TW201729219A - Method and device for pressure relief and inertization of waste containers for radioactive waste - Google Patents

Method and device for pressure relief and inertization of waste containers for radioactive waste Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201729219A
TW201729219A TW105138963A TW105138963A TW201729219A TW 201729219 A TW201729219 A TW 201729219A TW 105138963 A TW105138963 A TW 105138963A TW 105138963 A TW105138963 A TW 105138963A TW 201729219 A TW201729219 A TW 201729219A
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
adapter
container
pressure
internal volume
interior
Prior art date
Application number
TW105138963A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
馬丁 荷夫曼
因格馬爾 柯許威茲
托爾斯坦 卡爾
Original Assignee
Ｇｎｓ輻能服務公司
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Application filed by Ｇｎｓ輻能服務公司 filed Critical Ｇｎｓ輻能服務公司
Publication of TW201729219A publication Critical patent/TW201729219A/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G21F5/14—Devices for handling containers or shipping-casks, e.g. transporting devices loading and unloading, filling of containers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G21F5/12—Closures for containers; Sealing arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/22—Safety features
    • B65D90/32—Arrangements for preventing, or minimising the effect of, excessive or insufficient pressure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/34—Disposal of solid waste
    • G21F9/36—Disposal of solid waste by packaging; by baling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vacuum Packaging (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)

Abstract

Method for pressure relief and inertization of waste containers (1) for radioactive waste, wherein an adapter (2) with an adapter internal volume (3) is connected to the container (1), in particular to the container lid (4). The adapter (2) is then filled with an inert gas at positive pressure and a connection is then made between the container interior (5) and the adapter internal volume (3) so that according to the pressure difference between the pressure in the container interior (5) and the positive pressure in the adapter internal volume (3), a mixed pressure is established. The mixed pressure in the container interior (5) is then released and a negative pressure is then produced in the container interior (5) and the gas removed from the container interior (5) is replaced by at least one inert gas.

Description

用於放射性廢料的廢料容器的壓力釋放及惰化的裝置及方法Apparatus and method for pressure release and inerting of waste containers for radioactive waste

本發明係關於用於放射性廢料的廢料容器之壓力釋放及惰化之一方法，特定言之係關於低階及中度(medium)活性放射性廢料。本發明進一步係關於用於放射性廢料的廢料容器之壓力釋放及惰化的一轉接裝置。The present invention relates to a method of pressure release and inerting of a waste container for radioactive waste, in particular for low-grade and medium-active radioactive waste. The invention further relates to an adapter for pressure release and inerting of a waste container for radioactive waste.

用於放射性廢料之廢料容器通常係由金屬材料製成。其包括一容器基座、一鄰接容器夾套及至少一個容器蓋。此等廢料容器必須符合特定安全要求且除確保充分屏蔽之外，其亦必須經組態成充分耐壓。在下文中，術語「容器」係用於取代術語「廢料容器」之簡稱。 自實踐已知在廢料容器中封裝各種類型之放射性廢料。該等廢料容器經組態為傳輸及/或儲存容器。本發明係基於由於放射性廢料之性質或藉由組合不同放射性廢料及視需要之水，其程序可導致在容器內部中之氣體氛圍中之一變化的結果之發現。例如，作為輻解之一結果，可在容器內部增大一正壓。特定言之，歸因於氫氣之形成而發生壓力增大。原則上，亦可在容器內部增大一負壓力，此(例如)歸因於氧氣之消耗或作為在儲存期間在調節且封閉之後之溫廢料容器與冷卻廢料容器之間溫度差之一結果。在廢料容器中形成之可燃氣體(尤其氫氣)主要造成一問題。此等可與混合物中之氧氣形成一爆炸性氣體。此等爆炸性混合物在容器之緊密度測試中尤其成問題。若假定容器之該等密封並不完全完整，則在密封之間之密封中間空間可填充有一爆炸性氣體。目前為止無藉由其負載廢料容器可簡單地且有效地釋放壓力及惰化同時考量所有安全要求之已知可靠量測。需要高效壓力釋放及惰化用於傳輸容器及/或儲存容器。就此方面，需要改良。Waste containers for radioactive waste are typically made of a metallic material. It includes a container base, an adjacent container jacket, and at least one container cover. These waste containers must meet specific safety requirements and must be configured to be fully pressure-resistant in addition to ensuring adequate shielding. In the following, the term "container" is used to replace the abbreviation of the term "waste container". Various types of radioactive waste are known to be packaged in waste containers since practice. The waste containers are configured to transport and/or store containers. The present invention is based on the discovery of the result of a change in one of the gaseous atmospheres in the interior of the vessel based on the nature of the radioactive waste or by combining different radioactive waste and optionally water. For example, as a result of one of the radiolysis, a positive pressure can be increased inside the container. In particular, an increase in pressure occurs due to the formation of hydrogen. In principle, it is also possible to increase a negative pressure inside the container, which is due, for example, to the consumption of oxygen or as one of the temperature differences between the warm waste container and the cooled waste container after conditioning and closing during storage. The combustible gas (especially hydrogen) formed in the waste container mainly causes a problem. These can form an explosive gas with the oxygen in the mixture. These explosive mixtures are particularly problematic in the tightness test of containers. If it is assumed that the seals of the container are not completely intact, the sealed intermediate space between the seals may be filled with an explosive gas. No known reliable measurement of all safety requirements has been made so far by simply and effectively releasing pressure and inerting by means of its load waste container. Efficient pressure release and inerting are required for transport containers and/or storage containers. In this regard, improvement is needed.

