TW201639455A - 殺蟲組成物及相關方法(二) - Google Patents
殺蟲組成物及相關方法(二) Download PDFInfo
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- TW201639455A TW201639455A TW105109470A TW105109470A TW201639455A TW 201639455 A TW201639455 A TW 201639455A TW 105109470 A TW105109470 A TW 105109470A TW 105109470 A TW105109470 A TW 105109470A TW 201639455 A TW201639455 A TW 201639455A
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- Prior art keywords
- soil
- spp
- anionic surfactant
- composition
- insecticidal composition
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 304
- 230000000361 pesticidal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
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- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 116
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- -1 methodomyl Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 68
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- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 41
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- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- WCXDHFDTOYPNIE-RIYZIHGNSA-N (E)-acetamiprid Chemical compound N#C/N=C(\C)N(C)CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 WCXDHFDTOYPNIE-RIYZIHGNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-GFCCVEGCSA-N metalaxyl-M Chemical compound COCC(=O)N([C@H](C)C(=O)OC)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N vamidothion Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)SCCSP(=O)(OC)OC LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XERJKGMBORTKEO-VZUCSPMQSA-N (1e)-2-(ethylcarbamoylamino)-n-methoxy-2-oxoethanimidoyl cyanide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)NC(=O)C(\C#N)=N\OC XERJKGMBORTKEO-VZUCSPMQSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HOKKPVIRMVDYPB-UVTDQMKNSA-N (Z)-thiacloprid Chemical compound C1=NC(Cl)=CC=C1CN1C(=N/C#N)/SCC1 HOKKPVIRMVDYPB-UVTDQMKNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YRRKLBAKDXSTNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aldicarb sulfonyl Natural products CNC(=O)ON=CC(C)(C)S(C)(=O)=O YRRKLBAKDXSTNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YRRKLBAKDXSTNC-WEVVVXLNSA-N Aldoxycarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)O\N=C\C(C)(C)S(C)(=O)=O YRRKLBAKDXSTNC-WEVVVXLNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000005808 Metalaxyl-M Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- XEGGRYVFLWGFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N bendiocarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=CC2=C1OC(C)(C)O2 XEGGRYVFLWGFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OIPMQULDKWSNGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[[ethoxy(oxo)phosphaniumyl]oxy]alumanyloxy-ethoxy-oxophosphanium Chemical compound [Al+3].CCO[P+]([O-])=O.CCO[P+]([O-])=O.CCO[P+]([O-])=O OIPMQULDKWSNGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SFNPDDSJBGRXLW-UITAMQMPSA-N butocarboxim Chemical compound CNC(=O)O\N=C(\C)C(C)SC SFNPDDSJBGRXLW-UITAMQMPSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- GYSSRZJIHXQEHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carboxin Chemical compound S1CCOC(C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 GYSSRZJIHXQEHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- ZEYJIQLVKGBLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N fuberidazole Chemical compound C1=COC(C=2N=C3[CH]C=CC=C3N=2)=C1 ZEYJIQLVKGBLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KGVPNLBXJKTABS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hymexazol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=NO1 KGVPNLBXJKTABS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FCOAHACKGGIURQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iprobenfos Chemical compound CC(C)OP(=O)(OC(C)C)SCC1=CC=CC=C1 FCOAHACKGGIURQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NNKVPIKMPCQWCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methamidophos Chemical compound COP(N)(=O)SC NNKVPIKMPCQWCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate Chemical compound COCC(=O)N(C(C)C(=O)OC)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KRTSDMXIXPKRQR-AATRIKPKSA-N monocrotophos Chemical compound CNC(=O)\C=C(/C)OP(=O)(OC)OC KRTSDMXIXPKRQR-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
