors of the sensor module may include sensors configured or designed to sense parameters including temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, particulate matter (eg, between 2.5 μm and 10 μm), total volatile organic compounds (eg, via voltage potential changes caused by surface adsorption of volatile organic compounds), ambient light, audio noise levels, pressure (eg, gases and/or liquids), acceleration, time, radar, Lidar, radio signals (eg, UWB radio signals), passive infrared, glass breakage, or motion detectors. The sensor collective (eg, 1305) may include non-sensor devices such as buzzers and light emitting diodes. An example of a sensor collective and its use can be found in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16/447,169, entitled "SENSING AND COMMUNICATIONS UNIT FOR OPTICALLY SWITCHABLE WINDOW SYSTEMS," filed June 20, 2019, which is in its entirety Incorporated herein by reference.

In some embodiments, an increase in the number and/or type of sensors may be used to increase whether one or more measured properties are accurate and/or that a particular event measured by one or more sensors has occurred The probability. In some embodiments, sensors in a sensor cluster may cooperate with each other. In one example, a radar sensor in a sensor collective may determine that several individuals are present in the enclosure. A processor (eg, processor 1315) may determine that the detection of the presence of several individuals in the enclosure is positively correlated with an increase in carbon dioxide concentration. In one example, the processor-accessible memory may determine that the detected increase in infrared energy is positively correlated with the increase in temperature as detected by the temperature sensor. In some embodiments, a network interface (eg, 1350) can communicate with other sensor groups similar to sensor groups. The network interface may additionally communicate with the controller.

Individual sensors in a sensor collective (eg, sensor 1310A, sensor 1310D, etc.) may include and/or utilize at least one dedicated processor. The sensor collective may utilize a remote processor (eg, 1354) using wireless and/or wired communication links. The sensor collective may utilize at least one processor (eg, processor 1352), which may represent a cloud-based processor coupled to the sensor collective via the cloud (eg, 1350). The processors (eg, 1352 and/or 1354) may be located in the same building, in different buildings, in buildings owned by the same or different entities, facilities owned by the manufacturer of the window/controller/sensor collective in or at any other location. In various embodiments, as indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 13, the sensor collective 1305 need not include a separate processor and network interface. The sensor collective may be an architectural element. These entities may be separate entities and operably coupled to collective 305 . The dashed lines in Figure 13 designate optional features. In some embodiments, on-board processing and/or memory of one or more sensor groups may be used to support other functions (eg, by allocating collective memory and/or processing power to a building's network infrastructure) .

In some embodiments, a plurality of sensors of the same type may be distributed in the enclosure. At least one of the plurality of sensors of the same type may be part of a collective. For example, at least two of the plurality of sensors of the same type may be part of at least two groups. The sensor collectives may be distributed in the enclosure. The enclosure may contain meeting rooms. For example, a plurality of sensors of the same type can measure environmental parameters in a conference room. In response to measurements of environmental parameters of the enclosure, a parametric topology of the enclosure can be generated. The parametric topology can be generated using output signals from, for example, any type of sensor in the sensor set as disclosed herein. A parametric topology can be created for any enclosure of a facility, such as meeting rooms, hallways, restrooms, cafeterias, garages, auditoriums, utility rooms, storage rooms, machine rooms, and/or elevators.

14 shows an example of a diagram 1400 of a configuration of sensor groups distributed within an enclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 14 , a group of individuals 1410 is sitting in a conference room 1402 . The meeting room includes an "X" dimension to indicate length, a "Y" dimension to indicate height, and a "Z" dimension to indicate depth. XYZ is the direction of the Cartesian coordinate system. Sensor collectives 1405A, 1405B, and 1405C include sensors that may operate similar to those described with reference to sensor collective 1305 of FIG. 13 . At least two sensor groups (eg, 1405A, 1405B, and 1405C) can be integrated into a single sensor module. Sensor collectives 1405A, 1405B, and 1405C may include carbon dioxide ( _CO2 ) sensors, environmental noise sensors, or any other sensor disclosed herein. In the example shown in FIG. 14, the first sensor collective 1405A is positioned (eg, mounted) near a point 1415A, which may correspond to a ceiling, wall, or other location on the side of the table on which the individual group 1410 is seated in the location. In the example shown in FIG. 14 , the second sensor collective 1405B is positioned (eg, mounted) near a point 1415B, which may correspond to a point above (eg, directly above) the table on which the individual group 1410 is seated. A location in a ceiling, wall, or other location. In the example shown in FIG. 14, a third sensor collective 1405C may be positioned (eg, mounted) at or near a point 1415C, which may correspond to the side of a table on which a relatively small group of individuals 1410 are seated the ceiling, wall, or other location. Any number of additional sensors and/or sensor modules may be positioned elsewhere in meeting room 1402 . The sensor collective can be placed anywhere in the enclosure. The locations of sensor groups in the enclosure may have coordinates (eg, in a Cartesian coordinate system). At least one coordinate (eg, of x, y, and z) may differ between two or more sensor groups, eg, disposed in an enclosure. At least two coordinates (eg, of x, y, and z) may differ between two or more sensor groups, eg, disposed in an enclosure. All coordinates (eg, of x, y, and z) may differ between two or more sensor groups, eg, disposed in an enclosure. For example, two sensor groups can have the same x-coordinate, and different y and z-coordinates. For example, two sensor groups may have the same x and y coordinates, and different z coordinates. For example, the two sensor groups may have different x, y, and z coordinates.

In certain embodiments, one or more sensors in the sensor population provide readings. In some embodiments, the sensors are configured to sense and/or identify parameters. Parameters can include temperature, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, electromagnetic energy, pressure, acceleration, time, radar, lidar, glass breakage, movement, or gas. The gas may comprise Nobel gas. The gas may be harmful to ordinary people. The gas may be a gas present in the ambient atmosphere (eg, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ozone, chlorinated carbon compounds, or nitrogen). The gas may include radon, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, oxygen, water (eg, moisture). Electromagnetic sensors may include infrared, visible light, ultraviolet sensors. The infrared radiation may be passive infrared radiation (eg, blackbody radiation). Electromagnetic sensors can sense radio waves. Radio waves may include broadband or ultra-broadband radio signals. The radio waves may include pulsed radio waves. Radio waves may include radio waves used for communication. Gas sensors can sense gas type, flow (eg, velocity and/or acceleration), pressure, and/or concentration. Readings can have amplitude ranges. Readings can have parameter ranges. For example, the parameter can be the electromagnetic wavelength and the range can be the range of detected wavelengths.

In some embodiments, sensor data is responsive to the environment in the enclosure and/or any inducers of changes in this environment (eg, any environmental disturbances). Sensor data may be in response to emitters (eg, occupants, appliances (eg, heaters, coolers, ventilators, and/or vacuums) operatively coupled to the enclosure (eg, in the enclosure) ), opening). For example, sensor data may be responsive to air conditioning ducts, or to open windows. Sensor data may be responsive to activity occurring in the room. Activities may include human activities and/or non-human activities. Activities may include electronic activities, gaseous activities, and/or chemical activities. Activities can include sensory activities (eg, sight, touch, smell, hearing, and/or taste). Activity may include electronic and/or magnetic activity. Personnel may sense activity. Personnel may not feel activity. The sensor data may be in response to occupants in the enclosure, substance (eg, gas) flow, substance (eg, gas) pressure and/or temperature.

In one example, sensor collectives 1405A, 1405B, and 1405C include carbon dioxide ( _CO2 ) sensors and environmental noise sensors. The carbon dioxide sensors of sensor collective 1405A may provide readings as depicted in sensor output reading distribution 1425A. The noise sensors of sensor group 1405A can provide readings that are also depicted in sensor output reading distribution 1425A. The carbon dioxide sensors of sensor collective 1405B may provide readings as depicted in sensor output reading distribution 1425B. The noise sensors of sensor group 1405B may provide readings also as depicted in sensor output reading distribution 1425B. Relative to sensor output reading distribution 1425A, sensor output reading distribution 1425B may indicate higher carbon dioxide levels and noise levels. Relative to sensor output reading distribution 1425B, sensor output reading distribution 1425C may indicate lower carbon dioxide levels and noise levels. Sensor output reading profile 1425C may indicate carbon dioxide levels and noise levels similar to sensor output reading profile 1425A. Sensor output reading distributions 1425A, 1425B, and 1425C may include indications representing other sensor readings, such as temperature, humidity, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, ambient light, pressure, acceleration, time, radar, lidar, UWB radio signals, passive infrared and/or glass breakage, motion detectors.

In some embodiments, data is collected and/or processed (eg, analyzed) from sensors in sensors in an enclosure (eg, and in a sensor collective). Data processing can be done by the processor of the sensor, by the processor of the sensor group, by another sensor, by another group in the cloud, by the processor of the controller, by the processor in the enclosure, by the A processor outside the enclosure, executed by a remote processor (eg, in a different facility), by a manufacturer (eg, of sensors, windows, and/or building networks). The sensor's data may have a time indicator (eg, may be time-stamped). The sensor data may have a sensor location identification (eg, location stamped). The sensors may be identifiably coupled to one or more controllers.

In certain embodiments, sensor output reading distributions 1425A, 1425B, and 1425C may be processed. For example, as part of processing (eg, analysis), a distribution of sensor output readings may be plotted to depict sensor readings as a function of the size (eg, "X" dimension) of the enclosure (eg, meeting room 1402 ) on the graph. In one example, the carbon dioxide level indicated in the sensor output reading distribution 1425A may be indicated as point 1435A of the CO ₂ graph 1430 of FIG. 14 . In one example, the carbon dioxide content of sensor output reading distribution 1425B may be indicated as point 1435B of CO ₂ graph 1430 . In one example, the carbon dioxide level indicated in sensor output reading distribution 425C may be indicated as point 1435C of CO ₂ graph 1430 . In one example, the ambient noise level indicated in sensor output reading distribution 1425A may be indicated as point 1445A of noise graph 1440 . In one example, the ambient noise level indicated in sensor output reading distribution 1425B may be indicated as point 1445B of noise graph 1440 . In one example, the ambient noise level indicated in sensor output reading distribution 1425C may be indicated as point 1445C of noise graph 1440 .

In some embodiments, processing data derived from the sensor includes applying one or more models. Models may contain mathematical models. Processing may include fitting of models (eg, curve fitting). Models can be multi-dimensional (eg, two-dimensional or three-dimensional). The model can be represented as a graph (eg, a 2- or 3-dimensional graph). For example, the model may be represented as a contour map (eg, as depicted in Figure 13). Modeling can include one or more matrices. Models can contain topological models. The model can be related to the topology of the sensed parameter in the enclosure. The model can be related to the temporal variation of the topology of the sensed parameter in the enclosure. Models can be environment and/or enclosure specific. The model may take into account one or more properties of the enclosure (eg, size, openings, and/or environmental disruptors (eg, emitters)). The processing of sensor data may utilize historical sensor data and/or current (eg, real-time) sensor data. Data processing (eg, using models) may be used to predict environmental changes in enclosures and/or recommend measures to mitigate, adjust, or otherwise respond to changes.

In certain embodiments, sensor collectives 1405A, 1405B, and/or 1405C may have access to models to permit curve fitting of sensor readings as a function of one or more dimensions of the enclosure. In one example, the model can be accessed to generate sensor profiles 1450A, 1450B, 1450C, 1450D, and 1450E using points 1435A, 1435B, and 1435C of _CO2 plot 1430. In one example, the model can be accessed to generate sensor profiles 1451A, 1451B, 1451C, 1451B, and 1451E using points 1445A, 1445B, and 1445C of noise graph 1440 . Additional models may utilize additional readings from sensor populations (eg, 1405A, 1405B, and/or 1405C) to provide curves other than sensor profiles 1450 and 1451 of FIG. 14 . The sensor distribution curve generated in response to the use of the model and the sensor output reading distribution may indicate a function of the dimensions of the enclosure (eg, "X" dimension, "Y" dimension, and/or "Z" dimension) The value of a specific environment parameter.

In certain embodiments, one or more models used to form curves 1450A-1450E and 1451A-1451E may provide a parametric topology of the enclosure. In one example, a parametric topology (as represented by curves 1450A-1450E and 1451A-1451E) may be synthesized or generated from the sensor output reading distribution. The parametric topology can be any topology of sensed parameters disclosed herein. In one example, a parametric topology for a meeting room (eg, meeting room 1402 ) may include relatively low values at locations far from the meeting room table, and at locations above (eg, directly above) the meeting room table. Carbon dioxide distribution at a location with relatively high values. In one example, a parametric topology for a conference room may include multi-dimensional noise with relatively low values at locations far from the conference table and slightly higher values above (eg, directly above) the conference room table distributed.

In some embodiments, sensor data corresponding to an individual is collected upon arrival at an entry station or entry location of an enclosure (eg, facility). See, eg, Figures 4A and 4B for examples of inlet locations. In some embodiments, sensor data corresponding to individuals continues to be collected using additional sensors deployed throughout the facility, for example, as individuals move within enclosures and when tracking the movement of individuals within the facility. Thus, abnormal physical characteristics can be detected at different times by at least one sensor located in low, regular and/or high traffic areas of the facility and/or by at least one sensor. The individual may be located in various areas of the facility at different times (eg, when the individual has moved into another area). The at least one sensor may be a plurality of sensors distributed in the enclosure and configured to track physical characteristics of the individual at different locations in the enclosure. Sensor data may be obtained from a single sensor with uniformity of measurements that can be compared at different times. In some embodiments, sensor readings obtained at different times are compared to detect relative changes (eg, whether they exceed a threshold value) that may indicate a corresponding abnormality affecting an individual.

In some embodiments, sensor data is collected, compiled, and correlated to the individual person from which the measurements were obtained. The relationship may contain the identification (ID) of the individual. An identification may or may not contain an individual's personal data (eg, name, home address, phone number, government identification number, fingerprint, retinal scan, physical features and/or facial features). Sensor data (eg, including raw and/or processed measurements) may be communicated to a database (eg, via a controller or translater). Persons can be identified by tags including geolocation techniques, image processing of persons' faces, size, gait, blood pressure, infrared (IR) signatures, heart rate, and/or any other personal characteristic (eg, using radar, IR, etc.) . Geolocation technology may include radio frequency (eg, RFID) chips. Geolocation technologies may include BLE, GPS or UWB technologies. Communication may be to at least one software application (eg, executing in a mobile device of an individual or another person) and/or to a control system operatively coupled to an enclosure (eg, a building). An application (eg, a control system and/or a phone app) may maintain a table (for one or more users) of sensor IDs, physical characteristics (eg, temperature), and timestamps (eg, time and date). Data can be collected over time to determine the "normality" of each uniquely identified individual (eg, building occupant). The data collected can be used as a baseline for deviations from that individual's norm. Analysis of the collected data in the database related to individuals can be performed based on relative sensor data (eg, for a particular sensor). For example, relative sensor measurements of persons collected at different times can be compared. Since relative measurements are being used, it may not be necessary to calibrate the sensor from which the data is obtained. As long as the increments measured by the sensors are accurate (eg, as long as the relative measurements are accurate), the absolute value of the sensor data does not matter.