因此，本發明係基於提供藉由該等廢料容器之一簡單、有效且可靠惰化及壓力釋放而最初提及之類型的一方法之技術問題。本發明進一步係基於提供用於壓力釋放及惰化之一對應裝置之技術問題。 為解決技術問題，本發明教示用於放射性廢料(尤其用於低階及中度活性放射性廢料)的廢料容器之壓力釋放及惰化之一方法，其中具有一轉接器內部體積之一轉接器連接至該容器，尤其連接至容器蓋；其中轉接器或轉接器內部體積接著在正壓力下填充有一惰性氣體；其中接著在容器內部與轉接器內部體積之間形成一連接，使得根據在容器內部中之壓力與在轉接器內部體積中之正壓力之間之壓力差而在轉接器內部體積中建立一混合壓力，其中在該容器內部中及在該轉接器內部體積中之混合壓力接著經釋放(尤其釋放至環境壓力)；及其中接著在容器內部產生一負壓力且藉由至少一個惰性氣體取代自容器內部移除之氣體或氣體混合物。 較佳地，此處使用氮氣作為惰性氣體。原則上，鈍氣在此處用作為惰性氣體。 本發明之關鍵點在於根據本發明之具有轉接器內部體積之轉接器。方便地，此轉接器連接至在容器上側上之容器蓋且較佳地直接連接至容器蓋。在此情況中，使用至少一個固定元件將轉接器固定至容器蓋係在本發明之架構內。此外，在根據本發明之廢料容器或容器內部之壓力釋放及惰化中，經由轉接器內部體積引導所有先前所列氣體流量係在本發明之架構內。轉接器確保根據本發明之方法之所有程序或步驟在經界定條件下發生自該等環境條件解耦合。 本發明係基於藉由根據本發明之具有轉接器內部體積之轉接器，容器內部之一極簡單及可靠壓力釋放及惰化係可行的之發現。爆炸性氣體混合物(尤其具有氫氣及氧氣之氣體混合物)可以可靠地且安全地排放至周圍環境或經移除。此等量測在根據本發明之方法之架構內可具有出乎意料的低支出。 在將轉接器連接至容器蓋之後，首先(尤其在正壓下使用惰性氣體填充轉接器內部體積之前)自具有轉接器內部體積及連接至其之管線及/或組件的轉接裝置至少大部分移除或排出空氣或氧氣係在本發明之架構內。轉接器裝置在此處且隨後意指尤其包括轉接器及連接至該轉接器之至少一個管線(較佳地連接至該轉接器之複數個管線及/或組件)之裝置。在已大部分地移除空氣或氧氣之後，推薦在轉接裝置中或在轉接器內部體積及連接至其之管線及/或組件中製作一負壓力或一真空。方便地，接著使用惰性氣體填充轉接裝置或轉接器內部體積及連接至其之該等管線及/或組件。方便地，實施對負壓力/真空之製作且隨後填充惰性氣體，限制條件為在轉接裝置中之氧含量小於1 %體積，且較佳地顯著小於1 %體積。 根據本發明之方法的一較佳實施例之特徵在於(尤其在先前描述之藉由惰性氣體排出空氣或氧氣之前)實施對轉接裝置之一緊密度測試。較佳地，轉接裝置之部分區域(方便地，藉由關斷元件分離之轉接裝置之部分區域)被抽空且接著量測(尤其係在一界定時間間隔內量測)在此等部分區域中之壓力上升。連續地抽空該等部分區域或在該等部分區域中連續地製造一負壓力係在本發明之架構內。若所量測壓力上升低於一界定限定值，則部分區域或該等部分區域之整體可指定為緊密。方便地，在轉接器(作為轉接裝置之部分)上且在至容器之該轉接器之介面處實施先前所描述之緊密度測試。 在較佳地進行緊密度測試以後及/或在較佳地進行自轉接裝置排出空氣或氧氣之後，根據本發明在正壓下使用惰性氣體填充轉接器內部體積。在此情況中，推薦在轉接器內部體積中之正壓係1.5巴至10巴(較佳地，係2巴至7巴)之限制條件下發生在正壓下使用惰性氣體填充轉接器內部體積。 經由安置於容器蓋中之至少一個小蓋製造在轉接器內部體積與容器內部之間之連接係在本發明之架構內。較佳地，在容器蓋中提供可在轉接器之幫助下或在整合於轉接器中之一升降裝置之幫助下打開之一小蓋。方便地，至少一個小蓋係使用轉接器之升降裝置自容器之容器蓋提升。藉由此方式，經由至少一個開口或經由至少一個開口通道(較佳地經由至少兩個開口通道且尤其較佳地經由兩個開口通道)製造在轉接器內部體積與容器內部之間之連接。藉由自容器蓋提升至少一個小蓋，確保小蓋亦可在一負壓力普遍於容器中時打開。 在轉接器或轉接器內部體積在正壓下已填充有一惰性氣體之後製造在轉接器內部體積與容器內部之間之連接係在本發明之架構內。此外，在連接容器內部與轉接器內部體積之後建立之混合壓力低於在填充有惰性氣體之轉接器內部體積中之先前存在之正壓。方便地，混合壓力較佳地小於10巴、更較佳地小於7巴且極佳地小於5巴。針對所建立混合壓力大於在轉接器內部體積中先前存在之正壓及/或大於一上限值之情況，根據本發明之一較佳實施例，可起始減小一附加壓力且推薦此可藉由旁路裝置起始。為此，一界定上限值係特定用於壓力或混合壓力。 根據本發明，在容器內部中及在轉接器內部體積中之混合壓力接著經釋放(尤其釋放至環境壓力)，且接著在該容器內部中產生一負壓力，其中移除存在於該容器內部中之氣體或氣體混合物。推薦自容器內部抽出之此氣體/氣體混合物最初使用一稀釋氣體(較佳地使用空氣做為稀釋氣體)稀釋且經呈稀釋形式移除，尤其係排放至周圍環境或至大氣。經由轉接器內部體積自容器內部抽出氣體或氣體混合物係在本發明之架構內。在稀釋之後一可燃物或爆炸性氣體/氣體混合器顯著低於爆炸極限之限制條件下實施對該氣體或該氣體混合物之稀釋。 在此稀釋情況下，注意確保任何下游系統不曝露至一爆炸性氣體。 根據本發明，自容器內部抽出之氣體或氣體混合物由惰性氣體取代。推薦在容器內部中之剩餘氧含量小於1 %體積、較佳地小於0.8 %體積且極佳地小於0.5 %體積之限制條件下實施藉由惰性氣體之此取代。 較佳地，填充有惰性氣體(較佳地填充有氮氣)之容器內部調整至環境壓力。因此，在藉由惰性氣體取代之後或在填充有惰性氣體之後，環境壓力普遍於容器內部中。方便地，轉接器接著再次自容器或自容器蓋分離。 為解決此技術問題，本發明進一步教示用於放射性廢料(尤其用於低階及中度活性放射性廢料)的廢料容器之壓力釋放及惰化之一轉接裝置，其中提供具有轉接器內部體積之一轉接器用於接收一氣體容積；其中轉接器或轉接器內部體積連接至至少一個泵或真空泵用於抽出氣體或用於製造一負壓力；且其中轉接器或轉接器內部體積進一步連接至至少一個惰性氣體源用於使用惰性氣體填充轉接器內部體積及/或容器內部。 根據本發明之一較佳實施例，轉接器之轉接器內部體積對應於容器內部之體積之4%至20%、較佳地5%至15%且極佳地6%至10%。在此方面，推薦容器內部之體積大於或顯著大於轉接器內部體積。推薦轉接器或轉接器內部體積經由至少一個真空管線連接至泵及/或經由至少一個惰性氣體管線連接至惰性氣體源。根據本發明之一所推薦實施例，轉接裝置包括除轉接器之外之泵、惰性氣體源及較佳地至少一個真空管線及/或至少一個惰性氣體管線。 根據本發明之轉接裝置之一極佳實施例之特徵在於轉接器經調適用於一直接配置或用於固定在容器之容器蓋配置處或在容器之容器蓋配置上。方便地，轉接器直接固定在容器之容器蓋上。藉由轉接器或藉由轉接器內部體積覆蓋容器蓋中之至少一個小蓋係在本發明之架構內。方便地，至少一個小蓋經提升且因此藉由整合於轉接器中之一升降裝置打開。在此情況中，推薦在轉接器內部體積內部移動或操縱小蓋。 根據本發明之轉接裝置之一特定所推薦實施例之特徵在於至少一個混合裝置(較佳地，呈至少一個混合噴嘴形式)經提供用於使用一稀釋氣體(較佳地以空氣)稀釋或用於混合自容器內部抽出氣體或混合氣體。方便地，在混合裝置中(較佳地，在混合噴嘴中)，一大體積之稀釋氣體與一小體積之所抽出氣體或氣體混合物混合。下文進一步詳細地說明根據本發明使用之一混合噴嘴之一較佳實施例。藉由混合裝置或混合噴嘴，可確保任何可燃或爆炸性氣體/氣體混合物可被稀釋，限制條件為自混合裝置或自混合噴嘴排放之氣體混合物不再具爆炸性且因此可安全地排放至周圍環境或至大氣。 本發明之標的亦係一轉接器(尤其根據本發明之用於實施方法及/或根據本發明之用於轉接裝置)，其中轉接器具有一轉接器蓋及鄰接該轉接器蓋之一圓周轉接器壁；其中轉接器蓋及轉接器壁圍封或定界轉接器內部體積；且其中轉接器較佳地具有至少一個固定元件用於將轉接器固定至一容器蓋。根據本發明之一特定較佳實施例，轉接器經組態為在其之下側面向容器蓋打開或實質上打開，使得在轉接器固定在容器蓋上之狀態下，轉接器內部體積直接鄰接容器蓋或容器蓋之上側。推薦轉接器內部體積係容器內部之體積之4%至20%(較佳地，至15%)。 本發明係基於以下發現：其中根據本發明之方法及根據本發明之轉接裝置，可達成一廢料容器之一廉價且同時可靠壓力釋放及惰化。根據本發明之此壓力釋放及惰化可由相對較少處理步驟達成，且仍然符合所有安全要求。可確保在根據本發明之方法之架構內，在容器內部中之成問題氣體或氣體混合物可由惰性氣體可靠地且有效地取代。同時，藉由惰性氣體可達成廢料容器之一安全開口、及一可靠且有效壓力減小及氣體或氣體大氣交換。此外，可依一簡單方式製備可燃及/爆炸性氣體，使得將其等無問題地傳送至一核通風系統。出於此目的，核通風系統無需符合相對於爆炸性氣體混合物及所得壓力波動之任何附加要求。因此，根據本發明之一廢料容器之壓力釋放及惰化可以相對低成本簡單地且可靠地實施。Accordingly, the present invention is based on the technical problem of providing a method of the type initially mentioned by one of the waste containers being simple, effective and reliable inerting and pressure release. The invention is further based on the provision of technical problems for a device for pressure release and inerting. In order to solve the technical problem, the present invention teaches one of the methods of pressure release and inerting of a waste container for radioactive waste (especially for low-order and moderately active radioactive waste), wherein one of the internal volumes of the adapter is transferred. Attached to the container, in particular to the container lid; wherein the inner volume of the adapter or adapter is then filled with an inert gas under positive pressure; wherein a connection is then formed between the interior of the container and the interior volume of the adapter, such that Establishing a mixing pressure in the interior volume of the adapter based on the pressure difference between the pressure in the interior of the vessel and the positive pressure in the interior volume of the adapter, wherein the interior of the vessel and the interior volume of the adapter The mixing pressure is then released (especially to ambient pressure); and then a negative pressure is created inside the vessel and the gas or gas mixture removed from the interior of the vessel is replaced by at least one inert gas. Preferably, nitrogen is used herein as the inert gas. In principle, the blunt gas is used here as an inert gas. A key point of the invention resides in an adapter having an internal volume of the adapter in accordance with the present invention. Conveniently, the adapter is attached to the container lid on the upper side of the container and is preferably directly attached to the container lid. In this case, securing the adapter to the container lid using at least one securing element is within the framework of the present invention. Moreover, in the pressure release and inerting of the interior of the waste container or container in accordance with the present invention, directing all previously listed gas flows through the interior volume of the adapter is within the framework of the present invention. The adapter ensures that all of the procedures or steps of the method according to the invention are decoupled from such environmental conditions under defined