TW202030922A - Glass antenna unit, glass board attached with antenna and manufacturing method of antenna unit for glass performing transmission and receiving of electromagnetic wave - Google Patents

Abstract

A glass antenna unit according to the invention is disposed to an indoor chamber side of the glass board and, by passing through the glass board, performs transmission and receiving of electromagnetic wave from the indoor chamber side.

Description

Method for manufacturing antenna unit for glass, glass plate with antenna, and antenna unit for glass

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an antenna unit for glass, a glass plate with antenna, and an antenna unit for glass.

Various communication systems using wireless technology such as mobile phones, Internet communication, radio broadcasting, GPS (Global Positioning System), etc. are being developed. In order to cope with these communication systems, an antenna capable of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves used in each communication system is required.

As an antenna unit installed on the outer wall of a building, for example, three layers with different dielectric constants are proposed, each layer is set to a specific thickness, and a radio wave transmitting body with good radio wave permeability is used. Unit (for example, refer to Patent Document 1). [Prior Technical Literature] [Patent Literature]

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent No. 3437993

[The problem to be solved by the invention]

The radio wave transmissive body described in Patent Document 1 uses surface finishing materials such as glass for the outermost layer, the first layer, the second layer such as an air layer on the inner side of the outermost layer, and a porous body or acrylic resin on the inner side. Wait for the third floor. In addition, the dielectric constant of the radio wave transmitting body decreases in the order of the first layer, the third layer, and the second layer.

An object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide an antenna unit for glass that can transmit and receive electromagnetic waves through a glass plate. [Technical means to solve the problem]

The antenna unit for glass of one aspect of the present invention is arranged on the indoor side of the glass plate, and transmits and receives electromagnetic waves from the indoor side through the glass plate.

The antenna unit for glass of one aspect of the present invention is an antenna unit for glass mounted on a glass plate, preferably having an antenna, and forming a space for air flow between the glass plate and the antenna. The antenna is fixed to the fixing part of the glass plate. [Effects of Invention]

The antenna unit for glass of one aspect of the present invention can transmit and receive electromagnetic waves through the glass plate.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. In addition, in the drawings, there are cases where the scale of each component is different from the actual one for ease of understanding. In this manual, the three-axis direction (X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, Z-axis direction) of the three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system is used, the width direction of the glass plate is the X direction, the thickness direction is the Y direction, and the height is The direction is the Z direction. The direction from below the glass plate to the top is set as the +Z axis direction, and the opposite direction is set as the -Z axis direction. In the following description, there are cases where the +Z axis direction is set to up and the -Z axis direction is set to down.

＜Antenna unit for glass＞ An antenna unit for glass (hereinafter abbreviated as an antenna unit) according to an embodiment will be described. In addition, the "glass antenna unit" in the so-called "glass antenna unit" means that it is used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves through glass.

FIG. 1 is a perspective perspective view showing the state where the antenna unit is applied to a glass plate, FIG. 2 is a perspective perspective view of the antenna unit, and FIG. 3 is a perspective perspective view of the antenna unit shown in FIG. 1 viewed from the side of the fixing portion.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the antenna unit 10 has an antenna 11, a flat substrate (a substrate for antenna installation) 12 provided with the antenna 11, and a fixing portion 13A mounted on the substrate 12 for antenna installation. The antenna unit 10 is mounted on the glass plate 20 by the fixing portion 13A so that a space S is formed between the antenna installation substrate 12 and the glass plate 20. In addition, when the glass plate 20 is a window glass, the glass plate 20 is held in a state where the outer edge of the glass plate 20 is clamped by the window frame 21. In FIG. 1, the antenna unit 10 is installed on the main surface of the indoor side of the glass plate 20. In addition, sunlight or the like is irradiated on the main surface of the glass plate 20 on the side opposite to the indoor side.

In addition, in this embodiment, the antenna unit 10 is fixed to the glass plate 20 (window glass) by the fixing portion 13A in FIG. 1, but it is not limited to this. For example, the antenna unit 10 may be suspended from the ceiling or fixed to a protrusion (for example, a window frame 21 or a window frame, etc.) existing on the periphery of the glass plate 20 (window glass).

The antenna 11 is provided on the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12. The antenna 11 can also be formed by printing a metal material by at least partially overlapping the ceramic layer 14 provided on the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12. Thereby, the antenna 11 is installed on the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12 across the portion where the ceramic layer 14 is formed and other portions.

As the metal material forming the antenna 11, conductive materials such as gold, silver, copper, or platinum can be used. In addition, as the antenna 11, for example, a plug-in antenna or a dipole antenna can be used.

As another material for forming the antenna 11, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) or indium tin oxide (ITO) can be cited.

The ceramic layer 14 can be formed on the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12 by printing or the like. By providing the ceramic layer 14, the wiring (not shown) installed in the antenna 11 can be covered and covered, and the design is better. In addition, in this embodiment, the ceramic layer 14 may not be provided on the first main surface 121, and may be provided on the second main surface 122 of the antenna installation substrate 12. Since the antenna 11 and the ceramic layer 14 are arranged on the antenna installation substrate 12 in the same step by printing, it is preferable to arrange the ceramic layer 14 on the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12.

The material of the ceramic layer is glass frit, etc., and its thickness is preferably 1-20 μm.

In addition, in this embodiment, the antenna 11 is provided on the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12, but it may also be provided inside the antenna installation substrate 12. In this case, the antenna 11 may be linearly installed inside the antenna installation substrate 12, for example.

When the antenna installation substrate 12 is a laminated glass including a pair of glass plates and a resin layer provided between the pair of glass plates, the antenna 11 may also be provided between the glass plate and the resin layer constituting the laminated glass. between.

In addition, the antenna 11 may form the antenna itself into a flat plate shape. In this case, the antenna installation substrate 12 may not be used, and a flat antenna may be directly mounted on the fixed portion 13A.

In addition to being provided on the antenna installation substrate 12, the antenna 11 may also be provided inside the container. In this case, the antenna 11 can be, for example, a flat-plate antenna installed inside the aforementioned container. The shape of the container is not particularly limited, and it may be rectangular.

The antenna 11 preferably has light permeability. If the antenna 11 has light transmittance, the design is good, and the average solar absorption rate can be reduced. The visible light transmittance of the antenna 11 is preferably 40% or more, and in terms of transparency, it is preferably 60% or more in terms of maintaining its function as a window glass. In addition, the visible light transmittance can be determined by JIS R 3106 (1998).

In order to have light permeability, the antenna 11 is preferably formed in a network shape. In addition, the grid refers to a state in which mesh-shaped through holes are opened on the plane of the antenna 11.

When the antenna 11 is formed in a grid shape, the eyes of the grid may be square or diamond-shaped. The line width of the grid is preferably 5-30 μm, more preferably 6-15 μm. The line spacing of the grid is preferably 50-500 μm, more preferably 100-300 μm.

The aperture ratio of the antenna 11 is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more. The aperture ratio of the antenna 11 includes the ratio of the area of the opening per unit area of the opening of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16. The larger the aperture ratio of the antenna 11 is, the more the visible light transmittance of the antenna 11 can be improved.

The thickness of the antenna 11 is preferably 400 nm or less, more preferably 300 nm or less. The lower limit of the thickness of the antenna 11 is not particularly limited, and it can be 2 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more, and more preferably 30 nm or more.

Moreover, when the antenna 11 is formed in a grid shape, the thickness of the antenna 11 may be 2-40 μm. By forming the antenna 11 in a grid shape, even if the antenna 11 is thick, the visible light transmittance can be improved.

The antenna installation substrate 12 is installed parallel to the glass plate 20. The antenna installation substrate 12 is formed in a rectangular shape in a plan view, and has a first main surface 121 and a second main surface 122. The first main surface 121 is provided so as to face the main surface of the glass plate 20 to be attached, and the second main surface 122 is provided so as to be opposite to the main surface side of the glass plate 20.

In addition, in this embodiment, the antenna installation substrate 12 may also be installed at a specific angle with respect to the glass plate 20 (window glass). The antenna unit 10 may be set at an angle of inclination with respect to the normal direction of the surface formed by the antenna unit 10 (the positive direction of the Y-axis) and emit electromagnetic waves. For example, the antenna unit 10 is installed above the ground surface of a glass window of a building, and may radiate electromagnetic waves to the ground surface in order to form an area on the ground surface. The angle between the antenna installation substrate 12 and the glass plate 20 (window glass) may be 0 degrees or more, 5 degrees or more, or 10 degrees or more at the point where the propagation direction of the radio waves is good. In addition, in order to transmit radio waves to the outdoors, the angle between the antenna installation substrate 12 and the glass plate 20 (window glass) is 50 degrees or less, may be 30 degrees or less, or may be 20 degrees or less.