In some embodiments, an event (eg, a notification event) is triggered if the relative difference between the sensor measurements exceeds a threshold value. In order to determine relative difference thresholds to be used as triggers to identify abnormal conditions, personnel can be monitored over time to learn individual body characteristic behaviors (eg, oscillations) and behavioral patterns. Monitoring can be performed using learning modules. Learning modules may include artificial intelligence (AI) including machine learning. In one example, individual occupants and/or users of the enclosure (eg, where the user has a unique identifier such as "123") may exercise routines during lunchtime, and thus, their time period during that time period Temperature and heart rate usually increase significantly. The AI can take this into account when considering the adverse characteristic changes of user #123. For example, an individual's temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, etc. may vary over the course of the day according to normal circulation; and these patterns (which may be unique to the individual) may be recorded and criteria for the corresponding individual may be established. Seasonal variables and/or other extrinsic factors (referred to herein as "examples") can be input to ML to improve accuracy. Some of these paradigms can be quantified when collecting sensor data. The quantified values may be stored with the sensor data for data analysis, eg, to determine normal ranges of physical characteristics of an individual during various paradigms. Once an abnormal condition of the individual has been detected, a report can be generated. Optionally, a notification system may be activated to provide notification to infected individuals. In some embodiments, notifications (eg, also) are sent to contacts who may have been exposed to the infected individual.

15 shows a monitoring system 1500 to monitor one or more characteristics of an individual. To help identify individual users within the facility, individuals may have trackable devices 1501, such as cellular phones, smart phones, or RFID tags (eg, incorporated into identification/access badges). One or more sensors 1502 (eg, sensor collectives) may be deployed at controlled access points and/or at arbitrary locations throughout a facility for sensing characteristics of users at various times. In some embodiments, a trackable device is not required, with the limitation that the individual can be identified solely by sensor data (eg, facial recognition using camera imagery, or any other uniquely identifiable characteristic of the individual).

The controller system includes a module 1503 and a data compiler 1504 for ID and location tracking. Using sensor data from sensor 1502 and user identifiers from ID tracking module 1503, data compiler 1504 organizes sensors by individual (eg, user), sensor ID, time and date data to support the analysis of the physical characteristics of each tracked user over a time span. Organized data may be stored in personal database 1505 and/or common database 1506. The personal database 1505 may be stored on a mobile device carried by the user (eg, a smartphone running the corresponding app) or other personal device such as a laptop. The common database 1506 may be stored in the facility or in a network connection controller external to the facility (eg, remotely via the cloud). The use of a common database 1506 can be beneficial in conjunction with multiple user tracking and optionally performing notification and contact tracking as described below (eg, FIG. 17 ).

For users represented in databases 1505 and/or 1506, stored sensor data 1507 is analyzed for relative changes in physical characteristics. The analysis may use learning modules (eg, artificial intelligence including machine learning). The learning module 1507 may be implemented in a network connection controller or a dedicated user device (eg, a smart phone). In some embodiments, when new sensor data for a corresponding user is obtained and entered into database 1505 or 1506, analysis module 1507 determines whether sufficient data is stored to identify sensed characteristics that can be used for comparison related normality. Seasonal data 1508, other environmental and/or other contingent factors can all be provided to analysis module 1507, eg, to improve the determination of appropriate normality for the application to be applied. Reports are provided in 1509 by the analysis module. When the newly collected sensor data indicates an abnormal condition (eg, the difference between the new sensor data and the calculated criterion is greater than a threshold value), the notification system 1510 is optionally activated, eg, to inform the infected user 1511 , and/or contacts 1512 who may have been in proximity to user 1511 during abnormal conditions (eg, for a time period above a time threshold), and/or central administrators and/or health officials 1513 to issue various Notifications (eg, text messages or emails).

16 shows a flowchart of a method 1600 for processing sensor data and detecting abnormal physical characteristics (eg, conditions). The method of FIG. 16 may be performed by a centralized controller (eg, in a network and/or cloud-based server for a facility) and/or by a dedicated user device. At 1601, new sensor data is received, which may include sensor measurements of physical characteristics of an individual (eg, user), sensor ID, time and date of measurement, user ID, and/or ( Optionally) can characterize any exemplar value of an exogenous factor that can have a predictable effect on a physical characteristic (eg, a user's activity schedule). At 1602, incoming data is parsed into a personal and/or common database, eg, so that a profile can be created for each user in which the user's sensor data is aggregated according to, eg, a common paradigm. At 1603, a physical characteristic analysis is performed/updated, wherein the individual normality of the user may be established in conjunction with the sensor ID and/or any relevant paradigm. Establishing a normal state corresponding to a sensor ID may enable analysis to rely on relative changes in sensor measurements. With a sensor available that allows a calibrated accuracy that depends on the absolute magnitude of the sensor measurements, parsing of the data and establishment of normality can then be performed without regard to the sensor ID. At 1604, the established normality is compared to the new sensor data. If the difference is less than the threshold, return to 1601 to continue receiving and processing new sensor data. If the difference is greater than the threshold value, a notification of an abnormal condition is generated at 1605 . Appropriate magnitudes of threshold values may depend on the type of physical characteristic being monitored and/or the demographic classification of a particular user (eg, gender, age, and/or body type).

In some embodiments, tracking users in a facility provides a basis for identifying potential contacts of users whose abnormal physical characteristics are detected. For example, an optional building security contact tracking system can store the time and location of user movements for correlation. A tracking system may utilize (1) an adequate data infrastructure for (eg, anonymizing or identifying) application users' occupancy data, and (2) for retaining the time frame of their existence. As part or alone of tracking users and compiling sensor data during user occupancy of a facility (eg, including at least one building), each user may carry a user device. The time frame occupied by the user may be maintained locally and/or remotely (eg, stored in a tracking database) based at least in part on interactions with the user device. In some embodiments, the tracking of the user is based at least in part on the interaction between the ID device (eg, smartphone, RFID badge, or laptop) carried by the user and the wireless and/or wired network infrastructure. Communications based, at least in part, on geolocation methods such as GPS tracking, ranging, triangulation, WiFi presence, short-range communications such as UWB, and/or other methods. In some embodiments, user tracking is accomplished without a user-carried device, such as by utilizing remote sensing that relies on sensors deployed throughout the facility (eg, in a device collective) detection and recognition (for example, for facial recognition).

In some embodiments, anonymized or non-anonymized tracking statistics are maintained over a rolling period of time (eg, days, weeks, weeks, months, or years). For each person with a registered user ID, the location and time in the facility can be stored. When it is identified that a particular user has an abnormal condition, as a search criterion, the location and time of its movement in the building can be retrieved for extracting the convergence with the infected user (eg, within a certain distance and as the case may be) User ID and time of other facility occupants who are above a certain time threshold. Push notifications to other facility users on site (eg, colleagues or co-habitants) may be anonymized or identified within time frames of potential exposure. In some embodiments, the local terminal retains a time frame of possible exposure to facilitate compliance with medical practices (eg, in jurisdictions) for appropriate isolation and/or disinfection procedures, eg, to enable investigation of infected persons and/or Targeted responses were made to those areas of the facility that were most frequently visited by infected individuals.

17 shows a tracking system 1700 that can operate independently or as part of a body characteristic monitoring system embedded in a network in a facility. Presence log database 1701 includes a plurality of presence logs or buffers for each registered user ID, such as buffer 1702 for user X and buffer 1703 for user Y. Each buffer compiles an array of times and locations that track the respective user, and measurements of one or more sensor types, during a rolling time period defined by a specified retention time. Data that has been stored in the buffer longer than the retention time may optionally be discarded 1740 as old data (eg, to alleviate personal security concerns regarding data that may no longer be needed for contact tracing functions). New tracking data is entered into database 1701 via interface 1704, which may include resources on the network. The network may be a controller network. Optionally, anonymizer 1705 may be coupled to interface 1704 that converts actual user ID-based tracking data into anonymized identifiers for storage in database 1701 . Anonymizer 1705 may include advanced security devices that prevent user tracking information such as stored in database 1701 from revealing user movements if database 1701 is compromised. Anonymizer 1705 is configured to mask user data when it is stored, and to unmask the data for the limited purpose of sending notifications when the anonymized data is used to identify potential contacts. At 1710 in Figure 17, each person entering the facility presents whether or not they are authorized to enter. The time and place of entry is relayed through interface 1704 (and optionally through anonymizer 1705) for storage in that person's corresponding presence log. At 1720, the movement of the person is tracked during the time the person is at the facility. Tracking may be recorded as time spent within a predetermined area (eg, zone) of the facility, eg, in order to reduce data storage requirements and/or processing time. Zones can be fixed zones or can be dynamically defined according to the type of use and/or the changing number of occupants in the space. Continuous tracking data (eg, tracked by sensors located throughout the facility) may be forwarded through interface 1704 (and optionally through anonymizer 1705 ) for storage in corresponding presence logs. Tracking ceases when personnel leave the facility at 1730.

In some embodiments, body characteristic tracking sensors may be located throughout the facility. Multiple sensor types may be required to track (eg, accurately) one characteristic of an individual throughout the facility. A single sensor type may be required to track (eg, accurately) one characteristic of an individual throughout the facility. In some embodiments, a network of sensors tracks a physical characteristic of individuals in the facility. In some embodiments, the sensor network tracks a plurality of different physical characteristics of individuals in the facility. Tracking physical characteristics of individuals in a facility may include recording the identification of the individual, the location of the individual in the facility, the time and date of the measurement, a type of sensor measurement (eg, infrared sensor measurement), and visual Another type of sensor measurement (eg, visible light sensor measurement) is required to accurately reflect an individual's physical characteristics.

18 shows a flowchart of a method for contact tracing based at least in part on a presence record database. The retrieval of the facility zone and time at which a particular user is present in the facility is performed at 1801, either upon automatic detection of a user with abnormal physical characteristics (eg, high temperature), or upon the occurrence of other triggering events such as Begins when users and/or health officials to facility and/or network administrators report that a user has suffered a physical abnormality (eg, disease). At 1802, the retrieved locations (eg, zones) and times are compared to scrolling data of times and locations stored for other users, eg, to find out, where appropriate, for a certain period of time exceeding a time threshold Proximity within the distance threshold and results in a report 1803. The results can optionally trigger notifications 1804 to: (i) a specific user, (ii) a user who may become infected by being near a specific user for an excessive amount of time, (iii) a facility, a resident in a facility Responsible parties of the facility and/or facility-owning facility, and/or (iv) jurisdictional officials (eg, health and/or government officials). From time to time, report generation and optional notification may occur for selected types of identified abnormal physical characteristics (eg, fever, rather than abnormal sweating).

In some embodiments, facility occupant tracking data may be utilized to assist in maintaining physical distancing between occupants (eg, maintaining social distancing above a distance threshold). The user can notify the network (eg, using a software application-app) of his destination. For example, a user sitting at an office desk wants to go to conference room X. The app can use the tracking data and suggest the best route with the fewest occupants from the occupant's current location (eg, table) to the occupant's destination in the facility (eg, meeting room X). Apps may use predictive analytics (eg, using machine learning, facility occupancy scheduling, and/or facility activity scheduling) to predict enclosure occupancy during the requested movement time of the requesting user. The app may suggest the best route from the occupant's current location (eg, table) to the occupant's destination in the facility (eg, meeting room X) with the least occupancy during the expected travel time. As a user begins traveling from their location (eg, desk) toward their requested destination (eg, meeting room X), the controller may review the tracking database to check for other clusters of occupants along the predicted path (eg, in real time during occupant travel). When this cluster is discovered, alternative routes can be evaluated to find and suggest another available less congested route to the destination. This less crowded route option may be automatically shared with the user by the app (eg, pushed to the user).

19 shows an example of a flowchart 1900 depicting operations for suggesting an optimal route to an occupant requesting the least congested route to a destination in a facility. In 1901, a target route is entered by the occupant. The identity and/or route of the occupant may be entered (eg, automatically) via the facility's network (eg, using sensors). Occupants can manually enter their current location and/or identity into the app. Occupant density estimates for various routes in the enclosure from the occupant's current location to the occupant's target destination are evaluated in 1902, followed by identification and suggestion of the least congested route (eg, route) to the destination in 1903. Optional tracking of the route during travel is suggested in 1908, which includes tracking occupant movement along the route in 1904 (eg, in real time), evaluating occupant density along the route in 1905 (eg, in real time) ) and in 1906 it is determined whether a less congested route is available (eg, in real time). When a less congested route is available, the occupant is notified of an optional less congested route.

In some embodiments, facility occupant tracking data may be utilized to assist in maintaining physical distancing (eg, social distancing) between occupants. When tracking occupants within a facility, the learning module may compile typical movements of individuals and/or the occurrence of recurring events at various times of the day. Using the user's learned mobility trends, the learning module predicts where people go when they move. When the learning module identifies a predicted path of movement for a particular user, the controller (eg, using a processor) can assess conditions (eg, crowded or not) on the expected path. In the event that the conditions in the user's intended route are congested, a (eg, push) notification with a recommended route may be sent to the user to avoid congested areas (eg, to maintain the user's awareness while the user is taking the route). social distancing). For example, a user may have a tracking history showing repeating movement patterns from their desk to the print station, from the print station to the filing room, and then from the filing room back to their desk. As the user begins to travel from his desk toward the printing station, the controller can predict this round trip, and then review the tracking database to check for other clusters of occupants along the predicted path. When such a cluster is discovered, alternative routes can be evaluated to find another available less or least congested route to the destination (eg, to avoid encountering other people). Alternate routes can be shared with the user automatically by the app.

19 shows an example of a flowchart 1950 depicting operations for suggesting an optimal route to an occupant requesting the least congested route to a destination in a facility. At 1951, the user IDs of the occupants present in the facility are recorded. This can be done by identifying the occupant when the occupant enters the facility or by any other recording of the occupant (eg, manually recorded by the occupant). The location of the user is tracked at 1952 while the user is present in the facility. Users' data points are accumulated over time, and when data is created (eg, a study set serving as a learning module), the learning (and prediction) module analyzes user movement over time and location to Movement patterns (eg, over time) 1953 of the occupants in the enclosure are learned. A check is made at 1957 to determine whether the learning module predicts that a movement will occur based, at least in part, on tracking the user (eg, based on previous movement routes, movement origins, movement destinations, and/or movement times). possibility. If no movement is predicted, further monitoring and optimization of the prediction model is performed at 1952. If a movement is predicted, then at 1954 the predicted route is assessed for occupant density (eg, for possible interactions with building occupants and/or other possible risks). At 1955, congestion of occupants in various routes to the predicted destination is determined and compared. Inform occupants of the least congested route. If no better route is available, then at 1955 further monitoring and optimization of the predicted model and/or congestion of the route is performed. If a less congested route is found, then at 1956 the occupant is notified of an alternative preferred route. Next, return to 1952 for further monitoring and optimization of the predictive model. Surveillance can continue regardless of whether the occupant takes the route or not. Monitoring may continue in real time while the occupant travels along the route. Crowd estimation may take into account both real-time congestion and forecasted congestion (eg, using predictive analytics, such as using machine learning, occupancy scheduling for the facility, and/or event scheduling for the facility).

In some embodiments, environmental characteristics are monitored using any of the described sensor modalities to find unusual characteristics of people and/or surfaces in the facility. For example, changes in humidity can be monitored as an indication of excessive sweating by a sick person. Similarly, gas or chemical concentrations can be monitored as indicators of various diseases. In some embodiments, sensors or groups of sensors deployed in a facility are used to sense and/or identify designated surfaces (eg, furniture and/or fixture surfaces such as countertops, temperature of doors, table tops, handles, windows, frames, etc.). Such surfaces may be selected because they are important reservoirs of infectious agents (eg, pathogens) that collect and may pass on to other occupants (eg, without disinfection). These surfaces can be targeted for routine cleaning and monitoring. Surface monitoring can be initiated manually or by otherwise detecting cleaning activity. After cleaning (eg, with typical disinfectants and/or other liquids), evaporation of the cleaning liquid (eg, solvent) from the surface can cool the surface. Temperature drop (eg, above a threshold value and/or rate of temperature drop) can be detected, for example, by measuring surface temperature at a plurality of sample times, and comparing a plurality of consecutive samples (eg, two or more) ) to detect cleaning events, which are due to the reduction in surface temperature due to evaporation. Once a cleaning event has been identified, the elapsed time since the last cleaning of the surface can be detected. In some embodiments, the surface temperature may be measured intermittently or (eg, substantially) continuously (eg, at a predetermined sampling rate) to determine the time elapsed since the last cleaning and, as appropriate, whether the surface requires a second cleaning (eg, due to excessive time elapsed since the last cleaning event).

