TW202143669A - Probabilistic amplitude shaping - Google Patents

Abstract

This disclosure provides methods, devices and systems for encoding data in wireless communications. Some implementations more specifically relate to performing a first encoding operation on data bits of a code block to shape the amplitudes of the resultant symbols such that the amplitudes have a non-uniform distribution. In some aspects, the probabilities associated with the respective amplitudes generally increase with decreasing amplitude. For example, the non-uniform distribution of the amplitudes of the symbols may be approximately Gaussian. In some aspects, the first encoding operation is or includes a prefix encoding operation having an effective coding rate greater than 0.94 but less than 1. The first encoding operation is followed by a second encoding operation that also adds redundancy but does not alter the data bits themselves. In some aspects, the second encoding operation is or includes a low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoding operation associated with a coding rate greater than 5/6.

Description

Probability Amplitude Shaping

This patent application claims the priority of the U.S. provisional patent application filed on January 6, 2020 and named "PROBABILISTIC AMPLITUDE SHAPING", No. 62/957,522, and the above application is assigned to the assignee of this disclosure people. The disclosure of the earlier application is considered a part of this patent application and is incorporated into this patent application by reference.

In general, the present disclosure is about wireless communication, and more specifically, about encoding data to achieve non-uniform amplitude distribution.

A wireless local area network (WLAN) can be formed by one or more access points (APs) that provide a shared wireless communication medium for use by several client devices (also known as stations (STA)) . The basic building block of a WLAN conforming to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 series of standards is the Basic Service Set (BSS) managed by the AP. Each BSS is identified by the basic service set identifier (BSSID) announced by the AP. The AP periodically broadcasts beacon frames so that any STA within the wireless range of the AP can establish or maintain a communication link with the WLAN.

The sending and receiving equipment can support the use of various modulation and coding schemes (MCS) to send and receive data in order to make optimal use of wireless channel conditions, for example, to increase throughput, reduce delay or implement various quality of service (QoS) parameter. For example, the existing technology supports the use of up to 1024-QAM, and it is expected that 4096-QAM (also known as "4k QAM") will also be realized. 1024-QAM and 4096-QAM and other MCS involve the use of low-density parity (LDPC) coding. An LDPC encoding operation can be performed on the data bits of the code block, for example, to add redundancy for forward error correction (FEC).

Wireless channels in the real world often contain noise, which imposes a limit on the maximum rate at which data can be transmitted. Shannon-Hartley (Shannon-Hartley) theorem establishes the upper limit or limit of the absolute channel capacity of the link (called "Shannon world"), that is, in the presence of noise, every unit of time can be The maximum amount of error-free information transmitted on a specific bandwidth. Unfortunately, even for high MCS, the achievable channel capacity using LDPC encoding shows a significant gap with the Shannon world. In addition, in order to be able to use high MCS (including 1024-QAM and 4096-QAM), a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is required, but it may be difficult to obtain the required SNR for such high MCS.

The system, method, and device of the present disclosure all have several innovative aspects, and no single aspect is solely responsible for the desired attributes disclosed in this article.

An innovative aspect of the subject described in this disclosure can be implemented as a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a wireless communication device, and may include: performing a first encoding operation on a plurality of information bits, the first encoding operation generating a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits; arranging the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits into a plurality of Code blocks, where each code block has a number (M) of bits, and the number (M) of bits includes one or a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits in a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits; for a plurality of codes The block performs a second encoding operation, and the second encoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding coded characters, wherein each coded character has a number (L) of bits, and the number (L) of bits includes the corresponding code block One or more amplitude-shaped bits and one or more parity bits generated by the second encoding operation, where M/L>5/6; one of each of the plurality of encoded characters Or a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits and one or more of the same bits are arranged into a plurality of symbols, wherein each symbol has an amplitude based on the corresponding amplitude-shaped bit arranged in the symbol, and wherein the first encoding operation Generating a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits so that the amplitude of the plurality of symbols has a non-uniform distribution; and sending a wireless packet including the plurality of symbols to at least one receiving device.

In some implementations, M/L=7/8. In some implementations, the first encoding operation has an effective encoding rate greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than 1. In some implementations, the first encoding operation is not performed on the plurality of unshaped information bits, where the M bits of each code block also include one or more unshaped bits of the plurality of unshaped bits.

In some implementations, the execution of the first encoding operation includes: selecting a bit value pattern matching a subset of information bits from a look-up table (LUT), where the LUT stores a corresponding plurality of amplitude-shaped bits A plurality of bit value patterns corresponding to the meta pattern, and the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits include the amplitude-shaped bit pattern corresponding to the selected bit value pattern. In some aspects, each amplitude-shaped bit pattern of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns may represent a corresponding amplitude level with a probability of occurrence based on a probability quality function (PMF). In some other aspects, each amplitude-shaped bit pattern of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns may represent two or more amplitude levels with a probability of occurrence based on PMF.

In some implementations, the second encoding operation is based on a low-density parity (LDPC) code. In some aspects, the LDPC code may have an encoding rate equal to 7/8. In some other aspects, the LDPC code may have an encoding rate equal to 5/6. In some implementations, the execution of the second encoding operation includes: encoding the M bits of each code block into a corresponding number (N) of coded character bits based on the LDPC code; and combining with each code block A number of associated (K) coded character bits are punctured so that L=NK. In some aspects, M=1620, N=1944, and K≥90. In some other aspects, M=1701, N=2106, and K=162. In some implementations, puncturing is not performed on a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits.

Another innovative aspect of the subject described in this disclosure can be implemented in a wireless communication device. In some implementations, the wireless communication device may include at least one modem, at least one processor communicatively coupled with the at least one modem, and at least one memory communicatively coupled with the at least one processor and storing processor-readable code. body. In some implementations, the execution of the processor-readable code by at least one processor causes the wireless communication device to perform operations, and the operations include: performing a first encoding operation on a plurality of information bits, and the first encoding operation Generate a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits; arrange the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits into a plurality of code blocks, wherein each code block has a number (M) of bits, and the number (M) of bits includes a plurality of One or more of the amplitude-shaped bits; a second encoding operation is performed on a plurality of code blocks, and the second encoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding coded characters, wherein each coded character has a number (L) bits, these (L) bits include one or more amplitude-shaped bits of the corresponding code block and one or more parity bits generated by the second encoding operation, where M/ L>5/6; Arrange one or more amplitude-shaped bits and one or more parity bits of each coded character in a plurality of coded characters into a plurality of symbols, wherein each symbol has a symbol based on The amplitudes of the corresponding amplitude-shaped bits arranged in the symbol, and wherein the first encoding operation generates a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits, so that the amplitudes of the plurality of symbols have a non-uniform distribution; and sending to at least one receiving device includes a complex number Wireless packet of two symbols.

Another innovative aspect of the subject described in this disclosure can be implemented as a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a wireless communication device, and may include: receiving a wireless packet, the wireless packet including a plurality of symbols having a plurality of amplitudes, wherein the plurality of symbols represent a plurality of coded character bits, and wherein the plurality of amplitudes have non-uniformity Distribution; Arrange a plurality of coded character bits into a plurality of code blocks, where each code block includes a number (L) of coded character bits; perform a first decoding operation on the plurality of code blocks, the first decoding operation Generate a plurality of corresponding coded characters, where each coded character has a number (M) of bits, and the number (M) of bits includes a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits and a plurality of parity bits, where M /L>5/6, and the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of each coded character indicates the amplitude of the corresponding symbol in the plurality of symbols; and the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of each coded character are executed A second decoding operation, which generates a plurality of corresponding de-shaping bits for each of the plurality of coded characters.

In some implementations, M/L=7/8. In some implementations, the first decoding operation is based on LDPC codes. In some aspects, the LDPC code may have an encoding rate equal to 7/8. In some other aspects, the LDPC code may have an encoding rate equal to 5/6.

In some implementations, the second decoding operation reverses the preamble encoding operation, which has an effective coding rate greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than one. In some implementations, the execution of the second decoding operation includes: selecting from the LUT a de-shaped bit pattern that matches a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of a corresponding coded character in the plurality of coded characters, where the LUT A plurality of de-shaping bit patterns corresponding to the corresponding plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns are stored, and the plurality of de-shaping bits include the selected de-shaping bit pattern. In some aspects, each amplitude-shaped bit pattern of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns may represent a corresponding amplitude of the plurality of amplitudes based on the probability of occurrence of PMF. In some other aspects, each amplitude-shaped bit pattern of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns may represent two or more amplitudes of the plurality of amplitudes based on the probability of occurrence of PMF.

Another innovative aspect of the subject described in this disclosure can be implemented in a wireless communication device. In some implementations, the wireless communication device includes at least one modem, at least one processor communicatively coupled with the at least one modem, and at least one memory communicatively coupled with the at least one processor and storing processor-readable code . In some implementations, the execution of the processor-readable code by at least one processor causes the wireless communication device to perform operations including: receiving a wireless packet, the wireless packet including a plurality of symbols with a plurality of amplitudes, A plurality of symbols represents a plurality of coded character bits, and the plurality of amplitudes have a non-uniform distribution; the plurality of coded character bits are arranged into a plurality of code blocks, and each code block includes a number (L) of codes Character bits; a first decoding operation is performed on a plurality of code blocks, and the first decoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding coded characters, wherein each coded character has a number (M) bits, and the numbers (M ) Bits include a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits and a plurality of parity bits, where M/L>5/6, and the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of each coded character indicate the corresponding number of symbols The amplitude of the symbol; and performing a second decoding operation on the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of each coded character, the second decoding operation for each of the plurality of coded characters to generate a plurality of corresponding to Shaping bits.

For the purpose of describing the innovative aspects of the present disclosure, the following description is directed to some specific implementations. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the teachings in this article can be applied in many different ways. The described implementation can be implemented in any device, system or network capable of sending and receiving radio frequency (RF) signals according to one or more of the following: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, IEEE 802.15 Standards, such as the Bluetooth® standard defined by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), or Long Term Evolution (LTE), 3G, 4G, or 5G (New Radio (NR) issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) ) Standards, and other standards. The described implementation can be implemented in any device, system or network capable of transmitting and receiving RF signals according to any one or more of the following technologies or methods: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access Industrial Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Single User (SU) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Multi User (MU) MIMO. The described implementation can also be implemented using other wireless communication protocols or RF signals suitable for use in one or more of the following: wireless personal area network (WPAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), wireless Wide area network (WWAN) or Internet of Things (IOT) network.

Each aspect is generally about encoding data for wireless communication to achieve a desired amplitude distribution, and more specifically, about performing a first encoding operation on the data bits of the code block to shape the amplitude of the resulting symbol, so that The amplitude has a non-uniform distribution. In some aspects, the probability associated with the corresponding amplitude generally increases as the amplitude decreases. For example, the non-uniform distribution of the amplitude of the symbols can be approximated as a Gaussian distribution. In some aspects, the first encoding operation is or includes a first code encoding operation that has an effective encoding rate greater than 0.94 but less than 1. For example, the first encoding operation can add redundancy to the input data bits by expanding the overall number of data bits. The first encoding operation is followed by a second encoding operation, which also adds redundancy but does not change the data bit itself. In some aspects, the second encoding operation is or includes a low density parity (LDPC) encoding operation associated with an encoding rate greater than 5/6 (such as 7/8).

The specific implementation of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some implementations, the described technique can be used to narrow the gap between the channel capacity actually achievable by the sending device and the theoretical Shannon world, for example, by encoding the amplitude so that the resulting amplitude distribution is approximately Gaussian. distributed. In the current implementation, the spectral efficiency of wireless communication is affected by the encoding rate of the first encoding operation and the encoding rate of the second encoding operation. As described above, the first encoding operation has an effective encoding rate less than one. By combining the first encoding operation with the second encoding operation with an encoding rate of 7/8, the various aspects of the present disclosure can achieve an overall encoding rate of ~5/6 (which allows the existing version of the IEEE 802.11 standard Peak spectral efficiency).

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless communication network 100. According to some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be an example of a wireless local area network (WLAN) (such as a Wi-Fi network) (and will be referred to as the WLAN 100 hereinafter). For example, the WLAN 100 may be a wireless communication protocol standard that implements the IEEE 802.11 series (such as the standard defined by the IEEE 802.11-2016 specification or its amendments, including but not limited to 802.11ah, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az , 802.11ba and 802.11be) at least one standard network. The WLAN 100 may include many wireless communication devices, such as an access point (AP) 102 and a plurality of stations (STA) 104. Although only one AP 102 is shown, the WLAN network 100 may also include multiple APs 102.

Each STA 104 in the STA 104 can also be referred to as a mobile station (MS), mobile device, mobile phone, wireless handset, access terminal (AT), user equipment (UE), subscriber station (SS), or subscriber unit , And other possibilities. STA 104 can represent various devices, such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), other handheld devices, netbooks, notebooks, tablets, laptops, display devices (for example, TVs, computer monitors, navigation systems, and Other devices), music or other audio or body experience devices, remote control devices ("remote units"), printers, kitchens or other household appliances, key cards (for example, for passive keyless entry and activation ( PKES) system), and other possibilities.

A single AP 102 and a set of associated STAs 104 may be referred to as a basic service set (BSS), which is managed by the corresponding AP 102. FIG. 1 additionally illustrates an example coverage area 106 of the AP 102, which may represent the basic service area (BSA) of the WLAN 100. The BSS can be identified to the user by a service set identifier (SSID), and by a basic service set identifier (BSSID) to identify other devices. The BSSID can be the media access control (MAC) address of the AP 102. AP 102 periodically broadcasts a beacon frame ("beacon") that includes the BSSID so that any STA 104 within the wireless range of AP 102 can "associate" or re-associate with AP 102 to establish a correspondence with AP 102 The communication link 108 (hereinafter also referred to as a “Wi-Fi link”) or maintains the communication link 108. For example, the beacon may include an identification of the main channel used by the corresponding AP 102 and a timing synchronization function for establishing or maintaining timing synchronization with the AP 102. The AP 102 can provide various STAs 104 in the WLAN with access to the external network through the corresponding communication link 108.

In order to establish a communication link 108 with the AP 102, each STA 104 in the STA 104 is configured to perform on a frequency channel in one or more frequency bands (for example, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, or 60 GHz band) Passive or active scanning operations ("scanning"). In order to perform passive scanning, the STA 104 listens to the corresponding AP 102 at periodic intervals (measured in time units (TU) called target beacon transmission time (TBTT), where one TU can be equal to 1024 microseconds ( µs)) to send the beacon. In order to perform active scanning, the STA 104 generates a probe request and sequentially sends a probe request on each channel to be scanned, and listens for a probe response from the AP 102. Each STA 104 can be configured to identify or select the AP 102 to be associated with it based on the scan information obtained through passive or active scanning, and perform authentication and association operations to establish a communication link 108 with the selected AP 102 . The AP 102 assigns an Association Identifier (AID) to the STA 104 at the end of the association operation, and the AP 102 uses the AID to track the STA 104.

Due to the increasing popularity of wireless networks, the STA 104 may have the opportunity to choose one of the many BSSs within the range of the STA, or between multiple APs 102 that together form an extended service set (ESS) including multiple connected BSSs Make a selection. The extended network station associated with the WLAN 100 may be connected to a wired or wireless distribution system, which may allow multiple APs 102 to be connected in such an ESS. As such, the STA 104 can be covered by more than one AP 102, and can be associated with different APs 102 at different times for different transmissions. In addition, after associating with the AP 102, the STA 104 can also be configured to scan its surrounding environment periodically to find a more suitable AP 102 to associate with it. For example, a STA 104 that is moving relative to its associated AP 102 can perform a "roaming" scan to find networks with more desirable characteristics (such as a larger received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or reduced transmission volume) Load) another AP 102.

In some cases, the STA 104 may form a network without the AP 102 or other devices other than the STA 104 itself. An example of such a network is an ad hoc network (or wireless ad hoc network). Self-organizing networks can alternatively be called mesh networks or peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. In some cases, a self-organizing network can be implemented within a larger wireless network (such as WLAN 100). In this implementation, although the STAs 104 may be able to communicate with each other via the AP 102 using the communication link 108, the STAs 104 may also communicate directly with each other via the direct wireless link 110. In addition, two STAs 104 can communicate via the direct communication link 110, regardless of whether the two STAs 104 are both associated with the same AP 102 and served by the same AP 102. In this kind of self-organizing system, one or more of the STAs 104 in the STA 104 can assume the role assumed by the AP 102 in the BSS. Such STA 104 may be referred to as a group owner (GO), and may coordinate transmission in the self-organizing network. Examples of the direct wireless link 110 include Wi-Fi direct connections, connections established by using Wi-Fi tunnel direct link establishment (TDLS) links, and other P2P group connections.

AP 102 and STA 104 can be based on IEEE 802.11 series of wireless communication protocol standards (such as standards defined by IEEE 802.11-2016 specifications or their amendments, including but not limited to 802.11ah, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az , 802.11ba and 802.11be) to perform and communicate (via the corresponding communication link 108). These standards define WLAN radio and baseband protocols for the PHY and media access control (MAC) layers. The AP 102 and the STA 104 send and receive wireless communication to and from each other in the form of a physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) (hereinafter also referred to as “Wi-Fi communication”). AP 102 and STA 104 in WLAN 100 can send PPDUs on unlicensed spectrum, which may include frequency bands traditionally used by Wi-Fi technology (such as 2.4 GHz band, 5 GHz band, 60 GHz band, 3.6 GHz band, and 900 MHz band) part of the spectrum. Some implementations of the AP 102 and the STA 104 described herein can also communicate in other frequency bands (such as the 6 GHz frequency band) that can support both authorized communication and unlicensed communication. AP 102 and STA 104 can also be configured to communicate on other frequency bands, such as shared authorized frequency bands. In these shared authorized frequency bands, multiple service providers can have authorizations to communicate on the same or overlapping one or Operate in multiple frequency bands.

Each of the frequency bands may include multiple sub-bands or frequency channels. For example, PPDUs that comply with IEEE 802.11n, 802.11ac, and 802.11ax standard amendments can be transmitted in the 2.4 and 5 GHz frequency bands, and each of these 2.4 and 5 GHz frequency bands is divided into multiple 20 MHz channels. As such, these PPDUs are transmitted on physical channels with a minimum bandwidth of 20 MHz, but larger channels can be formed through channel constraints. For example, by constraining multiple 20 MHz channels together, PPDUs can be sent on physical channels with a bandwidth of 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz.

