TW202038846A - Method and apparatus for measuring vision function - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for replicating a standardized visual acuity test, such as the 20' Snellen test may comprise a binocular viewer attached to a smartphone. A binocular viewer may comprise a housing comprising a pair tube covers having voids allowing for viewing through a pair of lens tubes with each lens tube in visual communication with a second lens a first lens an aperture and a front cover. The optical systems use an artful combination of front and back lens surfaces, demagnification and other systems to faithfully replicate the sight lines perceived by a user of a traditional 20' test. The system also allows for the incorporation of other tests conducted with both eyes including Color Sensitivity and Contrast, furthermore by placing a deformable, tunable lens between the second lens and the eye the device serves as an ophthalmic refractometer, allowing a Spherical Equivalent refraction estimate for each eye.

Description

Method and equipment for measuring visual function

This application claims the rights and priority of U.S. application 62811492 filed on February 27, 2019, the content of which is incorporated herein.

The patent application for this invention is a partial continuation (CIP) case of US application 16/176,631 Smart Phone Based Virtual Visual Charts for Measuring Visual Acuity filed on October 31, 2018, which requires provisional patent application 62 filed on October 31, 2017 /579,558 rights and priority date.

This invention patent application is a partial continuation (CIP) case of patent application 16/276,302 filed on February 14, 2019. This application is the CIP of application 15/491,557 filed on April 19, 2017, and it is now February 2019 Patent 10206566 issued on the 19th requires the rights of provisional patent application 62/409,276 filed on October 17, 2016.

If there is any conflict between the invention disclosure in the present invention and the disclosure in the related application, the disclosure in the present invention shall prevail. In addition, the inventor incorporates by reference any and all copies or electronic files of any and all patents, patent applications and other documents cited or mentioned in this application.

This application includes material protected by copyright and/or trademark. The copyright and trademark owners do not object to any patent disclosure extensions that appear in the files or records of the Patent and Trademark Office, but retain all copyright and trademark rights in other respects. Trademarks may include "VA101" and "Visual Acuity Tracker", "Visual Acuity Screener", "Insight" and/or "EyeQue Insight".

The present invention relates generally to vision measurement systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of lens systems and access to a user's light source to optically replicate standard vision tests within the scope of a binocular viewer. The disclosed embodiments include the integration of high-resolution smartphones, communication systems, data retrieval systems, and other components.

In the related art, standardized vision tests are well known, and usually require a distance of 20 feet between the test subject and the eye chart. Such tests work well in dedicated testing spaces (such as ophthalmologist offices or government motor vehicle facilities). With the advent of smart phones and other electronic devices, and less time spent outdoors, children’s nearsightedness develops at an alarming rate. The disadvantage of the existing technology is that parents, teachers or caregivers want to test their children’s vision quickly and cost-effectively, but there is neither an oversized paper eye chart of the prior art nor a clear and properly illuminated 20-foot space. . In addition, children are unlikely to stand still at the 20-foot distance required for routine testing.

Existing technology is also flooded with deficiencies in adult vision health and testing. Due to the high cost of ophthalmology examinations and the current need to go to see an eye care professional in person, many adults cannot get the eye examinations they need. Myopia is a growing problem, particularly acute among low-income people, and even more serious in low- and middle-income countries.

Existing technology does include the use of virtual images for eye examinations, one of which is sometimes called SPOT Vision Screener by Welch Allyn. Welch Allyn's equipment is very expensive and not suitable for consumers. The Welch Allyn device cannot use the high-resolution screens of today’s smartphones. The device also requires a test distance of three feet from the subject, making the device unsuitable for self-testing. Therefore, for the currently disclosed embodiments, there are serious deficiencies in the related technology and this field.

Recently, there are a large number of free mobile apps (Apps) claiming that they can measure vision, but they need to replicate the 20'Snellen test. The screen of the mobile phone must also be far away from the user, making the test very inconvenient and almost impossible in the case of a child. . Moreover, considering that there is no limitation on the distance between the tester and the smartphone in these free applications, the test result is very inaccurate compared with the mandatory long-distance limitation of the currently disclosed embodiment.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an unobvious and unique combination and structure of the disclosed element, which overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art. The element includes two sets of lenses with optical characteristics, which is very suitable for relatively short binocular observers. Optically produce conventional vision tests within the range. The term "sight" can be defined as the ability of the eye to inspect its details at a predetermined distance. The disclosed embodiments of the present invention overcome the deficiencies of the technology in the art by providing a fine-tuned light source for the high-resolution smartphone screen, and clever use and integration. The integration of high-resolution smartphone screens also provides infinite possibilities for visual acuity chart or symbol display for visual testing. In addition, the integration of smart phones facilitates the instant analysis of test results and the instant communication and electronic storage of test results.

The present invention provides a set of self-management vision test solutions, which produces results similar to the prior art vision tests performed in a doctor's office. Through the open binocular viewer and a smartphone running a specific application, users can perform self-managed long-range (or close-range) vision tests without additional assistance. In addition, the system consisting of binocular viewers and smartphones can also be used for other visual tests, including contrast sensitivity, color sensitivity, and refractive errors. The present invention also provides methods for users to manage their eye health by providing recommendations to eye health professionals. The invention also provides means for electronic communication between users and/or eye care professionals.