conditions. The present invention is based on the discovery that an extremely simple and reliable pressure release and inerting of the interior of the container is possible by the adapter having the internal volume of the adapter according to the present invention. Explosive gas mixtures, especially gas mixtures with hydrogen and oxygen, can be reliably and safely discharged to the surrounding environment or removed. Such measurements may have unexpectedly low expenditures within the framework of the method according to the invention. After connecting the adapter to the container lid, first (especially before filling the internal volume of the adapter with inert gas under positive pressure) from the adapter with the internal volume of the adapter and the lines and/or components connected thereto At least a substantial portion of the removal or venting of air or oxygen is within the framework of the present invention. The adapter device is here and subsequently meant to include, inter alia, an adapter and means for connecting to at least one of the conduits of the adapter, preferably to a plurality of lines and/or components of the adapter. After most of the air or oxygen has been removed, it is recommended to make a negative pressure or a vacuum in the transfer device or in the internal volume of the adapter and the lines and/or components connected thereto. Conveniently, the internal volume of the adapter or adapter and the lines and/or components connected thereto are then filled with an inert gas. Conveniently, the fabrication of the negative pressure/vacuum is carried out and then the inert gas is filled, with the proviso that the oxygen content in the switching device is less than 1% by volume, and preferably significantly less than 1% by volume. A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that a tightness test of one of the switching devices is carried out, in particular before the previously described discharge of air or oxygen by an inert gas. Preferably, a portion of the transition device (preferably, a portion of the transition device that is separated by the shut-off element) is evacuated and then measured (especially measured over a defined time interval) in such portions The pressure in the area rises. Continuous evacuation of the partial regions or continuous manufacture of a negative pressure within the partial regions is within the framework of the present invention. If the measured pressure rises below a defined limit, the partial area or the entirety of the partial areas may be designated as tight. Conveniently, the previously described tightness test is performed on the adapter (as part of the transfer device) and at the interface to the adapter of the container. After the tightness test is preferably performed and/or after the air or oxygen is preferably vented from the transfer device, the internal volume of the adapter is filled with an inert gas under positive pressure in accordance with the present invention. In this case, it is recommended to use an inert gas filling adapter under positive pressure under a restriction of 1.5 bar to 10 bar (preferably 2 to 7 bar) in the internal volume of the adapter. Internal volume. The connection between the interior volume of the adapter and the interior of the container via at least one small cover disposed in the container lid is within the framework of the present invention. Preferably, a small cover is provided in the container lid that can be opened with the aid of an adapter or with the aid of one of the lifting devices integrated into the adapter. Conveniently, at least one of the small lids is lifted from the container lid of the container using the lifting device of the adapter. In this way, the connection between the internal volume of the adapter and the interior of the container is produced via at least one opening or via at least one open channel, preferably via at least two open channels and particularly preferably via two open channels. . By lifting at least one small cover from the container lid, it is ensured that the small lid can also be opened when a negative pressure is common in the container. The connection between the internal volume of the adapter and the interior of the container after the internal volume of the adapter or adapter has been filled with an inert gas under positive pressure is within the framework of the present invention. Furthermore, the mixing pressure established after connecting the interior of the container with the internal volume of the adapter is lower than the pre-existing positive pressure in the internal volume of the adapter filled with inert gas. Conveniently, the mixing pressure is preferably less than 10 bar, more preferably less than 7 bar and very preferably less than 5 bar. For the case where the established mixing pressure is greater than the pre-existing positive pressure and/or greater than an upper limit value in the internal volume of the adapter, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an additional pressure may be initially reduced and recommended It can be started by a bypass device. To this end, a defined upper limit is specific to the pressure or mixing pressure. According to the invention, the mixing pressure in the interior of the container and in the internal volume of the adapter is then released (especially to ambient pressure) and then a negative pressure is created in the interior of the container, wherein removal is present inside the container a gas or gas mixture. It is recommended that the gas/gas mixture drawn from the interior of the vessel be initially diluted with a diluent gas (preferably using air as a diluent gas) and removed in a diluted form, especially to the surrounding environment or to the atmosphere. Extraction of a gas or gas mixture from the interior of the vessel via the internal volume of the adapter is within the framework of the present invention. The dilution of the gas or the gas mixture is carried out under conditions in which a combustible or explosive gas/gas mixer is significantly below the explosion limit after dilution. In this dilution, take care to ensure that any downstream system is not exposed to an explosive gas. According