Each PPDU is a composite structure including a PHY preamble signal and a payload in the form of a PLCP service data unit (PSDU). The information provided in the preamble signal can be used by the receiving device to decode the subsequent data in the PSDU. In the example in which the PPDU is sent on the constrained channel, the preamble signal field can be copied and sent in each of the multiple component channels. The PHY preamble signal can include both a traditional part (or "traditional preamble signal") and a non-traditional part (or "non-traditional preamble signal"). The traditional preamble signal can be used for packet detection, automatic gain control, channel estimation, and other purposes. The traditional preamble signal can also be used to maintain compatibility with traditional equipment. The format, coding, and information provided in the non-traditional part of the preamble signal are based on the specific IEEE 802.11 protocol to be used to transmit the payload.

FIG. 2A illustrates an example protocol data unit (PDU) 200 that can be used for wireless communication between an AP and several STAs. For example, PDU 200 may be configured as a PPDU. As illustrated, the PDU 200 includes a PHY preamble signal 202 and a PHY payload 204. For example, the preamble signal 202 may include a traditional part, which itself includes a traditional short training field (L-STF) 206 (which may include two BPSK symbols), a traditional long training field (L-LTF) 208 (which It may include two BPSK symbols) and a traditional signal field (L-SIG) 210 (which may include two BPSK symbols). The traditional part of the preamble signal 202 can be configured according to the IEEE 802.11a wireless communication protocol standard. The preamble signal 202 may also include a non-traditional part. The non-traditional part includes, for example, one or more non-traditional fields 212 that comply with IEEE wireless communication protocols (such as IEEE 802.11ac, 802.11ax, 802.11be or later wireless communication protocol standards). .

L-STF 206 generally enables the receiving device to perform automatic gain control (AGC) and rough timing and frequency estimation. L-LTF 208 generally enables the receiving device to perform fine timing and frequency estimation, and can also perform initial estimation of the wireless channel. L-SIG 210 usually enables the receiving device to determine the duration of the PDU and use the determined duration to avoid sending on the PDU. For example, L-STF 206, L-LTF 208, and L-SIG 210 may be modulated according to a binary shift keying (BPSK) modulation scheme. The payload 204 may be modulated according to a BPSK modulation scheme, a quadrature BPSK (Q-BPSK) modulation scheme, a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme, or another suitable modulation scheme. The payload 204 may include a PSDU that includes a data field (DATA) 214, and the data field 214 may then be, for example, a media access control (MAC) protocol data unit (MPDU) or aggregated MPDU (A-MPDU) The form carries higher-level information.

FIG. 2B illustrates an example L-SIG 210 in the PDU 200 of FIG. 2A. The L-SIG 210 includes a data rate field 222, a reserved bit 224, a length field 226, a parity bit 228, and a tail field 230. The data rate field 222 indicates the data rate (note that the data rate indicated in the data rate field 212 may not be the actual data rate of the data carried in the payload 204). The length field 226 indicates the length of the packet in units of symbols or bytes, for example. The parity bit 228 can be used to detect bit errors. The tail field 230 includes a tail bit that can be used by the receiving device to terminate the operation of a decoder (for example, a Viterbi decoder). The receiving device can use the data rate and length indicated in the data rate field 222 and the length field 226 to determine the duration of the packet in, for example, microseconds (µs) or other time units.

Figure 3 illustrates another example PDU 350 that can be used for wireless communication between an AP and several STAs. PDU 350 can be used for MU-OFDMA or MU-MIMO transmission. The PDU 350 includes a PHY preamble signal, and the PHY preamble signal includes a legacy part 352 and a non-legacy part 354. The PDU 350 may also include a PHY payload 356 in the form of a PSDU including the DATA field 374 after the preamble signal, for example. The traditional part 352 includes L-STF 358, L-LTF 360, and L-SIG 362. The non-traditional part 354 and the DATA field 374 of the preamble signal can be formatted into the high efficiency (HE) WLAN preamble signal and frame respectively according to the IEEE 802.11ax amendment of the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standard. The non-traditional part 354 includes a repeating traditional signal field (RL-SIG) 364, a first HE signal field (HE-SIG-A) 366, and a second HE signal field coded separately from HE-SIG-A 366 ( HE-SIG-B) 368, HE short training field (HE-STF) 370 and several HE long training fields (HE-LTF) 372. Like L-STF 358, L-LTF 360, and L-SIG 362, in instances involving the use of accompanying channels, the information in RL-SIG 364 and HE-SIG-A 366 can be stored in the component 20 MHz channel. Each component is copied and sent in a 20 MHz channel. In contrast, HE-SIG-B 368 may be unique for each 20 MHz channel and may target a specific STA 104.

The RL-SIG 364 may indicate to the HE-compatible STA 104 that the PPDU is an HE-PPDU. AP 102 can use HE-SIG-A 366 to identify and notify multiple STAs 104 that the AP has scheduled UL or DL resources for it. The HE-SIG-A 366 can be decoded by each HE-compliant STA 104 served by the AP 102. The HE-SIG-A 366 includes information that can be used by each recognized STA 104 to decode the associated HE-SIG-B 368. For example, HE-SIG-A 366 can indicate the frame format, including the position and length of HE-SIG B 368, available channel bandwidth, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), and other possibilities. The HE-SIG-A 366 may also include HE WLAN signal transmission information that can be used by STAs 104 other than a number of recognized STAs 104.

The HE-SIG-B 368 may carry STA-specific scheduling information, such as, for example, per-user MCS value and per-user RU allocation information. In the context of DL MU-OFDMA, this information enables the corresponding STA 104 to identify and decode the corresponding RU in the associated data field. Each HE-SIG-B 368 includes a public field and at least one STA-specific ("user-specific") field. The common field can indicate the RU allocation for multiple STAs 104, indicate the RU assignment in the frequency domain, indicate which RUs are allocated for MU-MIMO transmission and which RUs correspond to MU-OFDMA transmission, and the use in the allocation Number of participants, and other possibilities. The common field can be coded together with common bits, CRC bits, and tail bits. User-specific fields are assigned to specific STAs 104 and can be used to schedule specific RUs and indicate the schedule to other WLAN devices. Each user-specific field can include multiple user block fields (which can be followed by padding). Each user block field may include two user fields, and the two user fields contain information for two corresponding STAs to decode their corresponding RU payload in the DATA field 374.

As described above, AP 102 and STA 104 can support multi-user (MU) communication; that is, concurrent transmission from one device to each of multiple devices (for example, from AP 102 to the corresponding STA 104 Multiple simultaneous downlink (DL) communications), or concurrent transmissions from multiple devices to a single device (for example, multiple simultaneous uplink (UL) transmissions from the corresponding STA 104 to AP 102). In order to support MU transmission, AP 102 and STA 104 can utilize Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) and Multi-User Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (MU-OFDMA) technologies.

In the MU-OFDMA scheme, the available spectrum of the wireless channel can be divided into multiple resource elements (RU), and each RU includes several different frequency subcarriers ("tones"). Different RUs may be allocated or assigned to different STAs 104 by the AP 102 at a specific time. The size and distribution of RUs can be referred to as RU allocation. In some implementations, RUs may be allocated at intervals of 2 MHz, and as such, the smallest RU may include 26 tones, which include 24 data tones and 2 pilot tones. Therefore, in a 20 MHz channel, up to 9 RUs (such as 2 MHz, 26-tone RU) can be allocated (because some tones are reserved for other purposes). Similarly, in a 160 MHz channel, up to 74 RUs can be allocated. You can also assign larger 52 tones, 106 tones, 242 tones, 484 tones, and 996 tones RU. Adjacent RUs can be separated by empty subcarriers (such as DC subcarriers), for example, to reduce interference between adjacent RUs, reduce receiver DC offset, and avoid transmission center frequency leakage.

For UL MU transmission, AP 102 may send a trigger frame to initiate and synchronize UL MU-OFDMA or UL MU-MIMO transmission from multiple STAs 104 to AP 102. Such a trigger frame can therefore enable multiple STAs 104 to concurrently send UL transmissions to the AP 102 in time. The trigger frame can address one or more STAs 104 via the corresponding Association Identifier (AID), and each AID (and therefore each STA 104) can be assigned an amount that can be used to send UL transmissions to the AP 102 One or more RUs. The AP can also specify one or more random access (RA) RUs that the unscheduled STA 104 can contend for.

FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless communication device 400. In some implementations, the wireless communication device 400 may be an example of a device for use in an STA (such as one of the STAs 104 described with reference to FIG. 1 ). In some implementations, the wireless communication device 400 may be an example of a device for use in an AP (such as the AP 102 described with reference to FIG. 1). The wireless communication device 400 can send (or output for transmission) and receive wireless communication (for example, in the form of a wireless packet). For example, the wireless communication device can be configured to comply with IEEE 802.11 wireless communication protocol standards (such as standards defined by the IEEE 802.11-2016 specification or its amendments, including but not limited to 802.11ah, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba and 802.11be) send and receive packets in the form of physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) and media access control (MAC) protocol data unit (MPDU).

The wireless communication device 400 may be or may include a chip, a system on a chip (SoC), a chipset, a package, or a device, which includes one or more modems 402, for example, Wi-Fi (compliant with IEEE 802.11) modems. In some implementations, the one or more modems 402 (collectively referred to as "modem 402") additionally include a WWAN modem (for example, a modem that complies with 3GPP 4G LTE or 5G). In some implementations, the wireless communication device 400 also includes one or more radio units 404 (collectively referred to as “radio units 404”). In some implementations, the wireless communication device 406 also includes one or more processors, processing blocks or processing elements 406 (collectively referred to as "processors 406") and one or more memory blocks or elements 408 (collectively referred to as "memory Body 408").

The modem 402 may include smart hardware blocks or devices, such as, for example, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) among other possibilities. The modem 402 is generally configured to implement the PHY layer. For example, the modem 402 is configured to modulate the packet and output the modulated packet to the radio unit 404 for transmission on the wireless medium. The modem 402 is similarly configured to obtain the modulated packet received by the radio unit 404 and demodulate the packet to provide the demodulated packet. In addition to the modulator and demodulator, the modem 402 may also include a digital signal processing (DSP) circuit, an automatic gain control (AGC), an encoder, a decoder, a multiplexer, and a demultiplexer. For example, when in the transmit mode, the data obtained from the processor 406 is provided to an encoder, which encodes the data to provide encoded bits. The coded bits are then mapped to points in the modulation cluster (using the selected MCS) to provide modulated symbols. The modulated symbols can then be mapped to the number N _SS spatial streams or the number N _STS space-time streams. The modulated symbols in the corresponding spatial stream or space-time stream can then be multiplexed, transformed via an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block, and then provided to the DSP circuit for Tx windowing and Filtering. The digital signal can then be provided to a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The resulting analog signal can then be provided to the frequency upconverter and finally to the radio unit 404. In implementations involving beamforming, the modulated symbols in the corresponding spatial stream are pre-coded via a steering matrix before they are provided to the IFFT block.

When in the receiving mode, the digital signal received from the radio unit 404 is provided to the DSP circuit, which is configured to obtain the received signal, for example, by detecting the presence of the signal and estimating the initial timing and frequency offset . The DSP circuit is also configured to, for example, use channel (narrowband) filtering, analog impairment adjustment (such as correcting I/Q imbalance), and apply digital gain to digitally adjust the digital signal to finally obtain a narrowband signal. The output of the DSP circuit can then be fed to the AGC, which is configured to use information extracted from the digital signal (for example, in one or more received training fields) to determine the appropriate gain. The output of the DSP circuit is also coupled with a demodulator, which is configured to extract demodulated symbols from the signal, and calculate the logarithm for each bit position of each subcarrier in each spatial stream, for example Probability Ratio (LLR). The demodulator is coupled with a decoder, which can be configured to process the LLR to provide decoded bits. The decoded bits from all spatial streams are then fed to the demultiplexer for demultiplexing. The demultiplexed bits can then be descrambled and provided to the MAC layer (processor 406) for processing, evaluation, or interpretation.

The radio unit 404 usually includes at least one radio frequency (RF) transmitter (or "transmitter chain") and at least one RF receiver (or "receiver chain"), which can be combined into one or more transceivers . For example, the RF transmitter and receiver may respectively include various DSP circuits including at least one power amplifier (PA) and at least one low noise amplifier (LNA). The RF transmitter and receiver can then be coupled to one or more antennas. For example, in some implementations, the wireless communication device 400 may include multiple transmit antennas (each antenna has a corresponding transmit chain) and multiple receive antennas (each antenna has a corresponding receive chain), or be combined with multiple transmit antennas. Coupled with multiple receiving antennas. The symbols output from the modem 402 are provided to the radio unit 404, which then transmits the symbols via the coupled antenna. Similarly, the symbols received via the antenna are obtained by the radio unit 404, which then provides the symbols to the modem 402.

The processor 406 may include an intelligent hardware block or device, such as, for example, a processing core, a processing block, a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, and digital signal processing designed to perform the functions described herein. DSP, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), programmable logic device (PLD) (such as field programmable gate array (FPGA)), individual gate or transistor logic, individual hardware components or any combination thereof . The processor 406 processes the information received via the radio unit 404 and the modem 402, and processes the information to be output via the modem 402 and the radio unit 404 for transmission via wireless media. For example, the processor 406 may implement a control plane and a MAC layer configured to perform various operations related to the generation and transmission of MPDUs, frames, or packets. The MAC layer is configured to perform or facilitate encoding and decoding of frames, spatial multiplexing, space-time block coding (STBC), beamforming and OFDMA resource configuration, and other operations or techniques. In some implementations, the processor 406 can generally control the modem 402 to cause the modem to perform the various operations described above.

The memory 404 may include a tangible storage medium, such as random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM), or a combination thereof. The memory 404 can also store a non-transitory processor or computer executable software (SW) code containing instructions that, when executed by the processor 406, cause the processor to perform various operations described herein for wireless communication. Including the generation, transmission, reception and interpretation of MPDUs, frames or packets. For example, various functions of the components disclosed herein, or various blocks or steps of the methods, operations, procedures, or algorithms disclosed herein may be implemented as one or more modules of one or more computer programs.

FIG. 5A illustrates a block diagram of an example AP 502. For example, AP 502 may be an example implementation of AP 102 described with reference to FIG. 1. The AP 502 includes a wireless communication device (WCD) 510 (although the AP 502 itself can also be generally referred to as a wireless communication device, as used herein). For example, the wireless communication device 510 may be an exemplary implementation of the wireless communication device 4000 described with reference to FIG. 4. The AP 502 also includes a plurality of antennas 520 coupled with the wireless communication device 510 to transmit and receive wireless communication. In some implementations, the AP 502 additionally includes an application processor 530 coupled with the wireless communication device 510 and a memory 540 coupled with the application processor 530. The AP 502 also includes at least one external network interface 550, which enables the AP 502 to communicate with a core network or a backhaul network to obtain access to external networks (including the Internet). For example, the external network interface 550 may include one or both of a wired (for example, Ethernet) network interface and a wireless network interface (such as a WWAN interface). Some of the above components can directly or indirectly communicate with other components of the components via at least one bus. The AP 502 also includes a housing that houses the wireless communication device 510, the application processor 530, the memory 540, and at least part of the antenna 520 and the external network interface 550.

FIG. 5B illustrates a block diagram of an example STA 504. For example, STA 504 may be an example implementation of STA 104 described with reference to FIG. 1. The STA 504 includes a wireless communication device 515 (although the STA 504 itself can also be generally referred to as a wireless communication device, as used herein). For example, the wireless communication device 515 may be an exemplary implementation of the wireless communication device 400 described with reference to FIG. 4. The STA 504 also includes one or more antennas 525 coupled with the wireless communication device 515 to transmit and receive wireless communication. The STA 504 additionally includes an application processor 535 coupled with the wireless communication device 515 and a memory 545 coupled with the application processor 535. In some implementations, the STA 504 also includes a user interface (UI) 555 (such as a touch screen or keyboard) and a display 565, which can be integrated with the UI 555 to form a touch screen display. In some implementations, the STA 504 may also include one or more sensors 575, such as, for example, one or more inertial sensors, accelerometers, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, or height sensors . Some of the above components can directly or indirectly communicate with other components of the components via at least one bus. The STA 504 also includes a housing that houses the wireless communication device 515, the application processor 535, the memory 545, and at least part of the antenna 525, the UI 555, and the display 565.

Sending and receiving devices can support the use of various modulation and coding schemes (MCS) to send and receive data in order to make optimal use of wireless channel conditions, for example, to increase throughput, reduce delay or implement various quality of service (QoS) parameters. For example, the existing technology supports the use of up to 1024-QAM, and it is expected that 4096-QAM (also known as "4k QAM") will also be realized. 1024-QAM and 4096-QAM and other MCS involve the use of low-density parity (LDPC) coding. For example, the PHY layer of the transmitting device may receive one or more MPDUs or A-MPDUs in the form of PSDU from the MAC layer of the transmitting device. The PSDU can be arranged into multiple code blocks, each of which contains the main information (or "system information") representing part or all of the MPDUs in one or more MPDUs in the form of information bits. Some of the information bits in the code block (also referred to herein as "amplitude bits") are used to determine the amplitude of the symbol to be modulated and sent to the receiving device. The LDPC encoding operation can be performed on the information bits in the code block, for example, to encode the data bits to add redundancy for forward error correction. Since LDPC encoding is an example of systematic encoding, the LDPC encoding operation does not change the data bits; more precisely, the amplitude bits output from the LDPC encoder are the same as the amplitude bits input to the LDPC encoder. In other words, the value of the amplitude bit used for modulation comes directly from the original code block.

（1） 在方程式（1）中，C 表示以位元/秒為單位的通道容量，B 表示以赫茲為單位的頻寬，並且SNR 表示被定義為平均接收信號功率與雜訊和干擾的平均功率的比率的訊雜比。遺憾的是，即使對於高MCS，利用LDPC編碼可實現的通道容量顯示出與香農界的顯著差距。另外，為了能夠使用高MCS（包括1024-QAM和4096-QAM），要求高SNR，但是可能很難獲得對於此種高MCS所需要的SNR。Wireless channels in the real world often contain noise, which imposes a limit on the maximum rate at which data can be transmitted. The Shannon-Hartley theorem establishes the upper limit or limit of the absolute channel capacity of the link (called the "Shannon world"), that is, in the presence of noise, each unit of time can be transmitted on a specific bandwidth The maximum amount of error-free information for. Equation (1) below shows a representation of the Shannon-Hartley theorem.

(1) In equation (1), C represents the channel capacity in bits per second, B represents the bandwidth in hertz, and SNR is defined as the average of the average received signal power and noise and interference The signal-to-noise ratio of the power ratio. Unfortunately, even for high MCS, the achievable channel capacity using LDPC coding shows a significant gap with the Shannon world. In addition, in order to be able to use high MCS (including 1024-QAM and 4096-QAM), high SNR is required, but it may be difficult to obtain the required SNR for such high MCS.

