TW201742681A - Method for manufacturing aluminum can sheet - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing aluminum can sheet Download PDFInfo
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本發明是有關於一種金屬罐用料之製造方法,且特別是有關於一種鋁罐用料之製造方法。 The present invention relates to a method for producing a metal can material, and more particularly to a method for producing an aluminum can.
鋁-錳-鎂(Al-Mn-Mg)系鋁合金由於質量輕、強度高且成形性佳等優點,因此已被廣泛地使用在飲料業的產品外殼上。二片式鋁製飲料罐身的製造屬於高度自動化生產,因此對於鋁材品質的要求十分嚴苛。除了對強度與伸長率的要求外,又以凸耳率最為重要,為衡量鋁材品質良窳的關鍵。此係由於在飲料罐的生產過程中所產生的凸耳部分必須切除,若凸耳率過高,將導致客戶必須裁掉大量的廢料,不僅造成廢料過多而生產成本劇增,也容易發生卡模與破罐,大幅降低生產效率,還會掉屑而造成成品之表面品質不佳,嚴重影響客戶的使用意願。 Aluminum-manganese-magnesium (Al-Mn-Mg)-based aluminum alloys have been widely used in the product casing of the beverage industry because of their light weight, high strength, and good formability. The manufacture of two-piece aluminum beverage cans is highly automated, so the quality of the aluminum is very demanding. In addition to the requirements for strength and elongation, the ear rate is the most important, which is the key to measuring the quality of aluminum. This is because the lug portion produced during the production process of the beverage can must be cut off. If the lug rate is too high, the customer must cut a large amount of waste, which not only causes excessive waste, but also increases the production cost and is prone to occur. The mold and the broken can greatly reduce the production efficiency, and the chip surface will cause the surface quality of the finished product to be poor, which seriously affects the customer's willingness to use.
產生凸耳的原因主要係因鋁胚經大量軋延成鋁捲後,鋁材內部自然存在強烈的集合組織(texture),促使鋁材在深抽時產生非等向性變形的現象。當集合組織愈強,鋁材之凸耳率愈高,反之,凸耳率愈低。此外,鋁材中不同 集合組織在變形時所產生之凸耳的位置也有所不同。一般而言,鋁材經冷軋後,傾向產生變形集合組織,而於深抽時易產生45°/135°方向(相對軋延方向)的凸耳。為了解決此一現象,必須藉由退火處理來使鋁材發生再結晶,以在鋁材內製造足夠的方(cube)集合組織。透過立方集合組織可產生0°/90°方向凸耳的特性,來達到減緩/平衡變形集合組織所引起之凸耳的效果。 The reason for the generation of the lugs is mainly due to the fact that the aluminum embryos are naturally rolled into aluminum coils, and there is a strong texture inside the aluminum material, which promotes the anisotropic deformation of the aluminum material during deep pumping. The stronger the aggregate organization, the higher the lug rate of the aluminum material, and conversely, the lower the lug rate. In addition, different in aluminum The position of the lugs produced by the assembly tissue during deformation is also different. In general, after cold rolling, the aluminum material tends to produce a deformed aggregate structure, and when deep drawn, it is easy to produce a lug in the 45°/135° direction (relative to the rolling direction). In order to solve this phenomenon, it is necessary to recrystallize the aluminum material by annealing treatment to produce a sufficient cube assembly structure in the aluminum material. Through the cubic assembly, the characteristics of the 0°/90° direction lugs can be produced to achieve the effect of slowing/balancing the deformation of the convex tissue caused by the assembly.
然而,由於高強度的要求,因此鋁材之冷軋量需達85%以上,但冷軋量的提高卻會促使鋁片中變形集合組織的含量竄升,使得45°/135°的凸耳過高。而若降低冷軋量以換取耳率的要求,則有鋁片強度不足的問題。如此將使得生產的困難度大幅增加。 However, due to the high strength requirements, the cold rolling of aluminum should be more than 85%, but the increase in cold rolling will cause the content of the deformed aggregate in the aluminum sheet to soar, making the 45°/135° lug Too high. However, if the amount of cold rolling is lowered in exchange for the ear rate requirement, there is a problem that the strength of the aluminum sheet is insufficient. This will greatly increase the difficulty of production.
在解決上述問題上,傳統製程的作法係在冷精軋之前先在鋁片中製造足夠的立方組織,使鋁片在軋延後可同時兼顧機性與耳率的要求。近十幾、二十年來,鋁廠導入1+4熱連軋機,並開發出免中退法,使得罐身料的製程大幅縮減,因而已成為目前的主流工序。此技術的原理係利用1+4熱連軋機於生產時對鋁胚施予大量的裁減量與快速的軋延速度,促使鋁捲累積充足的儲存能與適當的完軋溫度,如此可使鋁材與盤捲時有能力進行自退火(self-annealing),從而完成再結晶以及製造出足夠含量的立方集合組織。因此,此技術不需要額外的中間退火,即可直接冷軋(總下軋量85%)至成品,並可滿足機性與凸耳率的 要求。由此可知,在鋁片的製作上,熱軋製程扮演相當關鍵的角色。 In solving the above problems, the conventional process is to manufacture sufficient cubic structure in the aluminum sheet before the cold finish rolling, so that the aluminum sheet can simultaneously meet the requirements of the machine and the ear rate after rolling. In the past ten or twenty years, the aluminum plant introduced the 1+4 hot strip mill and developed the system of exemption from the middle, which made the process of the tank material material greatly reduced, which has become the mainstream process. The principle of this technology is to use the 1+4 hot strip mill to apply a large amount of cut and rapid rolling speed to the aluminum blank during production, so that the aluminum coil accumulates sufficient storage energy and proper rolling temperature, so that aluminum can be used. The material and coil have the ability to self-anneal, thereby completing recrystallization and producing a sufficient amount of cubic aggregate structure. Therefore, this technology does not require additional intermediate annealing, and can be directly cold rolled (total rolling down 85%) to the finished product, and can satisfy the machine and the lug rate. Claim. It can be seen that the hot rolling process plays a very important role in the production of aluminum sheets.
