TW201802234A

TW201802234A - Liquid-crystalline medium

Info

Publication number: TW201802234A
Application number: TW106109666A
Authority: TW
Inventors: 康斯坦斯布洛克; 真邊篤孝; 麥可威提克; 瑞納特席傑
Original assignee: 馬克專利公司
Priority date: 2016-03-24
Filing date: 2017-03-23
Publication date: 2018-01-16
Also published as: EP3433337A1; EP3433337B1; US20190106626A1; TWI721137B; WO2017162717A1; US10662377B2

Abstract

The invention relates to a liquid crystalline medium, characterised in that it comprises one or more compounds of formula A and one or more compounds of formula II wherein the parameters have the meaning indicated in claim 1, and to high-frequency components comprising the same, especially microwave compo-nents for high-frequency devices, such as devices for shifting the phase of microwaves, in particular microwave phased-array antennas.

Description

Liquid crystal medium

本發明係關於液晶介質及包含該液晶介質之高頻組件，尤其用於高頻裝置、例如用於使微波相移位之裝置之微波組件，具體而言微波相控陣列天線。The present invention relates to a liquid crystal medium and a high-frequency component including the liquid crystal medium, and is particularly used for a high-frequency device, for example, a microwave component for a device for shifting a microwave phase, specifically a microwave phased array antenna.

一段時間以來，液晶介質已用於電光顯示器(液晶顯示器-LCD)中用於資訊顯示之目的。最近研發之不同應用係該等液晶介質在用於微波技術之組件中之用途，例如揭示於DE 10 2004 029 429A及JP 2005-120208 (A)中作為典型微波應用，如K.C. Gupta、R. Garg、I. Bahl及P. Bhartia：Microstrip Lines及Slotlines, 第2版, Artech House, Boston, 1996所闡述之倒置微帶線之概念連同來自Merck KGaA之商業液晶K15一起用於以下文獻中：例如D. Dolfi、M. Labeyrie、P. Joffre及J.P. Huignard：Liquid Crystal Microwave Phase Shifter.Electronics Letters , 第29卷, 第10期,第926頁至第928頁, 1993年5月；N. Martin、N. Tentillier、P. Laurent、B. Splingart、F. Huert、PH. Gelin、C. Legrand：Electrically Microwave Tunable Components Using Liquid Crystals.第32版European Microwave Conference, 第393頁至第396頁, Milan 2002；或Weil, C.：Passiv steuerbare Mikrowellenphasenschieber auf der Basis nichtlinearer Dielektrika [Passively Controllable Microwave Phase Shifters based on Nonlinear Dielectrics], Darmstädter Dissertationen D17, 2002；C. Weil、G. Lüssem及R. Jakoby：Tunable Invert-Microstrip Phase Shifter Device Using Nematic Liquid Crystals,IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. , Seattle, Washington, 2002年6月, 第367頁至第370頁。C. Weil、G. Lüssem及R. Jakoby：Tunable Invert-Microstrip Phase Shifter Device Using Nematic Liquid Crystals,IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw.Symp. , Seattle, Washington, 2002年6月, 第367頁至第370頁，在10GHz下達成12°/dB之移相器品質，對此控制電壓為約40V。在Weil, C.：Passiv steuerbare Mikrowellenphasenschieber auf der Basis nichtlinearer Dielektrika [Passively Controllable Microwave Phase Shifters based on Nonlinear Dielectrics], Darmstädter Dissertationen D17, 2002中給出之LC之插入損耗(亦即僅由液晶中之極化損耗引起之損耗)為在10GHz下約1 dB至2 dB。另外，已確定移相器損耗主要由介電LC損耗及波導接面下之損耗決定。T. Kuki、H. Fujikake、H. Kamoda及T. Nomoto：Microwave Variable Delay Line Using a Membrane Impregnated with Liquid Crystal.IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig. 2002，第363頁至第366頁，2002年6月；及T. Kuki、H. Fujikake、T. Nomoto：Microwave Variable Delay Line Using Dual-Frequency Switching-Mode Liquid Crystal.IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. ，第50卷，第11期，第2604頁至第2609頁，2002年11月，亦論述聚合LC薄膜及雙頻切換模式液晶與平面移相器排列之組合之用途。 A. Penirschke、S. Müller、P. Scheele、C. Weil、M. Wittek、C. Hock及R. Jakoby：「Cavity Perturbation Method for Characterization of Liquid Crystals up to 35GHz」，第34屆歐洲微波會議(European Microwave Conference) - Amsterdam，545-548尤其闡述已知單一液晶物質K15 (Merck KGaA, Germany)在9 GHz頻率下之性質。 A. Gaebler、F. Goelden、S. Müller、A. Penirschke及R. Jakoby 「Direct Simulation of Material Permittivites using an Eigen-Susceptibility Formulation of the Vector Variational Approach」, 12MTC 2009 - 國際儀器與量測技術會議(International Instrumentation及Measurement Technology Conference, Singapore, 2009 (IEEE)，第463頁至第467頁闡述已知液晶混合物E7 (同樣，Merck KGaA, Germany)之相應性質。 DE 10 2004 029 429 A闡述液晶介質在微波技術、尤其移相器中之用途。 DE 10 2004 029 429 A業已研究液晶介質在相應頻率範圍中之性質。另外，其闡述包含以下化合物之液晶介質：

以及下式化合物

及

或以及下式化合物

及

該領域中之其他研發具體而言旨在降低微波區之損耗及改良材料品質(h)，如(例如) WO 2011/009524中所揭示。包含上文所提及化合物中之一或多者以及類似化合物之液晶介質在(例如) DE 10 2010 025 572 A1及WO 2013/034227 A1中提出用於微波應用，該等案件尤其揭示包含下式化合物之液晶介質

此外，自當前技術已知具有兩個三鍵之化合物，例如炔基二苯乙炔(WO 2015/24635 A)。典型實例係以下化合物：

結構相關的係苯基炔基二苯乙炔，其揭示於(例如) WO 2012/048774及WO 2012/097853中，且其中中心芳香族環以(例如)彼此為鄰位之方式經兩個側向取代基取代。

及

其中R¹ 及R² 表示烷基。然而，該等組合物遭受嚴重缺點。大部分缺點(除其他缺陷外)源於不利的高損耗及/或不適當相移或不適當的材料品質。對於該等應用，需要具有特別的、迄今相當罕見且不尋常的性質或性質組合之液晶介質。For some time, liquid crystal media have been used in electro-optic displays (liquid crystal displays-LCD) for information display purposes. The different applications recently developed are the uses of these liquid crystal media in components for microwave technology, such as those disclosed in DE 10 2004 029 429A and JP 2005-120208 (A) as typical microwave applications such as KC Gupta, R. Garg , I. Bahl and P. Bhartia: Microstrip Lines and Slotlines, 2nd Edition, Artech House, Boston, 1996. The concept of inverted microstrip lines, together with the commercial liquid crystal K15 from Merck KGaA, is used in the following documents: for example D . Dolfi, M. Labeyrie, P. Joffre and JP Huignard: Liquid Crystal Microwave Phase Shifter. Electronics Letters , Volume 29, Issue 10, pages 926 to 928, May 1993; N. Martin, N. Tentillier, P. Laurent, B. Splingart, F. Huert, PH. Gelin, C. Legrand: Electrically Microwave Tunable Components Using Liquid Crystals. 32nd Edition European Microwave Conference, pages 393 to 396, Milan 2002; or Weil , C .: Passiv steuerbare Mikrowellenphasenschieber auf der Basis nichtlinearer Dielektrika [Passively Controllable Microwave Phase Shifters based on Nonlinear Dielectrics], Darmstädter Disse rtationen D17, 2002; C. Weil, G. Lüssem and R. Jakoby: Tunable Invert-Microstrip Phase Shifter Device Using Nematic Liquid Crystals, IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. , Seattle, Washington, June 2002, No. Pages 367 to 370. C. Weil, G. Lüssem and R. Jakoby: Tunable Invert-Microstrip Phase Shifter Device Using Nematic Liquid Crystals, IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp. , Seattle, Washington, June 2002, pages 367 to 370 Page, the phase shifter quality of 12 ° / dB is achieved at 10GHz, for which the control voltage is about 40V. In Weil, C .: Passiv steuerbare Mikrowellenphasenschieber auf der Basis nichtlinearer Dielektrika [Passively Controllable Microwave Phase Shifters based on Nonlinear Dielectrics], Darmstädter Dissertationen D17, 2002 The insertion loss of LC The loss caused) is about 1 dB to 2 dB at 10 GHz. In addition, it has been determined that the phase shifter loss is mainly determined by the dielectric LC loss and the loss under the waveguide junction. T. Kuki, H. Fujikake, H. Kamoda, and T. Nomoto: Microwave Variable Delay Line Using a Membrane Impregnated with Liquid Crystal. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig. 2002, pages 363 to 366, 2002 June; and T. Kuki, H. Fujikake, T. Nomoto: Microwave Variable Delay Line Using Dual-Frequency Switching-Mode Liquid Crystal. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. , Volume 50, Issue 11, page 2604 To page 2609, in November 2002, the use of the combination of polymeric LC film and dual-frequency switching mode liquid crystal and planar phase shifter arrangement was also discussed. A. Penirschke, S. Müller, P. Scheele, C. Weil, M. Wittek, C. Hock and R. Jakoby: "Cavity Perturbation Method for Characterization of Liquid Crystals up to 35GHz", 34th European Microwave Conference (European Microwave Conference)-Amsterdam, 545-548 in particular describes the properties of the known single liquid crystal substance K15 (Merck KGaA, Germany) at a frequency of 9 GHz. A. Gaebler, F. Goelden, S. Müller, A. Penirschke and R. Jakoby "Direct Simulation of Material Permittivites using an Eigen-Susceptibility Formulation of the Vector Variational Approach", 12MTC 2009-International Instrument and Measurement Technology Conference (International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Singapore, 2009 (IEEE), pages 463 to 467 describe the corresponding properties of the known liquid crystal mixture E7 (again, Merck KGaA, Germany). DE 10 2004 029 429 A describes liquid crystal media in microwave technology , Especially the use in phase shifters. DE 10 2004 029 429 A has studied the properties of liquid crystal media in the corresponding frequency range. In addition, it describes liquid crystal media containing the following compounds:

And compounds of the formula

and

Or a compound of the formula

and

Other research and development in this field are specifically aimed at reducing losses in the microwave region and improving material quality (h), as disclosed in, for example, WO 2011/009524. Liquid crystal media containing one or more of the above-mentioned compounds and similar compounds are proposed for microwave applications in, for example, DE 10 2010 025 572 A1 and WO 2013/034227 A1. These cases particularly disclose the inclusion of the following formula Liquid crystal medium of compound

Furthermore, compounds with two triple bonds are known from the current technology, for example alkynyl diphenylacetylene (WO 2015/24635 A). Typical examples are the following compounds:

A structurally related group is phenylalkynyldiphenylacetylene, which is disclosed in, for example, WO 2012/048774 and WO 2012/097853, and in which the central aromatic rings are, for example, ortho to each other via two lateral directions Substituent substitution.

and

Where R ¹ and R ² represent an alkyl group. However, these compositions suffer from serious disadvantages. Most of the shortcomings (among others) stem from unfavorably high losses and / or inappropriate phase shift or inappropriate material quality. For such applications, liquid crystal media with special, hitherto rare and unusual properties or combinations of properties are needed.