Various implementations are usually related to encoding data for wireless communication to achieve the desired amplitude distribution. Some implementations are more specifically related to performing a first encoding operation on information bits from one or more MPDUs to shape the amplitude of the resulting symbol so that the amplitude has a non-uniform distribution. In some implementations of non-uniform distribution, the probability associated with the corresponding amplitude generally increases as the amplitude decreases. For example, the non-uniform distribution of the amplitude of the symbols can be approximated as a Gaussian distribution. In some implementations, the first encoding operation is or includes an arithmetic encoding operation, a first code encoding operation, or other encoding operations that add redundancy to the input information bits by expanding the number of information bits. As described above, in a particular implementation, redundancy is added so that the probability associated with encoding input data bits as symbols with lower amplitude is greater than that associated with encoding input data bits as symbols with higher amplitude Probability of union. In some implementations, the first encoding operation is followed by a second encoding operation, for example, an LDPC encoding operation. The LCPD encoding operation also adds redundancy but does not change the information bits themselves.

The specific implementation of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some implementations, the described technique can be used to narrow the gap between the channel capacity actually achievable by the sending device and the theoretical Shannon world, for example, by encoding the amplitude so that the resulting amplitude distribution is approximately Gaussian. distributed. Some implementations also implement tracking of the MPDU boundary to facilitate successful decoding by the receiving device. Additionally or alternatively, some implementations implement the determination of the packet length after performing amplitude shaping, which enables the sending device to determine the number of padding bits to be added to the payload and signal the packet length to the receiving device so that the receiving device The device can determine the duration of the packet.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart illustrating an example process 600 for wireless communication to support amplitude shaping, according to some implementations. The operations of the process 600 may be implemented by the sending device or its components as described herein. For example, the process 600 may be performed by a wireless communication device (such as the wireless communication device 400 described with reference to FIG. 4). In some implementations, the process 600 may be performed by a wireless communication device operating as an AP (such as one of AP 102 and AP 502 described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 5A, respectively) or within an AP. In some other implementations, the process 600 may be performed by a wireless communication device operating as an STA (such as one of the STA 104 and the STA 504 described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 5B, respectively) or operating within the STA.

In block 602, the wireless communication device performs a first encoding operation on a plurality of amplitude bits, and the first encoding operation generates a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits indicating the amplitude of the plurality of symbols. In some implementations, the first encoding operation encodes a plurality of amplitude bits to generate a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits, so that the amplitudes have a non-uniform distribution. In block 604, the wireless communication device performs a second encoding operation on the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits, and the second encoding operation is based at least in part on the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits to generate a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits and a complex number. The same bit of code character. In block 606, the wireless communication device arranges the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits and the plurality of parity bits into a plurality of symbols, and the corresponding amplitude of each symbol in the symbol is based at least in part on the corresponding order in the symbol. The amplitude-shaped bit. In block 608, the wireless communication device transmits a plurality of symbols on a plurality of sub-carriers to at least one receiving device in the form of a wireless packet.

In some implementations, the first encoding operation in block 602 (also referred to herein as an "amplitude shaping encoding operation" or simply an "amplitude shaping operation") is performed to encode a plurality of amplitude bits to generate A plurality of amplitude-shaped bits such that the non-uniform distribution of the amplitude of the symbol is a distribution in which the probability associated with the corresponding amplitude generally increases as the amplitude decreases. For example, the non-uniform distribution can be approximated as a Gaussian distribution centered on the center point (0,0) of the modulation cluster. As described above, this type of amplitude shaping can be used to increase SNR and channel capacity, thereby achieving greater throughput.

In some implementations, before performing the first encoding operation in block 602, the MAC layer of the wireless communication device generates an A-MPDU including a plurality of MPDUs. Each MPDU includes a plurality of data bits, which include a plurality of information bits (also called "payload bits") and a plurality of control bits or a plurality of signal transmission bits (for example, MAC Signal transmission bit). In block 602, a first encoding operation may be performed on all data bits or a subset of data bits in the MPDU. For example, the information bits in each MPDU may be or may include a plurality of bits (amplitude bits) to be used to determine the amplitude of the symbol. In some implementations, in block 602, only the first encoding operation may be performed on amplitude bits. In addition, in some implementations, in order to reduce complexity or due to the effective resulting encoding rate, in block 602, for example, it may be sufficient to perform the first encoding operation on only the most significant bit (MSB) of the amplitude bit. It is advantageous (for example, if four bits are generally used to encode the amplitude component of a symbol, the number of MSBs can be three for each symbol). In this implementation, the first encoding operation is not performed on the remaining least significant bit (LSB) of the amplitude bit.

Based on the MCS selected for transmission, the PHY layer may pack the data bits in the MPDU (before or after the first encoding operation is performed in block 602) into a code block to be transmitted using M symbols. Each of the M symbols finally includes a set of n amplitude bits indicating at least one amplitude of the symbol. In some implementations , the first n /2 bits in the set of n amplitude bits for each symbol can indicate the first amplitude component of the symbol's amplitude along the real axis of the modulation cluster, and for The last n /2 bits in the set of n amplitude bits of each of the M symbols may indicate the second amplitude component of the amplitude of the symbol along the imaginary axis of the modulation cluster. As such, for the first (real) amplitude component of each symbol, there may be 2 ^{n /2} possible first amplitude levels, and for the second (imaginary) amplitude component of each symbol, there may be 2 ^{n / 2} possible second amplitude levels.

Each of the M symbols may also include a sign bit indicating the sign of the corresponding amplitude for each amplitude component. For example, when QAM is used, the first sign bit in a pair of sign bits for each QAM symbol can indicate whether the corresponding first amplitude component (in-phase ( i ) component) along the real axis is positive or negative , And the second sign bit in the pair of sign bits can indicate whether the corresponding second amplitude component (quadrature ( q ) component) along the imaginary axis is positive or negative. As such, the first and second amplitude components are combined to provide the overall amplitude of the corresponding QAM symbol, and the first and second sign bits are combined to indicate the quadrant of the modulation cluster in which the overall amplitude is located. For example, when using 1024-QAM, each symbol can include ten coded bits, where the first four bits in the bits indicate the first (real) amplitude, and the other four bits in the bits indicate For the second (imaginary) amplitude, the other bit in the bit indicates the sign of the first amplitude (positive or negative), and the other bit in the bit indicates the sign of the second amplitude (positive or negative).

7A and 7B illustrate schematic diagrams of a stream 700 that supports amplitude shaping according to some implementations. For example, the flow 700 may show various aspects of the process 600. In the example shown, the information block 702 is provided to the pre-shaping parser 704 to obtain the plurality of amplitude bits on which the shaping encoder 710 will perform the first encoding operation in the block 602. For example, the pre-shaping parser 704 can separate or divide the amplitude bit 706 and the sign bit 708 in the information block 702. In some implementations, the parser also separates or divides the amplitude bits into MSB 706a and LSB 706b. In some implementations, the plurality of amplitude bits provided to the shaping encoder 710 includes only the MSB 706a of the amplitude bit 706. In some other implementations, the plurality of amplitude bits may include all amplitude bits 706. In the example shown, in block 602, the shaping encoder 710 performs a first encoding operation on the MSB 706a to generate amplitude-shaped bits 712.

In some implementations, to perform the first encoding operation in block 602, and in particular, to obtain a set of n (8 in the 1024-QAM example) amplitude bits indicating the first and second amplitude components , The pre-shaping parser 704 (or the shaping encoder 710 itself) can also parse a plurality of amplitude bits (for example, MSB 706a) into a first amplitude bit stream (which, when being encoded, defines the first amplitude bit stream for the symbol An amplitude component) and a second amplitude bit stream (which will define the second amplitude component for the symbol when it is encoded). For example, in some implementations, the QAM stream is implemented via two independent pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) streams. In some such implementations, the shaping encoder 710 may perform the first encoding operation on the first amplitude bit stream to provide the first PAM symbol stream, and at the same time independently perform the second amplitude bit stream on the second amplitude bit stream. An encoding operation to provide a second PAM symbol stream (which can finally be combined with the first PAM symbol stream to obtain a QAM symbol stream).

In some implementations, the execution of the first encoding operation in block 602 adds redundancy to a plurality of amplitude bits (MSB 706a in the example of FIGS. 7A and 7B) to generate amplitude-shaped bits 712, so that The amplitude shaping bit 712 includes more bits than the plurality of amplitude bits input to the shaping encoder 710. By adding redundancy, the shaping encoder 710 can encode the MSB 706a to generate the amplitude-shaped bits 712, so that the amplitude of the associated symbol has a non-uniform distribution, and in particular, in which the corresponding amplitude is associated A distribution whose probability usually increases with decreasing amplitude, such as a Gaussian distribution.

In some implementations, the first encoding operation performed in block 602 is or includes an arithmetic encoding operation. In some such implementations, the execution of the arithmetic coding operation in block 602 includes: defining the first distribution of M first (real) amplitudes as 2 ^{b /2} bins, each of which is associated with 2 ^{b A corresponding one of the /2} possible amplitude levels is associated and has an associated size (for example, the size is equal to the number of instances of the amplitude of the corresponding amplitude level in the frequency band). Similarly, the execution of the arithmetic coding operation also includes: defining the second distribution of M second (imaginary) amplitudes as 2 ^{b /2} frequency bands, and each frequency band corresponds to 2 ^{b /2} possible amplitude levels One amplitude level of is associated and has an associated magnitude (for example, the magnitude is equal to the number of instances of the amplitude of the corresponding amplitude level in the frequency band). In this implementation, if the plurality of amplitude bits provided to the shaping encoder 706 includes all the amplitude bits in the code block, then b is equal to n . However, if the plurality of amplitude bits includes fewer bits than all data bits in the code block, for example, only MSB 706a including amplitude bit 706, then b can be equal to n bits for each symbol The number of MSBs of the element (for example, for 1024-QAM, when n is equal to eight, b can be equal to six, so that three of the four amplitude bits used for the real amplitude component are selected for the first encoding Operation, and causing three of the four amplitude bits for the imaginary amplitude component to be selected for the first encoding operation).

In some implementations, in order to achieve a non-uniform distribution of amplitude, the size of the frequency band in the first distribution is initially not uniform, and the size of the frequency band in the second distribution is initially not uniform. In order to achieve a non-uniform distribution in which the probability associated with the corresponding amplitude generally increases as the amplitude decreases, the size of at least the lowest frequency band among the frequency bands in each of the first and second distributions is configured It is larger than the size of at least the highest frequency band among the frequency bands in the corresponding one of the first and second distributions. However, as will be described below, during the arithmetic coding operation performed in block 602, since the amplitude is selected from the frequency band, the size of the frequency band can be dynamically changed.

8A to 8D illustrate example distributions 800 of amplitude values that support amplitude shaping according to some implementations. For example, the distribution 800 may be an example of each of the first distribution for the amplitude of the real axis and the second distribution for the amplitude of the imaginary axis used when the arithmetic coding operation is performed in the block 602. In FIGS. 8A to 8D, the distribution 800 includes M amplitude instances arranged in four frequency bands 802, 804, 806, and 808. In other words, the lowest frequency band 802 includes several selectable amplitudes all having the first and lowest amplitude levels, the second lowest frequency band 804 includes several selectable amplitudes all having the second amplitude level, and the second highest frequency band 806 includes all the selectable amplitudes having the second amplitude level. A number of selectable amplitudes of the third amplitude level, and the highest frequency band 808 includes a number of selectable amplitudes all having the fourth and highest amplitude level.

As described above, the probability associated with the corresponding amplitude value generally decreases as the amplitude increases. To achieve this, at least the size of the lowest frequency band 802 is larger than at least the size of the highest frequency band 808. In the example shown, the probability associated with each of the amplitude levels is different because the associated frequency bands 802, 804, 806, and 808 have different sizes. In fact, in the illustrated example, the second lowest frequency band 804 is smaller than the lowest frequency band 802, the second highest frequency band 806 is smaller than the second lowest frequency band 804, and the highest frequency band 808 is smaller than the second highest frequency band 806. For further explanation, if 100 symbols are to be encoded by the first encoding operation in block 602 (that is, M is equal to 100), the first frequency band may have, for example, 50 amplitude instances with the first amplitude level, and the second The frequency band may have, for example, 25 amplitude instances of the second amplitude level, the third frequency band may have, for example, 15 amplitude instances of the third amplitude level, and the fourth frequency band may have, for example, 10 amplitude instances of the fourth amplitude level. Since the size of each frequency band in the frequency band is defined by the number of corresponding amplitude instances of the corresponding amplitude level that can be selected from the frequency band, the probability associated with the corresponding amplitude level increases with the amplitude And reduce.

Referring back to the process 600 and the flow 700 described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 respectively, the execution of the arithmetic coding operation in block 602 includes: for each of the M symbols, from one of the frequency bands in the first distribution Select the first (real) amplitude for the first amplitude component in, and select the second (imaginary) amplitude for the second amplitude component from one of the frequency bands in the second distribution. For example, during the arithmetic coding operation in block 602, the shaping encoder 710 may select the distribution from the first distribution (and therefore for the real amplitude component) based on the value of the first bit of the first amplitude bit stream. Upper part or lower part. Similarly, the shaping encoder 710 may select the upper half or the lower half of the distribution from the second distribution (and therefore for the imaginary amplitude component) based on the value of the first bit of the second amplitude bit stream. For example, moving to FIG. 8B, if the first bit of the amplitude bit 706 (for example, MSB 706a) has the value "1", the shaping encoder 710 can select the upper half UH of the distribution 800, and if the first bit With the value "0", the shaping encoder 710 can select the lower half LH . In the example illustrated in FIG. 8B, the first bit has a value of 1, and therefore, the shaping encoder 710 selects the upper half UH . In this way, each input data bit of a given one of the first amplitude bit stream and the second amplitude bit stream defines a binary selection. In other words, the amplitude distribution associated with the corresponding amplitude component shrinks by a factor of 2 with each additional input data bit per symbol provided by the corresponding amplitude bit stream.

In response to selecting the upper half UH or lower half LH of the corresponding distribution, the arithmetic coding operation performed in block 602 may also include: determining whether the selected half of the distribution is within a single frequency band of the corresponding distribution frequency bands . In response to determining that the selected half is within a single one of the frequency bands, the shaping encoder 710 may output a bit set indicating the amplitude level for the corresponding real amplitude component or imaginary amplitude component. For example, the shaping encoder 710 may output b /2 amplitude-shaped bits 712 for the corresponding PAM symbol to indicate the corresponding amplitude level associated with a single frequency band (wherein again, if the first encoding operation is for all data Bit execution, then b is equal to n , and in other cases, b can be equal to the number of MSBs). In this case, only one input data bit can be encoded for the corresponding PAM symbol.

However, in response to determining that the selected half is not in a single frequency band in the frequency band, the shaping encoder 710 determines the value of the next bit of the corresponding amplitude bit stream to be encoded. Because for each symbol, only one amplitude can be selected from each of the first distribution and the second distribution, the shaping encoder 710 may need to determine the corresponding amplitude bit to be encoded before performing amplitude selection from the corresponding distribution. The value of at least one subsequent bit of the meta stream. For example, as shown in FIG. 8B, although the number of possible amplitudes is reduced to those in the upper half UH of the distribution 800 based on the value of the first bit, it is still possible to select from the frequency bands 804, 806, and 808. Select the amplitude in any frequency band. Only the lowest frequency band 802 is excluded from the possible amplitudes that can be selected because it lies completely within the lower half of the distribution 800, LH . As such, the shaping encoder 710 needs more information (at least one next data bit in the corresponding stream) in order to select the amplitude and thereby encode the corresponding input data bit.

For example, in response to determining that the selected half is not in a single frequency band in the frequency band, the shaping encoder 710 may then select the upper quarter UQ based on the value of the second bit of the corresponding amplitude bit stream (selected The upper half of the half) or the lower quarter LQ (the lower half of the selected half). In response to selecting the upper quarter UQ or the lower half LQ of the corresponding distribution, the arithmetic coding operation performed in block 602 may also include: determining whether the selected quarter of the distribution is in the frequency band of the corresponding distribution In a single frequency band. In response to deciding that the selected quarter is within a single one of the frequency bands, the shaping encoder 710 may output a bit set indicating the amplitude level for the corresponding real component or imaginary component. For example, the shaping encoder 710 may output b /2 amplitude-shaped bits 712 for the corresponding PAM symbol to indicate the corresponding amplitude level associated with a single frequency band. In this case, two input data bits will be encoded for the corresponding PAM symbol.

On the other hand, in response to determining that the selected quarter is not in a single frequency band in the frequency band, the shaping encoder 710 determines the lower part of the corresponding amplitude bit stream to be encoded before performing amplitude selection from the corresponding distribution. The value of one bit. For example, as shown in FIG. 8C, although the number of possible amplitudes is reduced to those in the lower quarter LQ of the distribution 800 based on the value of the second bit, the frequency bands 804 and 806 are still available. Choose the amplitude from any one of. Only the lowest frequency band 802 and the highest frequency band 808 are excluded from the possible amplitudes that can be selected. As such, the shaping encoder 710 needs more information (at least one next data bit in the corresponding stream) in order to select the amplitude and thereby encode the corresponding input data bit.

For example, in response to determining that the selected quarter is not in a single frequency band in the frequency band, the shaping encoder 710 may then select the upper one-eighth UE based on the value of the third bit of the corresponding amplitude bit stream (The upper half of the selected quarter) or the lower eighth LE (the lower half of the selected quarter). In response to selecting the upper eighth UE or the lower eighth LE of the corresponding distribution, the arithmetic coding operation performed in block 602 may also include: determining whether the selected eighth of the distribution is in the corresponding distribution Within a single frequency band of the frequency band. In response to determining that the selected one-eighth is within a single one of the frequency bands, the shaping encoder 710 may output a bit set indicating the amplitude level for the corresponding real or imaginary component. For example, the shaping encoder 710 may output b /2 amplitude-shaped bits 712 for the corresponding PAM symbol to indicate the corresponding amplitude level associated with a single frequency band. For example, as shown in FIG. 8D, the number of possible amplitudes is reduced to those in the lower eighth LE of the distribution 800 based on the value of the third bit. Because the lower eighth LE is only located within a single frequency band 804, the shaping encoder 710 selects the amplitude from the frequency band 804. In this case, the three input data bits are encoded for the corresponding PAM symbol. As long as additional bits are needed to select one of the bands to converge to a single amplitude, the process can continue.