20 shows a flowchart of one example of a method for monitoring the cleaning of a surface. At 2001, at least one surface to be cleaned (eg, and disinfected) is identified. For example, the surface may be specified by the facility manager. At 2002, sensors (eg, remote temperature sensors, IR thermal cameras, and/or air temperature sensors) are utilized to measure the temperature at or near the surface (eg, compared to ambient temperature (eg, room temperature)). A check is performed at 2003 to determine if there is a predetermined reduction in the measured temperature of a particular surface (eg, it is not accompanied by a matching reduction in ambient temperature). The purpose of jointly monitoring the ambient temperature may be to exclude the possibility that the surface temperature will drop in response to changes in the ambient temperature. If the surface temperature drops by a predetermined amount that exceeds any simultaneous drop in ambient temperature, then cleaning is determined to have occurred, and at 2004 a cleaning event is logged. At 2005, the elapsed time since the last cleaning event is compared to a time threshold (eg, threshold X, where X is a specified time period according to the requested cleaning schedule). If the elapsed time exceeds a threshold, a notification is sent at 2006 to initiate cleaning. For example, a designated person (eg, building manager) is notified that cleaning of the surface has expired. For example, start an automatic cleaner (eg, automatic wipers). After 2005 or 2006, a time delay 2007 may optionally be inserted before returning to 2002, eg for re-measurement of the surface temperature (and optionally also the ambient temperature).

In some embodiments, the sensor is operatively coupled to at least one controller and/or processor. Sensor readings may be obtained by one or more processors and/or controllers. A controller may include a processing unit (eg, a CPU or GPU). The controller can receive input (eg, from at least one sensor). The controller may include electrical circuits, electrical wiring, optical wiring, sockets and/or sockets. The controller can deliver output. A controller may contain multiple (eg, sub) controllers. The controller may be part of a control system. The control system may include a main controller, a floor (eg, including a network controller) controller, and a local controller. The local controller may be a window controller (eg, controlling an optically switchable window), an enclosure controller, or a component controller. For example, the controller may be a hierarchical control system (eg, including a master controller that directs one or more controllers, eg, floor controllers, local controllers (eg, window controllers), enclosure controllers) and/or component controller). The physical location of controller types in a hierarchical control system can change. For example, at the first time: the first processor can assume the role of the main controller, the second processor can assume the role of the floor controller, and the third processor can assume the role of the local controller. At the second time: the second processor can assume the role of the main controller, the first processor can assume the role of the floor controller, and the third processor can maintain the role of the local controller. At the third time: the third processor can assume the role of the main controller, the second processor can assume the role of the floor controller, and the first processor can assume the role of the local controller. The controller may control one or more devices (eg, directly coupled to the devices). A controller may be positioned proximate to the device or devices it controls. For example, the controller may control optically switchable devices (eg, IGUs), antennas, sensors, and/or output devices (eg, light sources, sound sources, odor sources, gas sources, HVAC outlets, or heaters). In one embodiment, the floor controls may indicate one or more window controls, one or more enclosure controls, one or more component controls, or any combination thereof. Floor controllers may include floor controllers. For example, a floor (eg, including a network) controller can control a plurality of local (eg, including a window) controller. A plurality of local controllers may be located in a portion of a facility (eg, in a portion of a building). Part of the facility may be the floor of the facility. For example, floor controllers can be assigned to floors. In some embodiments, a floor may include a plurality of floor controllers, eg, depending on the floor size and/or the number of local controllers coupled to the floor controllers. For example, a floor controller can be assigned to a portion of a floor. For example, a floor controller can be assigned to a portion of the home controller located in the facility. For example, a floor controller can be assigned to a portion of a floor of a facility. The main controller can be coupled to one or more floor controllers. Floor controllers can be placed in the facility. The main controller can be located in the facility or outside the facility. The main controller can be located in the cloud. The controller may be part of or operatively coupled to the building management system. The controller can receive one or more inputs. The controller can generate one or more outputs. The controller may be a single-input single-output controller (SISO) or a multiple-input multiple-output controller (MIMO). The controller can interpret the received input signal. The controller may obtain data from one or more components (eg, sensors). Acquiring can include receiving or extracting. Data may include measurements, estimates, determinations, generation, or any combination thereof. The controller may contain feedback control. The controller may include feedforward control. Control may include on-off control, proportional control, proportional-integral (PI) control, or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. Control can include open loop control or closed loop control. The controller may contain closed loop control. The controller may contain open loop control. The controller may include a user interface. The user interface may include (or be operatively coupled to) a keyboard, keypad, mouse, touch screen, microphone, speech recognition package, camera, imaging system, or any combination thereof. The output may include a display (eg, a screen), speakers, or a printer. 21 shows an example of a control system architecture 2100 that includes a master controller 2108 that controls floor controllers 2106, which in turn control local controllers 2104. In some embodiments, the local controller controls one or more IGUs, one or more sensors, one or more output devices (eg, one or more emitters), or any combination thereof. 21 shows an example of a configuration in which a master controller is operatively coupled (eg, wirelessly and/or wired) to a building management system (BMS) 2124 and database 2120. Arrows in FIG. 21 indicate communication paths. The controller is operatively coupled (eg, directly/indirectly and/or wired and/wirelessly) to the external source 2110 . External sources can include networks. The external source may include one or more sensors or output devices. External sources may include cloud-based applications and/or databases. Communication may be wired and/or wireless. External sources may be located outside the facility. For example, the external source may include one or more sensors and/or antennas disposed, for example, on a wall or ceiling of a facility. Communication can be one-way or two-way. In the example shown in Figure 21, the communication of all communication arrows is meant to be bidirectional.

22 shows a flowchart of a method 2200 for detecting disturbances in environmental properties of an enclosure. The method of FIG. 22 may be performed by individual sensors in a sensor collective. The method of FIG. 22 may be performed by a first sensor coupled to (eg, in communication with) a second sensor. The method of FIG. 22 may be directed by a controller coupled to (eg, in communication with) the first and/or second sensors. The method of FIG. 22 begins at 2210, where sensor readings are obtained from one or more sensors in a sensor population. At 2220, the readings are processed (eg, by considering enclosures, historical readings, benchmarking, and/or modeling) to produce results. At 2230, the results are utilized to detect environmental changes (eg, at specific times and/or locations), and/or to predict future readings for one or more sensors. At 2240, the results may optionally be communicated, eg, to the interested party.

In certain embodiments, sensor readings from a particular sensor may be correlated with sensor readings from sensors of the same type or a different type. Receiving sensor readings may cause the sensor to access relevant data from other sensors disposed within the same enclosure. Based at least in part on accessing the correlation data, the reliability of the sensor can be determined or estimated. In response to determining or estimating sensor reliability, sensor output readings may be adjusted (eg, increased/decreased). Reliability values can be assigned to sensors based on adjusted sensor readings.

The sensor readings can be any type of readings, such as motion detection of an individual in a closed body, temperature, humidity, or any other property detected by the sensor. Sensor readings can be correlated with correlation data. Relevant data can be accessed from other sensors disposed in the enclosure. Correlation data can be related to output readings from sensors of the same type or different types of sensors operating within the enclosure. In one example, the noise sensor may access data from the motion sensor to determine whether one or more individuals have entered the enclosure. Movement of one or more individuals within the enclosure may emit a targeted noise. In one example, the output signal from the noise sensor may be confirmed by a second noise sensor and/or by a motion detector. Based at least in part on the accessed correlation data, an operational analysis (eg, assessment) of environmental characteristics at one or more locations of the environment can be performed. One or more locations can be correlated to the location of the individual in the environment (eg, to detect any abnormal physical characteristics of the individual). Environmental characteristics perturbed by individuals in the environment can be detected to find any abnormal physical characteristics. Once any abnormal bodily characteristics are analyzed for the detected environmental characteristics, they can be reported (eg, as disclosed herein).

23 shows an example of a controller 2305 for controlling one or more sensors. Controller 2305 includes sensor correlator 2310 , model generator 2315 , event detector 2320 , processor and memory 2325 , and network interface 2350 . The sensor correlator 2310 is used to detect correlations between or among various sensor types. For example, an increase in infrared energy measured by an infrared radiation sensor may be positively correlated with an increase in measured temperature. The sensor correlator may establish correlation coefficients, such as coefficients for negatively correlated sensor readings (eg, correlation coefficients between -1 and 0). For example, a sensor correlator may establish a coefficient for positively correlated sensor readings (eg, a correlation coefficient between 0 and +1).

In some embodiments, sensor data may be time-dependent. In some embodiments, sensor data may be spatially dependent. The model may exploit temporal and/or spatial dependencies of sensed parameters. The model generator may permit fitting of sensor readings as a function of one or more dimensions of the enclosure. In one example, a model providing a sensor profile of carbon dioxide may utilize various gaseous diffusion models, which may allow prediction of carbon dioxide content at points between sensor locations. A processor and memory can help process the model.

In some embodiments, sensors and/or groups of sensors may act as event detectors. Event detectors may be used to indicate the activity of sensors in the enclosure. In one example, in response to the event detector determining that very few individuals remain in the enclosure, the event detector may instruct the carbon dioxide sensor to reduce the sampling rate. Decreasing the sampling rate can extend the life of a sensor (eg, a carbon dioxide sensor). In another example, the event detector may increase the sampling rate of the carbon dioxide sensor in response to the event detector determining that a large number of individuals are present in the room. In one example, in response to the event detector receiving a signal from the glass break sensor, the event detector may activate one or more motion detectors of the enclosure, one or more radar units of the detector. A network interface (eg, 2350) may be configured or designed to communicate with one or more sensors via wireless communication links, wired communication links, or any combination thereof.

A controller may monitor and/or direct (eg, physical) changes to the operating conditions of the apparatus, software, and/or methods described herein. Controlling may include regulating, manipulating, limiting, directing, monitoring, adjusting, modulating, changing, altering, restraining, checking, directing or managing. Controlling (eg, by a controller) may include attenuating, modulating, varying, managing, suppressing, discipline, regulating, constraining, supervising, manipulating, and/or directing. Controlling may include controlling a control variable (eg, temperature, power, voltage, and/or distribution). Control can include real-time or offline control. The calculations utilized by the controller may be performed in real time and/or offline. The controller can be manual or non-manual. The controller may be an automatic controller. The controller can operate on request. The controller may be a programmable controller. The controller can be programmed. A controller may include a processing unit (eg, a CPU or GPU). The controller can receive input (eg, from at least one sensor). The controller can deliver output. A controller may contain multiple (eg, sub) controllers. The controller may be part of a control system. The control system may include master controllers, floor controllers, local controllers (eg, enclosure controllers or window controllers). The controller can receive one or more inputs. The controller can generate one or more outputs. The controller may be a single-input single-output controller (SISO) or a multiple-input multiple-output controller (MIMO). The controller can interpret the received input signal. The controller may obtain data from one or more sensors. Acquiring can include receiving or extracting. Data may include measurements, estimates, determinations, generation, or any combination thereof. The controller may contain feedback control. The controller may include feedforward control. Control may include on-off control, proportional control, proportional-integral (PI) control, or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. Control can include open loop control or closed loop control. The controller may contain closed loop control. The controller may contain open loop control. The controller may include a user interface. The user interface may include (or be operatively coupled to) a keyboard, keypad, mouse, touch screen, microphone, speech recognition package, camera, imaging system, or any combination thereof. The output may include a display (eg, a screen), speakers, or a printer.

The methods, systems and/or apparatus described herein may include a control system. The control system can communicate with any of the devices (eg, sensors) described herein. The sensors may be of the same type or of different types, eg, as described herein. For example, the control system may communicate with the first sensor and/or the second sensor. The control system can control one or more sensors. The control system may control one or more components of the building management system (eg, lighting, security and/or air conditioning systems). The controller can adjust at least one (eg, environmental) characteristic of the enclosure. The control system may use any component of the building management system to regulate the enclosure environment. For example, the control system may regulate the energy supplied by the heating element and/or the cooling element. For example, the control system may regulate the speed of air flowing through the vent to and/or from the enclosure. The control system may include a processor. The processor may be a processing unit. The controller may include a processing unit. The processing unit may be central. The processing unit may include a central processing unit (abbreviated herein as "CPU"). The processing unit may be a graphics processing unit (abbreviated herein as "GPU"). A controller or control mechanism (eg, including a computer system) can be programmed to implement one or more of the methods of the present disclosure. A processor can be programmed to implement the methods of the present disclosure. A controller may control at least one component forming the systems and/or apparatus disclosed herein.

24 shows a schematic example of a computer system 2400 programmed or otherwise configured for one or more operations of any of the methods provided herein. The computer system may control (eg, instruct, monitor, and/or adjust) various features of the methods, apparatus, and systems of the present disclosure, such as controlling heating, cooling, lighting, and/or ventilation of the enclosure, or any combination thereof. The computer system may be part of, or be in communication with, any sensor or group of sensors disclosed herein. A computer may be coupled to one or more of the mechanisms disclosed herein and/or any portion thereof. For example, a computer may be coupled to one or more sensors, valves, switches, lights, windows (eg, IGUs), motors, pumps, optical components, or any combination thereof. A computer system may include any of the at least one processor and/or circuit board disclosed herein, such as in the context of temperature measurement.

A computer system may include a processing unit (eg, 2406) ("processor", "computer" and "computer processor" are also used herein). A computer system may include memory or memory locations (eg, 2402) (eg, random access memory, ROM, flash memory), electronic storage units (eg, 2404) (eg, hard disks), Communication interfaces (eg, 2403) for communicating with one or more other systems (eg, network adapters), and peripheral devices (eg, 2405), such as cache memory, other memory, data storage and/or electronic display adapter. In the example shown in Figure 24, memory 2402, storage unit 2404, interface 2403, and peripherals 2405 communicate with processing unit 2406 through a communication bus (solid line) such as a motherboard. The storage unit may be a data storage unit (or data repository) for storing data. The computer system may be operatively coupled to a computer network ("network") (eg, 2401) by means of a communication interface. A network can be the Internet, an Internet and/or an inter-enterprise network, or a corporate intranet and/or an inter-enterprise network that communicates with the Internet. In some cases, the network is a telecommunications and/or data network. A network may include one or more computer servers that may enable distributed computing, such as cloud computing. In some cases, a network may implement a peer-to-peer network with the aid of a computer system, which may enable devices coupled to the computer system to act as clients or servers. A computer system may include any of the at least one processor and/or circuit board disclosed herein, such as in the context of temperature measurement.

The processing unit can execute a sequence of machine-readable instructions that can be embodied in a program or software. These instructions may be stored in memory locations such as memory 2402. Instructions may be directed to a processing unit, which may then be programmed or otherwise configured to implement the methods of the present disclosure. Examples of operations performed by a processing unit may include fetching, decoding, executing, and writing back. The processing unit may interpret and/or execute the instructions. Processors may include microprocessors, data processors, central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), system-on-chips (SOCs), co-processors, network processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , Application Specific Instruction Set Processor (ASIP), controller, Programmable Logic Device (PLD), Chipset, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or any combination thereof. The processing unit may be part of a circuit such as an integrated circuit. One or more of the other components of system 1800 may be included in a circuit.

The storage unit can store files, such as drivers, libraries, and saved programs. The storage unit may store user data (eg, user preferences and user programs). In some cases, the computer system may include one or more additional data storage units external to the computer system, such as on remote servers that communicate with the computer system through an intranet or the Internet.

