TW202140998A - Optical device and prism module thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A prism module includes a first prism and a second prism. The first prism includes a first surface, a second surface, a third surface and a fourth surface. The second prism includes a fifth surface, a sixth surface and a seventh surface, wherein the seventh surface of the second prism is adjacent to the third surface of the first prism. A first light beam emitted by an object passes through the prism module, and the first light beam before entering the prism module and the first light beam after leaving the prism module are non-coaxial. The invention further provides an optical device including an object module, the above-described prism module and an ocular module.

Description

Optical device and its optical module

The present invention relates to an optical device and its optical module, in particular to a laser rangefinder and its optical module.

Please refer to Fig. 1, the conventional rangefinder 10 includes an objective lens group (not shown), an optical module 11, an organic light emitting diode 12, a light emitter 13, and a light receiver (not shown) (Shown) and an eyepiece set (not shown). The lens module 11 is arranged between the objective lens group and the eyepiece lens group, and includes a first lens 14, a second lens 15, and a third lens 16, wherein the first lens 14 is attached to The second ridge 15 is, and the third ridge 16 is adjacent to the second ridge 15. The organic light emitting diode 12 and the light emitter 13 are arranged on the side close to the first beam 14. Among them, the second 稜鏡15 and the third 稜鏡16 form a Biehan 稜鏡 group.

During operation, a first light beam A emitted by an object (not shown) sequentially passes through the objective lens group, the second lens 15, the third lens 16 and the eyepiece group for the user to view the image of the object . A second light beam B emitted by the organic light emitting diode 12 is reflected by a mirror 17, and passes through the first beam 14, the second beam 15, the third beam 16 and the eyepiece group in order for use The viewer watches the image information generated by the organic light-emitting diode 12 and the crosshairs. A third light beam C emitted by the light transmitter 13 reaches the object through the other mirror 18, the first lens 14, the second lens 15 and the objective lens group, and is reflected by the object back to the light receiver, In order to calculate the distance of the object from the rangefinder 10.

In the above structure, the Biehan 稜鏡 group in the 稜鏡 module 11 (by the second 稜鏡 15 It is composed of the third lens 16) generally has the problem of light leakage, which affects the imaging quality of the rangefinder 10 equipped with the lens module 11. Since the spine module 11 has a larger size in the Y direction as shown in FIG. 1, the size of the rangefinder 10 equipped with the spine module 11 is too large. If the objective lens group and the eyepiece group in the rangefinder 10 are designed to be non-coaxial, the lens module 11 will have a larger volume, resulting in a larger volume of the rangefinder 10 equipped with the lens module 11 . The second light beam B is reflected more times when it passes through the beam module 11, which causes the brightness of the image generated by the organic light emitting diode 12 to be reduced. In addition, the effective diameter of the third light beam C emitted by the optical transceiver 13 and the effective diameter of the second light beam B emitted by the organic light emitting diode 12 interfere with each other, resulting in the energy of the third light beam C emitted by the optical transceiver 13 Weaken.

In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide an optical device-range finder, which reduces the volume and improves the image quality by using the novel structure of the 頜鏡 module, while ensuring the brightness and light emission of the image generated by the display unit The energy of the beam emitted by the detector is sufficiently high.

One of the embodiments of the present invention has a scallop module, which includes a first scallop, a second scallop, and a first film. The first face includes a first face, a second face, a third face, and a fourth face, wherein the fourth face is adjacent to the second face and the first face respectively, and the first face is respectively adjacent to the first face Adjacent to the four sides and the third side. The second ridge includes a fifth side, a sixth side, and a seventh side, wherein the seventh side of the second ridge is adjacent to the third side of the first ridge. The first film is arranged between the third surface and the seventh surface. Wherein, a first light beam emitted by an object enters the first beam from the first surface, is sequentially reflected by the second surface and the third surface, and leaves the first beam from the fourth surface, The first light beam is reflected by the first film and travels to the fourth surface.

In another embodiment, an optical device includes an objective lens group, an above-mentioned ridge module and an eyepiece group, wherein the first ridge is a pentagonal roof ridge; wherein the first film is formed on the first The third side of the 稜鏡, wherein the fifth side of the second 稜鏡 is adjacent to the seventh surface. The edge The lens module is arranged between the objective lens group and the eyepiece group, the first light beam sequentially passes through the objective lens group, the prism module and the eyepiece group, and a central axis of the objective lens group and one of the eyepiece group The central axes are parallel to each other without overlapping.