綜上所述可知,利用熱連軋所得之熱完軋捲必須同時具備完全再結晶和高立方含量兩大要求。舉例而言,日本專利特開平第10-310837號之技術雖然採熱連軋機,但顯然完軋溫度不足,而需對熱完軋捲施予額外的熱處理。因此,製程時間冗長,不具經濟效益,也不符環保需求。 In summary, it can be seen that the hot rolled coil obtained by hot rolling must have both the requirements of complete recrystallization and high cubic content. For example, the technique of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 10-310837, although it is a hot rolling mill, is apparent that the finish rolling temperature is insufficient, and an additional heat treatment is required for the hot rolled coil. Therefore, the process time is long, not economical, and does not meet environmental protection needs.
日本專利特開第2004-183035號與特開第2006-299330號之技術係以相同合金成分為基礎,在相仿的製程條件下,即均質化之溫度>580℃且持溫時間<20小時、熱粗軋之起軋溫度範圍為430℃~550℃、熱精軋之完軋溫度範圍為280℃~350℃、冷軋量均在80%以上,並調整所得罐身料之介金屬化合物尺寸的分布,且不需額外的中退處理,即可使鋁材滿足規範,且於210℃下烘烤10分後的抗拉強度在245MPa以上。然而,此二專利案並未對熱軋關鍵製程之熱粗軋的完軋溫度、以及熱精軋之起軋溫度進行管制,因此耳率普遍不佳。 The techniques of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-183035 and No. 2006-299330 are based on the same alloy composition, under the same process conditions, that is, the homogenization temperature is >580 ° C and the holding time is <20 hours. The hot rolling process has a rolling temperature range of 430 ° C to 550 ° C, a hot finish rolling temperature range of 280 ° C to 350 ° C, and a cold rolling amount of 80% or more, and the size of the resulting metal compound is adjusted. The distribution of the aluminum material can meet the specifications without additional intermediate treatment, and the tensile strength after baking at 210 ° C for 10 minutes is above 245 MPa. However, these two patents do not regulate the finishing temperature of the hot rough rolling of the hot rolling key process and the rolling temperature of the hot finishing rolling, so the ear rate is generally poor.
日本專利特開第2003-342657號、歐洲專利第1944384 A1號、以及美國專利公開號第2009/0053099 A1號的合金含量範圍又比上述日本專利特開第2004-183035號與特開第2006-299330號大,並採用兩階段均質化處理,其中第一段均質化處理之溫度約550℃~650℃且持溫6小時~12小時,而第二段均質化處理之溫度需比前一段低而約50℃~100℃,且持溫需4小時~15小時。此外,這些專利 技術之熱軋條件的溫度略高於上述之日本專利特開第2004-183035號與特開第2006-299330號。其中,日本專利特開第2003-342657號之熱粗軋的起軋溫度為440℃,歐洲專利第1944384 A1號以及美國專利公開號第2009/0053099 A1號之熱粗軋的起軋溫度範圍為490℃~550℃且熱粗軋之完軋溫度範圍為420℃~490℃,這三個專利案之熱精軋的完軋溫度範圍為300℃~360℃,因此可得到耳率表現較佳的產品。然而,這些專利技術因採用耗時費能的兩階段均質化處理,因此製程冗長,且較不經濟也不環保。此外,雖然這些專利技術有管制熱粗軋之完軋溫度,但耳率仍有改善空間,且均勻性亦有待加強。另外,雖然這些專利技術之最終完軋溫度較高,但由於並無控制熱精軋之起軋溫度,故軋速提升有限,有生產效率偏低的問題。 The alloy content range of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-342657, European Patent No. 1944384 A1, and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0053099 A1 is in addition to the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-183035 and Special Opening No. 2006- The 299330 is large and adopts two-stage homogenization treatment. The temperature of the first homogenization treatment is about 550 ° C ~ 650 ° C and the temperature is held for 6 hours to 12 hours, while the temperature of the second homogenization treatment needs to be lower than the previous one. And about 50 ° C ~ 100 ° C, and holding the temperature takes 4 hours to 15 hours. In addition, these patents The temperature of the hot rolling conditions of the technique is slightly higher than the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-183035 and No. 2006-299330. Among them, the hot rolling of the hot rough rolling of the Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-342657 is 440 ° C, the hot rolling of the European Patent No. 1944384 A1 and the US Patent Publication No. 2009/0053099 A1 are in the range of the rolling temperature. 490 ° C ~ 550 ° C and hot rough rolling finishing temperature range of 420 ° C ~ 490 ° C, the three patents of the hot finishing rolling temperature range of 300 ° C ~ 360 ° C, so the ear rate is better The product. However, these patented technologies are cumbersome and less economical and environmentally friendly due to the time-consuming and cost-effective two-stage homogenization process. In addition, although these patented technologies control the finishing temperature of hot rough rolling, there is still room for improvement in the ear rate, and uniformity needs to be strengthened. In addition, although the final finishing temperature of these patented technologies is relatively high, since the rolling temperature of the hot finish rolling is not controlled, the rolling speed is limited and the production efficiency is low.