The disclosed embodiments of the present invention overcome the shortcomings in the prior art by using the reduction that occurs on the back surface of the first lens including the concave surface.

The disclosed embodiments of the present invention overcome the shortcomings of the field by providing economical, rigorous and self-managed vision tests that are commensurate with the limited means of many people. Conventional field tests are usually carried out at 20 feet (or 6 meters) to replicate the visual needs in real life, in which objects at 20 feet have practical significance. People with "normal" vision can have 20/20 vision, which means that the test subject can see the 20/20 line of the optotype (letters, numbers, rolled E, etc.) at a distance of 20 feet. Test subjects whose vision is "better than normal" will see the 20/15 line of the optotype (smaller than 20/20 line of sight) at a distance of 20 feet, and consider them to have 20/15 vision. On the contrary, test subjects whose vision is significantly "lower than normal" (for example, 20/200) have a vision that is 1/10 of that of a person with normal vision, or need objects nearly ten times to see a person with normal vision at 20 feet To the same 20/20 line. Based on the need to see objects clearly at 20 feet in the real world, many vision standards are based on the 20-foot benchmark. Therefore, a virtual copy of the 20-foot benchmark test is very useful, as long as the virtual or optical copy test shows the observer’s ability to distinguish between relative objects within a 20-foot angle range. The currently disclosed embodiments not only simulate the angle of sight of the 20-foot test, but also improve the conventional 20-foot test by using randomly rotating optotypes, static lighting, real-time test result reporting, test analysis, and electronic storage.

In addition, the standard 20-foot test can be used to detect various conditions, such as refractive errors, astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, color blindness, glaucoma and macular degeneration.

By inserting an adjustable lens system between the lens (360) and the user, the device can also be used as a portable refractometer. The user adjusts the refractive power of the lens to achieve the best vision, due to the light emitted from the lens (360) representing the screen The light is almost parallel, so adjusting the lens system will help focus the light on the retina of the eye.

By using an adjustable stokes cylindrical lens pair and an adjustable spherical lens to offset the astigmatism and spherical error of the adjustable lens system, accurate refractive values can be achieved. The refractive value is determined by the refractive correction provided by the device such as prescription glasses.

In particular, myopia is a common medical term for visual diseases, called myopia, in which near vision is clear, but distant objects appear blurred. In the past 30 years, the global prevalence of myopia has increased rapidly, and there is a great risk of visual damage related to high myopia, including retinal damage, cataracts and glaucoma. It is estimated that myopia will affect 27% (1.9 billion) of the world’s population in 2010. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report on myopia, it is estimated that myopia will affect 33% (2.6 billion) of the world's population by 2020 and 50% (5 billion) of the world's population by 2050.

The disclosed embodiments of the present invention are very suitable for testing children’s vision, because the disclosed binocular viewer can be used in small rooms or crowded environments. In these environments, the eye chart is fixed at a distance from the test subject. Proper lighting at 20 feet is impractical.

Currently, vision problems affect a quarter of school-age children in the United States, which is even higher than other countries such as South Korea and China. Visual impairment in children can lead to lifelong learning, emotional and behavioral problems. The American Optometric Association recommends a comprehensive eye examination every 1-2 years. However, due to the rapid development of children’s eyeballs, during this time, myopia may not be detected until it has progressed to a significant degree. Studies have shown that the development of myopia in children can be slowed down or stopped, thereby improving vision in life. Early detection and intervention can slow down the development of myopia in school-age children. Therefore, the currently disclosed embodiments provide a convenient, low-cost self-management and easily accessible method to monitor visual changes, such as myopia onset. The disclosed embodiments have global applicability, and the lack of eye care professionals in underdeveloped countries makes it impossible for many people to perform visual screening. Therefore, as the first step towards treatment, the disclosed embodiments of the present invention are essential for providing, allowing self-management and simple and accessible visual screening tools to test vision.

Currently, distance vision testing is usually performed in the doctor's office as the first step in a comprehensive eye exam to assess vision. In the prior art, the test subject is usually at a large distance from the visual target, usually 20ft (or 6 meters). The visual target contains different letters of different sizes (Snellen table), or letters of different orientations and sizes "E" "(Rolling E table) or different sizes of letters "C" in different orientations (Landolt C table), the examiner asks the test subject to identify the letter or the direction of the letter corresponding to the given line on the test table, each The descending table line contains letters of smaller size.

The present invention includes a method for self-management visual screening, which includes the following steps: requesting user information, performing a vision test at a distance or a short distance, reporting vision results, and tracking vision changes. After the test, the results will be immediately displayed on the smartphone and stored on a secure cloud server.

The smartphone is used as a display to create visual goals. In one of the embodiments, the visual target is selected as the rolled E-list, in which the letter "E" with random orientations including up, down, left, and right is displayed. A smart phone is connected to an optical device in a similar way as a smart phone is connected to a virtual reality headset. The optical device includes a unique lens system that projects the E meter displayed on the smartphone to a virtual distance of 20 feet (6 meters) (for long-distance vision) and a virtual distance of 14 inches (35 cm). For near vision).