to the invention, the gas or gas mixture withdrawn from the interior of the vessel is replaced by an inert gas. It is recommended to carry out this substitution by inert gas under the restriction that the residual oxygen content in the interior of the vessel is less than 1% by volume, preferably less than 0.8% by volume and very preferably less than 0.5% by volume. Preferably, the interior of the vessel filled with an inert gas, preferably filled with nitrogen, is adjusted to ambient pressure. Therefore, the ambient pressure is generally common in the interior of the container after being replaced by an inert gas or after being filled with an inert gas. Conveniently, the adapter is then again detached from the container or from the container lid. In order to solve this technical problem, the present invention further teaches one of pressure relief and inerting of a waste container for radioactive waste (especially for low-order and moderately active radioactive waste), wherein an internal volume of the adapter is provided. One of the adapters for receiving a gas volume; wherein the adapter or adapter internal volume is connected to at least one pump or vacuum pump for withdrawing gas or for manufacturing a negative pressure; and wherein the adapter or adapter is internal The volume is further coupled to at least one source of inert gas for filling the interior volume of the adapter and/or the interior of the vessel with an inert gas. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the internal volume of the adapter adapter corresponds to 4% to 20%, preferably 5% to 15% and preferably 6% to 10% of the volume of the interior of the container. In this regard, it is recommended that the volume inside the container be larger or significantly larger than the internal volume of the adapter. It is recommended that the internal volume of the adapter or adapter be connected to the pump via at least one vacuum line and/or to the source of inert gas via at least one inert gas line. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the switching device comprises a pump other than the adapter, a source of inert gas and preferably at least one vacuum line and/or at least one inert gas line. An excellent embodiment of an adapter device according to the invention is characterized in that the adapter is adapted for use in a direct configuration or for attachment to a container closure configuration of the container or to a container closure configuration of the container. Conveniently, the adapter is attached directly to the container lid of the container. At least one of the cover of the container cover is covered by the adapter or by the internal volume of the adapter within the framework of the present invention. Conveniently, at least one of the small covers is lifted and thus opened by a lifting device integrated into the adapter. In this case, it is recommended to move or manipulate the small cover inside the internal volume of the adapter. A particular preferred embodiment of one of the switching devices according to the invention is characterized in that at least one mixing device (preferably in the form of at least one mixing nozzle) is provided for dilution with a diluent gas, preferably with air or It is used to extract gas or mixed gas from the inside of the container. Conveniently, in a mixing device (preferably in a mixing nozzle), a large volume of diluent gas is mixed with a small volume of the extracted gas or gas mixture. A preferred embodiment of one of the mixing nozzles used in accordance with the present invention is described in further detail below. By means of a mixing device or mixing nozzle, it is ensured that any combustible or explosive gas/gas mixture can be diluted, with the proviso that the gas mixture discharged from the mixing device or from the mixing nozzle is no longer explosive and can therefore be safely discharged to the surrounding environment or To the atmosphere. The subject matter of the invention is also an adapter (particularly for carrying out the method according to the invention and/or for the adapter device according to the invention), wherein the adapter has an adapter cover and abuts the adapter cover a circumferential adapter wall; wherein the adapter cover and the adapter wall enclose or delimit the interior volume of the adapter; and wherein the adapter preferably has at least one securing element for securing the adapter to A container lid. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the adapter is configured to open or substantially open the container lid on its underside such that the adapter interior is secured to the container lid The volume is directly adjacent to the container lid or the upper side of the container lid. It is recommended that the internal volume of the adapter be 4% to 20% (preferably, to 15%) of the volume inside the container. The invention is based on the discovery that in accordance with the method of the invention and the adapter device according to the invention, an inexpensive and at the same time reliable pressure release and inerting of one of the waste containers can be achieved. This pressure release and inerting in accordance with the present invention can be achieved with relatively few processing steps and still meet all safety requirements. It can be ensured that within the framework of the method according to the invention, the problem gas or gas mixture in the interior of the vessel can be reliably and efficiently replaced by an inert gas. At the same time, a safe opening of one of the waste containers, and a reliable and effective pressure reduction and gas or gas atmosphere exchange can be achieved by the inert gas. In addition, flammable and/or explosive gases can be prepared in a simple manner such that they are transmitted without problems to a nuclear ventilation system. For this purpose, the nuclear ventilation system does not need to meet any additional requirements relative to the explosive gas mixture and the resulting pressure fluctuations. Therefore, the pressure release and inerting of the waste container according to the present invention can be carried out simply and reliably at a relatively low cost.