令人吃驚的是，已發現，可達成具有適當高的Δε、適宜向列相範圍及Δn且並不具有先前技術材料之缺點或至少僅具有極少其缺點之液晶介質。本發明之該等經改良液晶介質包含式A化合物

其中 R⁰¹ 係如下文R¹¹ 所定義 L⁰¹ 係如下文R¹¹ 或X¹¹ 所定義，及 -另外一或多種下文式II化合物，及 -視情況一或多種式I化合物。

其中 L¹¹ 表示R¹¹ 或X¹¹ ， L¹² 表示R¹² 或X¹² ， R¹¹ 及R¹² 彼此獨立地表示H、具有1至17個、較佳3至10個C原子之未氟化烷基或未氟化烷氧基、或具有2至15個、較佳3至10個C原子之未氟化烯基、未氟化烯氧基或未氟化烷氧基烷基，較佳地未氟化烷基或未氟化烯基， X¹¹ 及X¹² 彼此獨立地表示H、F、Cl、-CN、-NCS、-SF₅ 、具有1至7個C原子之氟化烷基或氟化烷氧基，或具有2至7個C原子之氟化烯基、未氟化或氟化烯氧基或未氟化或氟化烷氧基烷基，較佳地氟化烷氧基、氟化烯氧基、F或Cl，且

彼此獨立地表示

較佳地

其中 L²¹ 表示R²¹ ，且在Z²¹ 及/或Z²² 表示反式-CH=CH-或反式-CF=CF-之情形下，其另一選擇為表示X²¹ ， L²² 表示R²² ，且在Z²¹ 及/或Z²² 表示反式-CH=CH-或反式-CF=CF-之情形下，其另一選擇為表示X²² ， R²¹ 及R²² 彼此獨立地表示H、具有1至17個、較佳具有3至10個C原子之未氟化烷基或未氟化烷氧基、或具有2至15個、較佳3至10個C原子之未氟化烯基、未氟化炔基、未氟化烯氧基或未氟化烷氧基烷基，較佳為未氟化烷基、烯基或炔基， X²¹ 及X²² ，彼此獨立地表示F或Cl、-CN、-NCS、-SF₅ 、具有1至7個C原子之氟化烷基或烷氧基，或具有2至7個C原子之氟化烯基、烯氧基或烷氧基烷基，或-NCS，較佳為-NCS， Z²¹ 及Z²² 表示反式- CH=CH-、反式- CF=CF-、-C≡C-或單鍵，前提係Z²¹ 及Z²² 中之至少一者表示-C≡C-，

彼此獨立地表示

n 表示0或1。Surprisingly, it has been found that a liquid crystal medium having a suitably high Δε, a suitable nematic phase range and Δn, which does not have the disadvantages of prior art materials or at least has very few disadvantages, can be achieved. The improved liquid crystal media of the present invention include compounds of formula A

Further one or more compounds following the formulas II, and - - the case of one or more compounds of Formula I wherein R ⁰¹ depending on the system as defined below R ¹¹ R ¹¹ text lines L ⁰¹ X ^11, or defined, and below.

Where L ¹¹ represents R ¹¹ or X ¹¹ , L ¹² represents R ¹² or X ¹² , R ¹¹ and R ¹² independently represent H, an unfluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 17, preferably 3 to 10 C atoms Or unfluorinated alkoxy, or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenoxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, preferably not Fluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkenyl, X ¹¹ and X ¹² independently represent H, F, Cl, -CN, -NCS, -SF ₅ , fluorinated alkyl or fluorine having 1 to 7 C atoms Alkoxy groups, or fluorinated alkenyl groups having 2 to 7 C atoms, unfluorinated or fluorinated alkenoxy groups or unfluorinated or fluorinated alkoxyalkyl groups, preferably fluorinated alkoxy groups, Fluorinated alkenyloxy, F or Cl, and

Expressed independently of each other

Preferably

Where L ²¹ represents R ²¹ , and in the case where Z ²¹ and / or Z ²² represent trans-CH = CH- or trans-CF = CF-, the other option is to represent X ²¹ , and L ²² represents R ²² , And in the case where Z ²¹ and / or Z ²² represents trans-CH = CH- or trans-CF = CF-, the other option is to represent X ²² , R ²¹ and R ²² independently represent H, Unfluorinated alkyl group or unfluorinated alkoxy group having 1 to 17, preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, or unfluorinated alkenyl group having 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10 C atoms , Unfluorinated alkynyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl, preferably unfluorinated alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, X ²¹ and X ²² independently of each other represent F or Cl, -CN, -NCS, -SF ₅ , fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or fluorinated alkenyl, alkenoxy or alkoxy having 2 to 7 C atoms alkyl, or -NCS, preferably -NCS, Z ²¹ and Z ²² denotes trans - CH = CH-, trans - CF = CF -, - C≡C- or a single bond, Z ²¹ and Z based premise At least one of ²² means -C≡C-,

Expressed independently of each other

n means 0 or 1.

在本發明之較佳實施例中，液晶介質包含一或多種選自子式A-1及A-2之化合物之群之式A化合物

其中R⁰¹ 及R⁰² 表示具有1至7個C原子之烷基且X⁰¹ 表示F、Cl、-NCS、-SF₅ 、具有1至7個C原子之氟化烷基、氟化烯基或氟化烷氧基。在本發明之較佳實施例中，液晶介質包含一或多種較佳地選自式I-1至I-3化合物之群之式I化合物

其中參數具有上文針對式I所指示之各別含義，且較佳地， R¹¹ 表示具有1至7個C原子之未氟化烷基或具有2至7個C原子之未氟化烯基， R¹² 表示具有1至7個C原子之未氟化烷基或具有2至7個C原子之未氟化烯基或具有1至7個C原子之未氟化烷氧基， X¹¹ 及X¹² 彼此獨立地表示F、Cl、OCF₃ 、CF₃ 、-CN、-NCS或-SF₅ ，較佳為F、Cl、OCF₃ 或-CN。式I-1化合物較佳地選自式I-1a至I-1d化合物之群

其中參數具有上文針對式I-1所指示之各別含義且其中 Y¹¹ 及Y¹² 彼此獨立地表示H或F，且較佳地 R¹¹ 表示烷基或烯基，且 X¹² 表示F、Cl或OCF₃ 。式I-2化合物較佳地選自式I-2a至I-2e化合物之群及/或選自式I-2f及I-2g化合物之群

其中在每一情形下，式I-2a化合物不包括式I-2b及式I-2c化合物，式I-2b化合物不包括式I-2c化合物，且式I-2g化合物不包括式I-2f化合物，且其中參數具有上文針對式I-1所指示之各別含義且其中 Y¹¹ 及Y¹² 各自彼此獨立地表示H或F，且較佳地 R¹² 表示烷基或烯基， Y¹¹ 及Y¹² 表示H，且另一者表示H或F，較佳同樣表示H。式I-3化合物較佳係式I-3a化合物：

其中參數具有上文針對式I-1所指示之各別含義且其中較佳地 X¹¹ 表示F、Cl，較佳為F， X¹² 表示F、Cl或-OCF₃ ，較佳為-OCF₃ 。在本發明之甚至更佳實施例中，式I化合物係選自化合物I-1a至I-1d之群，較佳地選自化合物I-1c及I-1d之群。式I-1a化合物較佳地選自化合物I-1a-1及I-1a-2之群

其中 R¹¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 ，其中 n 表示在0至7範圍內、較佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且尤佳為3或7。式I-1b化合物較佳為式I-1b-1化合物：

其中 R¹¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 ，其中 n 表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數。式I-1c化合物較佳選自式I-1c-1及I-1c-4化合物之群，較佳地選自式I-1c-1及I-1c-2化合物之群，

其中 R¹¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 ，其中 n 表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數。式I-1d化合物較佳選自式I-1d-1及I-1d-2化合物之群，較佳地選自式I-1d-2化合物，

其中 R¹¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 ，其中 n 表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數。式I-2a化合物較佳選自式I-2a-1及I-2a-2化合物之群，較佳地選自式I-2a-1化合物，

其中 R¹¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R¹² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。具體而言在式I-2a-1中(R¹¹ 及R¹² )之較佳組合係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )、(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )、(CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z 及C_m H_2m+1 )、(CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )及(C_n H_2n+1 及(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ )。式I-2b之較佳化合物係式I-2b-1化合物：

其中 R¹¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R¹² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R¹¹ 及R¹² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )。式I-2c之較佳化合物係式I-2c-1化合物：

其中 R¹¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R¹² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R¹¹ 及R¹² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )。式I-2d之較佳化合物係式I-2d-1化合物：

其中 R¹¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R¹² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R¹¹ 及R¹² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )。式I-2e之較佳化合物係式I-2e-1化合物：

其中 R¹¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R¹² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R¹¹ 及R¹² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )。式I-2f之較佳化合物係式I-2f-1化合物：

其中 R¹¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R¹² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R¹¹ 及R¹² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )及(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )，尤佳為(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )。式I-2g之較佳化合物係式I-2g-1化合物：

其中 R¹¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R¹² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R¹¹ 及R¹² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )及(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )，尤佳為(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )。式II化合物較佳選自式II-1至II-6化合物之群，

其中 Z²¹ 及Z²² 表示反式-CH=CH-或反式-CF=CF-，較佳地反式-CH=CH-，且其他參數具有上文在式II下所給出之含義，且較佳地 R²¹ 及R²² 彼此獨立地表示H、具有1至17個、較佳具有3至10個C原子之未氟化烷基或未氟化烷氧基，或具有2至15個、較佳3至10個C原子之未氟化烯基、未氟化炔基、未氟化烯氧基或未氟化烷氧基烷基，較佳為未氟化烷基、烯基或炔基， X²² 表示F、Cl、-CN或-NCS，較佳為-NCS，且

且其他彼此獨立地表示

R²¹ 表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R²² 表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 、(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ 或-CºC-(CH₂ )_Z-1 CH₃ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2，且其中式II-3化合物不包括式II-2化合物。式II-1化合物較佳地選自式II-1a及II-1b化合物之群：

其中 R²¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R²² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳地表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 、(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ 或-CºC-(CH₂ )_y CH₃ 且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 y 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0， z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。在尤佳實施例中，式II-1a及II-1b化合物係選自式II-1a-1及II-1a-2化合物之群

其中R²¹ 及R²² 表示具有1至6個C原子之烷基。式II-2化合物較佳選自式II-2a及II-2b化合物之群，較佳地選自式II-2a化合物之群，

其中 R²¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R²² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R²¹ 及R²² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )及(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )，在式II-1a之情形下尤佳為(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )，且在式II-1b之情形下尤佳為(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )。式II-3化合物較佳地為式II-3a化合物：

其中 R²¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R²² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R²¹ 及R²² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )及(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )。式II-4化合物較佳地為式II-4a化合物：

其中參數具有上文針對式II-4所指示之含義且較佳地 R²¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 ，其中 n 表示在0至7範圍內、較佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 X²² 表示-F、-Cl、-OCF₃ 、-CN或-NCS，尤佳為-NCS。式II-5化合物較佳地為式II-5a化合物：

其中參數具有上文針對式II-4所指示之含義且較佳地 R²¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 ，其中 n 表示在0至7範圍內、較佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 X²² 表示-F、-Cl、-OCF₃ 、-CN或-NCS，尤佳為-NCS。式II之其他較佳化合物係下式化合物：

其中 n 表示在0至7範圍內、較佳在1至5範圍內之整數。式II-6化合物較佳地選自式II-6a至以下各式之化合物之群：

其中R²¹ 及R²² 表示具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。本發明介質視情況包含一或多種式III化合物

其中 L³¹ 表示R³¹ 或X³¹ ， L³² 表示R³² 或X³² ， R³¹ 及R³² 彼此獨立地表示H、具有1至17個、較佳具有3至10個C原子之未氟化烷基或未氟化烷氧基，或具有2至15個、較佳3至10個C原子之未氟化烯基、未氟化烯氧基或未氟化烷氧基烷基，較佳為未氟化烷基或未氟化烯基， X³¹ 及X³² 彼此獨立地表示H、F、Cl、-CN、-NCS、-SF₅ 、具有1至7個C原子之氟化烷基或氟化烷氧基、或具有2至7個C原子之氟化烯基、未氟化或氟化烯氧基或未氟化或氟化烷氧基烷基，較佳為氟化烷氧基、氟化烯氧基、F或Cl，且 Z³¹ 至Z³³ ，彼此獨立地表示反式-CH=CH-、反式-CF=CF-、-C≡C-或單鍵，較佳地其中之一或多者表示單鍵，尤佳地所有皆表示單鍵，且

彼此獨立地表示

式III化合物較佳選自式III-1至III-7化合物之群，

其中式III-5化合物不包括式III-6化合物，且其中參數具有上文針對式III所指示之各別含義，且較佳地， R³¹ 表示各自具有1至7個C原子之未氟化烷基或烷氧基、或具有2至7個C原子之未氟化烯基， R³² 表示各自具有1至7個C原子之未氟化烷基或烷氧基、或具有2至7個C原子之未氟化烯基，且 X³² 表示F、Cl或-OCF₃ ，較佳為F，且 Y³¹ 、Y³² 相同或不同地表示H或F。尤佳地， R³¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R³² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。式III-1化合物較佳選自式III-1a至III-1d化合物之群，

其中X³² 具有上文針對式III所給出之含義，且 R³¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 ，其中 n 表示1至7、較佳2至6、尤佳2、3或5， z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2，且 X³² 較佳表示F。式III-2化合物較佳選自式III-2a及III-2b、較佳地式III-2a之化合物之群，

其中 R³¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R³² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R³¹ 及R³² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )及(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )，尤佳為(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )。式III-3化合物較佳地為式III-3a化合物：

其中 R³¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R³² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R³¹ 及R³² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )及(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )，尤佳為(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )。式III-4化合物較佳地為式III-4a化合物：