In another embodiment, an optical device includes an objective lens group, a lens module, and an eyepiece group. The mold module includes a first mold, a second mold, and a first film. The first face includes a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side. The second ridge includes a fifth side, a sixth side, and a seventh side, wherein the seventh side of the second ridge is adjacent to the third side of the first ridge. The first film is arranged between the third surface and the seventh surface. A first beam emitted by an object enters the first beam from the first surface, is sequentially reflected by the second surface and the third surface, and leaves the first beam from the fourth surface, wherein the The first light beam is reflected by the first film and travels to the fourth surface. The lens module is disposed between the objective lens group and the eyepiece group, the first light beam sequentially passes through the objective lens group, the lens module and the eyepiece group, and a central axis of the objective lens group and the eyepiece group One of the central axes is parallel to each other without overlapping.

In another embodiment, the optical device further includes a first reflecting unit, which is disposed on one side of the first surface of the first beam, wherein the first light beam passes through the objective lens group and is reflected by the first The unit reflects to the module.

In another embodiment, the optical device further includes a display unit for emitting a second light beam, wherein the second light beam enters the second beam from the fifth surface and is reflected by the sixth surface. The sequence enters the first ridge through the seventh side and the third side, leaves the first ridge from the fourth side, and passes through the eyepiece group.

In another embodiment, the optical device further includes a second film, and the first film is formed on the third surface of the first beam and used for reflecting the first light beam and allowing the second light beam to pass through the first light beam. A film, and the second film is formed on the sixth surface of the second beam and used to reflect the second light beam.

In another embodiment, the optical device further includes a second reflection unit and a lens unit, wherein the second reflection unit is disposed on one side of the fifth surface of the second ridge, the display unit, the The lens unit and the second reflection unit are arranged in sequence along an axis parallel to the fifth surface of the second mirror, and the second light beam passes through the lens unit and is reflected by the second reflection unit to the mirror mold Group.

In another embodiment, the optical device further includes a light emitter and a light receiver, wherein the light emitter is used for emitting a third light beam, and the light receiver is used for receiving the third light beam reflected by the object. Beam to calculate the distance between the object and the optical device. Wherein, when the light emitter is arranged on one side of the sixth surface of the second beam, the third light beam enters the second beam from the sixth surface, and sequentially passes through the seventh surface and the first beam. Three sides enter the first ridge, are reflected by the second side, and leave the first ridge from the first side, pass through the objective lens group, leave the optical device to reach the object, and are reflected by the object and back again To the optical device and received by the light receiver. Wherein, when the light receiver is arranged on one side of the sixth surface of the second beam, the third light beam passes through the objective lens group, leaves the optical device to reach the object, is reflected by the object, and returns to The optical device again passes through the objective lens group, enters the first beam from the first surface, is reflected by the second surface, and enters the second beam through the third surface and the seventh surface in sequence, and from the The sixth side leaves the second beam and is received by the light receiver.

In another embodiment, the beam module further includes a first film and a second film. The first film is formed on the third surface of the first beam and is used to reflect the first light beam and make The third light beam passes through the first film, the second film is formed on the sixth surface of the second beam, and the third light beam passes through the second film, wherein the first light beam and the third light beam are both Will pass the first jewel.

In another embodiment, the optical device further includes a light emitter and a light receiver, wherein the light emitter is used to emit a third light beam, and the light receiver is used to receive The third light beam reflected by the object to calculate the distance between the object and the optical device. When the light emitter is arranged on one side of the sixth surface of the second beam, the third light beam enters the second beam from the sixth surface, and sequentially passes through the seventh surface and the third surface Enter the first lens, be reflected by the second surface, and leave the first lens from the first surface, pass through the objective lens group, leave the optical device to reach the object, be reflected by the object and return to the Optical device, and received by the light receiver. When the light receiver is arranged on one side of the sixth surface of the second beam, the third light beam passes through the objective lens group, leaves the optical device to reach the object, is reflected by the object and returns to the optical The device again passes through the objective lens group, enters the first beam from the first surface, is reflected by the second surface, and enters the second beam through the third surface and the seventh surface in sequence, and from the sixth surface The surface leaves the second beam and is received by the light receiver. The beam module further includes a first film and a second film. The first film is formed on the third surface of the first beam and is used for reflecting the first light beam and allowing the third light beam to pass through the The first film, and the second film is formed on the sixth surface of the second frame, and the third light beam passes through the second film, wherein the first light beam, the second light beam, and the third light beam all pass The first jerk.

