TW201722859A - Method of manufacturing nature high potassium-content organic fertilizer from organic wastewater - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing nature high potassium-content organic fertilizer from organic wastewater Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004523 agglutinating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000036983 biotransformation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 235000006085 Vigna mungo var mungo Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 240000005616 Vigna mungo var. mungo Species 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940116317 potato starch Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 210000003802 sputum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000024794 sputum Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940032147 starch Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum salt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本發明係關於一種有機廢水處理方法及其產物，尤指以有機廢水製造含鉀有機肥料之方法及含鉀有機肥料。The invention relates to an organic wastewater treatment method and a product thereof, in particular to a method for producing a potassium-containing organic fertilizer by using organic wastewater and a potassium-containing organic fertilizer.
有機廢水為食品加工業、造紙業等工業製程或是民生廢水中，經常會產生含有碳水化合物、蛋白質、油脂、木質素等有機物質的廢水，由於這些物質的分解過程需要消耗大量氧氣，若直接排放將威脅魚類和其他水生生物的生存，造成嚴重的環境污染。因此，如何妥善地處理這些有機廢水，且減少處理所需的化學藥劑，以降低對環境的污染，甚至進一步轉換為農業再利用之營養源，一直為產、官、學各界努力的目標。Organic wastewater is used in industrial processes such as food processing industry and paper industry, or in municipal wastewater. Wastewater containing organic substances such as carbohydrates, proteins, oils, and lignin is often produced. Because of the decomposition process, these materials need to consume a large amount of oxygen. Emissions will threaten the survival of fish and other aquatic organisms, causing serious environmental pollution. Therefore, how to properly handle these organic wastewaters, and reduce the chemicals required for treatment, to reduce environmental pollution, and even further into a nutrient source for agricultural reuse, has been the goal of production, government, and academic circles.
有機廢水經傳統廢水生物處理後會形成有機性污泥，依據環保署廢管處針對2011年到2014年有機性污泥統計資料顯示(請參閱表1及表2)，於2014年時，國內有機性污泥申報量超過36萬公噸，其中又以紙漿廠回收廢紙所產生的紙漿污泥為最多，且紙漿廠回收廢紙之紙漿污泥於處理過程中須添加許多化學藥劑〔包括鋁鹽或鐵鹽混凝劑、氫氧化鈉(NaOH)酸鹼調整劑與高分子凝集劑(Polymer)〕。Organic wastewater will form organic sludge after biological treatment with traditional wastewater. According to the statistics of organic sludge from 2011 to 2014 according to the waste disposal department of the Environmental Protection Agency (please refer to Table 1 and Table 2), in 2014, domestic The declared amount of organic sludge exceeds 360,000 metric tons, among which the pulp sludge generated by the pulp mill recycling waste paper is the most, and the pulp sludge of the pulp mill for recycling waste paper must add many chemicals (including aluminum salt) during the treatment. Or iron salt coagulant, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) acid-base regulator and polymer agglutinating agent (Polymer).
如表2之環保署廢管處統計資料所示，2011年到2014年紙漿污泥佔國內有機性污泥總量之48~80％，形成如此龐大的污泥產量的主因，來自台灣特殊的環境背景，在國土保育政策之限制下，森林資源禁止砍伐利用，造成國內原木漿來源均依賴進口，在原木漿取得不易及進口漿價成本較高的雙重影響下，導致台灣廢紙回收率達75％以上，纖維不斷重複回收過程中，無法再使用的纖維及製程中流失的化工填料衍生大量污泥，衍生的污泥含有大量有機成份及數量龐大，若缺乏適當處理方法將造成環境衛生問題及土地污染。As shown in the statistics of the Environmental Protection Department's Waste Management Office in Table 2, from 2011 to 2014, pulp sludge accounts for 48-80% of the total domestic organic sludge, which is the main cause of such huge sludge production. In the environmental background, under the restriction of the national soil conservation policy, forest resources are prohibited from being felled and utilized, resulting in the dependence of domestic raw wood pulp sources on imports, the difficulty in obtaining raw wood pulp and the high cost of imported pulp prices, resulting in the recovery rate of waste paper in Taiwan. More than 75%, the fiber is continuously recycled, the fiber that can no longer be used and the chemical filler lost in the process derivation of a large amount of sludge. The derivatized sludge contains a large amount of organic components and a large amount. If there is no proper treatment, it will cause environmental sanitation problems. And land pollution.
