TW201930884A - Method of making a prognosis for patient suffering from colorectal cancer with liver metastasis - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a method of making a prognosis for cancer patients having colorectal cancer with liver metastasis by evaluating the copy number alteration of specific genes. The method comprises, determining the copy number alteration of the specific genes; calculating a risk score by the copy number alteration determined; and making a prognosis based on the risk score.

Description

A method for assessing the prognosis of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer

The present disclosure is directed to the field of pre-cancerous cancer. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a method for assessing the postoperative prognosis of a cancer patient.

Many studies have pointed out that DNA copy number alteration (CNA) can change the gene expression of cells, which leads to the production of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cancer metastasis is a complex process in which the molecular mechanisms remain to be clarified. Most studies still focus on the clonal origin and genetic heterogeneity of colorectal cancer, the origin of cancer, and the genetic heterogeneity between carcinoma in situ and its distant metastasis. Lack of clear consensus.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and its mortality rate in the United States ranks third among the top ten cancers. With the westernization of living and eating habits, the number of people suffering from colorectal cancer in Taiwan is also increasing. They are the first and second cancer deaths among men and women in Taiwan. With the advancement of medical technology, early colorectal cancer can be diagnosed. However, about 20 to 25% of colorectal cancer patients are diagnosed with tumor metastasis. The 5-year survival rate of these patients Usually less than 10%. The liver is the most frequently metastatic organ of colorectal cancer. Without treatment, the average survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer with liver metastasis (CRLM) is about 5-10 months, and patients below 0.5% can survive for more than 5 years. To date, hepatectomy remains the primary strategy for treating CRLM patients, with only 15 to 25% of patients being cured and having a 70% high chance of recurrence. Patients with CRLM after hepatectomy usually receive systemic therapy in the hope of increasing treatment efficacy. However, large-scale randomized controlled trials found no significant improvement in 5-year overall survival (48% vs 51%, respectively) compared with patients who underwent hepatectomy alone. The study also pointed out that about 30% of patients will die of cancer within 2 years after surgery. Therefore, for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, how to choose the best treatment is an extremely complicated subject.

In view of this, there is a need in the related art for a method for accurately assessing the postoperative prognosis of CRLM patients, thereby providing immediate treatment to patients in need.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The Summary of the Disclosure is intended to provide a basic understanding of the present disclosure. This Summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure, and is not intended to be an

One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for assessing the prognosis of a CRLM individual using a sample of an individual suffering from colorectal cancer with liver metastasis (CRLM). According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method comprises: (a) determining a CSMD2 (full name CUB and sushi multiple domain protein 2) and a TGFBI (full name translation growth factor beta induced) of the sample relative to a healthy individual, respectively. And the CNA of the S100PBP (full name S100P binding protein) gene; (b) adding the CNN of the CSMD2, TGFBI and S100PBP genes of step (a) to obtain a risk index; and (c) by step (b) The risk index is used for prognosis evaluation; wherein if the risk index is less than -0.2, it indicates that the individual has a poor postoperative prognosis; if the risk index is greater than -0.2, the postoperative prognosis of the individual is better.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a poor prognosis of the postoperative period means that the re-free survival of the individual is less than or equal to 24 months, and the postoperative prognosis preferably means that the recurrence-free survival period of the individual is greater than 24 Month

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the CRLM individual is a CRLM individual undergoing partial hepatectomy, and the test system is taken from the liver.

Those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains can measure the CNA of the CSMD2, TGFBI, and S100PBP genes by any detection method; for example, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), in situ hybridization ( In situ hybridization, ISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In a specific embodiment, CGH is utilized to measure the CNA of the CSMD2, TGFBI, and S100 PBP genes.

A CRLM individual that can be assessed by the methods of the invention is a mammal, such as a human. According to a particular embodiment of the present disclosure, the CRLM individual is Chinese. According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the CRLM individual is a Caucasian (Caucasian race or Caucasoid); preferably, the CRLM individual is derived from Northern Europe; more preferably, the CRLM individual is a Norwegian.

The basic spirit and other objects of the present invention, as well as the technical means and implementations of the present invention, will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art of the invention.