日本專利特開第2006-89828號規範熱精軋的起軋溫度為350℃~450℃,其生產效率可獲得提高,但卻忽略熱粗軋的完軋溫度,故所獲得之鋁片的耳率僅為堪用,均勻性亦待改善。而隔年同此專利案之申請人提出了日本專利特開第2007-51310號,其針對熱粗軋之完軋溫度部分予以補強,並規定粗軋末3道每道之裁減量為20%~60%,並以10℃/s~50℃/s的速度強制冷卻至精軋的起軋溫度。冷卻方式係於工作台上空冷擺放並搭配噴水、或是以潤滑液(水+油)強制冷卻,這樣作法的目的是為了抑制析出以避免耳率偏高的問題。然而,空冷的方式雖可擺放至均勻,但時間過久,而不利量產。另外,強制冷卻法雖可將熱軋板快速降溫, 但容易復熱並導致熱軋板之溫度不均,熱軋板之寬度方向的平均溫差至少60℃以上,甚至破百,使得最終成品的性質不穩定。 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-89828 regulates the hot rolling of hot finish rolling from 350 ° C to 450 ° C, and the production efficiency can be improved, but the rolling temperature of hot rough rolling is neglected, so the ear of the obtained aluminum sheet is obtained. The rate is only applicable and the uniformity needs to be improved. In the next year, the applicant of this patent case proposed Japanese Patent Special Opening No. 2007-51310, which is to reinforce the portion of the hot rolling roughing, and stipulates that the reduction of each of the three rough passes is 20%~ 60%, and forced cooling to the rolling temperature of finishing rolling at a rate of 10 ° C / s ~ 50 ° C / s. The cooling method is placed on the workbench and placed in cold air with water spray or forced cooling with lubricating fluid (water + oil). The purpose of this method is to suppress precipitation to avoid the problem of high ear rate. However, although the air-cooling method can be placed evenly, it takes too long to be mass-produced. In addition, the forced cooling method can quickly cool the hot rolled sheet. However, it is easy to reheat and cause the temperature of the hot rolled sheet to be uneven. The average temperature difference in the width direction of the hot rolled sheet is at least 60 ° C or more, or even broken, so that the properties of the final product are unstable.
因此,本發明之一目的就是在提供一種鋁罐用料之製造方法,其係一種以熱軋製程為主的方法,可改善具高深沖鋁製產品需求的耳率,而可減少廢料,並可提高鋁材的均勻性。 Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an aluminum can material which is a method of hot rolling, which can improve the ear rate of a product having a high deep draw aluminum product, and can reduce waste, and It can improve the uniformity of aluminum.
本發明之另一目的是在提供一種鋁罐用料之製造方法,藉由熱軋之軋延規程(pass schedule),例如包含下軋量、軋速與潤滑冷卻液等的適當組合,在不延長熱軋時間的原則下,於軋延過程中調控溫降速率,藉此達到低熱精軋機入口溫度與高完軋溫度,以增加利於改善凸耳之立方集合組織的成核與生長時間,進而可改善高深沖產品之耳率。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an aluminum can material by a hot rolling rolling schedule, for example, including a suitable combination of lower rolling amount, rolling speed and lubricating coolant, etc. Under the principle of prolonging the hot rolling time, the temperature drop rate is adjusted during the rolling process, thereby achieving the low hot finishing mill inlet temperature and the high finishing rolling temperature, so as to increase the nucleation and growth time of the cubic aggregate structure for improving the lugs, and further It can improve the ear rate of high deep drawing products.
本發明之又一目的是在提供一種鋁罐用料之製造方法,其可縮小熱粗軋板之溫度變異,因此鋁板之溫度分布更為均勻,而可大幅縮小熱軋捲之機性差異,達到強化熱軋捲之內質的目的,進而可有效提升最終成品之均勻性。故,最終所製得之成品不僅可符合客戶規範要求,且其破罐比例也明顯降低。 Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an aluminum can material which can reduce the temperature variation of the hot rough rolled plate, so that the temperature distribution of the aluminum plate is more uniform, and the difference in the mechanical properties of the hot rolled coil can be greatly reduced. The purpose of strengthening the inner quality of the hot rolled coil is achieved, thereby further improving the uniformity of the final product. Therefore, the finished product can not only meet the requirements of the customer's specifications, but also the proportion of broken cans is significantly reduced.