目前紙漿污泥國內外再利用方式包含：有機質肥料原料、保溫材料原料、防火建材原料、人工粒料原料、土壤改良、鍋爐燃料、水泥窯輔助燃料等，但皆無法有效根本解決有機污泥用於農業再利用，甚至於永續自然生態處理方式之問題。At present, the reuse of pulp sludge at home and abroad includes: organic fertilizer raw materials, thermal insulation materials, fireproof building materials, artificial pellet materials, soil improvement, boiler fuel, cement kiln auxiliary fuel, etc., but they cannot effectively solve the problem of organic sludge. Reuse in agriculture, and even the issue of sustainable natural ecological treatment.
表1 環保署廢管處針對有機性污泥統計資料彙整表
表2 環保署廢管處針對紙漿污泥統計資料彙整表
有機廢水的處理方式，常見的方法之一是透過混凝、膠凝，主要係先調整該有機廢水的酸鹼值，接著在有機廢水中投入混凝劑，以在廢水裡形成膠團，使膠團與廢水中的膠狀物質發生電中和，進而形成易於沉降的大顆粒而去除。One of the common methods for treating organic wastewater is to adjust the pH value of the organic wastewater by coagulation and gelation. Then, the coagulant is added to the organic wastewater to form a micelle in the wastewater. The micelles are electrically neutralized with the colloidal substances in the wastewater, and are then removed to form large particles that are easy to settle.
但上述有機廢水經處理過後，雖可大量減少污水的排放，但卻會殘留大量的有機性污泥，若以掩埋、焚化方式處理，將衍生土壤、水質和空氣污染問題。對此，目前有業者研發如中國專利編號CN102229461B「用蚯蚓處理造紙製漿污泥的方法及污泥與蚯蚓的分離方法」，包括如下步驟：先將造紙製漿污泥倒入污泥堆場，並將造紙製漿污泥堆成污泥處理床，接著在堆好的污泥處理床上投放蚯蚓，藉由蚯蚓吞食污泥消化後的蚓糞作為適合農作物生長的肥料。However, after the above organic wastewater is treated, although the discharge of sewage can be greatly reduced, a large amount of organic sludge remains, and if it is treated by burial or incineration, the problem of soil, water quality and air pollution will be derived. In this regard, there are currently manufacturers developing such as Chinese Patent No. CN102229461B "Method for treating paper pulping sludge with strontium and separation method of sludge and strontium", including the following steps: first pouring paper pulping sludge into sludge yard And the paper pulping sludge is piled up into a sludge treatment bed, and then the earthworms are placed on the piled sludge treatment bed, and the earthworms digested by the swallowing sludge are used as fertilizers suitable for crop growth.
惟上述前案仍有不足處有待改進，主要原因在於以一般有機廢水處理方式殘留的有機性污泥，仍含有不利於農作物生長的成份(例如有害的重金屬、化學藥劑等)，而無法有效提供後續作為堆肥、有機肥料、土壤改良劑、培養土等再利用之營養源，以致於有機肥料之再利用明顯受到限制，實用性仍有待改進克服。However, there are still deficiencies in the above-mentioned previous cases to be improved. The main reason is that organic sludge remaining in the form of general organic wastewater treatment still contains ingredients that are not conducive to the growth of crops (such as harmful heavy metals, chemicals, etc.) and cannot be effectively provided. As a nutrient source for reuse of compost, organic fertilizer, soil amendment, culture soil, etc., the reuse of organic fertilizer is obviously limited, and the practicality still needs to be improved.