In some implementations, in order to ensure that each amplitude in the corresponding distribution is selected once and only once, when the amplitude is encoded, the shaping encoder 710 removes the corresponding amplitude from the corresponding frequency band. In this way, the size of the corresponding frequency band is reduced (in other words, the shaping encoder 710 implements rendering without replacement). In this way, after the amplitude has been selected from the frequency bands, the relative probability of selecting the amplitude from each of the frequency bands changes. In some such implementations, all M amplitudes can be generated once and only once, because the size of each band in the band is zero when the arithmetic coding operation in block 602 ends (because all bands have been Cleared by selection). In this way, the arithmetic coding operation in block 602 can always produce a fixed number of amplitude-shaped bits 712 and a fixed number of M output symbols.

As described above, the number of amplitude bits actually required for encoding the required amplitude of the M M symbols may vary based on the specific value of the amplitude bits. For example, in some cases, based on the value of the amplitude bit, it may be possible that there are no more bits in the remaining plurality of amplitude bits in the code block, but in one or more of the frequency bands There are still remaining examples of amplitude. In some such implementations, the shaping encoder 710 may add zero padding bits to the input information block or code block 702 to obtain enough bits for encoding, so as to obtain M in the first encoding operation of block 602 symbol.

In some other implementations, at the beginning of the arithmetic coding operation in block 602, the aggregate size of all frequency bands within each distribution may be greater than M. In this way, the efficiency of the arithmetic coding operation can be improved because there can be more possible amplitudes that can be selected, and more bits can be encoded for the same number of amplitudes.

In some implementations, performing the arithmetic coding operation in block 602 also includes: measuring or monitoring the aggregate power of the resulting symbols during the arithmetic coding operation, and dynamically adjusting the values in the first distribution and the second distribution based on the aggregate power. The size of one or more of the frequency bands in one or both (and therefore modify the relative probability associated with the amplitude level). For example, the power metric for aggregate power can be obtained by tracking the selected amplitude or the sum of squares of the selected amplitude. For example, if the shaping encoder 710 receives an instruction or determines in other ways that the aggregate power is higher than the first threshold, the shaping encoder 710 can reduce the size of one or more of the highest amplitude level frequency bands . This will reduce the number of high-amplitude level symbols and therefore reduce the aggregate power. On the other hand, if the shaping encoder 710 determines that the aggregate power is lower than the second threshold (which may be the same or different from the first threshold), the shaping encoder 710 can increase one or more of the high amplitude level frequency bands The size of the high amplitude level frequency band. This will increase the number of high-amplitude level symbols, and therefore, more bits can be encoded into larger-amplitude symbols, which can increase the efficiency of arithmetic coding operations.

In some other implementations, the first encoding operation performed in block 602 is or includes a first code encoding operation. In some such implementations, the execution of the first code encoding operation in block 602 includes: for each of the M symbols, and for each of the first (real) and second (imaginary) amplitude components The amplitude component compares ^{one or more patterns in a set of 2 b /2} bit value patterns of various lengths with bits in a plurality of amplitude bits input to the shaping encoder 710. Again, in this implementation, if the plurality of amplitude bits provided to the shaping encoder 706 includes all the data bits in the code block, then b is equal to n . However, if the plurality of amplitude bits includes fewer bits than all data bits in the code block, for example, only MSB 706a including amplitude bit 706, then b can be equal to n bits for each symbol The number of MSBs of the yuan. Each mode in the mode set can be associated with ^{a corresponding amplitude bit in 2 b /2} possible first (real) amplitude ^{levels or 2 b /2} possible second (imaginary) amplitude levels Quasi-associated. In this way, each of the amplitude levels is associated with a corresponding probability of occurrence associated with the probability quality function. In some implementations, the set of patterns and the associated probabilistic quality function are based on the Huffman algorithm. In some implementations, the probability quality function is dyadic, that is, all probabilities in the probability quality function are negative powers of 2.

For example, the shaping encoder 710 may input a plurality of amplitude bits (for example, MSB 706a) into a lookup table (LUT) including a set of patterns that implement a probability quality function. In some such implementations, the shaping encoder 710 includes a first LUT for determining a first (real) amplitude component for the first PAM symbol stream based on the first amplitude bit stream, and a first LUT for determining the first (real) amplitude component for the first PAM symbol stream based on The second amplitude bit stream determines the second LUT used for the second (imaginary) component of the second PAM symbol stream. In some implementations, the first and second LUTs may be the same initially; however, as described below, as the first code encoding operation proceeds in block 602, the first and second LUTs may each independently, Dynamically adjust or switch to achieve a more ideal LUT.

Figure 9 illustrates an example LUT 900 that supports amplitude shaping according to some implementations. In the example shown, the LUT 900 includes eight rows 902a to 902h, each row indicating a bit value pattern corresponding to a corresponding one of the eight amplitude levels associated with the probability quality function. For example, the first row 902a associated with the first (lowest) amplitude level includes the first pattern of bit value 00 associated with a probability of occurrence of 1/4, and the second row associated with the second amplitude level 902b includes the second pattern of bit value 01 associated with the probability of occurrence of 1/4, and the third row 902c associated with the third amplitude level includes the bit value of 111 associated with the probability of occurrence of 1/8. In the third pattern, the fourth row 902d associated with the fourth amplitude includes the fourth pattern with a bit value of 100 associated with the probability of occurrence of 1/8, and the fifth row 902e associated with the fifth amplitude includes the fourth pattern with 1/8 The fifth pattern of bit value 101 associated with the probability of occurrence of, the sixth row 902f associated with the sixth amplitude level includes the sixth pattern of bit value 1101 associated with the probability of occurrence of 1/16, and the sixth pattern The seventh row 902g associated with the seven amplitude level includes the seventh pattern with a bit value of 11000 associated with the occurrence probability of 1/32, and the eighth row 902h associated with the eighth (highest) amplitude level includes the An eighth pattern with a bit value of 11001 associated with a probability of occurrence of 1/32.

在方程式（2）中，

是與相應的數量k 個輸入資料位元相關聯的概率。例如，基於與LUT 900相關聯的概率品質函數，每PAM符號輸出的經振幅整形位元712的數量將為2.6875個位元；亦即，由於振幅整形，對八個不同的振幅位準進行編碼的有效編碼速率將從通常要求的3降低到2.6875。In some implementations, the execution of the first code encoding operation in block 602 also includes: identifying a match between a bit (for example, MSB 706a) of a plurality of amplitude bits and one of the patterns. For example, the shaping encoder 710 may compare consecutive bits in the plurality of amplitude bits with the pattern in the LUT 900. Generally, with each additional data bit input to the LUT 900 and matched, the number of possible matching patterns decreases until only one pattern remains, which is then selected by the shaping encoder 710. In other words, in block 602, the shaping encoder 710 may compare the number of subsequent consecutive input bits in the corresponding amplitude bit stream with one, some or all of the corresponding modes in the LUT 900 . For example, the shaping encoder 710 may compare the first two bits with one or two of the patterns in rows 902a and 902b, and compare the first three bits with the patterns in rows 902c, 902d, and 902e. Compare one, two, or all patterns, compare the first four bits with the pattern in row 902f, or compare the first five bits with one or two of the patterns in rows 902g and 902h . In response to finding a match, the shaping encoder 710 may output a set of b/2 amplitude-shaped bits 712 for the corresponding PAM symbol, the set of b /2 amplitude-shaped bits indicating that the corresponding pattern is associated The amplitude level. In some implementations, the shaped encoder 710 can generally output an average number of amplitude-shaped bits 712 per PAM symbol, as defined in equation (2) below.

In equation (2),

Is the probability associated with the corresponding number of k input data bits. For example, based on the probability quality function associated with LUT 900, the number of amplitude-shaped bits 712 output per PAM symbol will be 2.6875 bits; that is, due to amplitude shaping, eight different amplitude levels are encoded The effective coding rate will be reduced from the normally required 3 to 2.6875.

In some implementations, unlike general arithmetic coding operations, the execution of the first code coding operation can be parallelized. Such parallelization can enable the use of lower clock rates or high data rates among other advantages. For example, in some implementations, the pre-shaping parser 704 or the shaping encoder 710 itself can separate or divide a plurality of amplitude bits into separate amplitude bit streams (for example, in a cyclic manner), and perform the analysis of the amplitude in parallel. Each amplitude bit stream in the bit stream performs an independent preamble encoding operation. In some such implementations, continuing the above example, the pre-shaping parser 704 can also divide the first amplitude bit stream used for the first PAM symbol stream into m parallel data streams. Similarly, the pre-shaping parser 704 can also divide the second amplitude bit stream used for the second PAM symbol stream into m parallel data streams. The shaping encoder 710 may include 2 m preamble encoders to encode 2 m streams in parallel. However, depending on the value of the specific amplitude bit, each preamble encoder may have 0 to K -1 remaining bits from its corresponding stream (where K is the maximum mode in the corresponding LUT). Yuan is the size of the unit). In some implementations, in order to encode the remaining bits, the shaping encoder 710 identifies the remaining bits from each of the m first code encoding operations for each amplitude component, and converts the remaining bits Connect, and add padding bits (if necessary to fully encode the symbol) to the remaining bits of the connection, so that each amplitude bit from the first amplitude bit stream and the second amplitude bit stream All remaining bits of the stream are encoded into corresponding PAM symbols.

As described above, after performing a first encoding operation on a plurality of amplitude bits (for example, MSB 706a) in block 602 to generate amplitude-shaped bits 712, the amplitude-shaped bits 712 may be subsequently performed in block 604 Perform the second encoding operation. For example, the second encoder 716 may receive a code block including amplitude-shaped bits 712, and perform the second encoding operation in block 604 on the code block to generate an encoded word including a second plurality of encoded data bits 720 Yuan 718. In the example shown, the second encoder 716 performs the second encoding operation in block 604 on the amplitude-shaped bit 712 (based on the MSB 706a) and on the LSB 706b and the sign bit 708. In addition, in the implementation in which the shaping encoder generates signal transfer bits 714, such signal transfer bits may also be input to the second encoder 716 and be encoded in the second encoding operation in block 604.

In some implementations, the second encoder 716 is a system encoder that performs a systematic encoding operation in block 604, so that the bits output from the second encoder 716 match those input to the second encoder . For example, in some such implementations, the second encoding operation performed is or includes a low-density parity (LDPC) encoding operation (and as such, the second encoder 716 may be referred to as "LDPC encoder 716" hereinafter) . As such, the resulting second plurality of encoded data bits 720 may include amplitude-shaped bits 712, LSB 706b, sign bits 708, and signal transfer bits 714.

The LDPC encoding operation in block 604 is performed, for example, by generating a plurality of parity bits 722 based on the amplitude-shaped bits 712, LSB 706b, sign bits 708, and signal transfer bits 714 to add redundancy to the data. For example, for the purpose of forward error correction, the parity bit 722 adds redundancy to the data without changing the data. As such, for each code block input to the LDPC encoder 716, the resulting coded character 718 includes a systematic part and a parity part. The systematic part includes the amplitude-shaped bit 712, the LSB 706b, the sign bit 708, and the signal The transfer bits 714 (collectively referred to as the second plurality of encoded data bits 720), the parity part includes parity bits 722.

After performing the second encoding operation in block 604 to generate the encoded character 718, in block 606, the wireless communication device sorts the bits in the second plurality of encoded data bits 720 and the plurality of parity bits 722 (Or "arranged") into M (eg, QAM) symbols 726 such that each symbol includes a set of n bits that indicate the amplitude in the modulation cluster. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 7B, the sorting (or "re-sequencing") module 724 can receive the coded character 718, and convert the data from the amplitude-shaped bit 712, LSB 706b, sign bit 708, and parity bit. The bits of the bit 722 are arranged into M symbols 726. In some such implementations, the ordering module 724 receives amplitude-shaped bits 712, LSB 706b, sign bits 708, and parity bits 722 associated with both the first and second PAM symbol streams, and Reorder it into a single stream of QAM symbols. In a 1024-QAM example where each symbol 726 includes ten bits (including n = 8 amplitude bits, where b = 6 are MSBs), for each of the symbols 726, the ordering module 724 can obtain the set of three amplitude bits from the amplitude-shaped bits 712 encoded according to the first amplitude bit stream from the encoded character 718 and from the LSB 706b associated with the first amplitude bit stream. In order to obtain the first (real) amplitude component. Similarly, for each of the symbols 726, the sorting module 724 can obtain the set of three amplitude bits from the amplitude-shaped bits 712 encoded according to the second amplitude bit stream from the encoded characters 718 And an amplitude bit from LSB 706b associated with the second amplitude bit stream to obtain a second (imaginary) amplitude component.

As described above, each symbol 726 of the symbols 726 may also include a pair of sign bits indicating one of the four quadrants in the modulation cluster in which the amplitude is located. In some implementations, the sorting module 724 may try to obtain all the sign bits required by the symbol 726 from the parity bit 722. As described above, since the sign bit does not affect power, it may generally be satisfactory to perform the amplitude shaping operation only on the amplitude bit 706 (and in some implementations, only on the MSB 706a). For example, based on the selected MCS, the shaping encoder 710 knows how many parity bits will be generated by the LDPC encoder 716 on a code block basis. As such, the shaping encoder 710 will know whether some data bits will need to be used for the sign bits before the first encoding operation. For example, depending on the LDPC encoding rate and QAM cluster size, it may be possible to use all parity bits 722 and some unshaped data bits (for example, sign bit 708) as the sign in symbol 726. No. bit. This may be desirable because it means that the amplitude of all symbols in the M symbols 726 can be shaped. If the dedicated sign bit 708 is necessary, it can be parsed from the rest of the code block before the first encoding operation and passed directly to the LDPC encoder 716, as described above. Or, it may be possible that some parity bits 722 must be used as amplitude bits for the symbol 726 because the number of parity bits 722 is greater than the number of sign bits required for the symbol 726. In such an instance, the shaping encoder 710 may not be able to perform the first encoding operation on all amplitude components used for all of the symbols 726 in block 602, and therefore cannot perform amplitude shaping. As such, the achievable SNR gain may be reduced.

In block 608, the wireless communication device transmits M symbols 726 to the receiving device on a plurality of sub-carriers in the form of a wireless packet. In some implementations, in order to transmit each of the symbols 726 in block 610, the cluster mapper (e.g., QAM mapper) 728 maps each of the symbols 726 to the modulation cluster (e.g., QAM) To obtain a complex representation 730 of the amplitude and phase of the indicator 726, for example. In some implementations, the cluster mapper 728 includes a plurality of cluster mappers, and each cluster mapper is used for each of the plurality of streams of symbols 726.

In some implementations, the sorting module 724 may also include a spatial stream parser that parses the symbol 726 into a plurality of spatial streams. In some such implementations, the spatial stream parser separately analyzes the amplitude-shaped bit 712, LSB 706b, sign bit 708, and parity bit 722 for each spatial stream in the spatial stream to ensure The bits are correctly arranged in the symbols in the different spatial streams. In some implementations, the sorting module 724 additionally includes a plurality of bandwidth segment parsers, which parse the symbols 726 from the spatial stream into different bandwidth segments (for example, 160 MHz or 320 MHz accompanying channels of different 80 MHz sub-channel). After spatial stream analysis and bandwidth segment analysis (if executed), each of the different streams of the resolved symbols 726 can be provided to a corresponding one of the cluster mappers, the cluster The mapper maps the symbols to points in the modulation cluster to obtain the corresponding stream of the complex representation 730.

The modulator 732 can then modulate the sub-carriers of the bandwidth segment of the wireless channel based on the amplitude and phase indicated by the complex representation 730 to generate modulated symbols 734, which are then transmitted through the coupled transmit chain And the antenna is sent to the receiving device. For example, continuing the example provided above, after the cluster mapping, the stream of the complex number representation 730 can be provided to the corresponding tone mapper of the modulator 732, and the tone mappers map the complex number representation to the corresponding wireless channel. Sub-carrier (or "tone"). In some implementations, the modulator 732 also includes a bandwidth segment de-parser that resolves the streams of different bandwidth segments into a plurality of spatial streams of symbols. The spatial stream can then be provided to a spatial multiplexer that performs spatial mapping on the symbols. The spatially mapped stream can then be provided to a transform block that performs, for example, an inverse discrete Fourier transform on the symbols in the corresponding stream. The resulting symbols can then be provided to the analog and RF blocks for transmission. In some implementations, in order to ensure a uniform average transmission power, the analog and RF block may be based on the amount of amplitude shaping performed in the first encoding operation to perform the modulation on the modulated symbols 734 in block 608 before transmitting on the wireless channel. Apply power scaling factor.

In some implementations, the wireless communication device may generate a wireless packet in the form of a PPDU that includes a PHY layer preamble signal followed by a PSDU payload containing modulated symbols 734. Wireless communication devices can use one or more wireless communication protocols that comply with the IEEE 802.11 series of wireless communication protocol standards (such as those defined by the IEEE 802.11-2016 specification or its amendments, including but not limited to 802.11ax and 802.11be) Standard any suitable technology (including SU-MIMO, MU-MIMO, and OFDMA technology) to send (or output for transmission (hereinafter used interchangeably with "send")) wireless packets to the receiving device. In some implementations, the wireless channel may be a 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 320 MHz channel that includes one or more continuous or discontinuous portions.

In some implementations, in block 608, the wireless communication device may also send an instruction of the first encoding operation to the receiving device in the same wireless packet including the modulated symbol 734. For example, the wireless communication device can be in the preamble signal of the wireless packet (such as in the signal transmission field (for example, in the EHT-SIG field such as the EHT-SIG-A field or the EHT-SIG-C field) ) Send the instruction. In some such implementations, the wireless communication device may send the MCS field (which may be in the EHT-SIG-A field) in the preamble signal of the packet, and the MCS field indicates that the second encoding is performed in block 604 The encoding rate used during the operation (for example, LDPC encoding rate), the modulation (for example, QAM) cluster size, and one or more indications of the first encoding operation. In some other implementations, one or more instructions for the first encoding operation may be in a second signal transmission field separate from the MCS field (for example, in EHT-SIG-A or EHT-SIG-C In another sub-field of ). In some implementations, the MCS field or the second signal delivery field also includes an indication of the power scaling factor applied to the modulated symbol in block 608. In some implementations, the MCS field or the second signal transmission field may also indicate the size of the code block input to the shaping encoder 710 for which the first encoding operation is performed in block 602 (or the size of the code block used for a set of codes). Block size and number of code blocks). In some other implementations, one or both of the power scaling factor and the code block size can be implicitly signaled.