The smartphone will generate a visual target with a white background and black letters, which looks similar to a regular physical eye chart. However, unlike the test-printed, static and predictable roll E table of the prior art, in this embodiment, the letter E and its orientation are randomly generated by the smartphone during the test. Therefore, the order of the letter E orientation for each test is different, thereby reducing the memory effect that may distort the test results.

In an expected usage method, the user observes through a binocular viewer attached to a smart phone, and uses a finger to slide on the touch screen of the smart phone to interact with IOS or Android applications. Using the up, down, left and right swipe gestures, the smart phone application will receive user input based on the current E orientation displayed on the smart phone as perceived by the user. After the test, the smart phone application calculates the vision value and displays the result on the screen. The created visual record is stored on a secure cloud server together with a time stamp. As time goes by, a historical record of the visual test will be created. Used as a reference for monitoring visual changes.

For users who are already moderately short-sighted or far-sighted, measuring vision without correction is not suitable for measuring the effectiveness of the user's current correction. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments allow testers to wear contact lenses or glasses to verify whether their current prescriptions for corrective glasses are appropriate, or in other words, whether the correction provided by the contact lenses or glasses can help improve vision, 20 /20 Vision is the benchmark.

In the public database system, the history of visual test results recorded can be shared wirelessly with parents or eye care professionals via emails or alarms, thereby minimizing communication costs and time.

The disclosed embodiments include devices and methods for determining the interpupillary distance or PD of a test subject using a smartphone application.

The disclosed embodiments can measure presbyopia and/or act as a refractometer, with adjustable spherical and cylindrical values.

The following detailed description is directed to certain specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention can be embodied in many different ways defined and covered by the scope of rights and its equivalents. In this description, reference is made to the drawings, in which the same parts are always denoted by the same reference numerals.

Unless otherwise stated in this specification or the scope of rights, all terms used in the specification and the scope of rights shall have the meanings usually assigned to these terms by those skilled in the art.

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the specification and the scope of rights, the words "including", "including", etc. should be understood as inclusive rather than exclusive or exhaustive meanings; that is, in a certain sense "including but not limited to". Words using the singular or plural number also include the plural or singular number respectively. In addition, when used in this application, the words "herein", "above", "below" and words of similar meaning shall refer to this application as a whole, rather than any specific part of this application.

Figure 1 depicts the disclosed embodiment 100, sometimes referred to as EyeQue Insight™, optical device, or binocular viewer. Generally, the disclosed embodiments provide a compact, portable, and economical way to replicate standard visual tests. In the standard vision test, the test subject is located 20 feet from the eye chart. Using the disclosed embodiments, the same experience and test results are replicated by using a binocular viewer and a smart phone. Unlike the prior art, the embodiments of the present disclosure are seamlessly integrated with electronic storage media such as cloud systems. Generally, the disclosed components are encapsulated in a housing 200.

Figure 2 depicts a perspective view showing the strips of foam cushion 210 in the foreground.

Figure 3 depicts a top view showing the PD knob 242, which is used to set the user's estimated interpupillary distance or PD. By viewing the marks displayed on the smartphone, the disclosed embodiment allows the user to rotate the PD knob 242 to align the interval between the lens barrels to the user's PD. The measured PD is displayed on the PD wheel 240.

Figure 4 depicts a bottom view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 5 depicts a right side view, and 6 depicts a left side view.

Fig. 7 depicts a front view, and Fig. 8 shows a rear view.

Figure 9 depicts a front perspective view of a smartphone 400 or other personal electronic device attached to the back of the device. Strap 410 or other fasteners can be used to secure the phone to the housing.

Figure 10 depicts an exploded view of the disclosed embodiment, which may include a lens system 300 including a first lens 320 or a first group of lenses and a second lens 360 or a second group of lenses. Generally, the lens system uses a system that needs to be less than about 11 inches to optically compare the prior art vision test that requires 20 feet of space. The first and second groups of lenses are fixed in the lens barrel 250, and the lens barrel moves along the horizontal plane to be commensurate with the user's PD or estimated PD. The user's PD is obtained by presenting an image on the smartphone, and the distance between the tubes has been adjusted according to the user's PD. The user can adjust the PD knob 242, and can observe the exported PD value or estimated PD value by watching the PD wheel.

Starting from the user's eyes or at an adjacent location, the window 205 may include a transparent flat surface that keeps debris out of the system. The fastener 220 can attach the face insert 222 to the housing 200. The window 205 may be arranged on or in the face insert, and the window may be centered or aligned with the face barrel 225, wherein the face barrel is aligned with the corresponding lens barrel 250.

The pin guide 227 may be provided on the face insert 222, and the pin guide is axially connected by the PD wheel 240 and the PD knob 242. The outer end of the face barrel can be aligned within the gap defined by the barrel cover 245. The gap defined by the barrel cover 245 can be aligned with the first group of lenses or can help to hold the first group of lenses, and the second group of lenses 360 can be held in The proximal end of the lens barrel 250 is in or aligned with it, and the distal end of the lens barrel can hold the first group lens 320 or be aligned with the first group lens 320. The hole piece 255 may define a hole gap, wherein the hole gap is aligned with the first group lens 320, the gear cover 257 may be fixed to the distal end of the barrel, and the front cover 260 may be fixed on the gear cover and the housing 200 or on the housing 200. Micro suction tape 265 or other types of fasteners can be applied to the far side of the front cover 260. The far side of the front cover has a flat finishing surface to match the flat surface of the screen of a smartphone or other electronic device. .