The material forming the antenna installation substrate 12 is designed according to the antenna performance such as energy or directivity sought by the antenna 11. For example, glass, resin, metal, or the like can be used. The antenna installation substrate 12 may be formed of resin or the like to have light permeability. By forming the antenna installation substrate 12 with a light-transmitting material, the glass plate 20 can be observed through the antenna installation substrate 12, so that the observable view from the glass plate 20 can be reduced.

When a glass plate is used as the antenna installation substrate 12, as the material of the glass, for example, soda lime silica glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, or alkali-free glass can be cited.

The glass plate used as the antenna installation substrate 12 can be manufactured by a known manufacturing method such as a float method, a melting method, a redrawing method, a pressing method, or a pulling method. As a manufacturing method of the glass plate, it is preferable to use the float method from the viewpoint of excellent productivity and low cost.

The glass plate is formed into a rectangle when viewed from above. As the cutting method of the glass plate, for example, a method of cutting by irradiating the surface of the glass plate with laser light and moving the irradiation area of the laser light on the surface of the glass plate, or mechanical cutting such as a milling wheel method.

In this embodiment, a rectangle refers to a shape in which the corners of a rectangle or a square are rounded in addition to a rectangle or a square. The shape of the glass plate in a plan view is not limited to a rectangle, and may be a circle. In addition, the glass plate is not limited to a single plate, and may be laminated glass or plural layers of glass.

When a resin is used as the antenna installation substrate 12, the resin is preferably a transparent resin, such as liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polyimide (PI), polypropylene (PPE), polycarbonate, acrylic Resin or fluororesin, etc. From the viewpoint of low dielectric constant, fluororesin is preferable.

Examples of fluororesins include ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymers (hereinafter also referred to as "ETFE"), hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymers (hereinafter also referred to as "FEP"), tetrafluoroethylene Ethylene-propylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-propylene copolymer, perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether)-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (hereinafter also referred to as "PFA"), tetrafluoroethylene- Hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride copolymer (hereinafter also referred to as "THV"), polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter also referred to as "PVDF"), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer Polyvinyl fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (hereinafter also referred to as "ECTFE"), or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). These may be used individually by any 1 type, or may mix and use 2 or more types.

As the fluororesin, at least one selected from the group consisting of ETFE, FEP, PFA, PVDF, ECTFE, and THV is preferred. ETFE is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of excellent transparency, processability, and weather resistance.

In addition, Aflex (registered trademark) can also be used as the fluororesin.

The thickness of the antenna installation substrate 12 is preferably 25 μm-10 mm. The thickness of the antenna installation substrate 12 can be arbitrarily designed according to the location where the antenna 11 is arranged.

When the antenna installation substrate 12 is made of resin, it is preferable to use resin molded into a film or sheet shape. The thickness of the film or sheet is preferably 25-1000 μm, more preferably 100-800 μm, and particularly preferably 100-500 μm in terms of the excellent strength maintained by the antenna.

When the antenna installation substrate 12 is made of glass, in terms of the strength of the antenna holding, the thickness of the antenna installation substrate 12 is preferably 1.0-10 mm.

The arithmetic average roughness Ra of the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12 is preferably 1.2 μm or less. This is because if the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the first main surface 121 is 1.2 μm or less, as will be described later, air easily flows in the space S formed between the antenna installation substrate 12 and the glass plate 20. The arithmetic average roughness Ra of the first main surface 121 is more preferably 0.6 μm or less, and particularly preferably 0.3 μm or less. Although the lower limit of the arithmetic mean roughness Ra is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 0.001 µm or more.

In addition, the arithmetic mean roughness Ra can be measured based on the Japanese Industrial Standards JIS B0601:2001.

When the antenna 11 is a flat antenna, the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the main surface of the glass plate side of the antenna 11 is preferably 1.2 μm or less, more preferably 0.6 μm or less, and even more preferably 0.3 μm or less. Furthermore, when the antenna 11 is installed inside the container, the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the main surface of the glass plate side of the container is preferably 1.2 μm or less, more preferably 0.6 μm or less, and particularly preferably 0.3 μm or less . Although the lower limit of the arithmetic mean roughness Ra is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 0.001 µm or more.

The fixing portion 13A forms a space S between the glass plate 20 and the antenna installation substrate 12 to allow air to flow, and is used to fix the antenna installation substrate 12 to the glass plate 20. The fixing portion 13A is attached to the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12. In this embodiment, the fixing portions 13A are provided in a rectangular shape along the Z-axis direction at both ends of the antenna installation substrate 12 in the X-axis direction. In the present embodiment, the air flow space S is formed between the glass plate 20 and the antenna installation substrate 12 in order to suppress a local increase in the surface temperature of the glass plate 20 positioned opposite to the antenna installation substrate 12. Once sunlight is irradiated to the main surface on the outer side of the glass plate 20, the glass plate 20 is heated. At this time, if the flow of air in the vicinity of the antenna unit 10 is blocked, the temperature of the antenna unit 10 rises. Therefore, the temperature of the surface of the glass plate 20 with the antenna unit 10 is easier than the temperature of the other surface of the glass plate 20. Tendency to rise. In order to suppress this temperature rise, a space S is formed between the glass plate 20 and the antenna installation substrate 12. The details on this point will be described later.

The material for forming the fixing portion 13A is not particularly limited as long as it can be fixed to the contact surface of the antenna installation substrate 12 and the glass plate 20. For example, an adhesive or an elastic seal can be used. As the material for forming the adhesive or the sealing material, for example, well-known resins such as silicone resin, polysulfide resin or acrylic resin can be used. In addition, for the fixing portion 13A, a spacer formed of a metal such as aluminum or a resin such as AES (acrylonitrile-ethylene-styrene copolymer) may be used. In the case of using the spacer, for example, the spacer is fixed to the contact surface of the antenna installation substrate 12 and the glass plate 20 by an adhesive such as a silicon sealant.

The average thickness t of the fixing portion 13A is preferably 0.5 mm-100 mm. If the average thickness t is too small, the thickness of the space S formed by the antenna installation substrate 12 and the glass plate 20 becomes small (thin), and air cannot flow smoothly in the space S. In addition, by reducing the space S between the antenna installation substrate 12 and the glass plate 20, the thickness of the space S is thin, but the space S can function as a heat insulating layer. Also, even if the thickness of the space S is small, there will be a certain amount of air flow. That is, by irradiating the glass plate 20 with sunlight, the temperature of the glass plate 20 rises, and the temperature of the air in the space S also rises. And, as the temperature of the air rises, the air expands. As a result, the upper air in the space S rises and flows out from the upper side of the space S to the outside. In addition, the air rises sequentially from the lower side in the space S. Therefore, even when the thickness of the space S is small, the air tends to flow as the temperature of the air in the space S rises.

On the other hand, if the average thickness t of the fixing portion 13A is increased, since the space S becomes larger (thicker) accordingly, the air flow in the space S is better. However, since the distance between the main surface of the glass plate 20 and the antenna installation substrate 12 is separated (increased), there is a possibility of impeding the transmission performance of electromagnetic waves. In addition, since the antenna unit 10 protrudes largely from the main surface of the glass plate 20, the antenna unit 10 becomes an obstacle of the glass plate 20.

As long as the average thickness t of the fixing portion 13A is within the above range, the air flowing into the space S can pass through the space S by a slight increase in temperature. Thereby, the glass plate 20 can suppress warming due to the air flowing in the space S, so that the excessive temperature rise of the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12 can be suppressed.

The average thickness t of the fixing portion 13A is more preferably 2 mm to 16 mm, particularly preferably 4 mm to 14 mm, and particularly preferably 6 mm to 12 mm. In order to suppress thermal cracks, the average thickness t of the fixing portion 13A can be 2 mm or more, 6 mm or more, 15 mm or more, 20 mm or more, 30 mm or more, or 50 mm above. In addition, in order to improve the design, the average thickness t of the fixing portion 13A may be 80 mm or less, 60 mm or less, or 55 mm or less.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the thickness refers to the length of the fixed portion 13A in the vertical direction (Y-axis direction) with respect to the contact surface of the antenna installation substrate 12 and the glass plate 20. In this embodiment, the so-called average thickness t of the fixed portion 13A refers to the average value of the thickness of the fixed portion 13A. For example, in the cross-section of the fixed portion 13A, when several locations (for example, three locations) are measured at arbitrary locations in the Z-axis direction, it refers to the average value of the thickness of the measured locations.