爰此，為使有機廢水可製造更為適合作物生長的有機肥料，本發明人遂提出一種以有機廢水製造天然富含鉀有機肥料之方法，包含下列步驟：Accordingly, in order to enable organic wastewater to produce an organic fertilizer more suitable for crop growth, the inventors propose a method for producing a natural potassium-rich organic fertilizer from organic wastewater, comprising the following steps:
前處理步驟：將含鉀之一酸鹼值調整劑加入該有機廢水並加以攪拌，以將該有機廢水之酸鹼值調整至鹼性，再將成份包含澱粉之一天然凝集劑加入該有機廢水並加以攪拌，使該有機廢水進行一膠凝作用，再將該有機廢水藉由一壓濾器進行壓濾，而形成一有機污泥；生物轉化步驟：以該有機污泥餵食至少一蚯蚓，以將該至少一蚯蚓排出含鉀之一蚓糞作為該含鉀有機肥料。Pretreatment step: adding a potassium acidity and alkalinity adjusting agent to the organic wastewater and stirring to adjust the acidity and alkalinity of the organic wastewater to alkaline, and then adding the natural agglutinating agent containing the starch to the organic wastewater And stirring, the organic wastewater is subjected to a gelation, and the organic wastewater is subjected to pressure filtration by a filter press to form an organic sludge; and the biotransformation step: feeding the organic sludge with at least one mash The at least one cesium is discharged as one of the potassium-containing organic fertilizers.
進一步，該前處理步驟中，該有機廢水為一廢紙漿。Further, in the pretreatment step, the organic wastewater is a waste paper pulp.
進一步，該前處理步驟中，該酸鹼值調整劑包含一氫氧化鉀，以將該有機廢水之酸鹼值調整至8至10。Further, in the pretreatment step, the pH adjuster comprises potassium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the organic wastewater to 8 to 10.
進一步，該前處理步驟中，係以200rpm至400rpm的速度攪拌，持續至少10min，使該有機廢水之酸鹼值被調整至鹼性。Further, in the pretreatment step, the mixture is stirred at a speed of 200 rpm to 400 rpm for at least 10 minutes to adjust the pH of the organic wastewater to be alkaline.
進一步，該前處理步驟中，係以30rpm至200rpm的速度攪拌，持續至少10min，以進行該膠凝作用。Further, in the pretreatment step, the mixture is stirred at a speed of 30 rpm to 200 rpm for at least 10 minutes to carry out the gelation.
進一步，該前處理步驟中，該天然凝集劑的含量為20mg/L至100mg/L。Further, in the pretreatment step, the content of the natural aggregating agent is from 20 mg/L to 100 mg/L.
進一步，該前處理步驟中，該天然凝集劑係先與溫度為60℃~100℃的水混合再加入該有機廢水。Further, in the pretreatment step, the natural aggregating agent is first mixed with water having a temperature of 60 ° C to 100 ° C and then added to the organic wastewater.
進一步，該澱粉係為下列之一或多者：米澱粉、木薯澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉、玉米澱粉、小麥澱粉、陽離子澱粉。Further, the starch is one or more of the following: rice starch, tapioca starch, potato starch, corn starch, wheat starch, cationic starch.
進一步，於該生物轉化步驟中，該有機污泥係混合一遠紅外線材或裝入含有該遠紅外線材的一容器。Further, in the bioconversion step, the organic sludge is mixed with a far infrared material or loaded into a container containing the far infrared material.
進一步，於該生物轉化步驟中，該有機污泥的含水率60％至85％，該有機污泥係先混合一重量百分比2%至10%之間的遠紅外線材、及一重量百分比0%至20%之間的土壤，再餵食前述蚯蚓。Further, in the biotransformation step, the organic sludge has a water content of 60% to 85%, and the organic sludge is first mixed with a weight percentage of 2% to 10% of the far infrared material, and a weight percentage of 0%. To the soil between 20%, feed the aforementioned cockroaches.
本發明亦為一種含鉀有機肥料，係以下列步驟製成：前處理步驟：將含鉀之一酸鹼值調整劑加入該有機廢水並加以攪拌，以將該有機廢水之酸鹼值調整至鹼性，再將成份包含澱粉之一天然凝集劑加入該有機廢水並加以攪拌，使該有機廢水進行一膠凝作用，再將該有機廢水藉由一壓濾器進行壓濾，而形成一有機污泥；生物轉化步驟：以該有機污泥餵食至少一蚯蚓，以將該至少一蚯蚓排出含鉀之一蚓糞作為該含鉀有機肥料。The invention also relates to a potassium-containing organic fertilizer, which is prepared by the following steps: a pre-treatment step: adding a potassium-containing acid-base adjusting agent to the organic wastewater and stirring to adjust the pH value of the organic wastewater to Alkaline, then adding a natural agglutinating agent containing a starch to the organic wastewater and stirring, so that the organic wastewater is gelled, and then the organic wastewater is pressure-filtered by a pressure filter to form an organic sewage. Mud; biotransformation step: feeding at least one mash with the organic sludge to discharge the at least one mash containing one of potassium as the potassium-containing organic fertilizer.