The computer system may communicate with one or more remote computer systems through a network. For example, a computer system can communicate with a remote computer system of a user (eg, an operator). Examples of remote computer systems include personal computers (eg, portable PCs), tablet or tablet PCs (eg, Apple® iPad, Samsung® Galaxy Tab), telephones, smart phones (eg, Apple® iPhone, Android-enabled device, Blackberry®) or personal digital assistant. A user (eg, a client) can access the computer system via a network.

The methods as described herein may be implemented by means of machine (eg, computer processor) executable code stored on an electronic storage location of a computer system, such as in memory 2402 or an electronic storage unit 2404 on. Machine-executable or machine-readable code may be provided in the form of software. During use, processor 2406 can execute code. In some cases, the code may be retrieved from the storage unit and stored on memory ready for access by the processor. In some cases, the electronic storage unit may be eliminated and the machine-executable instructions stored on memory.

The code may be precompiled and configured for use with a machine having a processor adapted to execute the code, or may be compiled during runtime. The code may be supplied in a programming language that may be selected to enable the code to be executed in a precompiled or as-compiled manner.

In some embodiments, the processor includes program code. The code may be program instructions. Program instructions may cause at least one processor (eg, a computer) to direct the feedforward and/or feedback control loop. In some embodiments, the program instructions cause the at least one processor to instruct a closed loop and/or an open loop control scheme. Control may be based, at least in part, on one or more sensor readings (eg, sensor data). One controller can instruct multiple operations. At least two operations may be instructed by different controllers. In some embodiments, a different controller may direct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). In some embodiments, different controllers may direct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable medium causes each distinct computer to instruct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). In some embodiments, different non-transitory computer-readable media cause each different computer to instruct at least two of operations (a), (b), and (c). The controller and/or computer-readable medium may be indicative of any of the apparatuses disclosed herein or components thereof. The controller and/or computer-readable medium may instruct any operation of the methods disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, at least one sensor is operatively coupled to a control system (eg, a computerized control system). Sensors may include light sensors, acoustic sensors, vibration sensors, chemical sensors, electrical sensors, magnetic sensors, mobility sensors, motion sensors, speed sensors, position sensors sensor, pressure sensor, force sensor, density sensor, distance sensor or proximity sensor. Sensors may include temperature sensors, weight sensors, material (eg, powder) content sensors, metrology sensors, gas sensors, or humidity sensors. Metrology sensors may include measurement sensors (eg, height, length, width, angle, and/or volume). Metrology sensors may include magnetic, acceleration, orientation, or optical sensors. Sensors can transmit and/or receive acoustic (eg, echo), magnetic, electronic, or electromagnetic signals. Electromagnetic signals may include visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, ultrasonic, radio waves, or microwave signals. The gas sensor can sense any of the gases described herein. The distance sensor may be one type of metrology sensor. Distance sensors may include optical sensors or capacitive sensors. Temperature sensors may include bolometers, bimetals, calorimeters, exhaust thermometers, flame detection, Gardon meters, Golay cells, heat flux sensors, infrared thermometers, micro- bolometers, microwave radiometers, net radiometers, quartz thermometers, resistance temperature detectors, resistance thermometers, silicon bandgap temperature sensors, special sensors microwave/imagers, thermometers, thermistors, thermocouples, thermometers (eg resistance thermometer) or pyrometer. The temperature sensor may include an optical sensor. The temperature sensor may include image processing. The temperature sensor may include a camera (eg, IR camera, CCD camera). Pressure sensors may include barometers, barometers, booster gauges, Bourdon gauges, hot filament ionization gauges, ionization gauges, McLeod gauges, U-shaped oscillating tubes , permanent downhole manometer, manometer, Pirani gauge, pressure sensor, manometer, tactile sensor or time pressure gauge. Position sensors may include growth meters, capacitive displacement sensors, capacitive sensing, free fall sensors, gravimeters, gyroscope sensors, crash sensors, inclinometers, integrated circuit piezoelectric sensing sensors, laser rangefinders, laser surface velocimeters, lidars, linear encoders, linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs), liquid capacitance inclinometers, odometers, photoelectric sensors, piezoelectric accelerometers, Rate Sensors, Rotary Encoders, Rotary Variable Differential Transformers, Synchronizers, Shock Detectors, Shock Data Loggers, Tilt Sensors, Tachometers, Ultrasonic Thickness Gauges, Variable Reluctance Sensors or speed receiver. Optical sensors can include charge-coupled devices, colorimeters, contact image sensors, electro-optical sensors, infrared sensors, dynamic inductance detectors, light emitting diodes (eg, light sensors), Optically addressable potentiometric sensors, Nichols radiometers, fiber optic sensors, optical position sensors, photodetectors, photodiodes, photomultipliers, phototransistors, photoinductors detectors, photoionization detectors, photomultipliers, photoresistors, photoswitches, photocells, scintillation counters, Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors (Shack-Hartmann), single-photon burst diodes, super Conductive nanowire single-photon detectors, transition edge sensors, visible light photon counters or wavefront sensors. One or more sensors can be connected to the control system (eg, to a processor, to a computer). The sensor may comprise complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS).

In various embodiments, the network infrastructure supports a control system for one or more windows such as electrochromic (eg, tintable) windows. The control system may include one or more controllers operatively coupled (eg, directly or indirectly) to the one or more windows. Although the disclosed embodiments describe electrochromic windows (also referred to herein as "optically switchable windows," "tintable windows," or "smart windows"), the concepts disclosed herein may be applied to other types of Such switchable optical devices include, for example, liquid crystal devices or suspended particle devices. For example, liquid crystal devices and/or suspended particle devices may be implemented as an alternative or in addition to electrochromic devices. Tintable windows may be operated using liquid crystal devices, suspended particle devices, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices (such as micro-shutters), or any technology now known or later developed that is configured to control the transmission of light through a window. Windows (eg, with MEMS devices for coloring) are described in US Patent Application Serial No. 14/443,353, entitled "MULTI-PANE WINDOWS INCLUDING ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES AND ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS DEVICES," filed May 15, 2015, This application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In some cases, one or more tintable windows may be located within the building, such as between a conference room and a hallway. In some cases, one or more tintable windows may be used in automobiles, trains, airplanes, and other vehicles, eg, in place of passive and/or non-tinted windows.

In some embodiments, the individual's physical properties may be performed at certain locations on the body. For example, the temperature can be measured on the forehead. At least one sensor can be positioned in a structure (eg, a fixture) to measure body characteristics. Sensors can be focused on the body location to sense and/or identify body characteristics. For example, a sensor can be focused on the forehead to measure temperature. The sensor can be instructed to focus on a certain lateral (eg, horizontal) distance from the sensor. The distance may correspond to the distance of the body position. The distance may correspond to a designated location of the individual and the sensor. The sensor can be instructed to focus on a certain vertical distance from the sensor. The vertical distance may correspond to the vertical distance of the body position. The distance may correspond to the average position of the body position in the population, eg depending on age group and/or gender.

In some embodiments, the sensor is operatively coupled to the network. At least one controller operatively coupled to the network (eg, operatively coupled to one or more processors of the network) may instruct the sensor to focus on the body based at least in part on image recognition of facial landmarks position. Facial landmark recognition may utilize one or more (eg, other) sensors, such as sensors for visible light and/or IR sensors. The sensor may be configured to identify the individual based at least in part on (i) the individual's temperature compared to the surrounding and/or background, (ii) the individual's facial landmark features. The distance between the facial features and/or the size of the facial features and their comparison to the average population can be used to estimate the lateral (eg, horizontal) distance of an individual from the sensor. For example, the distance between the eyes. For example, the size of the pupil. Lateral distance can be estimated using a combination of IR sensor and visible light sensor (eg, camera) data based at least in part on thermal signatures in environments with different (eg, lower) thermal signatures to identify individuals. The sensors used at least in part to identify the body position of the individual (eg, the forehead) may be the same or different from the sensors used to measure the body characteristics (eg, temperature) of the individual.

In some embodiments, body characteristics (eg, temperature) are measured at a lateral distance from the sensor (eg, at a focal distance from the sensor). Personnel can be placed at approximately the lateral measurement distance. The lateral distance may be at least about 0.1 meter (m), 0.3 m, 0.6 m, 0.9 m, or 1 m. The lateral measurement distance from the sensor can be between any of the aforementioned distances (eg, from about 0.1 m to about 1 m). The sensor can have a dwell time during which the body characteristic can be measured. The residence time can be up to about 0.25 seconds (s), 0.5 s, 1 s, 1.5 s, 2 s, 3 s, 4 s, or 5 s. The residence time can have any value between the aforementioned values (eg, from about 0.25 s to about 5 s). Thermal properties (eg, temperature) can be measured with an accuracy of at least about +/- 0.7°C, 0.5°C, 0.25°C, or greater. Sensors used for measurement (eg, as part of a camera) may have horizontal and vertical fields of view. The vertical field of view may have at least about 30 degrees (°), 40°, 55°, 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°, 100°, 110°, 120°, or 150°. The horizontal field of view may have at least about 30°, 40°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80°, 90° or 100°. The vertical field of view may be larger than the vertical field of view. Possibly about 1.1 times (*), 1.2*, 1.4*, 1.5*, 1.7*, 1.9* or 2.0*.

In some cases, multiple sensors may be used to view physical characteristics. The measured densities of the plurality of sensors over time may be (eg, substantially) similar. For example, thermal IR cameras and depth cameras can be used to determine a user's body position (eg, forehead) and/or measure body characteristics (eg, temperature). The sensor may be positioned at a location that facilitates focusing on the body location (eg, within the user's horizontal and/or vertical field of view). The sensor is operably coupled to an actuator that facilitates its translation (eg, horizontally and/or vertically) to adjust the capture of the user's body position within the sensor's field of view. The sensor may be stationary. The translation can be manual or automatic (eg, using at least one controller).

FIG. 25 shows an example of a user 2505 undergoing measurement of temperature body characteristics. IR sensor 2502 is disposed in or attached to structure 2503. Depth camera 2501 is similarly positioned or attached to structure 2503. For example, at least one of the sensors can be positioned within the frame (eg, in a cavity of the frame). For example, at least one of the sensors can be attached to the outside of the frame. User 2505 is located at designated location 2504 (eg, 362 of Figure 3). The IR sensor 2502 is positioned at the user's average jaw height h1 and at a designated distance d1 from the designated position 2504 . The IR sensor 2502 has a vertical field of view of 90 degrees.

In some embodiments, assessing a physical characteristic of an individual includes a plurality of operations. For example, the assessment may include identifying the user's facial landmarks and/or the user's distance (eg, actual and/or expected) from the sensor. The control system may instruct the sensor to focus on a body location (eg, based at least in part on facial landmark recognition and/or the user's distance from the sensor). Once the sensor is configured to focus on a body location, the sensor acquires measurements from that body location. The measurements can be processed (eg, adjusted according to various adjustment methods) to produce results for the measured body characteristics. The results can be compared to thresholds (eg, values) and a report can be generated. Reports can be sent to users, authorized agencies, management, or any combination thereof. The report may include adjusted body characteristics (eg, to reflect true body characteristic values), variances from normal values, and any remedial and/or promotional measures (eg, recommendations and/or instructions). Reports can be utilized as disclosed herein. Unmanipulated temperature measurements, processed results, comparisons to thresholds, and/or reports may be stored in one or more databases. The database is operably coupled to the network. Data from the database can be used to increase the accuracy of the report. In some embodiments, the measurement of body characteristics is performed in a non-contact manner.

In some embodiments, the raw data of the user's physical characteristics measured by the sensors do not accurately reflect the actual physical characteristics of the user. The original data needs to be adjusted. This adjustment can be performed automatically (eg, by a processor). The way to adjust can be suggested by artificial intelligence (AI) computing solutions. AI can contain learning modules. Compared to ground truth (eg, local thermometers that provide accurate readings), the learning module may utilize historical measurements of individuals and/or objects with thematic properties (eg, temperature). Learning modules can use synthetic measurements as part of their learning sets. Learning modules can use simulations as part of their sets. For example, an IR sensor that measures the temperature of an individual at a distance at time t can be compared to a thermometer that measures the temperature of the individual at time t. Adjustments may consider modeling (eg, physics modeling) that simulates the subject properties measured by the sensors. For example, where the characteristic is temperature, the blackbody radiation at the location of the average individual's forehead can be simulated and fed as a composite measure to the learning module as part of its learning set. Learning modules (including machine learning) may utilize regression and/or classification algorithms. The output of the machine learning module may be the subject's (eg, lateral) distance from the sensor and/or the measured physical property (eg, temperature).

In some embodiments, a sensor array (eg, a camera with a sensor array, such as an IR or visible light camera) is used to measure body properties. The sensor array may include at least about 25 pixels, 32 pixels, 800 pixels, 1080 pixels, 1280 pixels, or 1920 pixels in its FLS. (For example, the array may be a 25x25, 25x32, or 32x32 sensor array). The sensor array may include at least about 1 megapixel (Mpxl), 4 Mpxl, 8 Mpxl, 10 Mpxl, or 12 Mpxl at its FLS. The sensor can measure a wide operating range, eg, a wide span of physical characteristics. For example, a temperature sensor can be configured to measure temperature across an operating temperature range from about -40°C to about 85°C, or an operating temperature range from about -40°C to about 300°C. The sensor may be a high accuracy sensor. For example, a temperature sensor may have an accuracy of at least about ±1°C or ±0.5°C (or any other temperature accuracy value disclosed herein). A sensor array (eg, a camera with a sensor array) can have an adjustable focus (eg, can be adjusted automatically using at least one controller). The camera may have one or more lenses. The sensor array may be sensitive to at least the visible spectrum (eg, including RGB sensors). The sensor array can be sensitive to at least the infrared spectrum. Sensors can be included in cameras that include stereo vision. The sensor may be part of the camera. The camera may have a shutter (eg, a rolling shutter). Sensors can have smaller pixel sizes. Smaller pixel sizes may have an FLS of up to about 1.2 micrometers (μm), 1.4 μm, 1.5 μm, 2.0 μm, 2.5 μm, or 3 μm.

In some embodiments, the sensor is free to move. Movement of the sensors can be controlled (eg, automatically by at least one controller). Movement of the sensor may be accomplished by an actuator operatively coupled to the sensor. The sensor can be configured to have at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 degrees of freedom. The six degrees of freedom can include forward, backward, up, down, left, right, pitch, yaw, or roll.

In some embodiments, the depth camera is used to filter noise and/or to separate the user from the background. The camera may include stereo vision. A camera may include, for example, a plurality of spaced sensors configured to achieve stereoscopic capability. The camera module may include a processor. A depth camera may include a sensor sensitive to the visible spectrum (eg, a red-green-blue (RGB) sensor) (eg, as part of a sensor array) and/or a rolling shutter. The depth camera module can integrate data from IR and visible light sensors. Depth cameras may include IR sensors, IR lasers, or visible light sensors. For example, a depth camera may include visible light sensors and an IR sensor and/or laser. For example, a depth camera may include IR sensors and/or lasers and a visible light sensor. The depth camera may include a laser (eg, an IR laser). The depth camera may be a web camera. The depth camera can project and/or sense infrared radiation. A depth camera may utilize a comparison of captured data (eg, sensed information) from two sensors spaced apart (eg, horizontally and/or vertically) from each other.