In order to indicate the first encoding operation, the MCS field or the second signal transmission field may include: a first bit, which indicates whether to perform the first encoding operation; and one or more second bits, which indicate the same as the first encoding One or more amplitude shaping parameters associated with the operation that define a non-uniform distribution of amplitudes. In other words, the amplitude shaping parameter may define the amount of shaping or the rate of probability shaping associated with the amplitude. For example, the amplitude shaping parameter may include an indication of the probability quality function associated with the first encoding operation for each MCS. In some specific examples, the amplitude shaping parameter may include information related to the size and amplitude level associated with the frequency band used in the arithmetic coding operation, or information related to the LUT used in the first code encoding operation. As described above, the MCS field or the second signal transmission field may also include signal transmission bits.

FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart illustrating an example process 1000 for wireless communication to support amplitude shaping according to some implementations. The operations of the process 1000 may be implemented by the receiving device or its components as described herein. For example, the process 1000 may be performed by a wireless communication device (such as the wireless communication device 400 described with reference to FIG. 4). In some implementations, the process 1000 may be performed by a wireless communication device operating as or within an AP (such as one of APs 102 and 502 described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 5A, respectively). In some other implementations, the process 1000 may be performed by a wireless communication device operating as an STA (such as one of the STAs 104 and 504 described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 5B, respectively) or operating within the STA.

In block 1002, the wireless communication device receives a wireless packet including a plurality of modulated symbols on a plurality of sub-carriers. Each received symbol includes a set of amplitude bits indicating the amplitude of the symbol. In some implementations, the amplitude of the demodulated symbol has a non-uniform distribution. Each received symbol also includes at least one sign bit, which indicates the quadrant in the modulation cluster in which the corresponding amplitude is located. In block 1004, the wireless communication device reorders the set of amplitude bits and sign bits for all symbols into at least a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits and a plurality of parity bits. In block 1006, the wireless communication device performs a first decoding operation on at least a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits based on a plurality of parity bits to generate a first plurality of decoded data bits. In block 1008, the wireless communication device performs a second decoding operation on the first plurality of decoded data bits, and the second decoding operation generates a plurality of de-shaped amplitude bits.

11A and 11B illustrate schematic diagrams of a stream 1100 that supports amplitude shaping according to some implementations. For example, the flow 1100 may show various aspects of the process 1000. The process 1000 and the flow 1100 are further provided below with respect to the process 600 and the flow 700 described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9. For example, in some implementations, the wireless communication device receives a wireless packet 1102 in block 1002 that includes a plurality of modulated symbols 734 sent from the sending wireless communication device in block 608 of process 600.

In some implementations, the demodulator 1104 can receive the modulated symbol 734 via the coupled antenna and the receiving chain, and demodulate the sub-carrier based on the amplitude and phase detected in block 1002 to generate a complex number Represents the demodulated symbol in the form of 1106, and the complex number representation 1106 indicates the amplitude and phase of the symbol, which is the same as the complex representation 730 under ideal conditions. For example, the demodulator 1104 may include an analog and RF block that receives data on a plurality of tones in one or more bandwidth bands on a plurality of spatial streams via one or more coupled antennas. Wireless packet 1102 and modulated symbols. The received symbols can then be provided to a transform block of the demodulator 1104, which performs, for example, a discrete Fourier transform on the symbols in the stream. In some implementations, the demodulator 732 also includes a bandwidth segment parser that analyzes streams of different bandwidth segments. The tone reverse mapper of the demodulator 732 can then reverse map the tones to obtain a plurality of spatial streams (if any) for each of the bandwidth segments.

The cluster reverse mapper (eg, QAM reverse mapper) 1108 may then reverse map the complex representation 1106 from the corresponding point in the (eg, QAM) modulation cluster to obtain the demodulated symbol 1110. For example, continuing the example provided above, the resulting stream of the complex number representation 1106 may be provided to a corresponding cluster demapper, which provides a corresponding spatial stream of demodulated symbols 1110. Each of the demodulated symbols 1110 finally includes a set of n amplitude bits indicating the amplitude of the symbol. As described above in connection with process 600 and flow 700 , the first n /2 bits of the set of n amplitude bits for each demodulated symbol 1110 may indicate the symbol along the real axis of the modulation cluster The first amplitude component of the amplitude of each demodulated symbol 1110, and the last n /2 bits in the set of n amplitude bits for each demodulated symbol 1110 may indicate the amplitude of the symbol along the imaginary axis of the modulation cluster The second amplitude component. As such, for the first (real) amplitude component of each demodulated symbol 1110, there are 2 ^{n /2} possible first amplitude levels, and for each demodulated symbol 1110 the second (imaginary) ) Amplitude component, there are 2 ^{n /2} possible second amplitude levels. As described above, each of the demodulated symbols 1110 may also include a sign bit for each amplitude component that indicates the sign of the corresponding amplitude.

As described above, in block 1004, the wireless communication device reorders the set of amplitude bits and sign bits for all symbols into at least a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits and a plurality of parity bits. For example, the amplitude-shaped bit may include MSB 706a. In some such examples, the amplitude bit set may also include a plurality of unshaped bits, for example, including LSB 708. In some implementations, the demodulated symbol 1110 may also include a plurality of sign bits or signal transfer bits. In some implementations, the reordering module 1112 can receive the demodulated symbol 1110 including all amplitude bits (including amplitude-shaped bits and any unshaped bits) and parity bits, and reassemble them into Encoding character 1114. For example, continuing the example provided above, the reordering module 1112 may also include a plurality of bandwidth segment de-parsers, and the bandwidth segment de-parsers can resolve the symbols 1110 from the corresponding bandwidth segment stream. In some implementations, the reordering module 1112 may also include a spatial stream de-parser, which resolves the symbols in the resulting spatial stream into a single bit stream. As described above, the reordering module 1112 can then reorder the bits from the demodulated symbol into coded characters 1114.

As described above, in block 1006, the wireless communication device performs a first decoding operation on at least a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits based on a plurality of parity bits to generate a first plurality of decoded data bits. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 11B, the first decoder 1116 may receive the coded character 1114, and perform a first decoding operation on the coded character 1114 in block 1008 based on the amplitude-shaped bit to provide at least The first plurality of decoded data bits. The first decoder 1116 may be a system decoder (for example, an LDPC decoder) that attempts to decode amplitude bits with the help of parity bits. As described above, the coded character 1114 may also include unshaped amplitude bits (for example, LSB or sign bits). As such, based on the decoding of the coded character 1114, the first decoder 1116 may output a decoded code block that includes decoded amplitude-shaped bits (for example, MSB) 1118, decoded LSB 1120, decoded sign bit 1122, and decoded signal transfer bit 1124.

As described above, the wireless communication device performs a second decoding operation on the amplitude-shaped bits 1118 in block 1008 to generate de-shaped amplitude bits. In some implementations, the shaping decoder 1126 performs a second decoding operation (also referred to herein as an "amplitude de-shaping operation") to remove redundancy from the amplitude-shaped bits 1118 to generate de-shaped amplitude bits Element 1128, so that the number of de-shaped amplitude bits 1128 (number of values) is smaller than the number of amplitude-shaped bits 1118. In some implementations in which the plurality of decoded data bits include unshaped bits (for example, LSB 1120, sign bit 1122, or signal transfer bit 1124), in block 1008, only the amplitude-shaped bit Element 1118 performs the second decoding operation. The amplitude de-shaping operation cancels the corresponding amplitude-shaping operation performed at the transmitting device, so that the amplitude associated with the corresponding symbol is restored to a substantially uniform distribution.

In some implementations, the second decoding operation performed in block 1008 is or includes an arithmetic decoding operation. For example, the shaping decoder 1126 may perform an arithmetic decoding operation in block 1008, which is basically the inverse of the arithmetic coding operation described with reference to block 602 of process 600. In some other implementations, the second decoding operation performed in block 1008 is or includes a first code decoding operation. For example, the shaping decoder 1126 may perform a preamble decoding operation in block 1008, which is basically the inverse operation of the preamble encoding operation described with reference to block 602 of process 600. As described above, in some implementations, the first code decoding operation can be performed in parallel.

In the example shown, the de-parser 1130 reassembles the de-shaped bit (eg, MSB) 1128 and any LSB 1120 or sign bit 1122 into one or more information blocks 1132. The information block 1132 can then be processed by the MAC layer of the wireless communication device to decode the corresponding MPDU.

As described above, in some implementations, in block 1002, the wireless communication device may also receive an indication of the second decoding operation from the sending device in the same wireless packet 1102 including the modulated symbol. For example, the wireless communication device may be in the preamble signal of the wireless packet 1102 (such as in the signal transmission field (for example, in the EHT-SIG field such as the EHT-SIG-A field or the EHT-SIG-C field) )) Receive instructions. As described above, the preamble signal may include the MCS field (which may be in the EHT-SIG-A field), which indicates the encoding rate (for example, the LDPC decoder 1116 performs the LDPC decoding operation in block 1006 Required LDPC encoding rate), modulation (eg, QAM) cluster size, and one or more indications for the second decoding operation. In some other implementations, one or more instructions for the second decoding operation may be in a second signal transmission field separate from the MCS field (for example, in EHT-SIG-A or EHT-SIG-C In the other sub-field of ). For example, the MCS field or the second signal transmission field may include: a first bit, which indicates whether the sending device performs the first encoding (amplitude shaping) operation; and one or more second bits, which indicate the same as the first One or more amplitude shaping parameters that define the non-uniform distribution of amplitudes associated with the encoding operation.

As described above, the MCS field or the second signal transmission field may also include an indication corresponding to the power scaling factor used for the modulated symbol, so as to be used by the demodulator 1104 when de-scaling the modulated symbol. . As described further above, the MCS field or the second signal transmission field can indicate the size of the code block for which the sending device performs the first encoding (amplitude shaping) operation (or the size and number of code blocks in the code block group). Instructions). In some other implementations, one or both of the power scaling factor and the code block size can be implicitly signaled.

As described with reference to the process 600, the stream 700, the distribution 800, and the LUT 900 described with reference to FIGS. 6, 7A and 7B, FIGS. 8A to 8D, and 9 respectively, the amplitude shaping encoding operation is directed to the amplitude bit input to the shaping encoder The element adds redundancy, and in particular, makes the number of amplitude-shaped bits output from the shaping encoder greater than the number of amplitude bits input to the shaping encoder. Since the amplitude-shaping encoding operation results in encoding fewer information bits to obtain the same number of symbols as conventionally achievable, the amplitude-shaping encoding operation results in a reduction in the effective encoding rate of the MPDU. Since the number of amplitude-shaped bits output from the shaping encoder may be content dependent (which depends on the value of the bits input to the shaping encoder), the effective encoding rate of the shaping encoder can be variable in nature of. In addition, as described above, the number of amplitude-shaped bits output from the shaping encoder can also be changed. For example, unlike some arithmetic encoding operations described herein, when the first code encoding operation is used to perform amplitude shaping, the number of amplitude-shaped bits output from the shaping encoder may be variable.

The current version of the IEEE 802.11 standard allows peak spectral efficiency (MCS13) with a coding rate of 5/6. That is, for every 5 bits of useful information, 6 bits of encoded data can be sent. Some wireless communication devices can achieve peak spectral efficiency through LDPC encoding using an LDPC code with a rate of 5/6. For example, a wireless communication device operating in accordance with the existing version of the IEEE 802.11 standard can generate LDPC coded characters with a length of 1944 bits at a coding rate of 5/6. The LDPC encoding process generates 324 parity bits for every 1620 information bits. Using the existing version of the IEEE 802.11 standard, a smaller code character length (less than 1944 bits) is also available. However, for a longer code character length, the coding gain is usually higher.

In this implementation, the spectral efficiency is affected by the encoding rate of a system encoding operation (such as performed by the system encoder 716 of FIG. 7A) and the encoding rate of a probabilistic amplitude shaping operation (such as performed by the shaping encoder 710 of FIG. 7A). As described above, the probabilistic amplitude shaping operation has an effective coding rate less than one. When the amplitude shaping operation is combined with the system encoding operation defined by the existing IEEE 802.11 standard (such as an LDPC code with a rate of 5/6), the overall effective encoding rate will be less than 5/6.

Various aspects of the present disclosure can improve the spectral efficiency when performing amplitude shaping by combining the amplitude shaping operation with a system encoding operation having an encoding rate greater than 5/6. In some implementations, the amplitude shaping operation may be or include preamble encoding with an effective encoding rate greater than 0.94 but less than 1. In some aspects, peak spectral efficiency can be achieved (or maintained) by combining an amplitude shaping operation with an effective coding rate of 0.95 and a system coding operation with a coding rate of 7/8. Referring to, for example, FIG. 7A, the shaping encoder 710 can implement a first code encoding operation with an effective encoding rate of 0.95, and the system encoder 716 can implement an LDPC encoding operation with an effective encoding rate of 7/8. Therefore, the stream 700 can achieve an overall coding rate of ~5/6. In other words, the stream 700 can generate 6 coded character bits (of the coded character 718) for every 5 information bits (of the information block 702).

In some implementations, the system encoding operation can use an LDPC code with a local encoding rate of 7/8 to achieve an effective encoding rate of 7/8. In other words, a generator matrix that implements an LDPC code with a rate of 7/8 can generate 8 coded character bits for every 7 information bits. For example, the generator matrix can encode an information block containing 1701 information bits into an LDPC coded character with a length of 1944 (by adding 243 parity bits to the information block). In some preamble encoding implementations configured for 4096 QAM, there may be amplitude bits corresponding to 32 corresponding amplitude levels for the in-phase (I) component or quadrature (Q) component of the associated symbol 32 different sequences or patterns of elements. The length of each pattern of amplitude bits may be 5 bits. Therefore, a coded character with a length of 1944 can be coded with 324 PAM amplitudes (1944 coded character bits / (5 amplitude bits + 1 sign bit) = 324 PAM amplitudes). Since 1701 system bits are encoded and sent using each LDPC coded character, 1620 system bits in the system bits can be used to shape all 324 PAM amplitudes (324 PAM amplitudes*5 Amplitude bits/shaped amplitude=1620), and the remaining 81 unshaped system bits can be reused as sign bits. Assuming that the first code encoding operation has an effective encoding rate of 0.95, the overall effective encoding rate of the system is (1620*0.95+81)/1944=5/6.

In some other implementations, the system encoding operation can achieve 7/8 effective encoding by puncturing one or more encoded character bits generated by an LDPC code with a local encoding rate <7/8 rate. In some aspects, higher effective coding can be achieved by puncturing one or more bits of the LDPC code character generated by the traditional LDPC code (such as defined by the existing version of the IEEE 802.11 standard) rate. For example, a coded character with a rate of 7/8 can be derived by puncturing 93 bits of a coded character with a length of 1944 and a rate of 5/6. Another example is to puncture 96 bits of a coded character with a length of 1944 and a rate of 5/6, resulting in a coding rate close to 7/8. In the case where the number of bits expected to be punctured is a multiple of the bits in the modulation symbol (for 4096 QAM, where each QAM symbol carries 12 bits), 96 bits can be punctured. Another example is to puncture 90 bits of a coded character with a length of 1944 and a rate of 5/6 to generate a 7.5 QAM punctured symbol (for 4096 QAM). Effectively, 15 QAM symbols are punctured for every two coded characters. As described in more detail with respect to FIG. 12, the punctured bits may include information bits, parity bits, or any combination thereof.

In some other aspects, higher efficiency can be achieved by puncturing one or more bits of the generated LDPC coded characters optimized for higher coding rates (such as rate 7/8) Encoding rate. For example, a new LDPC code can be optimized to encode a larger number of parity bits (compared to traditional LDPC codes) for a given coded character length. In some implementations, the number of parity bits generated using the new LDPC code may cause the resulting coded character to exceed the expected coded character length. For example, the LDPC encoding process can add 405 parity bits to an information block containing 1701 information bits, thereby generating a coded character with a length of 2106 (when the expected coded character length is 1944). Therefore, one or more bits of the resulting coded character can be punctured to achieve the desired effective coding rate. As described in more detail with respect to FIG. 12, the punctured bits may include information bits, parity bits, or any combination thereof.

FIG. 12 illustrates another schematic diagram of a stream 1200 that supports amplitude shaping according to some implementations. For example, flow 1200 may be another implementation of flow 700 depicted in FIG. 7A. In the example of FIG. 12, the information block 1202 is provided to the shaping encoder 1210. In some implementations, a subset of the bits 1204 (such as unshaped information bits or LSB) of the information block 1202 can be directly provided to the system encoder 1220 as unshaped information bits, thereby bypassing the shaping encoder 1210. . For example, a subset of the bits 1204 can be parsed from the information block 1202 by a pre-shaping parser (such as the pre-shaping parser 704 of FIG. 7A). Therefore, the shaping encoder 1210 can only receive a subset of the bits of the information block 1202. In some aspects, the number of bits 1204 directly sent to the system encoder 1220 may depend on the punching operation performed by the encoded character punch 1240. In some other implementations, each bit of the information block 1202 may be provided to the shaping encoder 1210.

The shaping encoder 1210 may be an example of the shaping encoder 710 of FIG. 7A. Therefore, the shaping encoder 1210 can encode one or more bits of the information block 1202 to generate amplitude-shaped bits 1212 so that the amplitudes of the associated symbols have a non-uniform distribution, and, specifically, and The probability associated with the corresponding amplitude usually increases as the amplitude decreases (such as a Gaussian distribution). In some implementations, the shaping encoder 1210 is or includes a preamble encoder with an effective encoding rate of about 0.95.

As described above, the execution of the preamble encoding operation may include: comparing the continuous bit sequence of the information block 1202 with one or more bit value patterns in the set of bit value patterns having non-uniform lengths. More specifically, the bit value pattern can be defined so that each bit value pattern in the bit value pattern has an associated probability of occurrence in the information block 1202, so that the bit value associated with a relatively high symbol amplitude Compared with the meta-value pattern, the bit-value pattern associated with a relatively lower symbol amplitude has a relatively higher probability of occurrence. In some implementations configured for 4096 QAM, there can be as many as 32 possible information bit sequences, which can be input to the shaping encoder 1210 for the first code encoding operation.