Figure 11 depicts an enlarged view of the face insert 222 and related components.

FIG. 12 depicts an enlarged view of the housing, the strip of foam pad 210, the PD knob 242, and the PD wheel 240. The PD wheel may include a mark or mark, which indicates the PD obtained or estimated PD corresponding to the adjustment of the PD knob 242 by the user.

Figure 13 depicts an enlarged view of the more distal assembly of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 14 depicts the line of sight or line of sight obtained by the disclosed lens system. The line of sight can start on or be generated by the screen surface 405 of the smartphone, the line of sight or smartphone image can enter the aspheric surface 325 of the first lens 320, and then the light will enter the concave surface 330 of the first lens. Due to the action of the first lens, the reduction occurs, so that an optically presented optotype can be produced, which has the same line of sight as the optotype presented in the form of physical paper at 20 feet.

Finally, the image or light enters the second lens 360, which includes a spherical convex lens. Then, the image or light enters the eye lens 620 and then enters the retina 640.

Figure 15 depicts a typical distance vision test in which the subject is 20 feet away from the eye chart.

Figure 16 depicts a comparison of a traditional eye test at 20 feet with the optical device of the disclosed embodiment. The clever combination of the first lens 320 and the second lens 360 produces a compact and portable vision test system, which achieves the same results as the 20-foot test in the prior art. Therefore, the image viewed from the disclosed embodiment has the same optical quality as the image viewed in the prior art 20-foot vision test.

Figure 17 depicts a first lens 320 or a lens close to the smartphone screen, where the first lens has a first side or front side 325 that includes an aspheric surface. The first lens 320 may have a back side including a concave surface. The second lens 360 may include a spherical convex lens.

Figure 18 depicts the barrel distortion of the prior art. Disclosure of the use of the front aspheric surface of the first lens helps to reduce the barrel distortion of the prior art.

Figure 19 depicts the export of a clearer view by using the disclosed embodiment.

In the disclosed embodiment, the first lens 320 has a front surface 325 including an aspheric surface for reducing the optical distortion observed by the subject using the disclosed embodiment 100, such as a barrel effect. Optical distortion can be considered as an optical aberration that deforms and/or bends the line of sight, resulting in a curved or blurred image as illustrated in FIG. 18. The image of Figure 18 is obtained by using a lens with a spherical surface, in which barrel distortion is particularly noticeable along the four outer edges of the image, and the four outer straight edges appear to be curved, as if compressed in the barrel . This phenomenon is sometimes referred to as "barrel distortion". The disclosed embodiment overcomes the barrel distortion of the prior art by using the disclosed lens system 300, in which excellent results are obtained, as illustrated in FIG. 19.

By using the disclosed embodiments, the deficiencies in the prior art are overcome, for example, the lack of barrel distortion and the lack of a distance of 20 feet between the test subject and the eye chart. The excellent results of the disclosed embodiment as shown in FIG. 19 include significantly reduced barrel distortion, where the four outer edges appear to be straight or almost straight.

In the prior art, the conventional lens is made to have a spherical surface. It is known that spherical lenses can introduce optical aberrations, such as barrel distortion. Compared with the use of a complex spherical lens group, a single surface with an aspheric profile can greatly reduce aberrations. In some currently disclosed embodiments, the first surface 325 of the first lens 320 is made to have an aspheric profile, which means that the radius of curvature is not constant across the diameter. The material function of the aspheric surface is to reduce optical distortion and reproduce the same clear image as when viewing the prior art eye chart at a distance of 20 feet. The second surface 330 of the first lens 320 has a concave spherical profile, and the first lens 320 provides a reduced power to generate a virtual image that is about three times smaller than the image displayed on the screen of the smartphone.

The second lens 360 may include a spherical convex lens. The second lens 360 creates another virtual image or optical image from the first virtual image or optical image created by the first lens 320, which is at a distance of 20 feet from the eye. The second lens 360 may have a magnification power of about 100.

In general, the disclosed optical system may have a magnification of about 30. Therefore, compared to the letter size of the prior art paper eye chart used for the 20-foot vision test, the letter size displayed on and by the attached smartphone is about 30 times smaller.

FIG. 20 discloses the best mode for realizing the aspheric surface 325 of the first lens 320 known so far. The curve 326 depicts the curvature value of the aspheric surface, that is, the first surface 325, and the horizontal straight line 331 depicts the curvature value of the spherical surface of the first lens or the second surface 330. The horizontal x-axis measures the distance from the center of the lens in millimeters, while the vertical y-axis measures the curvature of the lens in millimeters.

Figure 21A depicts a front view of the first lens. The first lens may have an outer diameter of 14 mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm.

Figure 21B depicts a cross-sectional view of Figure 21A. FIG. 21B shows the aspheric surface 325 of the first lens, and also shows the concave back surface 330 of the first lens, the outer distance may be 4.71 mm, and the inner distance may be 2 mm.