The description of the embodiments of the present invention is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. The features of various specific embodiments, as well as the method steps and sequences thereof, are constructed and manipulated in the embodiments. However, other specific embodiments may be utilized to achieve the same or equivalent function and sequence of steps.

Although numerical ranges and parameters are used to define a broad range of values for the present invention, the relevant values in the specific embodiments have been presented as precisely as possible. However, any numerical value inherently inevitably contains standard deviations due to individual test methods. As used herein, "about" generally means that the actual value is within plus or minus 10%, 5%, 1%, or 0.5% of a particular value or range. Alternatively, the term "about" means that the actual value falls within the acceptable standard error of the average, depending on the considerations of those of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Except for the experimental examples, or unless otherwise explicitly stated, all ranges, quantities, values, and percentages used herein are understood (eg, to describe the amount of material used, the length of time, the temperature, the operating conditions, the quantity ratio, and the like. Are all modified by "about". Therefore, unless otherwise indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters disclosed in the specification and the appended claims are intended to be At a minimum, these numerical parameters should be understood as the number of significant digits indicated and the values obtained by applying the general carry method. Ranges of values are expressed herein as being from one endpoint to another or between two endpoints; unless otherwise stated, the numerical ranges recited herein are inclusive.

The scientific and technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains, unless otherwise defined herein. In addition, the singular noun used in this specification covers the plural of the noun in the case of no conflict with the context; the plural noun of the noun is also included in the plural noun used.

In the present disclosure, the term "prognosis" refers to the possibility of predicting cancer-related death or disease progression in a cancer patient. For example, tumor recurrence, metastatic spread and drug resistance. As can be appreciated, the term "prognosis" does not refer to the ability to accurately predict the course or outcome of a condition. Conversely, those of ordinary skill in the art of the present invention will understand that the term "prognosis" refers to a higher probability that a process or outcome may occur; that is, when an individual meets a particular situation (eg, a risk index) On a premise, a particular process or outcome is more likely to occur (compared to individuals with lower risk indices). Factors or signs associated with better or worse disease progression or outcome are usually considered when assessing prognosis. There are a number of ways to express a patient's prognosis, such as: overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and/or disease-specific survival (referred to as disease-specific survival). DSS) and so on. Total survival refers to the time from diagnosis or treatment to death. The disease-specific survival period refers to the time from complete remission to death due to cancer; and recurrence-free survival refers to complete remission to cancer recurrence or death for any reason (whichever occurs first) time.

The term "relapse" means that the symptoms of the disease have completely resolved or healed during treatment, but the symptoms appear again during the follow-up period after treatment. In the present disclosure, the term "relapse" refers to a cancer/tumor that is completely relieved or cured by anti-cancer treatment (eg, surgical resection, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy, etc.), after a period of time, reappears in In the body. The location of cancer/tumor recurrence can be local recurrence or distal metastasis. In general, the location of cancer/tumor recurrence is not necessarily the same as the location of the initial cancer/tumor; for example, the location of cancer recurrence in CRLM patients can be different from lymph nodes, lungs, bones, head and neck, spleen, and kidneys. Organ/tissue.

The term "favorable prognosis" is used in this disclosure to refer to a prognosis determined by a CRLM patient that is superior (ie, better) to a prognosis determined by one or a group of reference patients with the same disease. For example, patients with better prognosis are expected to have longer overall survival or no recurrence survival compared to the reference patient. Conversely, the term "unfavorable prognosis" is used in this disclosure to determine that the prognosis determined for a CRLM patient is worse than the prognosis determined for a patient or a group of reference patients with the same disease; for example Patients with a poor prognosis are expected to have a shorter overall survival or no recurrence survival compared to the reference patient.

In the present disclosure, the term "compare" means detecting two or more substances (eg, two molecules, states, proteins, nucleic acids, peptides, antibodies or fragments) to analyze the similarity of the substances and/or difference. Basically, the word "compare" can be interpreted as "calculating a difference between". According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the average genes of CSMD2, TGFBI and S100PBP are determined by determining a sample to be tested (for example, a liver tumor sample of a CRLM patient of the present invention) and a control sample (for example, a blood sample of a healthy individual). The number of sets, and then calculated the CNA of CSMD2, TGFBI and S100PBP of the test sample relative to the control sample.