26 shows an example of a flowchart depicting (eg, non-contact) individual temperature assessment. The identification of the user's facial landmarks and/or the user's distance (eg, actual and/or expected) from the sensor is performed in operation 2601 . Focusing the sensor on the body location (eg, based at least in part on facial landmark recognition and/or the user's distance from the sensor) is performed in operation 2602 . Once the sensor is configured to focus on a body location, the sensor acquires measurements from the body location in operation 2603. The measurements are processed (eg, adjusted according to various adjustment methods) in operation 2604 to produce results of the measured body characteristics. The results are compared to a threshold (eg, value) in operation 2605 and a report is generated in operation 2606 . The unmanipulated temperature measurements, processed results, comparisons to thresholds, and/or reports are optionally saved in one or more databases in operation 2608. The database is operably coupled to the network. Data from the database is optionally utilized in operation 2607 to increase the accuracy of the report. The temperature may be measured, processed, and provided as an output (eg, to a user) for up to about 0.25 seconds (sec), 0.5 sec, 1 sec, 1.5 sec, 2 sec, 3 sec, or 5 sec.

27A and 27B show various options to perform temperature measurements, eg, in a configuration similar to that shown in FIG. 25 . 27A shows an example of two sensors including a thermal (IR) camera 2701 and an optical camera 2704. The thermal camera is housed in a housing 2702 separate from the housing of the optical camera 2704. For example, thermal cameras may be housed in a device cluster, while optical cameras are not housed in that device cluster. Thermal camera 2701 can be coupled to at least one processor 2713 via cable 2707 and connectors 2703 and 2708 (eg, a USB connector, or any other connector such as as disclosed herein). The optical camera 2704 can be coupled to the processor via a cable 2705 and a connector 2706 (eg, a USB connector, or any other connector such as as disclosed herein). At least one processor may be configured to record results accumulated by the two cameras in operation 2709, process the results in operation 2710, and generate results (eg, insights) in operation 2711. At least one processor 2713 is connected to power source 2712. At least one processor 2713 is operatively coupled to storage (eg, a database) 2715 via a link 2714 (eg, a wired and/or wireless connection, such as a WiFi connection). The metrology system 2700 and database 2715 are operatively coupled to, for example, a network 2716 that controls the facility in which the cameras are located. At least one processor 2713 and database 2715 may or may not be located in the facility. 27B shows an example of two sensors including a thermal (IR) camera 2751 and an optical camera 2754. Thermal and optical cameras are housed in housing 2752. For example, thermal and optical cameras can be housed in the device collective. Cameras 2751 and 2754 may be coupled to at least one processor 2763 via cables. Optical cameras may utilize cables separate from those of thermal cameras. For example, cable 2757 can couple the optical camera to at least one co-processor 2763 via connector 2758, and thermal camera 2751 can couple via cable 2755 to at least one processor 2763 via connectors 2753 and 2756. The connector may be a USB connector or any other connector (eg, as disclosed herein). At least one processor 2763 can be configured to record results accumulated by the two cameras in operation 2759, process the results in operation 2760, and generate results (eg, insights) in operation 2761. At least one processor 2763 is connected to power supply 2762. At least one processor 2763 is operatively coupled to storage (eg, a database) 2765 via a link 2764 (eg, a wired and/or wireless connection, such as a WiFi connection). The metrology system 2750 and database 2715 are operatively coupled to, for example, a network 2766 that controls the facility in which the cameras are located. At least one processor 2763 and database 2765 may or may not be located in the facility. The optical camera may be a depth camera. A collective of devices may include processing capabilities. For example, at least one processor (eg, 2763 or 2713) may reside at least partially within the device collective. For example, at least one processor (eg, 2763 or 2713) may reside in the device collective. For example, at least one processor is a plurality of processors, and at least one of the plurality of processors resides in the device collective. Processing the results may include cleaning the noise and/or calibrating the captured sensor measurements. Noise can be generated in the background around the user. Saving in database can include saving in log files. The electricity required for data processing (eg, 2712 or 2762) can include up to 2 V, 4 V, 5 V, or 10 Volts (V) and up to 1 A, 2 A, or 3 Amps (A). At least one processor (eg, 2763 or 2713) may include a CPU or a GPU. At least one processor may include a media player. At least one processor may be included in the circuit board. The circuit board may contain a Jetson Nano ^™ development kit from ^NVIDIA® (eg, a 2GB or 4GB development kit) or a Raspberry-Pi kit (eg, a 1GB, 2GB, 4GB, or 8GB development kit). At least one processor is operably coupled to a plurality of ports including at least one media port (eg, DisplayPort, HDMI, and/or Micro HDMI), USB, or audio-video jack, such as may be included in a circuit board. At least one processor is operably coupled to a camera serial interface (CSI) or a display serial interface (DSI), eg, as part of a circuit board. At least one processor is configured to support communications such as Ethernet (eg, Gigabit Ethernet). The circuit board may contain Wi-Fi functionality, Bluetooth functionality, or a wireless adapter. The wireless adapter can be configured to conform to wireless networking standards in the 802.11 protocol set (eg, USB 802.11ac). Wireless adapters can be configured to provide high throughput wireless local area networks (WLANs) over, for example, at least about the 5 GHz frequency band. The USB port may have a transfer speed of at least about 480 megabits per second (Mbps), 4,800 Mbps or 10,000 Mbps. At least one processor may include a synchronous (eg, timed) processor. The processor may have a clock speed of at least about 1.2 gigahertz (GHz), 1.3 GHz, 1.4 GHz, 1.5 GHz, or 1.6 GHz. At least one processor may include random access memory (RAM). The RAM may include double data rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM). RAM can be configured for mobile devices (eg, laptops, tablets, or mobile phones such as cellular phones). RAM may include low power double data rate (LPDDR) RAM. RAM can be configured to allow channels that are at least about 16, 32, or 64 bits wide.

At least one processor may comprise a single board computer (SBC). At least one processor can be configured to run a plurality of neural networks in parallel (eg, for image classification, object detection, segmentation, and/or speech processing). The at least one processor may be powered by up to about 10 watts (W), 8W, 5W, or 4W.

In some embodiments, a framing station is utilized to provide an interactive experience to the user. 28 shows an example of a framing system 2800 and a user 2802 having an interactive experience with the framing system. The framing system frames the information board 2803, which may contain still images or a media display that displays time-varying digital media. The framing station frames a transparent sheet such as 2805, which may be a window (eg, glass or polymeric window). The window may or may not be a tintable window. The framing system may have a cavity 2804 accessible to the user. The cavity can have the maximum depth of the framing system. A framing system may include one or more sensors and/or emitters operatively coupled to a network (eg, and a control system). The framing system may be modular. 28 shows an example of a framing system 2850 constructed from a plurality of modular units 2857a, 2857b, and 2857c. Modular framing system units include transparent boards (eg, windows) such as 2855; information boards 2853a, 2853b, and 2853c that may include bulletin boards, white boards, magnetic boards, cork boards, or media displays. Each of the framing systems 2857a, 2857b, and 2857c is partitioned into a 2x2 matrix that frames the four segments (eg, 2853a and 2855). Modular framing system unit 5357b includes an opaque plate 2856 that covers a portion of the matrix segment while facilitating user 2852 access to cavities in the framing system in a manner similar to cavity 2804. Framing system 2857b is similar to framing system 2800. The framing system can be used as a public information query station serving one or more individuals (eg, simultaneously).

In some embodiments, the framing system includes internal framing portions integrated together into a single framing system. The framing system may include cables and one or more interactive devices. One or more interactive devices may include dispensers, sensors, and/or emitters. The sensors may include optical (eg, electromagnetic) sensors. Emitters may include illuminators, projectors, or media displays. The internal framing portions may be integrated with each other in one or more of the various joint types. Joint types can include linear joints or non-linear (eg, staggered) joints. Joints may include butt, dovetail, miter, mortise, tenon, picket, spliced, caulk, V-joint, lap joint, lap joint, or tongue and groove joint. Butt joints may comprise single butt joints or double butt lap joints. The lap joints may comprise double butt lap joints, half lap joints, flat lap joints, bevel lap joints, double lap joints or tenon lap joints. The lap joints may include single lap joints, double lap joints, recessed double lap joints, or angled double lap joints. Tongue and groove joints may include flanged caulk tongue and groove joints.

In some embodiments, a framing system (also referred to herein as a "framing device") includes an enclosure configured to accommodate one or more processors and/or wiring. The housing may contain one or more openings. The openings may facilitate operative coupling (eg, wired and/or wireless connections) of the framing system to a network (eg, a facility's local area network). The openings may facilitate servicing of one or more components of the framing system disposed in the housing. For example, the openings may facilitate access to wiring and/or processors disposed in the housing. Repair involves maintenance, replacement or introduction of new components. The opening may comprise a lid or door that opens and closes reversibly. The cover or door may be fastened to the body of the housing by one or more hinges or screws. The lid or door may include a mechanism that facilitates snapping the lid or door (respectively) to the body of the housing. The opening of the housing can be positioned on the front, back, or side of the housing, where the front is the side that is designed to be faced by a user interacting with the interactive framing system. For example, framing system 2900 depicts the front side of the framing system, and framing system 2940 depicts the back side view thereof. Sometimes, interactive framing systems are designed for interacting with multiple users on opposite sides thereof. In that case, one side of the cover or door of the housing may be designed for interaction with one user, or its opposite side may be designed for interaction with another user (eg, whether simultaneously or not). The interior space of the framing portion (forming the framing system) may be used to accommodate wiring and/or devices (eg, sensors or emitters, eg, projector 342 of FIG. 3). The interior space of the framing portion (forming the framing system) can be used to accommodate wiring, while a device (eg, a sensor or emitter) can be attached to the exterior of the framing portion (eg, sensor 2922 of FIG. 29 ) .

Figure 29 shows an example of a framing system 2900 that frames a display panel 2903, which may be a media display, an opaque panel 2907 having an opening 2904 through which a panel disposed on the framing system may be seen the level of disinfectant in the dispenser; and the opening 2902 for one or more sensors (eg, a camera or any other electromagnetic sensing device). Framing 2900 is configured to frame a transparent panel such as 2905 (eg, a window). Frame 2900 is configured to house networking, communication and/or control related devices in housing 2906. Framing system 2900 is constructed as a 2x2 matrix that can accommodate various panels such as opaque panels 2907, display panels 2903, and transparent panels 2905. The framing system 2900 includes a service opening 2909 as part of the housing 2906 (eg, to service electronic components such as processors and/or wiring), and a wiring opening 2910 (eg, to facilitate operative coupling of the framing system) (eg, a connection to a network (eg, a facility's local area network)).

29 shows an example of a framing system 2920 that frames a display panel 2923, which may be a media display, with sensors 2922 attached to the outer side of the framing system 2920. Frame 2920 houses projector 2924. Projector 2924 can project documents and/or images. For example, the projector may project indicators that suggest where to stand (eg, projected image 342 similar to projected image 346 in FIG. 3). The projector 2924 is positioned so that it is aligned with the edge of the opaque plate 2907 so that the image can be projected without being obstructed by the display panel. Frame 2920 houses a dispenser 2927 (eg, to dispense a disinfectant or another hygienic substance such as a liquid, foam, or gel). Framing 2920 is configured to frame a transparent panel such as 2925 (eg, a window). Frame 2920 is configured to house networking, communication and/or control related devices in housing 2926. Framing system 2920 is constructed as a 2x2 matrix that can accommodate various panels such as opaque panels, display panels 2923, and transparent panels 2925. Framing system 2920 is another depiction of framing system 2900 with opaque plate 2907 removed. The framing system 2920 includes a service opening 2929 as part of the housing 2926 (eg, to service electronic components such as processors and/or wiring), and a wiring opening 2930 (eg, to facilitate operative coupling of the framing system) (eg, a connection to a network (eg, a facility's local area network)).

FIG. 29 shows an example of a framing system 2940 represented as the back of the framing system 2900. The framing system 2940 frames the display panel 2941a and the opaque panel 2941b. Region 2942 indicates where the dispenser is positioned between the back opaque plate 2941b and the front opaque plate 2907 relative to the intended user of the interactive framing system. Framing 2940 is configured to frame transparent plates 2945a and 2945b (eg, windows). Frame 2940 is configured to house networking, communication and/or control related devices in housing 2946. Framing system 2940 shows: framing portions supporting transparent sheets 2945a and 2945b flush together with linear boundaries 2948 (eg, butt joints); and supporting opaque sheets staggered together with boundaries 2949 (eg, dovetail joints) Examples of framing portions of 2941a and 2941b.

29 shows an example of a framing system 2980, which is a representation of the housing 2906 of the framing system 2900 open. The framing system 2980 is configured to house networking, communication and/or control related devices in a housing 2986 in which a processor 2985 is positioned, the processor operatively coupled to the network (eg, power and communications), And is operatively coupled to sensors, projectors, dispensers, and any media displays (eg, 2903, which may be media displays) framed by the framing system. The framing system can be configured to stand alone in a space (eg, in a room), or can be positioned adjacent to a wall. For example, backplates 2491a and 2941b may face the wall. The framing system 2980 includes wiring openings 2990 (eg, to facilitate operative coupling (eg, connection) of the framing system to a network (eg, a local area network of a facility)).

30 shows an example of a framing system 3020 that frames a display panel 3026, which may be a media display, to which sensors 3022a and 3022b are attached to the outer side. Frame 3020 houses projector 3028. The projector 3028 can project documents and/or images. For example, the projector may project indicators that suggest where to stand (eg, projected image 342 similar to projected image 346 in FIG. 3). The projector 3024 is positioned so that it is aligned with the edge of the opaque plate 2907 so that the image can be projected without being obstructed by the display panel. Frame 3020 houses a dispenser 3024 (eg, to dispense a disinfectant or another hygienic substance such as a liquid, foam, or gel). Framing 3020 is configured to frame a transparent panel such as 3030 (eg, a window). Framing system 3020 is an enlarged view of framing system 2920. The framing system 3020 depicts a staggered connection 3029 between the framing partitions of the display panel 3026 and the framing portions housing the sensors 3022a and 3022b, the projector 3028, and the dispenser 3024. Each part of the staggered connection is fastened by screws such as 3023.

30 shows an example of a framing system 3040 depicting another angle of the framing system 3040 housing a dispenser 3044, a projector 3048, and a sensor 3042 attached to the outer side of the framing system 3048. Portions of the interior of framing system 3040 are exposed in 3050. This exposed portion is at least partially covered by opaque plates 2907 and 2941b and is inaccessible to the user.

In some embodiments, the interactive framing system is configured to serve the user on one of its sides. In some embodiments, the interactive framing system is configured to serve the user on both sides thereof. 29 shows various representations of interactive framing systems such as 2900, 2920, 2940, and 2980. The framing system shown in FIG. 29 is configured to serve the user at the front side shown in 2900, and does not serve any user at the back side shown in 2940. However, the back side of the framing system can also be interactive. For example, the opaque plate 2941b may be replaced by a media display or bulletin board. For example, opaque plate 2941a can be replaced with an opaque plate such as 2907 to allow a user to access a cavity such as 2908 and to facilitate any of the framing system functionality, such as operatively coupling to a or A plurality of sensors (eg, 2922, 2924), one or more emitters, disinfectant dispensers, sanitary dispensers, drug dispensers, medical equipment dispensers, such as tool dispensers (eg, screws and/or plugs) ), and/or a dispenser configured to dispense protective equipment (eg, gloves, goggles, and/or masks). Interactive frames can be placed in factories, medical facilities, banks, hotels, shopping malls, restaurants, teaching facilities (eg, schools, colleges, or universities), office buildings, rail transit stations (eg, train stations or airports) or government buildings. Interactive frames can be placed in residential buildings such as residential complexes.