其中 R³¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R³² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R³¹ 及R³² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )及(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )，尤佳為(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )。式III-5化合物較佳選自式III-5a及III-5b、較佳地式III-5a之化合物之群，

其中 R³¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R³² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R³¹ 及R³² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )及(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )，尤佳為(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )。式III-6化合物較佳選自式III-6a及III-6b之化合物之群，

其中 R³¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R³² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R³¹ 及R³² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )及(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )，尤佳為(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )。本發明介質視情況包含一或多種式IV化合物

其中 R⁴¹ 及R⁴² 彼此獨立地表示H、具有1至15個、較佳3至10個C原子之未氟化烷基或烷氧基、或具有2至15個、較佳3至10個C原子之未氟化烯基、烯氧基或烷氧基烷基，較佳為未氟化烷基或烯基， Z⁴¹ 及Z⁴² 中之一者表示反式-CH=CH-、反式-CF=CF-或-C≡C-，且另一者與其獨立地表示反式-CH=CH-、反式-CF=CF-或單鍵，較佳地，其中之一者表示-C≡C-或反式-CH=CH-，且另一者表示單鍵，且

彼此獨立地表示

式IV化合物較佳選自式IV-1至IV-3之化合物之群，

其中 Y⁴¹ 及Y⁴² 中之一者表示H且另一者表示H或F，且 R⁴¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R⁴² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R⁴¹ 及R⁴² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )及(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )，尤佳為(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )。式IV-1化合物較佳選自式IV-1a至IV-1c之化合物之群，

其中 R⁴¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R⁴² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R⁴¹ 及R⁴² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )及(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )，尤佳為(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )。本發明介質視情況包含一或多種式V化合物

其中 L⁵¹ 表示R⁵¹ 或X⁵¹ ， L⁵² 表示R⁵² 或X⁵² ， R⁵¹ 及R⁵² 彼此獨立地表示H、具有1至15個、較佳3至10個C原子之未氟化烷基或烷氧基、或具有2至15個、較佳3至10個C原子之未氟化烯基、烯氧基或烷氧基烷基，較佳為未氟化烷基或烯基， X⁵¹ 及X⁵² 彼此獨立地表示H、F、Cl、-CN、-NCS、-SF₅ 、具有1至7個C原子之氟化烷基或氟化烷氧基、或具有2至7個C原子之氟化烯基、未氟化或氟化烯氧基或未氟化或氟化烷氧基烷基，較佳為氟化烷氧基、氟化烯氧基、F或Cl，且 Z⁵¹ 至Z⁵³ ，彼此獨立地表示反式-CH=CH-、反式-CF=CF-、-C≡C-或單鍵，較佳地，其中之一或多者表示單鍵，且尤佳地所有皆表示單鍵，

彼此獨立地表示

式V化合物較佳選自式V-1至V-3化合物之群，

其中參數具有上文在式V下所指示之各別含義，且較佳地，

且其中 R⁵¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ， R⁵² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ， X⁵² 具有上文所指示之含義， n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R⁵¹ 及R⁵² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )及(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )。式V-1化合物較佳係選自式V-1a至式V-1e化合物之群，更佳地該等式V-1化合物主要由其組成、甚至更佳基本上由其組成且極佳完全由其組成：

其中參數具有上文所給出之含義，且較佳地， R⁵¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 ，且 n 表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 X⁵² 較佳表示F或Cl。式V-2化合物較佳選自式V-2a及V-2b之化合物之群，

其中 R⁵¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R⁵² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或O-C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R⁵¹ 及R⁵² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )。式V-3化合物較佳為式V-3a及式V-3b化合物：

其中 R⁵¹ 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_n H_2n+1 或CH₂ =CH-(CH₂ )_Z ，且 R⁵² 具有上文所指示之含義且較佳表示C_m H_2m+1 或(CH₂ )_Z -CH=CH₂ ，且其中 n及m 彼此獨立地表示在0至15範圍內、較佳在1至7、且尤佳在1至5範圍內之整數，且 z 表示0、1、2、3或4，較佳為0或2。 (R⁵¹ 及R⁵² )之較佳組合在此處尤其係(C_n H_2n+1 及C_m H_2m+1 )及(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )，尤佳為(C_n H_2n+1 及O-C_m H_2m+1 )。本發明介質視情況包含一或多種式VI化合物

其中 R⁶¹ ，彼此獨立地表示具有1至7個C原子之烷基、烷氧基、氟化烷基或氟化烷氧基、具有2至7個C原子之烯基、烯氧基、烷氧基烷基或氟化烯基，且R² 及R³ 較佳地為烷基或烯基，

彼此獨立地為

L⁶¹ 、L⁶² 彼此獨立地表示H或F，較佳地L⁶¹ 及/或L⁶² 係F， X⁶¹ 表示鹵素、具有1至3個C原子之鹵化烷基或烷氧基或具有2個或3個C原子之鹵化烯基或烯氧基，較佳地為F、Cl、-OCF₃ 或-CF₃ ，最佳地為F、Cl或-OCF₃ ， l、m 彼此獨立地表示0或1。式VI化合物較佳地選自式VI-1

其中參數具有在式VI下所給出之各別含義且L⁶³ 及L⁶⁴ 表示H或F，較佳地F。在本發明之較佳實施例中，式VI化合物係選自式VI-1化合物，其中L⁶¹ 、L⁶² 、L⁶³ 及L⁶⁴ 皆為F。較佳地，式VI-1化合物係選自式VI-1a至VI-1d化合物之群，具體而言較佳地選自式VI-1d之化合物，

其中參數具有上文所給出之各別含義。本發明液晶介質可視情況另外包含一或多種選自由下式組成之群之聯苯化合物：

其中烷基及烷基* 各自彼此獨立地表示具有1至6個C原子之直鏈烷基，且烯基及烯基* 各自彼此獨立地表示具有2至6個C原子之直鏈烯基。烯基及烯基*較佳地表示CH₂ =CH-、CH₂ =CHCH₂ CH₂ -、CH₃ -CH=CH-、CH₃ -CH₂ -CH=CH-、CH₃ -(CH₂ )₂ -CH=CH-、CH₃ -(CH₂ )₃ -CH=CH-或CH₃ -CH=CH-(CH₂ )₂ -。式VII-2化合物尤佳。式VII-1至VII-3化合物較佳地選自由以下子式組成之群：

其中烷基*表示具有1至6個碳原子之烷基。本發明之介質尤佳包含一或多種式VII-1a及/或VII-2c之化合物。本發明之液晶介質可視情況另外包含一或多種選自由下式組成之群之介電中性化合物：

其中個別基團具有以下含義：

R³ 及R⁴ 各自彼此獨立地表示具有1至12個C原子之烷基，其中，另外，一或兩個非毗鄰CH₂ 基團可以O原子彼此不直接連接之方式由-O-、-CH=CH-、-CO-、-O-CO-或-CO-O-替代， Z^y 表示-CH₂ CH₂ -、-CH=CH-、-CF₂ O-、-OCF₂ -、-CH₂ O-、-OCH₂ -、-CO-O-、-O-CO-、-C₂ F₄ -、-CF=CF-、-CH=CH-CH₂ O-或單鍵，較佳地單鍵。式VIII-化合物較佳選自由以下子式組成之群：

其中烷基及烷基*各自彼此獨立地表示具有1至6個C原子之直鏈烷基，且烯基表示具有2至6個C原子之直鏈烯基。烯基較佳地表示CH₂ =CH-、CH₂ =CHCH₂ CH₂ -、CH₃ -CH=CH-、CH₃ -CH₂ -CH=CH-、CH₃ -(CH₂ )₂ -CH=CH-、CH₃ -(CH₂ )₃ -CH=CH-或CH₃ -CH=CH-(CH₂ )₂ -。尤佳者係式VIII-1及VIII-3之化合物。式VIII-之尤佳化合物係選自下子式：

其中丙基、丁基及戊基係直鏈基團。最佳者係式VIII-1a及VIII-3a之化合物。本發明之另一標的係式A-2化合物

其中 R⁰¹ 具有如在技術方案1中所指示之含義，且 X⁰¹ 表示F、Cl、-NCS、-SF₅ 、具有1至7個C原子之氟化烷基、氟化烯基或氟化烷氧基。較佳地，式A-2化合物係選自以下子式A-2a至A-2f之化合物

通式A之化合物可藉由本身已知之方法來製備，如文獻(例如在標準著作中，例如Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart)中所闡述，其係在適於該等反應之已知反應條件下進行。此處可使用此處未更詳細提及之本身已知之變化形式。若期望，起始材料亦可不藉由將其與反應混合物分離而是立即將其進一步轉化為通式I之化合物而原位形成。本發明之各種通式I化合物之合成將在實例中進行闡釋。起始物質可藉由通常易於獲得之文獻程序獲得或可自市面購得。所闡述之反應類型應視為係自文獻得知的。下文(方案1及2)闡述本發明化合物之尤佳合成途徑。自4-溴-2,5-二氟-1-碘苯(2 )開始，可在兩個後續Sonogashira偶合步驟中使用經取代之苯基乙炔1 獲得化合物A。另一選擇為，對於具有等同取代基R⁰¹ 及L⁰¹ 之化合物，亦可僅在一個步驟中實施偶合。方案1.

端視取代基之性質，可有利地自更容易獲得之1,4-二溴-2,5-二氟苯(5 )開始並分離化合物6 及A’之混合物(若需要)(方案2)。方案2.

