TW201703649A - Method for producing seasoning using fish scales providing fresh taste, nutrition, healthcare and natural features, and capable of being used as calcium supplements - Google Patents

Method for producing seasoning using fish scales providing fresh taste, nutrition, healthcare and natural features, and capable of being used as calcium supplements Download PDF

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TW201703649A
TW201703649A TW104123567A TW104123567A TW201703649A TW 201703649 A TW201703649 A TW 201703649A TW 104123567 A TW104123567 A TW 104123567A TW 104123567 A TW104123567 A TW 104123567A TW 201703649 A TW201703649 A TW 201703649A
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acid
seasoning
fish
scales
fish scale
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TWI623269B (en
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韓建國
陳璟昕
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亞洲大學
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for producing seasoning using fish scales, which employs the fish scales after drying and utilizes one of citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, or alkaline protease or pepsin enzyme for hydrolysis; next, performing the steps of acid-base neutralization, filtering and heating to obtain the functional fish scale seasoning having fresh taste.

Description

以魚鱗製作調味料方法 Method for making seasonings with fish scales

本發明係與製作食品調味料之方法有關,尤指一種以魚鱗製作調味料方法。 The present invention relates to a method of making a food seasoning, and more particularly to a method of making a seasoning with fish scales.

按,人們對調味料的要求越來越高,不僅要求色、香、味俱全,還期望調味料可兼具有營養、保健、天然和多樣化等功能,使得食品調味料由過去以風味為主的釀造調味料或化學調味料轉向功能性調味料和天然調味料,然而目前純天然之調味料或額外添加營養素之功能性調味料,卻存在有原料成本高昂且製程繁雜之問題。 According to the people, the requirements for seasonings are getting higher and higher, not only the color, fragrance and taste are required. It is also expected that the seasonings can have the functions of nutrition, health care, naturalness and diversification, so that the food seasonings are flavored by the past. The main brewing seasoning or chemical seasoning turns to functional seasonings and natural seasonings. However, the current natural seasonings or functional seasonings with additional nutrients have the problems of high raw material cost and complicated process.

而由於台灣水產資源豐富,每年消費大量的水產品,在水產加工過程中會產生大量廢棄物-魚鱗,目前大都未妥善處理利用,而是將其粉碎當作肥料甚至丟棄,不但浪費資源也會造成環境汙染。然而魚鱗中富含有大量的膠原蛋白及氫氧磷灰石,亦可作為食品加工的廉價原料,因此近年來已廣被人們利用。惟,現階段有關魚鱗之應用,主要還是偏重在魚鱗中膠原蛋白之萃取技術,如我國發明第201041522、200613565及I362393號專利案皆為如何從魚鱗中萃取出膠原蛋白之技術,導致魚鱗之用途上尚無法普及至一般生活。 Because Taiwan is rich in aquatic resources, it consumes a large amount of aquatic products every year. In the process of aquatic product processing, a large amount of waste-fish scales will be produced. At present, most of them are not properly treated and used, but they are crushed as fertilizer or even discarded, not only wasting resources. Cause environmental pollution. However, fish scales are rich in collagen and hydroxyapatite, and can also be used as an inexpensive raw material for food processing. However, at this stage, the application of fish scales is mainly focused on the extraction technology of collagen in fish scales. For example, the patents of China's inventions 201041522, 200613565 and I362393 are all techniques for extracting collagen from fish scales, resulting in the use of scales. It is still not possible to spread to the general life.

有鑑於此,故如何利用魚鱗製作成天然調味料,即為 本發明所欲解決之首要課題,因此,本案發明人在經過不斷的苦思與試作後,才終於有本發明之產生。 In view of this, how to use fish scales to make natural seasonings is The primary problem to be solved by the present invention is therefore that the inventor of the present invention finally has the invention after continuous arduous thinking and trial work.

本發明之主要目的,在於提供一種以魚鱗製作調味料方法,其係具有成本低廉、製作容易之優點,並藉由魚鱗本身所富含之膠原蛋白及氫氧磷灰石,使其所製成之調味料可具有甘醇、營養、保健、天然之特性,且亦可充當不錯的鈣質補充劑以幫助礦物質吸收,進而減少食用者骨質疏鬆症的發生率。 The main object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing seasonings by using fish scales, which has the advantages of low cost and easy manufacture, and is made by collagen and hydroxyapatite which are rich in fish scales. The seasonings can have the characteristics of glycol, nutrients, health care, and natural properties, and can also act as a good calcium supplement to help minerals absorb, thereby reducing the incidence of osteoporosis in consumers.

為達前述目的,本發明提供一種利用不同酸製作魚鱗調味料之方法,其包含有以下步驟:a.以約100℃的水加熱魚鱗後,再將魚鱗乾燥至含水量5~10%;b.以濃度1~18%之檸檬酸、草酸、醋酸、硫酸或鹽酸其中之一,對乾燥後之魚鱗進行水解,其水解時間為1~9小時,並加熱保持在100℃;c.以氫氧化鉀或氫氧化鈉對完成水解之魚鱗酸鹼中和至PH值4.5~5,使未水解之蛋白質沉澱;d.過濾去除其固形物,並加熱至沸點至少10分鐘,即可獲得本發明之魚鱗調味料。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for making a fish scale seasoning using different acids, comprising the steps of: a. heating the fish scale with water at about 100 ° C, and then drying the fish scale to a water content of 5 to 10%; The dried fish scale is hydrolyzed with one of citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid at a concentration of 1 to 18%, and the hydrolysis time is 1 to 9 hours, and the temperature is maintained at 100 ° C; c. Potassium oxide or sodium hydroxide is neutralized to the pH of 4.5 to 5 by the hydrolyzed fish squama, and the unhydrolyzed protein is precipitated; d. The solid matter is removed by filtration and heated to a boiling point of at least 10 minutes to obtain the present invention. Fish scales.

本發明另提供一種利用酵素製作魚鱗調味料之方法,其包含有以下步驟:(1)以約100℃的水加熱魚鱗後,再將魚鱗乾燥至含水量5~10%; (2)將乾燥後之魚鱗以沸水煮沸約10分鐘,並調整至最適PH值及溫度,接著加入濃度1%之鹼性蛋白酶或胃蛋白酶酵素進行水解,其水解時間為1~9小時;(3)將完成水解之魚鱗加熱至沸點至少10分鐘,使其酵素之活性喪失,接著酸鹼中和至PH值4.5~5,使未水解之蛋白質沉澱;(4)過濾去除其固形物,即可獲得本發明之魚鱗調味料。 The invention further provides a method for preparing a fish scale seasoning by using an enzyme, which comprises the following steps: (1) heating the fish scale with water of about 100 ° C, and then drying the fish scale to a water content of 5 to 10%; (2) boiling the dried fish scales in boiling water for about 10 minutes, and adjusting to the optimum pH and temperature, followed by hydrolysis with a concentration of 1% alkaline protease or pepsin enzyme, the hydrolysis time is 1 to 9 hours; 3) heating the fish scales that have been hydrolyzed to a boiling point for at least 10 minutes to lose the activity of the enzyme, followed by neutralization of the acid and base to a pH of 4.5 to 5 to precipitate the unhydrolyzed protein; (4) filtering to remove the solid matter, ie The fish scale seasoning of the present invention can be obtained.