The term "subject" refers to an animal comprising humans which is capable of receiving the treatment of a fusion protein of the present disclosure in accordance with the methods of the present disclosure. Unless specifically stated, the term "subject" also refers to both men and women.

In view of the need in the related art for a method for accurately and effectively assessing the postoperative prognosis of CRLM patients, and for administering appropriate treatment to patients, the main purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a set of genomes associated with cancer recurrence. . A risk index can be calculated from the CNA of the genes, and the person skilled in the art can pre-determine the postoperative condition of a CRLM patient according to the risk index, and then give appropriate treatment to the patient.

Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a method of assessing the postoperative prognosis of a CRLM individual using a sample of an individual suffering from CRLM. The method comprises the steps of: (a) determining the CNA of the CSMD2, TGFBI and S100PBP genes of the sample relative to a healthy individual; (b) adding the CNN of the CSMD2, TGFBI and S100PBP genes of step (a) to Obtaining a risk index; and (c) performing a prognostic assessment by the risk index of step (b); wherein, if the risk index is less than -0.2, the postoperative prognosis of the individual is poor; if the risk index is greater than -0.2 , indicating that the individual's postoperative prognosis is better.

Basically, the CRLM individual that can be assessed by the methods of the invention is a mammal, such as a human. According to a particular embodiment, the CRLM individual is Chinese. According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the CRLM individual is a Caucasian; preferably, the CRLM individual is derived from Northern Europe; more preferably, the CRLM individual is Norwegian.

According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the CRLM individual is a CRLM individual undergoing partial hepatectomy.

In step (a), the CNA of the CSMD2, TGFBI and S100PBP genes of the sample relative to a healthy individual is determined by the sample taken from the CRLM individual, wherein the CSMD2 gene is Chr1p located on the first chromosome: 34246394-34308819 In the block, the TGFBI gene is located in the Chr5q: 135384652-135447279 block of chromosome 5, and the S100PBP gene is located in the Chr1p: 33283801-33339989 block of chromosome 1.

According to an operational embodiment of the present disclosure, the specimen is taken from the liver of the individual; preferably, the specimen is a liver tumor specimen.

The skilled artisan can use any known detection method to measure the CNA of the genes; for example, CGH, ISH (including silver in situ hybridization, chromogenic in Situ hybridization), fluorescent in situ hybridization and combinations thereof or PCR. According to a particular embodiment of the present disclosure, the CNA of the CSMD2, TGFBI and S100PBP genes is measured by CGH. CGH is a molecular technique for rapid detection of gene CNA. In general, CGH comprises the following steps: (1) extracting DNA from a specific tissue (such as tumor tissue) and normal control tissue (as a reference group); (2) using different detection markers (such as different fluorescent groups, etc.) Labeling specific tissue DNA and reference set DNA; (3) heterozygous reaction of the labeled DNA with normal human metaphase chromosomes; and (4) analyzing the expression signal using a microscope (eg, a fluorescence microscope) to observe specific DNA The amount of variation in the number of sets (including the increase, decrease or absence of sets).

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a sample derived from a CRLM individual is labeled with a Cy5 fluorophore, and a sample derived from a healthy individual is labeled with a Cy3 fluorophore; then a heterozygous analysis is performed to calculate a Cy5 fluorescent signal and The difference between the Cy3 fluorescent signal (as a reference value) is based on the CNA of the CSMD2, TGFBI and S100PBP genes of the CRLM individuals compared to healthy individuals.

In step (b), the CNAs of the specific genes (ie, CSMD2, TGFBI, and S100PBP genes) measured in step (a) are added to obtain a risk index.

Thereafter, step (c) is based on the risk index obtained in step (b) to assess the postoperative prognosis of the CRLM individual. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the risk index of a body is less than -0.2, the individual is a high-risk individual with a poor prognosis; and when the risk index of a body is greater than -0.2, the individual is a postoperative A low-risk individual with a better prognosis. In accordance with a particular embodiment of the present disclosure, the recurrence-free survival of a high-risk individual is less than or equal to 24 months, while the recurrence-free survival of a low-risk individual is greater than 24 months.