When the antenna installation substrate 12 has a certain angle with respect to the glass plate 20 (window glass), the fixing portion 13A may be formed in a trapezoidal shape in cross section.

In the case where the antenna installation substrate 12 has a certain angle with respect to the glass plate 20 (window glass), the shortest value of the thickness of the fixing portion 13A is preferably 0.5 mm-100 mm. In addition, in order to suppress thermal cracks, the shortest value of the thickness of the fixing portion 13A may be 2 mm or more, 4 mm or more, 6 mm or more, 15 mm or more, or 20 mm or more, or It can be 30 mm or more, or 50 mm or more. In order to improve the design, the shortest value of the thickness of the fixing portion 13A can be 80 mm or less, 60 mm or less, or 55 mm or less.

The space S is the space where air can flow between the glass plate 20 and the antenna installation substrate 12 formed by the fixing portion 13A as described above. Therefore, the thickness of the space S and the average thickness t of the fixing portion 13A are approximately the same thickness.

In addition, when the main surface of the glass plate 20 is provided with a heat source in the vicinity of the glass plate 20 in addition to sunlight, there are cases where only the amount of air flowing naturally in the space S cannot sufficiently suppress the temperature rise. . In this case, air can also be forced into the space S. The air volume per unit area of the antenna installation substrate 12 blown into the space S (hereinafter, simply referred to as air volume) is preferably 2 m ³ /hour or more. If the air flow rate is 2 m ³ /hour (hour) or more, the temperature rise of the main surface of the glass plate 20 located opposite to the antenna installation substrate 12 can be reduced. The air volume is more preferably 5 m ³ /hour or more. The upper limit of the air volume is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 10 m ³ /hour or less. As a mechanism for forcibly blowing air into the space S, a blower may be used, for example.

In this way, by forming the space S in the antenna unit 10, the average solar absorption rate of the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12 can be reduced. Thereby, the surface temperature of the glass plate 20 can be suppressed from increasing. The average solar absorptivity of the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12 depends on the size of the antenna installation substrate 12 or the thickness of the space S, etc., preferably 60% or less, more preferably 40% or less, and particularly preferably 25 %the following.

In this embodiment, the average solar absorptance refers to the average solar absorptance of the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12. For example, in the part with the antenna and the part without the antenna of the first main surface 121, by finding the area and measuring the solar absorptivity of several parts (for example, each 3 parts) one by one at any part, it can be Calculate the average value of solar absorption. The solar absorptance can be determined by JIS R 3106 (1998).

When the antenna 11 is a flat antenna, the average solar transmittance of the main surface of the glass plate side of the antenna 11 is preferably 60% or less, more preferably 40% or less, and particularly preferably 25% or less. Moreover, when the antenna 11 is installed inside the container, the average solar transmittance of the main surface of the glass plate side of the container is preferably 60% or less, more preferably 40% or less, and particularly preferably 25% or less.

In the antenna unit 10, air flows into the space S from the lower side of the antenna installation substrate 12 (in the −Z axis direction). The air flowing into the space S can flow freely in the space S toward the upper side (+Z axis direction) of the antenna installation substrate 12. The air flowing in the space S contacts the main surface of the glass plate 20 at a position opposite to the antenna installation substrate 12 while flowing out from the upper side (+Z axis direction) of the antenna installation substrate 12. Since the air in the space S is in contact with the main surface of the glass plate 20 located opposite to the antenna installation substrate 12, the main surface of the glass plate 20 located opposite to the antenna installation substrate 12 is prevented from being exposed to external air Or the sun's light, etc. In addition, since the fixed portion 13A is continuously formed in the vertical direction, the temperature difference between the upper portion and the lower portion in the space S increases accordingly. Therefore, the so-called chimney effect can be used to increase the flow velocity of the air circulating in the space S.

In the antenna unit 10, a fixing portion 13A is provided on the antenna installation substrate 12 in such a manner that a space S for air circulation is formed between the glass plate 20 and the antenna installation substrate 12. Thereby, even if the glass plate 20 is heated by external air, sunlight, etc., it can suppress that the main surface of the glass plate 20 which is located in the position opposing the substrate 12 for antenna installation heats up excessively. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility of thermal cracking in the glass plate 20 positioned opposite to the antenna installation substrate 12. Therefore, the antenna unit 10 can be stably installed on the glass plate 20 without damaging the glass plate 20.

Hereinafter, other forms of the antenna unit 10 will be described.

Heretofore, the embodiment in which the fixing portion 13A is provided at two locations of the antenna installation substrate 12 has been described, but as long as air can circulate in the space S, the aspect of the fixing portion 13A is not limited. An example of the fixing portion 13A is shown in FIG. 4. Fig. 4 is a transparent perspective view showing an example of another form of the fixing portion 13A. As shown in FIG. 4, the fixing portions 13B can also be provided on both ends of the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12 in the X-axis direction, and both ends in the Z-axis direction, so that the antenna installation substrate 12 fixed in 4 positions. In addition, among the four fixing portions 13B, the fixing portion 13B provided in the -Z axis direction may be provided at only one near the center of the lower end of the antenna installation substrate 12, and the antenna installation substrate 12 can be fixed by three The part 13B is fixed to the glass plate 20. In addition, among the four fixing portions 13B, only two diagonally located may be provided, and the antenna installation substrate 12 may be fixed to the glass plate 20 by the two fixing portions 13B.

The fixing portion may be provided on the entire side of the antenna installation substrate 12 as shown in FIG. 3, or may be provided on a part of the side of the antenna installation substrate 12 as shown in FIG.

In addition, in FIG. 3, the fixing portion 13A may also be arranged in a rectangular shape along the Z-axis direction at both ends of the antenna installation substrate 12 in the X-axis direction, but as long as air can flow in the space S, it may also be arranged in the antenna installation Three of the two ends in the X-axis direction and the two ends in the Z-axis direction of the substrate 12 are used. When the fixing portion 13A is provided in three places, for example, as described above, the air is forced to ventilate the space S by using a blower, and the air is circulated in the space S. If the fixing portion is arranged in a frame shape along the four sides of the antenna installation substrate 12, air cannot circulate in the space S, but by setting the fixing portion in the above-mentioned form, air can circulate in the space S.

In this embodiment, the antenna unit 10 forms only the space S between the glass plate 20 and the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12, but it is not limited to this. Fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional state of an example of another form of the antenna unit. As shown in FIG. 5, the antenna unit 10 may further have a dielectric layer 15 on the first main surface 121 on the glass plate 20 side of the antenna installation substrate 12. Even in this case, a space S is formed between the glass plate 20 and the dielectric layer 15. The dielectric layer 15 may be the entire surface of the first main surface 121, or may be only a part corresponding to the antenna installation substrate 12. By disposing the dielectric layer 15 on the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12, the transmission performance of electromagnetic waves can be improved. The dielectric layer 15 can be a single layer or multiple layers.

The dielectric layer 15 preferably has a dielectric constant between the antenna installation substrate 12 and the space S, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 15 is, for example, 5.0 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less. The material forming the dielectric layer 15 may also be a material having a dielectric constant between the antenna installation substrate 12 and the space S, for example, (meth)acrylic resin, polycarbonate resin, polyvinyl chloride resin may be used Resin, fluorine resin, fiber reinforced plastic (FEP), etc. The dielectric layer 15 can be formed by a well-known method such as attaching using an adhesive.

The thickness of the dielectric layer 15 may be arranged between the glass plate 20 and the antenna installation substrate 12, for example, preferably 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.3 mm to 1.3 mm, and even more preferably 0.7 mm ~1.2 mm. In addition, in this case, the fixing portion 13A is set to be 0.7 mm to 100 mm so that the space S can be formed.

In addition, when the dielectric layer 15 is provided on the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12, the arithmetic average thickness Ra of the dielectric layer 15 is preferably the same as that of the first main surface 121 of the antenna installation substrate 12 The arithmetic average roughness Ra is the same. The upper limit of the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the dielectric layer 15 is preferably 1.2 μm or less, more preferably 0.6 μm or less, and particularly preferably 0.3 μm or less. The lower limit of the arithmetic mean roughness Ra is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 0.001 μm or more. In this case, the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the first main surface 121 of the glass plate 20 is not particularly limited.