而本發明之上述目的與優點,不難從下述所選用實施例之詳細說明與附圖中,獲得深入了解。 The above objects and advantages of the present invention will be readily understood from the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention.

第1圖係本發明第一實施例之製作流程圖。 Figure 1 is a flow chart showing the fabrication of the first embodiment of the present invention.

第2圖係本發明第二實施例之製作流程圖。 Figure 2 is a flow chart showing the fabrication of the second embodiment of the present invention.

第3圖係本發明第三實施例之製作流程圖。 Figure 3 is a flow chart showing the fabrication of the third embodiment of the present invention.

第4圖係本發明以18%不同酸水解虱目魚魚鱗水解液固形物含量之比對分析圖。 Figure 4 is a graph comparing the solid content of 18% different acid hydrolyzed milkfish fish scale hydrolysate.

第5圖係本發明以18%不同酸水解虱目魚魚鱗水解液灰分含量之比對分析圖。 Figure 5 is a graph showing the ratio of the ash content of 18% different acid-hydrogenated milkfish ichthyosis hydrolysate in the present invention.

第6圖係本發明以1%不同酸水解虱目魚魚鱗水解液固形物含量之比對分析圖。 Fig. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of the solid content of the hydrolyzed fish scales of 1% different acid hydrolysis in the present invention.

第7圖係本發明以1%不同酸水解虱目魚魚鱗水解液灰分含量之比對分析圖。 Figure 7 is a graph showing the ratio of the ash content of the hydrolyzed fish scales of 1% different acid hydrolysis in the present invention.

第8圖係本發明以不同酵素水解虱目魚魚鱗水解液固形物含量之比對分析圖。 Fig. 8 is a graph showing the ratio of the solid content of the hydrolyzed fish scales hydrolysate of the different enzymes in the present invention.

第9圖係本發明以不同酵素水解虱目魚魚鱗水解液灰分含量之比對分析圖。 Fig. 9 is a graph showing the ratio of the ash content of the hydrolyzed fish scales hydrolyzate of different enzymes in the present invention.

第10圖係本發明以18%不同酸水解虱目魚魚鱗水解液鈣離子結合力之比對分析圖。 Figure 10 is a graph comparing the calcium ion binding force of 18% different acid hydrolyzed milkfish fish scale hydrolysate.

第11圖係本發明虱目魚魚鱗酵素水解液鈣離子結合力之比對分析圖。 Fig. 11 is a graph showing the analysis of the calcium ion binding force of the fish carp fish scale hydrolysate of the present invention.

如第1圖所示,為本發明所提供之一種以魚鱗製作調味料方法的第一實施例,其主要包含有以下步驟: As shown in Fig. 1, a first embodiment of a method for making a seasoning with fish scales according to the present invention mainly comprises the following steps:

a.以約100℃的水加熱新鮮虱目魚魚鱗後,以去除魚鱗表層之微生物、細菌及皮膜,避免蛋白質腐敗而產生腥味,進而完成前處理之殺菁作業,接著再將虱目魚魚鱗至烘箱中以60℃乾燥至含水量5~10%。 a. After heating the fresh milkfish scales with water of about 100 ° C, the microorganisms, bacteria and membranes on the surface of the scales are removed to avoid protein spoilage and astringency, thereby completing the pretreatment treatment, and then the milkfish The fish scale is dried in an oven at 60 ° C to a moisture content of 5 to 10%.

b.分別以濃度18%之檸檬酸、草酸、醋酸、硫酸或鹽酸其中之一,對乾燥後之虱目魚魚鱗進行水解,其中,檸檬酸、草酸、醋酸、硫酸或鹽酸與乾燥虱目魚魚鱗的重量比為2:1,水解時間為3、6、9小時,並加熱保持在100℃。對虱目魚魚鱗進行水解,可使之蛋白質形成胜肽、胺基酸提高其營養價值,並降低PH值以抑制蛋白質腐敗。而一般蛋白質水解物於水解後,其胜肽鍵的兩端或支鏈有疏水性胺基酸的暴露,會導致其具有苦味特性,此外,不同的蛋白質跟其胺基酸的組成及含量不同,其蛋白質水解物 苦味強度將會有很大的差異,然而本發明所採用之魚鱗膠原蛋白因其胺基酸組成中含有大量的甘胺酸,故魚鱗水解物較其他蛋白質水解物甘甜、苦味較低,而相當適合用於作為調味料之原料,且亦含有豐富的蛋白質和鈣,因此亦是一種補充鈣質的理想來源。 b. hydrolyze the dried milkfish scales with one of citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid at a concentration of 18%, wherein citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid and dried milkfish The weight ratio of the fish scale was 2:1, the hydrolysis time was 3, 6, and 9 hours, and the heating was maintained at 100 °C. Hydrolysis of the milkfish scales allows the protein to form peptides, amino acids to increase their nutritional value, and lower the pH to inhibit protein spoilage. However, after the hydrolysis of the general protein hydrolysate, the hydrophobic amino acid is exposed at both ends or branches of the peptide bond, which results in a bitter taste characteristic. In addition, the composition and content of different proteins are different from those of the amino acid. Protein hydrolysate The bitterness intensity will vary greatly. However, the fish scale collagen used in the present invention contains a large amount of glycine acid in its amino acid composition, so the fish scale hydrolyzate is sweeter and bitter than other protein hydrolyzates, and is equivalent. It is suitable as a raw material for seasonings and is also rich in protein and calcium, so it is also an ideal source of calcium supplement.

c.以氫氧化鉀或氫氧化鈉對完成水解之虱目魚魚鱗進行酸鹼中和,並調至PH值4.5~5,使未水解之蛋白質沉澱,於本實施例中,係以1N KOH進行酸鹼中和。在酸鹼中和步驟中,若選擇使用氫氧化鉀(KOH)則其反應後將可析出氯化鉀(KCl),若選擇使用氫氧化鈉(NaOH)則其反應後將可析出氯化鈉(NaCl),藉此即可控制其析出的鹽類,以符合實際需求。 c. Acid-base neutralization of the hydrolyzed milkfish scales with potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, and adjusted to a pH of 4.5 to 5 to precipitate unhydrolyzed protein. In this example, 1N KOH is used. Perform acid-base neutralization. In the acid-base neutralization step, if potassium hydroxide (KOH) is selected, potassium chloride (KCl) may be precipitated after the reaction, and if sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is selected, sodium chloride may be precipitated after the reaction. (NaCl), whereby the precipitated salts can be controlled to meet actual needs.

d.過濾去除其固形物,並加熱至沸點至少10分鐘後,其所獲得之魚鱗蛋白質水解液因保有其獨特之鮮美味道,且富含胺基酸、胜肽類及適度鹽類,而可直接作為調味料使用,如附件一之照片所示,其成品可為調味液或調味粉型態。 d. After filtering and removing the solid matter, and heating to the boiling point for at least 10 minutes, the obtained fish scale protein hydrolyzate can be preserved with its unique taste and rich in amino acid, peptide and moderate salt. It is used directly as a seasoning. As shown in the photo in Annex 1, the finished product can be a seasoning liquid or a seasoning powder type.