For example, as shown in Tables 1-4, there are 32 amplitude bit sequences or patterns that can be output by the shaping encoder 1210. Each amplitude bit sequence may include 5 bit values, which represent the intensity of the in-phase (I) component or the quadrature (Q) component of the amplitude of the associated symbol. Each amplitude bit sequence in the amplitude bit sequence is associated with the corresponding symbol amplitude. For example, there are 32 different possible amplitude bit sequences and associated amplitude level values ranging from 1 to 63 (only odd numbers). Table 1 Input information bit sequence Output amplitude bit sequence Amplitude (I/Q level) Probability 0011 10000 1 1/16 0000 10001 3 1/16 0001 10011 5 1/16 0110 10010 7 1/16 0111 10110 9 1/16 0100 10111 11 1/16 0101 10101 13 1/16 11001 10100 15 1/32 11110 11100 17 1/32 11111 11101 19 1/32 11100 11111 twenty one 1/32 11101 11110 twenty three 1/32 10010 11010 25 1/32 10011 11011 27 1/32 10000 11001 29 1/32 10001 11000 31 1/32 10110 01000 33 1/32 10111 01001 35 1/32 10100 01011 37 1/32 10101 01010 39 1/32 110110 01110 41 1/64 110111 01111 43 1/64 110100 01101 45 1/64 110101 01100 47 1/64 001010 00100 49 1/64 001011 00101 51 1/64 001000 00111 53 1/64 001001 00110 55 1/64 1100010 00010 57 1/128 1100011 00011 59 1/128 1100000 00001 61 1/128 1100001 00000 63 1/128

As shown in Table 1, there are 32 possible information bit sequences that can be input to the shaping encoder 1210. In this example, each amplitude bit sequence has a probability of occurrence associated with a probability quality function (PMF), where PMF=[8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 4 , 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1]/128. With reference to equation (2), for example, the effective coding rate of the first code table can be derived by dividing the average number of amplitude-shaped bits (number of bits) by the length of each amplitude bit sequence (5). Therefore, the above-mentioned first code coding table (Table 1) has an effective coding rate of 0.9500. Table 2 Input information bit sequence Output amplitude bit sequence Amplitude (I/Q level) Probability 0000 10000 1 1/16 0001 10001 3 1/16 0110 10011 5 1/16 0111 10010 7 1/16 0100 10110 9 1/16 0101 10111 11 1/16 11010 10101 13 1/32 11011 10100 15 1/32 11000 11100 17 1/32 11001 11101 19 1/32 11110 11111 twenty one 1/32 11111 11110 twenty three 1/32 11100 11010 25 1/32 11101 11011 27 1/32 10010 11001 29 1/32 10011 11000 31 1/32 10000 01000 33 1/32 10001 01001 35 1/32 10110 01011 37 1/32 10111 01010 39 1/32 10100 01110 41 1/32 10101 01111 43 1/32 001010 01101 45 1/64 001011 01100 47 1/64 001000 00100 49 1/64 001001 00101 51 1/64 001110 00111 53 1/64 001111 00110 55 1/64 001100 00010 57 1/64 001101 00011 59 1/64 N/A 00001 61 0 N/A 00000 63 0

As shown in Table 2, there are 30 possible information bit sequences that can be input to the shaping encoder 1210. In this example, each amplitude bit sequence has a probability of occurrence associated with PMF, where PMF=[8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0]/128. The above-mentioned first code coding table (Table 2) has an effective coding rate of 0.9500. table 3 Input information bit sequence Output amplitude bit sequence Amplitude (I/Q level) Probability 0011 10000 1 1/16 0000 10001 3 1/16 0001 10011 5 1/16 0110 10010 7 1/16 0111 10110 9 1/16 0100 10111 11 1/16 0101 10101 13 1/16 11001 10100 15 1/32 11110 11100 17 1/32 11111 11101 19 1/32 11100 11111 twenty one 1/32 11101 11110 twenty three 1/32 10010 11010 25 1/32 10011 11011 27 1/32 10000 11001 29 1/32 10001 11000 31 1/32 10110 01000 33 1/32 10111 01001 35 1/32 10100 01011 37 1/32 10101 01010 39 1/32 110001 01110 41 1/64 110110 01111 43 1/64 110111 01101 45 1/64 110100 01100 47 1/64 110101 00100 49 1/64 001010 00101 51 1/64 001011 00111 53 1/64 001000 00110 55 1/64 001001 00010 57 1/64 1100000 00011 59 1/128 1100001 00001 61 1/128 N/A 00000 63 0

As shown in Table 3, there are 31 possible information bit sequences that can be input to the shaping encoder 1210. In this example, each amplitude bit sequence has a probability of occurrence associated with PMF, where PMF=[8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 0]/128. The above-mentioned first code coding table (Table 3) has an effective coding rate of 0.9469. Table 4 Input information bit sequence Output amplitude bit sequence Amplitude (I/Q level) Probability 0000 10000 1 1/16 0001 10001 3 1/16 0110 10011 5 1/16 0111 10010 7 1/16 0100 10110 9 1/16 0101 10111 11 1/16 11010 10101 13 1/32 11011 10100 15 1/32 11000 11100 17 1/32 11001 11101 19 1/32 11110 11111 twenty one 1/32 11111 11110 twenty three 1/32 11100 11010 25 1/32 11101 11011 27 1/32 10010 11001 29 1/32 10011 11000 31 1/32 10000 01000 33 1/32 10001 01001 35 1/32 10110 01011 37 1/32 10111 01010 39 1/32 10100 01110 41 1/32 10101 01111 43 1/32 001011 01101 45 1/64 001000 01100 47 1/64 001001 00100 49 1/64 001110 00101 51 1/64 001111 00111 53 1/64 001100 00110 55 1/64 001101 00010 57 1/64 0010100 00011 59 1/128 0010101 00001 61 1/128 N/A 00000 63 0

As shown in Table 4, there are 31 possible information bit sequences that can be input to the shaping encoder 1210. In this example, each amplitude bit sequence has a probability of occurrence associated with PMF, where PMF=[8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 0]/128. The above-mentioned first code coding table (Table 4) has an effective coding rate of 0.9531.

Various aspects of the present disclosure recognize that although 5 bits can be used to encode each amplitude level used for 4096 QAM, not all 5 bits need to be amplitude-shaped to achieve an effective value of ~0.95 Encoding rate. As shown in Table 5-7, by shaping only 4 of the 5 bits (MSB), an effective coding rate close to 0.95 can be achieved. In other words, each unique information bit sequence can be mapped to a corresponding 4-bit amplitude bit sequence. The remaining 1 bit (LSB) is not used for amplitude shaping, but can be used to determine the corresponding amplitude level associated with the amplitude-shaped bit sequence. As shown in Table 8 and Table 9, by shaping only 3 bits (MSB) out of 5 bits, an effective coding rate of about 0.95 can also be achieved. In other words, each unique information bit sequence can be mapped to a corresponding 3-bit amplitude bit sequence. The remaining 2 bits (LSB) are not used for amplitude shaping, but can be used to determine the corresponding amplitude level associated with the amplitude-shaped bit sequence. table 5 Input information bit sequence Output amplitude bit sequence Amplitude (I/Q level) Probability 110 1000 1 or 3 1/8 111 1001 3 or 7 1/8 100 1011 9 or 11 1/8 101 1010 13 or 15 1/8 0000 1110 17 or 19 1/16 0001 1111 21 or 23 1/16 0110 1101 25 or 27 1/16 0111 1100 29 or 31 1/16 0100 0100 33 or 35 1/16 0101 0101 37 or 39 1/16 00100 0111 41 or 43 1/32 00101 0110 45 or 47 1/32 001110 0010 49 or 51 1/64 001111 0011 53 or 55 1/64 001100 0001 57 or 59 1/64 001101 0000 61 or 63 1/64

因此，上述首碼編碼表（表5）具有0.9375（（4*0.9219+1）/5＝0.9375）的有效編碼速率。 表6 輸入的資訊位元序列 輸出的振幅位元序列 振幅（I/Q位準） 概率 110 1000 1或3    1/8  111 1001 3或7    1/8  100 1011 9或11    1/8  101 1010 13或15    1/8  0001 1110 17或19    1/16 0110 1111 21或23    1/16 0111 1101 25或27    1/16 0100 1100 29或31    1/16 0101 0100 33或35    1/16 00001 0101 37或39    1/32 00110 0111 41或43    1/32 00111 0110 45或47    1/32 00100 0010 49或51    1/32 00101 0011 53或55    1/32 000000 0001 57或59    1/64 000001 0000 61或63    1/64 As shown in Table 5, there are 16 possible information bit sequences that can be input to the shaping encoder 1210. Each information bit sequence is mapped to a 4-bit amplitude bit sequence. Each amplitude bit sequence (MSB) is also associated with 2 amplitude levels. Therefore, the remaining unshaped bits (LSB) can be used to distinguish between the two amplitude levels. In this example, each amplitude bit sequence has a probability of occurrence associated with PMF, where PMF=[8, 8, 8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1]/64. The above-mentioned first code coding table (Table 5) has a local coding rate of 0.9219. The effective encoding rate (R _eff ) can be determined as a function of the number of amplitude-shaped bits (MSB), the number of unshaped amplitude bits (LSB), and the local encoding rate (R):

Therefore, the above-mentioned first code coding table (Table 5) has an effective coding rate of 0.9375 ((4*0.9219+1)/5=0.9375). Table 6 Input information bit sequence Output amplitude bit sequence Amplitude (I/Q level) Probability 110 1000 1 or 3 1/8 111 1001 3 or 7 1/8 100 1011 9 or 11 1/8 101 1010 13 or 15 1/8 0001 1110 17 or 19 1/16 0110 1111 21 or 23 1/16 0111 1101 25 or 27 1/16 0100 1100 29 or 31 1/16 0101 0100 33 or 35 1/16 00001 0101 37 or 39 1/32 00110 0111 41 or 43 1/32 00111 0110 45 or 47 1/32 00100 0010 49 or 51 1/32 00101 0011 53 or 55 1/32 000000 0001 57 or 59 1/64 000001 0000 61 or 63 1/64

As shown in Table 6, there are 16 possible information bit sequences that can be input to the shaping encoder 1210. Each information bit sequence is mapped to a 4-bit amplitude bit sequence. Each amplitude bit sequence (MSB) is also associated with 2 amplitude levels. Therefore, the remaining unshaped bits (LSB) can be used to distinguish between the two amplitude levels. In this example, each amplitude bit sequence has a probability of occurrence associated with PMF, where PMF=[8, 8, 8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1]/64. The above-mentioned first code coding table (Table 6) has a local coding rate of 0.9297 and an effective coding rate of 0.9438. Table 7 Input information bit sequence Output amplitude bit sequence Amplitude (I/Q level) Probability 111 1000 1 or 3 1/8 100 1001 3 or 7 1/8 101 1011 9 or 11 1/8 0010 1010 13 or 15 1/16 0011 1110 17 or 19 1/16 0000 1111 21 or 23 1/16 0001 1101 25 or 27 1/16 0110 1100 29 or 31 1/16 0111 0100 33 or 35 1/16 0100 0101 37 or 39 1/16 0101 0111 41 or 43 1/16 11011 0110 45 or 47 1/32 11000 0010 49 or 51 1/32 11001 0011 53 or 55 1/32 110100 0001 57 or 59 1/64 110101 0000 61 or 63 1/64

As shown in Table 7, there are 16 possible information bit sequences that can be input to the shaping encoder 1210. Each information bit sequence is mapped to a 4-bit amplitude bit sequence. Each amplitude bit sequence (MSB) is also associated with 2 amplitude levels. Therefore, the remaining unshaped bits (LSB) can be used to distinguish between the two amplitude levels. In this example, each amplitude bit sequence has a probability of occurrence associated with PMF, where PMF=[8, 8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1]/64. The above-mentioned first code encoding table (Table 7) has a local encoding rate of 0.9453 and an effective encoding rate of 0.9562. Table 8 Input information bit sequence Output amplitude bit sequence Amplitude (I/Q level) Probability 00 100 {1,3,5,7} 1/4 01 101 {9,11,13,15} 1/4 111 111 {17,19,21,23} 1/8 100 110 {25,27,29,31} 1/8 101 010 {33,35,37,39} 1/8 1101 011 {41,43,45,47} 1/16 11000 001 {49,51,53,55} 1/32 11001 000 {57,59,61,63} 1/32

As shown in Table 8, there are 8 possible information bit sequences that can be input to the shaping encoder 1210. Each information bit sequence is mapped to a 3-bit amplitude bit sequence. Each amplitude bit sequence (MSB) is also associated with 4 amplitude levels. Therefore, the remaining 2 unshaped bits (LSB) can be used to distinguish between the 4 amplitude levels. In this example, each amplitude bit sequence has a probability of occurrence associated with PMF, where PMF=[8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 2, 1, 1]/32. The above-mentioned first code coding table (Table 8) has a local coding rate of 0.8958 and an effective coding rate of 0.9375. Table 9 Input information bit sequence Output amplitude bit sequence Amplitude (I/Q level) Probability 01 100 {1,3,5,7} 1/4 001 101 {9,11,13,15} 1/8 110 111 {17,19,21,23} 1/8 111 110 {25,27,29,31} 1/8 100 010 {33,35,37,39} 1/8 101 011 {41,43,45,47} 1/8 0000 001 {49,51,53,55} 1/16 0001 000 {57,59,61,63} 1/16

As shown in Table 9, there are 8 possible information bit sequences that can be input to the shaping encoder 1210. Each information bit sequence is mapped to a 3-bit amplitude bit sequence. Each amplitude bit sequence (MSB) is also associated with 4 amplitude levels. Therefore, the remaining 2 unshaped bits (LSB) can be used to distinguish between the 4 amplitude levels. In this example, each amplitude bit sequence has a probability of occurrence associated with PMF, where PMF=[8, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2]/32. The above-mentioned first code coding table (Table 9) has a local coding rate of 0.9583 and an effective coding rate of 0.9751. It should be noted that the input information bit sequence of any table in Table 1-9 can be reversed (by replacing 1 with 0 and 0 with 1), resulting in a new PMF with the same PMF as the corresponding table The first code list.

After matching the information bit sequence with a bit value pattern in the bit value pattern in the preamble encoding table, the shaping encoder 1210 may then output the amplitude bit sequence 1212 associated with the bit value pattern. For example, suppose that the next four information bits to be encoded by the shaping encoder 1210 are 0110. Based on the information bit sequence, the shaping encoder 1210 can recognize the pattern 0110 in the LUT including the bit value pattern set. For example, the LUT can implement Table 1. The shaping encoder 1210 may then map the pattern 0110 to a corresponding amplitude bit sequence with the pattern 10010 (which has an associated amplitude level of 7), and output the amplitude bit sequence to the system encoder 1220.

The system encoder 1220 may be an example of the system encoder 716 of FIG. 7A. Therefore, the system encoder 1220 can perform a system encoding operation on the amplitude bit sequence 1212 so that the bits output from the system encoder 1220 match those input to the system encoder 1220. In some implementations, the system encoder 1220 is or includes an LDPC encoder. As such, for each code block input to the system encoder 1220, the system encoder 1220 generates a resulting coded character 1230 including a system part 1232 and a parity part 1234. The system part includes the amplitude bit 1212 and any LSB, sign bit, or signal transfer bit that can be included with the code block input to the system encoder 1220 (not shown for simplicity). The parity part 1234 includes a number of parity bits. The parity bits add redundancy to the coded character 1230 and can be used to decode the coded character 1230.

In some implementations, the system encoder 1220 may use a traditional LDPC code with an encoding rate of 5/6 (such as described by the existing version of the IEEE 802.11 standard) to generate the encoded characters 1230. For example, the system encoder 1220 may receive a 1620-bit code block as its input, and output a coded character with a length of 1944. As described above, a coding rate of 5/6 can be used to achieve peak spectral efficiency. However, since the amplitude shaping operation has an effective coding rate of less than 1, the resulting coded character 1230 output by the system encoder 1220 (an LDPC code that realizes a rate of 5/6) will have an overall coding rate of less than 5/6. In some implementations, the effective encoding rate of the system encoder 1220 can be improved (or increased) via puncturing. For example, the coded character 1230 may be provided as the input of the coded character punch 1240.

The coded character puncturer 1240 can puncture one or more bits of the coded character 1230 to generate a punctured coded character 1250 that is actually shorter than the input coded character 1230 in length. More specifically, the punctured coded character 1250 may include a number of punctured bits 1252 that will not be transmitted or coded into QAM symbols. Referring to, for example, FIG. 7B, the punctured bits 1252 can be excluded from the coded characters 718 input to the sorting module 724. For example, when the system encoder 1220 uses a traditional LDPC code, the coded character puncturer 1240 can puncture 93 bits of the obtained coded character 1230. Therefore, out of 1944 total coded character bits, only 1851 coded character bits can be transmitted or coded into QAM symbols. Therefore, the punctured coded character 1250 has an effective coding rate equal to 1620/1851=0.875 (or 7/8). The punctured bits 1252 can be regarded as erasure, and thus can be corrected or restored by the LDPC decoder of the receiving device. In some implementations, the punctured bits 1252 may include information bits, parity bits, or any combination thereof.

As described above, the number of punctured bits 1252 may be a function of the modulation order, so that the number of punctured bits is a multiple of half the number of bits carried by the QAM symbol. Given a traditional LDPC code, another example is to puncture 96 bits out of 1944 coded character bits to generate a punctured coded character with a length of 1848. The effective coding rate of punctured coded characters is 1620/1848=0.8766 (which is close to the rate of 7/8). In the case that the number of punctured bits is expected to be a multiple of the bits in the modulation symbol (for 4096 QAM, where each QAM symbol carries 12 bits), 96 bits can be punctured . Another example is to puncture 90 bits of coded characters with a length of 1944 and a rate of 5/6 to generate 7.5 QAM punctured symbols (for 4096 QAM). Effectively, 15 QAM symbols are punctured for every two coded characters.

In some other implementations, the system encoder 1220 may use a new LDPC code optimized for a higher coding rate (also referred to herein as a “non-traditional LDPC code”) to generate the coded character 1230. For example, non-traditional LDPC codes can be optimized to encode a larger number of parity bits (compared to traditional LDPC codes) for a given coded character length. In some implementations, non-traditional LDPC codes may be based on a quasi-cyclic (QC) parity check matrix. Such codes can be called QC LDPC codes. The parity check matrix used for the QC LDPC code can be represented by a base matrix and an extended sub-matrix used to extend the elements of the base matrix. Each sub-matrix of the parity check matrix may correspond to an all-zero matrix or a cyclic permutation matrix (also referred to as a “circulant matrix”) having a cyclic weight greater than or equal to 1. For a cyclic permutation matrix with a cyclic weight of 1, each row and each column of the cyclic permutation matrix may contain only one non-zero element.