While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. It is not intended that the present invention be limited to the specific examples provided in the specification. While the invention has been described with reference to the foregoing specification, the description and illustration of the embodiments herein are not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Numerous changes, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. Furthermore, it is to be understood that all aspects of the invention are not limited to the specific depictions, configurations or relative proportions set forth herein, which depend upon various conditions and variables. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention also covers any such alternatives, modifications, variations or equivalents. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the present invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

100: Enclosure 101: Individual 102: Environment 104: Entry Direction 105: Exit Direction 106: Communication Device 111: Test Platform 150: Enclosure 151: Individual 152: Individual 153: Individual 161: Test Platform 162: Test Platform 163: Test Platform 170: Environment 181: Entry Direction 182: Exit Direction 200: Enclosure 201: Individual 202: Environment 204: Entry Direction 205: Exit Direction 206: Communication Device 211: Sensor 250: Enclosure 251: Individual 252: Individual 253 :individual261:sensor270:environment281:inlet direction 282:outlet direction310:door312:door311:separator313:hinge314:compartment315:compartment316:separator317:surface318:surface320 :frame321:plate322:dispensing equipment323:display construction324:window325:circle326:footprint330:framing331:plate332:dispensing equipment333:display construction334:display construction335:plate 336: Board 337: Window 338: Messaging Image 340: Door and Separator Equipment 341: Framing 342: Projector 343: Light 346: Messaging Image 411: Internal Shape 412: Edge 413: Individual 414: Test Station 415: Obstruction Equipment 416: Device Housing 417: Dispensing Station 418: Access Path, Transparent Plate 423: Individual 424: Testing Station 425: Barrier Equipment 426: Barrier Equipment 427: Framing Equipment 428: Access Path, Projected Image 429: Dashed Line Arrow 430: Signaling Image 500: Enclosure 510: Door 511: Access Path 512: Framing Equipment, Test Station 513: Signaling Image 514: Path 520: Door 521: Access Path 522: Framing Equipment 523: Framing Equipment 525: Individual 526: Window 527: Dispensing Equipment 529: Enclosure 531: Window 532: Display Construct 533: Board 534: White Board 535: Dispensing Equipment 537: Opaque Board 600: Facility 610: Auxiliary Test Station 611: External Door 612 : Test Station, Barrier Equipment 613: Guidance 614: Inner Door 615: Reception Area 616: Facilities 620: Auxiliary Test Station 621: Outer Door 622: Test Station, Barrier Equipment 623: Guidance 624: Inner Door 625: Reception Area 626 :Facility 630:Facility 631:Orientation 710:Admission Procedure 711:Scan712:Operation713:Operation715:Operation716:Operation720:Equipment Deployment Operation721:Operation722:Operation723:Operation724:Operation725:Optional Operation 730: Physical Characteristics :Operation 755: Operation 810: Admission Procedure 811: Operation 812: Operation 813: Operation 815: Operation 816: Operation 820: Vehicle and Physical Properties 821: Operation 823: Operation 824: Operation 825: Operation 826: Operation 830: Equipment Dispensing Operation 831 :Operation 832:Operation 833:Optional Operation 834:Operation 840:Obstruction 841:Operation 842:Operation 843:Operation 844:Operation 850:Enter Facility,Leave/Enter Operation Phase 851:Operation 852:Operation 855:Operation 900: Schema 905: Controller 908: Links 910A-985Z: Sensors 1090: Schema 1092A: Sensor Collective 1092B: Sensor Collective 1092C: Sensor Collective 1094A: Output Reading Distribution 1094B: Output Reading Distribution 1094C: Output Reading Distribution 1096:Vent 1201:Individual 1202:Individual 1203:Individual 1204:Individual 1205:Individual 1206:Individual 1207:Individual 1208:Individual 1209:Individual 1300:Schema 1305:Sensor Collective 1310A:Sensor 1310B : sensor 1310C: sensor 1310D: sensor 1315: processor 1350: network interface, cloud 1352: processor 1354: remote processor 1400: schema 1402: meeting room 1405A: first sensor Collective 1405B: Second Sensor Collective 1405C: Third Sensor Collective 1410: Individual Group 1415A: Point 1415B: Point 1415C: Point 1425A: Sensor Output Reading Distribution 1425B: Sensor Output Reading Distribution 1425C: Sensor Detector output reading distribution 1430: _CO2 graph 1435A: Dot 1435B: Dot 1435C: Dot 1440: Noise graph 1445A: Dot 1445B: Dot 1445C: Dot 1450A: Sensor distribution curve 1450B: Sensor distribution curve 1450C : sensor profile 1450D: sensor profile 1450E: sensor profile 1451A: sensor profile 1451B: sensor profile 1451C: sensor profile 1451D: sensor profile 1451E: Sensor Profile 1500: Surveillance System 1501: Trackable Device 1502: Sensor 1503: Module for ID and Location Tracking, ID Tracking Module 1504: Data Compiler 1505: Personal Database 1506: Common Database 1507: Learning Module, Analysis Module 1508: Seasonal Data 1509: Reporting 1510: Notification System 1511: Infected User 1512: Contact Person 1513: Central Administrator and/or Health Officer 1600: Method 1601: Operation 1602: Operation 1603: Operation 1604: Operation 1605: Operation 1700: Tracking system 1701: Existing record database 17 02: Buffer 1703: Buffer 1704: Interface 1705: Anonymizer 1740: Discard 1800: System 1801: Operation 1802: Operation 1803: Operation 1804: Operation 1900: Flowchart 1901: Operation 1902: Operation 1903: Operation 1904: Operation 1905: Operation 1906: Operation 1907: Operation 1908: Operation 1950: Operation Flowchart 1951: Operation 1952: Operation 1953: Operation 1954: Operation 1955: Operation 1956: Operation 1957: Operation 2001: Operation 2002: Operation 2003: Operation 2004: Operation 2005 : Operation 2006: Operation 2007: Time Delay 2100: Control System Architecture 2104: Local Controller 2106: Floor Controller 2108: Main Controller 2110: External Source 2120: Database 2124: Building Management System (BMS) 2200: Method 2210: Operations 2220: Operations 2230: Operations 2240: Operations 2305: Controllers 2310: Sensor Correlators 2315: Model Generators 2320: Event Detectors 2325: Processors and Memory 2350: Network Interfaces 2400: Computer Systems 2401: Computer Network 2402: Memory or Memory Location 2403: Communication Interface 2404: Electronic Storage Unit 2405: Peripherals 2406: Processing Unit 2501: Depth Camera 2502: IR Sensor 2503: Structure 2504: Designated Location 2505: Use Operator 2601: Operation 2602: Operation 2603: Operation 2604: Operation 2605: Operation 2606: Operation 2607: Operation 2608: Operation 2700: Measurement System 2701: Thermal (IR) Camera 2702: Housing 2703: Connector 2704: Optical Camera 2705 :cable2706:connector2707:cable2708:connector2709:operation2710:operation2711:operation2712:power2713:processor2714:link2715:storage,database2716:network2750:measurement system2751: Thermal (IR) Camera 2752: Housing 2753: Connector 2754: Optical Camera 2755: Cable 2756: Connector 2757: Cable 2758: Connector 2759: Operation 2760: Operation 2761: Operation 2762: Power 2763: Coprocessor 2764: link 2765: storage, database 2766: network 2800: framing system 2802: user 2803: information board 2804: cavity 2805: transparent board 2850: framing system 2852: user 2853a: information board 2853b: information board 2853c: Information board 2855: Transparent board 2856: Opaque board 2857a: Modular unit, framing system 2857b: Modular unit, framing system 2857c: Modular unit Element, Framing System 2900: Framing System 2902: Opening 2903: Display Panel 2904: Opening 2905: Transparent Plate 2906: Enclosure 2907: Front Opaque Plate 2908: Cavity 2909: Maintenance Opening 2910: Wiring Opening 2920: Framing System 2922: Sensor 2923: Display Panel 2924: Projector 2925: Transparent Panel 2926: Housing 2927: Dispenser 2929: Service Opening 2930: Wiring Opening 2940: Framing System 2941a: Display Panel, Back Panel 2941b: Back Opaque Panel, Backplane 2942: Area 2945a: Transparent Plate 2945b: Transparent Plate 2946: Enclosure 2948: Linear Boundary 2949: Boundary 2980: Framing System 2985: Processor 2986: Enclosure 2990: Routing Opening 3020: Framing System 3022a: Sensor 3022b :sensor3023:screw3024:dispenser3026:display panel3028:projector3029:interleaved3030:transparent plate3040:framing system3042:sensor3044:dispenser3048:projector3050:part d1: Specified distance D ₁ : Distance D ₂ : Distance D ₃ : Distance h1 : Average jaw height

The novel features of the present invention are set forth in detail in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained with reference to the following description and accompanying drawings (also " Fig./Figs ." herein) illustrating illustrative embodiments utilizing the principles of the present invention, wherein :

[FIG. 1A] and [FIG. 1B] schematically show various enclosures in which individuals are placed;

[FIG. 2A] and [FIG. 2B] schematically show various enclosures in which individuals are placed;

[FIG. 3A] to [FIG. 3D] schematically show various admission-related devices;

[FIG. 4A] to [FIG. 4B] schematically show various admission-related devices in a functional environment;

[FIG. 5A] to [FIG. 5B] schematically show various admission-related devices in a functional environment;

[FIG. 6A] to [FIG. 6B] schematically show various admission-related devices in a functional environment;

[Figure 7] shows the admission flow chart;

[Figure 8] shows the admission flow chart;

[ FIG. 9 ] schematically shows a schematic example of a sensor configuration;

[FIG. 10] shows a schematic example of sensor configuration and sensor data;

[ FIG. 11 ] A graph depicting the time dependence of carbon dioxide concentration;

[Fig. 12] A topographic map showing the measured attribute values;

[FIG. 13] A schematic representation of the device and its components and connectivity options;

[FIG. 14] schematically shows a schematic example of sensor configuration and sensor data;

[FIG. 15] schematically shows the connectivity of equipment and components for detecting abnormal conditions and providing reporting;

[FIG. 16] shows a flowchart for comparing relative sensor data;

[FIG. 17] Schematically shows equipment and interactions for monitoring building occupants;

[Fig. 18] shows a flow chart related to contact tracing;

[FIG. 19] shows a flow chart related to movement prediction;

[FIG. 20] shows a flow chart related to monitoring the cleaning status of a surface;

[ FIG. 21 ] A schematic illustration of the control system and its various components;

[FIG. 22] shows a flow chart related to sensor data processing;

[ FIG. 23 ] schematically depicts a controller;

[FIG. 24] schematically depicts a processing system;

[ FIG. 25 ] Schematically showing people and sensors;

[FIG. 26] schematically depicts a flow chart for reporting a user's measured characteristic (eg, temperature);

[FIG. 27A] to [FIG. 27B] schematically depict various sensor groups and data processing sequences;

[FIG. 28] Schematically showing various framing systems and users;

[Fig. 29] schematically shows various framing systems; and

[FIG. 30] Various framing system parts are schematically shown.

The figures and components therein may not be drawn to scale. Various components of the figures described herein may not be drawn to scale.

520: Door

521: entry path

522: Framing equipment

523: Framing equipment

526: Windows

527: Dispensing Equipment

529: Closure

531: Windows

532: Display Construct

533: Board

534: Whiteboard

535: Dispensing Equipment

537: Opaque Plate

Claims (283)