一種殺蟲組成物包含至少一種陰離子性界面活性劑及一種活性成分群組α(AIGA)化合物,陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比為至少大約20:1。該殺蟲組成物顯示土壤內AIGA化合物提升的殘餘物活性。一種控制於植物的頂部上吸食汁液的昆蟲之方法包含施用殺蟲有效量的此殺蟲組成物至植物的根部系統附近的土壤。一種控制害蟲的方法包含施用殺蟲有效量的此殺蟲組成物至下列之至少一處:土壤、植物種子、植物的一部份,及希望控制害蟲之所在地。
Description
此申請案主張提申日期2015年3月31日提申之美國臨時專利申請案第62/141,135號,“PESTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED METHODS”,之利益。
各種具體例大體而言係有關於殺蟲組成物以及使用此等殺蟲組成物於控制害蟲的方法。
控制害蟲族群,對現代農業、食物貯存以及衛生是至關重要的。現今,安全與有效的囊封的害蟲調配物在控制害蟲族群上扮演一顯著的角色。不幸地,多數害蟲調配物,特別是液體為主的調配物,在施用之後相當快地失去它們的效力。因此,必須再施用此等害蟲調配物以確保害蟲控制。此外,施用後活性期間很短的配方可能導致該區域於該時間期間易受害蟲的侵襲。
本發明提供一種殺蟲組成物,其包含至少一陰離
子性界面活性劑及一活性成分群組α(AIGA)化合物,其中陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比為至少大約20:1。
圖1為顯示於非限制性的殺蟲組成物實例三天之後,接種的(inoculated)中西部地區土壤內氟啶蟲胺腈(sulfoxaflor)回收%的圖;圖2為顯示於殺蟲組成物三天之後氟啶蟲胺腈回收%的圖,該殺蟲組成物具有不同量的磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑;圖3為顯示以不同的時間間隔於土壤施用殺蟲組成物之後,氟啶蟲胺腈回收%的圖,該殺蟲組成物包含磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑;圖4為顯示不同的消泡劑對於氟啶蟲胺腈回收%的比較效應的圖;圖5為顯示於非限制性的殺蟲組成物實例三天之後,來自加利福尼亞州夫雷斯諾(Fresno)之接種的土壤內氟啶蟲胺腈回收%的圖;圖6為顯示使用不同的組成物進行土壤處理21天之後,活的碧桃蚜蟲(桃蚜(Myzus persicae))數目的圖;以及圖7為顯示使用不同的組成物進行土壤處理28天之後,活的碧桃蚜蟲(桃蚜)數目的圖。
當使用於本文中,術語「害蟲」係意指且包括無脊椎動物、生物體及微生物(包括病原體),其負面地影響植物或動物。此包括傳播疾病及/或損傷宿主及/或競爭宿主的營養之生物體。此外,植物害蟲為已知與植物有關連的生物體,且其由於該關聯,會對植物的健康和活力造成有害的效應。植物害蟲包括但不限於:真菌、細菌、昆蟲、蛛形綱動物、線蟲、蛞蝓、蝸牛等等。
當使用於本文中,術語「殺蟲劑」係意指且包括任何物質,其可以用於控制農業、自然、環境及家庭/住戶的害蟲,諸如昆蟲、真菌、細菌及病毒。
當使用於本文中,術語「控制(control)」及「控制(controlling)」係意指且包括殺死、撲滅、阻止生長、抑制、降低數量及/或賦予不育性。
當使用於本文中,術語「殺昆蟲劑」係意指,一種特定種類用於控制昆蟲之殺蟲劑。
當使用於本文中,術語「活性成分」係意指且包括一種材料,其具有控制害蟲有用的活性,及/或其有用於協助其他材料有更好的控制害蟲之活性,此等材料的實例包括但不限於:殺蜱蟎劑、除藻劑、殺鳥劑(avicide)、殺菌劑、殺真菌劑、除草劑、殺昆蟲劑、殺蟎劑、殺線蟲劑、滅鼠劑、殺病毒劑、拒食劑、驅鳥劑、化學絕育劑、除草劑安全劑、誘蟲劑、驅蟲劑、驅哺乳動物劑、交配干擾劑、植物活化劑、植物生長調節劑,以及協力劑。此等材料的特定實例可包括但是不限於活性成分群組α之中列出的材
料。活性成分群組α之土壤中的半生期很短,且因而其之土壤穩定性可以使用於此所述的技術予以改良。
當使用於本文中,術語「活性成分群組α(此後稱為“AIGA”)」係集體意指且含括下列材料:(1)殺昆蟲劑-毆殺松(acephate)、亞滅培(acetamiprid)、得滅克(aldicarb)、涕滅碸威(aldoxycarb)、免敵克(bendiocarb)、佈嘉信(butocarboxim)、胺甲(carbaryl)、培丹鹽酸鹽(cartap hydrochloride)、甲基內吸磷-S(demeton-S-methyl)、大滅松(dimethoate)、氟尼胺(flonicamid)、福木松(formothion)、飛達松(heptenophos)、益達胺(imidacloprid)、依殺松(isazofos)、達馬松(methamidophos)、納乃得(methomyl)、亞素靈(monocrotophos)、烯啶蟲胺(nitenpyram)、歐滅松(omethoate)、歐殺滅(oxamyl)、滅多松(oxydemeton-methyl)、福瑞松(phorate)、氟啶蟲胺腈(sulfoxaflor)(優先)、賽果培(thiacloprid)、賽速安(thiamethoxam)、硫賜安草酸鹽(thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate)、硫滅松(thiometon)、硫滅松碸(thiometon sulfone)、唑蚜威(triazamate),以及繁米松(vamidothion);(2)殺真菌劑-萎鏽靈(carboxin)、克絕(cymoxanil)、多地辛(dodicin)、依瑞莫(ethirimol)、福賽得鋁(fosetyl-aluminum)、麥穗寧(fuberidazole)、殺紋寧(hymexazol)、丙基喜樂松(iprobenfos)、滅達樂(metalaxyl)、右滅達樂(metalaxyl-M)、噻菌胺(metsulfovax)、呋醯胺(ofurace)、嘉保信(oxycarboxin)、
普拔克鹽酸鹽(propamocarb hydrochloride)、百快隆(pyroquilon),以及三泰芬(triadimefon)。
當使用於本文中,術語「原始土壤」係意指無添加任何東西至土壤之原始狀態的土壤。
當使用於本文中,術語「原始土壤水分」係意指土壤內的水量,如由重量百分率所述。
當使用於本文中,術語「乾燥的土壤質量」係意指沒有任何水分之乾燥的土壤粒子總質量(猶如已經蒸發掉所有的水分)。乾燥的土壤質量可以使用下列方程式來判定:乾燥的土壤質量=原始土壤質量-(原始土壤質量x含水量%)
當使用於本文中,術語「最終的土壤混合物」係意指添加殺蟲調配物至原始土壤之後的土壤質量,該殺蟲調配物可以包括氟啶蟲胺腈(sulfoxaflor)溶液、界面活性劑/佐劑溶液,及/或額外的水。
當使用於本文中,術語「土壤總液體」係意指包括原始土壤水分與添加的殺蟲調配物之土壤內液體的總量,其可以含括氟啶蟲胺腈(sulfoxaflor)溶液、界面活性劑/佐劑溶液,及/或額外的水。土壤總液體可以使用下列方程式來判定:土壤總液體=(原始土壤質量x含水量%)+殺蟲調配物質量
當使用於本文中,術語「ppm」代表百萬分點,
且意指每一公克土壤樣本中以微克(μg)計之感興趣組分的量。
當使用於本文中,術語「氟啶蟲胺腈(sulfoxaflor)濃縮物」係意指,一種氟啶蟲胺腈濃度為每公升240公克(g/L)之氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物(譬如,可得自於Dow AgroSciences之CLOSER® SC殺昆蟲劑),或是一種氟啶蟲胺腈濃度為每公斤500公克(g/kg)之氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物(譬如,可得自於Dow AgroSciences之TRANSFORM® WG殺昆蟲劑)。氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物可以為含水懸浮液濃縮物調配物(SC)、水可分散顆粒調配物(WDG)、油分散液調配物(OD),或是懸浮液乳液調配物(SE)的形式。
當使用於本文中,術語「氟啶蟲胺腈」係[甲基(側氧){1-[6-(三氟甲基)-3-吡啶基]乙基}-λ6-硫酮]氰胺([methyl(oxo){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]ethyl}-λ6-sulfanylidene]cyanamide)之臨時核准的名稱,其亦稱為N-[甲基氧橋[1-[6-(三氟甲基)-3-吡啶基]乙基]-λ4-硫酮]氰胺(N-[methyloxido[1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]ethyl]-λ4-sulfanylidene]cyanamide)(CAS名稱,CAS登記號946578-00-3)。氟啶蟲胺腈為四種可能的立體異構物之混合物,其等之化學結構如下:
氟啶蟲胺腈對廣大範圍的害蟲展現出效力。氟啶蟲胺腈業已對廣大範圍的吸食汁液(sap-feeding)的昆蟲,像是蚜蟲,展現出優異的急性效力。氟啶蟲胺腈業已對很難控制的真正的蟲(bug),例如草盲蝽(Lygus),顯現出高位準的效力。此外,對於新菸鹼類(neonicotinoid)與其他殺昆蟲劑作用模式,含括有機磷酸鹽類、擬除蟲菊酯類(pyrethroids)及胺基甲酸酯,有抗性的昆蟲族群,氟啶蟲胺腈擁有高位準的內在活性及控制作用。舉例而言,氟啶蟲胺腈之葉部施用業已在田野條件下、以等值或較低的使用率、展現出等於或優於新菸鹼類化合物之效力,特別是對於蚜蟲的控制。
然而,氟啶蟲胺腈於土壤施用之殘餘活性比希望的相對少,因為氟啶蟲胺腈於土壤內降解非常快速。殺蟲劑於土壤內之降解作用可以用半生期DT50值來定義。半生期DT50為50%的殺蟲劑由於降解作用而從土壤消失所花費的時間量。降解過程可以為生物過程(生物降解)或是物理化
學的過程(水解、光解作用等等)。半生期DT50值小於20天之殺蟲劑很容易於土壤中降解。
氟啶蟲胺腈於黑暗中進行的實驗室土壤代謝研究之平均半生期DT50值,係小於一天。在田野條件下的降解也很快速,於田野消散研究中為四天的平均半生期DT50值。氟啶蟲胺腈於土壤內改良的穩定性會使氟啶蟲胺腈之土壤半生期延長,使其可以被植物吸收以控制植物的頂部上吸食汁液的昆蟲歷時更長的時間期間。因而,具改良的土壤穩定性之氟啶蟲胺腈殺蟲組成物是值得嚮往的,俾以使氟啶蟲胺腈於土壤內的生命期增加並且減緩降解作用所致的損失率。
在一特定具體例中,該殺蟲組成物包含至少一種陰離子性界面活性劑及一種活性成分群組α(AIGA)化合物,其中陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比為至少大約20:1,以及特別為至少大約25:1。
該殺蟲組成物包括以選出的重量比之獨特組合的陰離子性界面活性劑及AIGA化合物。該殺蟲組成物使AIGA化合物之土壤半生期增加,同時維持(若未提升)AIGA化合物之殺蟲活性。
在一些具體例中,該殺蟲組成物包含至少一種陰離子性界面活性劑及一種AIGA化合物,其中陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比係介於大約100:1及大約20:1之間,更特別為介於大約100:1及大約30:1之間,以及還更特別為介於大約100:1及大約40:1之間。
在一些具體例中,該殺蟲組成物包含至少一種陰離子性界面活性劑及一種AIGA化合物,其中陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比係介於大約65:1及大約20:1之間,更特別為介於大約65:1及大約25:1之間,以及還更特別為介於大約65:1及大約30:1之間。
在一些具體例中,該殺蟲組成物包含至少一種陰離子性界面活性劑及一種AIGA化合物,其中陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比係介於大約50:1及大約20:1之間,更特別為介於大約50:1及大約25:1之間,以及還更特別為介於大約50:1及大約30:1之間。
於一些另外的具體例中,該殺蟲組成物包含至少一種陰離子性界面活性劑及一種AIGA化合物,其中陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比係介於大約40:1及大約20:1之間,以及更特別為介於大約40:1及大約30:1之間。
於再另外的具體例中,該殺蟲組成物包含至少一種陰離子性界面活性劑及一種AIGA化合物,其中陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比係介於大約30:1及大約20:1之間,以及更特別為介於大約30:1及大約25:1之間。
AIGA化合物可以共同包括下列材料:(1)一種殺昆蟲劑,其包含毆殺松(acephate)、亞滅培(acetamiprid)、得滅克(aldicarb)、涕滅碸威(aldoxycarb)、免敵克(bendiocarb)、佈嘉信(butocarboxim)、胺甲(carbaryl)、培丹鹽酸鹽(cartap hydrochloride)、甲基內吸磷-S(demetoh-S-methyl)、大滅松(dimethoate)、氟尼胺(flonicamid)、福木松(formothion)、飛
達松(heptenophos)、益達胺(imidacloprid)、依殺松(isazofos)、達馬松(methamidophos)、納乃得(methomyl)、亞素靈(monocrotophos)、烯啶蟲胺(nitenpyram)、歐滅松(omethoate)、歐殺滅(oxamyl)、滅多松(oxydemeton-methyl)、福瑞松(phorate)、氟啶蟲胺腈(sulfoxaflor)(優先)、賽果培(thiacloprid)、賽速安(thiamethoxam)、硫賜安草酸鹽(thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate)、硫滅松(thiometon)、硫滅松碸(thiometon sulfone)、唑蚜威(triazamate)、繁米松(vamidothion),或其之混合物;(2)一種殺真菌劑,其包含萎鏽靈(carboxin)、克絕(cymoxanil)、多地辛(dodicin)、依瑞莫(ethirimol)、福賽得鋁(fosetyl-aluminum)、麥穗寧(fuberidazole)、殺紋寧(hymexazol)、丙基喜樂松(iprobenfos)、滅達樂(metalaxyl)、右滅達樂(metalaxyl-M)、噻菌胺(metsulfovax)、呋醯胺(ofurace)、嘉保信(oxycarboxin)、普拔克鹽酸鹽(propamocarb hydrochloride)、百快隆(pyroquilon)、三泰芬(triadimefon),或其之混合物;或是(1)和(2)之混合物。
在一特定具體例中,該殺蟲組成物內的AIGA化合物包含氟啶蟲胺腈。因而,該殺蟲組成物可以包含至少一種陰離子性界面活性劑及氟啶蟲胺腈,其中陰離子性界面活性劑對氟啶蟲胺腈之重量比為至少大約20:1,以及特別為至少大約25:1。於一些具體例中,陰離子性界面活性劑對氟啶蟲胺腈之重量比係介於大約100:1及大約20:1之間,更特別為介於大約100:1及大約30:1之間,以及還更特別為
介於大約100:1及大約40:1之間。
陰離子性界面活性劑可以包括但不限於:磺酸鹽、木質磺酸鹽、硫酸鹽、磷酸鹽、羧酸鹽,或是其之鹽類。鹽類形式之陰離子性界面活性劑的陽離子相對離子之非限制性的實例可以包括但不限於:鹼金屬、鹼土金屬、銨,或是(C1-C6)烷基銨陽離子。
磺酸鹽界面活性劑可以包括但不限於:烷基芳基磺酸鹽界面活性劑;烷基磺酸鹽界面活性劑;烷基醚磺酸鹽界面活性劑;α-烯烴磺酸鹽界面活性劑,諸如(C4-C6)α-烯烴磺酸之鈉鹽;石蠟磺酸鹽界面活性劑;二苯磺酸鹽;α-烯烴磺酸鹽;脂肪酸或油之磺酸鹽;乙氧基化(ethoxylated)烷基酚之磺酸鹽;縮合萘磺酸鹽之磺酸鹽;十二基或十三基苯之磺酸鹽;萘磺酸鹽,諸如MORWET® DB粉末,其為可得自於Akzo Nobel N.V之N-丁基萘磺酸鈉界面活性劑;烷基萘磺酸鹽;磺基琥珀酸鹽;烷基醚磺基琥珀酸鹽;磺基琥珀醯胺酸鹽;羥乙基磺酸鹽;或是牛磺酸鹽(taurates),諸如可得自於Rhodia,Inc.之2-[甲基油醯基胺基]乙烷-1-磺酸鈉GEROPON® T 77界面活性劑。
烷基芳基磺酸鹽界面活性劑之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:支鏈十二烷基苯磺酸鈣(CaDDBS)、十二烷基苯磺酸鈉、十八基苯磺酸鈉、十二烷基苯磺酸異丙胺鹽、烷基二苯基醚二磺酸二鈉、二甲苯磺酸鈉,或是十三基苯磺酸鈉。
烷基磺酸鹽界面活性劑及烷基醚磺酸鹽界面活
性劑之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:丁烷磺酸鈉、戊烷磺酸鈉、己烷磺酸鈉、辛烷磺酸鈉、十二烷基磺酸鈉、月桂基硫酸鈉、月桂基硫酸銨、月桂醇聚醚硫酸銨(ammonium laureth sulfate)、三乙醇胺月桂醇聚醚硫酸銨、單乙醇胺月桂醇聚醚硫酸銨、二乙醇胺月桂基硫酸銨、二乙醇胺月桂醇聚醚硫酸銨、月桂酸單甘油酯硫酸鈉、月桂醇聚醚硫酸鈉、月桂基硫酸鉀、月桂醇聚醚硫酸鉀、十三烷醇聚醚硫酸鈉(sodium trideceth sulfate),或是十三基硫酸銨。
烷基磺基琥珀酸鹽界面活性劑及烷基醚磺基琥珀酸鹽界面活性劑之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:來自Rhodia,Inc.之磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑,或是月桂醇聚醚磺基琥珀酸二鈉。
硫酸鹽界面活性劑可包括但不限於:脂肪酸或油之硫酸鹽,諸如十二基硫酸鈉(SDS)、乙氧基化烷基酚之硫酸鹽、醇類之硫酸鹽、乙氧基化醇類之硫酸鈉、脂肪酸酯類之硫酸鈉,或是烷基醚磺酸鹽。
磷酸鹽界面活性劑可包括但不限於:單烷基磷酸鹽界面活性劑;單烷基醚磷酸鹽界面活性劑;二烷基磷酸鹽界面活性劑;二烷基醚磷酸鹽界面活性劑;或是烷氧基化三苯乙烯基酚磷酸鹽,諸如來自於Rhodia,Inc.之乙氧基化三苯乙烯基酚磷酸鉀鹽SOPROPHOR® FLK界面活性劑。
羧酸鹽界面活性劑可包括但不限於:烷基羧酸鹽界面活性劑,諸如月桂醇聚醚羧酸鹽;烷基醚羧酸鹽界面