再者,更可依據實際需求於完成上述所有步驟所製成之魚鱗調味料中添加特定風味之副原料(如柴魚調味料、扇貝調味料等)。 Furthermore, it is also possible to add a specific flavor of an auxiliary material (such as a hatfish seasoning, a scallop seasoning, etc.) to the fish scale seasoning prepared by performing all the above steps according to actual needs.

接著請搭配參閱第2圖,其係為本發明所提供以魚鱗 製作調味料方法之第二實施例,而其與上述第一實施例之差異係在於,在步驟b中係分別加入濃度1%之檸檬酸、草酸、醋酸、硫酸或鹽酸其中之一,其中,檸檬酸、草酸、醋酸、硫酸或鹽酸與乾燥虱目魚魚鱗的重量比為2:1,並以高壓滅菌釜加壓加熱保持在121℃及壓力1.21kg/cm2下1~3小時,以對乾燥後之虱目魚魚鱗進行水解。 Next, please refer to FIG. 2, which is a second embodiment of the method for preparing a seasoning for fish scales according to the present invention, and the difference from the first embodiment is that the concentration is 1% in step b. One of citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, wherein the weight ratio of citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to dried milkfish scales is 2:1, and is maintained by autoclaving under pressure The dried milkfish scales were hydrolyzed at 121 ° C and a pressure of 1.21 kg/cm 2 for 1 to 3 hours.

另如第3圖所示,為本發明所提供以魚鱗製作調味料方法之第三實施例,其主要係將本發明第一實施例或第二實施例中所獲得之魚鱗調味料作為一第一原料,並與一第二原料相互混合,即可獲得一混合魚鱗調味料,而該第二原料之製法係包含有以下步驟: As shown in FIG. 3, a third embodiment of the method for preparing a seasoning for fish scales according to the present invention is mainly for using the fish scale seasoning obtained in the first embodiment or the second embodiment of the present invention as a first A raw material is mixed with a second raw material to obtain a mixed fish scale seasoning, and the second raw material is prepared by the following steps:

(1)以約100℃的水加熱魚鱗後,再將魚鱗以60℃烘乾至含水量5~10%。 (1) After heating the fish scale with water of about 100 ° C, the fish scale is dried at 60 ° C to a water content of 5 to 10%.

(2)將乾燥後之魚鱗以沸水煮沸約10分鐘,並調整至最適PH值及溫度,接著加入濃度0.5~3%之鹼性蛋白酶(Alcalase)或胃蛋白酶(Pepsin)酵素進行水解,於本實施例中,係加入濃度1%之鹼性蛋白酶(Alcalase)或胃蛋白酶(Pepsin)酵素,而鹼性蛋白酶(Alcalase)或胃蛋白酶(Pepsin)與乾燥虱目魚魚鱗的重量比為2:1,水解時間為1~9小時。其中,鹼性蛋白酶(Alcalase)是由造育的地衣芽孢桿菌發酵而得,主要成分為枯草桿菌蛋白酶,是一種 內切酶,催化部位為絲氨酸,最佳活性條件為溫度50℃,pH8.0,因此在調整其最適PH值時,可加入氫氧化鉀或氫氧化鈉,以調整其PH值。其蛋白質水解率較papain高、產物苦味也較低,對於胜肽鍵有廣泛的專一性,特別是對未具電子的殘基有很好的水解活性。 (2) boil the dried fish scales in boiling water for about 10 minutes, adjust to the optimum pH and temperature, and then add 0.5-3% alkaline protease (Alcalase) or pepsin enzyme to hydrolyze. In the examples, a 1% alkaline protease (Alcalase) or pepsin enzyme was added, and the weight ratio of alkaline protease (Alcalase) or pepsin (Pepsin) to dried milkfish scales was 2:1. The hydrolysis time is 1 to 9 hours. Among them, alkaline protease (Alcalase) is obtained by fermentation of Bacillus licheniformis, and the main component is subtilisin, which is a kind Endonuclease, the catalytic site is serine, the optimal activity conditions are temperature 50 ° C, pH 8.0, so when adjusting the optimum pH value, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide can be added to adjust the pH value. Its protein hydrolysis rate is higher than that of papain, and the bitterness of the product is also low. It has wide specificity for peptide bonds, especially for residues without electrons.

胃蛋白酶(Pepsin)是一種消化性蛋白酶,由胃部中的胃粘膜主細胞所分泌,功能是將食物中的蛋白質分解為小的肽片段。胃蛋白酶在酸性環境中具有較高活性,其最適pH值約為3,在中性或鹼性pH值的溶液中,胃蛋白酶會發生解鏈而喪失活性,因此在調整其最適PH值時,可加入鹽酸或其他酸,以調整其PH值。其熱安定性佳,於60℃時仍然安定具有活性。其專一性廣泛,會優先裂解那些與其有苯環胺基酸鍵結的鍵,亦可水解麩胺酸及白胺酸等胺基酸。 Pepsin is a digestive protease secreted by the main cells of the gastric mucosa in the stomach. Its function is to break down proteins in food into small peptide fragments. Pepsin has high activity in an acidic environment, and its optimum pH is about 3. In a solution of neutral or alkaline pH, pepsin will melt and lose its activity, so when adjusting its optimum pH value, Hydrochloric acid or other acids can be added to adjust the pH. It has good thermal stability and is stable and stable at 60 °C. Its specificity is wide, it will preferentially cleave bonds with its phenyl cyclic amino acid bond, and also hydrolyze amino acids such as glutamic acid and leucine.

(3)將完成水解之魚鱗加熱至沸點至少10分鐘,使其酵素之活性喪失,接著以鹽酸(HCl)或氫氧化鉀(KOH)酸鹼中和至PH值4.5~5,使未水解之蛋白質沉澱。其中鹼性蛋白酶(Alcalase)係以鹽酸(HCl)進行酸鹼中和,若為胃蛋白酶(Pepsin)則是以氫氧化鉀(KOH)進行酸鹼中和。 (3) heating the fish scales that have been hydrolyzed to a boiling point for at least 10 minutes to lose the activity of the enzyme, and then neutralizing with hydrochloric acid (HCl) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) to a pH of 4.5 to 5 to make the unhydrolyzed Protein precipitation. Among them, alkaline protease (Alcalase) is acid-base neutralized with hydrochloric acid (HCl), and if it is pepsin, it is neutralized with potassium hydroxide (KOH).

d.過濾去除其固形物,即可獲得該第二原料。 d. The second raw material can be obtained by filtering to remove its solid matter.

而將該第一原料與一第二原料相互混合後所製得之混 合魚鱗調味料,同樣可具有獨特鮮美味道,且富含胺基酸、胜肽類及適度鹽類之特點。 And mixing the first raw material and the second raw material with each other The fish scales seasonings are also unique and delicious, and are rich in amino acids, peptides and moderate salts.