在本發明之較佳實施例中，介質包含一或多種式A及II之化合物。在本發明之另一較佳實施例中，介質包含一或多種式A、I及II之化合物。在本發明之較佳實施例中，介質包含一或多種具有大於3之介電各向異性之式I-1之介電正性化合物。在第一較佳實施例中，式II化合物較佳選自式II-2a及II-1a之化合物。在第二較佳實施例中，式II化合物較佳選自式II-2a及II-1a之化合物。在第三較佳實施例中，式II化合物較佳選自式II-6、較佳地II-6d或II-6d及II-6a之化合物。在第四較佳實施例中，介質另外包含一或多種式II-1b-1之化合物。根據本發明，式A化合物之總使用濃度較佳為1%至30%、較佳5%至20%且尤佳10%至15%。根據本發明，個別式I化合物之總使用濃度較佳為總混合物之0%至30%，更佳為5%至25%，甚至更佳為10%至25%，且極佳為15%至25%。式II化合物之總使用濃度較佳為總混合物之30%至99%，更佳為35%至95%，甚至更佳為40%至90%，且極佳為40%至85%。式II-2a化合物之總使用濃度較佳為總混合物之20%至70%，更佳為30%至65%，甚至更佳為40%至60%，且極佳為45%至55%。式II-1a化合物之總使用濃度較佳為總混合物之5%至50%，更佳為15%至40%，甚至更佳為20%至35%，且極佳為25%至30%。式II-1b-1化合物較佳與化合物II-2a組合使用，其總濃度為總混合物之1%至30%，更佳為5%至30%，甚至更佳為10%至20%且極佳為14%至17%。式II-1b-1化合物較佳與化合物II-6組合使用，其總濃度為總混合物之10%至60%，更佳為15%至50%，甚至更佳為20%至40%且極佳為30%至35%。式II-6化合物之總使用濃度較佳為總混合物之20%至70%，更佳為30%至65%，甚至更佳為40%至60%，且極佳為45%至55%。液晶介質較佳地包含總共50%至100%、更佳60%至100%且極佳70%至100%之式A、I及II之化合物或化合物A及II、較佳地主要由其組成且極佳地完全由其組成。本申請案之液晶介質較佳包含總共0至40%、較佳0至30%且尤佳5%至25%之式IV化合物。本申請案之液晶介質較佳包含總共5%至30%、較佳10%至25%且尤佳15%至20%之式V化合物。混合物中式VI化合物之比例較佳地在0%至10%、更佳2%至8%且尤佳地3%至6%之範圍內。混合物中式VII-1至VII-3聯苯之比例較佳地在0%至15%、更佳1%至10%且尤佳3%至8%之範圍內。混合物中式VIII-1至VIII-10化合物之比例較佳在0%至20%、更佳5%至18%且尤佳10%至16%之範圍內。此外，本發明介質較佳地包含熟習此項技術者自當前技術已知之其他液晶原化合物以便使混合物之性質適應具體應用。較佳化合物顯示於表D中但亦可視情況且有利地將上文未明確提及之其他液晶原化合物用於本發明介質中。該等化合物已為熟習此項技術者所知。該等縮寫(首字母縮略詞)之定義同樣在下表D中指示或可自表A至C明瞭。本發明之液晶介質較佳地具有90°C或更大、更佳120°C或更大、尤佳150°C或更大之澄清點。本發明介質之向列相較佳地至少自-10°C或更小延伸至90°C或更大，更佳至少自-20°C或更小延伸至120°C或更大，最佳地至少自-30°C或更小延伸至150°C或更大。表述「具有向列相」在此處意味著，一方面在相應溫度之低溫下觀察不到層列相及結晶，且另一方面在加熱時向列相不出現澄清。在相應溫度下使用流量式黏度計實施低溫研究，且藉由在層厚度為5 µm之測試單元中儲存達至少100小時來進行檢查。在高溫下，所有澄清點皆係在毛細管中藉由習用方法來量測。在1 kHz及20℃下，本發明液晶介質之∆ε較佳為1或更大，更佳為2或更大且極佳為3或更大。然而在一些實施例中，亦可有利地使用具有負介電各向異性值之液晶。在589 nm (Na_D )及20℃下，本發明液晶介質之∆n較佳在0.200或更大至0.90或更小之範圍內，更佳在0.250或更大至0.90或更小之範圍內，甚至更佳在0.300或更大至0.85或更小之範圍內且極尤佳在0.350或更大至0.800或更小之範圍內。此外，本發明之液晶介質之特徵在於在微波範圍內具有高各向異性。在約8.3 GHz下之雙折射率較佳為(例如) 0.14或更高，尤佳為0.15或更高，尤佳為0.20或更高，尤佳為0.25或更高，且極尤佳為0.30或更高。此外，雙折射率較佳為0.80或更低。較佳液晶材料之優值(Figure of Merit，FoM)h(m-波)/tan(δ)為5或更大，較佳為10或更大，且尤佳為20或更大。在本申請案中，表述介電正性闡述Δε＞ 3.0之化合物或組份，介電中性闡述1.5 ≤Δε≤ 3.0之彼等，且介電負性闡述Δε＜ 1.5之彼等。Δε係在1 kHz頻率及20℃下測定。各別化合物之介電各向異性係根據各個別化合物於向列主體混合物中之10%溶液之結果來確定。若主體混合物中各別化合物之溶解度低於10%，則濃度降至5%。測試混合物之電容係在具有垂直配向之單元及具有水平配向之單元二者中測定。該兩種類型單元之單元厚度均為約20 µm。施加電壓係頻率為1 kHz之矩形波且有效值通常為0.5 V至1.0 V，但其始終經選擇以低於各別測試混合物之電容臨限值。 Δε係定義為(ε_‖ - ε_⊥ )，而ε_ave. 為(ε_‖ +2 ε_⊥ ) / 3。用於介電正性化合物之主體混合物係混合物ZLI-4792，且用於介電中性及介電負性化合物之主體混合物係混合物ZLI-3086，二者皆來自Merck KGaA, Germany。化合物介電常數之絕對值係在添加所關注化合物時主體混合物各別值之變化來測定。將該等值外推至100%之所關注化合物之濃度。照此量測在20℃之量測溫度下具有向列相之組份，所有其他組份皆如化合物一樣進行處理。在本申請案中，表述臨限值電壓係指光臨限值且係針對10%相對反差(V₁₀ )而提出，且表述飽和電壓係指光飽和且係針對90%相對反差(V₉₀ )而提出，在該兩種情形下另外明確說明之情形除外。電容臨限值電壓(V₀ )(亦稱為Freedericks臨限值(V_Fr ))僅在明確提及時使用。除非另有明確說明，否則在本申請案中所指示之參數範圍皆包括極限值。所指示用於各性質範圍之不同上限及下限值彼此組合而產生其他較佳範圍。除非另有明確說明，否則在整個本申請案中，以下條件及定義均適用。所有濃度皆表示為重量百分數且係關於各別混合物整體，所有溫度皆表示為攝氏度，且所有溫度差皆表示為度數差。所有物理性質皆係根據「Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals」，Status，1997年11月，Merck KGaA, Germany來測定，且除非另有明確說明，否則係在20℃之溫度下提出。光學各向異性(Δn)係在589.3 nm之波長下測定。介電各向異性(Δε)係在1 kHz之頻率下測定。臨限值電壓以及其他電光性質係使用Merck KGaA，Germany產生之測試單元來測定。用於測定Δε之測試單元具有約20 µm之單元厚度。電極係具有1.13 cm² 面積及保護環之圓形ITO電極。定向層係來自Nissan Chemicals, Japan之SE-1211 (用於垂直定向(ε_‖ ))及來自Japan Synthetic Rubber, Japan之聚醯亞胺AL-1054 (用於均勻定向(ε_⊥ ))。電容係使用Solatron 1260頻率響應分析器且使用具有0.3 V_rms 電壓之正弦波來測定。電光量測中所用之光係白光。此處使用利用來自Autronic-Melchers, Germany之市售DSM儀器之設定。已在垂直觀察下測定特徵電壓。已分別在10%、50%及90%相對反差下測定臨限值(V₁₀ )、中間灰度(V₅₀ )及飽和(V₉₀ )電壓。如A. Penirschke、S. Müller、P. Scheele、C. Weil、M. Wittek、C. Hock及R. Jakoby：「Cavity Perturbation Method for Characterization of Liquid Crystals up to 35GHz」，第34屆歐洲微波會議– Amsterdam, 第545頁至第548頁中所闡述研究液晶介質在微波頻率範圍方面之性質。在此方面之比較亦參見A. Gaebler、F. Gölden、S. Müller、A. Penirschke及R. Jakoby 「Direct Simulation of Material Permittivites …」, 12MTC 2009 – International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Singapore, 2009 (IEEE), 第463頁至第467頁及DE 10 2004 029 429 A，其中同樣詳細闡述量測方法。微波區中之介電各向異性定義為 Δε_r ≡(ε_r, _‖ - ε_r, _⊥ )。可調諧性(τ)定義為 τ≡(Δε_r / ε_r, _‖ )。材料品質(η)定義為 h≡(τ/ tan δ_ε _r,max. )，其中最大介電損耗係 tan δ_ε _r,max. ≡ max. { tan δ_ε _r, _⊥ ；tan δ_ε _r,‖ }。將液晶引入聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)毛細管中。該毛細管具有180 mm之內徑及350 mm之外徑。有效長度為2.0 cm。將經填充毛細管引入共振頻率為30 GHz之空腔之中心中。此空腔具有6.6 mm之長度、7.1 mm之寬度及3.6 mm之高度。然後施加輸入信號(源)，且使用市售向量網路分析儀記錄輸出信號之結果。使用在利用填充有液晶之毛細管量測與不用填充有液晶之毛細管量測之間共振頻率及Q因子之變化A. Penirschke、S. Müller、P. Scheele、C. Weil、M. Wittek、C. Hock及R. Jakoby：「Cavity Perturbation Method for Characterization of Liquid Crystals up to 35GHz」, 第34屆歐洲微波會議– Amsterdam，第545頁至第548頁中之等式10及11如其中所闡述來測定相應目標頻率下之介電常數及損耗角。藉由在磁場中對準液晶來獲得垂直及平行於液晶指向矢之性質的分量值。為此，使用永磁體之磁場。磁場之強度為0.35特斯拉(tesla)。相應地設定磁體之對準且然後相應地旋轉90°。較佳組件係移相器、變容器、無線及無線電波天線陣列、匹配電路自適應濾波器及其他組件。在本申請案中，除非另有明確說明，否則術語化合物意指一種化合物及複數種化合物二者。所使用液晶係個別物質或混合物。其較佳具有向列相。術語「烷基」較佳涵蓋具有1至15個碳原子之直鏈及具支鏈烷基，具體而言直鏈基團甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基及庚基。具有2至10個碳原子之基團通常較佳。術語「烯基」較佳涵蓋具有2至15個碳原子之直鏈及具支鏈烯基，尤其係直鏈基團。尤佳之烯基係C₂ -至C₇ -1E-烯基、C₄ -至C₇ -3E-烯基、C₅ -至C₇ -4-烯基、C₆ -至C₇ -5-烯基及C₇ -6-烯基，具體而言係C₂ -至C₇ -1E-烯基、C₄ -至C₇ -3E-烯基及C₅ -至C₇ -4-烯基。其他較佳烯基之實例係乙烯基、1E-丙烯基、1E-丁烯基、1E-戊烯基、1E-己烯基、1E-庚烯基、3-丁烯基、3E-戊烯基、3E-己烯基、3E-庚烯基、4-戊烯基、4Z-己烯基、4E-己烯基、4Z-庚烯基、5-己烯基、6-庚烯基及諸如此類。具有至多5個碳原子之基團通常較佳。術語「氟烷基」較佳涵蓋具有末端氟之直鏈基團，即氟甲基、2-氟乙基、3-氟丙基、4-氟丁基、5-氟戊基、6-氟己基及7-氟庚基。然而，不排除氟之其他位置。術語「氧雜烷基」或「烷氧基烷基」較佳涵蓋式C_n H_2n+1 -O-(CH₂ )_m 之直鏈基團，其中n及m各自彼此獨立地表示1至10。較佳地，n係1且m係1至6。含有乙烯基末端基團之化合物及含有甲基末端基團之化合物具有低旋轉黏度。在本申請案中，高頻技術及超高頻技術二者表示頻率在1 MHz至1 THz、較佳1 GHz至500 GHz、更佳2 GHz至300 GHz、尤佳約5 GHz至150 GHz範圍內之應用。本發明液晶介質可以常規濃度包含其他添加劑及對掌性摻雜劑。基於總混合物，該等其他成份之總濃度在0%至10%、較佳0.1%至6%範圍內。所用個別化合物各自之濃度較佳在0.1%至3%範圍內。在本申請案中，該等及類似添加劑之濃度並不計入液晶介質之液晶組份及液晶化合物之濃度值及範圍內。本發明液晶介質由複數種化合物、較佳3至30種、更佳4至20種且極佳4至16種化合物組成。該等化合物係以習用方式加以混合。一般而言，將以較少量使用之期望量化合物溶解於以較大量使用之化合物中。若溫度高於以較高濃度使用之化合物之澄清點，則尤其易於觀察到溶解過程之完成。然而，亦可以其他習用方式來製備介質，例如使用可為(例如)化合物之同系或低共熔混合物之所謂的預混合物、或使用所謂的「多瓶」系統(其成份自身係即用混合物)。所有溫度(例如，液晶之熔點T(C,N)或T(C,S)、自層列(S)相至向列(N)相之轉變溫度T(S,N)及澄清點T(N,I))皆以攝氏度表示。所有溫度差皆以度數差表示。在本發明中且尤其在以下實例中，液晶原化合物之結構係由縮寫(亦稱為首字母縮略詞)來表示。在該等首字母縮略詞中，使用下表A至C將化學式縮寫如下。所有基團C_n H_2n+1 、C_m H_2m+1 及C_l H_2l+1 或C_n H_2n-1 、C_m H_2m-1 及C_l H_2l-1 皆表示直鏈烷基或烯基，較佳地表示1-E -烯基，其在每一情形下分別具有n個、m個或l個C原子。表A列示用於化合物核心結構之環要素之代碼，而表B顯示連接基團。表C給出左手側或右手側末端基團之代碼之含義。表D結合化合物各自之縮寫展示其闡釋性結構。表 A ：環元素

表 B ： 連接基團

表 C ：端基

其中n及m各自表示整數，且三個點「...」係來自此表之其他縮寫之佔位符。下表結合各自之縮寫來顯示闡釋性結構。顯示該等結構以闡釋縮寫規則之含義。此外，其代表較佳使用之化合物。表 D ： 闡釋性結構 尤佳採用之具有兩個6員環之化合物之闡釋性結構：

尤佳採用之具有萘環之化合物之闡釋性結構：

尤佳採用之具有三個6員環之化合物之闡釋性結構：

尤佳採用之具有四個6員環之化合物之闡釋性結構：

較佳採用之介電中性化合物之闡釋性結構：

較佳採用之其他化合物之闡釋性結構：

下表(表E)顯示可用作本發明液晶原介質中之穩定劑之闡釋性化合物。該等化合物及類似化合物在介質中之總濃度較佳為5%或更小。表 E

在本發明之較佳實施例中，液晶原介質包含一或多種選自來自表E之化合物之群的化合物。下表(表F)顯示可較佳用作本發明液晶原介質中之對掌性摻雜劑之闡釋性化合物。表 F

在本發明之較佳實施例中，液晶原介質包含一或多種選自來自表F之化合物之群的化合物。本申請案之液晶原介質較佳包含兩種或更多種(較佳4種或更多種)選自由來自上表之化合物組成之群的化合物。本發明之液晶介質較佳包含： - 7種或更多種、較佳8種或更多種選自表D化合物之群的化合物，較佳為具有3個或更多個、較佳4個或更多個不同式的化合物。除非另有指示，否則所有飽和碳環較佳皆具有反式構形(若可能)。表D之化合物已為熟悉此技術者熟知且可根據別處闡述之程序來合成。上下文所給出之所有百分比皆為基於總混合物之質量百分比。實例下文實例闡釋本發明，而不以任一方式對其進行限制。合成 4-烷基苯基乙炔及4-氟苯基乙炔已在文獻中熟知且如其中所闡述來合成。 1. 1-(4-丁基-苯基乙炔基)-2,5-二氟-4-(4-己基-苯基乙炔基)-苯 1.1 1-溴-4-(4-乙基-苯基乙炔基)-2,5-二氟-苯及1,4-雙-(4-己基-苯基乙炔基)-2,5-二氟-苯