活性劑;聚羧酸鹽界面活性劑,諸如來自於Akzo Nobel N.V.之AGRILAN® 755界面活性劑,其為與PEG甲基丙烯酸鏈之親水性梳形聚合物;聚羧酸鈉,來自於Rhodia,Inc.之GEROPON® T/36界面活性劑;烷基羧酸化醇;烷基酚乙氧化物;麩胺酸鹽,諸如N-椰油醯基L-麩胺酸鈉;或是肌胺酸鹽,諸如月桂基肌胺酸鈉。
木質磺酸鹽界面活性劑可包括但不限於:木質磺酸鈉,諸如來自於MeadWestvaco股份有限公司之POLYFON® H、POLYFON® O、POLYFON® T,以及POLYFON® F。
該殺蟲組成物可以包括一種溶劑。適合的溶劑之非限制性的實例可以包括但不限於:丙酮與其他酮類、醇類、酯類、芳族烴類、脂族烴類、醚類、水,或是其等之混合物。
該殺蟲組成物可進一步包括至少一種惰性成分。該選擇性惰性成分可以為殺蟲調配物技藝中通常使用的任何材料,尤其是如“McCutcheon’s Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual,”MC Publishing Corp.,Ridgewood,New Jersey,1998內以及於“Encyclopedia of Surfactants,”Vol.I-III,Chemical Publishing Co.,New York,1980-81,內所述者。
在一些具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可進一步包括至少一種添加劑,其允許該殺蟲組成物成為所需濃度及適宜形式,容許方便施用及處理,提供輸送與儲存期間之方便及穩定性,及/或提供提升的殺蟲活性。作為非限制性的實
例,添加劑可包括但不限於:消泡劑、抗氧化劑、分散劑、增稠劑、防腐劑、pH緩衝劑、防凍劑,或是稀釋劑。
可以使用任何已知的消泡劑。消泡劑之非限制性的實例可以包括但不限於:二烷基聚矽氧烷(譬如,二甲基聚矽氧烷)、烴油、四甲基癸炔二醇(tetramethydecynediol),或是二甲基辛炔二醇。
抗氧化劑之非限制性的實例可以包括但不限於:烷基酚(譬如,二丁基羥基甲苯及大茴香醚)、五倍子酸烷酯、抗壞血酸,或是生育酚。
舉例來說但不限於,分散劑可以包括但不限於:烷基萘磺酸酯縮合物及木質磺酸鹽之摻合物,諸如市場上可從Akzo Nobel N.V.買到之MORWET® D-360粉末。
可以使用任何已知的增稠劑。增稠劑之非限制性的實例可以包括但不限於:微晶型纖維素凝劑,諸如來自FMC股份有限公司(Philadelphia,PA)之AVICEL® CL 611增稠劑,或是有機膠,諸如來自CP Kelco U.S.,Inc.(Atlanta,GA)之KELZAN® S三仙膠,或是二者。
該殺蟲組成物可以選擇性地包括至少一種防腐劑。作為非限制性的實例,防腐劑可以為一種1,2-苯異噻唑啉-3-酮水溶液,諸如來自Arch UK Biocides Limited(England)之PROXEL® GXL防腐劑。
pH緩衝劑之非限制性的實例可以包括但不限於:弱酸及其共軛鹼之水溶液,或是弱鹼及其共軛酸之水溶液,譬如舉例而言,檸檬酸、抗壞血酸、磷酸鉀或磷酸鈉。緩
衝劑溶液可以調配成使該殺蟲組成物保持在所欲的大約2至大約6之pH,特別是大約2至大約4之pH。
適合的防凍劑可以包括,但是不限於丙二醇、乙二醇及甘油,或是其等之混合物。
於一些具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可以進一步包括一種輔助的界面活性劑,以提升該殺蟲組成物之沈積、濕潤及/或穿透至靶定的土壤、作物,或是生物體上。此等選擇性輔助界面活性劑可以於該殺蟲組成物之製備期間,使用作為該殺蟲組成物的一種組分。任擇地,此等選擇性輔助界面活性劑可以於該殺蟲組成物製備之後,與該殺蟲組成物混合(例如桶混)。輔助界面活性劑的量以水的噴灑體積為基準,可以從大約0.01體積%變化至大約1體積%,較佳從大約0.05體積%至大約0.5體積%。合適的輔助界面活性劑可以包括但不限於:乙氧基化的壬基酚、乙氧基化合成或天然的醇類、酯類或磺基琥珀酸之鹽類、乙氧基化有機聚矽氧、乙氧基化物脂肪胺類,或是有礦物油或蔬菜油之界面活性劑的摻合物。
該殺蟲組成物之製備可以藉由將至少一種陰離子性界面活性劑及一種AIGA化合物,以預定重量比之陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物,於至少一種溶劑內混合而形成一種基本調配物。繼而,可以將其他的成分與基本調配物混合而形成該殺蟲組成物。任擇地,該殺蟲組成物之製備可以藉由將至少一種陰離子性界面活性劑、一種AIGA化合物及其他的成分於至少一種溶劑內混合。
在一特定具體例中,該殺蟲組成物之製備係藉由首先生產一種氟啶蟲胺腈濃度為240g/L或500g/kg之氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物,然後將至少一種陰離子性界面活性劑與該氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物混合(例如桶混)來進行。
因此,在一些具體例中,一種製備該殺蟲組成物之方法包含混合至少一種陰離子性界面活性劑與一種氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物,其中該氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物之氟啶蟲胺腈濃度為240g/L或500g/kg。
本揭示亦設想一種控制害蟲的方法。該方法包含施用殺蟲有效量的該殺蟲組成物至下列之至少一處:土壤、植物種子、植物的一部份,以及希望控制害蟲之所在地。
另外,本揭示亦設想一種控制於植物的頂部上吸食汁液(sap-feeding)的昆蟲之方法,其係藉由將該殺蟲組成物施用至該植物的根部系統附近的土壤。該殺蟲組成物可使用任何適合的方法來施用至土壤,該方法確保該殺蟲組成物穿透至土壤內。此等施用之非限制性的實例可以包括但不限於:育苗盤施用、條施、土壤澆灌、土壤注入、滴灌,或經由灑水器或中央樞軸來施用。
再者,本揭示設想一種控制害蟲的方法,其包含施用該殺蟲組成物至土壤。當將該殺蟲組成物施用至土壤,植物的根部可從土壤吸收該殺蟲組成物,且將其送至植物之葉子部分,以控制食用根與莖之害蟲,例如但不限於,地面上部嚼食之害蟲與取食汁液之害蟲。
再者,本揭示設想一種控制害蟲的方法,其包含
施用該殺蟲組成物至植物的一部份。作為非限制性的實例,食葉昆蟲之控制可以藉由滴灌或條施,藉由以例如種植前或種植後之土壤澆灌而處理土壤,或藉由種植前用該殺蟲組成物予以處理植物種子來達成。
該殺蟲組成物可以調配成各種適合使用的形式。作為非限制性的實例,該殺蟲組成物可以調配為濃縮乳劑、可乳化濃縮物、懸浮濃縮物、水溶性液體、超低體積溶液、水可分散顆粒、顆粒、凝膠、乾燥可流動及可濕性粉末、塵劑、錠劑、微膠囊、種子處理劑、餌劑或是燻蒸劑。
殺蟲組成物可以以液體調配物的形式來施用。作為非限制性的實例,該液體調配物可以包括但不限於:水溶性調配物、水可乳化調配物、水可分散調配物、油溶性調配物,或是油可分散調配物。
殺蟲組成物可以以由該殺蟲組成物的濃縮調配物所製備之含水懸浮液或乳劑的形式來施用。此等水溶性、水可分散或水可乳化調配物可以為固體(通常稱為可濕性粉末或水可分散顆粒),或是液體(通常稱為可乳化濃縮物或水性懸浮液)。
該殺蟲組成物可以以可濕性粉末的形式來施用。一種可濕性粉末,其可經壓緊以形成水可分散顆粒,可以包含該殺蟲組成物、一種載劑及選擇性地額外的界面活性劑之緊密混合物,用於促進水中之分散。載劑之非限制性的實例可以包括但不限於:鎂鋁海泡石黏土(attapulgite clay)、蒙脫石黏土(montmorillonite clay)、矽藻土
(diatomaceous earth),或是純化的矽酸鹽。作為非限制性的實例,用於促進水中分散之選擇性的界面活性劑可以包括但不限於:磺酸化木質素、縮合的萘磺酸鹽、萘磺酸鹽、烷基苯磺酸鹽、烷基硫酸鹽,或是非離子性界面活性劑,諸如烷基酚的環氧乙烷加成物。
該殺蟲組成物可以以可乳化濃縮物的形式來施用。該殺蟲組成物之可乳化濃縮物可包含,諸如每公升液體約50至約500公克之該殺蟲組成物溶解於載劑中,該載劑為水可混溶的溶劑或水不混溶的有機溶劑及乳化劑之混合物。有用的有機溶劑之非限制性的實例可以包括但不限於:芳族類,諸如二甲苯類;石油分餾物,諸如高沸點萘;石油的烯烴部分,諸如重芳族石油腦;萜烯溶劑,諸如松香衍生物;脂族酮類,諸如環己酮;以及複合醇類,諸如2-乙氧基乙醇。用於可乳化性濃縮液之適宜乳化劑可以選自習用的陰離子性及非離子性界面活性劑。
該殺蟲組成物可以以水可分散調配物的形式來施用。水可分散調配物可以包含一種非水溶性殺蟲組成物的懸浮液,其係以在約5重量%至約50重量%範圍內之濃度分散在水性載劑中。分散液可以藉由以下方式製備:精細研磨該殺蟲組成物並將其劇烈混合至載劑中,該載劑包含水及界面活性劑。亦可添加諸如無機鹽及合成膠或天然膠之成分,來增加水性載劑之密度及黏度。通常最有效的為藉由在一種儀器,諸如砂磨機、球磨機或活塞型均質器,之內製備水性混合物並對其進行均質化來同時研磨及混合
該殺蟲組成物。
該殺蟲組成物可以以顆粒調配物的形式來施用。一種顆粒調配物可以包含以該顆粒調配物之總重量為基準,約0.5重量%至約10重量%之殺蟲組成物。該殺蟲組成物可分散在惰性載劑中,該載劑係由完全或大部分粗略分割的惰性材料組成,諸如鎂鋁海泡石、蒙脫石、矽藻土、黏土,或類似的不昂貴物質。於一些具體例中,一種顆粒調配物可以藉由將該殺蟲組成物稀釋於適合的溶劑中並將其施用至顆粒載劑上,該顆粒載劑已經預成形為適當粒徑,在約0.5毫米(mm)至約3mm範圍內。適合的溶劑是實質或完全溶解該殺蟲組成物之溶劑。於一些具體例中,顆粒調配物可以藉由以下方式製備:將載劑、該殺蟲組成物及溶劑製成麵團或糊劑,接而將麵團或糊劑壓碎並乾燥,以得到所需的顆粒粒徑。