In this embodiment, the antenna unit 10 is shown in FIG. 6, and may have an electromagnetic shielding layer 16 provided on the second main surface 122 of the antenna installation substrate 12 opposite to the glass plate 20 side. The electromagnetic shielding layer 16 can reduce electromagnetic wave interference between electromagnetic waves and electromagnetic waves generated from indoor electronic devices. The electromagnetic shielding layer 16 may be a single layer or multiple layers. As the electromagnetic shielding layer 16, a well-known material can be used. For example, a metal film such as copper or tungsten or a transparent substrate using a transparent conductive film can be used.

As the transparent conductive film, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), silicon oxide-added indium tin oxide (ITSO), zinc oxide ( ZnO) or transparent conductive materials such as silicon compounds containing P or B.

In order to have light permeability, the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is preferably formed in a mesh shape. Here, the so-called grid refers to a state where grid-like through holes are opened on the plane of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16. When the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is formed in a grid shape, the eyes of the grid may be square or rhombus. The line width of the grid is preferably 5-30 μm, more preferably 6-15 μm. The line spacing of the grid is preferably 50-500 μm, more preferably 100-300 μm.

As the formation method of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16, a well-known method can be used, for example, a sputtering method, an evaporation method, etc. can be used.

The surface resistivity of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is preferably 20Ω/□ or less, more preferably 10Ω/□ or less, and particularly preferably 5Ω/□ or less. The size of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is preferably larger than the size of the antenna installation substrate 12. Since the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is provided on the second main surface 122 side of the antenna installation substrate 12, the transmission of radio waves into the room can be suppressed. The surface resistivity of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 depends on the thickness, material, and aperture ratio of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16. The aperture ratio includes the ratio of the area of the opening per unit area of the opening of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16.

The visible light transmittance of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is at the point of improvement in designability, preferably 40% or more, more preferably 60% or more. In addition, in order to suppress the transmission of radio waves into the room, the visible light transmittance of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is preferably 90% or less, and more preferably 80% or less.

In addition, the larger the aperture ratio of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is, the higher the visible light transmittance is. The aperture ratio of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more. Furthermore, in order to suppress the transmission of radio waves into the room, the visible light aperture ratio of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is preferably 95% or less.

The thickness of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is preferably 400 nm or less, more preferably 300 nm or less. The lower limit of the thickness of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is not particularly limited, and it may be 2 nm or more, 10 nm or more, or 30 nm or more.

In addition, when the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is formed in a grid shape, the thickness of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 may also be 2-40 μm. By forming the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 in a grid shape, even if the electromagnetic shielding layer becomes thicker, the visible light transmittance can be improved.

In addition, the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is not limited to the example provided on the second main surface 122. For example, the antenna unit 10 sets an inclination angle in a direction that forms an angle with respect to the normal direction of the surface formed by the antenna unit 10 (the positive direction of the Y axis). In this case, a part of the radiated electromagnetic wave is reflected at an angle with respect to the normal direction of the boundary surface (for example, the negative direction of the Y axis) in the boundary surface between the glass plate 20 and the outdoor. For example, reflected waves at an angle with respect to the negative direction of the Y-axis are on the indoor side of the glass plate 20 (the negative side of the Y-axis), and it is possible to transmit indoors from an area different from the area where the antenna unit 10 is installed. Sex. In order to prevent such reflected waves from penetrating the room, the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 may also be arranged on the indoor side surface of the glass plate 20 in an area different from the area where the antenna unit 10 is installed. For example, the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 may also be arranged closer to the positive and/or negative direction of the Z axis than the area on the indoor side of the glass plate 20 where the antenna unit 10 is provided. The position and/or area where the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is provided with respect to the glass plate 20 can also be based on at least one of the height of the antenna unit 10, the area where the antenna unit 10 is formed, and the radiation direction (for example, the tilt angle) of the antenna unit 10 And set.

In addition, when the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is arranged on the indoor side of the glass plate 20, the same space as the space S may be formed between the glass plate 20 and the electromagnetic shielding layer 16.

In addition, a structure that prevents electromagnetic waves from passing through the room while maintaining light transmittance can also be provided on the second main surface 122 instead of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16. For example, one or more electromagnetic wave absorbing elements may be provided on the second main surface 122. The electromagnetic wave absorbing element has, for example, a structure in which metal is molded into a linear (long strip) shape.

In addition, the electromagnetic wave absorbing element is not limited to metal, and may be a combination of multiple materials. For example, the plurality of raw materials may be metals, alloys, carbon, and/or various organic substances, etc., and each conductivity may be different. In addition, the electromagnetic wave absorbing element can also be constructed by using a material having translucency.

For example, a plurality of electromagnetic wave absorbing elements may be arranged on the second main surface 122 in such a manner that the longitudinal direction faces the same direction, and is arranged at a specific interval in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. For example, the longitudinal direction of the electromagnetic wave absorbing element may also be arranged in a direction along the direction of the polarization plane of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna unit 10.

The electromagnetic wave absorbing element is not limited to the example provided on the second main surface 122. For example, it may be provided in an area different from the area where the antenna unit 10 is provided on the indoor surface of the glass plate 20. The location and/or range where the electromagnetic wave absorbing unit is installed can also be set according to at least one of the height of the antenna unit 10, the area where the antenna unit 10 is formed, and the radiation direction (for example, the tilt angle) of the antenna unit 10.

In addition, in this embodiment, the antenna unit 10 is mounted on the glass plate 20 in a state where the antenna installation substrate 12 and the fixing portion 13A are integrated, but it is not limited to this. For example, after only the fixing portion 13A is mounted on the glass plate 20 first, the antenna installation substrate 12 can be fixed to the fixing portion 13A, and the antenna unit 10 can be completed on the glass plate 20.

＜Glass plate with antenna＞ The glass plate with antenna to which the antenna unit for glass of one embodiment is applied will be described. FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the glass plate with antenna, and FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view viewed from the direction of A-A in FIG. 7. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the glass plate 30 with antenna has the above-mentioned antenna unit 10 and glass plate 31, and the antenna unit 10 is mounted on the glass plate 31.

The glass plate 31 is a well-known glass plate used for windows of buildings and the like. The glass plate 31 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is formed in a rectangular shape in a plan view, and has a first main surface 311 and a second main surface 312. The thickness of the glass plate 31 is set according to the requirements of buildings and the like. In this embodiment, the first main surface 311 of the glass plate 31 is set to the outdoor side, and the second main surface 312 is set to the indoor side. In addition, in this embodiment, the first main surface 311 and the second main surface 312 may be collectively referred to as main surfaces. In the present embodiment, the term "rectangle" includes a shape obtained by chamfering the corners of a rectangle or a square in addition to a rectangle or a square. The shape of the glass plate 31 in plan view is not limited to a rectangle, and may be a circle or the like. In addition, the glass plate 31 is not limited to a single plate, and may be laminated glass or plural layers of glass.

Examples of the material of the glass plate 31 include soda lime silica glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, or alkali-free glass.

The glass plate 31 can be manufactured using a known manufacturing method such as a float method, a melting method, a redrawing method, a press forming method, or a pulling method. As a manufacturing method of the glass plate 31, it is preferable to use a float method from the viewpoint of excellent productivity and low cost.

The glass plate 31 is formed in a rectangular shape, for example, in a plan view. As the cutting method of the glass plate 31, for example, a method of cutting by irradiating the surface of the glass plate 31 with laser light and moving the irradiation area of the laser light on the surface of the glass plate 31, or a machine such as a milling wheel Method of cutting off.

The outer edge of the glass plate 31 is held in a state of being clamped by the window frame 33. The glass plate 31 may use an adhesive or the like to hold the outer edge of the glass plate 31 to the window frame 33. As the material for forming the window frame 33, well-known materials can be used, for example, metal materials such as stainless steel or aluminum can be used.

The antenna unit 10 is preferably arranged at a position greater than a specific distance L from the window frame 33 when viewed from above. The specific distance L is preferably 20 mm. For example, when the window frame is directly exposed to sunlight, the temperature of the glass plate 31 rises to become a high temperature. On the other hand, since the temperature of the window frame 33 is lower than that of the glass plate 31, the temperature of the glass plate 31 located in the window frame 33 becomes lower than that of the window frame 33. That is, the part of the glass plate 31 located opposite to the antenna unit 10 has a higher temperature than the part of the glass plate 31 located in the window frame 33. Therefore, a large thermal expansion difference is generated between the portion of the glass plate 31 located opposite to the antenna unit 10 and the portion of the glass plate 31 located in the window frame 33, which is located at the position opposite to the antenna unit 10 The part of the glass plate 31 produces large thermal distortion. Depending on the occasion, there is a possibility that thermal cracks may occur in or near the part of the glass plate 31 located opposite to the antenna unit 10. In particular, by installing the antenna unit 10 on the second main surface 312 of the glass plate 31, the flow of air on the second main surface 312 of the glass plate 31 located at a position opposite to the antenna unit 10 is blocked. In this case, the temperature of the portion of the glass plate 31 located opposite to the antenna unit 10 further increases. As a result, there is a possibility that thermal distortion generated in or near the portion of the glass plate 31 located opposite to the antenna unit 10 may further increase.