圖式繪示根據本發明之用於放射性廢料(尤其用於低階及中度活性廢料)的廢料容器1之壓力釋放及惰化之一方法。根據本發明，具有一轉接器內部體積3之一轉接器2連接至容器1且尤其此轉接器2較佳地且在例示性實施例中固定在容器1之容器蓋4上。轉接器2係在後文中詳細說明之一轉接裝置6，其尤其包括一泵或真空泵7以及一惰性氣體源8、一真空管線10及一惰性氣體管線11。此外，在下文進一步詳細說明之一混合噴嘴9係轉接裝置6之部分。 轉接器2具有一轉接器蓋12及連接至該轉接器蓋12之一圓周轉接器壁13。較佳地且在例示性實施例中，面向容器1之轉接器2之下側14經組態為打開，使得在轉接器2之安裝狀態中之轉接器體積3直接鄰接容器蓋4之上側。轉接器2進一步包括用於將該轉接器2固定至容器蓋4之固定元件15。此外，轉接器2較佳地且在例示性實施例中配裝有連接至在容器1之容器蓋4中之一小蓋17的一升降裝置16。小蓋17可藉由升降裝置16提升且以此方式，推薦且在例示性實施例中經由在容器蓋4中提供之開口通道18製造轉接器內部體積3與容器內部5之間之一連接。方便地，在容器蓋4中提供此等兩個開口通道18。然而，僅在圖式中展示一個開口通道18。可再次藉由升降裝置16將小蓋17放置於適當位置。 後文中說明根據本發明之方法之一特定較佳實施例：在連接轉接器2或轉接裝置6之後，在一第一程序步驟中實施對系統之一緊密度測試。在此情況中，較佳地連續地抽空藉由關斷元件或閥分離之轉接裝置6之部分區域且接著在一界定時間間隔內量測在此等部分區域中之壓力上升。若在該等部分區域中之壓力上升低於一先前界定極限值，則可將部分區域或轉接裝置6分類為緊密。較佳地，接著藉由由泵或真空泵7在該等組件中產生一負壓力或一真空移除來自轉接裝置6 (尤其來自轉接器內部體積3)及連接至該轉接器內部體積3之管線10、11之空氣。方便地，在轉接裝置6中之氧含量小於1 %體積之限制條件下實施此抽空。 轉接器2或轉接器內部體積3接著在正壓下填充有惰性氣體。較佳地且在例示性實施例中，經由惰性氣體管線11將氮氣自惰性氣體源8引入至轉接器內部體積3中。在轉接器內部體積3中之惰性氣體之正壓可最終為7巴。 接著製造在轉接器內部體積3與容器內部5之間之一連接。出於此目的，藉由整合於轉接器2中之升降裝置16提升迄今封閉之小蓋17 (參見圖2及圖3之比較分析)。針對此處描述之程序步驟，圖2展示仍為封閉狀態之小蓋17及圖3展示已打開之小蓋17。 作為轉接器內部體積3與容器內部5之間之連接之一結果，根據在轉接器內部體積3中之壓力與在容器內部5中之壓力之間之壓力差建立一混合壓力。推薦方法在建立小於7巴之一混合壓力的限制條件下實施。 在下一程序步驟中，釋放在容器內部5中及在轉接器內部體積3中之混合壓力。為此，氣體經由真空管線10抽出且較佳地經由一過濾器19供應至混合噴嘴9。在混合噴嘴9之幫助下，使用一稀釋氣體(推薦且在例示性實施例中使用空氣做為稀釋氣體)稀釋自容器內部5抽出之氣體或氣體混合物。方便地，稀釋經量度使得自容器內部5抽出之可燃氣體或可燃氣體混合物顯著低於爆炸下限。為此，經由混合噴嘴9之一第一入口21將空氣之一相對大體積流引入至該混合噴嘴9中，且經由第二入口22引入相較於自容器內部5抽出之氣體或氣體混合物之一相對小體積流。使用空氣稀釋之所得氣體或氣體混合物顯著低於低爆炸極限。此經稀釋氣體/氣體混合物可安全地排放至(例如)一發電廠之一排氣系統23。 接著藉由泵7在容器內部5中及在轉接器內部體積3中產生一負壓力，且在抽空期間抽出之氣體或氣體混合物被視為如先前所描述且在混合噴嘴9之幫助下被稀釋。所移除氣體或氣體混合物由惰性氣體(較佳地且在例示性實施例中藉由氮氣)取代，該氮氣繼而自惰性氣體源8供應。氣體或氣體混合物藉由惰性氣體之此取代係在容器1中之氧含量小於1 %體積的限制條件下實施。方便地，填充有惰性氣體之容器內部5調整至環境壓力。 最終，轉接器2再次自容器1分離。接著可在不設限下無問題地實施對容器之所有後續工作而可受保護不致爆炸。根據本發明之方法之特徵在於該等廢料容器1在正壓力及負壓力兩者下皆可安全地釋放壓力及惰化之優點。在根據本發明之方法之條件下，可輕易地製備已填充且經調整之廢料容器1用於傳輸至一最終儲存位點且同時可確保容器1已符合相對於壓力且相對於氣體含量之所有要求。The figure illustrates one method of pressure release and inerting of a waste container 1 for radioactive waste, particularly for low-order and moderately active waste, in accordance with the present invention. According to the invention, one of the adapters 2 having an inner volume 3 of the adapter is connected to the container 1 and in particular the adapter 2 is preferably fastened to the container lid 4 of the container 1 in an exemplary embodiment. The adapter 2 is an adapter device 6 which is described in detail hereinafter and which comprises, in particular, a pump or vacuum pump 7 and an inert gas source 8, a vacuum line 10 and an inert gas line 11. Further, a portion of the mixing nozzle 9-type adapter 6 will be described in further detail below. The adapter 2 has an adapter cover 12 and a circumferential adapter wall 13 connected to the adapter cover 12. Preferably and in the exemplary embodiment, the underside 14 of the adapter 2 facing the container 1 is configured to open such that the adapter volume 3 in the mounted state of the adapter 2 directly abuts the container lid 4 Above the side. The adapter 2 further comprises a fixing element 15 for fixing the adapter 2 to the container lid 4. Furthermore, the adapter 2 is preferably equipped with a lifting device 16 connected to a small cover 17 in the container lid 4 of the container 1 in an exemplary embodiment. The small cover 17 can be lifted by the lifting device 16 and in this way, it is recommended and in the exemplary embodiment a connection between the interior 3 of the adapter and the interior 5 of the container via the open channel 18 provided in the container lid 4 . Conveniently, these two open channels 18 are provided in the container lid 4. However, only one open channel 18 is shown in the drawings. The small cover 17 can again be placed in position by the lifting device 16. A particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is described hereinafter: after the adapter 2 or the switching device 6 is connected, a tightness test of the system is carried out in a first program step. In this case, a partial region of the switching device 6 separated by the shut-off element or valve is preferably continuously evacuated and then the pressure rise in these partial regions is measured over a defined time interval. If the pressure rise in these partial regions is below a previously defined limit value, the partial region or switching device 6 can be classified as compact. Preferably, the transfer device 6 (especially from the internal volume 3 of the adapter) and the internal volume of the adapter are then removed by generating a negative pressure or a vacuum in the components by a pump or vacuum pump 7. 3 of the air of the pipeline 10, 11. Conveniently, this evacuation is carried out under the restriction that the oxygen content of the adapter device 6 is less than 1% by volume. The adapter 2 or the internal volume 3 of the adapter is then filled with an inert gas under positive pressure. Preferably and in the exemplary embodiment, nitrogen is introduced from the inert gas source 8 into the interior volume 3 of the adapter via an inert gas line 11. The positive pressure of the inert gas in the internal volume 3 of the adapter can end up being 7 bar. A connection between the interior volume 3 of the adapter and the interior 5 of the container is then made. For this purpose, the small cover 17 that has been closed so far is lifted by the lifting device 16 integrated in the adapter 2 (see comparative analysis of Figs. 2 and 3). For the procedural steps described herein, Figure 2 shows the small cover 17 that is still closed and Figure 3 shows the small cover 17 that has been opened. As a result of the connection between the internal volume 3 of the adapter and the interior 5 of the container, a mixing pressure is established based on the pressure difference between the pressure in the internal volume 3 of the adapter and the pressure in the interior 5 of the container. The recommended method is carried out under the constraints of establishing a mixing pressure of less than 7 bar. In the next procedure step, the mixing pressure in the interior 5 of the container and in the internal volume 3 of the adapter is released. To this end, the gas is withdrawn via vacuum line 10 and is preferably supplied to mixing nozzle 9 via a filter 19. With the aid of the mixing nozzle 9, a gas or gas mixture withdrawn from the interior 5 of the vessel is diluted using a diluent gas (recommended and using air as a diluent gas in the exemplary embodiment). Conveniently, the dilution is measured such that the combustible gas or combustible gas mixture withdrawn from the interior 5 of the vessel is significantly below the lower explosion limit. To this end, one of the air is introduced into the mixing nozzle 9 via a first inlet 21 of the mixing nozzle 9 and a gas or gas mixture drawn from the interior 5 of the container is introduced via the second inlet 22 . A relatively small volume flow. The resulting gas or gas mixture diluted with air is significantly below the low explosion limit. This diluted gas/gas mixture can be safely discharged to, for example, one of the power plant exhaust systems 23. A negative pressure is then generated in the interior 5 of the container by the pump 7 and in the internal volume 3 of the adapter, and the gas or gas mixture withdrawn during evacuation is considered as previously described and with the aid of the mixing nozzle 9 dilution. The removed gas or gas mixture is replaced by an inert gas, preferably and in the exemplary embodiment by nitrogen, which is in turn supplied from an inert gas source 8. The gas or gas mixture is carried out by the restriction of the inert gas in the vessel 1 having an oxygen content of less than 1% by volume. Conveniently, the interior 5 of the vessel filled with inert gas is adjusted to ambient pressure. Finally, the adapter 2 is again separated from the container 1. All subsequent work on the container can then be carried out without problems without restrictions and can be protected from explosion. The method according to the invention is characterized in that the waste containers 1 can safely release the advantages of pressure and inerting under both positive and negative pressures. Under the conditions of the process according to the invention, the filled and conditioned waste container 1 can be easily prepared for transport to a final storage site while ensuring that the container 1 has been in compliance with pressure and relative to the gas content. Claim.