該殺蟲組成物可以以水可分散顆粒,或乾燥可流動調配物的形式來施用。一種水可分散顆粒可以包括以該水可分散顆粒之總重量為基準,約10重量%至約70重量%之該殺蟲組成物。此水可分散顆粒可以藉由以下方式而獲得:經由混合及/或噴灑該殺蟲組成物至載劑上,且添加分散及/或潤濕劑,並且與水組合以形成一種混合物,其適合利用已知的粒化技術予以進一步加工,諸如盤式造粒、擠壓、噴霧-乾燥、流化床黏聚作用等等。
該殺蟲組成物可以以塵劑的形式來施用。於一些具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可以藉由將該殺蟲組成物與適合
之粉塵狀農業載劑緊密混合予以製備。此等粉塵狀農業載劑之非限制性的實例可以包括但不限於:高嶺黏土、經研磨火山岩及其類似物。塵劑可含有以該塵劑之總重量為基準,約1重量%至約10重量%之殺蟲組成物。於一些具體例中,塵劑可藉由以相似於以上關於顆粒段落所描述之方式,使該殺蟲組成物浸漬至載劑上而製備。
該殺蟲組成物可以以配於適當的有機溶劑中的溶液形式來施用。作為非限制性的實例,此等有機溶劑可以包括但不限於,石油或噴霧油。
在一些具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可與另一種活性調配物結合,該活性調配物包含一種或多種其他的殺昆蟲劑或殺真菌劑或除草劑,俾以更廣泛種類的害蟲、疾病及雜草得到控制。另一種活性調配物可以為調配該殺蟲組成物使用的組分之一。任擇地,另一種活性調配物可以事後添加(post-added)至該殺蟲組成物。再者,該殺蟲組成物可以與另一種活性調配物同時施用,或者與另一種活性調配物依序施用。
可有益地與該殺蟲組成物結合使用之殺昆蟲劑包括但不限於:AIGA化合物,抗生素殺昆蟲劑,諸如阿洛胺菌素(allosamidin)與蘇力菌素(thuringiensin);大環內酯類殺昆蟲劑,諸如賜諾殺(spinosad)、賜諾特(spinetoram),以及其他賜諾殺類(spinosyns),包括21-丁烯基賜諾殺及其他的衍生物;阿維菌素(avermectin)殺昆蟲劑,諸如阿巴汀(abamectin)、多拉菌素(doramectin)、因滅汀(emamectin)、
埃普立諾菌素(eprinomectin)、伊維菌素(ivermectin)與賽拉菌素(selamectin);倍脈辛(milbemycin)殺昆蟲劑,諸如拉匹麥汀(lepimectin)、密滅汀(milbemectin)、倍脈辛肟(milbemycin oxime)與莫西菌素(moxidectin);砷類殺昆蟲劑,諸如砷酸鈣、醋酸亞砷酸銅、砷酸銅、砷酸鉛、砷酸鉀與砷酸鈉;生物性殺昆蟲劑,諸如金龜子芽胞桿菌(Bacillus popilliae)、球型芽胞桿菌(B.sphaericius)、蘇力芽胞桿菌亞種阿次庫亞種(B.thuringiensis subsp.aizqwai)、蘇力芽胞桿菌庫爾斯克亞種(B.thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki)、蘇力芽胞桿菌擬步甲亞種(B.thuringiensis subsp.tenebrionis)、巴氏蠶白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)、蘋果蠹蛾顆粒病毒(Cydia pomonella granulosis virus)、花旗松毒蛾(Douglas fir tussock moth)核多角體病毒(NPV)、舞毒蛾(gypsy moth)NPV、玉米穗蟲(Helicoverpa zea)NPV、印度穀蛾(Indian meal moth)顆粒病毒、黑殭菌(Metarhizium anisopliae)、蝗蟲微孢子蟲(Nosema locustae)、玫煙色擬青黴(Paecilomyces fumosoroseus)、咖啡臀紋殻介蟲(P.lilacinus)、無色桿菌(Photorhabdus luminescens)、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)NPV、胰蛋白酶調控抑卵因子(trypsin modulating oostatic factor)、嗜線蟲致病桿菌(Xenorhabdus nematophilus),以及伯氏致病桿菌(X.bovienii);植物加入保護性殺昆蟲劑(plant incorporated protectant insecticide),諸如Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1F、Cry1A.105、Cry2Ab2、Cry3A、mir Cry3A、Cry3Bb1、Cry34、Cry35與VIP3A;植物性殺昆蟲劑,諸如毒藜鹼
(anabasine)、印苦楝子素(azadirachtin)、d-檸檬油精、尼古丁、除蟲菊精、瓜菊酯(cinerins)、瓜菊酯I、瓜菊酯II、茉酮菊素(jasmolin)I、茉酮菊素I、除蟲菊精I、除蟲菊精II、苦木(quassia)、魚藤精(rotenone)、雷雅尼亞(ryania)與沙巴藜蘆(sabadilla);胺基甲酸酯殺昆蟲劑,諸如免敵克(bendiocarb)與胺甲(carbaryl);苯并呋喃甲基胺基甲酸酯殺昆蟲劑,諸如免扶克(benfuracarb)、加保扶(carbofuran)、丁基加保扶(carbosulfan)、去丁基加保扶(decarbofuran)與呋線威(furathiocarb);二甲基胺基甲酸酯殺昆蟲劑,大滅停(dimitan)、滅蠅威(dimetilan)、水奎威(hyquincarb)與比加普(pirimicarb);肟基胺基甲酸酯殺昆蟲劑,諸如棉鈴威(alanycarb)、得滅克(aldicarb)、涕滅碸威(aldoxycarb)、佈嘉信(butocarboxim)、丁酮碸威(butoxycarboxim)、納乃得(methomyl)、戊氰威(nitrilacarb)、歐殺滅(oxamyl)、噻蟎威(tazimcarb)、肟殺威(thiocarboxime)、硫敵克(thiodicarb)與久效威(thiofanox);苯基甲基胺基甲酸酯殺昆蟲劑,諸如除害威(allyxycarb)、滅害威(aminocarb)、必克蝨(bufencarb)、畜蟲威(butacarb)、氯滅殺威(carbanolate)、除線威(cloethocarb)、大跨希(dicresyl)、二氧威(dioxacarb)、EMPC、苯蟲威(ethiofencarb)、芬賽威(fenethacarb)、丁基滅必蝨(fenobucarb)、滅必蝨(isoprocarb)、滅賜克(methiocarb)、必芬治(metolcarb)、茲克威(mexacarbate)、蜱虱威(promacyl)、普滅克(promecarb)、殘殺威(propoxur)、混滅威(trimethacarb)、XMC與滅殺威(xylylcarb);二硝基酚殺昆蟲劑,諸如消酚
(dinex)、硝丙酚(dinoprop)、戊硝酚(dinosam)及DNOC;氟素殺昆蟲劑,諸如六氟矽酸鋇、冰晶石、氟化鈉、六氟矽酸鈉與氟蟲胺(sulfluramid);甲脒殺昆蟲劑,諸如三亞蟎(amitraz)、氯苯脒(chlordimeform)、覆滅蟎(formetanate)與伐蟲脒(formparanate);燻蒸劑殺昆蟲劑,諸如丙烯腈、二硫化碳、四氯化碳、氯仿、氯化苦、對-二氯化苯、1,2-二氯丙烷、乙基甲酸酯、二溴乙烷、二氯乙烷、環氧乙烷、氫氰酸、碘化甲烷、溴化甲烷、甲基氯仿、二氯甲烷、萘、膦、氟化硫與四氯乙烷;無機殺昆蟲劑,諸如硼砂、多硫化鈣、油酸銅、氯化汞、硫氰酸鉀與硫氰酸鈉;幾丁質合成抑制劑,諸如雙三氟蟲脲(bistrifluron)、布芬淨(buprofezin)、氯伏隆(chlorfluazuron)、丙氨嗪(cyromazine)、二福隆(diflubenzuron)、環烷脲(flucycloxuron)、氟芬隆(flufenoxuron)、六伏隆(hexaflumuron)、祿芬隆(lufenuron)、敵草氨(novaluron)、多氟蟲酰脲(noviflumuron)、氟幼脲(penfluron)、得伏隆(teflubenzuron)與殺蟲隆(triflumuron);青春激素模擬物,諸如保幼醚(epofenonane)、芬諾克(fenoxycarb)、烯蟲乙酯(hydroprene)、烯蟲炔酯(kinoprene)、美賜平(methoprene)、百利普芬(pyriproxyfen)與烯蟲硫酯(triprene);青春激素,諸如青春激素I、青春激素II與青春激素III;蛻皮激素拮抗劑,如環蟲醯肼(chromafenozide)、氯蟲醯肼(halofenozide)、甲氧蟲醚肼(methoxyfenozide)與得芬諾(tebufenozide);蛻皮激素,諸如α-蛻皮激素(α-ecdysone)與蛻皮甾酮;蛻皮抑制劑,諸如戴芬隆