A method for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility, comprising: (a) using a sensor system to sense a first identity having a first location at a first time and a second identity having a second location at a second time, wherein the sensor system operatively coupled to a local area network disposed in the facility, the sensor system includes a sensor system configured to sense and/or identify the first identity, the first location, the first time, the first two identities, the second location and a plurality of sensors at the second time, the local area network is configured to facilitate control of at least one other device of the facility; (b) tracking the movement of the first identity over a period of time to generate a first tracking information, and tracking the movement of the second identity over the period of time to generate a second tracking information; and (c) Evaluating a distance from the first tracking information to the second tracking information relative to a distance threshold. The method of claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of sensors are integrated into one or more device clusters. The method of claim 2, wherein the plurality of sensors and/or devices collectively comprise an accelerometer. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors includes at least one geographic location sensor for detecting: (i) the first location and the second location and/or (ii) the the first identity and the second identity. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one geographic location sensor comprises an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors comprises a plurality of geographic location sensors that are time synchronized. The method of claim 5, wherein the geographic location sensors comprise an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor system includes a camera to detect (i) the first location and the second location and/or (ii) the first identity and the second identity. The method of claim 7, wherein the camera includes a sensor array having one of at least about 4000 sensors in its substantial length dimension. 8. The method of claim 8, wherein the base length dimension comprises a length, a width, a radius, or a bounding radius. The method of claim 8, wherein the sensor array includes a sensor including a charge coupled device (CCD). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor system comprises a device collective comprising (i) a plurality of sensors, or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor system comprises a collective of devices integrating a controller and/or a processor. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor system comprises a collection of devices including a controller and/or a processor. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor system is operatively coupled to a hierarchical control system including a plurality of controllers. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor system includes a collection of devices installed at a fixed location in the facility. The method of claim 15, wherein the fixed location is in or attached to a fixture of the facility. The method of claim 15, wherein the fixed location is a controlled entrance to the facility. The method of claim 1, wherein the facility comprises a facility, building and/or room. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor system comprises a collection of devices mounted to or embedded in a non-fixture in the facility. The method of claim 1, further comprising: (d) associating the first location and the first time with the first identity to generate a first association, and associating the second location and the second time with the second identity to generate a second association; and (e) comparing the first association with the second association to evaluate a distance from the first identity to the second identity relative to the distance threshold. The method of claim 1, further comprising evaluating whether the first tracking information and the second tracking information are at a distance below the distance threshold for an accumulated time relative to a time threshold. The method of claim 1, wherein the local area network includes wiring disposed in an enclosure of at least one enclosure of the facility. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting power and communications over a single cable of the local area network. The method of claim 1, further comprising using the local area network to transmit at least a fourth generation or a fifth generation cellular communication. The method of claim 1, further comprising using the local area network to transmit data including media. The method of claim 1, further comprising using the local area network to control an atmosphere of the facility. The method of claim 1, further comprising using the local area network to control a tintable window disposed in the facility. The method of claim 1, further comprising using the local area network to control the facility. A kind of non-transitory computer readable program instructions for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility, the non-transitory computer readable program instructions when read by one or more processors cause the one or more processors Perform operations as in any of the methods of claims 1 to 28. A kind of non-transitory computer readable program instructions for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility, the non-transitory computer readable program instructions when read by one or more processors cause the one or more processors Perform actions that include: (a) using or instructing to use a sensor system to sense a first identity having a first location at a first time and a second identity having a second location at a second time, wherein the sensor a sensor system operatively coupled to a local area network disposed in the facility, the sensor system including a sensor system configured to sense and/or identify the first identity, the first location, the first time , a plurality of sensors of the second identity, the second location, and the second time, the local area network configured to facilitate control of at least one other device of the facility; (b) tracking or instructing to track the movement of the first identity over a period of time to generate a first tracking information, and tracking the movement of the second identity over the period of time to generate a second tracking information; and (c) evaluating or indicating a distance from the first tracking information to the second tracking information relative to a distance threshold value. An apparatus for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility, the apparatus comprising at least one controller configured to: (a) operatively coupled to a sensor system including a first identity configured to sense and/or identify a first location having a first time at a first time and a first two time a plurality of sensors having a second location a second identity, the sensor system is operatively coupled to a local area network disposed in the facility, the at least one controller is configured to control at least one other device of the facility; (b) using or directing the use of a sensor system to sense the first identity having the first location at the first time and the second identity having the second location at the second time; (c) tracking or instructing to track the movement of the first identity over a period of time to generate a first tracking information, and tracking the movement of the second identity over the period of time to generate or instruct to generate a second tracking information; and (d) evaluating or indicating a distance from the first tracking information to the second tracking information relative to a distance threshold value. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein at least one of the plurality of sensors is integrated in a device collective comprising (i) a sensor or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the plurality of sensors comprises at least one geographic location sensor for detecting: (i) the first location and the second location and/or (ii) the the first identity and the second identity. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the at least one geographic location sensor comprises an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the plurality of sensors comprises a plurality of geographic location sensors that are synchronized in time. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the geographic location sensors comprise an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the sensor system includes a camera to detect (i) the first location and the second location and/or (ii) the first identity and the second identity. 38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the camera comprises a sensor array having one of at least 4000 sensors in its substantial length dimension. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein the base length dimension comprises a length, a width, a radius, or a bounding radius. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein the sensor array includes a sensor including a charge coupled device (CCD). 31. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the sensor system comprises a collective of devices comprising (i) a plurality of sensors, or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. 31. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the sensor system comprises a collective of devices comprising (i) a plurality of sensors, or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the sensor system includes a device collective that integrates a controller. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the sensor system is operatively coupled to a hierarchical control system comprising a plurality of controllers. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the sensor system comprises a collective of devices installed at a fixed location in the facility. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the fixed location is in or attached to a fixture of the facility. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the fixed location is a controlled entrance to the facility. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the facility comprises a facility, building and/or room. 31. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the sensor system comprises a collection of devices mounted to or embedded in a non-fixture in the facility. As in the apparatus of claim 31, the at least one controller is further configured to: (d) associating or instructing to associate the first location and the first time with the first identity to generate a first association, and associating the second location and the second time with the second identity to generate a second association; and (e) comparing or instructing to compare the first association with the second association to evaluate a distance from the first identity to the second identity relative to the distance threshold. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising evaluating whether the first tracking information and the second tracking information are at a distance below the distance threshold for an accumulated time relative to a time threshold. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the sensor system is coupled to a local area network located in the facility. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the local area network includes wiring disposed in an enclosure of the facility. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the local area network is configured for power and communication transmission over a single cable. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the local area network is configured for at least a fourth generation or a fifth generation cellular communication. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the local area network is configured for data transfer including media. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the local area network is configured to be coupled to at least one antenna. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the local area network is configured to couple to a plurality of different sensor types. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the local area network is configured to couple to a building management system configured to manage an atmosphere of the facility. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the local area network is configured to couple to a tintable window. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the local area network is configured to couple to a hierarchical control system configured to control the facility. A method for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility, comprising: (A) using a sensor system to detect an identity of a first individual and an identity of a second individual disposed in the facility, the sensor system operatively coupled to a local area network, the local area network is configured to facilitate control of at least one other device of the facility; (B) using the sensor system to track the movement of the first individual across a first set of locations in the facility during a first set of times, and track the movement of the second individual across the second set of times during a second set of times movement of a second set of locations in the facility; (C) associating the first set of locations and the first set of times with the first individual to generate a first association, and associating the second set of locations and the second time set with the second individual to generate a first association create a second association; and (D) Comparing the first association with the second association to estimate a distance from the first individual to the second individual relative to a threshold value. The method of claim 62, wherein detecting the identity of the first individual and the identity of the second individual is performed upon entering the facility. The method of claim 62, wherein the first set of locations and the second set of locations are specified according to a plurality of zones that subdivide the facility. The method of claim 64, wherein associating the locations and the sets of times comprises storing a plurality of time and zone locations according to the monitored movement in a plurality of buffers corresponding to the first entity and the second entity middle. The method of claim 65, wherein the plurality of buffers includes a first buffer corresponding to the first entity and a second buffer corresponding to the second entity. The method of claim 62, wherein comparing the first association with the second association is performed upon detection of a predetermined event associated with the first individual and/or the second individual. The method of claim 62, wherein (a) detecting the identity and (b) tracking the movement are performed, at least in part, by using a sensor system comprising a collection of devices comprising (i) a plurality of sensors or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. The method of claim 68, wherein the plurality of sensors includes a geographic location sensor for detecting: (i) the first set of locations and the second set of locations and/or (ii) the the first identity and the second identity. The method of claim 69, wherein the geographic location sensor comprises an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. The method of claim 68, wherein the plurality of sensors comprises a plurality of geographic location sensors that are synchronized in time. The method of claim 69, wherein the geographic location sensors comprise an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. The method of claim 68, wherein at least one of the plurality of sensors is included in a device collective. The method of claim 73, wherein the set of devices and/or the plurality of sensors comprise an accelerometer. The method of claim 73, wherein the apparatus collectively comprises (i) a sensor or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. The method of claim 68, wherein the plurality of sensors includes a camera for detecting the first identity and/or the second identity. The method of claim 76, wherein the camera includes a sensor array having one of at least 4000 sensors in its substantial length dimension. The method of claim 77, wherein the base length dimension comprises a length, a width, a radius, or a bounding radius. The method of claim 77, wherein the sensor array includes a sensor including a charge coupled device (CCD). The method of claim 62, wherein the sensor system includes a plurality of sensors, wherein at least some of the plurality of sensors are integrated into one or more device groups. The method of claim 62, wherein the sensor system includes a collection of devices including a controller and/or processor. The method of claim 62, wherein the sensor system includes a collection of devices including a controller and/or a processor. The method of claim 62, wherein the sensor system is operatively coupled to a hierarchical control system including a plurality of controllers. The method of claim 62, wherein the sensor system comprises at least one sensor housed in a collective of devices mounted at or in a fixture of the facility. The method of claim 84, wherein the sensor system is located in a controlled entrance of the facility. The method of claim 62, wherein the facility comprises a facility, building and/or room. The method of claim 62, wherein at least one sensor of the sensor system is housed in a collective of devices mounted to or mounted on a non-fixed object housed in the facility. The method of claim 62, wherein the sensor system is coupled to a local area network disposed in the facility. The method of claim 88, wherein the local area network includes wiring disposed in an enclosure of the facility. The method of claim 88, further comprising transmitting power and communications over a single cable of the local area network. The method of claim 88, further comprising using the local area network to transmit at least a fourth generation or a fifth generation cellular communication. The method of claim 88, further comprising using the local area network to transmit data including media. The method of claim 88, further comprising using the local area network to control an atmosphere of the facility. The method of claim 88, further comprising using the local area network to control a tintable window disposed in the facility. The method of claim 88, further comprising using the local area network to control the facility. A kind of non-transitory computer readable program instructions for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility, the non-transitory computer readable program instructions when read by one or more processors cause the one or more processors Perform operations as any of the methods of claims 62-95. A kind of non-transitory computer readable program instructions for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility, the non-transitory computer readable program instructions when read by one or more processors cause the one or more processors Perform actions that include: (A) use or direct the use of a sensor system to detect an identity of a first individual and an identity of a second individual disposed in the facility, the sensor system operatively coupled to an area a network configured to facilitate control of at least one other device of the facility; (B) using the sensor system to track the movement of the first individual across a first set of locations in the facility during a first set of times, and track the movement of the second individual across the second set of times during a second set of times movement of a second set of locations in the facility; (C) associating or instructing to associate the first set of locations and the first set of times with the first individual to generate a first association, and associating the second set of locations and the second set of times with the second individual associating to generate a second association; and (D) comparing or instructing to compare the first association with the second association to assess a distance from the first individual to the second individual relative to a threshold value. An apparatus for tracking a plurality of individuals in a facility, the apparatus comprising at least one controller configured to: (A) operatively coupled to a sensor system configured to detect an identity of a first individual and an identity of a second individual disposed in the facility, the at least a controller configured to control at least one other device of the facility; (B) use or direct the use of the sensor system to detect the identity of the first individual and the identity of the second individual located in the facility; (C) using or instructing to use the sensor system to track the movement of the first individual across a first set of locations in the facility during a first set of times, and to track the second individual for a second set of times during movement across a second set of locations in the facility; (D) cause or instruct to associate the first set of positions and the first set of times with the first individual to generate a first association, and cause or instruct to associate the second set of positions and the second set of times with the The second individual is associated to produce a second association; and (E) comparing or instructing to compare the first association with the second association to assess a distance from the first individual to the second individual relative to a threshold value. As in the apparatus of claim 98, the at least one controller is configured to detect or instruct to detect the identity of the first individual and the identity of the second individual upon entering the facility. The apparatus of claim 98, wherein the first set of locations and the second set of locations are specified according to a plurality of zones subdividing the facility. The apparatus of claim 100, wherein the at least one controller is configured to associate or directly associate the locations and the time sets by storing the plurality of time and zone locations according to the monitored movement in a plurality of buffers corresponding to the first entity and the second entity. The apparatus of claim 101, wherein the plurality of buffers includes a first buffer corresponding to the first entity and a second buffer corresponding to the second entity. The apparatus of claim 98, wherein the at least one controller is configured to compare or instruct to compare the first association with the second association upon detection of one of associations with the first individual and/or the second individual When the event is scheduled. The apparatus of claim 98, wherein the at least one controller is configured to (a) detect or instruct the detection of the identity and (ii) track or instruct the tracking of the movement at least in part by using a device comprising a set of devices Implemented by a sensor system, the device collectively includes (i) a plurality of sensors or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. The apparatus of claim 98, wherein the plurality of sensors comprises a geographic location sensor for detecting: (i) the first set of locations and the second set of locations and/or (ii) the first set of locations One identity and second identity. The apparatus of claim 105, wherein the geographic location sensor comprises an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. The apparatus of claim 98, wherein the plurality of sensors comprises a plurality of geographic location sensors that are synchronized in time. The apparatus of claim 105, wherein the geographic location sensors comprise an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor or a Bluetooth sensor. The apparatus of claim 98, wherein at least one of the plurality of sensors is included in a device collective. The apparatus of claim 109, wherein the set of devices and/or the plurality of sensors comprise an accelerometer. The apparatus of claim 109, wherein the apparatus collectively comprises (i) a sensor or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the plurality of sensors includes a camera for detecting the first identity and/or the second identity. The apparatus of claim 112, wherein the camera comprises a sensor array having at least 4000 sensors in its substantial length dimension. The apparatus of claim 113, wherein the basic length dimension comprises a length, a width, a radius, or a bounding radius. The apparatus of claim 113, wherein the sensor array includes a sensor comprising a charge coupled device (CCD). The apparatus of claim 98, wherein the sensor system includes a plurality of sensors, wherein at least some of the plurality of sensors are integrated into one or more device clusters. The apparatus of claim 98, wherein the sensor system comprises a collective of devices including a controller and/or processor. The apparatus of claim 117, wherein the sensor system comprises a collective of devices including a controller and/or a processor. The apparatus of claim 98, wherein the sensor system is operatively coupled to a hierarchical control system including a plurality of controllers. 