Here, an example of the relationship between the position of the antenna unit 10 from the inner frame of the window frame 33 mounted on the glass plate 31 and the stress (maximum tensile stress) generated on the glass plate 31 is shown in FIG. 9. In addition, in FIG. 9, the size of the antenna unit 10 is set as a width (X-axis direction) 400 mm×height (Z-axis direction) 400 mm. The average solar absorption rate of the antenna installation substrate 12 is set to approximately 90%. The glass plate 31 is set to FL-8 (manufactured by Glass Company). The maximum tensile stress generated in the glass plate 31 is determined by the ratio of the maximum tensile stress generated in the glass plate 31 with the antenna unit 10 to the maximum tensile stress generated in the glass plate 31 without the antenna unit 10 (maximum tensile Tensile stress ratio) for evaluation. The vertical axis in FIG. 9 represents the maximum tensile stress ratio of the glass plate 31. The horizontal axis in FIG. 9 is the distance between the antenna unit 10 and the inner frame of the window frame 33.

As shown in FIG. 9, at a position where the antenna unit 10 is about 20 mm from the inner frame of the window frame 33, the maximum tensile stress ratio becomes the maximum (approximately 1.4), and the thermal distortion generated in the glass plate 31 becomes the maximum. Moreover, as the installation position of the antenna unit 10 is more than 20 mm away from the inner frame of the window frame 33, the maximum tensile stress ratio tends to decrease. Therefore, as long as the antenna unit 10 is arranged at a position more than 20 mm away from the inner frame of the window frame 33, the thermal distortion generated in the glass plate 31 will become smaller. Moreover, as long as the antenna unit 10 is more than 20 mm away from the inner frame of the window frame 33, since the antenna unit 10 is located away from the window frame 33, the antenna unit 10 becomes easier to construct, which is preferable.

In this embodiment, by arranging the antenna unit 10 at a position more than 20 mm away from the window frame 33, the part of the glass plate 31 located opposite to the antenna unit 10 and the glass located in the window frame 33 can be reduced The temperature gradient of the part of the plate 31. Furthermore, air circulation is generated in the space S formed between the antenna installation substrate 12 and the glass plate 31 of the antenna unit 10. Thereby, the temperature gradient between the portion of the glass plate 31 located opposite to the antenna unit 10 and the portion of the glass plate 31 located in the window frame 33 can be further reduced.

The specific distance is preferably 25 mm, particularly preferably 30 mm, particularly preferably 40 mm, and most preferably 50 mm. That is, the antenna unit 10 is more preferably installed at a position more than 25 mm away from the window frame 33 in a plan view, more preferably installed at a position more than 30 mm away, particularly preferably installed at a position more than 40 mm away, the best It is installed at a position more than 50 mm away.

Since the glass plate 30 with antenna is provided with the antenna unit 10, the possibility of thermal cracking in the part of the glass plate 31 located opposite to the antenna unit 10 can be reduced. Therefore, the glass plate 30 with antenna can be suitably used as a glass plate for window glass of existing or newly installed buildings or homes.

The glass plate 30 with antenna can install the antenna unit 10 on the indoor side of the glass plate 31 that is the second main surface 312. In this way, the antenna unit 10 can prevent damage to the appearance of the building and can prevent exposure to external air, so durability can be improved. Furthermore, in the glass plate 30 with an antenna, the antenna unit 10 is installed above the glass plate 31 and on either side of the left and right ends. Therefore, by leading the wiring of the antenna installation substrate 12 connected to the antenna unit 10 from the glass plate 31 to the inside of the ceiling or the wall, etc., wiring exposed to the glass plate 20 or the wall of the building interior can be reduced.

The glass plate 30 with antenna is to install the antenna unit 10 on the glass plate 31, so there is no need to install the antenna unit 10 on the roof of a building. Therefore, since the glass plate 30 with antenna does not need to be installed on the roof or other heights of the building, it can be easily installed in the building. Also, for example, even when the antenna unit 10 is damaged and must be replaced, the antenna unit 10 can be easily replaced in a short time.

The glass plate 30 with antenna can install a plurality of antenna units 10 on the glass plate 31. Even in this case, because the antenna unit 10 is installed on the indoor side of the glass plate 31, that is, the second main surface 312, even if multiple antenna units 10 are installed on the glass plate 31, the glass plate 30 with antenna can reduce damage to the building The appearance of things. Furthermore, the glass plate 30 with antenna can transmit and receive electromagnetic waves stably by arranging a plurality of antenna units 10 on the glass plate 31.

With the miniaturization, the antenna can also be installed in the building. When installing the antenna in a building, it is possible to select an appropriate installation place for the antenna in a way that does not damage the appearance of the building and can stably transmit and receive electromagnetic waves.

In order to achieve high-speed and high-capacity wireless communication, the frequency band used in the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G) is increasing in frequency and broadband. Therefore, when electromagnetic waves with high frequency and broadband frequency bands are used in situations such as carrying arcs or network communications, in order to stably transmit and receive electromagnetic waves, it is important to install more antennas than before. In addition, the so-called 5G frequency band refers to frequencies in the 3.7 GHz band (3.6 to 4.2 GHz), 4.5 GHz band (4.4 to 4.9 GHz), and 28 GHz band (27.5 to 29.5 GHz).

According to the present embodiment, the glass plate 30 with antenna can reduce the damage to the appearance of the building by arranging a plurality of antenna units 10 on the glass plate 31 and can transmit and receive electromagnetic waves stably. As a result, since it is possible to stably transmit and receive electromagnetic waves with a high frequency and a wide frequency band, it can correspond to the increase in speed and capacity of wireless communication.

(Other forms) Hereinafter, another form of the glass plate 30 with antenna will be described.

In this embodiment, the glass plate 30 with an antenna is shown in FIG. 10, and the second main surface 312, which is the indoor side of the glass plate 31, may be provided with a coating layer 35 having a heat ray reflection function. In this case, the coating layer 35 preferably has an opening 351A on the antenna installation substrate 12 of the antenna unit 10 or a position facing the flat-plate antenna. Thereby, the glass plate 30 with antenna can suppress the decrease of the radio wave transmission performance.

The opening 351A is preferably at least the same size as the antenna installation substrate 12 or the flat antenna.

Furthermore, when the antenna is installed inside the container, the coating layer 35 preferably has an opening 351A at a position opposite to the container of the antenna unit 10, and the opening 351A is at least the same size as the container.

As the coating layer 35, for example, a conductive film can be used. As the conductive film, for example, a laminate film in which a transparent dielectric, a metal film, and a transparent dielectric are sequentially laminated, ITO, or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), etc. can be used. As the metal film, for example, a film having at least one selected from the group containing Ag, Au, Cu, and Al as a main component can be used.

The area of the opening 351A is preferably greater than or equal to the value of the following formula (1). Thereby, the glass plate 30 with antenna can further suppress the decrease of the radio wave transmission performance. a×b…(1) (In formula (1), a is the length of one side of the antenna installation substrate 12, flat antenna or container, and b is the length of the other side of the antenna installation substrate 12, flat antenna or container. )

In addition, here, the above-mentioned formula (1) a and b are systems. The antenna installation substrate 12, the flat antenna or the storage container are rectangular in plan view, but they are not limited to this. When the antenna installation substrate 12 is circular in a plan view, a and b of the above formula (1) can be the diameters of the antenna installation substrate 12, the flat antenna or the container, and the same value. When the antenna installation substrate 12 is elliptical in a plan view, a of the above formula (1) can be the short axis of the antenna installation substrate 12, the flat antenna or the container, and b can be the long axis.