在70℃下向1,4-二溴-2,5-二氟苯(101 g, 0.37 mol)、雙(三苯基膦)氯化鈀(II)(15.0 g, 0.02 mol)及碘化亞銅(I)(2.0 g, 0.01 mol)於二異丙胺(500 ml)中之混合物中逐滴添加4-己基苯基乙炔(CAS 79887-11-9, 93.2 g, 0.50 mol)於二異丙胺(1.00 l)中之溶液。將反應物在室溫下攪拌過夜，過濾並在真空中蒸發溶劑。藉由管柱層析利用石油醚在二氧化矽上分離產物混合物以得到1-溴-4-(4-乙基-苯基乙炔基)-2,5-二氟-苯及1,4-雙-(4-己基-苯基乙炔基)-2,5-二氟-苯。使後者自石油醚重結晶以得到無色晶體(熔點94℃)。 1.2 1-(4-丁基-苯基乙炔基)-2,5-二氟-4-(4-己基-苯基乙炔基)-苯

在70℃下向1-溴-4-(4-乙基-苯基乙炔基)-2,5-二氟-苯(19.5 g, 45.5 mmol)、雙(三苯基膦)氯化鈀(II)(1.5 g, 2.0 mmol)及碘化亞銅(I)(0.2 g, 1.0 mmol)於二異丙胺(50 ml)中之混合物中逐滴添加4-丁基苯基乙炔(9.0 g, 56.9 mmol)於二異丙胺(100 ml)中之溶液。將反應物在室溫下攪拌過夜，過濾且在真空中蒸發溶劑。藉由管柱層析利用石油醚在二氧化矽上純化產物並自石油醚重結晶以得到1-(4-丁基-苯基乙炔基)-2,5-二氟-4-(4-己基-苯基乙炔基)-苯之無色晶體(熔點73℃)。 2. 1-(4-丁基-苯基乙炔基)-2,5-二氟-4-(4-氟-苯基乙炔基)-苯 2.1 1-溴-2,5-二氟-4-(4-氟-苯基乙炔基)-苯

在70℃下向1,4-二溴-2,5-二氟苯(171.3 g, 0.63 mol)、雙(三苯基膦)氯化鈀(II)(11.7 g, 16.6 mmol)及碘化亞銅(I) (1.6 g, 8.3 mmol)於二異丙胺(500 ml)中之混合物中逐滴添加4-氟苯基乙炔(50.0 g, 0.42 mol)於二異丙胺(1000 ml)中之溶液。將反應物在室溫下攪拌過夜，過濾且在真空中蒸發溶劑。藉由管柱層析利用石油醚在二氧化矽上純化產物並自石油醚重結晶以得到1-溴-2,5-二氟-4-(4-氟-苯基乙炔基)-苯之無色晶體。 2.2 1-(4-丁基-苯基乙炔基)-2,5-二氟-4-(4-氟-苯基乙炔基)-苯

在70℃下向1-溴-2,5-二氟-4-(4-氟-苯基乙炔基)-苯(16.0 g, 45.0 mmol)、雙(三苯基膦)氯化鈀(II)(1.5 g, 2.0 mmol)及碘化亞銅(I)(0.2 g, 1.0 mmol)於二異丙胺(80 ml)中之混合物中逐滴添加4-丁基苯基乙炔(8.5 g, 54.0 mmol)於二異丙胺(100 ml)中之溶液。將反應物在室溫下攪拌過夜，過濾且在真空中蒸發溶劑。藉由管柱層析利用石油醚在二氧化矽上純化產物並自石油醚重結晶以得到呈無色晶體之1-(4-乙基-苯基乙炔基)-2,5-二氟-4-(4-氟-苯基乙炔基)-苯(熔點99℃)。下表1顯示實例1及2及以與上文所述合成類似之方式獲得之其他化合物之相序。

表1.

混合物實例 將該等實例與來自當前技術之不含本發明式A化合物之參考混合物相比較。實例 1.1 至 1.4 製備以下參考混合物(RM-1)及混合物實例M-1至M-4並進行研究。

所有混合物M1至M4皆極其適於微波範圍內之應用，尤其適於移相器。在下表2中，顯示實例1.1至1.4以關於可調諧性(τ)、介電損耗(tan δ_ε _r, _⊥ )及材料品質(η)進行比較。表2

該比較顯示所有實例1.1至1.4皆由於改良之可調諧性以及相同或僅稍高之介電損耗而改良了材料品質η。實例 2.1-2.2 製備以下參考混合物(RM-2)及混合物實例M-5及M-6並進行研究。

混合物M5及M6極其適於微波範圍內之應用，尤其適於移相器。在下表2中，顯示實例2.1及2.2以關於可調諧性(τ)、介電損耗(tan δ_ε _r, _⊥ )及材料品質(η)與參考RM-2相比較。表2

η該比較顯示實例2.1及2.2均由於改良之可調諧性以及更低介電損耗而改良了材料品質η。實例 3.1 製備以下參考混合物(RM-3)及混合物實例M-7並進行研究。

混合物M7極其適於微波範圍內之應用，尤其適於移相器。混合物M-7與參考RM-3之比較顯示材料品質方面之性質類似但同時旋轉黏度顯著降低。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more compounds of formula A selected from the group of compounds of sub-formulas A-1 and A-2

Where R⁰¹ And R⁰² Represents an alkyl group with 1 to 7 C atoms and X⁰¹ Means F, Cl, -NCS, -SF₅ , Fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkenyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the liquid crystal medium comprises one or more compounds of formula I, preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae I-1 to I-3

Where the parameters have various meanings indicated above for Formula I, and preferably, R¹¹ Represents an unfluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms or an unfluorinated alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, R¹² Represents an unfluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms or an unfluorinated alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms or an unfluorinated alkoxy group having 1 to 7 C atoms, X¹¹ And X¹² Denote F, Cl, OCF independently of each other₃ , CF₃ , -CN, -NCS or -SF₅ , Preferably F, Cl, OCF₃ Or -CN. The compound of formula I-1 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae I-1a to I-1d

Where the parameters have the respective meanings indicated above for formula I-1 and where Y¹¹ And Y¹² Represent H or F independently of each other, and preferably R¹¹ Represents alkyl or alkenyl, and X¹² Represents F, Cl or OCF₃ . The compound of formula I-2 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae I-2a to I-2e and / or selected from the group of compounds of formulae I-2f and I-2g

In each case, the compound of formula I-2a does not include compounds of formula I-2b and formula I-2c, the compound of formula I-2b does not include compounds of formula I-2c, and the compound of formula I-2g does not include formula I-2f Compounds, and wherein the parameters have the respective meanings indicated above for formula I-1 and wherein Y¹¹ And Y¹² Each independently represents H or F, and preferably R¹² Represents alkyl or alkenyl, Y¹¹ And Y¹² Represents H, and the other represents H or F, preferably H. The compound of formula I-3 is preferably a compound of formula I-3a:

Where the parameters have the respective meanings indicated above for formula I-1 and preferably X¹¹ F, Cl, preferably F, X¹² Represents F, Cl or -OCF₃ , Preferably -OCF₃ . In an even more preferred embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula I is selected from the group of compounds I-1a to I-1d, preferably from the group of compounds I-1c and I-1d. The compound of formula I-1a is preferably selected from the group of compounds I-1a-1 and I-1a-2

Where R¹¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} , Where n represents an integer in the range of 0 to 7, preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and particularly preferably 3 or 7. The compound of formula I-1b is preferably a compound of formula I-1b-1:

Where R¹¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} , Where n represents an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5. The compound of formula I-1c is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulas I-1c-1 and I-1c-4, preferably from the group of compounds of formulas I-1c-1 and I-1c-2,

Where R¹¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} , Where n represents an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5. The compound of formula I-1d is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formula I-1d-1 and I-1d-2, preferably from the group of compounds of formula I-1d-2,

Where R¹¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} , Where n represents an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5. The compound of formula I-2a is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulas I-2a-1 and I-2a-2, preferably from the group of compounds of formula I-2a-1,

Where R¹¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R¹² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably in the range of 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, more Best is 0 or 2. Specifically in formula I-2a-1 (R¹¹ And R¹² ) The preferred combination is (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ), (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ), (CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z And C_m H_{2m + 1} ), (CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ) And (C_n H_{2n + 1} And (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ ). Preferred compounds of formula I-2b are compounds of formula I-2b-1:

Where R¹¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R¹² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably in the range of 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, more Best is 0 or 2. (R¹¹ And R¹² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ). Preferred compounds of formula I-2c are compounds of formula I-2c-1:

Where R¹¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R¹² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, Best is 0 or 2. (R¹¹ And R¹² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ). Preferred compounds of formula I-2d are compounds of formula I-2d-1:

Where R¹¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R¹² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, preferably 0 or 2. (R¹¹ And R¹² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ). Preferred compounds of formula I-2e are compounds of formula I-2e-1:

Where R¹¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R¹² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, preferably 0 or 2. (R¹¹ And R¹² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ). Preferred compounds of formula I-2f are compounds of formula I-2f-1:

Where R¹¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R¹² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, preferably 0 or 2. (R¹¹ And R¹² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ) And (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ), Especially preferred (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ). Preferred compounds of formula I-2g are compounds of formula I-2g-1:

Where R¹¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R¹² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, preferably 0 or 2. (R¹¹ And R¹² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ) And (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ), Especially preferred (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ). The compound of formula II is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae II-1 to II-6,

Where Z^{twenty one} And Z^{twenty two} Means trans-CH = CH- or trans-CF = CF-, preferably trans-CH = CH-, and other parameters have the meaning given above under formula II, and preferably R^{twenty one} And R^{twenty two} Denote independently of each other H, unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 17, preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, or 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10 C atoms Unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkynyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl, preferably unfluorinated alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, X^{twenty two} Represents F, Cl, -CN or -NCS, preferably -NCS, and

And the others are expressed independently of each other

R^{twenty one} Means C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R^{twenty two} Means C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} , (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ Or -CºC- (CH₂ )_Z-1 CH₃ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, Preferably it is 0 or 2, and wherein the compound of formula II-3 does not include the compound of formula II-2. The compound of formula II-1 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formula II-1a and II-1b:

Where R^{twenty one} Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R^{twenty two} Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} , (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ Or -CºC- (CH₂ )_y CH₃ And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and y represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, preferably Is 0, z represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the compounds of formula II-1a and II-1b are selected from the group of compounds of formula II-1a-1 and II-1a-2

Where R^{twenty one} And R^{twenty two} Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms. The compound of formula II-2 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulas II-2a and II-2b, preferably from the group of compounds of formula II-2a,

Where R^{twenty one} Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R^{twenty two} Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, Best is 0 or 2. (R^{twenty one} And R^{twenty two} ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ) And (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ), In the case of formula II-1a, it is particularly preferred that (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ), And in the case of formula II-1b is particularly preferred (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ). The compound of formula II-3 is preferably a compound of formula II-3a:

Where R^{twenty one} Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R^{twenty two} Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, Best is 0 or 2. (R^{twenty one} And R^{twenty two} ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ) And (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ). The compound of formula II-4 is preferably a compound of formula II-4a:

Where the parameter has the meaning indicated above for formula II-4 and preferably R^{twenty one} Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} , Where n represents an integer in the range of 0 to 7, preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and X^{twenty two} Represents -F, -Cl, -OCF₃ , -CN or -NCS, especially -NCS. The compound of formula II-5 is preferably a compound of formula II-5a:

Where the parameter has the meaning indicated above for formula II-4 and preferably R^{twenty one} Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} , Where n represents an integer in the range of 0 to 7, preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and X^{twenty two} Represents -F, -Cl, -OCF₃ , -CN or -NCS, especially -NCS. Other preferred compounds of formula II are compounds of the formula:

Where n represents an integer in the range of 0 to 7, preferably in the range of 1 to 5. The compound of formula II-6 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formula II-6a to the following formulas:

Where R^{twenty one} And R^{twenty two} Represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The medium of the present invention optionally contains one or more compounds of formula III