接著,係藉以下實驗例並搭配檢測結果,進一步說明本發明可達成之功效。 Next, the following experimental examples are combined with the test results to further illustrate the achievable effects of the present invention.

分析方法如下: The analysis method is as follows:

1.色澤分析-將樣品置入樣品且中,以色差儀(BYK-Gardner)測定樣品,L值=100表示全白為最亮,L值=0表示全黑;a值:正為紅,負為綠;b值:正為黃,負為藍。 1. Color Analysis - Place the sample into the sample and measure it with a color difference meter (BYK-Gardner). L value = 100 means that all white is the brightest, L value = 0 means all black; a value: positive red, negative Green; b value: positive yellow, negative blue.

2.總氮測定-取樣品1mL於分解管中加入30mL濃硫酸與催化劑(5g K2SO4)於400度加熱至液體呈透明無色,待樣品冷卻加入50mL蒸餾水、32%NaOH 120mL蒸餾6分鐘,加入4%硼酸40mL與兩滴指示劑(BCG加MR),使用0.2N硫酸標準溶液滴定至變色為止。樣品總氮含量之計算如下:樣品總氮含量(%)=(A-B)×N×14.01/(樣品(mL)x10) 2. Total nitrogen determination - take 1 mL of sample and add 30 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and catalyst (5g K 2 SO 4 ) to the liquid to be transparent and colorless at 400 °C. After the sample is cooled, add 50 mL of distilled water, 32% NaOH, 120 mL, and distill for 6 minutes. 40 mL of 4% boric acid and two drops of indicator (BCG plus MR) were titrated to a discoloration using a 0.2 N sulfuric acid standard solution. The total nitrogen content of the sample is calculated as follows: Total nitrogen content (%) of the sample = (AB) × N × 14.01 / (sample (mL) x 10)

A:滴定所用之硫酸量 A: The amount of sulfuric acid used for titration

B:空白組滴定所用之硫酸量 B: the amount of sulfuric acid used in the blank group titration

N:滴定所用硫酸之當量濃度 N: equivalent concentration of sulfuric acid used for titration

3.甲醛態氮之測定-取20mL樣品置於50mL之定量瓶中,加水定容,量取25mL置於燒杯中,以0.1N氫氧化納調至pH 8.5’然後加入20mL之甲醛溶液,以0.1N氮氧 化鈉滴定至pH 8.5為止。樣品甲醛態氮含量計算如下:樣品甲醛態氮含量(%)=0.0014×V×F×(50/W)×(100/20) 3. Determination of formaldehyde nitrogen - Take 20mL sample in a 50mL quantitative bottle, add water to volume, take 25mL in a beaker, adjust to 0.15N with 0.1N sodium hydroxide and then add 20mL of formaldehyde solution to 0.1N Nitrogen The sodium was titrated to pH 8.5. The formaldehyde content of the sample was calculated as follows: Sample formaldehyde nitrogen content (%) = 0.0014 × V × F × (50 / W) × (100 / 20)

V:0.1N氫氧化鈉之滴定量 V: 0.1N sodium hydroxide titration

W:樣品容量(mL) W: sample capacity (mL)

F:0.1N氫氧化鈉之濃度係數 F: concentration coefficient of 0.1N sodium hydroxide

4.水解度-水解度(%)=甲醛態氮/總氮×100 4. Degree of hydrolysis - Degree of hydrolysis (%) = Formaldehyde nitrogen / Total nitrogen × 100

5.體外消化試驗-將樣品以0.2N HCl調整至pH0.2,加入基質量1%Pepsin於37℃水浴反應4小時,之後再以2N NaOH調整至pH7.0,接著再加入基質量1%Pancreatin於37℃水浴反應4小時,反應終了以沸水加熱10分鐘使酵素失活,最後過濾即可進行下面實驗。 5. In vitro digestion test - The sample was adjusted to pH 0.2 with 0.2 N HCl, and added with a base mass of 1% Pepsin for 4 hours in a 37 ° C water bath, then adjusted to pH 7.0 with 2N NaOH, followed by addition of 1% Pancreatin. The reaction was carried out in a 37 ° C water bath for 4 hours, and the reaction was terminated by boiling water for 10 minutes to inactivate the enzyme. Finally, the following experiment was carried out by filtration.

6.鈣結合能力測定-取樣品20mL加入20mL 15mM CaCl2,再加入20mL 0.06M磷酸鉀緩衝溶液,加鹼攪拌使反應液之pH值維持在7.5一小時,反應結束後離心3500rpm 20分鐘,取上清液0.1mL與2mL的o-Cresolphthalein Complexone呈色劑均勻混合後再加入2mL的AMP緩衝溶液,避光反應15分鐘以波長570nm檢測其吸光值,帶入標準曲線後換算出樣品鈣離子濃度(ppm)。 6. Determination of calcium binding capacity - 20 mL of sample was added to 20 mL of 15 mM CaCl 2 , then 20 mL of 0.06 M potassium phosphate buffer solution was added, and the pH of the reaction solution was maintained at 7.5 hours with alkali stirring. After the reaction was completed, centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant was taken. 0.1 mL of the solution was uniformly mixed with 2 mL of o-Cresolphthalein Complexone coloring agent, then 2 mL of AMP buffer solution was added, and the absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 570 nm in the dark for 15 minutes, and the sample was subjected to a standard curve to convert the sample calcium ion concentration (ppm). ).

7.感官評估分析-以嗜好性評分法(hedonic-scale test)對樣品進行品評試驗,採七分制,7分代表非常喜歡,4分代表不喜歡也不討厭,1分代表非常不喜歡。以12位經過半訓練人員藉由嗜好性品評,對產品的顏色、香氣、風味、鹹度及總評等項目進行感官評估,其評分表如表九所示。 7. Sensory evaluation analysis - with a preference score (hedonic-scale Test) The sample is subjected to a taste test. The seven-point system is adopted. The 7-point representative is very fond of it. The 4-point representative does not like it and is not annoying. One-point representative is very disliked. The sensory evaluation of the product's color, aroma, flavor, salinity and general rating was carried out by 12 semi-trained personnel through a hobbyist evaluation. The score table is shown in Table 9.

8.統計分析-依各實驗所得之五重覆數據以SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Science)統計軟體進行分析,實驗結果以平均值±標準差(mean±S.D.),利用單因子變異數分析(one-way analysis of variance,one-way ANOVA)及成對樣本檢定(T-test)進行變方分析,並以Ducan’ smultiple分析各平均值間之顯著性差異。 8. Statistical analysis - The five-fold data obtained from each experiment was analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) statistical software. The results were analyzed by one-way variance (mean ± SD) using one-way variance (one-way) Analysis of variance, one-way ANOVA) and paired sample assay (T-test) for variant analysis, and Ducan's multiple analysis of significant differences between the mean values.