(diofenolan);早熟素類(precocenes),諸如早熟素I、早熟素II與早熟素III;未分類昆蟲生長調節劑,諸如第昔尼(dicyclanil);沙蠶毒素(nereistoxin)類似物殺昆蟲劑,諸如免速達(bensultap)、培丹(cartap)、硫賜安(thiocyclam)與殺蟲單(thiosultap);菸鹼類殺昆蟲劑,諸如氟尼胺(flonicamid);硝基胍殺昆蟲劑,諸如可尼丁(clothianidin)、達特南(dinotefuran)、益達胺(imidacloprid)及賽速安(thiamethoxam);硝基亞甲基殺昆蟲劑,諸如烯啶蟲胺(nitenpyram)與尼噻嗪(nithiazine);吡啶甲基胺殺昆蟲劑,諸如亞滅培(acetamiprid)、益達胺(imidacloprid)、烯啶蟲胺(nitenpyram)及賽果培(thiacloprid);有機氯殺昆蟲劑,諸如溴化-DDT、毒殺芬(camphechlor)、DDT、pp'-DDT、乙基-DDD、HCH、γ-HCH、林丹(lindane)、甲氧滴滴涕(methoxychlor)、五氯酚與TDE;環二烯殺昆蟲劑,諸如阿特靈(aldrin)、保滿丹(bromocyclen)、冰片丹(chlorbicyclen)、可氯丹(chlordane)、氯癸酮(chlordecone)、地特靈(dieldrin)、戴露(dilor)、安殺番(endosulfan)、安特靈(endrin)、HEOD、飛佈達(heptachlor)、HHDN、碳氯靈(isobenzan)、異艾劑(isodrin)、克來範(kelevan)與滅蟻樂(mirex);有機磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如溴硫磷(bromfenvinfos)、克芬松(chlorfenvinphos)、巴毒磷(crotoxyphos)、二氯松(dichlorvos)、雙特氯松(dicrotophos)、二甲基毒蟲畏(dimethylvinphos)、福司吡酯(fospirate)、飛達松(heptenophos)、甲氧松(methocrotophos)、美文松(mevinphos)、亞素靈(monocrotophos)、乃力松(naled)、萘
肽磷(naftalofos)、福文松(phosphamidon)、丙蟲磷(propaphos)、TEPP與滅大松(tetrachlorvinphos);有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如蔬果磷(dioxabenzofos)、丁苯硫磷(fosmethilan)與賽達松(phenthoate);脂肪族有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如家蠅磷(acethion)、胺吸磷(amiton)、硫線磷(cadusafos)、氯氧磷(chlorethoxyfos)、氯甲硫磷(chlormephos)、甲基滅賜松(demephion)、甲基滅賜松-O、甲基滅賜松-S、內吸磷(demeton)、內吸磷-O、內吸磷-S、甲基內吸磷、甲基內吸磷-O、甲基內吸磷-S、碸吸磷(demeton-S-methylsulphon)、二硫松(disulfoton)、愛殺松(ethion)、普伏松(ethoprophos)、PSP、異拌磷(isothioate)、馬拉松(malathion)、滅克松(methacrifos)、滅多松(oxydemeton-methyl)、異亞碸磷(oxydeprofos)、碸拌磷(oxydisulfoton)、福瑞松(phorate)、治螟靈(sulfotep)、托福松(terbufos)與硫滅松(thiometon);脂肪族醯胺有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如賽硫磷(amidithion)、果蟲磷(cyanthoate)、大滅松(dimethoate)、益硫磷(ethoate-methyl)、福木松(formothion)、滅加松(mecarbam)、歐滅松(omethoate)、飛克松(prothoate)、蘇硫磷(sophamide)以及繁米松(vamidothion);肟基有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如氯辛硫磷(chlorphoxim)、辛硫磷(phoxim)與辛硫磷-甲基;雜環有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如甲基吡啶磷(azamethiphos)、牛壁逃(coumaphos)、畜蟲磷(coumithoate)、敵殺磷(dioxathion)、因毒磷(endothion)、滅蚜松(menazon)、茂硫
磷(morphothion)、裕必松(phosalone)、白克松(pyraclofos)、必芬松(pyridaphenthion)與喹硫磷(quinothion);苯并硫基吡喃有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如大賽伏(dithicrofos)與賽伏(thicrofos);苯并三有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如乙基谷速松(azinphos-ethyl)與谷速松(azinphos-methyl);異吲哚有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如得拉松(dialifos)與益滅松(phosmet);異唑有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如加福松(isoxathion)與左拉伏(zolaprofos);吡唑嘧啶有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如氯白粉松(chlorprazophos)與白粉松(pyrazophos);吡啶有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如陶斯松(chlorpyrifos)與甲基陶斯松;嘧啶有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如丁硫松(butathiofos)、大利松(diazinon)、益多松(etrimfos)、力輪松(lirimfos)、乙基亞特松(pirimiphos-ethyl)、亞特松(pirimiphos-methyl)、嘧啶松(primidophos)、嘧硫磷(pyrimitate)與替嘧啶松(tebupirimfos);喹啉有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如拜裕松(quinalphos)與甲基拜裕松;噻二唑有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如愛打松(athidathion)、噻唑磷(lythidathion)、滅大松(methidathion)與乙噻唑磷(prothidathion);三唑有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如依殺松(isazofos)與三落松(triazophos);苯基有機硫基磷酸鹽殺昆蟲劑,諸如偶氮磷(azothoate)、溴硫磷(bromophos)、乙基溴硫磷、加芬松(carbophenothion)、必芬松(chlorthiophos)、氰戊菊酯(cyanophos)、賽滅磷(cythioate)、異氯磷(dicapthon)、除線磷(dichlofenthion)、抑他風(etaphos)、伐滅磷(famphur)、
樂乃松(fenchlorphos)、撲滅松(fenitrothion)、繁福松(fensulfothion)、芬殺松(fenthion)、乙基芬殺松、速殺硫磷(heterophos)、碘硫磷(jodfenphos)、美硫松(mesulfenfos)、巴拉松(parathion)、甲基巴拉松、芬硫磷(phenkapton)、對氯硫磷(phosnichlor)、佈飛松(profenofos)、普硫松(prothiofos)、硫丙磷(sulprofos)、亞培松(temephos)、樂乃松-3(trichlormetaphos-3)與三伏松(trifenofos);膦酸酯殺昆蟲劑,諸如布托酯(butonate)與三氯松(trichlorfon);硫代膦酸殺昆蟲劑,諸如四甲膦(mecarphon);苯基乙基硫代膦酸殺昆蟲劑,諸如大福松(fonofos)與三氯酸鹽;苯基苯硫代膦酸殺昆蟲劑,諸如施力松(cyanofenphos)、EPN與福賜松(leptophos);磷酸醯胺殺昆蟲劑,諸如育畜磷(crufomate)、芬滅松(fenamiphos)、丁硫環磷(fosthietan)、美福松(mephosfolan)、硫環磷(phosfolan)與必美松(pirimetaphos);硫代磷酸醯胺殺昆蟲劑,諸如歐沙松(acephate)、水胺硫磷(isocarbophos)、亞芬松(isofenphos)、達馬松(methamidophos)與胺丙畏(propetamphos);磷酸二醯胺殺昆蟲劑,諸如甲氟磷(dimefox)、疊氮磷(mazidox)、丙胺氟磷(mipafox)與八甲磷(schradan);二(oxadiazine)殺昆蟲劑,諸如因得克(indoxacarb);鄰苯二甲醯亞胺(phthalimide)殺昆蟲劑,諸如得拉松(dialifos)、益滅松(phosmet)與治滅寧(tetramethrin);吡唑殺昆蟲劑,諸如醋酸清(acetoprole)、乙蟲清(ethiprole)、芬普尼(fipronil)、必伏清(pyrafluprole)、必清(pyriprole)、吡蟎安(tebufenpyrad)、唑蟲醯胺(tolfenpyrad)與凡力清