10, 100: rangefinder

11, 20: 稜鏡 module

12: Organic light-emitting diode

13, 40: optical transmitter

14, 25: The first scorpion

15, 34: The second 稜鏡

16: The third round

17, 18: mirror

21: First side

22: second side

23: third side

24: Fourth side

30: display unit

31: Fifth Side

32: Sixth Side

33: Seventh side

42: Optical receiver

50: lens unit

60: The first reflection unit

70: second reflection unit

81: The first film

82: second film

92: Eyepiece group

94: Objective lens group

200: Object

A: First beam

B: second beam

C: third beam

L1, L2: central axis

L3: Shaft

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a traditional rangefinder.

Figures 2A to 2C are schematic diagrams of the structure of the rangefinder according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the rangefinder according to the first embodiment of the present invention, in which the center axis of the eyepiece group, the objective lens group, and the axis of the lens unit are marked.

The first embodiment of the optical device of the present invention is a rangefinder, which includes two optical systems. The difference between the two optical systems is only that one optical system is equipped with a light transmitter, and the other optical system is equipped with a light receiver. As for Other components and configuration methods are the same, for simplicity, Only one of the optical system matching diagrams is used for detailed description below.

Please refer to Figs. 2A~2C as part of the rangefinder 100 of the first embodiment of the present invention, which includes an objective lens group 94, a lens module 20, a display unit 30, a light emitter 40, a The lens unit 50, a first reflecting unit 60, a second reflecting unit 70, and an eyepiece group 92 (the other parts of the rangefinder 100 have the same components and configurations, the only difference is that the light transmitter 40 is changed to a light receiver 42). Wherein, a first light beam A emitted by an object 200 sequentially passes through the objective lens group 94, the lens module 20 and the eyepiece group 92, and a second light beam B emitted by the display unit 30 sequentially passes through the lens unit 50, The lens module 20 and the eyepiece group 92, a third light beam C emitted by the light emitter 40 sequentially passes through the lens module 20 and the objective lens group 94 to reach the object 200, and is reflected by the object 200 back to the rangefinder 100, and received by the optical receiver 42. With this configuration, the user can view the image of the object 200 and the image generated by the display unit 30 through the eyepiece group 92, and know the distance of the object 200 from the rangefinder 100, where the rangefinder 100 can be The binocular rangefinder can also be a monocular rangefinder. The structure and operation of the rangefinder 100 are described in detail below:

The lens module 20 is disposed between the objective lens group 94 and the eyepiece lens group 92, and includes a first lens module 25 and a second lens module 34. In the first embodiment, the first ridge 25 is a ridge pentagonal ridge, and includes a first side 21, a second side 22, a third side 23, and a fourth side 24, wherein the second side 22 A total reflection film is formed on the first surface 21 and the fourth surface 24, an anti-reflection film is formed on the first surface 21 and the fourth surface 24, and a first film 81 is formed on the third surface 23. The first film 81 is used to reflect the first light beam A while allowing The second light beam B and the third light beam C pass. The second rim 34 is half of the quintuple, and includes a fifth side 31, a sixth side 32, and a seventh side 33. An anti-reflection film is formed on the fifth side 31, and a second side is formed on the sixth side 32. The second film 82 is used to reflect the second light beam B while allowing the third light beam C to pass through.