In the following, a plurality of experimental examples are set forth to illustrate certain aspects of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited by the scope of the present invention. It is believed that the skilled artisan, after reading the description set forth herein, may fully utilize and practice the invention without undue interpretation. All publications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Example

Materials and methods

CRLM Patient

This study is based on the analysis of the CRLM patients according to the procedure approved by the Human Test Committee of the Ma Rong Memorial Hospital (13MMHIS009).

I. Test group

From December 2009 to December 2011, a total of 21 CRLM patients participated in the study, including 12 patients with colorectal cancer and 9 patients with rectal cancer. The age distribution of the disease ranged from 39 to 83 years (mean age 60.9 years), including 12 male and 9 female patients. The tracking period was 14.5 to 55.7 months (average 30.2 months). The initial colorectal tumor is approximately 1.2 to 8 cm. A total of 8 patients were metachronous CRLM (metachronous CRLM), including 3 initial phase II patients and 5 patients with stage III disease, and 13 patients with concurrent CRLM (synchronous CRLM). All patients with metachronous CRLM underwent adjuvant chemotherapy after hepatectomy. Of the 3 initial phase II metachronous CRLM patients, 2 had recurrence; and in 5 cases of metastatic colorectal cancer with secondary colorectal cancer, 4 patients had recurrence. . Eight of the 13 concurrent CRLM patients received leadive chemotherapy Hepatic tumor resection was performed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and the other 5 received liver resection. All 13 concurrent CRLM patients underwent adjuvant chemotherapy after hepatectomy. Patients with concurrent CRLM who underwent lead chemotherapy before 8 hepatectomy had recurrence (6 of them recurred only in the liver and 4 had distant metastases), while 5 did not receive the preamble before hepatectomy. There was no recurrence in concurrent CRLM patients with sexual chemotherapy. Thirteen of the 21 patients died. Table 1 Clinical diagnosis analysis of test population

II. Verification group

This study verified that the ethnic group was published by the University of Oslo, Norway (PLoS Genet. 2016 Jul 29;12(7):e1006225.doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006225.eCollection 2016 Jul.) 45 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer Data, they used the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 microarray to analyze the genome-wide values of 45 patients to assess the association of gene CNA with their overall survival and recurrence-free survival.

CGH Analysis and data

After extracting the DNA from the isolated samples of the test population, the DNA was extracted by agarose electrophoresis, and the DNA extracted from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy males and females was used as a control group to confirm the quality of the extracted DNA; CGH analysis was performed on a 385,806 probe (about 6,000 bp each) of a whole-genome NimbleGen CGH microarray (NimbleGen®; NimbleGen Systems Inc, Madison, WI). DNA was cleaved with a Digital sonifier (Branson Model #450, Branson, Danbury, CT). The cleavage products are labeled, hybridized and washed according to the operating instructions. The microarray was scanned using a GenePixTM reader (Personal 4000B, Axon Instruments, Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA) and GenePix® Pro 6.0 software, and images were taken. The results after normalization to 2.4 NimbleScan ^TM and version of the software version of the SignalMap ^TM 1.9, available than the number of intensity data. Signals, simplified statistical calculations, and computational blocks were obtained from 385,806 initial probes of the microarray by combining 10 consecutive probes. The CNA results were graphically mapped using the GLAD algorithm (R package from Bioconductor). After calculating the significant probe density in the t-test, the density bar graph is represented by the CIRCOS ring.

Statistical Analysis

The amount of continuous variation is expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (range) according to homogeneity. Demographic and clinical variants were obtained with Fisher's precision detection and multivariate logistic regression. When the two-tailed P value is <0.05, it is considered to be statistically significant. Fisher's precision detection and logistic regression were obtained using R 3.3.1.

Survival analysis

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from liver tumors of healthy patients with CRLM and healthy individuals (individuals without tumors as a control group), and the DNA was extracted by block average method. Calculate the number of sets of genes. First set the window size W (window size) to 10 consecutive probes, the original 385,806 probe data will produce 36,549 disjoint blocks. The mean and standard deviation are calculated from each block. The gene copy number is represented by the block mean value. This method is used to analyze the average number of sets of CSMD2, TGFBI and S100PBP in each sample.