(vaniliprole);擬除蟲菊酯(pyrethroid ester)殺昆蟲劑,諸如阿納寧(acrinathrin)、亞列寧(allethrin)、烯丙菊酯(bioallethrin)、燻蟲菊酯(barthrin)、畢芬寧(bifenthrin)、生乙寧(bioethanomethrin)、環戊烯菊酯(cyclethrin)、乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin)、氟氯氰菊酯(cyfluthrin)、β-賽扶寧(β-cyfluthrin)、賽洛寧(cyhalothrin)、γ-賽洛寧、λ-賽洛寧、賽滅寧(cypermethrin)、α-賽滅寧、β-賽滅寧、θ-賽滅寧、ζ-賽滅寧、賽酚寧(cyphenothrin)、地滅寧(deltamethrin)、四氟甲醚菊酯(dimefluthrin)、芐菊酯(dimethrin)、炔戊菊酯(empenthrin)、五氟苯菊酯(fenfluthrin)、吡氯氰菊酯(fenpirithrin)、芬普寧(fenpropathrin)、芬化立(fenvalerate)、氰戊菊酯(esfenvalerate)、氟氰戊菊酯(flucythrinate)、福化利(fluvalinate)、τ-福化利(fluvalinate)、抗蟲菊(furethrin)、依普寧(imiprothrin)、甲氧芐氟菊酯(metofluthrin)、百滅寧(permethrin)、氯菊酯(biopermethrin)、轉菊酯(transpermethrin)、酚丁滅蝨(phenothrin)、普亞列寧(prallethrin)、丙氟菊酯(profluthrin)、吡菊酯(pyresmethrin)、呋菊酯(resmethrin)、卡呋菊酯(bioresmethrin)、擬除蟲菊酯(cismethrin)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、甲烯菊酯(terallethrin)、胺菊酯(tetramethrin)、泰滅寧(tralomethrin)以及四氟菊酯(transfluthrin);擬除蟲菊(pyrethroid)醚殺昆蟲劑,諸如依芬寧(etofenprox)、三氟醚菊酯(flufenprox)、合芬寧(halfenprox)、丙苯烴菊酯(protrifenbute)與溴氰菊酯(silafluofen);嘧啶胺殺昆蟲劑,諸如伏芬寧(flufenerim)與畢汰芬(pyrimidifen);
吡咯殺昆蟲劑,諸如克凡派(chlorfenapyr);季酮酸殺昆蟲劑,諸如螺蟎酯(spirodiclofen)、螺甲蟎酯(spiromesifen)與螺四邁(spirotetramat);硫脲殺昆蟲劑,諸如汰芬隆(diafenthiuron);尿素殺昆蟲劑,諸如伏克隆(flucofuron)與殺克隆(sulcofuron);以及未分類殺昆蟲劑,諸如AKD-3088、氯氰碘柳胺(closantel)、克黴唑(crotamiton)、賽伏分(cyflumetofen)、E2Y45、EXD、抗蟎唑(fenazaflor)、芬殺蟎(fenazaquin)、芬噁寧(fenoxacrim)、芬普蟎(fenpyroximate)、FKI-1033、伏醯胺(flubendiamide)、HGW86、愛美松(hydramethylnon)、IKI-2002、稻瘟靈(isoprothiolane)、特蟎腈(malonoben)、美伏酮(metaflumizone)、蟲酮(metoxadiazone)、伏蟻靈(nifluridide)、NNI-9850、NNI-0101、派滅淨(pymetrozine)、畢達本(pyridaben)、啶蟲丙醚(pyridalyl)、Qcide、碘醚柳胺(rafoxanide)、雷納破(rynaxypyr)、SYJ-159、苯蟎噻(triarathene)與唑蚜威(triazamate),以及其之任一組合。
可有益地與該殺蟲組成物結合使用之殺真菌劑的非限制性實例包括但不限於:AIGA化合物、2-(硫氰酸甲基硫)-苯并噻唑、2-苯基酚、8-羥基喹啉硫酸鹽、白粉寄生孢(Ampelomyces quisqualis)、戊環唑(azaconazole)、亞托敏(azoxystrobin)、枯草桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)、本達樂(benalaxyl)、免賴得(benomyl)、苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb-isopropyl)、芐基胺基苯-硫酸(BABS)鹽類、碳酸氫鹽、聯苯、葉枯唑(bismerthiazol)、比多農(bitertanol)、
保米黴素(blasticidin-S)、硼砂(borax)、波爾多(Bordeaux)混合物、白克列(boscalid)、溴克座(bromuconazole)、布瑞莫(bupirimate)、多硫鈣、敵菌丹(captafol)、蓋普丹(captan)、貝分替(carbendazim)、萎鏽靈(carboxin)、加普胺(carpropamid)、香芹酮(carvone)、二氯甲氧苯(chloroneb)、克氯綜(chlobenthiazone)、克氯得(chlozolinate)、盾殼黴(Coniothyrium minitans)、氫氧化銅、辛酸銅、氯氧化銅、硫酸銅、三元硫酸銅(copper sulfate(tribasic))、氧化亞銅、賽座滅(cyazofamid)、環菌胺(cyclafuramid)、克絕(cymoxanil)、環克座(cyproconazole)、賽普洛(cyprodinil)、邁隆(dazomet)、咪菌威(debacarb)、二銨乙烯基雙-(二硫胺基甲酸酯)、益發靈(dichlofluanid)、二氯酚(dichlorophen)、雙氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、達滅淨(diclomezine)、大克爛(dicloran)、乙黴威(diethofencarb)、待克利(difenoconazole)、待克奎(difenzoquat ion)、二氟林(diflumetorim)、達滅芬(dimethomorph)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、達克利(diniconazole)、達克利-M、大脫蟎(dinobuton)、白粉克(dinocap)、二苯胺、腈硫醌(dithianon)、十二環啉(dodemorph)、十二環啉(dodemorph)乙酸鹽、多地辛(dodicin)、多地辛游離鹼、護粒松(edifenphos)、依普座(epoxiconazole)、噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、乙氧基喹啉(ethoxyquin)、依得利(etridiazole)、凡殺同(famoxadone)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、芬瑞莫(fenarimol)、芬克座(fenbuconazole)、甲呋醯胺(fenfuram)、環醯菌胺
(fenhexamid)、芬諾尼(fenoxanil)、拌種咯(fenpiclonil)、苯鏽啶(fenpropidin)、芬普福(fenpropimorph)、三苯錫(fentin)、三苯錫醋酸鹽、三苯錫氫氧化物、富爾邦(ferbam)、富米綜(ferimzone)、扶吉胺(fluazinam)、護汰寧(fludioxonil)、氟啉(flumorph)、氟比來(fluopicolide)、氟醯亞胺(fluoroimide)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)、護矽得(flusilazole)、氟硫滅(flusulfamide)、氟停安(flutianil)、護汰芬(flutriafol)、福爾培(folpet)、甲醛、福賽得(fosetyl)、福賽得鋁(fosetyl-aluminum)、麥穗寧(fuberidazole)、呋霜靈(furalaxyl)、福拉比(furametpyr)、雙胍辛(guazatine)、雙胍辛乙酸鹽(guazatine acetates)、GY-81、六氯苯、菲克利(hexaconazole)、殺紋寧(hymexazol)、依滅列(imazalil)、依滅列(imazalil)硫酸鹽、易胺座(imibenconazole)、克熱淨(iminoctadine)、克熱淨三醋酸鹽、克熱淨三苯磺酸鹽(iminoctadine tri(albesilate))、種菌唑(ipconazole)、丙基喜樂松(iprobenfos)、依普同(iprodione)、丙森辛(iprovalicarb)、亞賜圃(isoprothiolane)、嘉賜黴素(kasugamycin)、嘉賜黴素氯化氫水合物、克收欣(kresoxim-methyl)、代森錳銅(mancopper)、鋅錳乃浦(mancozeb)、錳乃浦(maneb)、滅派林(mepanipyrim)、滅普寧(mepronil)、氯化汞、氧化汞、氯化亞汞、滅達樂(metalaxyl)、右滅達樂(mefenoxam)、右滅達樂(metalaxyl-M)、斯美地(metam)、斯美地-銨、斯美地-鉀、斯美地-鈉、滅特座(metconazole)、滅速克(methasulfocarb)、碘化甲烷、異硫氰酸甲烷、免得爛