根據上述技術特徵可達成以下功效：According to the above technical features, the following effects can be achieved:
1.於有機廢水處理過程中選擇添加不含鋁鹽與鐵鹽的混凝劑，即可使後續的有機肥料無任何金屬成分，更為適合農作物生長以及減少經由生物鏈累積金屬含量之疑慮。1. In the process of organic wastewater treatment, the coagulant containing no aluminum salt and iron salt can be added to make the subsequent organic fertilizer without any metal component, which is more suitable for crop growth and reducing the accumulation of metal content through the bio-chain.
2.於有機廢水直接添加氫氧化鉀與天然凝集劑，不僅處理流程比一般添加氫氧化鈉(NaOH)更快速、減少化學混凝劑與黏結劑使用、降低成本與縮短時間，且富含農業再利用所需營養源之鉀成分，達成生態循環供應鏈與永續生物處理流程。2. Direct addition of potassium hydroxide and natural aggregating agent to organic wastewater, not only the treatment process is faster than the addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), reducing the use of chemical coagulants and binders, reducing costs and shortening time, and is rich in agriculture. Reuse the potassium component of the required nutrient source to achieve an ecological cycle supply chain and sustainable biological treatment process.
3.由於直接於有機廢水處理的過程一併進行藥劑成份的調整與取代，因此可有機肥料的生產成本(降低成本)，而餵食有機污泥後的蚯蚓及蚓糞亦可用於販售而增加商業利益(創造價值)。3. Since the composition of the organic fertilizer is directly adjusted and replaced by the process of organic wastewater treatment, the production cost of the organic fertilizer can be reduced (cost reduction), and the sputum and sputum excrement after the organic sludge is fed can also be used for sale. Business interests (creating value).
4.有機污泥可混合遠紅外線材或裝入含遠紅外材之容器，以利用遠紅外線促進蚯蚓生長繁殖。4. The organic sludge can be mixed with far-infrared materials or filled into containers containing far-infrared materials to promote the growth and reproduction of cockroaches by using far-infrared rays.
綜合上述技術特徵，本發明以有機廢水製造天然富含鉀有機肥料之方法及其有機肥料的主要功效將可於下述實施例清楚呈現。In combination with the above technical features, the method for producing a natural potassium-rich organic fertilizer from organic wastewater and the main effects of the organic fertilizer thereof will be clearly shown in the following examples.
以下請參閱第一圖搭配第二圖，係揭示本發明實施例以有機廢水製造天然富含鉀有機肥料之方法，包含下列步驟：Hereinafter, referring to the first figure and the second figure, a method for manufacturing a natural potassium-rich organic fertilizer by using organic wastewater in the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
前處理步驟(S01)：不添加傳統有機廢水的處理方式所使用的混凝劑，直接將一酸鹼值調整劑(1)(例如為氫氧化鉀)加入該有機廢水(A)，並加以200rpm至400rpm的速度攪拌持續至少10min，以將該有機廢水(A)之酸鹼值調整為8至10鹼性範圍，該有機廢水(A)於本實施例為一廢紙漿，但並不以此為限，亦可以是酒精蒸餾廢液、酵母廠廢水、豆製品廠廢水等。Pretreatment step (S01): directly adding a pH adjuster (1) (for example, potassium hydroxide) to the organic wastewater (A) without adding a coagulant used in the treatment of the conventional organic wastewater, and adding Stirring at a speed of 200 rpm to 400 rpm for at least 10 minutes to adjust the pH value of the organic wastewater (A) to a range of 8 to 10 alkaline. The organic wastewater (A) is a waste pulp in this embodiment, but not This is limited to alcohol distillation waste, yeast wastewater, and soy plant wastewater.