In addition, when the antenna 11 is installed inside the antenna installation substrate 12, it is the same as the above. In the above formula (1), a is the length of one side of the antenna installation substrate 12, and b is the other side of the antenna installation substrate 12 The length. When the antenna 11 is installed inside a container having a surface parallel to the glass plate 20, a in the above formula (1) is the length of one side of the container, and b is the length of the other side of the container. When the antenna 11 is formed in a flat plate shape, a in the above formula (1) is the length of one side of the flat antenna, and b is the length of the other side of the flat antenna.

In addition to setting the size corresponding to the antenna unit 10, a part of the opening 351A may be left. Another example of the form of the opening 351A is shown in FIG. 11. As shown in FIG. 11, the coating layer 35 may have an opening 351B formed in a slit shape. Even in this case, the glass plate 30 with antenna can suppress the deterioration of the radio wave transmission performance. In addition, the size of the opening 351B is formed such that the fixing portion 13A of the antenna unit 10 is located on the outer periphery thereof.

The width of the slit-shaped opening 351B is preferably λ/200 or more. The slit-shaped opening 351B does not need to be a periodic structure, but the interval between the slit-shaped openings 351B is preferably λ/2 or less. The slit-shaped opening 351B is preferably formed perpendicular to the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave. Thereby, the glass plate 30 with antenna can further stably suppress the decrease of the radio wave transmission performance. When a dual-polarized wave of a horizontally polarized wave and a vertically polarized wave is used as the electromagnetic wave, the opening 351B is preferably formed in a lattice shape. Thereby, the glass plate 30 with antenna can further stably suppress the decrease of the radio wave transmission performance. In addition, when the coating layer 35 is removed in an irregular shape, the gap between the slit-shaped openings 351B is preferably discontinuous at λ/2 in the electric field direction. Thereby, the glass plate 30 with antenna can suppress the decrease of the radio wave transmission performance.

As shown in FIG. 12, the glass plate 30 with antenna may have a water-repellent treatment layer 36 on the first main surface 311 of the glass plate 31 in a direction (outside) opposite to the antenna unit 10 side. By providing the hydrophobic treatment layer 36 on the first main surface 311, the radio wave transmission performance of the glass plate 20 can be improved.

＜Construction and manufacturing method of antenna unit for glass＞ Next, the construction and manufacturing method of the antenna unit of one embodiment will be explained. In addition, the construction and manufacturing method of the antenna unit mentioned here can be applied to the so-called window glass (glass plate) of the building after construction or the window glass (glass plate) of the building under construction.

Firstly, a site confirmation is performed in advance to facilitate the installation of the antenna unit 10 on the window glass of the building. On-site confirmation is performed, for example, after the selection of the glass type or the confirmation of the orientation of the installation place, etc., the confirmation of the radio wave characteristics of the window glass 40 of the building, etc. are performed. The installation position of the fixed portion 13A or the thickness of the fixed portion 13A (the thickness of the space S) and the like are determined by performing on-site confirmation.

Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 13, the antenna unit 10 is mounted on the window glass 40 via the fixing portion 13A so that a space S for air circulation is formed between the window glass 40 and the antenna installation substrate 12.

Thereby, the antenna unit 10 shown in FIG. 2 can be constructed on the window glass 40 of the existing building.

In addition, the construction and manufacturing method of the antenna unit can also be applied to the glass plate 31 on which the second main surface 312 of the glass plate 31 is provided with a coating layer 35 (refer to FIG. 10) having a heat ray reflection function. In this case, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, at least the coating layer 35 at the position corresponding to the antenna installation substrate 12 of the antenna unit 10 of the glass plate 31 is removed. Furthermore, it is preferable to form an opening 351A as shown in FIG. 10 or a slit-shaped opening 351B as shown in FIG. 11. Thereby, since the opening 351A or the opening 351B has at least the same size as the antenna unit 10, the glass plate 30 with the antenna can suppress the degradation of the radio wave transmission performance.

The formation time of the openings 351A, 351B is not particularly limited, but for example, in terms of the ease of formation of the openings 351A, 351B, the openings 351A, 351B are preferably used for installing the antenna unit 10 in a building. The window glass 40 was previously formed.

The coating layer 35 can be removed by a well-known method such as grinding or laser.

The openings 351A and 351B are as described above, and it is preferable that the area is formed to be greater than or equal to the value of the above formula (1). Thereby, the glass plate 30 with antenna can further suppress the decrease of the radio wave transmission performance.

＜Manufacturing method of glass plate with antenna＞ Next, the manufacturing method of the glass plate 30 with antenna is demonstrated. First, the antenna unit 10 and the rectangular glass plate 31 formed with the main surface are prepared. The glass plate 31 can be formed into a rectangular shape in a plan view using a well-known manufacturing method by a well-known cutting method.

After that, the antenna unit 10 is mounted on the glass plate 31 via the fixing portion 13A so that a space S in which air can flow is formed between the glass plate 31 and the antenna installation substrate 12.

Thereby, the glass plate 30 with antenna as shown in FIG. 7 can be manufactured.

In addition, a coating layer 35 may be provided on the second main surface 312 of the glass plate 31 (refer to FIG. 10). In this case, it is preferable to form an opening 351A as shown in FIG. 10 or a slit shape as shown in FIG. 11 at a position of the coating layer 35 opposite to the antenna installation substrate 12 of the antenna unit 10 Opening 351B. [Example]

The following shows an example of manufacturing the antenna unit and evaluating the glass plate with the antenna under the following conditions. Examples 1-1 to 1-14 are examples, and examples 1-15 to 1-17 are reference examples.

<Example 1> [Example 1-1] The size of the antenna installation substrate 12 (refer to Figure 2) of the antenna unit 10 is set to width (X-axis direction) × 400 mm × height (Z-axis direction) 400 mm, and the fixed part The average thickness of 13A (refer to FIG. 2) is set to 1.0 mm, so that air can be naturally ventilated in the space S (refer to FIG. 2). Thereby, the glass plate 30 with antenna as shown in FIG. 7 is produced. As the antenna installation substrate 12 (refer to FIG. 2), the average solar absorption rate of the first main surface 121 is 20%, 40%, 60%, and 90%. The amount of insolation irradiated on the glass plate 30 with antenna is 825W/m ² , the outside air temperature of the building with the glass plate 30 with antenna is about 5℃, the indoor temperature is about 20℃, and the heat transfer coefficient outside the building When it is 15.1W/m ² k and the heat transfer coefficient inside the building is 8.0W/m ² k, the temperature of the window frame 33 of the glass plate 30 with the antenna is about 10.2°C. Measure the temperature of the second main surface 312 of the antenna installation substrate 12 side of each antenna housing substrate, the air volume per unit area of the antenna installation substrate 12 flowing in the space S, and the end (edge) of the glass plate 31 The resulting stress.

The calculation of the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31 is based on the "Asahi Glass Plate Glass Building Materials Comprehensive Catalog Technical Information". That is, the temperature t _g of the center part of the glass plate 31 shown in FIG. 14 and the temperature t _{s of the} window frame 33 of each antenna installation substrate were measured. After that, various coefficients (basic stress coefficient k ₀ , shading coefficient k ₁ , curtain shading coefficient k ₂ , area coefficient k ₃ , edge temperature coefficient f) are obtained.

The various coefficients are defined as follows. The basic stress coefficient k ₀ is 0.47 MPa/°C. The solar radiation on the glass surface is not the same. If a part of the shadow is formed, the temperature distribution in the glass plate will change, and the thermal stress will increase compared with the case without the shadow. The shadow coefficient k ₁ is the one that compares the stress increase with the case without shadow and shows the ratio. Even if the amount of solar radiation is the same, if there are curtains or blackout curtains on the indoor side of the glass, and the reflection and re-heating of the solar radiation caused by these increase, the temperature of the central part of the glass will rise compared with the situation without curtains or blackout curtains. And the temperature difference becomes larger. The curtain shading coefficient k ₂ shows the ratio. Even if the temperature difference is the same, if the glass area becomes larger, the absolute value of the thermal expansion also becomes larger, and the thermal stress becomes larger compared to the case where the glass area is smaller. The area ratio k ₃ is expressed as a ratio relative to the glass area of 1.0 m ² . The edge temperature coefficient f is defined by the following formula (i). f=(t _g -t _e )/(t _g -t _s )…(i)

The various coefficients are mainly selected from values determined based on experimental results in consideration of the conditions of the glass plate 31 at that time. After that, using the temperature t _g of the center of the glass plate 31, the temperature t _{s of the} window frame 33, and various coefficients, the stress σ generated at the end of the glass plate 31 is calculated from the following formula (ii). σ=k ₀ ×k ₁ ×k ₂ ×k ₃ ×f×(t _g -t _s )…(ii)

[Examples 1-2 and 1-3] In Example 1-1, the average thickness of the fixed portion 13A was changed to 2.0 mm or 3.0 mm, except that the glass plate 30 with antenna shown in FIG. 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1. Measure the temperature Tg of the second main surface 312 on the side of the antenna installation substrate 12 of the glass plate 31 when the average solar absorption rate of the antenna accommodating substrate is 20%, 40%, 60%, and 90%, circulating in the space S The air volume per unit area of the antenna installation substrate 12 and the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31.