98. The apparatus of claim 98, wherein the sensor system comprises at least one sensor housed in a collective of devices mounted at or in a fixture of the facility. The apparatus of claim 120, wherein the sensor system is located in a controlled entrance of the facility. The apparatus of claim 98, wherein the facility comprises a facility, building and/or room. 100. The apparatus of claim 98, wherein at least one sensor of the sensor system is housed in a collective of devices mounted to or mounted on a non-fixture installed in the facility. The apparatus of claim 98, wherein the sensor system is coupled to a local area network disposed in the facility. The apparatus of claim 124, wherein the local area network includes wiring disposed in an enclosure of the facility. The apparatus of claim 124, wherein the local area network is configured for power and communication transmission over a single cable. The apparatus of claim 124, wherein the local area network is configured for at least a fourth generation or a fifth generation cellular communication. The apparatus of claim 124, wherein the local area network is configured for data transfer including media. The apparatus of claim 124, wherein the local area network is configured to be coupled to at least one antenna. The apparatus of claim 124, wherein the local area network is configured to couple to a plurality of different sensor types. The apparatus of claim 124, wherein the local area network is configured to couple to a building management system configured to manage an atmosphere of the facility. The apparatus of claim 124, wherein the local area network is configured to couple to a tintable window. The apparatus of claim 124, wherein the local area network is configured to couple to a hierarchical control system configured to control the facility. A method for monitoring surface disinfection of a facility, comprising: (A) sensing a plurality of temperature samples of an object surface at a plurality of sample times using a sensor system disposed in the facility and operatively coupled to a local area network of the facility, the local area network is configured to control at least one other device of the facility operatively coupled to the local area network; (B) comparing successive temperature samples of the plurality of temperature samples to generate a comparison; (C) detecting a cleaning event when the comparison indicates a temperature drop below a temperature threshold; (E) monitor an elapsed time since a final cleaning event; and (F) When the elapsed time exceeds a time threshold, a notification is generated. The method of claim 134, wherein the sensor system is coupled to a local area network disposed in the facility in which the object surface is disposed. The method of claim 135, wherein the local area network includes wiring disposed in an enclosure of the facility. The method of claim 135, further comprising transmitting power and communications over a single cable of the local area network. The method of claim 135, further comprising using the local area network to transmit at least a fourth generation or a fifth generation cellular communication. The method of claim 135, further comprising using the local area network to transmit data including media. The method of claim 135, further comprising using the local area network to control an atmosphere of the facility. The method of claim 135, further comprising using the local area network to control a tintable window disposed in the facility. The method of claim 135, further comprising using the local area network to control the facility. The method of claim 134, wherein the sensor system senses the temperature samples remotely. The method of claim 134, wherein the sample times are repeated according to a predetermined sampling frequency. The method of claim 144, wherein the predetermined sampling frequency comprises sampling a sample at a time interval of at most one minute. The method of claim 134, wherein a number of consecutive temperature samples compared includes at least about 2, 5, 10, or 20 temperature samples. The method of request 134, wherein the notification is sent to a designated recipient or a request recipient. The method of claim 134, wherein the sensor system includes at least one sensor integrated in a device collective comprising (i) a sensor or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. The method of claim 134, wherein the sensor system comprises at least one sensor integrated in a collective of devices comprising (i) at least one controller or (ii) at least one processor. The method of claim 134, wherein the sensor system is operatively coupled to a hierarchical control system including a plurality of controllers. A non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for monitoring surface disinfection of a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions, when read by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to execute such as An operation of any of the methods of items 134-150 is required. A non-transitory computer-readable program instructions for monitoring surface disinfection of a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions, when read by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to execute operations comprising: Operation of the following: (A) sensing a plurality of temperature samples of an object surface at a plurality of sample times using or instructing to use a sensor system disposed in the facility and operatively coupled to an area of the facility a network configured to control at least one other device of the facility operatively coupled to the local area network; (B) comparing or instructing to compare successive temperature samples of the plurality of temperature samples to generate a comparison; (C) detecting or instructing to detect a cleaning event when the comparison indicates a temperature drop below a temperature threshold; (E) monitor or instruct to monitor an elapsed time since a last cleaning event; and (F) generating or instructing to generate a notification when the elapsed time exceeds a time threshold. An apparatus for monitoring surface disinfection of a facility, the apparatus comprising at least one controller configured to: (A) using or instructing to use a sensor system to sense a plurality of temperature samples of an object surface at a plurality of sample times; (B) comparing or instructing to compare successive temperature samples of the plurality of temperature samples to generate a comparison; (C) detecting or instructing to detect a cleaning event when the comparison indicates a temperature drop below a temperature threshold; (E) monitoring or instructing to monitor an elapsed time since a last cleaning event; (F) generate a notification when the elapsed time exceeds a time threshold; and (G) control or instruct to control at least one other device of the facility. The apparatus of claim 153, wherein the sensor system is configured to sense the temperature samples remotely. The apparatus of claim 153, wherein the at least one controller is configured to repeat the sample times according to a predetermined sampling frequency. The apparatus of claim 155, wherein the predetermined sampling frequency comprises sampling a sample at a time interval of at most one minute. The apparatus of claim 153, wherein a number of consecutive temperature samples compared includes at least about 2, 5, 10, or 20 temperature samples. The apparatus of claim 153, wherein the at least one controller is configured to send or instruct to send the notification to a designated recipient or a request recipient. The apparatus of claim 153, wherein the sensor system comprises at least one sensor integrated in a device collective comprising (i) a sensor or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. The apparatus of claim 153, wherein the sensor system comprises at least one sensor integrated in a collective of devices comprising (i) at least one controller or (ii) at least one processor. The apparatus of claim 153, wherein the sensor system is operatively coupled to a hierarchical control system comprising a plurality of controllers. The apparatus of claim 153, wherein the sensor system is coupled to a local area network disposed in the facility in which the object surface is disposed. The apparatus of claim 162, wherein the local area network includes wiring disposed in an enclosure of the facility. The apparatus of claim 162, wherein the local area network is configured for power and communication transmission over a single cable. The apparatus of claim 162, wherein the local area network is configured for at least a fourth generation or a fifth generation cellular communication. The apparatus of claim 162, wherein the local area network is configured for data transfer including media. The apparatus of claim 162, wherein the local area network is configured to couple to at least one antenna. The apparatus of claim 162, wherein the local area network is configured to couple to a plurality of different sensor types. The apparatus of claim 162, wherein the local area network is configured to couple to a building management system configured to manage an atmosphere of the facility. The apparatus of claim 162, wherein the local area network is configured to couple to a tintable window. The apparatus of claim 162, wherein the local area network is configured to couple to a hierarchical control system configured to control the facility. A method of detecting a physical characteristic of an individual in a facility, comprising: (a) Sensing on a plurality of occasions an environmental characteristic in the presence of the individual using a sensor system disposed in the facility and operatively coupled to a local area network, the local area network the pathway is configured to facilitate control of at least one other device of the facility; (b) analyze (i) a plurality of environmental characteristic data samples and (ii) a threshold value indicative of abnormal physical characteristics to generate an analysis; and (c) using the analysis to generate a report of the presence and/or absence of indications of abnormal physical characteristics of the individual. The method of claim 172, wherein the presence of the individual significantly perturbs the environment characteristic compared to the absence of the individual in the environment. The method of claim 172, wherein the plurality of environmental characteristic data samples of the individual on the plurality of occasions are collected in order to quantify a normal physical characteristic of the individual, wherein the analyzing further comprises analyzing a most recent data sample of the data samples a relative difference from the quantified normal, and wherein the threshold value is a difference threshold value. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system includes a plurality of sensors. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system comprises a collection of devices housing (i) a sensor and/or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system is communicatively coupled to a local area network disposed in the facility. The method of claim 177, wherein the local area network includes wiring disposed in an enclosure of the facility. The method of claim 177, further comprising transmitting power and communications over a single cable of the local area network. The method of claim 177, further comprising using the local area network to transmit at least a fourth generation or a fifth generation cellular communication. The method of claim 177, further comprising using the local area network to transmit data including media. The method of claim 177, further comprising using the local area network to control an atmosphere of the facility. The method of claim 177, further comprising using the local area network to control a tintable window disposed in the facility. The method of claim 177, further comprising using the local area network to control the facility. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system includes a plurality of devices disposed in a device collective, and wherein the device collective includes a transmitter, a sensor, an antenna, a radar, a dispenser, A badge reader, geolocation technology, an accelerometer and/or a logo reader. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system comprises an electromagnetic sensor. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system includes a first electromagnetic sensor configured to detect a first radiation range, and configured to detect a first radiation range having a range that does not overlap the first radiation range at least a portion of a second radiation range of a second electromagnetic sensor. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system comprises an infrared sensor, a visible light sensor, or a depth camera. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system comprises a web camera. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system includes a visible light sensor and an invisible light sensor. The method of claim 190, wherein the invisible light comprises infrared light. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system includes a camera configured to distinguish an object from its surroundings based at least in part on infrared radiation readings and/or visible radiation readings. The method of claim 172, wherein using the sensor system comprises measuring at a rate of at least about every 2 seconds or every 1 second. The method of claim 172, wherein the individual is positioned horizontally away from a sensor of the sensor system at a distance of at least about 1, 2, or 3 feet, the sensor sensing an environmental characteristic. The method of claim 172, wherein a sensor that senses the environmental characteristic has a horizontal and/or vertical field of view of at least about 45 degrees, 55 degrees, 75 degrees, or 110 degrees, the sensor is included in the sensor system. The method of claim 172, further comprising focusing at least one sensor of the sensor system on one or more facial landmark features of the individual to measure the environmental characteristics. The method of claim 196, wherein the facial landmark features comprise the subject's eyes, eyebrows and/or nose. The method of claim 172, further comprising focusing at least one sensor of the sensor system on a depth placement of the individual to measure the environmental properties. The method of claim 172, further comprising focusing at least one sensor of the sensor system on a horizontal distance from the at least one sensor to the individual to measure the environmental characteristics. The method of claim 172, further comprising focusing the sensor at least in part by considering (i) at least one facial feature of the individual and/or (ii) a horizontal displacement of the individual relative to one or more sensors measurement of at least one sensor of the sensor system. The method of claim 200, wherein the horizontal displacement is determined at least in part using distance between facial landmark features of the individual, depth camera, and/or visible and invisible light electromagnetic sensor measurements. The method of claim 172, wherein analyzing the plurality of environmental characteristic data samples comprises using a machine learning model utilizing a learning set including measurements in the presence of an individual, in the presence of a black body, ground truth measurements, and / or analog measurements. The method of claim 172, wherein evaluating the characteristic comprises filtering background measurements. The method of claim 172, wherein evaluating the characteristic comprises filtering environmental characteristics attributable to the background. The method of claim 172, wherein analyzing the plurality of environmental characteristic data samples includes using a machine learning model, the machine learning model including a regression model or a classification model. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system is disposed in or attached to a frame. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system is disposed in a public information query station configured to serve at least one user. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system is disposed in a public information inquiry station configured to simultaneously serve a plurality of users from opposite sides of the public information inquiry station. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system is disposed in a public information inquiry station, and wherein the method further comprises simultaneously serving a plurality of users at a side of the public information inquiry station. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system is disposed in a public information query station including a modular unit. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system is disposed in a public information query station including one or more media displays. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system is disposed in a public information query station, and wherein the method further comprises interacting with one or more users remotely and/or contactlessly. The method of claim 172, wherein the sensor system is disposed in a public information station, and wherein the method further comprises conditionally granting access to at least a portion of the facility. A non-transitory computer-readable program instruction for detecting a physical characteristic of an individual in a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions, when read by one or more processors, cause the one or more A plurality of processors perform operations as in any of the methods of claims 172-213. A non-transitory computer-readable program instruction for detecting a physical characteristic of an individual in a facility, the non-transitory computer-readable program instructions, when read by one or more processors, cause the one or more The plurality of processors perform operations including: (a) using or instructing to use, on a plurality of occasions, the use of a sensor system to sense an environmental characteristic in the presence of the individual, the sensor system being disposed in the facility and operatively coupled to a local area network, the local area network is configured to facilitate control of at least one other device of the facility; (b) analyze or indicate an analysis of (i) a plurality of environmental characteristic data samples and (ii) a threshold value indicative of an abnormal physical characteristic to generate an analysis; and (c) using or instructing to use the analysis to generate a report of the presence and/or absence of an indication of abnormal physical characteristics of the individual. An apparatus for detecting a physical characteristic of an individual in a facility, the apparatus comprising at least one controller configured to: (a) operatively coupled to a sensor system configured to sense an environmental characteristic; (b) using or directing the use of a sensor system to sense, on a plurality of occasions, an environmental characteristic in the presence of the individual; (b) analyzing or indicating an analysis of (i) a plurality of environmental characteristic data samples and (ii) a difference threshold value indicative of an abnormal physical characteristic to generate an analysis; (c) use or instruct the use of the analysis to generate a report of the presence and/or absence of an indication of abnormal physical characteristics in the individual; and (d) controls or instructs to control at least one other device of the facility. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the presence of the individual significantly perturbs characteristics of the environment compared to the absence of the individual in the environment. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the at least one controller is configured to (i) collect or direct the collection of a plurality of samples of environmental characteristic data of the individual on the plurality of occasions in order to quantify a normal physical characteristic of the individual, ( ii) analyzing or instructing to analyze a relative difference between one of the data samples most recent and the quantified normal, and wherein the threshold value is a difference threshold value. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system includes a plurality of sensors. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system comprises a collection of devices housing (i) a sensor and/or (ii) a sensor and an emitter. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system is communicatively coupled to a local area network disposed in the facility. The apparatus of claim 221, wherein the local area network comprises cables housed in an enclosure of the facility. The apparatus of claim 221, wherein the at least one controller is configured to transmit or instruct transmission of power and communications over a single cable of the local area network. The apparatus of claim 221, wherein the at least one controller is configured to use or instructs to use the local area network to transmit at least a fourth generation or a fifth generation cellular communication. The apparatus of claim 221, further comprising using the local area network to transmit data including media. The apparatus of claim 221, wherein the at least one controller is configured to use or direct the use of the local area network to control an atmosphere at the facility. The apparatus of claim 221, wherein the at least one controller is configured to use or direct the use of the local area network to control a tintable window disposed in the facility. The apparatus of claim 221, wherein the at least one controller is configured to use or direct the use of the local area network to control the facility. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system includes a plurality of devices disposed in a device collective, and wherein the device collective includes a transmitter, a sensor, an antenna, a radar, a dispenser, A badge reader, geolocation technology, an accelerometer and/or a logo reader. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system comprises an electromagnetic sensor. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system includes a first electromagnetic sensor configured to detect a first radiation range, and configured to detect a first radiation range having a range that does not overlap with the first radiation range at least a portion of a second radiation range of a second electromagnetic sensor. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system comprises an infrared sensor, a visible light sensor, or a depth camera. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system comprises a web camera. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system includes a visible light sensor and an invisible light sensor. The apparatus of claim 234, wherein the invisible light comprises infrared light. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system includes a camera configured to distinguish an object from its surroundings based at least in part on infrared radiation readings and/or visible radiation readings. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the at least one controller is configured to use or direct use of the sensor system, at least in part, by measuring at a rate of at least about every 2 seconds or every 1 second. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system is configured to measure the individual when the individual is positioned horizontally away from a sensor of the sensor system at a distance of at least 1, 2, or 3 feet an environmental characteristic, the sensor being configured to sense the environmental characteristic. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein a sensor that senses the environmental characteristic has a horizontal and/or vertical field of view of at least about 45 degrees, 55 degrees, 75 degrees, or 110 degrees, the sensor is included in the sensor system. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to focus on one or more facial landmark features of the individual to measure the environmental characteristics. The apparatus of claim 240, wherein the facial landmark features comprise the subject's eyes, eyebrows and/or nose. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the at least one controller is configured to instruct the at least one sensor of the sensor system to focus on the depth placement of the individual to measure the environmental characteristics. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the at least one controller is configured to instruct the at least one sensor of the sensor system to focus on a horizontal distance from the at least one sensor to the individual to measure the and other environmental characteristics. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the at least one controller is configured at least in part by considering (i) at least one facial feature of the individual and/or (ii) the individual relative to one or more sensors The horizontal displacement of the sensor system instructs the at least one sensor of the sensor system to focus its measurement. The apparatus of claim 244, wherein the horizontal displacement is determined at least in part using distance between facial landmark features of the individual, depth camera, and/or visible and invisible light electromagnetic sensor measurements. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the at least one controller is configured to analyze or instruct to analyze the plurality of environmental characteristic data samples at least in part by using a machine learning model utilizing a learning set including a Measurements in the presence of an individual, in the presence of a black body, ground truth measurements and/or analog measurements. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the at least one controller is configured to evaluate or instruct to evaluate the characteristic at least in part by filtering background measurements. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the at least one controller is configured to evaluate or instruct to evaluate an environmental characteristic at least in part attributable to the background by filtering the characteristic. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the at least one controller is configured to analyze or instruct to analyze the plurality of environmental characteristic data samples including at least in part by using a machine learning model including a regression model or a classification model. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system is disposed in or attached to a frame. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system is disposed in a public information query station configured to serve at least one user. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system is disposed in a public information inquiry station configured to simultaneously serve a plurality of users from opposite sides of the public information inquiry station. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system is disposed in a public information inquiry station configured to simultaneously serve a plurality of users at a side of the public information inquiry station. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system is disposed in a public information query station comprising modular units. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system is disposed in a public information query station including one or more media displays. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system is disposed in a public information query station configured to interact with one or more users remotely and/or contactlessly. The apparatus of claim 216, wherein the sensor system is disposed in a public information station configured to conditionally grant access to at least a portion of the facility. A method of detecting occupancy in at least one enclosure of a facility, comprising: (a) using a sensor system to sense, over a period of time, a body signature of at least one individual disposed in the at least one enclosure of the facility, the body signature being a characteristic of an individual, wherein the sensing the server system is operatively coupled to a local area network of the facility configured to control at least one other device of the facility; (b) analyze the sensed body signatures during the time period to generate an analysis; and (c) determining occupancy of the at least one enclosure of the facility based at least in part on the analysis. The method of claim 258, wherein at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense electromagnetic radiation. The method of claim 258, wherein at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense infrared and/or visible radiation. The method of claim 258, wherein at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense the depth of the at least one enclosure. The method of claim 258, wherein at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense ultra-wideband frequency radiation. The method of claim 258, wherein at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to move the at least one individual. The method of claim 258, further comprising performing image processing on the body signature measured by the sensor system. The method of claim 258, further comprising performing a movement analysis on the body signature measured by the sensor system. The method of claim 258, further comprising performing a direction of movement analysis on the body signature measured by the sensor system. The method of claim 258, wherein at least one sensor of the sensor system is positioned at a ceiling of the facility. The method of claim 258, wherein the at least one enclosure is a plurality of enclosures, and wherein determining the occupancy of the at least one enclosure of the facility comprises determining the occupancy of each of the plurality of enclosures over time occupancy. The method of claim 258, wherein analyzing comprises using the facility's occupancy, schedule and/or schedule database. The method of claim 258, wherein analyzing comprises using an occupancy, schedule and/or schedule database for one or more individuals in the facility. An apparatus for detecting occupancy in at least one enclosure of a facility, comprising at least one controller configured to: (a) operatively coupled to a sensor system; (b) using or directing the use of a sensor system to sense, over a period of time, the physical signature of at least one individual disposed in the at least one enclosure of the facility, the physical signature being a characteristic of an individual; (c) analyze or instruct to analyze the sensed body signatures within the time period to generate an analysis; (d) determining or instructing to determine the occupancy of the at least one enclosure of the facility based at least in part on the analysis; and (e) control or instruct to control at least one other device of the facility. The apparatus of claim 271, wherein at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense electromagnetic radiation. The apparatus of claim 271, wherein at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense infrared and/or visible radiation. The apparatus of claim 271, wherein at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense the depth of the at least one enclosure. The apparatus of claim 271, wherein at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to sense ultra-wideband frequency radiation. The apparatus of claim 271, wherein at least one sensor of the sensor system is configured to move the at least one individual. The apparatus of claim 271, wherein the at least one controller is configured to perform or instructs to perform image processing of the body signature measured by the sensor system. The apparatus of claim 271, wherein the at least one controller is configured to perform or instructs to perform a movement analysis of the body signature measured by the sensor system. The apparatus of claim 271, wherein the at least one controller is configured to perform or instructs to perform a direction of movement analysis of the body signature measured by the sensor system. The apparatus of claim 271, wherein at least one sensor of the sensor system is positioned at a ceiling of the facility. The apparatus of claim 271, wherein the at least one enclosure is a plurality of enclosures, and wherein determining the occupancy of the at least one enclosure of the facility includes determining the occupancy of each of the plurality of enclosures over time occupancy. The apparatus of claim 271, wherein analyzing the sensed body signature includes using or indicating use of the facility's occupancy, schedule and/or schedule database. The apparatus of claim 271, wherein analyzing the sensed body signature comprises using or instructing to use an occupancy, schedule and/or schedule database of one or more individuals in the facility.

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