1‧‧‧廢料容器
2‧‧‧轉接器
3‧‧‧轉接器內部體積
4‧‧‧容器蓋
5‧‧‧容器內部
6‧‧‧轉接裝置
7‧‧‧真空泵
8‧‧‧惰性氣體源
9‧‧‧混合噴嘴
10‧‧‧真空管線
11‧‧‧惰性氣體管線
12‧‧‧轉接器蓋
13‧‧‧圓周轉接器壁
14‧‧‧下側
15‧‧‧固定元件
16‧‧‧升降裝置
17‧‧‧小蓋
18‧‧‧開口通道
19‧‧‧過濾器
21‧‧‧第一入口
22‧‧‧第二入口
23‧‧‧排氣系統1‧‧‧Waste container
2‧‧‧Adapter
3‧‧‧Internal volume of the adapter
4‧‧‧ container lid
5‧‧‧ container interior
6‧‧‧Transfer device
7‧‧‧vacuum pump
8‧‧‧Inert gas source
9‧‧‧Mixed nozzle
10‧‧‧vacuum pipeline
11‧‧‧Inert gas pipeline
12‧‧‧Adapter cover
13‧‧‧Circular adapter wall
14‧‧‧ Lower side
15‧‧‧Fixed components
16‧‧‧ lifting device
17‧‧‧Small cover
18‧‧‧Open channel
19‧‧‧Filter
21‧‧‧ first entrance
22‧‧‧second entrance
23‧‧‧Exhaust system