以下即依據上述分析方法對虱目魚魚鱗進行一般成分分析、18%不同酸水解虱目魚魚鱗之分析、1%不同有機酸水解虱目魚魚鱗之分析及酵素水解虱目魚魚鱗之分析以及由本發明所製成之虱目魚魚鱗蛋白質水解調味料製備、感官評估分析及相關性,進行比對分析。 The following is a general component analysis of the milkfish scales, 18% analysis of different acid hydrolyzed milkfish scales, 1% analysis of different organic acid hydrolyzed milkfish scales, and analysis of enzyme hydrolyzed milkfish scales according to the above analysis method. The preparation, sensory evaluation analysis and correlation of the milkfish fish scale protein hydrolyzed seasoning made by the present invention were compared and analyzed.

虱目魚魚鱗的一般成分分析Analysis of general composition of fish scales of milkfish

魚鱗主要成分為蛋白質及灰分,而養殖及野生的虱目魚魚鱗蛋白質及灰分含量分別為61%、56%及36%、38%。表一顯示為本發明乾燥虱目魚魚鱗的一般成分,結果顯示乾 燥虱目魚魚鱗含有較高的蛋白質56.84%其次為灰分的41.03%,而脂肪含量最低約為0.36%。而虱目魚魚鱗脂肪含量低且蛋白質含量高,因此乾燥虱目魚魚鱗為製作蛋白質水解液的良好原料。 The main components of fish scales are protein and ash, while the protein and ash content of cultured and wild milkfish scales are 61%, 56%, 36%, and 38%, respectively. Table 1 shows the general composition of the dried milkfish scales of the present invention, and the results show that The dried milkfish scales contain a higher protein content of 56.84% followed by 41.03% of the ash, while the fat content is at least 0.36%. The milkfish scales have low fat content and high protein content, so the dried milkfish scales are good raw materials for protein hydrolysate.

18%不同酸水解虱目魚魚鱗之分析Analysis of 18% different acid hydrolyzed milkfish scales

(1)固形物及灰分含量 (1) Solids and ash content

第4圖為18%不同酸萃取虱目魚魚鱗水解液之固形物含量,結果顯示以草酸處理組有較高的固形物含量。而在灰分方面,第5圖的結果顯示以鹽酸處理組在各個水解時間下,皆有最高的灰份含量其測定值分別為9.81%、9.67%及9.42%,灰分含量高是因為調整在pH值時析出鹽類所導致的。酸與活性大的金屬如:鈣、鎂、鋁、鋅、鐵等反應後,會產生鹽類與氫氣,且在調整pH值時若是使用氫氧化鈉鉀,其水解液所析出的鹽類應為鉀鹽。 Figure 4 shows the solid content of 18% different acid extracted milkfish scales hydrolysate. The results showed that the oxalic acid treatment group had a higher solid content. In terms of ash, the results in Figure 5 show that the highest ash content in the hydrochloric acid treatment group at each hydrolysis time is 9.81%, 9.67%, and 9.42%, respectively, and the high ash content is adjusted at pH. The value is caused by the precipitation of salts. When an acid reacts with a highly active metal such as calcium, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, iron, etc., it will produce salts and hydrogen, and if sodium hydroxide is used in adjusting the pH, the salt precipitated from the hydrolyzate should be It is a potassium salt.

(2)色澤分析 (2) Color analysis

在色澤分析方面,表二顯示隨著水解時間的增加L值會隨之下降,其中又以檸檬酸處理3小時的測定值較高,測定值為64.03。反之,a值及b值則是隨著水解時間的增加其測定值也隨之提高,其中以硫酸處理9小時有較高的a值及b值,測定值分別為9.58及39.82。 In terms of color analysis, Table 2 shows that the L value will decrease with the increase of hydrolysis time, and the measured value of citric acid treatment for 3 hours is higher, and the measured value is 64.03. On the contrary, the a value and the b value increase with the increase of the hydrolysis time, and the high value of a and b are 9 hours after the sulfuric acid treatment, and the measured values are 9.58 and 39.82, respectively.

(3)總氮、甲醛態氮及水解度 (3) Total nitrogen, formaldehyde nitrogen and degree of hydrolysis

蛋白質水解程度是判斷蛋白質被水解為低分子量胜肽物質與胺基酸的指標,表三為18%不同酸萃取虱目魚魚鱗水解液之總氮、甲醛態氮及水解度。結果顯示隨著水解時間的遞增其總氮、甲醛態氮及水解度皆隨之升高。從總氮的結果來看,檸檬酸及草酸處理組之總氮含量較其他處理組高。而甲醛態氮及水解度皆是以鹽酸處理組之測定值較高,其中又以鹽酸處理9小時有最高之水解度,其測定值為49.71%。 The degree of protein hydrolysis is an indicator for determining that the protein is hydrolyzed into a low molecular weight peptide substance and an amino acid. Table 3 shows the total nitrogen, formaldehyde nitrogen and degree of hydrolysis of the milkfish scales hydrolyzate extracted by 18% different acids. The results showed that the total nitrogen, formaldehyde nitrogen and hydrolysis degree increased with the increase of hydrolysis time. From the results of total nitrogen, the total nitrogen content of the citric acid and oxalic acid treatment groups was higher than that of the other treatment groups. The formaldehyde nitrogen and the degree of hydrolysis were all higher in the hydrochloric acid treatment group, and the highest degree of hydrolysis was observed in hydrochloric acid for 9 hours, and the measured value was 49.71%.

(4)鈣離子結合力 (4) Calcium ion binding force

鈣的消化主要是在人體腸道系統,因此本實驗模擬人體消化系統探討虱目魚魚鱗酸水解液的鈣離子結合力分析,第10圖顯示所有處理組皆以未消化前之鈣離子結合力較高,所有處理組中單獨以硫酸(D)及鹽酸(E)處理9小時有較高的結合力,測定值分別為15.33ppm及15.60ppm。 Calcium digestion is mainly in the human intestinal system, so this experiment simulates the human digestive system to analyze the calcium ion binding force of the milkfish tartaric acid hydrolysate. Figure 10 shows that all treatment groups have the calcium ion binding force before undigestion. Higher, all treatment groups treated with sulfuric acid (D) and hydrochloric acid (E) for 9 hours had higher binding strength, and the measured values were 15.33 ppm and 15.60 ppm, respectively.

1%不同有機酸水解虱目魚魚鱗之分析Analysis of 1% Different Organic Acid Hydrolyzed Milkfish Scales

(1)固形物及灰分含量 (1) Solids and ash content

第6圖及第7圖為1%不同有機酸水解虱目魚魚鱗之固形物及灰分含量,結果顯示隨著時間增加,灰分及固形物的含量會隨之提高,以硫酸處理組的固形物及灰分含量較其他處理組高,其中又以硫酸處理3小時有較高的測定值,分別為3.75%及0.76%。 Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 show the solid content and ash content of 1% different organic acid hydrolyzed milkfish scales. The results show that the content of ash and solids increases with time, and the solid content of sulfuric acid treated group The ash content was higher than that of the other treatment groups, and the higher measured values were treated with sulfuric acid for 3 hours, which were 3.75% and 0.76%, respectively.