Specifically, the fourth surface 24 of the first frame 25 faces the eyepiece group 92, the seventh surface 33 of the second frame 34 is adjacent to the third face 23 of the first frame 25, and the second frame 34 Sixth side 32 Towards the objective lens group 94. Compared with the conventional scallop module, the scallop module 20 of the present invention has a direction parallel to the fourth surface 24 of the first scallop 25 (or the Y direction as shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C) Smaller size. Since the other-handed scallop module is not used in the structure, the scalloped module 20 of the present invention can avoid light leakage better than the conventional scalloped module. With such a configuration, it can be ensured that the rangefinder 100 equipped with the lens module 20 can obtain a smaller volume and a better imaging quality. As shown in Figures 2A to 2C, the first reflecting unit 60 is disposed on the side of the first surface 21 of the first beam 25, and the light emitter 40 is disposed on the side of the sixth surface 32 of the second beam 34 , And the second reflecting unit 70 is disposed on one side of the fifth surface 31 of the second frame 34. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the display unit 30, the lens unit 50, and the second reflection unit 70 are arranged in sequence along an axis L3 parallel to the fifth surface 31 of the second frame 34, and the lens unit 50 is located in the display unit 30 Between and the second reflecting unit 70.

In the first embodiment, the first reflection unit 60 is a mirror or a turning mirror, the display unit 30 is an organic light emitting diode (OLED) or a liquid crystal display (LCD) or other display, and the first light beam A is a visible light beam. The second beam B is an image beam, and the third beam C is a laser beam or an invisible beam.

As shown in FIG. 2A, when the first light beam A emitted by the object 200 enters the rangefinder 100, the first light beam A passes through the objective lens group 94, is reflected by the first reflecting unit 60 to the 稜鏡 module 20, from The first side 21 enters the first ridge 25, is sequentially reflected by the second side 22 and the third side 23, and leaves the first ridge 25 from the fourth side 24. Eventually, the first light beam A that has exited the lens module 20 will pass through the eyepiece group 92 for the user to view the image of the object 200. It is worth noting that the first reflection unit 60 is separated from the first beam 25 by a distance, so that the first beam A before being reflected by the first reflection unit 60 and the first beam A leaving the beam module 20 are not coaxial. Therefore, the objective lens group 94 and the eyepiece lens group 92 in the rangefinder 100 can adopt a non-coaxial design without increasing the volume of the lens module 20. In other words, as shown in FIG. 3, the objective lens group 94 A central axis L2 of the eyepiece and a central axis L1 of the eyepiece group 92 are only parallel to each other without overlapping. With this setting, the rangefinder 100 (e.g. binocular rangefinder The eye size of the instrument can be reduced, and at the same time it has a smaller size.

As shown in Figure 2B, the second light beam B emitted by the display unit 30 passes through the lens unit 50, is reflected by the second reflecting unit 70 to the ridge module 20, enters the second ridge 34 from the fifth surface 31, and is The six sides 32 reflect, enter the first rim 25 through the seventh side 33 and the third side 23 in sequence, and leave the first rim 25 from the fourth side 24. Eventually, the second light beam B leaving the ridge module 20 will pass through the eyepiece group 92 for the user to view the image generated by the display unit 30. Compared with the conventional beam module, the second light beam B is reflected less times when passing through the beam module 20, so that the brightness of the image generated by the display unit 30 can be improved.

As shown in Figure 2C, the third light beam C emitted by the light emitter 40 enters the second beam 34 from the sixth surface 32, and enters the first beam 25 through the seventh surface 33 and the third surface 23 in sequence. The second surface 22 reflects and leaves the first surface 25 from the first surface 21. The third light beam C leaving the beam module 20 will be reflected by the first reflecting unit 60, pass through the objective lens group 94, and leave the rangefinder 100 to reach the object 200. Finally, the third light beam C will be reflected by the object 200 back to the rangefinder 100 and received by the light receiver 42 to calculate the distance between the object 200 and the rangefinder 100. With the help of the optical module 20, the effective diameter of the third light beam C emitted by the light emitter 40 and the effective diameter of the second light beam B emitted by the display unit 30 can be prevented from interfering with each other. Compared with the conventional beam module, the energy of the third light beam C emitted by the light emitter 40 is increased.