根據本發明之上述目的,提出一種鋁罐用料之製造方法。在此方法中,提供一鋁胚,其中鋁胚為AA3xxx系鋁合金。對鋁胚進行均質化處理,其中此均質化處理之溫 度為580℃至640℃,且均質化處理之持溫時間為大於或等於12小時。對鋁胚進行熱粗軋製程,以形成熱粗軋鋁板。熱粗軋製程包含複數道熱粗軋步驟,其中這些熱粗軋步驟中的末五道熱粗軋步驟之平均軋下量為20mm至30mm,這些熱粗軋步驟中的末道熱粗軋步驟之軋速為10s-1至30s-1。進行熱粗軋製程時包含對鋁胚噴灑潤滑冷卻液。對熱粗軋鋁板進行熱精軋製程,以形成熱精軋鋁板。熱精軋製程之精軋機入口溫度為390℃至440℃,且熱精軋製程之完軋溫度為320℃至355℃。對熱精軋鋁板進行冷軋製程,以形成鋁罐用料。 According to the above object of the present invention, a method of producing an aluminum can material is proposed. In this method, an aluminum embryo is provided, wherein the aluminum embryo is an AA3xxx series aluminum alloy. The aluminum embryo is homogenized, wherein the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 580 ° C to 640 ° C, and the temperature holding time of the homogenization treatment is 12 hours or more. The aluminum blank is subjected to a hot rough rolling process to form a hot rough rolled aluminum plate. The hot rough rolling process comprises a plurality of hot rough rolling steps, wherein the average rolling reduction of the last five hot rough rolling steps in the hot rough rolling step is 20 mm to 30 mm, and the final hot rough rolling step in the hot rough rolling step The rolling speed is 10s -1 to 30s -1 . The hot rough rolling process involves spraying a lubricating coolant onto the aluminum blank. The hot rough rolling aluminum sheet is subjected to a hot finish rolling process to form a hot-rolled aluminum sheet. The finishing temperature of the finishing mill of the hot finish rolling process is 390 ° C to 440 ° C, and the finishing temperature of the hot finish rolling pass is 320 ° C to 355 ° C. The hot-rolled aluminum sheet is subjected to a cold rolling process to form an aluminum can material.
依據本發明之一實施例,上述之鋁胚為AA3004鋁合金或AA3104鋁合金。 According to an embodiment of the invention, the aluminum embryo is an AA3004 aluminum alloy or an AA3104 aluminum alloy.
依據本發明之一實施例,上述之熱粗軋製程之起軋溫度為480℃至540℃。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the hot rolling process has a rolling temperature of 480 ° C to 540 ° C.
依據本發明之一實施例,上述之鋁胚於起軋溫度下持溫1小時至2小時。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, the aluminum embryo is held at a rolling temperature for 1 hour to 2 hours.
依據本發明之一實施例,在上述之熱粗軋製程中,於起軋後,熱粗軋製程之溫降速率為1℃/s至10℃/s。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the hot rough rolling process, the temperature drop rate of the hot rough rolling after the rolling is from 1 ° C / s to 10 ° C / s.
依據本發明之一實施例,於上述之熱粗軋製程後,熱粗軋鋁板之寬度方向的平均溫差小於10%。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, after the hot rough rolling process, the average temperature difference in the width direction of the hot rough rolled aluminum sheet is less than 10%.
依據本發明之一實施例,上述之冷軋製程之裁減率為85%至88%。 According to an embodiment of the invention, the reduction rate of the cold rolling process described above is from 85% to 88%.
依據本發明之一實施例,於上述之熱精軋製程與冷軋製程之間,不對熱精軋鋁板進行任何中間退火處理。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, no intermediate annealing treatment is performed on the hot-rolled aluminum sheet between the hot rolling process and the cold rolling process.
依據本發明之一實施例,於上述之冷軋製程後,鋁罐用料之厚度為0.275mm至0.31mm。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, after the cold rolling process described above, the thickness of the aluminum can material is from 0.275 mm to 0.31 mm.
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108‧‧‧步驟 108‧‧‧Steps
為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點與實施例能更明顯易懂,所附圖式之說明如下:〔圖1〕係繪示依照本發明之一實施方式的一種鋁罐用料之製造方法的流程圖。 The above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention will become more <RTIgt; <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; A flow chart of the manufacturing method.
有鑑於習知鋁罐用料的製作無法有效兼顧耳率、產品性質穩定性、生產效率、經濟效益與環保需求,因此本發明在此提出一種鋁罐用料之製造方法,其自熱軋製程著手,藉由熱軋之軋延規程的適當調整,來控制軋延溫度,以延長立方集合組織停留在適於成核與成長之溫度範圍的時間,藉此可促使利於降低凸耳之組織的成核與成長,並可提升材料的均勻性,進而達到強化熱軋鋁捲之內質的目的。故,本發明所製作出之鋁罐用料成品不僅可符合客戶規範要求,且用來製罐時,破罐比例也明顯降低。 In view of the fact that the production of aluminum can materials cannot be effectively taken into consideration in terms of ear rate, product property stability, production efficiency, economic efficiency and environmental protection requirements, the present invention proposes a method for manufacturing aluminum can materials, which is self-heating rolling. To proceed, the rolling temperature is controlled by appropriate adjustment of the rolling schedule of hot rolling to prolong the time during which the cubic aggregate structure stays in a temperature range suitable for nucleation and growth, thereby facilitating the reduction of the structure of the lugs. Nucleation and growth, and can improve the uniformity of materials, thereby achieving the purpose of strengthening the internal quality of hot rolled aluminum coils. Therefore, the finished product of the aluminum can produced by the invention not only meets the requirements of the customer's specifications, but also has a significantly reduced proportion of broken cans when used for canning.
本發明之鋁罐用料之製造方法可用以製造高品質、高成形及低廢料率之鋁製飲料罐之殼件(即罐身)用的鋁合金薄片。請參照圖1,其係繪示依照本發明之一實施方式的一種鋁罐用料之製造方法的流程圖。在本實施方式中,製 作鋁罐用料時,可先進行步驟100,以提供鋁胚。在一些例子中,鋁胚為鋁-錳-鎂系鋁合金。在一些示範例子中,鋁胚為AA3xxx系鋁合金。舉例而言,鋁胚為成分符合國際規範AA3004或AA3104的鋁合金。 The method for producing an aluminum can material according to the present invention can be used to produce an aluminum alloy sheet for a shell member (i.e., a can body) of a high-quality, high-forming and low-waste aluminum beverage can. Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a flow chart showing a method for manufacturing an aluminum can material according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, When used as an aluminum can, the step 100 may be performed first to provide an aluminum embryo. In some examples, the aluminum blank is an aluminum-manganese-magnesium based aluminum alloy. In some exemplary examples, the aluminum blank is an AA3xxx series aluminum alloy. For example, aluminum blanks are aluminum alloys that meet the international specifications AA3004 or AA3104.