(2)色澤分析 (2) Color analysis

在色澤分析中,L值的正值代表亮度而負值代表顏色較暗,a值的正值代表紅色而負值則代表綠色,另外b值的正值代表黃色,反之負值代表藍色。表四為1%不同酸萃取虱目魚魚鱗水解液之色澤分析,結果顯示以硫酸處理2小時有較高的L值,測定值為66.48。a值則是以醋酸處理組較其他組別高,其中又以醋酸處理2小時有較高的測定值1.32。 In color analysis, a positive value of L value represents brightness and a negative value represents darker color, a positive value of a value represents red and a negative value represents green, and a positive value of b value represents yellow, whereas a negative value represents blue. Table 4 shows the color analysis of 1% different acid-extracted milkfish fish scale hydrolysate. The results showed that the L value was 2 hours after sulfuric acid treatment, and the measured value was 66.48. The a value was higher in the acetic acid treatment group than in the other groups, and the higher the measured value was 1.32 after treatment with acetic acid for 2 hours.

(3)總氮、甲醛態氮及水解度 (3) Total nitrogen, formaldehyde nitrogen and degree of hydrolysis

通常隨著時間的提升水解程度越高,蛋白質被水解後成為小分子的胜肽或游離的胺基酸的情況,可以水解程度(degree ofhydrolysis,DH)來表示。表五為1%不同酸萃取虱目魚魚鱗水解液之總氮、甲醛態氮及水解度,結果顯示各實驗結果皆隨著萃取時間的增長,其測定值也隨之增加。在水解度方面,鹽酸處理組較其他實驗組高,其中又以鹽酸萃取2小時有較高的數值,其測定值為43.09%。 Generally, the higher the degree of hydrolysis over time, the case where the protein is hydrolyzed to become a peptide of a small molecule or a free amino acid, which can be expressed by a degree of hydrolysis (DH). Table 5 shows the total nitrogen, formaldehyde nitrogen and hydrolysis degree of 1% different acid extraction of milkfish scales hydrolysate. The results show that the results of each experiment increase with the extraction time. In terms of degree of hydrolysis, the hydrochloric acid treatment group was higher than the other experimental groups, and the extraction with hydrochloric acid for 2 hours had a higher value, and the measured value was 43.09%.

酵素水解虱目魚魚鱗之分析Analysis of Enzymatic Hydrolyzed Milkfish Scales

(1)固形物及灰分含量 (1) Solids and ash content

第8圖為酵素萃取虱目魚魚鱗水解液固形物合量,第9圖為水解液之灰分含量,結果顯示隨著時間的拉長,灰分及固形物的含量會隨之增加,其中又以胃蛋白酶處理組的灰分及回形物含量高於鹼性蛋白酶處理組,其測定值分別為1.52%和0.23%。 Figure 8 shows the solid content of the hydrolysate of the milkfish scale extracted by the enzyme, and the ash content of the hydrolyzate is shown in the figure 9. The results show that the ash and solid content will increase with time, among which The content of ash and extracts in the pepsin treatment group was higher than that in the alkaline protease treatment group, and the measured values were 1.52% and 0.23%, respectively.

(2)色澤分析 (2) Color analysis

表六為酵素萃取虱目魚魚鱗水解液色澤分析,隨著水解時間的增加各處理組的L值皆有增加之趨勢,其中以胃蛋白酶處理組高於鹼性蛋白酶,L值最高為胃蛋白酶水解10小時,測定值為64.79。反之b值則由鹼性蛋白酶處理組較高,以鹼性蛋白酶水解8小時有較高之測定值5.11。 Table 6 shows the color analysis of the hydrolyzate of the milkfish scales extracted by enzyme. The L value of each treatment group increased with the increase of hydrolysis time. Among them, the pepsin treatment group was higher than the alkaline protease, and the highest L value was pepsin. Hydrolyzed for 10 hours, the measured value was 64.79. On the contrary, the b value was higher in the alkaline protease-treated group, and the higher the measured value was 5.11 after hydrolysis with alkaline protease for 8 hours.

(3)總氮、甲醛態氮及水解度分析 (3) Analysis of total nitrogen, formaldehyde nitrogen and hydrolysis degree

表七為酵素萃取虱目魚魚鱗水解液之總氮、甲醛態氮及水解度分析,甲醛態氮在鹼性蛋白酶處理組隨著時間的拉長其測定值也增加,反之胃蛋白酶處理組則無明顯差異。在水解度方面,水解時間增長水解度也有增加之趨勢,其中以鹼性蛋白酶處理10小時有最高的水解度。許多相關蛋白質水解的研究也顯示,Alcalase是水解反應後能力較高且後續功能探討表現較佳的水解酵素。 Table 7 shows the total nitrogen, formaldehyde nitrogen and hydrolysis degree of the hydrolysate of the milkfish scales extracted by the enzyme. The measured value of the formaldehyde nitrogen in the alkaline protease treatment group increased with time, whereas the pepsin treatment group No significant difference. In terms of degree of hydrolysis, the hydrolysis degree also increased the degree of hydrolysis, and the highest degree of hydrolysis was obtained by treating with alkaline protease for 10 hours. Many studies on related protein hydrolysis have also shown that Alcalase is a hydrolyzing enzyme with high capacity after hydrolysis and better performance in subsequent functional studies.

(4)鈣離子結合力分析 (4) analysis of calcium ion binding force

第11圖為虱目魚魚鱗水解液對鈣離子結合力分析,鹼性蛋白酶處理組經消化試驗後其鈣離子結合力增加,其中又以消化之鹼性蛋白酶處理12小時有較高的測定值,其測定值為13.56ppm。反之胃蛋白酶處理組再經由消化道試驗後可能是因為其分子最太小,使之無法與鈣離子結合,因此未消化處理的數值高於經由消化道試驗處理組。由於蛋白質水解物經由口攝食後,體內的腸胃消化系統會對胜肽或蛋白質進行消化代謝,使具有生理活性的胜肽再度受到水解而使活性下降或產生更多具有活性的胜肽。 Fig. 11 is a graph showing the binding force of calcium ion in the hydrolysate of the milkfish scale. The alkaline protease treatment group increased the calcium ion binding capacity after digestion test, and the higher the measured value was treated with the digested alkaline protease for 12 hours. The measured value was 13.56 ppm. On the other hand, the pepsin treatment group may pass the digestive tract test because the molecule is too small to bind to calcium ions, so the value of the undigested treatment is higher than that of the group treated by the digestive tract test. Since the protein hydrolysate is ingested through the mouth, the gastrointestinal digestive system in the body digests the peptide or protein, and the physiologically active peptide is again hydrolyzed to reduce the activity or produce more active peptides.