In the second embodiment, the positions of the optical transmitter 40 and the optical receiver 42 are interchanged. That is to say, the light receiver 42 is arranged on one side of the sixth surface 32 of the second frame 34. During operation, the third light beam C emitted by the light transmitter 40 is reflected by the object 200, and passes through the objective lens group 94 and the lens module 20 in order to reach the light receiver 42. Specifically, the third light beam C passing through the objective lens group 94 is reflected by the first reflecting unit 60, enters the first beam 25 from the first surface 21, is reflected by the second surface 22, and sequentially passes through the third surface 23 and the second surface. The seven sides 33 enter the second ridge 34, leave the second ridge 34 from the sixth side 32, and reach the light receiver 42. The light receiver 42 receives the third light beam reflected by the object 200 C, so that the distance meter can calculate the distance between the object 200 and the distance meter 100. The rest of the settings and operations are similar to those of the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

In the third embodiment, the path of the second light beam B described in FIG. 2B is not used, but instead the user directly looks at the display unit 30 to obtain its image information. As for other settings and operations, which are similar to those of the first and second embodiments, they will not be repeated here.

Wherein, the scallop module 20 basically includes the first scallop 25, including a first side 21, a second side 22, a third side 23, and a fourth side 24, and the second scallop 34 includes a fifth side 31 , The sixth side 32 and the seventh side 33, wherein the seventh side 33 of the second rim 34 is adjacent to the third side 23 of the first rim 25, and the first film 81 is provided on the first side Between the three faces 23 and the seventh face 33, the first light beam A emitted by an object 200 enters the first beam 25 from the first face 21, and is sequentially affected by the second face 22 and the third face 23 reflects and leaves the first beam 25 from the fourth surface 24, wherein the first light beam A is reflected by the first film 81 and travels to the fourth surface 24. With the novel structure of the beam module 20, To reduce the volume and improve the imaging quality, specifically, the seventh surface 33 of the second frame 34 is adjacent to the third surface 23 of the first frame 25. Compared with the existing yoke module, the yoke module 20 of the present invention has a smaller size in the direction parallel to the fourth surface 24 of the first yoke 25 (or the Y direction as shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C). size of. Since the other-handed scallop module is not used in the structure, the scalloped module 20 of the present invention can avoid light leakage better than the existing scalloped module. With such a configuration, it can be ensured that the rangefinder 100 equipped with the lens module 20 can obtain a smaller volume and a better imaging quality. Moreover, the first light beam A is reflected only twice when passing through the beam module 20, and is only reflected in the first beam 25, thereby preventing the brightness of the first beam A generated by the object 200 from being reduced. .

20: 稜鏡 module

21: First side

22: second side

23: third side

24: Fourth side

25: The first jerk

30: display unit

31: Fifth Side

32: Sixth Side

33: Seventh side

34: The second scorpion

40: light transmitter

42: Optical receiver

50: lens unit

60: The first reflection unit

70: second reflection unit

81: The first film

82: second film

92: Eyepiece group

94: Objective lens group

100: Rangefinder

200: Object

A: First beam

Claims (10)