Figure 21C depicts a perspective view of the first lens.

Figure 22A depicts a front view of the second lens 360, which may have an outer diameter of 12 mm and an inner diameter of 11 mm.

Figure 22B depicts a side view of the second lens, where the second lens may have a width of 2.8 mm.

FIG. 22C depicts a perspective view of the second lens 360.

Figure 23 depicts an image such as "E" displayed on the screen of a smartphone.

Figure 24 depicts a flow chart of information flowing from the disclosed embodiment 100 to the cloud storage 700 or communication system, wherein the collected data is stored or used by multiple database systems or external systems, the multiple database systems or The external system may include a user measurement database 720, an eye care professional database 740, and a glasses production facility database 740.

Figure 25 depicts the lens and line of sight, with an adjustable lens system 800 added for refractive correction and other functions.

Referring to Figure 26, the disclosed embodiment is based on a binocular viewer device that allows the test image to be projected into the subject's eyes. It can project a single or possibly different image to each eye of the subject. The display used to generate the image can be a smartphone display attached to the device, or a built-in screen in the device, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD) is built into the device in the object plane of the optical system. Alternatively, OLEDs, spatial light modulators (SLM) or LED arrays can be used to project images.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the device is composed of two optical devices as shown in FIG. 26, one for each eye.

Figure 27 presents the disclosed optical appliance. In this embodiment of the invention, the image from the display is projected onto the subject’s retina by means of a two-lens group, and the lens is configured such that together with the optical system of the subject’s eye, the retinal image plane is used to generate the test The image display is combined. In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the light from the display is further diverged through the first lens and then condensed by the second lens, which is arranged to generate parallel light beams in different angular directions corresponding to different field points on the display. When these light beams are incident on the cornea and pass through the pupil, they converge on the retina to form a reduced image of the display on the retina.

See Figure 28, the binocular structure of the device can be used for depth perception and 3D vision. This can be achieved by using the relationship between perception and stereo vision and vergence to "trigger" the human visual system (the visual cortex in the brain) for depth perception. Stereo vision (the depth perception obtained through stereo vision) is based on the difference in the horizontal direction between the images of the two eyes. When a person focuses on an object, the eyes will converge to place the object in the center of the field of view . Therefore, the images on the left eye and the right eye are different due to the angular parallax of the surrounding objects. Due to the level of angular parallax, the receiving field is different. Therefore, when the binocular cells in the visual cortex detect this difference, the brain will recognize it. Associated with depth. Figure 28 shows the image of the focal object seen by each eye and another object in front of it.

The expected minimum level of parallax that can be detected by 97.5% of the population is 2.3 arc minutes, and 80% of the population can even detect parallax as low as 30 arc seconds.

Stereo vision can be divided into two aspects: rough and fine. Rough stereo vision is usually related to the surrounding vision and causes people to be generally immersed in the environment. It mainly focuses on dynamic and low spatial frequency objects. Fine stereo vision can determine the depth of the object in the central visual area. It can realize the visual cortex image fusion between the images of the two eyes, so that a coherent three-dimensional image can be perceived.

Referring to Figure 29, in order to prevent double vision, it is allowed to reconcile the individual images of each eye in the brain as a single image and improve the visual quality in the device; the device can mechanically adjust the user's interpupillary distance. The mechanism can be manual (for example, wheels and gears, sliders) or automatic (for example, using electric motors). The image on the monitor also needs to be adjusted for this distance, so that the center of the FoV and the center of the user’s pupil are directly in a straight line, such as its optical axis. The input to the pupil distance can be manually input by external measurement or through the application Automatic measurement.

The test requires user input in various forms. This can be achieved by using the touch screen of a smartphone, or by using the controls of the device itself, or by using an external controller.

The device can also incorporate a variable lens system to allow refractive correction. In an embodiment of the present invention, the lens can replace the lens closest to the user's eye. In another embodiment, a variable lens can be added to the device between the user’s eye and the first lens of the device; in another embodiment of the device, it can be added if the space in the device allows The lens is implemented in another position. In this case, the optical design and correction will require additional calibration or calculations to allow for the difference between the number or prescription of the actual user's spectacle lenses and the power of the variable lens, which depends on the lens position.

The variable lens can be constructed in many ways. In an embodiment of the present invention, the lens may be a liquid lens. In other embodiments of the device, the lens may be based on the variable lens proposed herein and related patent applications that have been incorporated herein by reference. Another implementation of the variable lens in the embodiment of the present invention may be a combination of a zoom lens and a Stokes lens pair for controlling the cylindrical lens and the axial position (astigmatism).

Description of visual test and example implementation:

vision

There are a variety of VA tests that can be used to assess personal vision. The most common is the Snellen test (Figure 30).