虱目魚魚鱗蛋白質水解調味料製備、感官評估分析及相關性分析Preparation, Sensory Evaluation and Correlation Analysis of Protein Hydrolyzed Seasoning of Milkfish Fish Scale

(1)色澤、鹽度及黏度分析 (1) Analysis of color, salinity and viscosity

表八為虱目魚魚鱗蛋白質水解調味液之色澤、鹽度及黏度分析,在L值方面以酵素處理組所製成的產品有最大的L值,其測定值為62.82。而市售的產品則測定到最小的L值10.92,這表示市售產品的顏色較我們製作產品的顏色深。另外在a值方面以市售是旦有最大值28.18,這也表示市售的產品除了顏色偏暗外更有偏紅的情形,也會對料理時的食材產生染色的影響。在鹽度方面也是以市售 的產品有著最高的鹽度42.00%,與以18%酸處理所製成的產品41.67%數值接近。在黏度方面,以18%酸處理所製成的產品有最高的黏度,其測定值為16.30cp,其次為市售產品(11.80cp),酵素處理及1%酸處理製成的產品其黏度偏低,黏度測定值分別為2.63cp及2.39cp。 Table 8 shows the color, salinity and viscosity analysis of the protein hydrolyzed seasoning of the milkfish scales. The product made by the enzyme treatment group in the L value has the largest L value, and the measured value is 62.82. Commercially available products have a minimum L value of 10.92, which means that the color of the commercially available product is darker than the color of the product we make. In addition, in the case of a value, the maximum value is 28.18, which means that the commercially available product is more reddish in addition to the darker color, and it also affects the dyeing of the ingredients during cooking. Also commercially available in terms of salinity The product has the highest salinity of 42.00%, which is close to the value of 41.67% of the product made with 18% acid. In terms of viscosity, the product prepared by 18% acid treatment has the highest viscosity, the measured value is 16.30 cp, followed by the commercially available product (11.80 cp), and the viscosity of the product prepared by enzyme treatment and 1% acid treatment is biased. Low, viscosity measurements were 2.63 cp and 2.39 cp, respectively.

(2)感官評估分析 (2) Sensory evaluation analysis

表九為感官評估評分表之式樣。 Table 9 shows the model of the sensory evaluation score sheet.

表十為虱目魚魚鱗蛋白質水解調味液之感官評估,分 析結果顯示,在顏色方面,市售的產品因為顏色較深而較不為品評員所青睞,而在香氣方面以18%處理組的味道較不為大家所接受。另外在鹹度方面,以18%處理組的的強度最強,但這也導致其在鹹度的喜好度上得到較低的分數3.88,相對而言強度最弱的酵素處理組則有著較高的喜好度及總評得分,其分數分別為5.13及5.50。 Table 10 is the sensory evaluation of the protein hydrolyzed seasoning of the milkfish scales. The results show that in terms of color, the commercially available products are less favored by the tasters because of the darker colors, and the 18% treatment group in the aroma is less acceptable. In addition, in terms of salinity, the 18% treatment group had the strongest intensity, but this also resulted in a lower score of 3.88 in the saltiness preference, while the weakest enzyme treatment group had a higher The scores of preferences and total scores were 5.13 and 5.50 respectively.

(3)相關性分析 (3) Correlation analysis

表十一為虱目魚魚鱗蛋白質水解調味料的色澤、鹽度及感官評估之相關性分析,由表中可以得知,L值與a值成負相關性(p<0.01),而在感官評估方面,風味與香氣為正相關(p<0.01),而影響總評的主要項目為顏色、香氣、風味及對鹽度的喜好程度,他們都和總評為正相關性(p<0.01),這也就表示隨著他們得分的上升,總評得分也會跟著上升。 Table 11 shows the correlation analysis of the color, salinity and sensory evaluation of the protein hydrolyzed seasoning of the milkfish scale. It can be seen from the table that the L value is negatively correlated with the a value (p<0.01), while in the senses. In terms of evaluation, flavor and aroma were positively correlated (p<0.01), while the main items affecting the overall evaluation were color, aroma, flavor and preference for salinity, and they were all positively correlated with total (p<0.01). It also means that as their scores rise, the overall rating will also rise.

經由上述比對分析後可知,在以18%有機酸萃取虱目魚魚鱗的情形下,以草酸處理組有較高的固形物含量,而在灰份含量方面則是以鹽酸處理組最高。在總氮、甲醛態氮及水解度方面,時間的延長會導致其數值跟著上升,而鹽酸處理組的甲醛態氮及水解度皆有較高的測定值。 Through the above comparison analysis, it was found that in the case of extracting the milkfish scales with 18% organic acid, the oxalic acid treatment group had a higher solid content, and the ash content was the highest in the hydrochloric acid treatment group. In terms of total nitrogen, formaldehyde nitrogen and degree of hydrolysis, the prolongation of time leads to an increase in the value, while the formaldehyde nitrogen and hydrolysis degree of the hydrochloric acid treatment group have higher measured values.

另外,隨著時間的增加,以1%不同有機酸水解虱目魚魚鱗的灰分及固形物的含量會隨之提高,其中又以硫酸處理3小時有較高的測定值。在水解度方面,以鹽酸萃取2小時有較高的數值。 In addition, with the increase of time, the content of ash and solids of the fish scales hydrolyzed by 1% different organic acids will increase, and the higher measured value is treated with sulfuric acid for 3 hours. In terms of degree of hydrolysis, extraction with hydrochloric acid for 2 hours has a higher value.

再者,利用酵素萃取虱目魚魚鱗水解液,隨著時間的增加灰分及固形物的含量會隨之增加,其中又以胃蛋白酶處理組有著最高的數值。其水解度的增加主要是因為水解時間的延長,而鹼性蛋白酶則可造成最佳的水解度。 Furthermore, the use of enzymes to extract the milkfish scales hydrolysate increases the amount of ash and solids over time, with the highest value in the pepsin treatment group. The increase in the degree of hydrolysis is mainly due to the prolongation of the hydrolysis time, while the alkaline protease produces the best degree of hydrolysis.

最後在將虱目魚魚鱗蛋白質水解液調味並製成調味液後發現,市售的調味液有著最高的鹽度、a值及較低的L值,這也表現出市售的調味液有著過鹹的情形,同時在運用上較易將食物所染色,而在感官評估中過深的顏色也較不為大家所青睞,鹹度的強度及喜好度也是影響總評的一大條件,因此在調味液中以鹹度最弱的酵素處理組有著最高的總評得分,而鹹度最強的18%處理組最不為大家所青睞。 Finally, after seasoning the milkfish fish scale protein hydrolysate and making it into a seasoning liquid, it was found that the marketed seasoning liquid had the highest salinity, a value and low L value, which also showed that the marketed seasoning liquid was too salty. In the case of the situation, it is easier to dye the food in the application, and the color that is too deep in the sensory evaluation is not favored by everyone. The intensity and preference of the saltiness are also a major condition affecting the overall evaluation, so in the seasoning liquid The enzyme treatment group with the weakest saltiness has the highest overall score, while the 18% of the most salty treatment group is the least popular.