The CNA of specific genes (ie, CSMD2, TGFBI, and S100PBP) of CRLM patients can be calculated according to the operating instructions of NimbleScan CGH microarray (NimbleGen®; NimbleGen Systems Inc, Madison, WI). Briefly, DNA from CRLM patients and healthy individuals was first labeled with Cy5 and Cy3 fluorophores. NimbleScan was used to analyze the fluorescence intensity of the Cy3 and Cy5 channels. The following normalization steps were performed to correct the dye effect and microarray variation: (1) Establish a reference data: the probe intensity of the reference data was obtained from the average probe intensity of all the samples in the Cy3 channel. DNA based on healthy individuals should have the same set of gene values, and the higher values in the reference data reflect a stronger heterozygous reaction at the corresponding probe position; (2) LOWESS correction with reference data: based on reference data Analyze the fluorescence data of the Cy5 channel and use the statistical software R for LOWESS correction to remove the local trend. The same calibration process is performed on the fluorescence data of the Cy3 channel. This step controls the reaction bias due to heterogeneous probe heterozygosity; and (3) normalized CNA values: the linear regression difference between the corrected Cy5 and Cy3 values is the normalized CNA value.

According to the risk index, the patients were divided into two groups with high risk index (risk index less than -0.2) and low risk index (risk index greater than -0.2), with the median risk index as the threshold. The survival curves of the binary groups were obtained by Kaplan-Meier method, and the logarithmic analysis was performed by log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression modules were used to predict patient survival. Both the logarithmic sorting test and the Cox test are bilaterally tested, and statistical significance is considered when the P value is <0.05.

Example 1 Screening and CRLM Recurrence-related genome

The present invention utilizes CGH technology to screen for genes associated with cancer recurrence. Figure 1 illustrates a flow chart for screening and analyzing specific genes.

1.1 Test population CNA analysis

CGH analysis was first performed on isolated samples taken from 21 test populations (including 8 patients with no recurrence and 13 relapses). The results showed that a total of 38,574 of the 385,806 probes were associated with cancer recurrence (step 1 of Figure 1), with 1,335 probes distributed centrally on chromosome 1 and chromosome 5 (step 2 of Figure 1).

Figure 2 is a plot of CNA distribution frequency based on CGH analysis. It confirms that CNA associated with recurrence is mainly located on chromosome 1 and chromosome 5 (Fisher's accurate probability detection; p values are 1.76E-17 and 4.32E-34, respectively) .

1.2 Confirmation and CRLM Recurrence-related candidate gene

The Student's test was used to analyze the two-variation parameters (with or without recurrence, and with or without concurrent metastasis) to identify probes with differential CNA between clinical variants. After calculating the probe density that is significant in t-test, the density bar graph is represented by the CIRCOS ring (Fig. 3). To analyze candidate genes associated with CRLM recurrence, chromosomes with more distribution of probes associated with relapse were selected for analysis. A total of 542 probes related to recurrence were found on chromosome 1 and chromosome 5 (step 3 of Figure 1).

Next, the probes associated with simultaneous transfer were screened in two steps from 542 probes; the results showed that a total of 273 probes had a significant correlation with simultaneous metastasis (step 4 of Figure 1).

The correlation between the genes corresponding to each probe and their combinations and CRLM recurrence was statistically analyzed. Finally, three genes were obtained, which were divided into S100PBP, CSMD2 and TGFBI (Step 5 of Figure 1). The heat maps on chromosome 1 and chromosome 5 associated with gene CNA and patient recurrence showed further that only a small number of probe signals were observed in the recurrent population (Figures 4A and 4B).

Example 2 Pre-break CRLM Clinical outcome of the patient

According to the formulas described in the materials and methods, the risk index of the three genes (ie, S100PBP, CSMD2, and TGFBI) is used to calculate the risk index of the patient, and the patient is divided into a high-risk group and a low-risk group; wherein the individual's risk index is less than At -0.2, the individual is differentiated into a high-risk group, whereas when the individual's risk index is greater than -0.2, the individual is differentiated into a low-risk group.