再將一天然凝集劑(2)加入該有機廢水(A)並以30rpm至200rpm的速度慢速攪拌持續至少10min，使前述有機廢水(A)進行一膠凝作用。該天然凝集劑(3)之含量於本實施例為1g/L至15g/L，而該天然凝集劑(3)成份詳細而言係包含澱粉，該澱粉例如係取自米澱粉、木薯澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉、玉米澱粉(starch)、小麥澱粉、改質後陽離子澱粉。其中該米澱粉例如從廢熟食材(廚餘，kitchen waste)經初步篩選的米飯、粥、漿糊之任一或組合。其中，該天然凝集劑係先與溫度為60℃~100℃的水混合再加入該有機廢水。Further, a natural aggregating agent (2) is added to the organic wastewater (A) and slowly stirred at a rate of 30 rpm to 200 rpm for at least 10 minutes to effect gelation of the aforementioned organic wastewater (A). The content of the natural aggregating agent (3) is from 1 g/L to 15 g/L in the present embodiment, and the natural aggregating agent (3) component comprises, in detail, starch, which is obtained, for example, from rice starch, tapioca starch, Potato starch, corn starch, wheat starch, modified cationic starch. The rice starch is, for example, any one or combination of rice, porridge and paste which are initially screened from waste cooking materials. Wherein, the natural aggregating agent is first mixed with water having a temperature of 60 ° C to 100 ° C and then added to the organic wastewater.
再將該有機廢水(A)藉由一壓濾器(3)進行壓濾，而形成一有機污泥(A1)，該有機污泥(A1)的含水率為60％至85％。The organic wastewater (A) is then subjected to pressure filtration by a filter press (3) to form an organic sludge (A1) having a water content of 60% to 85%.
生物轉化步驟(S02)：以該有機污泥(A1)，混合遠紅外線材(重量百分比2%至10%)或裝入含遠紅外線材之陶土容器，並與土壤摻配(重量百分比0%至20%)後餵食複數蚯蚓(4)，以將該複數蚯蚓(4)之蚓糞作為該有機肥料。藉由上述流程，不僅讓有機廢水的處理流程快速，也進一步減少化學混凝劑與黏結劑使用、降低處理成本與縮短處理時間，且讓有機肥料富含農業再利用所需營養源之鉀成分，以供後續作為堆肥、有機肥料、土壤改良劑、培養土等使用。此外可藉由遠紅外線材之遠紅外線促進蚯蚓生長繁殖，而餵食後的蚯蚓亦可做為魚餌等利用，達成永續的生態循環供應鏈。Bio-conversion step (S02): mixing the far-infrared material (2% to 10% by weight) or the clay container containing far-infrared material with the organic sludge (A1), and blending with the soil (0% by weight) After 20%), a plurality of mashes (4) are fed to use the mash of the 蚯蚓(4) as the organic fertilizer. Through the above process, not only the treatment process of organic wastewater is fast, but also the use of chemical coagulant and binder is further reduced, the treatment cost is reduced and the treatment time is shortened, and the organic fertilizer is rich in the potassium component of the nutrient source required for agricultural reuse. For subsequent use as compost, organic fertilizer, soil improver, culture soil, etc. In addition, the far-infrared rays of the far-infrared material can promote the growth and reproduction of the cockroaches, and the cockroaches after feeding can also be used as bait and the like to achieve a sustainable ecological cycle supply chain.
由於本實施例中係於紙漿廢水處理過程中選擇不添加混凝劑，直接以氫氧化鉀作為混凝與酸鹼調整劑，由於氫氧化鉀分子量為56，大於一般氫氧化鈉40，因此沉降快速，效果明顯。一方面不僅快混時間大幅縮短、處理成本降低，降低有機肥料的生產成本，以提高有機肥料的實用價值，另一方面可有效提供農作物豐富的鉀營養源，而更適合用於農業後續再使用。In this embodiment, in the process of pulp wastewater treatment, no coagulant is selected, and potassium hydroxide is directly used as a coagulation and acid-base conditioner. Since the molecular weight of potassium hydroxide is 56, which is larger than the general sodium hydroxide 40, the sedimentation is performed. Fast and effective. On the one hand, not only the rapid mixing time is shortened, the processing cost is reduced, the production cost of organic fertilizer is reduced, the practical value of organic fertilizer is improved, and the potassium nutrient source rich in crops is effectively provided, which is more suitable for subsequent use in agriculture. .
以下，進行原始紙漿廢水與原始紙漿污泥取樣分析金屬項目，證明經本實施例有機廢水製造有機肥料之方法的功效。Hereinafter, the original pulp wastewater and the original pulp sludge sampling and analysis metal project are carried out to demonstrate the efficacy of the method for producing organic fertilizer by the organic wastewater of the present embodiment.