Where L³¹ Means R³¹ Or X³¹ , L³² Means R³² Or X³² , R³¹ And R³² Denote independently of each other H, an unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy group having 1 to 17, preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, or 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10 C atoms Unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl, preferably unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkenyl, X³¹ And X³² Denote H, F, Cl, -CN, -NCS, -SF independently of each other₅ , Fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy groups with 1 to 7 C atoms, or fluorinated alkenyl groups with 2 to 7 C atoms, unfluorinated or fluorinated alkenoxy groups or unfluorinated or fluorinated Alkoxyalkyl, preferably fluorinated alkoxy, fluorinated alkenyloxy, F or Cl, and Z³¹ To Z³³ , Independently of each other means trans-CH = CH-, trans-CF = CF-, -C≡C- or a single bond, preferably one or more of them represent a single bond, particularly preferably all represent a single bond Key, and

Expressed independently of each other

The compound of formula III is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae III-1 to III-7,

Wherein the compound of formula III-5 does not include the compound of formula III-6, and wherein the parameters have the respective meanings indicated above for formula III, and preferably, R³¹ Represents an unfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy group each having 1 to 7 C atoms, or an unfluorinated alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, R³² Represents an unfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy group each having 1 to 7 C atoms, or an unfluorinated alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, and X³² Represents F, Cl or -OCF₃ , Preferably F, and Y³¹ , Y³² The same or different means H or F. You Jiadi, R³¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R³² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, Best is 0 or 2. The compound of formula III-1 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formula III-1a to III-1d,

Where X³² Has the meaning given above for formula III, and R³¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} , Where n represents 1 to 7, preferably 2 to 6, particularly preferably 2, 3 or 5, z represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2, and X³² It is better to indicate F. The compound of formula III-2 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formula III-2a and III-2b, preferably formula III-2a,

Where R³¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R³² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, Best is 0 or 2. (R³¹ And R³² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ) And (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ), Especially preferred (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ). The compound of formula III-3 is preferably a compound of formula III-3a:

Where R³¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R³² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, Best is 0 or 2. (R³¹ And R³² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ) And (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ), Especially preferred (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ). The compound of formula III-4 is preferably a compound of formula III-4a:

Where R³¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R³² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, Best is 0 or 2. (R³¹ And R³² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ) And (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ), Especially preferred (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ). The compound of formula III-5 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formula III-5a and III-5b, preferably formula III-5a,

Where R³¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R³² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, Best is 0 or 2. (R³¹ And R³² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ) And (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ), Especially preferred (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ). The compound of formula III-6 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formula III-6a and III-6b,

Where R³¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R³² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, Best is 0 or 2. (R³¹ And R³² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ) And (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ), Especially preferred (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ). The medium of the present invention optionally contains one or more compounds of formula IV

Where R⁴¹ And R⁴² Denote independently of each other H, unfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 15, preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, or unfluorinated groups having 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10 C atoms Alkenyl, alkenyloxy or alkoxyalkyl, preferably unfluorinated alkyl or alkenyl, Z⁴¹ And Z⁴² One of them means trans-CH = CH-, trans-CF = CF- or -C≡C-, and the other independently means trans-CH = CH-, trans-CF = CF- Or a single bond, preferably, one of them represents -C≡C- or trans-CH = CH-, and the other represents a single bond, and

Expressed independently of each other

The compound of formula IV is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae IV-1 to IV-3,

Where Y⁴¹ And Y⁴² One of them represents H and the other represents H or F, and R⁴¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R⁴² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, Best is 0 or 2. (R⁴¹ And R⁴² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ) And (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ), Especially preferred (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ). The compound of formula IV-1 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formula IV-1a to IV-1c,

Where R⁴¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R⁴² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, Best is 0 or 2. (R⁴¹ And R⁴² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ) And (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ), Especially preferred (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ). The medium of the present invention optionally contains one or more compounds of formula V

Where L⁵¹ Means R⁵¹ Or X⁵¹ , L⁵² Means R⁵² Or X⁵² , R⁵¹ And R⁵² Denote independently of each other H, unfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 15, preferably 3 to 10 C atoms, or unfluorinated groups having 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10 C atoms Alkenyl, alkenyloxy or alkoxyalkyl, preferably unfluorinated alkyl or alkenyl, X⁵¹ And X⁵² Denote H, F, Cl, -CN, -NCS, -SF independently of each other₅ , Fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy groups with 1 to 7 C atoms, or fluorinated alkenyl groups with 2 to 7 C atoms, unfluorinated or fluorinated alkenoxy groups or unfluorinated or fluorinated Alkoxyalkyl, preferably fluorinated alkoxy, fluorinated alkenyloxy, F or Cl, and Z⁵¹ To Z⁵³ , Independently of each other means trans-CH = CH-, trans-CF = CF-, -C≡C- or a single bond, preferably, one or more of them represent a single bond, and preferably all of them are Represents a single key,

Expressed independently of each other

The compound of formula V is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formula V-1 to V-3,

Where the parameters have various meanings indicated above under formula V, and preferably,

And where R⁵¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , R⁵² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , X⁵² Have the meaning indicated above, n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 2. (R⁵¹ And R⁵² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ) And (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ). The compound of formula V-1 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formula V-1a to formula V-1e, more preferably the compound of formula V-1 mainly consists of it, even more preferably consists essentially of it and is excellent Composed of:

Where the parameters have the meaning given above, and preferably, R⁵¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} , And n represents an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and X⁵² Preferably, it represents F or Cl. The compound of formula V-2 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formula V-2a and V-2b,

Where R⁵¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R⁵² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or O-C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, Best is 0 or 2. (R⁵¹ And R⁵² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ). Compounds of formula V-3 are preferably compounds of formula V-3a and formula V-3b:

Where R⁵¹ Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_n H_{2n + 1} Or CH₂ = CH- (CH₂ )_Z , And R⁵² Has the meaning indicated above and preferably represents C_m H_{2m + 1} Or (CH₂ )_Z -CH = CH₂ , And wherein n and m independently represent an integer in the range of 0 to 15, preferably 1 to 7, and particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 5, and z represents 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, Best is 0 or 2. (R⁵¹ And R⁵² ) The preferred combination here is especially (C_n H_{2n + 1} And C_m H_{2m + 1} ) And (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ), Especially preferred (C_n H_{2n + 1} And O-C_m H_{2m + 1} ). The medium of the present invention optionally contains one or more compounds of formula VI

Where R⁶¹ , Independently of one another, means alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy with 1 to 7 C atoms, alkenyl with 2 to 7 C atoms, alkenyloxy, alkoxyalkyl Group or fluorinated alkenyl group, and R² And R³ Preferably alkyl or alkenyl,

Independently of each other

L⁶¹ , L⁶² Represent H or F independently of each other, preferably L⁶¹ And / or L⁶² Department F, X⁶¹ Represents halogen, a halogenated alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 3 C atoms or a halogenated alkenyl group or alkenoxy group having 2 or 3 C atoms, preferably F, Cl, -OCF₃ Or -CF₃ , Optimally F, Cl or -OCF₃ , L, m represent 0 or 1 independently of each other. The compound of formula VI is preferably selected from formula VI-1

Where the parameters have different meanings given under Formula VI and L⁶³ And L⁶⁴ Represents H or F, preferably F. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compound of formula VI is selected from compounds of formula VI-1, wherein L⁶¹ , L⁶² , L⁶³ And L⁶⁴ All are F. Preferably, the compound of formula VI-1 is selected from the group of compounds of formula VI-1a to VI-1d, specifically, preferably selected from compounds of formula VI-1d

The parameters have various meanings given above. The liquid crystal medium of the present invention may optionally include one or more biphenyl compounds selected from the group consisting of the following formulas:

Wherein alkyl and alkyl * each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, and alkenyl and alkenyl * each independently represent a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms. Alkenyl and alkenyl * preferably represent CH₂ = CH-, CH₂ = CHCH₂ CH₂ -, CH₃ -CH = CH-, CH₃ -CH₂ -CH = CH-, CH₃ -(CH₂ )₂ -CH = CH-, CH₃ -(CH₂ )₃ -CH = CH- or CH₃ -CH = CH- (CH₂ )₂ -. Compounds of formula VII-2 are particularly preferred. The compounds of formulae VII-1 to VII-3 are preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

Where alkyl * represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The medium of the present invention particularly preferably contains one or more compounds of formula VII-1a and / or VII-2c. The liquid crystal medium of the present invention may optionally include one or more dielectric neutral compounds selected from the group consisting of:

The individual groups have the following meanings:

R³ And R⁴ Each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 C atoms, wherein, in addition, one or two non-adjacent CH₂ The groups can be replaced by -O-, -CH = CH-, -CO-, -O-CO-, or -CO-O- in a way that the O atoms are not directly connected to each other, Z^y -CH₂ CH₂ -, -CH = CH-, -CF₂ O-, -OCF₂ -, -CH₂ O-, -OCH₂ -, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C₂ F₄ -, -CF = CF-, -CH = CH-CH₂ O- or single bond, preferably single bond. The compound of formula VIII- is preferably selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

Where alkyl and alkyl * each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, and alkenyl represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms. Alkenyl preferably represents CH₂ = CH-, CH₂ = CHCH₂ CH₂ -, CH₃ -CH = CH-, CH₃ -CH₂ -CH = CH-, CH₃ -(CH₂ )₂ -CH = CH-, CH₃ -(CH₂ )₃ -CH = CH- or CH₃ -CH = CH- (CH₂ )₂ -. Especially preferred are compounds of formula VIII-1 and VIII-3. The particularly preferred compound of formula VIII- is selected from the following sub-formula:

Among them, propyl, butyl and pentyl are straight-chain groups. The most preferred are compounds of formulae VIII-1a and VIII-3a. Another subject of the present invention is the compound of formula A-2

Where R⁰¹ Has the meaning as indicated in technical solution 1, and X⁰¹ Means F, Cl, -NCS, -SF₅ , Fluorinated alkyl, fluorinated alkenyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms. Preferably, the compound of formula A-2 is selected from the compounds of the following sub-formulas A-2a to A-2f

Compounds of general formula A can be prepared by methods known per se, as found in the literature (eg in standard works such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart) Stated that it is carried out under known reaction conditions suitable for such reactions. Here, variations known per se that are not mentioned in more detail here can be used. If desired, the starting material can also be formed in situ without separating it from the reaction mixture but immediately converting it further into a compound of formula I. The synthesis of various compounds of general formula I of the present invention will be explained in the examples. The starting materials can be obtained by commonly available literature procedures or can be purchased from the market. The types of reactions described should be considered to be known from the literature. The following (Schemes 1 and 2) illustrate particularly preferred synthetic routes for compounds of the invention. From 4-bromo-2,5-difluoro-1-iodobenzene (2 ), The substituted phenylacetylene can be used in two subsequent Sonogashira coupling steps1 Compound A is obtained. Another option is that for equivalent substituents R⁰¹ And L⁰¹ The compound can be coupled in only one step. plan 1.