接下來,可進行步驟102,以對鋁胚進行均質化處理。在一些例子中,進行鋁胚的均質化處理時,可將處理溫度控制在約580℃至約640℃,且讓鋁胚在此溫度下持溫一段時間。均質化處理之持溫時間可例如大於或等於12小時。舉例而言,若鋁胚的均質化處理溫度小於580℃或時間不足,鋁胚的成分會不均;另一方面,若均質化溫度大於640℃,鋁胚則有熔解的風險。 Next, step 102 can be performed to homogenize the aluminum embryo. In some examples, when the aluminum embryo is homogenized, the treatment temperature can be controlled from about 580 ° C to about 640 ° C, and the aluminum embryo is allowed to hold at this temperature for a period of time. The holding time of the homogenization treatment may be, for example, greater than or equal to 12 hours. For example, if the homogenization treatment temperature of the aluminum embryo is less than 580 ° C or the time is insufficient, the composition of the aluminum embryo may be uneven; on the other hand, if the homogenization temperature is greater than 640 ° C, the aluminum embryo has a risk of melting.
於均質化處理後,可進行步驟104,以對鋁胚進行熱粗軋製程,而將鋁胚熱粗軋成一熱粗軋鋁板。此熱粗軋製程可例如包含許多道熱粗軋步驟。在一些例子中,熱粗軋製程之起軋溫度可為約480℃至約540℃。而且,可例如使鋁胚在此起軋溫度下持溫約1小時至約2小時。在一些例子中,熱粗軋製程開軋後,較佳可將溫降速率控制在約1℃/s至約10℃/s,以利獲得較低且較均勻的完軋溫度。此外,為了滿足溫降速率的要求,在這些熱粗軋步驟中,末五道熱粗軋步驟之平均軋下量可例如控制為約20mm至約30mm,且末道熱粗軋步驟之軋速可例如控制為10s-1至30s-1。此外,進行熱粗軋製程時更可包含對鋁板噴灑潤滑冷卻液。在一些示範例子中,在每一道熱粗軋步驟中,均對鋁胚噴灑潤滑冷卻液。潤滑冷卻液的噴灑可有利於控制鋁板的溫度,而 可有效控制熱粗軋鋁板進入精軋機之入口溫度,並可大幅改善熱粗軋鋁板之均溫性。在一些示範例子中,於熱粗軋製程後,熱粗軋鋁板之寬度方向的平均溫差可小於約10%。 After the homogenization treatment, step 104 may be performed to perform hot rough rolling on the aluminum blank, and the aluminum embryo is hot rough rolled into a hot rough rolled aluminum sheet. This hot rough rolling process can, for example, comprise a number of hot rough rolling steps. In some examples, the hot rolling pass may have a rolling temperature of from about 480 ° C to about 540 ° C. Moreover, for example, the aluminum blank can be held at this rolling temperature for about 1 hour to about 2 hours. In some instances, after hot rolling, it is preferred to control the temperature drop rate from about 1 ° C/s to about 10 ° C/s to achieve a lower and more uniform finish temperature. Further, in order to satisfy the temperature drop rate requirement, in these hot rough rolling steps, the average rolling amount of the last five hot rough rolling steps may be, for example, controlled to be about 20 mm to about 30 mm, and the rolling speed of the final hot rough rolling step. For example, it can be controlled to be 10s -1 to 30s -1 . In addition, the hot rough rolling process may further include spraying the lubricating coolant on the aluminum plate. In some exemplary examples, the aluminum blank is sprayed with a lubricating coolant in each hot roughing step. The spraying of the lubricating coolant can be beneficial to control the temperature of the aluminum plate, and can effectively control the inlet temperature of the hot rough-rolled aluminum plate into the finishing mill, and can greatly improve the temperature uniformity of the hot rough-rolled aluminum plate. In some exemplary examples, the average temperature difference in the width direction of the hot rough rolled aluminum sheet may be less than about 10% after the hot rough rolling pass.