With further reference to Figure 30, each row of letters corresponds to an expected distance of 5 arc minutes on a standard healthy retina. The line width of each letter is designed to be 1 arc minute. The expected resolution of a healthy human eye is between 30 arc seconds and 1 arc minute. The Snellen table usually uses the 20 score notation (also known as the Snellen notation), where 20/20 is normal vision, that is, what a person with normal vision will see at 20 feet. Similarly, for example, 20/50 means that what a person with vision problems sees at 20 feet is equivalent to what a person with normal vision sees at 50 feet. In this case, the size of the letters in the row will correspond to the size of 5 arc minutes at 50 feet. In addition, the symbol includes the metric version, which is 6 basic fractions, which means 6 meters instead of 20 feet; logMAR notation is the logarithm of the minimum angle resolution (MAR) with the base 10, which corresponds to the actual angle entity of the symbol on the table .

Snellen table has obvious shortcomings due to its inherent design.

Each line has a different number of letters, making the scoring irregular.

Letters have multiple readability (for example, D, C, O are easier to read than A, J, L).

The distance between letters is not standardized and can cause crowding (the interaction of contours between letters makes it harder to read).

Lack of font standardization-different manufacturers can use different fonts for the table.

Referring to Figure 31, some alternative methods have been developed, including ETDRS early treatment of diabetic retinopathy, which has been used by the FDA as the gold standard (golden standard) and has shown higher accuracy in many studies. However, care should be taken when comparing the results of ETDRS and Snellen, as the results show that ETDRS increases VA by 0.2 logMAR, which is even higher for those with lower vision.

Referring to Figures 32A and 32B, the Landolt C (Figure 32A) test and the illiterate/tumbling E (Figure 32B) test are formed as standardized forms of the VA test.

Any of these tests can be used in the previously proposed equipment for VA testing. In the embodiment of the present invention, the user is presented with a reduced size of the roll E, and the user is required to indicate which direction the open end of the letter faces. Separate controller with appropriate buttons for instructions. Another form of instruction can include voice recognition, in which the application obtains input by decrypting the user’s verbal answer. In this type of input, provided it is reliable enough, it can be used more when the patient reads the letters displayed on the display. Routine VA test.

Contrast sensitivity

Contrast sensitivity is the ability of an individual to distinguish between light and dark colors. Contrast sensitivity is a very important measure of visual function. It represents a person’s ability to distinguish objects under various conditions (for example, low light, fog, glare). Driving at night is a prominent example, in which contrast sensitivity is an important one. measure. Even if a person’s vision is 20/20, their eyes or health conditions may reduce their contrast sensitivity and make your vision feel poor. Low contrast sensitivity suggests various eye diseases, such as cataracts and retinopathy associated with macular pigment optical density (MPOD).

The contrast sensitivity test measures your ability to distinguish between progressive increments of light and dark (contrast). The most common contrast sensitivity test used is the Pelli-Robson table (Figure 33). Similar to the VA test, the subject is asked to read the letters in the table, where different rows correspond to lower and lower contrast.

The test can also be implemented using Landot C or Roll E (Figure 34A and 35B)

The exemplary embodiment can present the letter to the user once (once for the left eye, once for the right eye, and once for both eyes), and then will ask the user to indicate the direction of the open end of the letter. Then, the letters will be displayed with reduced contrast. The embodiments of the present invention have the advantage of optimal lighting conditions because these conditions are controlled by the display.

With reference to Figure 35, performing a more stringent test on contrast sensitivity also depends on the spatial frequency of the stimulus presented. An example of such a test is the sine-wave grating test. In Figure 35, a group of gratings with different spatial frequencies and different contrasts are presented to the subject.

Referring to FIG. 36, for example, the subject is asked to indicate the direction of the grating, and the blank image can be combined for further instructions, and then the test result is drawn as a comparison frequency map.

Color vision

Referring to Figures 37A to 37C, as the name suggests, the color vision test measures an individual's ability to see and distinguish colors. The most commonly used color vision test is the Ishihara board test. In this test, the digits of different colors are composed of circles, which are drawn in other circles in the background color. The colors of the circles are different to form various contrasts (mainly red and green, but other combinations can be used), and between each test The brightness and contrast of the circles are also different in order to fine-tune the test. Figures 37A to C show some examples of Ishihara color vision tests.

You can test various types of color blindness by changing the color of the letters and the color of the background. More in-depth analysis can also include color saturation and contrast. The embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of optimal lighting conditions and precise color definition, and is controlled by a display.

FoV

Referring to Figures 38A and 39B, an example of the FoV test is based on an automatic visual field inspection test, which requires the equipment to use a very large FoV (> 120deg, even> 180deg). As shown in Figures 38A and 38B, the field of view is based on the understanding of the user's field of view.

An embodiment of the design proposal of the present invention is shown in FIG. 39A.

Another embodiment proposed by the invention is based on the optical device of Fig. 27, in which a lens is added between the screen and the first lens or between the eye and the second lens (as shown in Figs. 39B and 39C). The final field of view for this example can be 120 degrees.

Referring to FIG. 40, an embodiment of the test program of the present invention is presented. The test itself is very simple: present stimuli in the form of illuminated symbols at different locations in the user's FoV and ask the user to indicate whether they can see the symbol. The symbol can be of different shapes, sizes, colors and brightness. The characteristics of the test should be considered, in addition to the symbol itself, it also includes contrast with the background, stimulation frequency and duration.