[Example 1-4] In Example 1-1, the size of the antenna installation substrate 12 is set to width (X-axis direction) 400 mm × height (Z-axis direction) 800 mm, and the average thickness of the fixed portion 13A is changed to Except 6.0 mm, the glass plate 30 with antenna shown in Fig. 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1. Measure the temperature T _g of the second main surface 312 on the side of the antenna installation substrate 12 of the glass plate 31 when the average solar absorption rate of the antenna accommodating substrate is 20%, 40%, 60%, and 90%, circulating in the space The air volume per unit area of the S antenna installation substrate 12 and the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31.

[Example 1-5] In Example 1-1, the size of the antenna installation substrate 12 is set to width (X-axis direction) 100 mm × height (Z-axis direction) 100 mm, and the average thickness of the fixed portion 13A is changed to 0.5 mm, except for this, the glass plate 30 with antenna shown in Fig. 7 was produced in the same manner as 1-1. Measure the temperature T _g of the second main surface 312 on the side of the antenna installation substrate 12 of the glass plate 31 when the average solar absorption rate of the antenna accommodating substrate is 20%, 40%, 60%, and 90%, circulating in the space The air volume per unit area of the S antenna installation substrate 12 and the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31.

[Example 1-6] In Example 1-1, the size of the antenna installation substrate 12 is set as width (X-axis direction) 100 mm×height (Z-axis direction) 100 mm. Otherwise, the same as Example 1-1 In the same way, the glass plate 30 with antenna shown in FIG. 7 was produced. Measure the temperature T _g of the second main surface 312 on the side of the antenna installation substrate 12 of the glass plate 31 when the average solar absorption rate of the antenna accommodating substrate is 20%, 40%, 60%, and 90%, circulating in the space The air volume per unit area of the S antenna installation substrate 12 and the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31.

[Examples 1-7 and 1-8] In Example 1-1, the size of the antenna installation substrate 12 is set to width (X-axis direction) 100 mm × height (Z-axis direction) 100 mm, and the fixed part 13A The average thickness was changed to 2.0 or 3.0 mm, except that the glass plate 30 with antenna shown in Fig. 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1. Measure the temperature T _g of the second main surface 312 on the side of the antenna installation substrate 12 of the glass plate 31 when the average solar absorption rate of the antenna accommodating substrate is 20%, 40%, 60%, and 90%, circulating in the space The air volume per unit area of the S antenna installation substrate 12 and the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31.

[Examples 1-9 to 1-11] In Example 1-1, the air blower was used to forcibly ventilate the air in the space S, and the air volume was changed. The same as in Example 1-1 except that shown in Fig. 7 was produced The glass plate 30 with antenna. Measure the temperature T _g of the second main surface 312 on the side of the antenna installation substrate 12 of the glass plate 31 when the average solar absorption rate of the antenna accommodating substrate is 20%, 40%, 60%, and 90%, circulating in the space The air volume per unit area of the S antenna installation substrate 12 and the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31.

[Examples 1-12 to 1-14] In Example 1-1, the average thickness of the fixed portion 13A was changed to 5.0 mm, 15.0 mm, or 25.0 mm. Except for this, the same as in Example 1-1 was used to make Figure 7 The glass plate 30 with antenna is shown. Measure the temperature T _g of the second main surface 312 on the side of the antenna installation substrate 12 of the glass plate 31 when the average solar absorption rate of the antenna accommodating substrate is 20%, 40%, 60%, and 90%, circulating in the space The air volume per unit area of the S antenna installation substrate 12 and the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31.

[Example 1-15] Example 1-12 is an example in which the antenna installation substrate 12 is directly installed on the glass plate 31. In Example 1-1, the average thickness of the fixed portion 13A was 0.0 mm, and the space S was not formed. The glass plate 30 with antenna was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the space S was not formed. Measure the temperature T _g of the second main surface 312 on the side of the antenna installation substrate 12 of the glass plate 31 when the average solar absorption rate of the antenna accommodating substrate is 20%, 40%, 60%, and 90%, circulating in the space The air volume per unit area of the S antenna installation substrate 12 and the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31.

[Example 1-16] Example 1-16 is an example of sealing the space S formed between the glass plate 31, the antenna installation substrate 12, and the glass. In Example 1-1, the space S was changed so that the air was not ventilated, except that the glass plate 30 with antenna was produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1. Measure the temperature T _g of the second main surface 312 on the side of the antenna installation substrate 12 of the glass plate 31 when the average solar absorption rate of the antenna accommodating substrate is 20%, 40%, 60%, and 90%, circulating in the space The air volume per unit area of the S antenna installation substrate 12 and the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31.

[Example 1-17] Example 1-17 is an example of sealing the space S formed between the glass plate 31 and the antenna installation substrate 12 and the glass. In Example 1-1, the average thickness of the fixed portion 13A was set to 6.0 mm, and the space S was changed to be sealed in a way that the air was not ventilated, except that the glass plate with antenna was made in the same manner as in Example 1-1 30. Measure the temperature T _g of the second main surface 312 on the side of the antenna installation substrate 12 of the glass plate 31 when the average solar absorption rate of the antenna accommodating substrate is 20%, 40%, 60%, and 90%, circulating in the space The air volume per unit area of the S antenna installation substrate 12 and the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31.

Table 1 shows the size of the antenna installation substrate 12 in each example, the average thickness of the fixing portion 13A, the presence or absence of ventilation of the space S, the temperature of the second main surface 312 of the antenna installation substrate 12 side of the glass plate 31, The air volume per unit area of the antenna installation substrate 12 circulating in the space S and the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31. In addition, the hatched parts in Table 1 show the parts of the glass plate 31 that are likely to generate thermal cracks. As the stress that may cause thermal cracks in the glass plate 31, the stress that the glass plate 31 can tolerate for a short time is 17.7 MPa as a reference.

[Table 1]

It is clear from Table 1 that in Examples 1-12 to 1-14, the average solar absorption rate of the antenna installation substrate 12 is 40% to 90%, and the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31 is relatively large. The glass plate 31 has a high possibility of thermal cracking. Therefore, in the glass plate with antenna as in Example 1-12 to Example 1-14, it can be said that it is necessary to take countermeasures to avoid thermal cracks.

In contrast, in Example 1-1 to Example 1-14, as compared with Example 1-15 to Example 1-17, the temperature of the glass plate 31 is all lowered, and the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31 is all reduced. This is considered to be because the space S is provided between the glass plate 31 and the antenna installation substrate 12 so that air can flow, so that the temperature of the glass plate 31 can be lowered. In particular, when the average solar absorption rate of the antenna installation substrate 12 is less than 90%, the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31 is less than the short-term allowable stress (17.7 MPa) of the glass plate 31, which can be said to be lower than that of glass. The plate 31 has the possibility of thermal cracking.

In addition, in Examples 1-9 to 1-11, the temperature of the glass plate 31 was further reduced, and the stress generated at the end of the glass plate 31 was further reduced. This system can be considered to be because the temperature of the glass plate 31 can be lowered by forcibly circulating air in the space S.

<Example 2> [Example 2-1] The antenna unit 10 provided with the dielectric layer 15 is fabricated on the first main surface 121 on the glass plate 31 side of the antenna installation substrate 12. The antenna unit 10 is mounted on the glass plate 31 via the fixing portion 13A to produce a glass plate with antenna, and the first layer is the glass plate 31, the second layer is the space S, and the third layer is the dielectric Floor. As the glass plate 31, soda lime glass is used, and as the dielectric layer 15, a polycarbonate resin is used. The thickness of the glass plate 31 is approximately 8.0 mm, the thickness of the space S is approximately 0.5 mm, and the thickness of the dielectric layer is approximately 10 mm. An electromagnetic wave was incident on the glass plate 31 from a direction opposite to the antenna unit 10 side of the manufactured glass plate 31, and the transmission loss (TL) of the electromagnetic wave was measured. As electromagnetic waves, TE waves and TM waves are measured. Fig. 15 shows the measurement result of the transmission loss of the TE wave, and Fig. 16 shows the measurement result of the transmission loss of the TM wave. In FIGS. 15 and 16, the glass plate (60°) is the transmission loss of the glass plate 31. In addition, the dielectric constant of soda lime glass is 7-j0.1, the dielectric constant of air is 10, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is 2.8-j0.017.