於熱粗軋製程後,可進行步驟106,以對熱粗軋鋁板進行熱精軋製程,而將熱粗軋鋁板進一步熱精軋成一熱精軋鋁板。此熱精軋製程可例如包含一或多道熱精軋步驟。由於在熱粗軋製程時,對溫降速率、末五道熱粗軋步驟之平均軋下量、以及末道熱粗軋步驟之軋速,甚至熱粗軋製程之起軋溫度等進行控制,並搭配噴灑潤滑冷卻液,藉此可有效控制熱精軋製程中熱粗軋鋁板進入精軋機之入口溫度。在一些例子中,於熱精軋製程中,熱粗軋鋁板進入精軋機之入口溫度可為約390℃至約440℃,且熱精軋製程之完軋溫度可為約320℃至約355℃。在一些示範例子中,熱精軋製程可將鋁板精軋至厚度約2.2mm。熱精軋製程後之鋁板厚度可根據產品需求而調整,並不限於上述之示範例子。 After the hot rough rolling process, step 106 may be performed to perform a hot finish rolling process on the hot rough rolled aluminum sheet, and the hot rough rolled aluminum sheet is further hot rolled into a hot rolled aluminum sheet. This hot finish rolling process may, for example, comprise one or more hot finish rolling steps. In the hot rough rolling process, the temperature drop rate, the average rolling amount of the last five hot rough rolling steps, and the rolling speed of the final hot rough rolling step, and even the rolling temperature of the hot rough rolling process are controlled, It is also equipped with a spray-lubricating coolant, which can effectively control the inlet temperature of the hot rough-rolled aluminum sheet into the finishing mill during the hot-rolling process. In some examples, in the hot finish rolling process, the inlet temperature of the hot rough rolled aluminum sheet into the finishing mill may be from about 390 ° C to about 440 ° C, and the hot rolling pass may be from about 320 ° C to about 355 ° C. . In some exemplary examples, the hot finish rolling process can finish rolling the aluminum sheet to a thickness of about 2.2 mm. The thickness of the aluminum plate after the hot finish rolling can be adjusted according to the product requirements, and is not limited to the above exemplary examples.
在本實施方式中,於熱粗軋製程期間的強制冷卻之目的是為了增加鋁材內的立方集合組織,並非為了抑制析出,其中相關析出問題已先於熱粗軋製程前的均質化處理中解決。此外,本實施方式為了使熱軋板之溫度分布均勻,而控制熱粗軋製程中的末五道之各道次的軋下量(例如約20mm至約30mm)、與末道熱粗軋步驟之軋速,並輔以潤滑冷卻液的噴灑,可將熱粗軋鋁板以相對較和緩的溫降速率強制冷卻。如此一來,於熱精軋完軋後,可獲得高立方集合組 織的熱軋鋁捲,且材料性質更為均勻,進而可獲得低耳率、高均勻性的鋁罐用料。 In the present embodiment, the purpose of forced cooling during the hot rough rolling process is to increase the cubic aggregate structure in the aluminum material, not to suppress precipitation, wherein the relative precipitation problem has preceded the homogenization treatment before the hot rough rolling process. solve. Further, in the present embodiment, in order to make the temperature distribution of the hot rolled sheet uniform, the amount of rolling of each of the last five passes in the hot rough rolling pass (for example, about 20 mm to about 30 mm) and the final hot rough rolling step are controlled. The rolling speed, combined with the spraying of the lubricating coolant, can force the hot rough rolled aluminum sheet to be forced to cool at a relatively gentle temperature drop rate. In this way, after the hot finish rolling, the high cube collection group can be obtained. Woven hot-rolled aluminum coils, and the material properties are more uniform, which in turn enables aluminum cans with low ear rate and high uniformity.
完成熱精軋製程後,可進行步驟108,以對熱精軋鋁板進行冷軋製程,而將熱精軋鋁板進一步冷軋成具有所需厚度的鋁罐用料,而大致完成鋁罐用料的製作。在一些例子中,於熱精軋製程與冷軋製程之間,可不對熱精軋鋁板進行任何中間退火處理,因此可大幅縮短製作時間,減少能耗。在一些示範例子中,冷軋製程之裁減率為約85%至約88%。此外,冷軋後之鋁罐用料的厚度可例如為約0.275mm至約0.31mm。 After the hot finish rolling process is completed, step 108 may be performed to perform a cold rolling process on the hot-rolled aluminum sheet, and the hot-rolled aluminum sheet is further cold-rolled into an aluminum can material having a desired thickness, and the aluminum can material is substantially completed. Production. In some cases, between the hot finish rolling process and the cold rolling pass, no intermediate annealing treatment may be performed on the hot-rolled aluminum sheet, thereby greatly reducing the production time and reducing the energy consumption. In some exemplary examples, the cold rolling process has a reduction rate of from about 85% to about 88%. Further, the thickness of the aluminum can after the cold rolling may be, for example, about 0.275 mm to about 0.31 mm.
藉由在熱粗軋製程時,導入控溫軋延的作法,而在不延長熱軋時間的原則下,將熱精軋機之入口與出口的溫度拉近至適當範圍,即低入口溫度與高完軋溫度,藉此延長有利於改善鋁罐用料之凸耳的立方集合組織生長的時間。而且,透過溫控的作法,可使鋁罐用料在高速下穩定生產,而可兼顧極大化鋁罐用料之立方集合組織的含量與產量。此外,藉由適當組合熱粗軋之下軋量與軋速等軋延規程、以及潤滑冷卻液的噴灑,可使鋁板可以較低入口溫度進入熱精軋機,如此一來,不但鋁板的板形可得到妥善控制外,亦可使得鋁板於熱粗軋完軋後的溫度更為均勻,例如熱粗軋鋁板之寬度方向的平均溫差可小於約10%,而可使熱軋鋁捲的機性差異大幅縮小,因此鋁罐用料成品之性質的均勻性自然提高。至於鋁罐用料的耳率更可穩定控制在小於1.5%。 By introducing the temperature-controlled rolling process during the hot rough rolling process, the temperature of the inlet and outlet of the hot finishing mill is brought to an appropriate range, that is, the low inlet temperature and high, without extending the hot rolling time. The rolling temperature is increased, thereby prolonging the time for improving the growth of the cubic aggregate structure of the lugs of the aluminum can. Moreover, through the temperature control method, the aluminum can material can be stably produced at a high speed, and the content and the output of the cubic aggregate structure of the aluminum can material can be maximized. In addition, by appropriately combining the rolling schedule such as the rolling amount and the rolling speed under hot rough rolling, and the spraying of the lubricating coolant, the aluminum plate can enter the hot finishing mill at a lower inlet temperature, so that not only the shape of the aluminum plate It can be properly controlled, and the temperature of the aluminum plate after hot rough rolling is more uniform. For example, the average temperature difference in the width direction of the hot rough rolled aluminum plate can be less than about 10%, and the properties of the hot rolled aluminum coil can be made. The difference is greatly reduced, so the uniformity of the properties of the finished product for aluminum cans is naturally improved. As for the aluminum can material, the ear rate can be more stably controlled at less than 1.5%.