（其中H表示同位檢查矩陣1300，並且c是表示編碼字元的向量），則LDPC解碼器可以決定接收的編碼字元是有效編碼字元。FIG. 13 illustrates an example parity check matrix 1300 for an LDPC code. In some implementations, the parity check matrix 1300 can be optimized for LDPC coded characters at a rate of 7/8. Referring to, for example, FIG. 12, the parity check matrix 1300 (or a generator matrix based on the parity check matrix 1300) may be used by the system encoder 1220 to generate coded characters 1230. More specifically, the system encoder 1220 can use the parity check matrix 1300 to generate a number of parity bits for a number (M) of information bits of the input code block. The parity bit is added to the system bit to generate a number of (L) coded character bits representing the coded character 1230. The LDPC decoder can use the same parity check matrix 1300 to verify and correct each bit of the received coded character. More specifically, if the following conditions are met:

(Where H represents the parity check matrix 1300, and c is a vector representing coded characters), then the LDPC decoder can determine that the received coded characters are valid coded characters.

In some implementations, the parity check matrix 1300 may correspond to the base matrix of the QC LDPC code. As illustrated in Figure 13, the base matrix includes 5 rows (represented by the subscript "R") and 26 columns (represented by the subscript "C"). At the intersection of each row and each column of the parity check matrix 1300, there is a sub-matrix with a dimension of ZxZ. For example, each "-1" entry in the parity check matrix 500 can be extended to an all-zero submatrix, and each "P" in the parity check matrix 500 can be extended to a cycle with a cycle weight equal to or greater than 1 Permutation matrix. As illustrated in FIG. 13, the all-zero sub-matrix is located at the intersection of the first row of the parity check matrix 1300 and each of the 1, 2, 9, 10, 16, 21, 23, 24, and 26 columns , The intersection of row 2 and each of columns 8, 12, 14, 18, 20, 24, 25, and 26, row 3 and columns 3, 6, 13, 17, 19, 22, and 26 The intersection of each column of, the intersection of row 4 and each of columns 4, 5, 7, 11, 15, 22, 23, and 26, and the intersection of row 5 and columns 1-20 and 22-24 At the intersection of each column in.

In some implementations, each cyclic permutation matrix P of the parity check matrix 1300 may have a cyclic weight equal to one. In other words, each row and each column of the cyclic permutation matrix P contains only one non-zero value (equal to 1). FIG. 14A illustrates an example 3×3 cyclic permutation matrix 1400 with a cyclic weight equal to 1 and a rotation with a size of 0. It should be noted that the cyclic permutation matrix 1400 is a 3x3 identity matrix. FIG. 14B illustrates an example 3×3 cyclic permutation matrix 1410 with a cyclic weight equal to 1 and a rotation of size 1. Referring to, for example, FIG. 14A, the cyclic permutation matrix 1410 can be generated by shifting or "rotating" each column of the cyclic permutation matrix 1400 to the right by one column. FIG. 14C illustrates an example 3×3 cyclic permutation matrix 1420 with a cyclic weight equal to 1 and a rotation of size 2. Referring to, for example, FIG. 14A, the cyclic permutation matrix 1420 can be generated by moving each column of the cyclic permutation matrix 1400 to the right or by rotating two columns.

In some implementations, each entry in the parity check matrix 1300 may correspond to a sub-matrix with a dimension of 81×81 (Z=81). For example, the system encoder 1220 can use the parity check matrix 1300 (or a generator matrix based on the parity check matrix 1300) to encode 1701 information bits into LDPC coded characters with a length of 1944 to achieve a code rate of 7/8 . However, the encoding process generates 405 parity bits for every 1701 information bits, resulting in 2106 total coded character bits. Therefore, the coded character perforator 1240 can puncture 162 coded character bits of the 2106-bit coded character, so that the resulting punctured coded character has an effective length of 1944. In some implementations, the punctured coded character bit 1252 may include 162 information bits. In some other implementations, the punctured coded character bit 1252 may include 81 parity bits and 81 information bits. Furthermore, in some implementations, the punctured coded character bit 1252 may include any number of information bits, parity bits, or a combination thereof. If one or more information bits are punctured from a 2106-bit long coded character, the resulting punctured code can be called "semi-systematic", in which the number of system bits is smaller than that of information bits quantity.

As described above, the punctured coded character bits 1252 are not transmitted or coded into QAM symbols. As such, the punctured coded character bit 1252 does not affect the amplitude level of the QAM symbol, and therefore cannot be used for amplitude shaping. In some implementations, the operation or configuration of the shaping encoder 1210 may depend at least in part on the number and type of punctured coded character bits 1252. For example, when the system encoder 1220 uses a non-traditional LDPC code to generate 405 parity bits for every 1701 information bits (such as described with respect to FIG. 13), and the coded character puncturer 1240 divides 162 information bits When puncturing is performed, a maximum of 1539 bits of the 1701 bits input to the system encoder 1220 (herein referred to as "system bits") can be used for amplitude shaping. In other words, a pre-shaping parser (such as the pre-shaping parser 704 of FIG. 7A) can parse at least 162 bits from the information block 1202 as a subset of the bits 1204 to be directly provided to the system encoder 1220.

In the implementation in which the shaping encoder 1210 uses a sequence of 5 amplitude bits to represent each amplitude level (such as shown in Table 1-4), 1535 systematic bits of the 1539 systematic bits can be encoded by shaping The device 1210 reshapes or outputs. The remaining 4 system bits are not sufficient for amplitude shaping, and therefore can be used as sign bits. The combination of 4 unshaped system bits and 162 punctured bits produces a total of 166 unshaped information bits. On the other hand, 1535 shaped bits produce 1535/5=307 shaped PAM amplitudes. Since the coded character with a length of 1944 contains 324 PAM amplitudes, the 17 PAM amplitudes will not be shaped. Assuming that the system encoder 1210 has an effective coding rate of 0.95, the overall effective coding rate of the system is (1535*0.95+166)/1944=0.8355, which is slightly larger than the coding rate of 5/6.

Various aspects of the present disclosure recognize that by reducing the number of amplitude bits required for shaping, even more PAM amplitudes can be shaped. For example, in an implementation in which the shaping encoder 1210 uses a sequence of 4 amplitude bits to represent each amplitude level (such as shown in Table 5-7), only 1296 of the 1539 system bits are required System bits are used to shape all 324 PAM amplitudes (324 PAM amplitudes * 4 MSBs/shaped amplitude = 1296). This leaves 243 unshaped system bits. The combination of 243 unshaped system bits and 162 punctured bits produces a total of 409 unshaped information bits. Assuming that the system encoder 1210 has an effective coding rate of 0.95, the overall effective coding rate of the system is (1296*0.95+409)/1944=0.8437.

As described above, the punctured coded character bit 1252 can be regarded as erasure and thus restored or corrected via the conventional LDPC decoding process using the same LDPC code as the system encoder 1220. Therefore, the stream 1100 described above with respect to FIGS. 11A and 11B can be used to decode the punctured coded characters 1250. Specifically, the system decoder 1116 may use the same LDPC code used by the system encoder 1220 to decode the received coded character 1114. In addition, the shaping decoder 1126 may use the same preamble encoding table used by the shaping encoder 1210 to decode (or de-shape) the amplitude-shaped bits 1118.

15 illustrates a flowchart illustrating an example process 1500 for wireless communication to support amplitude shaping, according to some implementations. In some implementations, the process 1500 may be performed by a wireless communication device operating as a network node (such as one of the STA 104 or STA 504 described above with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 5B, respectively) or within the network node . In some other implementations, the process 1500 may be performed by a wireless communication device operating as an AP (such as one of the AP 102 or the AP 502 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 5A, respectively) or operating within the AP.

In some implementations, the process 1500 begins in block 1502 with the following operations: performing a first encoding operation on a plurality of information bits, the first encoding operation generating a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits. In some implementations, the first encoding operation has an effective encoding rate greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than 1. In some implementations, the first encoding operation is not performed on the plurality of unshaped information bits, and the M bits of each code block also include one or more unshaped information bits in the plurality of unshaped information bits.

In some implementations, the execution of the first encoding operation includes: selecting a bit value pattern that matches a subset of information bits from the LUT, where the LUT stores the corresponding bit patterns corresponding to the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits. A plurality of bit value patterns, and the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits include an amplitude-shaped bit pattern corresponding to the selected bit value pattern. In some aspects, each amplitude-shaped bit pattern of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns may represent a corresponding amplitude level based on the probability of occurrence of PMF. In some other aspects, each amplitude-shaped bit pattern of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns may represent two or more amplitude levels with a probability of occurrence based on PMF.

In block 1504, the process 1500 continues to perform the following operations: arrange a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits into a plurality of code blocks, where each code block has a number (M) bits, and the number (M) bits It includes one or more amplitude-shaped bits among the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits. In block 1506, the process 1500 continues with the following operations: a second encoding operation is performed on a plurality of code blocks, and the second encoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding coded characters, wherein each coded character has a number (L) of bits This number (L) bits includes one or more amplitude-shaped bits of the corresponding code block and one or more parity bits generated by the second encoding operation, where M/L>5/6 . In some implementations, M/L=7/8. In some implementations, the second encoding operation is based on LDPC codes. In some aspects, the LDPC code may have an encoding rate equal to 7/8. In some other aspects, the LDPC code may have an encoding rate equal to 5/6.

In some implementations, the execution of the second encoding operation includes: encoding the M bits of each code block into a corresponding number (N) of coded character bits based on the LDPC code; and combining with each code block The associated (K) coded character bits are punctured so that L=NK. In some aspects, M=1620, N=1944, and K≥90. In some other aspects, M=1701, N=2106, and K=162. In some implementations, puncturing is not performed on a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits.

In block 1508, the process 1500 continues with the following operations: arranging one or more amplitude-shaped bits and one or more parity bits of each of the plurality of code characters into a plurality of symbols, where Each symbol has an amplitude based on the corresponding amplitude-shaped bits arranged in the symbol, and wherein the first encoding operation generates a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits such that the amplitudes of the plurality of symbols have a non-uniform distribution. In block 1510, the process 1500 continues with the following operations: sending a wireless packet including a plurality of symbols to at least one receiving device.

Figure 16 illustrates a flowchart illustrating an example process 1600 for wireless communication to support amplitude shaping according to some implementations. In some implementations, the process 1600 may be performed by a wireless communication device operating as a network node (such as one of the STA 104 or STA 504 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 5B, respectively) or within the network node . In some other implementations, the process 1600 may be performed by a wireless communication device operating as an AP (such as one of the AP 102 or the AP 502 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 5A, respectively) or operating within the AP.

In some implementations, the process 1600 begins with the following operations in block 1602: receiving a wireless packet, the wireless packet including a plurality of symbols having a plurality of amplitudes, wherein the plurality of symbols represent a plurality of coded character bits, and wherein the plurality of Each amplitude has a non-uniform distribution. In block 1604, the process 1600 continues with the following operations: arranging a plurality of coded character bits into a plurality of code blocks, where each code block includes a number (L) of coded character bits. In block 1606, the process 1600 continues with the following operations: a first decoding operation is performed on a plurality of code blocks, and the first decoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding coded characters, wherein each coded character has a number (M) of bits The number of (M) bits includes a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits and a plurality of parity bits, where M/L>5/6, and the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of each coded character Indicates the amplitude of the corresponding symbol among the plurality of symbols. In some implementations, M/L=7/8. In some implementations, the first decoding operation is based on LDPC codes. In some aspects, the LDPC code has an encoding rate equal to 7/8. In some other aspects, the LDPC code has an encoding rate equal to 5/6.

In block 1608, the process 1600 continues with the following operations: A second decoding operation is performed on the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of each coded character, and the second decoding operation is for each coded character of the plurality of coded characters. Generate a plurality of corresponding de-shaping bits. In some implementations, the second decoding operation reverses the preamble encoding operation, which has an effective coding rate greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than one. In some implementations, the execution of the second decoding operation includes: selecting from the LUT a de-shaped bit pattern that matches a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of a corresponding coded character in the plurality of coded characters, where the LUT A plurality of de-shaping bit patterns corresponding to the corresponding plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns are stored, and the plurality of de-shaping bits include the selected de-shaping bit pattern. In some aspects, each amplitude-shaped bit pattern of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns may represent a corresponding amplitude of the plurality of amplitudes based on the probability of occurrence of PMF. In some other aspects, each amplitude-shaped bit pattern of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns represents two or more amplitudes of the plurality of amplitudes based on the probability of occurrence of PMF.

Figure 17 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless communication device 1700 according to some implementations. In some implementations, the wireless communication device 1700 is configured to perform the process 1500 described above with reference to FIG. 15. The wireless communication device 1700 may be an example implementation of the wireless communication device 400 described above with reference to FIG. 4. For example, the wireless communication device 1700 may be a chip, SoC, chipset, package, or device including at least one processor and at least one modem (for example, a Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) modem or a cellular modem).

The wireless communication device 1700 includes a receiving part 1710, a communication manager 1720, and a sending part 1730. The communication manager 1720 also includes a pulse amplitude coding component 1722, a code block configuration component 1724, a system coding component 1726, and a symbol configuration component 1728. Parts of one or more of the components 1722-1728 may be implemented at least partially in hardware or firmware. In some implementations, at least some of the components 1722-1728 are at least partially implemented as software stored in memory (such as memory 408). For example, portions of one or more of the components 1722-1728 may be implemented as non-transitory instructions (or “code”) that can be executed by a processor (such as the processor 406) to perform the function or operation of the corresponding component.

The receiving component 1710 is configured to receive RX signals from one or more other wireless communication devices on the wireless channel. The communication manager 1720 is configured to control or manage communication with one or more other wireless communication devices. In some implementations, the pulse amplitude encoding component 1722 can perform a first encoding operation on a plurality of information bits, and the first encoding operation generates a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits; the code block configuration component 1724 can perform a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits. The shaping bits are arranged into a plurality of code blocks, where each code block has a number (M) of bits, and the number (M) of bits includes one or more of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits that have been amplitude-shaped Bit; the system coding component 1726 can perform a second coding operation on a plurality of code blocks, and the second coding operation generates a plurality of corresponding coded characters, wherein each coded character has a number (L) of bits, the The equal number (L) bits include one or more amplitude-shaped bits of the corresponding code block and one or more parity bits generated by the second encoding operation, where M/L>5/6; and the sign The configuration unit 1728 can arrange one or more amplitude-shaped bits and one or more parity bits of each of the plurality of encoded characters into a plurality of symbols, wherein each symbol has a symbol based on the symbol And the first encoding operation generates a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits, so that the amplitudes of the plurality of symbols have a non-uniform distribution. The sending part 1730 is configured to send TX signals to one or more other wireless communication devices. In some implementations, the TX signal may include a wireless packet including a plurality of symbols.

Figure 18 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless communication device 1800 according to some implementations. In some implementations, the wireless communication device 1800 is configured to perform the process 1600 described above with reference to FIG. 16. The wireless communication device 1800 may be an example implementation of the wireless communication device 400 described above with reference to FIG. 4. For example, the wireless communication device 1800 may be a chip, SoC, chipset, package, or device including at least one processor and at least one modem (for example, a Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) modem or a cellular modem).

The wireless communication device 1800 includes a receiving part 1810, a communication manager 1820, and a sending part 1830. The communication manager 1820 also includes a code block configuration part 1822, a system decoding part 1824, and a pulse amplitude decoding part 1826. Portions of one or more of the components 1822-1826 may be implemented at least partially in hardware or firmware. In some implementations, at least some of the components 1822-1826 are at least partially implemented as software stored in memory (such as memory 408). For example, parts of one or more of the components 1822-1826 may be implemented as non-transitory instructions (or “code”) that can be executed by a processor (such as the processor 406) to perform the function or operation of the corresponding component.

The receiving component 1810 is configured to receive RX signals from one or more other wireless communication devices on the wireless channel. In some implementations, the RX signal may include a wireless packet including a plurality of symbols having a plurality of amplitudes, wherein the plurality of symbols represent a plurality of coded character bits, and wherein the plurality of amplitudes have a non-uniform distribution. The communication manager 1820 is configured to control or manage communication with one or more other wireless communication devices. In some implementations, the code block configuration component 1822 can arrange a plurality of coded character bits into a plurality of code blocks, where each code block includes a number (L) of coded character bits; the system decoding component 1824 can Perform a first decoding operation on a plurality of code blocks, and the first decoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding coded characters, wherein each coded character has a number (M) of bits, and the number (M) of bits includes A plurality of amplitude-shaped bits and a plurality of parity bits, where M/L>5/6; and the pulse amplitude decoding component 1826 can perform the second decoding operation on the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of each coded character , The second decoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding de-shaping bits for each of the plurality of coded characters. The sending component 1830 is configured to send TX signals to one or more other wireless communication devices.