後文中參考僅展示一項例示性實施例之圖示詳細地說明本發明。在示意圖中之圖示中： 圖1展示根據本發明之具有一廢料容器及連接至該廢料容器之一轉接裝置之一電路圖以繪示方法， 圖2展示自區段中之廢料容器之頂部的一放大視圖，及 圖3展示根據圖2之在一不同功能位置中之標的。The invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the drawings which illustrate only one exemplary embodiment. In the drawings in the schematic: Figure 1 shows a circuit diagram of a recirculation device having a waste container and attached to the waste container in accordance with the present invention, and Figure 2 shows the top of the waste container in the segment. An enlarged view of FIG. 3 and FIG. 3 shows the subject matter in a different functional position according to FIG. 2.

1‧‧‧廢料容器 1‧‧‧Waste container

2‧‧‧轉接器 2‧‧‧Adapter

3‧‧‧轉接器內部體積 3‧‧‧Internal volume of the adapter

4‧‧‧容器蓋 4‧‧‧ container lid

5‧‧‧容器內部 5‧‧‧ container interior

6‧‧‧轉接裝置 6‧‧‧Transfer device

7‧‧‧真空泵 7‧‧‧vacuum pump

8‧‧‧惰性氣體源 8‧‧‧Inert gas source

9‧‧‧混合噴嘴 9‧‧‧Mixed nozzle

10‧‧‧真空管線 10‧‧‧vacuum pipeline

11‧‧‧惰性氣體管線 11‧‧‧Inert gas pipeline

12‧‧‧轉接器蓋 12‧‧‧Adapter cover

13‧‧‧圓周轉接器壁 13‧‧‧Circular adapter wall

14‧‧‧下側 14‧‧‧ Lower side

15‧‧‧固定元件 15‧‧‧Fixed components

17‧‧‧小蓋 17‧‧‧Small cover

18‧‧‧開口通道 18‧‧‧Open channel

19‧‧‧過濾器 19‧‧‧Filter

21‧‧‧第一入口 21‧‧‧ first entrance

22‧‧‧第二入口 22‧‧‧second entrance

23‧‧‧排氣系統 23‧‧‧Exhaust system

Claims (15)