實驗1為一般紙漿廢水處理方式，作為對照組並進行實驗2直接添加氫氧化鉀，調整紙漿廢水pH達到9.2與天然凝集劑玉米澱粉(starch)以及實驗3直接添加氫氧化鉀，調整紙漿廢水pH達到10.0與天然凝集劑之太白粉(cornstarch)，其中，該太白粉係先與溫度為60℃~100℃的水混合再加入該有機廢水。取代原有廢水處理添加的化學藥劑，包含多元氯化鋁(PAC) 與高分子凝集劑(polymer)，3項實驗與分析結果彙整如表3所示。Experiment 1 is a general pulp wastewater treatment method. As a control group and experiment 2, directly add potassium hydroxide, adjust the pH of the pulp wastewater to 9.2 with the natural agglutinant corn starch (starch) and experiment 3 directly add potassium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the pulp wastewater. The cornstarch of 10.0 and the natural aggregating agent is obtained, wherein the white powder is first mixed with water having a temperature of 60 ° C to 100 ° C and then added to the organic wastewater. The chemical agent added to replace the original wastewater treatment, including polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polymer agglutinating agent (polymer), the results of the three experiments and analysis are shown in Table 3.
上述實驗證明，對照實驗1，其實驗2與實驗3其有機污泥之含鉀量大幅增加，是由添加氫氧化鉀所導致，且隨pH增加，所添加的氫氧化鉀相對增加，有機污泥中之含鉀量相對增加。快混沉降時間由實驗1(對照組)的整體26分鐘，大幅下降至實驗2的14分鐘，與實驗3的12分鐘，實驗證明實驗2與實驗3不添加PAC藥劑，不僅快混時間大幅減少，沉降速度更快，且隨著pH值增加而增快，由實驗2的14分鐘再縮短至實驗3的12分鐘，並提供土壤所需之鉀營養源。The above experiment proves that in Control Experiment 1, the potassium content of the organic sludge in Experiment 2 and Experiment 3 is greatly increased, which is caused by the addition of potassium hydroxide, and the relative increase of potassium hydroxide added with the increase of pH, organic pollution The amount of potassium in the mud is relatively increased. The fast mixing settling time was greatly reduced from the whole 26 minutes of experiment 1 (control group) to 14 minutes of experiment 2, and 12 minutes of experiment 3, the experiment proved that experiment 2 and experiment 3 did not add PAC agent, not only the rapid mixing time was greatly reduced. The sedimentation rate was faster and increased with increasing pH, from 14 minutes in Experiment 2 to 12 minutes in Experiment 3, and provided the potassium nutrient source required for the soil.
表3 各種紙漿廢水處理條件之重金屬、過濾液pH與沉降時間分析彙整表
綜合上述實施例之說明，當可充分瞭解本發明之操作、使用及本發明產生之功效，惟以上所述實施例僅係為本發明之較佳實施例，當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍，即依本發明申請專利範圍及發明說明內容所作簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆屬本發明涵蓋之範圍內。In view of the foregoing description of the embodiments, the operation and the use of the present invention and the effects of the present invention are fully understood, but the above described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the invention may not be limited thereto. Included within the scope of the present invention are the scope of the present invention.
(1)‧‧‧酸鹼值調整劑
(3)‧‧‧天然凝集劑
(4)‧‧‧壓濾器
(5)‧‧‧蚯蚓
(S01)‧‧‧前處理步驟
(S02)‧‧‧生物轉化步驟
(A)‧‧‧有機廢水
(A1)‧‧‧有機污泥(1) ‧ ‧ pH adjuster
(3)‧‧‧ natural agglutinating agents
(4) ‧‧‧Pressure filter
(5) ‧‧‧蚯蚓
(S01) ‧ ‧ pre-processing steps
(S02) ‧‧‧Biotransformation steps
(A) ‧ ‧ organic wastewater
(A1)‧‧‧Organic sludge
[第一圖]係本發明實施例之步驟流程方塊圖。[First figure] is a block diagram of the steps of the embodiment of the present invention.
[第二圖]係本發明實施例之製造流程示意圖。[Second diagram] is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing process of an embodiment of the present invention.
(S01)‧‧‧前處理步驟 (S01) ‧ ‧ pre-processing steps
(S02)‧‧‧生物轉化步驟 (S02) ‧‧‧Biotransformation steps
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