Examples of implementation methods are described in the following numbered clauses: 1. A method for wireless communication by a wireless communication device, the method comprising the following steps: Performing a first encoding operation on a plurality of information bits, and the first encoding operation generates a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits; Arrange the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits into a plurality of code blocks, and each code block has a number (M) of bits, and the number (M) bits include one of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits. Or multiple amplitude-shaped bits; Perform a second encoding operation on the plurality of code blocks, the second encoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding coded characters, each coded character has a number (L) of bits, and the number (L) of bits includes The one or more amplitude-shaped bits of the corresponding code block and the one or more parity bits generated by the second encoding operation, where M/L>5/6; Arranging the one or more amplitude-shaped bits and the one or more parity bits of each of the plurality of coded characters into a plurality of symbols, and each symbol has a symbol based on the arrangement in the symbol The amplitude of the corresponding amplitude-shaped bit element of, the first encoding operation generates the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits, so that the amplitude of the plurality of symbols has a non-uniform distribution; and Send a wireless packet including the plurality of symbols to at least one receiving device. 2. The method as described in clause 1, wherein M/L=7/8. 3. The method as described in any of clauses 1 or 2, wherein the first encoding operation has an effective encoding rate greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than 1. 4. The method according to any of the clauses 1-3, wherein the execution of the first encoding operation includes the following steps: Select the bit value pattern that matches the subset of the information bit from the look-up table (LUT), and the LUT stores a plurality of bit value patterns corresponding to the corresponding plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns, The plurality of amplitude-shaped bits includes an amplitude-shaped bit pattern corresponding to the selected bit value pattern. 5. The method according to any of the clauses 1-4, wherein each amplitude-shaped bit pattern in the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns represents a corresponding probability of occurrence based on a probability quality function (PMF) Amplitude level. 6. The method according to any of the clauses 1-4, wherein each of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns represents two or more amplitudes with a probability of occurrence based on PMF Level. 7. The method described in any of the clauses 1-6, wherein the first encoding operation is not performed on a plurality of unshaped information bits, and the M bits of each code block also include the plurality of unshaped information bits One or more unshaped information bits in the bit. 8. The method as described in any of the clauses 1-7, wherein the second encoding operation is based on a low-density parity (LDPC) code. 9. The method as described in any of clauses 1-8, wherein the LDPC code has a coding rate equal to 7/8. 10. The method as described in any of clauses 1-8, wherein the LDPC code has a coding rate equal to 5/6. 11. The method according to any of clauses 1-8 or clause 10, wherein the execution of the second encoding operation includes the following steps: Based on the LDPC code, encode the M bits of each code block into corresponding (N) coded character bits; and A number of (K) coded character bits associated with each code block are punctured so that L=N-K. 12. The method as described in any of clauses 1-8, clause 10, or clause 11, wherein the puncturing is not performed on the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits. 13. The method as described in any of clauses 1-8 or clauses 10-12, wherein M=1620, N=1944, and K≥90. 14. The method as described in any of clauses 1-8 or clauses 10-12, wherein M=1701, N=2106, and K=162. 15. A wireless communication device, which includes: At least one modem; At least one processor communicatively coupled with the at least one modem; and At least one memory, which is communicatively coupled with the at least one processor and stores processor-readable code, the processor-readable code when executed by the at least one processor in combination with the at least one modem, is configured to execute The method described in any one or more of clauses 1-14. 16. A method for wireless communication by a wireless communication device, the method comprising the following steps: Receiving a wireless packet, the wireless packet including a plurality of symbols having a plurality of amplitudes, the plurality of symbols representing a plurality of coded character bits, and the plurality of amplitudes having a non-uniform distribution; Arranging the plurality of coded character bits into a plurality of code blocks, and each code block includes a number (L) of coded character bits; Perform a first decoding operation on the plurality of code blocks, the first decoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding coded characters, each coded character has a number (M) of bits, and the number (M) of bits includes A plurality of amplitude-shaped bits and a plurality of parity bits, where M/L>5/6, the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of each coded character indicate the amplitude of the corresponding symbol in the plurality of symbols ;and A second decoding operation is performed on the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of each coded character, and the second decoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding de-shaped bits for each of the plurality of coded characters. 17. The method according to Clause 16, wherein M/L=7/8. 18. The method of any of clause 16 or clause 17, wherein the first decoding operation is based on a low-density parity (LDPC) code. 19. The method as described in any of clauses 16-18, wherein the LDPC code has a coding rate equal to 7/8. 20. The method as described in any of clauses 16-18, wherein the LDPC code has a coding rate equal to 5/6. 21. The method of any of clauses 16-20, wherein the second decoding operation reverses a preamble encoding operation, the preamble encoding operation having an effective coding rate greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than 1. 22. The method according to any of the clauses 16-21, wherein the execution of the second decoding operation includes the following steps: From the look-up table (LUT), select the de-shaped bit pattern that matches the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of the corresponding coded character in the plurality of coded characters, and the LUT stores the corresponding plurality of coded characters. A plurality of de-shaping bit patterns corresponding to the amplitude shaping bit pattern, and the plurality of de-shaping bits include the selected de-shaping bit pattern. 23. The method of any of clauses 16-22, wherein each amplitude-shaped bit pattern of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns represents the complex number with a probability of occurrence based on a probability quality function (PMF) The corresponding amplitude of the amplitudes. 24. The method according to any of clauses 16-22, wherein each amplitude-shaped bit pattern of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns represents two of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns having a probability of occurrence based on PMF Or more amplitudes. 25. A wireless communication device, comprising: At least one modem; At least one processor communicatively coupled with the at least one modem; and At least one memory, which is communicatively coupled with the at least one processor and stores processor-readable code, the processor-readable code when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configured to execute The method described in any one or more of clauses 16-24.

As used herein, phrases referring to "at least one of" or "one or more of" a list of items refer to any combination of those items, including individual members. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover the following possibilities: only a, only b, only c, a combination of a and b, a combination of a and c, a combination of b and c, and a and combination of b and c

Various illustrative components, logic, logic blocks, modules, circuits, operations, and algorithm processes described in combination with the implementation methods disclosed in this article can be implemented as electronic hardware, firmware, software, or hardware, firmware Or a combination of software, including the structure disclosed in this specification and its structure equivalents. The interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software has been described as a whole around the function and in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes described above. Whether this function is implemented by hardware, firmware, or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the entire system.

Various modifications to the implementation described in this disclosure may be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined in this article can be applied to other implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Way. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the implementations illustrated in this article, but are to be given the widest scope consistent with the present disclosure, the principles and novel features disclosed in this article.

In addition, various features described in the context of separate implementations in this specification can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations individually or in any suitable subcombination. In addition, although the above may describe features as taking action in a particular combination, and even as originally claimed as such, one or more features from the claimed combination may in some cases be removed from the combination, and The claimed combinations can be directed to sub-combinations or variants of sub-combinations.

Similarly, although operations are depicted in a specific order in the drawings, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the specific order illustrated or in a sequential order, or that all the operations shown are performed, to achieve the desired the result of. In addition, the drawings may schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of flowcharts or schematic flow diagrams. However, other operations that are not depicted may be incorporated in the example process shown schematically. For example, one or more additional operations may be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the operations shown. In some cases, multiplexing and parallel processing may be advantageous. In addition, the separation of various system components in the implementations described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that the program components and systems described can usually be together Integrated in a single software product, or packaged in multiple software products.

100: wireless communication network 102: Access point (AP) 104: Station (STA) 106: coverage area 108: Communication link 110: Direct wireless link 200: Protocol Data Unit (PDU) 202: PHY preamble signal 204: PHY payload 206: Traditional Short Training Field (L-STF) 208: Traditional Long Training Field (L-LTF) 210: Traditional signal field (L-SIG) 212: Non-traditional fields 214: Data field (DATA) 222: Data rate field 224: Reserved 226: length field 228: Parity 230: tail column 350: PDU 352: Traditional part 354: Non-traditional part 356: PHY payload 358: L-STF 360: L-LTF 362: L-SIG 364: Traditional signal field (RL-SIG) 366: The first HE signal field (HE-SIG-A) 368: The second HE signal field (HE-SIG-B) 370: HE short training field (HE-STF) 372: HE long training field (HE-LTF) 374: DATA field 400: wireless communication equipment 402: Modem 404: Radio unit 406: processor 408: Memory 502: AP 504:STA 510: Wireless Communication Equipment (WCD) 515: wireless communication equipment 520: Antenna 525: Antenna 530: application processor 535: Application Processor 540: Memory 545: memory 550: External network interface 555: User Interface (UI) 565: display 575: Sensor 600: process 602: Block 604: Block 606: Block 608: Block 700: stream 702: Information Block 704: parser before shaping 706a: MSB 706b: LSB 708: Sign bit 710: Shaping encoder 712: Amplitude Shaping Bits 714: Birth signal transfer bit 716: second encoder 718: code character 720: encoded data bits 722: Parity 724: Sorting (or "re-sequencing") module 726: Symbol 728: Cluster Mapper 730: Plural representation 732: Modulator 734: Modulated symbol 800: distribution 802: lowest frequency band 804: The second lowest frequency band 806: The second highest frequency band 808: The highest frequency band 900: LUT 902a: OK 902b: OK 902c: OK 902d: OK 902e: OK 902f: OK 902g: OK 902h: OK 1000: process 1002: block 1004: block 1006: block 1008: block 1100: stream 1102: wireless packet 1104: demodulator 1106: plural representation 1108: Cluster Reverse Mapper 1110: demodulated symbol 1112: Reorder modules 1114: code character 1116: the first decoder 1118: Amplitude shaping bit 1120: Decoded LSB 1122: decoded sign bit 1124: Decoded signal transfer bits 1126: Shaping decoder 1128: De-shaped amplitude bit 1130: Go to the parser 1132: Information block 1200: stream 1202: Information block 1204: bit 1210: Shaping encoder 1212: Amplitude shaping bit 1220: System encoder 1230: code character 1232: system part 1234: same part 1240: Encoding character hole punch 1250: Punched coded characters 1252: Punched bit 1300: Parity Check Matrix 1400: cyclic permutation matrix 1410: cyclic permutation matrix 1420: cyclic permutation matrix 1500: process 1502: block 1504: Block 1506: block 1508: Cube 1510: Block 1600: process 1602: Block 1604: Block 1606: Block 1608: Cube 1700: wireless communication equipment 1710: receiving parts 1720: Communication Manager 1722: Components for pulse amplitude coding 1724: Code block configuration part 1726: Components for system coding 1728: Symbol configuration parts 1730: Send parts 1800: wireless communication equipment 1810: receiving parts 1820: Communication Manager 1822: Code block configuration component 1824: Components for system decoding 1826: Components for pulse amplitude decoding 1830: Send parts

The details of one or more implementations of the subject described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the following description. According to the specification, drawings and claims, other features, aspects and advantages will become obvious. It should be noted that the relative dimensions of the following drawings may not be drawn to scale.

Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example wireless communication network.

Figure 2A illustrates an example protocol data unit (PDU) that can be used for communication between an access point (AP) and a number of stations (STA).

Figure 2B illustrates an example field in the PDU of Figure 2A.

Figure 3 illustrates another example PDU that can be used for communication between an AP and several STAs.

Figure 4 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless communication device.

Figure 5A illustrates a block diagram of an example access point (AP).

Figure 5B illustrates a block diagram of an example station (STA).

Figure 6 illustrates a flowchart illustrating an example process for supporting amplitude shaping wireless communication according to some implementations.

7A and 7B illustrate schematic diagrams of streams supporting amplitude shaping according to some implementations.

8A to 8D illustrate example distributions of amplitude values that support amplitude shaping according to some implementations.

Figure 9 illustrates an example lookup table (LUT) supporting amplitude shaping according to some implementations.

FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart illustrating an example process for wireless communication supporting amplitude shaping according to some implementations.

11A and 11B illustrate schematic diagrams of streams supporting amplitude shaping according to some implementations.

FIG. 12 illustrates another schematic diagram of a stream supporting amplitude shaping according to some implementations.

Figure 13 illustrates an example parity matrix for low density parity (LDPC) codes according to some implementations.

14A to 14C illustrate example cyclic permutation matrices.

Figure 15 illustrates a flowchart illustrating an example process for supporting amplitude shaping wireless communication according to some implementations.

Figure 16 illustrates a flowchart illustrating an example process for supporting amplitude shaping wireless communication according to some implementations.

Figure 17 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless communication device according to some implementations.

Figure 18 illustrates a block diagram of an example wireless communication device according to some implementations.

Similar element symbols and names in the various figures indicate similar elements.

Domestic deposit information (please note in the order of deposit institution, date and number) none Foreign hosting information (please note in the order of hosting country, institution, date, and number) none

1200: stream

1202: Information block

1204: bit

1210: Shaping encoder

1212: Amplitude shaping bit

1220: System encoder

1230: code character

1232: system part

1234: same part

1240: Encoding character hole punch

1250: Punched coded characters

1252: Punched bit

Claims (34)

A method for wireless communication performed by a wireless communication device. The method includes the following steps: Performing a first encoding operation on a plurality of information bits, and the first encoding operation generates a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits; Arrange the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits into a plurality of code blocks, each code block has a number (M) of bits, the number (M) bits include one of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits Or multiple amplitude-shaped bits; Perform a second encoding operation on the plurality of code blocks, the second encoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding coded characters, each coded character has a number (L) of bits, the number (L) of bits Including the one or more amplitude-shaped bits of the corresponding code block and one or more parity bits generated by the second encoding operation, where M/L>5/6; Arranging the one or more amplitude-shaped bits and the one or more parity bits of each of the plurality of coded characters into a plurality of symbols, and each symbol has a symbol based on the arrangement in the symbol An amplitude of the corresponding amplitude-shaped bits, the first encoding operation generates the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits, so that the amplitudes of the plurality of symbols have a non-uniform distribution; and Send a wireless packet including the plurality of symbols to at least one receiving device. The method described in claim 1, wherein M/L=7/8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first encoding operation has an effective encoding rate greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than 1. The method according to claim 1, wherein the execution of the first encoding operation includes the following steps: Select a bit value pattern that matches a subset of the information bits from a look-up table (LUT), and the LUT stores a plurality of bits corresponding to the corresponding plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns Value mode, the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits include the amplitude-shaped bit mode corresponding to the selected bit value mode. The method according to claim 4, wherein each amplitude-shaped bit pattern of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns represents a corresponding amplitude level with a probability of occurrence based on a probability quality function (PMF) . The method according to claim 4, wherein each amplitude-shaped bit pattern of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns represents two or more amplitude levels with a probability of occurrence based on a PMF. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first encoding operation is not performed on a plurality of unshaped information bits, and the M bits of each code block also include one or one of the plurality of unshaped information bits Multiple unshaped information bits. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second encoding operation is based on a low density parity (LDPC) code. The method according to claim 8, wherein the LDPC code has an encoding rate equal to 7/8. The method according to claim 8, wherein the LDPC code has an encoding rate equal to 5/6. The method according to claim 8, wherein the execution of the second encoding operation includes the following steps: Based on the LDPC code, encode the M bits of each code block into corresponding (N) coded character bits; and A number of (K) coded character bits associated with each code block are punctured so that L=N-K. The method according to claim 9, wherein the puncturing is not performed on the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits. The method according to claim 9, wherein M=1620, N=1944, and K≥90. The method according to claim 9, wherein M=1701, N=2106, and K=162. A wireless communication device, which includes: At least one modem; At least one processor communicatively coupled with the at least one modem; and At least one memory, which is communicatively coupled with the at least one processor and stores processor-readable code, the processor-readable code being configured to perform the following operations when executed by the at least one processor in combination with the at least one modem : Performing a first encoding operation on a plurality of information bits, and the first encoding operation generates a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits; Arrange the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits into a plurality of code blocks, each code block has a number (M) of bits, and the number (M) bits include one of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits. Or multiple amplitude-shaped bits; Perform a second encoding operation on the plurality of code blocks, the second encoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding coded characters, each coded character has a number (L) bits, the number (L) bits Including the one or more amplitude-shaped bits of the corresponding code block and one or more parity bits generated by the second encoding operation, where M/L>5/6; Arranging the one or more amplitude-shaped bits and the one or more parity bits of each of the plurality of coded characters into a plurality of symbols, and each symbol has a symbol based on the arrangement in the symbol An amplitude of the corresponding amplitude-shaped bits, the first encoding operation generates the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits, so that the amplitudes of the plurality of symbols have a non-uniform distribution; and Send a wireless packet including the plurality of symbols to at least one receiving device. The wireless communication device according to claim 15, wherein M/L=7/8. The wireless communication device according to claim 15, wherein the first encoding operation has an effective encoding rate greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than 1. The wireless communication device according to claim 15, wherein the execution of the first encoding operation includes: Select a bit value pattern that matches a subset of the information bits from a lookup table (LUT), and the LUT stores a plurality of bits corresponding to the corresponding plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns Value mode, the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits include the amplitude-shaped bit mode corresponding to the selected bit value mode. The wireless communication device according to claim 15, wherein the execution of the second encoding operation includes: Based on a low-density parity (LDPC) code to encode the M bits of each code block into corresponding (N) coded character bits; and A number of (K) coded character bits associated with each code block are punctured so that L=N-K. The wireless communication device according to claim 19, wherein the puncturing is not performed on the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits. A method for wireless communication by a wireless communication device. The method includes the following steps: Receiving a wireless packet, the wireless packet including a plurality of symbols having a plurality of amplitudes, the plurality of symbols representing a plurality of coded character bits, and the plurality of amplitudes having a non-uniform distribution; Arranging the plurality of coded character bits into a plurality of code blocks, and each code block includes a number (L) of coded character bits; Perform a first decoding operation on the plurality of code blocks, the first decoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding coded characters, each coded character has a number (M) bits, the number (M) bits Including a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits and a plurality of parity bits, where M/L>5/6, the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of each coded character indicates the value of a corresponding symbol in the plurality of symbols The amplitude; and Perform a second decoding operation on the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of each coded character, and the second decoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding de-shaped bits for each of the plurality of coded characters . The method described in claim 21, wherein M/L=7/8. The method according to claim 21, wherein the first decoding operation is based on a low density parity (LDPC) code. The method according to claim 23, wherein the LDPC code has an encoding rate equal to 7/8. The method according to claim 23, wherein the LDPC code has an encoding rate equal to 5/6. The method according to claim 21, wherein the second decoding operation reverses a preamble encoding operation, and the preamble encoding operation has an effective coding rate greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than 1. The method according to claim 21, wherein the execution of the second decoding operation includes the following steps: A de-shaped bit pattern that matches the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of a corresponding one of the plurality of coded characters is selected from a look-up table (LUT), and the LUT stores the corresponding A plurality of de-shaping bit patterns corresponding to the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns, and the plurality of de-shaping bits include the selected de-shaping bit pattern. The method according to claim 27, wherein each amplitude-shaped bit pattern of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns represents the amplitude of the plurality of amplitudes with a probability of occurrence based on a probability quality function (PMF) A corresponding amplitude. The method according to claim 27, wherein each of the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns represents two or more of the plurality of amplitudes with a probability of occurrence based on a PMF Amplitude. A wireless communication device, including: At least one modem; At least one processor communicatively coupled with the at least one modem; and At least one memory, which is communicatively coupled with the at least one processor and stores processor-readable code, the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processor in combination with the at least one modem, is configured to: Receiving a wireless packet, the wireless packet including a plurality of symbols having a plurality of amplitudes, the plurality of symbols representing a plurality of coded character bits, and the plurality of amplitudes having a non-uniform distribution; Arranging the plurality of coded character bits into a plurality of code blocks, and each code block includes a number (L) of coded character bits; Perform a first decoding operation on the plurality of code blocks, the first decoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding coded characters, each coded character has a number (M) bits, the number (M) bits Including a plurality of amplitude-shaped bits and a plurality of parity bits, where M/L>5/6, the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of each coded character indicates the value of a corresponding symbol in the plurality of symbols The amplitude; and Perform a second decoding operation on the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of each coded character, and the second decoding operation generates a plurality of corresponding de-shaped bits for each of the plurality of coded characters . The wireless communication device according to claim 30, wherein M/L=7/8. The wireless communication device according to claim 30, wherein the first decoding operation is based on a low-density parity (LDPC) code. The wireless communication device according to claim 30, wherein the second decoding operation reverses a preamble encoding operation, and the preamble encoding operation has an effective coding rate greater than or equal to 0.5 and less than 1. The wireless communication device according to claim 30, wherein the execution of the second decoding operation includes: A de-shaped bit pattern that matches the plurality of amplitude-shaped bits of a corresponding one of the plurality of coded characters is selected from a look-up table (LUT), and the LUT stores the corresponding A plurality of de-shaping bit patterns corresponding to the plurality of amplitude-shaped bit patterns, and the plurality of de-shaping bits include the selected de-shaping bit pattern.

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