而由於虱目魚魚鱗的膠原蛋白,含有高量的甘胺酸及不少的麩胺酸和丙胺酸,這些胺基酸都其有良好的呈味作用,且魚鱗的蛋白質水解後含有甘胺酸的寡胜肽而味道鮮美,不會像其他水解蛋白困富含疏水基胺基酸而帶有苦味。另外魚鱗中之氫氧鱗灰石還可充當不錯的鈣質補充劑,許多研究顯示含甘胺酸的胜肽類能夠幫助礦物質吸收,因此本發明以魚鱗製成之魚鱗調味料產品,更可有效減少食用者骨質疏鬆症的發生率。且其抗氧化能力、鈣離子結合力、清除DPPH自由基能力等皆具有不錯之表現,而可構成味道鮮美及富含功能性的魚鱗調味料,其不僅可以有效利用國內的水產加工廢棄物,還可以給予國人更為嶄新且健康的新選擇,而深具發展潛力及產業利用性。 And because the collagen of the milkfish scales contains high amounts of glycine and a lot of glutamic acid and alanine, these amino acids have a good taste, and the protein of the scales contains glycine after hydrolysis. The acid oligopeptide is delicious and does not have a bitter taste like other hydrolyzed proteins that are rich in hydrophobic amino acids. In addition, the oxyapatite in the scales can also act as a good calcium supplement. Many studies have shown that glycine-containing peptides can help minerals, so the fish scales made from fish scales are more Can effectively reduce the incidence of osteoporosis in consumers. And its antioxidant capacity, calcium ion binding ability, DPPH free radical scavenging ability, etc. have a good performance, and can constitute a delicious and functional fish scales, which can not only effectively use domestic aquatic processing waste, It can also give Chinese people new and healthy new choices, and has deep development potential and industrial utilization.

惟,以上實施例之揭示係用以說明本發明,並非用以 限制本發明,故舉凡等效元件之置換仍應隸屬本發明之範疇。 However, the disclosure of the above embodiments is for explaining the present invention and is not intended to be used. The present invention is not intended to be limited by the scope of the present invention.

綜上所述,係可使熟知本項技藝者明瞭本發明的確可達成前述目的,實已符合專利法之規定,故依法提出申請。 In summary, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can achieve the foregoing objectives and is in compliance with the provisions of the Patent Law.

Claims (7)

一種以魚鱗製作調味料方法,包含有以下步驟:a.以約100℃的水加熱魚鱗後,再將魚鱗乾燥至含水量5~10%;b.以濃度1~18%之檸檬酸、草酸、醋酸、硫酸或鹽酸其中之一,對乾燥後之魚鱗進行水解,其中,檸檬酸、草酸、醋酸、硫酸或鹽酸與魚鱗的重量比為2:1,水解時間為1~9小時,並加熱保持在100℃;c.以氫氧化鉀或氫氧化鈉對完成水解之魚鱗酸鹼中和至PH值4.5~5,使未水解之蛋白質沉澱;d.過濾去除其固形物,並加熱至沸點至少10分鐘,即可獲得一魚鱗調味料。 A method for making seasonings with fish scales, comprising the steps of: a. heating the fish scales with water at about 100 ° C, and then drying the fish scales to a water content of 5 to 10%; b. citrate and oxalic acid at a concentration of 1 to 18% , one of acetic acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, the dried fish scale is hydrolyzed, wherein the weight ratio of citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to fish scale is 2:1, hydrolysis time is 1 to 9 hours, and heated Maintained at 100 ° C; c. Neutralize the hydrolyzed squaraine with potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide to a pH of 4.5 to 5 to precipitate the unhydrolyzed protein; d. Filter to remove the solids and heat to the boiling point At least 10 minutes, you can get a fish scale seasoning. 如請求項1所述之以魚鱗製作調味料方法,其中,於步驟b中係加入濃度1%之檸檬酸、草酸、醋酸、硫酸或鹽酸其中之一,並以高壓滅菌釜加壓加熱保持在121℃及壓力1.21kg/cm2下1~3小時,以對乾燥後之魚鱗進行水解。 The seasoning method according to claim 1, wherein in the step b, one of citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid having a concentration of 1% is added, and the autoclave is heated under pressure. The dried fish scales were hydrolyzed at 121 ° C and a pressure of 1.21 kg/cm 2 for 1 to 3 hours. 如請求項1所述之以魚鱗製作調味料方法,其中,於步驟d加熱至沸點10分鐘後,更添加有一具有特定風味之副原料至該魚鱗調味料中。 The seasoning method according to claim 1, wherein after heating to the boiling point for 10 minutes in the step d, an auxiliary material having a specific flavor is further added to the fish scale seasoning. 如請求項1所述之以魚鱗製作調味料方法,其中,將所獲得之魚鱗調味料作為一第一原料,並與一第二原料相互混合,即可獲得一混合魚鱗調味料,而該第二原料之製法係包含有以下步驟 (1)以約100℃的水加熱魚鱗後,再將魚鱗乾燥至含水量5~10%;(2)將乾燥後之魚鱗以沸水煮沸約10分鐘,並調整至最適PH值及溫度,接著加入濃度0.5~3%之鹼性蛋白酶或胃蛋白酶酵素進行水解,其中,鹼性蛋白酶或胃蛋白酶與魚鱗的重量比為2:1,水解時間為1~9小時;(3)將完成水解之魚鱗加熱至沸點至少10分鐘,使其酵素之活性喪失,接著以鹽酸或氫氧化鉀酸鹼中和至PH值4.5~5,使未水解之蛋白質沉澱;(4)過濾去除其固形物,即可獲得該第二原料。 The method for preparing a seasoning according to claim 1, wherein the obtained fish scale seasoning is used as a first raw material and mixed with a second raw material to obtain a mixed fish scale seasoning, and the first The two raw materials manufacturing system includes the following steps (1) After heating the fish scale with water of about 100 ° C, the fish scale is dried to a water content of 5 to 10%; (2) the dried fish scale is boiled in boiling water for about 10 minutes, and adjusted to an optimum pH and temperature, and then Hydrolysis is carried out by adding 0.5% to 3% of alkaline protease or pepsin enzyme, wherein the ratio of alkaline protease or pepsin to fish scale is 2:1, hydrolysis time is 1 to 9 hours; (3) hydrolysis is completed. The fish scale is heated to the boiling point for at least 10 minutes to lose the activity of the enzyme, and then neutralized to pH 4.5 to 5 with hydrochloric acid or potassium hydroxide acid base to precipitate the unhydrolyzed protein; (4) the solid matter is removed by filtration, ie This second raw material can be obtained. 如請求項4所述之以魚鱗製作調味料方法,其中,於步驟b中係加入濃度1%之鹼性蛋白酶酵素,其最適PH值為8.0,最適溫度為50℃。 The seasoning method for fish scales according to claim 4, wherein in step b, a 1% alkaline protease enzyme is added, and the optimum pH is 8.0, and the optimum temperature is 50 °C. 如請求項4所述之以魚鱗製作調味料方法,其中,於步驟b中係加入濃度1%之胃蛋白酶酵素,其最適PH值為3.0,最適溫度為50℃。 The seasoning method for fish scales according to claim 4, wherein in step b, a pepsin enzyme having a concentration of 1% is added, and the optimum pH is 3.0, and the optimum temperature is 50 °C. 如請求項4所述之以魚鱗製作調味料方法,其中,於步驟(4)過濾去除其固形物後,更添加有一具有特定風味之副原料至該第二原料中。 The seasoning method according to claim 4, wherein after the solid matter is removed by filtration in the step (4), an auxiliary material having a specific flavor is further added to the second raw material.
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