The results showed that in 21 CRLM patients (the test population in this study), the recurrence-free survival of patients with low-risk groups was significantly higher than that of patients with high-risk groups (P = 0.04, Figure 5). The recurrence-free survival of patients with low-risk groups averaged 45.2 months, while the average recurrence-free survival of patients with high-risk groups was 23.4 months. Table 2 illustrates the risk index of an exemplary patient and its recurrence-free survival time. Table 2 Risk index and recurrence-free survival time of exemplary patients

Similarly, in 45 CRLM patients (ie, the study validation population), the distant recurrence survival of patients with low-risk populations was significantly higher than that of patients with high-risk populations without distant recurrence (P = 0.02, Fig. 6), the average recurrence-free survival of patients with low-risk groups was 43.2 months, while the average recurrence-free survival of patients with high-risk groups was 18.9 months.

Among the observed recurrences, some CRLM patients had local recurrence (ie, the recurrence site was the liver), and some CRLM patients had distant metastases (including different tissues/organs such as lymph nodes, bones, and lungs) (results not shown) ).

The multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was then used to assess the efficacy of the genetic markers of the invention (ie, S100PBP, CSMD2, and TGFBI) and other prognostic factors (including age, sex, and tumor/cancer staging) in predicting recurrence of CRLM. The results show that the gene marker of the present invention has significant efficacy in predicting cancer recurrence. For 21 CRLM patients (the test population in this study), the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 0.13 (P = 0.01) (Table 3). From the results, it is known that the genome of the present invention (i.e., the combination of S100PBP, CSMD2, and TGFBI) can independently predict the recurrence rate of CRLM patients after hepatectomy. Table 3 Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis of test population

In summary, the present disclosure provides a method for assessing postoperative prognosis in CRLM patients. In particular, the method of the present invention calculates the risk of recurrence based on the gene CNA of a specific genome (ie, a combination of S100PBP, CSMD2, and TGFBI) to assess the risk of cancer recurrence in CRLM patients. Based on the results of the assessment, clinicians can more appropriately, accurately, and immediately give appropriate treatment to patients in need.

The embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in the above embodiments, which are not intended to limit the invention, and those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention Various changes and modifications may be made thereto, and the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.

no

The above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent and understood. FIG. 2 is a frequency distribution chart of CNA according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, which relates to the distribution position and frequency of CNA related to cancer recurrence on each chromosome (chromosome 1-22); The figure is a density bar graph according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, which relates to a distribution position of a candidate gene related to cancer recurrence on each chromosome (chromosome 1-22); FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams according to the present disclosure. A heatmap set forth in another embodiment relates to the amount of expression of candidate genes associated with cancer recurrence on chromosomes 1 and 5; and FIG. 5 is a representation of survival according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. a curve illustrating that in a test population of the present invention, the recurrence-free survival of a low-risk patient is higher than that of a high-risk patient; and FIG. 6 is an implementation in accordance with the present disclosure. The survival curves shown depicted formulas which are set forth in the verification of recurrence-free survival in the group of the present invention, a low risk of recurrence-free survival of patients will be higher than the high risk patients.

Claims (7)

A method for assessing a postoperative prognosis of a CRLM individual using a sample of an individual suffering from colorectal cancer with liver metastasis (CRLM), comprising: (a) determining the sample relative to a healthy individual Copy number alteration (CNA) of the CSMD2, TGFBI and S100PBP genes; (b) adding the CNN of the CSMD2, TGFBI and S100PBP genes of step (a) to obtain a risk index; and (c) The risk index of step (b) is used for prognosis evaluation; wherein if the risk index is less than -0.2, it indicates that the individual has a poor postoperative prognosis; if the risk index is greater than -0.2, it indicates that the individual has a better postoperative prognosis . The method of claim 1, wherein the poor prognosis of the postoperative period means that the recurrence-free survival period of the individual is less than or equal to 24 months, and the postoperative prognosis is preferably that the recurrence-free survival period of the individual is greater than 24 months. The method of claim 1, wherein the test system is taken from the liver. The method of claim 1, wherein the CRLM individual is a CRLM individual undergoing partial hepatectomy. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (a) is a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), an in situ hybridization (ISH) or a polymerase chain reaction (polymerase chain reaction). PCR) to measure the number of sets of CSMD2, TGFBI and S100PBP genes. The method of claim 5, wherein the step (a) is to measure the number of CSMD2, TGFBI and S100PBP genes using CGH. The method of claim 1, wherein the individual is a Chinese or a Caucasian.