Another embodiment proposed by the present invention includes the optical system of FIG. 27, which has a relatively limited field of view. Next, construct a test to test the user's field of view in segments. This is accomplished by executing the program in Figure 40 on the gaze points at different positions on the screen, which will effectively triple the field of view measurement in any direction.

Referring to FIG. 41, the field of view defect of the FoV measurement center of another embodiment is an Amsler Grid (as shown in FIG. 40). In this test, each eye of the user is individually focused on a point in the middle of the grid and points out any distorted, faded, or partially missing lines around it.

Depth perception (stereoscopic vision)

The simplest form of this test is the presentation of four similar symbols in a diamond configuration (as shown in Figure 42).

One of the images is presented with a different depth from the other three images (using the method proposed above for 3D vision). Then, the user will be asked to indicate which image is closer. Multiple groups will be repeated, and the distance contrast between the shapes of each group is different (for example, the parallax of different angles is between 30 arcsec and 1200 arcsec).

Referring to FIG. 43, another form of the depth perception test is a random point test, in which an image of random points with features that can be detected using stereo vision is presented to the user (an H-shaped example is shown in FIG. 43). The test can be designed to include Landolt C or Roll E, then the user can be asked to indicate the direction of a given prompt, and other tests can be implemented, including, for example, the Titmus stereo vision test.

Frequency measurement

This test allows indication of potential nerve damage (including, for example, early glaucoma) and other visual disturbances.

In this example of the test, the user is presented with two bars, these flashing at different frequencies, and the user is asked to indicate how many bars they see. At some frequencies, users with visual and neurological problems will not see the lines, or see four instead of two.

The above detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the form disclosed above. Although specific embodiments and examples of the present invention have been described above for purpose of illustration, as recognized by those skilled in the relevant art, various equivalent modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention. For example, although the steps are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform the steps in a different order. The invention provided herein can be applied to other systems, not just the system described herein. The various embodiments described herein can be combined to provide further embodiments, and these and other changes can be made to the present invention based on the detailed description herein.

All of the above references and U.S. patents and applications are incorporated herein by reference. If necessary, various aspects of the present invention can be modified to adopt the systems, functions, and concepts of the above-mentioned various patents and applications to provide further embodiments of the present invention.

These and other changes can be made to the present invention based on the above detailed description. Generally speaking, the terms used in the following scope of rights should not be construed as limiting the present invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification, unless the above description clearly defines these terms . Therefore, the actual scope of the present invention covers the disclosed embodiments and all equivalent ways of practicing or implementing the present invention under the scope of the application.

Although some aspects of the present invention are presented in the form of certain claims below, the inventors have conceived various aspects of the present invention in the form of any number of claims.

100: embodiment disclosed in general 200: shell 205: Window 210: foam pad 220: Fastener 222: Face Insert 225: Noodle Tube 227: pin guide 240: PD wheel 242: PD knob 245: Cylinder cover 247: hook 250: lens barrel 253: Pinion 254: PD transmission 255: hole 257: Gear Cover 260: front cover 265: Micro suction belt 300: Overall lens system 310: Near or near eye point of visual ray 320: first lens 325: The first surface or front surface includes the aspheric surface of the first lens 320 330: The second surface or back surface includes the concave surface of the first lens 320 360: second lens or spherical convex lens 380: The far side or far eye point of the visual ray 400: Smart phone or other personal electronic equipment 405: The display or screen surface of a smartphone 410: The strap that secures the smartphone to the case 500: Central image system, can be implemented in 3D 600: Human Eye 620: eye lens 640: Retina 700: Cloud storage/communication system 720: User Information Database 740: Eye Care Professionals Database 760: Glasses production database 800: Adjustable lens system for refractive correction and other functions. These and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent by reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings

The patent or application file contains at least one drawing colored in color. The Patent Office will provide a copy of this patent or patent application publication with color drawings on request and payment of necessary fees.

Fig. 1 depicts a front perspective schematic view of the disclosed embodiment binocular viewer.

Figure 2 depicts a schematic rear perspective view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 3 depicts a schematic top view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 4 depicts a schematic bottom view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 5 depicts a schematic left side view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 6 depicts a schematic right side view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 7 depicts a schematic rear view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 8 depicts a schematic front view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 9 depicts a schematic rear perspective view of the disclosed embodiment with an attached smartphone.

Figure 10 depicts an exploded schematic view of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 11 depicts a schematic diagram of the disclosed panel and other components.

Figure 12 depicts a schematic diagram of the disclosed housing and other components.

Fig. 13 depicts a schematic diagram of the disclosed elements arranged in a binocular viewer.

Figure 14 depicts a schematic diagram of the tracing of apparent rays.

Figure 15 depicts a schematic diagram of a typical remote test.

Figure 16 depicts a schematic diagram of the comparison between the disclosed test system and the conventional system.

Figure 17 depicts a schematic cross-sectional view of the disclosed optical system.

FIG. 18 depicts a schematic diagram of a blurred image in the prior art.

FIG. 19 depicts a clear image diagram by using the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 20 depicts a schematic diagram of the surface properties of the lens.

FIG. 21A depicts a schematic front view of the first lens.

FIG. 21B depicts a schematic side view of the first lens.

FIG. 21C depicts a schematic perspective view of the first lens.