以下利用多個實施例與比較例來說明運用本發明實施例所製作之鋁罐用料在耳率上的改善。各實施例與比較例之相關製程參數、及鋁罐用料成品厚度與凸耳率記錄於下表1中。 Hereinafter, the improvement of the ear rate of the aluminum can material produced by using the embodiment of the present invention will be described using a plurality of examples and comparative examples. The process parameters relating to the respective examples and comparative examples, and the finished product thickness and the lug ratio of the aluminum can are recorded in Table 1 below.
各實施例與比較例之熱軋鋁捲性質與成品性質記錄於下表2。 The hot rolled aluminum coil properties and finished product properties of the respective examples and comparative examples are reported in Table 2 below.
根據表2可知,實施例1~4利用本發明所設計之熱粗軋製程與熱精軋製程所製作出之熱軋鋁捲的抗拉強度與伸長率、以及成品的抗拉強度與耳率等機械性質皆相當均勻。而且,不但機械性質均勻,且鋁罐用料的耳率更可限制在小於1.5%。因此,本發明實施例的運用可大幅降低客戶的廢料量。而且,在斷罐率方面,由於鋁罐用料成品的均勻度大幅提高,因此斷罐的表現十分優異。 According to Table 2, the tensile strength and elongation of the hot-rolled aluminum coils produced by the hot-rolling and hot-rolling processes of Examples 1 to 4, and the tensile strength and ear rate of the finished products. The mechanical properties are fairly uniform. Moreover, not only the mechanical properties are uniform, but the ear rate of the aluminum can material can be limited to less than 1.5%. Therefore, the application of the embodiment of the present invention can greatly reduce the amount of waste of the customer. Further, in terms of the rate of the broken can, the uniformity of the finished product for the aluminum can is greatly improved, so that the performance of the broken can is excellent.
比較例1和2在鋁胚成分、均質化條件、熱粗軋之起軋條件、熱完軋厚度等均大致與實施例類似,唯熱粗軋末五道之平均軋下量不同,其中比較例1之熱粗軋末五道之平均軋下量較低,而比較例2之熱粗軋末五道之平均軋下量較高。根據實驗結果與上表2可知,比較例1之最終成品性質雖然堪用,但因軋下量偏低,導致總粗軋道次增加,因此 製程時程偏長而費時,較不經濟。再者,比較例1在工程上也不易控制,板型不佳,故均勻性略差,性質表現僅是尚可。另一方面,根據實驗結果與上表2可知,比較例2之軋下量偏高,導致鋁板復熱的情形嚴重,即使提高溫降速率,也無法壓低完軋溫度,故鋁捲不但不均勻,且耳率亦偏高。 Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are similar to the examples in the aluminum embryo component, homogenization conditions, hot-rolling rolling conditions, hot-rolling thickness, etc., except that the average rolling amount of the five rough rolls is different, and the comparison is made. The average rolling amount of the five rough rolls at the end of the hot rough rolling of Example 1 was lower, and the average rolling amount of the five rough hot rolling rolls of Comparative Example 2 was higher. According to the experimental results and the above Table 2, although the final product properties of Comparative Example 1 are applicable, the total rough rolling pass is increased due to the low rolling amount. The process time is long and time consuming, and it is less economical. Furthermore, Comparative Example 1 is not easy to control in engineering, and the plate type is not good, so the uniformity is slightly poor, and the performance is only acceptable. On the other hand, according to the experimental results and the above Table 2, the amount of rolling in Comparative Example 2 is too high, resulting in serious reheating of the aluminum plate. Even if the temperature drop rate is increased, the rolling temperature cannot be lowered, so the aluminum coil is not uneven. And the ear rate is also high.
比較例3和4在鋁胚成分、均質化條件、熱粗軋之起軋條件、熱完軋厚度等均大致與實施例類似,唯熱粗軋末道軋速不同,其中比較例3之熱粗軋末道軋速較低,而比較例4之熱粗軋末道軋速較高。由實驗結果與上表2可知,比較例3因軋速偏低,不但耗時且不經濟,且因滯留於轉送台之時間過長,熱軋捲之性質反而不均,故成品性質稍差。軋速過快之比較例4則會因絕熱效應,而無法有效降溫,因此故成品性質不佳。 Comparative Examples 3 and 4 are similar to the examples in the aluminum embryo component, the homogenization conditions, the hot rolling conditions, the hot rolling thickness, and the like, except that the hot rolling speed is different, and the heat of Comparative Example 3 is the same. The rolling speed at the end of the rough rolling was lower, and the rolling speed at the end of the hot rough rolling in Comparative Example 4 was higher. From the experimental results and the above Table 2, it can be seen that Comparative Example 3 is not only time-consuming and uneconomical due to the low rolling speed, but also because the time of retention on the transfer table is too long, and the properties of the hot rolled coil are rather uneven, so the finished product is slightly inferior. . Comparative Example 4, in which the rolling speed was too fast, was not effectively cooled due to the adiabatic effect, so the properties of the finished product were not good.