[Example 2-2] In Example 2-1, the antenna unit 10 provided with the dielectric layer 15 was fabricated on the first main surface 121 on the glass plate 31 side of the antenna installation substrate 12. Except that the antenna unit 10 was directly attached to the glass plate 31 without passing through the fixing portion 13A, the same procedure was performed as in Example 2-1 to measure the electromagnetic wave transmission performance of the glass plate with antenna. Fig. 17 shows the measurement result of the transmission loss of the TE wave, and Fig. 18 shows the measurement result of the transmission loss of the TM wave.

Table 2 shows the types and thicknesses of the first to third layers in Examples 2-1 and 2-2.

[Table 2]

It can be seen from Figs. 15-18 that the width of the transmission loss in Example 2-1 is smaller than that in Example 2-2, and the performance of the transmission loss is improved. Therefore, if a space is provided between the glass plate 31 and the antenna installation substrate 12, it can be said that the transmission performance of electromagnetic waves can be improved.

<Example 3> An electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is provided on the second main surface 122 of the antenna installation substrate 12 opposite to the glass plate 20 side, and the antenna unit 10 shown in FIG. 6 is produced. The antenna unit 10 is mounted on the glass plate 31 via the fixing portion 13A to produce a glass plate with antenna. As the electromagnetic shielding layer 16, it is used to form a transparent conductive film on a glass plate with a thickness of about 6 mm. The surface resistivity of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is set to 50 Ω/□, 20 Ω/□, 10 Ω/□, 5.0 Ω/□ , 3.0 Ω/□ and 20 Ω/□. The electromagnetic wave is incident perpendicularly to the electromagnetic shielding layer 16, and the transmission loss (TL) of the electromagnetic wave is measured. The measurement result of the transmission loss of the electromagnetic wave incident on the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is shown in FIG. 19. As shown in FIG. 19, if the surface resistivity of the electromagnetic shielding layer 16 is 10Ω/□ or less, it can be confirmed that the transmission loss can be set to approximately 20 dB or more.

As described above, although the present embodiment has been described, the above embodiment is presented as an example, and it is not intended to limit the inventor to the above embodiment. The above-mentioned embodiment can be implemented in various other forms, and various combinations, omissions, substitutions, changes, etc., can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments or their modifications are included in the scope or spirit of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the patent application and its equivalent scope.

10: Antenna unit for glass 11: Antenna 12: Flat substrate (substrate for antenna installation) 13A: Fixed part 13B: Fixed part 14: Ceramic layer 15: Dielectric layer 16: Electromagnetic shielding layer 20: glass plate 21: Window frame 30: Glass plate with antenna 31: glass plate 33: window frame 35: coating layer 36: Hydrophobic treatment layer 40: window glass 121: 1st main surface 122: 2nd main surface 311: 1st main surface 312: 2nd main surface 351A: Opening 351B: Opening A: Direction L: specific distance S: Space t: average thickness tg: the temperature of the central part X: direction Y: direction Z: direction

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a state in which an antenna unit for glass is applied to a glass plate. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the antenna unit for glass. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the antenna unit for glass shown in Fig. 1 through a glass plate. Fig. 4 is a transparent perspective view showing an example of other forms of the fixing portion. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of another form of the antenna unit for glass. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of another form of the antenna unit for glass. Figure 7 is a perspective view of the glass plate with antenna. Fig. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view viewed from the direction A-A of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the position of the antenna unit from the inner frame of the window frame and the maximum tensile stress ratio. Fig. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a state in which openings are formed in the coating layer. Fig. 11 is a diagram showing another example of a state where an opening is formed in the coating layer. Fig. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of another form of the glass plate with antenna. Fig. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a part of the steps of the construction method of the antenna unit for glass. Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating the measurement position of the glass plate. Figure 15 is a graph showing the measurement results of the TE wave transmission loss of Example 3-1. Figure 16 is a graph showing the measurement results of the transmission loss of the TM wave of Example 3-1. Figure 17 is a graph showing the measurement results of the transmission loss of the TE wave of Example 3-2. Figure 18 is a graph showing the measurement results of the transmission loss of the TM wave in Example 3-2. Fig. 19 is a graph showing the measurement result of the electromagnetic wave transmission loss of Example 4.

10: Antenna unit for glass

20: glass plate

21: Window frame

X: direction

Y: direction

Z: direction

Claims (21)

An antenna unit for glass, which is installed on the indoor side of a glass plate, and transmits and receives electromagnetic waves from the indoor side through the glass plate. For example, the antenna unit for glass of claim 1, which is the antenna unit for glass installed on the glass plate, and has: Antenna, and A space for air circulation between the glass plate and the antenna. For example, the antenna unit for glass of claim 1, which is the antenna unit for glass installed on the glass plate, and has: Antenna, and The fixing part fixes the antenna to the glass plate in such a way that a space for air circulation is formed between the glass plate and the antenna. Such as the antenna unit for glass of claim 3, wherein the thickness of the fixing part is 0.5 mm-100 mm. An antenna unit for glass according to any one of claims 2 to 4, which further has a mechanism for blowing the air into between the glass plate and the antenna at an air volume of 2 m ³ /hour or more. Such as the glass antenna unit of any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein The above-mentioned antenna is a flat antenna or an antenna provided on a flat substrate. Such as the antenna unit for glass in claim 6, where The average solar absorption rate of the main surface on the glass plate side of the flat antenna or the flat substrate is 60% or less. Such as the antenna unit for glass of claim 6 or 7, where The arithmetic average roughness Ra of the main surface of the above-mentioned flat antenna or the above-mentioned flat substrate on the side of the glass plate is 1.2 μm or less. Such as the glass antenna unit of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein A dielectric layer is further provided on the main surface of the above-mentioned flat antenna or the above-mentioned flat substrate on the side of the glass plate. The antenna unit for glass according to claim 9, wherein the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the main surface of the dielectric layer on the side of the glass plate is 1.2 μm or less. An antenna unit for glass according to any one of claims 6 to 10, which has an electromagnetic shielding layer provided on the main surface of the flat-plate antenna or the flat-plate substrate opposite to the glass plate side. The antenna unit for glass according to any one of claims 6 to 11, which has one or more electromagnetic wave absorbing elements on the main surface of the flat substrate on the opposite side to the glass plate. Such as the glass antenna unit of any one of claims 2 to 12, wherein The visible light transmittance of the above antenna is more than 40%. Such as the glass antenna unit of any one of claims 2 to 13, wherein The above-mentioned antenna is an antenna installed in the container. A glass plate with antenna, which has: Glass plate; and The antenna unit for glass is installed on the indoor side of the glass plate, and transmits and receives electromagnetic waves from the indoor side through the glass plate and the outdoor side. A glass plate with antenna, which has: Glass plate; and Such as the glass antenna unit of any one of claims 2 to 14. Such as the glass plate with antenna of claim 15 or 16, where Further having a coating layer on the main surface of the glass plate on the side of the antenna unit for glass; The above-mentioned antenna of the above-mentioned glass antenna unit is a flat antenna or an antenna provided on a flat substrate; The coating layer has an opening of at least the same size as the flat antenna or the flat substrate at a position corresponding to the flat antenna or the flat substrate. Such as the glass plate with antenna in claim 17, where The flat-shaped antenna or the flat-shaped substrate is formed into a rectangular shape in a plan view, The area of the above-mentioned opening is more than the value of the following formula (1): a×b…(1) (In formula (1), a is the length of one side of a flat antenna or a flat substrate, and b is the length of the other side of a flat antenna or flat substrate). Such as the glass plate with antenna in any one of claim 15 to 18, where The main surface of the glass plate in the opposite direction to the glass antenna side further has a water-repellent treatment layer. Such as the glass plate with antenna of any one of claim 15 to 19, where The area on the main surface of the glass plate on the side of the antenna unit for glass is different from the area where the antenna unit for glass is provided, with an electromagnetic shielding layer. A method for manufacturing an antenna unit for glass, which is characterized by including the following steps: An antenna unit for glass including an antenna and a fixing part provided in a part of the antenna is mounted on the glass plate via the fixing part so as to form a space for air circulation between the glass plate and the antenna.

Images