FIG. 22A depicts a schematic front view of the second lens.

Figure 22B depicts a schematic side view of the second lens.

Figure 22C depicts a schematic perspective view of the second lens.

Figure 23 depicts a schematic diagram of an eye chart image generated on the screen of a smartphone.

Figure 24 depicts a schematic diagram of the information flow obtained from the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 25 depicts a schematic diagram of the adjustable lens system and other components used for refractive correction.

Figure 26 depicts a schematic diagram of the disclosed embodiment.

Figure 27 depicts a schematic diagram of the disclosed lens system.

Figure 28 depicts a schematic representation of binocular vision.

Figure 29 depicts a schematic diagram of the vision measurement and recording system.

Figure 30 depicts a schematic diagram of the eye chart.

Figure 31 depicts another schematic diagram of the eye chart.

Figures 32A to 32B depict schematic diagrams of eye chart symbols.

Figure 33 depicts a schematic diagram of the Pelli-Robson table.

Figures 34A and 34B depict a schematic diagram of Landot C or Tumbling E diagram.

Figure 35 depicts a schematic diagram of a sine wave grating test.

Figure 36 depicts a comparison diagram between contrast sensitivity and spatial frequency.

Figures 37A to 37C depict schematic diagrams of the Ishihara color vision test.

Figures 38A and 38B depict schematic views of the field of view.

Figures 39A to 39C depict schematic diagrams of the disclosed lens system.

Figure 40 depicts a schematic diagram of the disclosed method steps.

Figure 41 depicts a schematic diagram of the Amsler grid.

Figure 42 depicts a schematic diagram of a stereoscopic depth perception test.

Figure 43 depicts a schematic diagram of another stereoscopic depth perception test.

245: Cylinder cover

247: hook

250: lens barrel

255: hole

260: front cover

265: Micro suction belt

320: first lens

360: second lens or spherical convex lens

Claims (18)

A system for presenting visual images with an optical system, which includes: a) One shell (200); b) The housing contains a pair of lens barrels (250) c) Each lens barrel is in visual communication with a second lens (360); d) Each first lens (320) is in visual communication with a second lens (360), and the first lens includes a front surface and a back surface; e) A front cover (260) is configured to accommodate the screen (405) of the electronic device, so that the screen of the electronic device is the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens; f) Comparing the lens of the first lens barrel with the image presented by the lens setting of the second lens barrel to generate a horizontal angle of parallax in the image presented to the optical system. A system for presenting visual images with an optical system, which includes: a) The housing (200); b) The housing contains a pair of lens barrels (250); c) Each of the lens barrels is in visual communication with a second lens, the second lens includes a deformable lens system that allows refractive correction; the second lens is arranged adjacent to the optical system; d) Each first lens is in visual communication with the second lens, the first lens includes a front surface, and the first lens includes a back surface; and e) The front cover (260) is configured to accommodate the screen (405) of the electronic device, so that the screen of the electronic device is the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens. The system according to claim 2, wherein the second lens includes a liquid lens. The system according to claim 2 of the scope of patent application, wherein the second lens is a zoom lens conforming to the Stokes equation for controlling the cylindrical lens and adjusting the cylindrical surface. The system according to claim 2, wherein the second lens is an elastically deformable lens. The system according to claim 1, wherein a field of view adjustment lens is arranged between the first lens and the screen of the electronic device. The system according to claim 1, wherein the field-of-view adjustment lens is provided between the second lens and the optical system. The system described in claim 6 of the scope of patent application can be used to test the field of view of the optical system. The system according to claim 1, wherein the screen includes a liquid crystal display built in the front cover. The system according to claim 1, which has an object plane arranged adjacent to the first lens, and the object plane is selected from the following group, which includes a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode array, and/ Or light-emitting diode array. The system according to claim 1, wherein a test chart is presented to the optical system, and the test chart can be rotated and presented in a decreasing size. The system according to claim 1, wherein a color vision test chart is arranged in the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens. The system according to claim 1, wherein a contrast sensitivity map is set in the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens. The system described in claim 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein a fixation point is set on the Amsler grid to measure the field of view of the optical system. The system according to claim 1, wherein the lens system is suitable for testing the field of view, and the test can be selected from the following groups: adversarial field of view test (visual field test), static automatic visual field inspection and dynamic visual field an examination. The system according to claim 1, wherein different images are set in the optical planes of the first lens barrel and the second lens barrel to test the depth perception of the optical system. The system described in claim 1 of the scope of patent application presents a plurality of symbols to the optical planes of the first lens barrel and the second lens barrel, and each symbol blinks at a different frequency. A method for presenting visual images with an optical system, the steps include: a) Use the housing (200); the housing contains a pair of lens barrels (250) b) Set each of the lens barrels to be in visual communication with one of the second lens (360); c) Set each first lens (320) to visually communicate with one of the second lenses, and the first lens includes a front surface and a back surface; d) Setting the front cover (260) to accommodate the screen (405) of the electronic device so that the screen of the electronic device is the optical plane of the front surface of the first lens; e) Setting the lens of the first lens barrel to compare the image presented by the lens setting of the second lens barrel to produce a horizontal angle of parallax in the image presented to the optical system.

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