比較例5在鋁胚成分、均質化條件、熱粗軋之起軋條件、熱完軋厚度等均大致與實施例類似,唯不使用熱粗軋潤滑冷卻液作為輔助冷卻。由實驗結果與上表2可知,這樣將導致熱軋失敗率偏高,工安風險也高,且因成品性質不均勻以及精軋入口溫度偏高等原因,導致成品性質不佳。 In Comparative Example 5, the aluminum skeleton component, the homogenization conditions, the hot rolling rough rolling conditions, the hot rolling thickness, and the like were substantially similar to those of the examples except that the hot rough rolling lubricating coolant was used as the auxiliary cooling. It can be seen from the experimental results and the above Table 2 that this will lead to a high hot rolling failure rate, high safety risks, and poor properties of the finished product due to uneven product properties and high finishing temperature.
比較例6在鋁胚成分、均質化條件、熱粗軋之起軋條件、熱完軋厚度等均大致與實施例類似,但其溫降速率過快,故雖可透過參數適當組合,而獲得最低之粗軋完軋溫度與精軋入口溫度,但因溫度過低有超過軋機設備能力的風險,無法生產。 In Comparative Example 6, the aluminum skeleton component, the homogenization conditions, the hot rolling roughing conditions, the hot rolling thickness, and the like are substantially similar to the examples, but the temperature drop rate is too fast, so that it can be obtained by appropriately combining the parameters. The lowest rough rolling finish temperature and finish rolling inlet temperature, but the temperature is too low to exceed the capacity of the rolling mill equipment, and cannot be produced.
比較例7和8在鋁胚成分、均質化條件、熱粗軋之起軋條件、熱完軋厚度等均大致與實施例類似,唯熱精軋之完軋溫度不同,其中比較例7之熱精軋完軋溫度偏低,而比較例8之熱精軋完軋溫度偏高。由實驗結果與上表2可知,比較例7因熱精軋完軋溫度偏低,導致熱軋捲無法自行退火,而無法順利完成再結晶,因此鋁罐用料之立方組織含量不足,耳率偏高。而且,鋁捲均勻性也不佳,因此斷罐頻率也顯著提高。另一方面,比較例8因熱精軋完軋溫度偏高,導致立方組織含量下降過多,而使得成品於深沖時發生極不均勻之雙耳現象,導致客戶無法生產。 Comparative Examples 7 and 8 are similar to the examples in the aluminum embryo component, homogenization conditions, hot rolling conditions, hot rolling thickness, etc., except that the finishing temperature of the hot finish rolling is different, and the heat of Comparative Example 7 is the same. The finish rolling temperature was lower, and the hot finish rolling temperature of Comparative Example 8 was higher. From the experimental results and the above Table 2, it can be seen that the comparative example 7 due to the low temperature of the hot finish rolling, the hot rolled coil can not be self-annealed, and the recrystallization cannot be completed smoothly, so the cubic structure content of the aluminum can is insufficient. High. Moreover, the uniformity of the aluminum coil is not good, so the frequency of the broken can is also significantly improved. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 8, the temperature of the hot finish rolling was too high, resulting in a decrease in the cubic structure content, which caused the product to be extremely uneven in the deep drawing, resulting in the inability of the customer to produce.
由上述之實施方式可知,本發明之一優點就是因為本發明之鋁罐用料之製造方法藉由熱軋之軋延規程,例如包含下軋量、軋速與潤滑冷卻液等的適當組合,在不延長熱軋時間的原則下,於軋延過程中調控溫降速率,藉此達到低熱精軋機入口溫度與高完軋溫度,以增加利於改善凸耳之立方集合組織的成核與生長時間,進而可改善高深沖產品之耳率。 According to the above embodiments, one of the advantages of the present invention is that the manufacturing method of the aluminum can material according to the present invention is carried out by a rolling schedule of hot rolling, for example, including a suitable combination of the amount of rolling, the rolling speed, and the lubricating coolant. Under the principle of not extending the hot rolling time, the temperature drop rate is adjusted during the rolling process, thereby achieving the low hot finishing mill inlet temperature and the high finishing rolling temperature, so as to increase the nucleation and growth time of the cubic aggregate structure for improving the lugs. In turn, the ear rate of high deep drawing products can be improved.
由上述之實施方式可知,本發明之另一優點就是因為本發明之鋁罐用料之製造方法可縮小熱粗軋板之溫度變異,因此鋁板之溫度分布更為均勻,而可大幅縮小熱軋捲之機性差異,達到強化熱軋捲之內質的目的,進而可有效提升最終成品之均勻性。故,最終所製得之成品不僅可符合客戶規範要求,且其破罐比例也明顯降低。 It can be seen from the above embodiments that another advantage of the present invention is that the manufacturing method of the aluminum can material of the present invention can reduce the temperature variation of the hot rough-rolled sheet, so that the temperature distribution of the aluminum plate is more uniform, and the hot rolling can be greatly reduced. The difference in the volume of the roll achieves the purpose of strengthening the internal quality of the hot rolled coil, thereby effectively improving the uniformity of the final product. Therefore, the finished product can not only meet the requirements of the customer's specifications, but also the proportion of broken cans is significantly reduced.
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何在此技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 While the present invention has been described above by way of example, it is not intended to be construed as a limitation of the scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
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