A kind of prism module, including: A first face includes a first face, a second face, a third face, and a fourth face, wherein the fourth face is adjacent to the second face and the first face, and the first face is The fourth and third sides are adjacent; and A second ridge, including a fifth side, a sixth side, and a seventh side, wherein the seventh side of the second ridge is adjacent to the third side of the first ridge; A first film, arranged between the third side and the seventh side; and Wherein, a first light beam emitted by an object enters the first beam from the first surface, is sequentially reflected by the second surface and the third surface, and leaves the first beam from the fourth surface, The first light beam is reflected by the first film and travels to the fourth surface. An optical device including: An objective lens group; The ridge module as described in item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the first ridge is a pentagonal roof ridge; wherein the first film is formed on the third surface of the first ridge, and the The fifth side of the second 稜鏡 is adjacent to the seventh side; and One eyepiece group; Wherein, the lens module is disposed between the objective lens group and the eyepiece group, the first light beam passes through the objective lens group, the lens module and the eyepiece group in sequence, and a central axis of the objective lens group and the eyepiece group A central axis of the eyepiece group is parallel to each other without overlapping. An optical device including: An objective lens group; A 稜鏡 module, including: A first face, including a first side, a second side, a third side, and a fourth side; as well as A second ridge, including a fifth side, a sixth side, and a seventh side, wherein the seventh side of the second ridge is adjacent to the third side of the first ridge; A first film, arranged between the third side and the seventh side; and Wherein, a first light beam emitted by an object enters the first beam from the first surface, is sequentially reflected by the second surface and the third surface, and leaves the first beam from the fourth surface, Wherein the first light beam is reflected by the first film and travels toward the fourth surface; and One eyepiece group; Wherein, the lens module is disposed between the objective lens group and the eyepiece group, the first light beam passes through the objective lens group, the lens module and the eyepiece group in sequence, and a central axis of the objective lens group and the eyepiece group A central axis of the eyepiece group is parallel to each other without overlapping. For example, the optical device described in item 2 or item 3 of the scope of patent application further includes a first reflecting unit disposed on one side of the first surface of the first beam, wherein the first light beam passes through the The objective lens group is reflected by the first reflecting unit to the prism module. For example, the optical device described in item 2 or item 3 of the scope of patent application further includes a display unit for emitting a second light beam, wherein the second light beam enters the second beam from the fifth surface, Reflected by the sixth surface, enter the first beam through the seventh surface and the third surface in sequence, leave the first beam from the fourth surface, and pass through the eyepiece group. The optical device according to claim 5, wherein the ridge module further includes a second film formed on the third surface of the first ridge and used for reflecting the first light beam And the second light beam passes through the first film, and the second film is formed on the sixth surface of the second beam, and is used to reflect the second light beam. The optical device described in item 5 of the scope of the patent application further includes a second reflecting unit and a lens unit, wherein the second reflecting unit is disposed on a fifth surface of the second frame. Side, the display unit, the lens unit, and the second reflection unit are arranged in sequence along an axis parallel to the fifth surface of the second ridge, and the second light beam passes through the lens unit and is reflected by the second The unit is reflected to the module. For example, the optical device described in item 2 or item 3 of the scope of patent application further includes a light transmitter and a light receiver, wherein the light transmitter is used to emit a third light beam, and the light receiver is used to receive The third light beam reflected by the object to calculate the distance between the object and the optical device; Wherein, when the light emitter is arranged on one side of the sixth surface of the second beam, the third light beam enters the second beam from the sixth surface, and sequentially passes through the seventh surface and the first beam. Three sides enter the first ridge, are reflected by the second side, and leave the first ridge from the first side, pass through the objective lens group, leave the optical device to reach the object, and are reflected by the object and back again To the optical device and received by the optical receiver; Wherein, when the light receiver is arranged on one side of the sixth surface of the second beam, the third light beam passes through the objective lens group, leaves the optical device to reach the object, is reflected by the object, and returns to The optical device again passes through the objective lens group, enters the first beam from the first surface, is reflected by the second surface, and enters the second beam through the third surface and the seventh surface in sequence, and from the The sixth side leaves the second beam and is received by the light receiver. According to the optical device described in item 8 of the scope of patent application, wherein the ridge module further includes a first film and a second film, and the first film is formed on the third surface of the first ridge and is used for Reflect the first light beam and make the third light beam pass through the first film, and the second film is formed on the sixth surface of the second beam, and the third light beam passes through the second film, wherein the first Both the light beam and the third light beam pass through the first beam. For example, the optical device described in claim 5 further includes a light transmitter and a light receiver, wherein the light transmitter is used for emitting a third light beam, and the light receiver is used for receiving Collecting the third light beam reflected by the object to calculate the distance between the object and the optical device; Wherein, when the light emitter is arranged on one side of the sixth surface of the second beam, the third light beam enters the second beam from the sixth surface, and sequentially passes through the seventh surface and the first beam. Three sides enter the first ridge, are reflected by the second side, and leave the first ridge from the first side, pass through the objective lens group, leave the optical device to reach the object, and are reflected by the object and back again To the optical device and received by the optical receiver; Wherein, when the light receiver is arranged on one side of the sixth surface of the second beam, the third light beam passes through the objective lens group, leaves the optical device to reach the object, is reflected by the object, and returns to The optical device again passes through the objective lens group, enters the first beam from the first surface, is reflected by the second surface, and enters the second beam through the third surface and the seventh surface in sequence, and from the The sixth side leaves the second beam and is received by the optical receiver; The beam module further includes a first film and a second film. The first film is formed on the third surface of the first beam and is used for reflecting the first light beam and allowing the third light beam to pass through the The first film, and the second film is formed on the sixth surface of the second frame, and the third light beam passes through the second film, wherein the first light beam, the second light beam, and the third light beam all pass The first jerk.

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