一種用於放射性廢料的廢料容器(1)之壓力釋放及惰化之方法，其特定言之係用於低階及中度活性放射性廢料，其中具有一轉接器內部體積(3)之一轉接器(2)連接至該容器(1)，特定言之連接至容器(1)之容器蓋(4)；其中該轉接器(2)或該轉接器內部體積(3)在正壓下填充有一惰性氣體；其中接著在該容器內部(5)與該轉接器內部體積(3)之間形成一連接，使得根據在該容器內部(5)中之該壓力與在轉接器內部體積(3)中之該正壓力之間之壓力差，在該轉接器內部體積(3)中及在該容器內部(5)中建立一混合壓力，其中在該容器內部(5)中及在該轉接器內部體積(3)中之該混合壓力接著經釋放，尤其釋放至環境壓力；且其中接著在該容器內部(5)中產生一負壓力且自該容器內部(5)移除之氣體或氣體混合物係由至少一個惰性氣體取代。A method for pressure release and inerting of a waste container (1) for radioactive waste, in particular for low- and medium-active radioactive waste, wherein one of the internal volume of the adapter (3) is turned The connector (2) is connected to the container (1), in particular to the container lid (4) of the container (1); wherein the adapter (2) or the internal volume (3) of the adapter is at a positive pressure Underfill is filled with an inert gas; wherein a connection is then formed between the interior of the container (5) and the internal volume (3) of the adapter such that the pressure is within the interior of the adapter according to the interior of the container (5) a pressure difference between the positive pressures in the volume (3), establishing a mixing pressure in the internal volume (3) of the adapter and in the interior (5) of the container, wherein in the interior of the container (5) The mixing pressure in the internal volume (3) of the adapter is then released, in particular to ambient pressure; and wherein a negative pressure is then generated in the interior (5) of the container and removed from the interior (5) of the container The gas or gas mixture is replaced by at least one inert gas. 如請求項1之方法，其中尤其在正壓力下使用惰性氣體填充該轉接器內部體積(3)之前，實施對該轉接裝置(6)之緊密度之測試；其中較佳地，該轉接裝置(6)之部分區域，適當地，藉由關斷元件分離之該轉接裝置(6)之部分區域被抽空且接著量測，尤其在一界定時間間隔內量測在此等部分區域中之該壓力上升。The method of claim 1, wherein the testing of the tightness of the adapter (6) is performed prior to filling the interior volume (3) of the adapter, particularly under positive pressure, with an inert gas; wherein preferably, the rotation a partial region of the device (6), suitably a portion of the switching device (6) separated by the shut-off element is evacuated and then measured, in particular in a defined time interval The pressure in the rise. 如請求項1或2之方法，其中尤其在正壓力下使用惰性氣體填充該轉接器內部體積(3)之前，自具有該轉接器內部體積(3)及連接至該轉接器內部體積(3)之管線及/或組件的該轉接裝置(6)而移除或排出空氣或氧氣；其中較佳地，在該轉接裝置(6)中產生一負壓力且接著使用惰性氣體填充該轉接裝置(6)。The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the internal volume (3) of the adapter is self-contained and connected to the internal volume of the adapter, particularly before filling the internal volume (3) of the adapter with an inert gas under a positive pressure (3) the switching device (6) of the line and/or assembly removes or vents air or oxygen; wherein preferably a negative pressure is generated in the switching device (6) and then filled with an inert gas The switching device (6). 如請求項1或2之方法，其中在正壓力下發生使用該惰性氣體填充該轉接器內部體積(3)，限制條件為在該轉接器內部體積(3)中之該正壓力係1.5巴至10巴，較佳係2巴至7巴。The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the internal volume (3) of the adapter is filled with the inert gas under positive pressure, the constraint being that the positive pressure system is 1.5 in the internal volume (3) of the adapter. Bar to 10 bar, preferably 2 to 7 bar. 如請求項1或2之方法，其中在連接容器內部(5)與轉接器內部體積(3)之後建立之該混合壓力低於在填充有該惰性氣體之該轉接器內部體積(3)中該先前存在的正壓力；且其中混合壓力較佳係小於10巴、更較佳係小於7巴且極佳係小於5巴。The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the mixing pressure established after connecting the inside of the container (5) with the internal volume (3) of the adapter is lower than the internal volume of the adapter filled with the inert gas (3) The pre-existing positive pressure; and wherein the mixing pressure is preferably less than 10 bar, more preferably less than 7 bar and most preferably less than 5 bar. 如請求項1或2之方法，其中針對該所建立混合壓力大於在該轉接器內部體積(3)中之該先前存在的正壓力及/或大於一上限值之情況，開始一減壓且較佳地係藉由一旁路裝置開始。The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the decompression is started for the case where the established mixing pressure is greater than the pre-existing positive pressure in the internal volume (3) of the adapter and/or greater than an upper limit value And preferably by a bypass device. 如請求項1或2之方法，其中首先使用一稀釋氣體，較佳地係使用空氣做為稀釋氣體稀釋自該容器內部(5)移除之該氣體或氣體混合物且接著經呈稀釋形式移除，尤其係排放至周圍環境或至大氣。The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein a diluent gas is first used, preferably using air as a diluent gas to dilute the gas or gas mixture removed from the interior (5) of the vessel and then removed in a diluted form. In particular, it is discharged to the surrounding environment or to the atmosphere. 如請求項1或2之方法，其中在該容器內部(5)中之該剩餘氧含量小於1 %體積、較佳係小於0.8 %體積且極佳係小於0.5 %體積之限制條件下實施藉由惰性氣體取代在該容器內部(5)中之該氣體或該氣體混合物。The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the residual oxygen content in the interior (5) of the vessel is less than 1% by volume, preferably less than 0.8% by volume, and preferably less than 0.5% by volume. The inert gas replaces the gas or the gas mixture in the interior (5) of the vessel. 如請求項1或2之方法，其中填充有惰性氣體之該容器內部(5)調整至環境壓力。The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the inside of the container (5) filled with an inert gas is adjusted to ambient pressure. 一種用於放射性廢料的廢料容器之壓力釋放及惰化之轉接裝置，其特定言之係用於低階及中度活性放射性廢料且特定言之係用於執行請求項1至9之任一項之一方法，其中提供具有轉接器內部體積(3)之一轉接器(2)用於接收一氣體體積；其中該轉接器(2)或該轉接器內部體積(3)連接至至少一個泵(7)用於抽出氣體或用於製造一負壓力；及其中該轉接器(2)或該轉接器內部體積(3)進一步連接至至少一個惰性氣體源(8)用於使用惰性氣體填充該轉接器內部體積(3)及/或該容器內部(5)。A pressure release and inerting transfer device for a waste container for radioactive waste, in particular for low- and medium-active radioactive waste and, in particular, for performing any of claims 1 to 9 One of the methods, wherein one of the adapters (2) having an internal volume (3) of the adapter is provided for receiving a gas volume; wherein the adapter (2) or the internal volume (3) of the adapter is connected To at least one pump (7) for withdrawing gas or for producing a negative pressure; and wherein the adapter (2) or the adapter internal volume (3) is further connected to at least one inert gas source (8) The adapter internal volume (3) and/or the interior of the container (5) are filled with an inert gas. 如請求項10之轉接裝置，其中該轉接器(2)經調適用於一直接配置或固定在該容器(1)之該容器蓋(4)或該容器蓋配置處或上。The adapter of claim 10, wherein the adapter (2) is adapted for direct configuration or attachment to the container lid (4) of the container (1) or to the container lid configuration or above. 如請求項10或11之轉接裝置，其中提供至少一個混合裝置(較佳地，呈至少一個混合噴嘴(9)形式)用於使用一稀釋氣體，較佳地，使用空氣稀釋或用於混合自該容器內部(5)抽出之該氣體或氣體混合物。An adapter device according to claim 10 or 11, wherein at least one mixing device (preferably in the form of at least one mixing nozzle (9)) is provided for use with a diluent gas, preferably diluted with air or for mixing The gas or gas mixture withdrawn from the interior (5) of the vessel. 一種轉接器，特定言之，其係用於實施如請求項1至9之任一項之方法及/或用於如請求項10至12之任一項之轉接裝置，其中該轉接器(2)具有一轉接器蓋(12)及鄰接該轉接器蓋(12)之一圓周轉接器壁(13)；其中該轉接器蓋(12)及該轉接器壁(13)圍封或定界該轉接器內部體積(3)；且其中該轉接器(2)較佳地具有用於將該轉接器(2)固定至一容器蓋(4)之至少一個固定元件(15)。An adapter, in particular, for implementing the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 and/or for the switching device of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the transfer The device (2) has an adapter cover (12) and a circumferential adapter wall (13) adjacent to the adapter cover (12); wherein the adapter cover (12) and the adapter wall ( 13) enclosing or delimiting the inner volume (3) of the adapter; and wherein the adapter (2) preferably has at least one of the adapter (2) for securing the adapter (2) to a container lid (4) A fixed component (15). 如請求項13之轉接器，其中該轉接器(2)經組態為在其之下側(14)面向容器蓋(4) 打開或實質上打開，使得在該轉接器(2)固定在該容器蓋(4)上之狀態下，該轉接器內部體積(3)直接鄰接該容器蓋(4)。The adapter of claim 13, wherein the adapter (2) is configured to open or substantially open on the underside (14) facing the container lid (4) such that the adapter (2) The inner volume (3) of the adapter directly adjoins the container lid (4) in a state of being fixed to the container lid (4). 如請求項13或14之任一項之轉接器，其中該轉接器內部體積(3)對應於該容器內部(5)之該體積之4%至20%，較佳地5%至15%。The adapter of any one of claims 13 or 14, wherein the adapter internal volume (3) corresponds to 4% to 20%, preferably 5% to 15% of the volume of the interior (5) of the container. %.
TW105138963A 2015-11-27 2016-11-25 Method and device for pressure relief and inertization of waste containers for radioactive waste TW201729219A (en)

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