Depending on the nature of the terminal substituents, 1,4-dibromo-2,5-difluorobenzene (5 ) Start and separate compounds6 And A '(if necessary) (Scheme 2). Scenario 2.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium contains one or more compounds of formula A and II. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium contains one or more compounds of formula A, I and II. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium includes one or more dielectric positive compounds of formula I-1 having a dielectric anisotropy greater than 3. In a first preferred embodiment, the compound of formula II is preferably selected from compounds of formulae II-2a and II-1a. In a second preferred embodiment, the compound of formula II is preferably selected from compounds of formulae II-2a and II-1a. In a third preferred embodiment, the compound of formula II is preferably selected from compounds of formula II-6, preferably II-6d or II-6d and II-6a. In a fourth preferred embodiment, the medium additionally contains one or more compounds of formula II-1b-1. According to the invention, the total use concentration of the compound of formula A is preferably 1% to 30%, preferably 5% to 20% and particularly preferably 10% to 15%. According to the invention, the total use concentration of the individual compounds of formula I is preferably from 0% to 30% of the total mixture, more preferably from 5% to 25%, even more preferably from 10% to 25%, and very preferably from 15% to 25%. The total use concentration of the compound of formula II is preferably 30% to 99% of the total mixture, more preferably 35% to 95%, even more preferably 40% to 90%, and very preferably 40% to 85%. The total use concentration of the compound of formula II-2a is preferably 20% to 70% of the total mixture, more preferably 30% to 65%, even more preferably 40% to 60%, and very preferably 45% to 55%. The total use concentration of the compound of formula II-1a is preferably 5% to 50% of the total mixture, more preferably 15% to 40%, even more preferably 20% to 35%, and very preferably 25% to 30%. The compound of formula II-1b-1 is preferably used in combination with compound II-2a, the total concentration of which is 1% to 30% of the total mixture, more preferably 5% to 30%, even more preferably 10% to 20% and extremely Good is 14% to 17%. The compound of formula II-1b-1 is preferably used in combination with compound II-6, the total concentration of which is 10% to 60% of the total mixture, more preferably 15% to 50%, even more preferably 20% to 40% and extremely It is preferably 30% to 35%. The total use concentration of the compound of formula II-6 is preferably 20% to 70% of the total mixture, more preferably 30% to 65%, even more preferably 40% to 60%, and very preferably 45% to 55%. The liquid crystal medium preferably comprises a total of 50% to 100%, more preferably 60% to 100% and very preferably 70% to 100% of the compounds of formula A, I and II or compounds A and II, preferably consisting essentially of And it is perfectly composed entirely of it. The liquid crystal medium of the present application preferably contains a total of 0 to 40%, preferably 0 to 30%, and particularly preferably 5% to 25% of the compound of formula IV. The liquid crystal medium of the present application preferably contains a total of 5% to 30%, preferably 10% to 25%, and particularly preferably 15% to 20% of the compound of formula V. The proportion of the compound of formula VI in the mixture is preferably in the range of 0% to 10%, more preferably 2% to 8%, and particularly preferably 3% to 6%. The proportion of biphenyls of formula VII-1 to VII-3 in the mixture is preferably in the range of 0% to 15%, more preferably 1% to 10%, and particularly preferably 3% to 8%. The ratio of the compounds of formulae VIII-1 to VIII-10 in the mixture is preferably in the range of 0% to 20%, more preferably 5% to 18%, and particularly preferably 10% to 16%. In addition, the medium of the present invention preferably contains other mesogen compounds known to those skilled in the art from the current technology in order to adapt the properties of the mixture to specific applications. Preferred compounds are shown in Table D, but other mesogenic compounds not explicitly mentioned above can also be used in the media of the present invention, as appropriate and advantageous. These compounds are known to those skilled in the art. The definitions of these abbreviations (acronyms) are also indicated in Table D below or can be understood from Tables A to C. The liquid crystal medium of the present invention preferably has a clear point of 90 ° C or greater, more preferably 120 ° C or greater, and particularly preferably 150 ° C or greater. The nematic phase of the medium of the present invention preferably extends at least from -10 ° C or less to 90 ° C or more, more preferably at least from -20 ° C or less to 120 ° C or more, most preferably The ground extends at least from -30 ° C or less to 150 ° C or more. The expression "having a nematic phase" here means that on the one hand, the smectic phase and crystallization are not observed at the low temperature of the corresponding temperature, and on the other hand, the nematic phase does not appear clarified when heated. A low-temperature study was carried out using a flow-type viscometer at the corresponding temperature, and inspection was carried out by storing in a test cell with a layer thickness of 5 µm for at least 100 hours. At high temperatures, all clarification points are measured in the capillary by conventional methods. At 1 kHz and 20 ° C., the Δε of the liquid crystal medium of the present invention is preferably 1 or greater, more preferably 2 or greater and very preferably 3 or greater. However, in some embodiments, liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy values may also be advantageously used. At 589 nm (Na_D ) And 20 ° C, the Δn of the liquid crystal medium of the present invention is preferably in the range of 0.200 or more and 0.90 or less, more preferably in the range of 0.250 or more and 0.90 or less, even more preferably in 0.300 Or more in the range of 0.85 or less and very preferably in the range of 0.350 or more and 0.800 or less. In addition, the liquid crystal medium of the present invention is characterized by high anisotropy in the microwave range. The birefringence at about 8.3 GHz is preferably (for example) 0.14 or higher, particularly preferably 0.15 or higher, particularly preferably 0.20 or higher, particularly preferably 0.25 or higher, and very particularly preferably 0.30 Or higher. In addition, the birefringence is preferably 0.80 or lower. The figure of merit (FoM) h (m-wave) / tan (δ) of a preferred liquid crystal material is 5 or more, preferably 10 or more, and particularly preferably 20 or more. In the present application, it is stated that the dielectric positiveness states compounds or components with Δε> 3.0, the dielectric neutrality states 1.5 ≤ Δε≤3.0 of them, and the dielectric negativeness states Δε <1.5 of them. Δε is measured at a frequency of 1 kHz and 20 ° C. The dielectric anisotropy of each compound is determined based on the results of the 10% solution of each compound in the nematic host mixture. If the solubility of each compound in the host mixture is less than 10%, the concentration is reduced to 5%. The capacitance of the test mixture is measured in both units with vertical alignment and units with horizontal alignment. The cell thickness of these two types of cells is approximately 20 µm. The applied voltage is a rectangular wave with a frequency of 1 kHz and the effective value is usually 0.5 V to 1.0 V, but it is always selected to be below the capacitance threshold of the respective test mixture. The Δε system is defined as (ε_‖ -ε_⊥ ), While ε_ave. Is (ε_‖ +2 ε_⊥ ) / 3. The host mixture for dielectric positive compounds is mixture ZLI-4792, and the host mixture for dielectric neutral and dielectric negative compounds is mixture ZLI-3086, both of which are from Merck KGaA, Germany. The absolute value of the compound dielectric constant is determined by the change in the individual values of the host mixture when the compound of interest is added. Extrapolate these values to 100% of the concentration of the compound of interest. As such, the components having a nematic phase at a measurement temperature of 20 ° C are measured, and all other components are treated like compounds. In this application, the expression threshold voltage refers to the current limit value and refers to the relative contrast of 10% (V₁₀ ), And the expression saturation voltage refers to light saturation and is for 90% relative contrast₉₀ ), Except for those cases that are clearly stated separately in these two cases. Capacitance threshold voltage (V₀ ) (Also known as Freedericks threshold (V_Fr )) Only used when explicitly mentioned. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, the parameter ranges indicated in this application all include limit values. The different upper and lower limits indicated for each property range are combined with each other to produce other preferred ranges. Unless expressly stated otherwise, the following conditions and definitions apply throughout this application. All concentrations are expressed as weight percentages and refer to the entire mixture, all temperatures are expressed in degrees Celsius, and all temperature differences are expressed in degrees. All physical properties are determined in accordance with "Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals", Status, November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and unless otherwise stated otherwise, are proposed at a temperature of 20 ° C. Optical anisotropy (Δn) was measured at a wavelength of 589.3 nm. The dielectric anisotropy (Δε) is measured at a frequency of 1 kHz. The threshold voltage and other electro-optic properties are determined using a test unit produced by Merck KGaA, Germany. The test cell used to determine Δε has a cell thickness of approximately 20 µm. The electrode system has 1.13 cm² Round ITO electrode with area and protective ring. The orientation layer is SE-1211 from Nissan Chemicals, Japan (for vertical orientation (ε_‖ )) And Polyimide AL-1054 from Japan Synthetic Rubber, Japan (for uniform orientation (ε_⊥ )). The capacitor uses the Solatron 1260 frequency response analyzer and uses a 0.3 V_rms The sine wave of the voltage is measured. The light used in electro-optic measurement is white light. Here, the settings using a commercially available DSM instrument from Autronic-Melchers, Germany are used. The characteristic voltage has been determined under vertical observation. The threshold has been measured at 10%, 50% and 90% relative contrast (V₁₀ ), Intermediate gray (V₅₀ ) And saturation (V₉₀ )Voltage. Such as A. Penirschke, S. Müller, P. Scheele, C. Weil, M. Wittek, C. Hock and R. Jakoby: "Cavity Perturbation Method for Characterization of Liquid Crystals up to 35GHz", 34th European Microwave Conference – Amsterdam, pages 545 to 548 describes the study of the properties of liquid crystal media in the microwave frequency range. For comparison in this respect, see also A. Gaebler, F. Gölden, S. Müller, A. Penirschke, and R. Jakoby "Direct Simulation of Material Permittivites…", 12MTC 2009 – International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Singapore, 2009 (IEEE ), Pages 463 to 467 and DE 10 2004 029 429 A, which also describe the measurement method in detail. The dielectric anisotropy in the microwave region is defined as Δε_r ≡ (ε_r, _‖ -ε_r, _⊥ ). Tunability (τ) is defined as τ≡ (Δε_r / ε_r, _‖ ). Material quality (η) is defined as h≡ (τ / tan δ_ε _{r, max.} ), Where the maximum dielectric loss is tan δ_ε _{r, max.} ≡ max. {Tan δ_ε _r, _⊥ ; Tan δ_ε _{r, ‖} }. The liquid crystal is introduced into a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) capillary. The capillary has an inner diameter of 180 mm and an outer diameter of 350 mm. The effective length is 2.0 cm. The filled capillary is introduced into the center of the cavity with a resonance frequency of 30 GHz. The cavity has a length of 6.6 mm, a width of 7.1 mm and a height of 3.6 mm. The input signal (source) is then applied, and the results of the output signal are recorded using a commercially available vector network analyzer. The change in resonance frequency and Q factor between capillary measurement with liquid crystals and capillary measurement without liquid crystals A. Penirschke, S. Müller, P. Scheele, C. Weil, M. Wittek, C. Hock and R. Jakoby: "Cavity Perturbation Method for Characterization of Liquid Crystals up to 35GHz", The 34th European Microwave Conference – Amsterdam, equations 10 and 11 on pages 545 to 548 are determined as described Dielectric constant and loss angle at the target frequency. By aligning the liquid crystal in the magnetic field, the component values of the properties perpendicular and parallel to the director of the liquid crystal are obtained. For this, the magnetic field of a permanent magnet is used. The strength of the magnetic field is 0.35 Tesla. The alignment of the magnet is set accordingly and then rotated 90 ° accordingly. The preferred components are phase shifters, varactors, wireless and radio wave antenna arrays, matching circuit adaptive filters, and other components. In the present application, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term compound means both a compound and plural compounds. The liquid crystal used is an individual substance or mixture. It preferably has a nematic phase. The term "alkyl" preferably encompasses linear and branched alkyl groups having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, specifically the linear groups methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl and heptyl base. Groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms are generally preferred. The term "alkenyl" preferably encompasses straight-chain and branched alkenyl groups having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, especially straight-chain groups. Eucalyptus C₂ -To C₇ -1E-alkenyl, C₄ -To C₇ -3E-alkenyl, C₅ -To C₇ -4-alkenyl, C₆ -To C₇ -5-alkenyl and C₇ -6-Alkenyl, specifically C₂ -To C₇ -1E-alkenyl, C₄ -To C₇ -3E-alkenyl and C₅ -To C₇ -4-alkenyl. Examples of other preferred alkenyl groups are vinyl, 1E-propenyl, 1E-butenyl, 1E-pentenyl, 1E-hexenyl, 1E-heptenyl, 3-butenyl, 3E-pentene Group, 3E-hexenyl, 3E-heptenyl, 4-pentenyl, 4Z-hexenyl, 4E-hexenyl, 4Z-heptenyl, 5-hexenyl, 6-heptenyl and And so on. Groups with up to 5 carbon atoms are generally preferred. The term "fluoroalkyl" preferably covers straight-chain groups with terminal fluorine, ie fluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 4-fluorobutyl, 5-fluoropentyl, 6-fluoro Hexyl and 7-fluoroheptyl. However, other positions of fluorine are not excluded. The term "oxaalkyl" or "alkoxyalkyl" preferably covers formula C_n H_{2n + 1} -O- (CH₂ )_m Straight-chain group, wherein n and m each independently represent 1 to 10. Preferably, n is 1 and m is 1 to 6. Compounds containing vinyl end groups and compounds containing methyl end groups have low rotational viscosity. In this application, both high-frequency technology and ultra-high-frequency technology represent frequencies in the range of 1 MHz to 1 THz, preferably 1 GHz to 500 GHz, more preferably 2 GHz to 300 GHz, and particularly preferably about 5 GHz to 150 GHz. Within the application. The liquid crystal medium of the present invention may contain other additives and palm dopants in conventional concentrations. Based on the total mixture, the total concentration of these other ingredients is in the range of 0% to 10%, preferably 0.1% to 6%. The concentration of each compound used is preferably in the range of 0.1% to 3%. In this application, the concentrations of these and similar additives are not included in the concentration value and range of the liquid crystal component and liquid crystal compound of the liquid crystal medium. The liquid crystal medium of the present invention is composed of a plurality of compounds, preferably 3 to 30, more preferably 4 to 20, and very preferably 4 to 16 compounds. These compounds are mixed in a conventional manner. In general, the desired amount of compound used in a smaller amount is dissolved in the compound used in a larger amount. If the temperature is higher than the clear point of the compound used in higher concentration, it is especially easy to observe the completion of the dissolution process. However, the media can also be prepared in other conventional ways, for example using so-called premixes, which can be, for example, homologous or eutectic mixtures of compounds, or using so-called "multi-bottle" systems (the ingredients themselves are ready-to-use mixtures) . All temperatures (for example, the melting point T (C, N) or T (C, S) of the liquid crystal, the transition temperature T (S, N) and the clarification point T (from the smectic (S) phase to the nematic (N) phase N, I)) are expressed in degrees Celsius. All temperature differences are expressed in degrees. In the present invention and especially in the following examples, the structure of the mesogen compound is represented by an abbreviation (also called an acronym). In these acronyms, the chemical formulas are abbreviated as follows using Tables A to C below. All groups C_n H_{2n + 1} , C_m H_{2m + 1} And C_l H_{2l + 1} Or C_n H_2n-1 , C_m H_2m-1 And C_l H_2l-1 Both represent straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl, preferably 1-E -Alkenyl, which in each case has n, m or l C atoms, respectively Table A lists the codes for the ring elements used in the core structure of the compound, and Table B shows the linking groups. Table C gives the meaning of the codes for the left-hand or right-hand end groups. Table D shows the explanatory structure of each compound in combination with its abbreviation.table A : Ring element

table B : Linking group

table C : End group

Where n and m each represent an integer, and the three dots "..." are placeholders for other abbreviations from this table. The following table shows the explanatory structure in conjunction with the respective abbreviations. Show these structures to explain the meaning of the abbreviation rules. In addition, it represents a preferably used compound.table D : Interpretive structure The interpretive structure of a compound with two 6-membered rings adopted by You Jia:

Illustrative structure of compounds with naphthalene ring adopted by You Jia:

The interpretive structure of the compound with three 6-membered rings adopted by You Jia:

The interpretive structure of a compound with four 6-membered rings adopted by You Jia:

The illustrative structure of the dielectrically neutral compound that is preferably used:

Illustrative structures of other compounds preferably used:

The following table (Table E) shows illustrative compounds that can be used as stabilizers in the liquid crystal precursor medium of the present invention. The total concentration of these compounds and similar compounds in the medium is preferably 5% or less.table E

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mesogen medium contains one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds from Table E. The following table (Table F) shows illustrative compounds that can be preferably used as palmitic dopants in the liquid crystal precursor medium of the present invention.table F

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mesogen medium contains one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds from Table F. The original mesogen medium of the present application preferably contains two or more (preferably four or more) compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds from the above table. The liquid crystal medium of the present invention preferably contains:-7 or more, preferably 8 or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of Table D, preferably 3 or more, preferably 4 Or more compounds of different formulas. Unless otherwise indicated, all saturated carbocycles preferably have a trans configuration (if possible). The compounds of Table D are well known to those skilled in the art and can be synthesized according to procedures described elsewhere. All percentages given in the context are based on the mass percentage of the total mixture.Examples The following examples illustrate the invention without limiting it in any way.synthesis 4-alkylphenylacetylene and 4-fluorophenylacetylene are well known in the literature and synthesized as described therein. 1. 1- (4-Butyl-phenylethynyl) -2,5-difluoro-4- (4-hexyl-phenylethynyl) -benzene 1.1 1-Bromo-4- (4-ethyl- Phenylethynyl) -2,5-difluoro-benzene and 1,4-bis- (4-hexyl-phenylethynyl) -2,5-difluoro-benzene

To 1,4-dibromo-2,5-difluorobenzene (101 g, 0.37 mol), bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) chloride (15.0 g, 0.02 mol) and iodide at 70 ℃ Cuprous (I) (2.0 g, 0.01 mol) in a mixture of diisopropylamine (500 ml) was added dropwise 4-hexylphenylacetylene (CAS 79887-11-9, 93.2 g, 0.50 mol) in diiso Solution in propylamine (1.00 l). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight, filtered and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo. Separation of the product mixture on silica using petroleum ether by column chromatography to obtain 1-bromo-4- (4-ethyl-phenylethynyl) -2,5-difluoro-benzene and 1,4- Bis- (4-hexyl-phenylethynyl) -2,5-difluoro-benzene. The latter was recrystallized from petroleum ether to obtain colorless crystals (melting point 94 ° C). 1.2 1- (4-Butyl-phenylethynyl) -2,5-difluoro-4- (4-hexyl-phenylethynyl) -benzene

At 70 ° C, 1-bromo-4- (4-ethyl-phenylethynyl) -2,5-difluoro-benzene (19.5 g, 45.5 mmol), bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium chloride ( II) (1.5 g, 2.0 mmol) and copper (I) iodide (0.2 g, 1.0 mmol) in diisopropylamine (50 ml) was added 4-butylphenylacetylene (9.0 g, 56.9 mmol) in diisopropylamine (100 ml). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight, filtered and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The product was purified on silica using petroleum ether by column chromatography and recrystallized from petroleum ether to obtain 1- (4-butyl-phenylethynyl) -2,5-difluoro-4- (4- Colorless crystals of hexyl-phenylethynyl) -benzene (melting point 73 ° C). 2. 1- (4-Butyl-phenylethynyl) -2,5-difluoro-4- (4-fluoro-phenylethynyl) -benzene 2.1 1-Bromo-2,5-difluoro-4 -(4-fluoro-phenylethynyl) -benzene

To 1,4-dibromo-2,5-difluorobenzene (171.3 g, 0.63 mol), bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) chloride (11.7 g, 16.6 mmol) and iodide at 70 ℃ Cuprous (I) (1.6 g, 8.3 mmol) in a mixture of diisopropylamine (500 ml) was added dropwise 4-fluorophenylacetylene (50.0 g, 0.42 mol) in diisopropylamine (1000 ml) Solution. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight, filtered and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The product was purified by column chromatography using petroleum ether on silica and recrystallized from petroleum ether to obtain 1-bromo-2,5-difluoro-4- (4-fluoro-phenylethynyl) -benzene Colorless crystals. 2.2 1- (4-Butyl-phenylethynyl) -2,5-difluoro-4- (4-fluoro-phenylethynyl) -benzene

At 70 ° C, 1-bromo-2,5-difluoro-4- (4-fluoro-phenylethynyl) -benzene (16.0 g, 45.0 mmol), bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium chloride (II ) (1.5 g, 2.0 mmol) and copper (I) iodide (0.2 g, 1.0 mmol) in diisopropylamine (80 ml) was added 4-butylphenylacetylene (8.5 g, 54.0) dropwise mmol) in diisopropylamine (100 ml). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight, filtered and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo. The product was purified by column chromatography using petroleum ether on silica and recrystallized from petroleum ether to obtain 1- (4-ethyl-phenylethynyl) -2,5-difluoro-4 as colorless crystals -(4-fluoro-phenylethynyl) -benzene (melting point 99 ° C). Table 1 below shows the phase sequence of Examples 1 and 2 and other compounds obtained in a similar manner to the synthesis described above.

Table 1.

Examples of mixtures These examples are compared to a reference mixture from the prior art that does not contain the compound of formula A of the present invention.Examples 1.1 to 1.4 The following reference mixture (RM-1) and mixture examples M-1 to M-4 were prepared and studied.

All mixtures M1 to M4 are extremely suitable for applications in the microwave range, especially for phase shifters. In Table 2 below, Examples 1.1 to 1.4 are shown with respect to tunability (τ), dielectric loss (tan δ_ε _r, _⊥ ) And material quality (η) are compared. Table 2

The comparison shows that all examples 1.1 to 1.4 improve the material quality η due to improved tunability and the same or only slightly higher dielectric loss.Examples 2.1-2.2 The following reference mixture (RM-2) and mixture examples M-5 and M-6 were prepared and studied.

The mixtures M5 and M6 are extremely suitable for applications in the microwave range, especially for phase shifters. In Table 2 below, Examples 2.1 and 2.2 are shown with respect to tunability (τ), dielectric loss (tan δ_ε _r, _⊥ ) And material quality (η) are compared with reference RM-2. Table 2

η This comparison shows that both Examples 2.1 and 2.2 improve the material quality η due to improved tunability and lower dielectric loss.Examples 3.1 The following reference mixture (RM-3) and mixture example M-7 were prepared and studied.

Mixture M7 is extremely suitable for applications in the microwave range, especially for phase shifters. Comparison of mixture M-7 with reference RM-3 shows similar properties in terms of material quality but at the same time the rotational viscosity is significantly reduced.

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Claims

A liquid crystal medium, characterized in that it contains one or more compounds of formula A,

Where R ⁰¹ represents H, an unfluorinated alkyl group or unfluorinated alkoxy group having 1 to 17 C atoms, or an unfluorinated alkenyl group, unfluorinated alkenyloxy group or Fluorinated alkoxyalkyl, L ⁰¹ has one of the meanings of R ⁰¹ or represents F, Cl, -CN, -NCS, -SF ₅ , fluorinated alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or fluorinated Alkoxy, or fluorinated alkenyl, fluorinated alkenyloxy or fluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, and one or more compounds of formula II

Where L ²¹ represents R ²¹ , and in the case where Z ²¹ and / or Z ²² represent trans-CH = CH- or trans-CF = CF-, the other option is to represent X ²¹ , and L ²² represents R ²² , And in the case where Z ²¹ and / or Z ²² represents trans-CH = CH- or trans-CF = CF-, the other option is to represent X ²² , R ²¹ and R ²² independently represent H, Unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 17 C atoms, or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkynyl or unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated having 2 to 15 C atoms Fluorinated alkoxyalkyl, X ²¹ and X ²² independently of one another represent F or Cl, -CN, -NCS, -SF ₅ , fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or having Fluorinated alkenyl, alkenyloxy or alkoxyalkyl groups with 2 to 7 C atoms, or -NCS, Z ²¹ and Z ²² represent trans-CH = CH-, trans-CF = CF-, -C ≡C- or single bond, provided that at least one of Z ²¹ and Z ²² represents -C≡C-,

Expressed independently of each other

n means 0 or 1.

The liquid crystal medium of claim 1, which additionally contains one or more compounds of formula I

Where L ¹¹ represents R ¹¹ or X ¹¹ , L ¹² represents R ¹² or X ¹² , R ¹¹ and R ¹² independently represent H, an unfluorinated alkyl group or an unfluorinated alkoxy group having 1 to 17 C atoms , Or an unfluorinated alkenyl group, an unfluorinated alkenyloxy group, or an unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 15 C atoms, X ¹¹ and X ¹² independently represent H, F, Cl, -CN, -NCS, -SF ₅ , fluorinated alkyl group or fluorinated alkoxy group having 1 to 7 C atoms, or fluorinated alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, unfluorinated or fluorinated alkenyloxy group or Unfluorinated or fluorinated alkoxyalkyl, and

Expressed independently of each other

The liquid crystal medium of claim 2, wherein one or more compounds of formula I are selected from compounds of formula I-1c

Where Y ¹¹ and Y ¹² independently represent H or F, R ¹¹ represents an unfluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms or an unfluorinated alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, and X ¹² represents F , Cl or OCF ₃ .

The liquid crystal medium of claim 1, wherein the compounds of formula II are selected from sub-formulas II-1 to II-6:

Wherein Z ²¹ and Z ²² denotes trans - CH = CH- or trans - CF = CF-, R ²¹ and R ²² independently of one another, denote H, unfluorinated alkyl or fluoro 1-17 C atoms Alkoxy, or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkynyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15 C atoms, X ²² represents F, Cl,- CN or -NCS, and

And the others are expressed independently of each other

And the compounds of formula II-3 do not include the compounds of formula II-2.

The liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the total concentration of the compound of formula A in the medium is in the range of 1% to 30%.

The liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the compounds of formula A are selected from the compounds of sub-formulas A-1 and A-2

Where R ⁰¹ and R ⁰² represent alkyl groups having 1 to 6 C atoms and X ⁰¹ represents F.

The liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the total concentration of the compound of formula II in the medium is in the range of 30% to 99%.

An assembly for high-frequency technology, characterized in that it contains the liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

The component of claim 8, wherein it is suitable for operation in the microwave range.

The component according to claim 8 or 9, wherein it is a phase shifter.

A use of the liquid crystal medium according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in components for high-frequency technology.

A method for preparing a liquid crystal medium, characterized in that one or more compounds of the formula A as indicated in claim 1 and one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula II as indicated in claim 1 are optionally combined with one or Various other compounds and / or mixed with one or more additives.

A microwave antenna array, characterized in that it comprises one or more components as claimed in any one of items 8 to 10.

A compound of formula A-2,

A-2 where R ⁰¹ has the meaning as indicated in claim 1, and X ⁰¹ represents F, Cl, -NCS, -SF ₅ , a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, a fluorinated alkenyl group or Fluorinated alkoxy.

A compound as claimed in claim 14, wherein X ⁰¹ represents F.