(metiram)、苯氧菌胺(metominostrobin)、表苯菌酮(metrafenone)、米多黴素(mildiomycin)、邁克尼(myclobutanil)、代森鈉(nabam)、酞菌酯(nitrothal-isopropyl)、尼瑞莫(nuarimol)、辛噻酮(octhilinone)、呋醯胺(ofurace)、油酸(脂肪酸)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、歐殺斯(oxadixyl)、快得寧(oxine-copper)、咪唑反丁烯二酸鹽(oxpoconazole fumarate)、嘉保信(oxycarboxin)、稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)、平克座(penconazole)、賓得克利(pencycuron)、五氯酚、五氯苯基月桂酸酯、吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、苯基醋酸汞、膦酸、熱必斯(phthalide)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、保利黴素B(polyoxin B)、保利黴素(polyoxins)、多氧黴素(polyoxorim)、碳酸氫鉀、羥基喹啉硫酸鉀、撲殺熱(probenazole)、撲克拉(prochloraz)、撲滅寧(procymidone)、普拔克(propamocarb)、普拔克鹽酸鹽(propamocarb hydrochloride)、普克利(propiconazole)、甲基鋅乃浦(propineb)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、百克敏(pyraclostrobin)、白粉松(pyrazophos)、稗草畏(pyributicarb)、比芬諾(pyrifenox)、嘧黴胺(pyrimethanil)、百快隆(pyroquilon)、滅藻醌(quinoclamine)、快諾芬(quinoxyfen)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene)、大虎杖(Reynoutria sachalinensis)萃取物、矽噻菌胺(silthiofam)、矽氟唑(simeconazole)、2-苯基苯氧鈉、碳酸氫鈉、五氯苯氧化鈉、螺環菌胺(spiroxamine)、硫、SYP-Z071、焦油(tar oils)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、四氯硝
基苯(tecnazene)、四克利(tetraconazole)、腐絕(thiabendazole)、賽氟滅(thifluzamide)、甲基多保淨(thiophanate-methyl)、福美雙(thiram)、噻醯菌胺(tiadinil)、脫克松(tolclofos-methyl)、甲基益發靈(tolylfluanid)、三泰芬(triadimefon)、三泰隆(triadimenol)、三唑氧(triazoxide)、三賽唑(tricyclazole)、三得芬(tridemorph)、三氟敏(trifloxystrobin)、賽福座(triflumizole)、賽福寧(triforine)、環菌唑(triticonazole)、井岡黴素(validamycin)、免克寧(vinclozolin)、代森鋅(zineb)、福美鋅(ziram)、苯醯菌胺(zoxamide)、橄欖念珠菌(Candida oleophila)、尖鐮孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、黏帚黴屬物種(Gliocladium spp.)、大伏革菌(Phlebiopsis gigantean)、淺灰綠鏈黴菌(Streptomyces griseoviridis)、木黴屬物種(Trichoderma spp.)、(RS)-N-(3,5-二氯苯基)-2-(甲氧基甲基)-琥珀醯胺、1,2-二氯丙烷、1,3-二氯-1,1,3,3-四氟丙酮水合物、1-氯-2,4-二硝基萘、1-氯-2-硝基丙烷、2-(2-十七烷-2-咪唑啉-1-基)乙醇、2,3-二氫-5-苯基-1,4-二-噻1,1,4,4-四氧化物、2-甲氧基乙基醋酸汞、2-甲氧基乙基氯化汞、2-甲氧基乙基矽酸汞、3-(4-氯苯基)-5-甲基羅丹寧、4-(2-硝基丙-1-烯基)苯基硫氰醯酸酯:安破松(ampropylfos)、敵菌靈(anilazine)、力西寧(azithiram)、多硫化鋇、Bayer 32394、麥鏽靈(benodanil)、醌肟腙(benquinox)、苯他隆(bentaluron)、苯瑪松(benzamacril);苯瑪松-異丁基(benzamacril-isobutyl)、本碼福(benzamorf)、樂殺蟎(binapacryl)、雙(甲基汞)硫酸鹽、雙(三丁基錫)氧化物、得滅多(buthiobate)、鎘鈣銅鋅鉻酸硫
酸鹽、嗎菌威(carbamorph)、CECA、氯苯噻酮(chlobenthiazone)、氯安弗美(chloraniformethan)、氯芬唑(chlorfenazole)、四氯喹噁啉(chlorquinox)、甘寶素(climbazole)、銅雙(3-苯基水楊酸鹽)、銅鋅鉻酸鹽、銅合浦(cufraneb)、銅肼硫酸鹽、銅浦安(cuprobam)、環氟醯胺(cyclafuramid)、氰菌靈(cypendazole)、酯菌胺(cyprofuram)、癸磷錫(decafentin)、二氯萘醌(dichlone)、菌核利(dichlozoline)、芐氯二唑醇(diclobutrazol)、甲菌定(dimethirimol)、敵菌死(dinocton)、敵磺(dinosulfon)、硝丁酯(dinoterbon)、雙吡硫翁(dipyrithione)、普得松(ditalimfos)、多地辛(dodicin)、聯胺噁唑酮(drazoxolon)、EBP、ESBP、乙環唑(etaconazole)、代森硫(etem)、乙寧(ethirim)、敵克松(fenaminosulf)、咪菌唑(fenapanil)、種依酯(fenitropan)、粉唑醇(fluotrimazole)、二假呋醯胺(furcarbanil)、呋咪唑(furconazole)、順呋咪唑、茂谷樂(furmecyclox)、呋菌隆(furophanate)、葡糖啶(glyodine)、灰黃黴素(griseofulvin)、丙烯酸喹啉酯(halacrinate)、Hercules 3944、己硫松(hexylthiofos)、ICIA0858、異潘松(isopamphos)、異凡二酮(isovaledione)、鄰醯胺(mebenil)、米卡賓(mecarbinzid)、焦所隆(metazoxolon)、呋菌胺(methfuroxam)、甲基二氰二醯胺汞、噻菌胺(metsulfovax)、代森環(milneb)、糠氯酸酐(mucochloric anhydride)、甲菌利(myclozolin)、N-3,5-二氯苯基-琥珀醯胺、N-3-硝基苯基衣康醯胺、遊鏈黴素(natamycin)、N-乙基汞-4-甲苯磺醯基苯胺、雙(二甲基二硫
胺基甲酸酯)鎳、OCH、苯基二甲基二硫基胺基甲酸酯汞、苯基硝酸汞、嘉賜米松(phosdiphen)、胺丙威(prothiocarb);胺丙威(prothiocarb)鹽酸鹽、賜家洛(pyracarbolid)、吡啶腈、氯甲氧吡啶(pyroxychlor)、甲氧吡啶(pyroxyfur)、喹啉醋酸醇(quinacetol);喹啉醋酸醇硫酸酯、醌菌腙(quinazamid)、喹糠唑(quinconazole)、雷苯唑(rabenzazole)、水楊酸苯胺、SSF-109、戊苯碸(sultropen)、特克寧(tecoram)、噻噠氟(thiadifluor)、噻菌腈(thicyofen)、硫氟芬(thiochlorfenphim)、多保淨(thiophanate)、克殺蟎(thioquinox)、替係米(tioxymid)、威菌靈(triamiphos)、嘧菌醇(triarimol)、三丁替(triazbutil)、水楊菌胺(trichlamide)、爾伯昔(urbacid)、XRD-563,與氰菌胺(zarilamid),以及其之任一組合。
可以與該殺蟲組成物結合使用之除草劑包括但不限於:醯胺類除草劑,諸如草毒死(allidochlor)、氟丁醯草胺(beflubutamid)、苯甲醯胺氧乙酸(benzadox)、苄草胺(benzipram)、溴芬諾(bromobutide)、唑草胺(cafenstrole)、CDEA、草克樂(chlorthiamid)、三環噻草胺(cyprazole)、汰草滅(dimethenamid)、汰草滅-P、大芬滅(diphenamid)、三唑磺(epronaz)、乙胺草醚(etnipromid)、四唑醯草胺(fentrazamide)、氟胺草唑(flupoxam)、氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)、鹵殺芬(halosafen)、丁咪醯胺(isocarbamid)、異草胺(isoxaben)、滅落脫(napropamide)、納得爛(naptalam)、烯草胺(pethoxamid)、戊炔草胺(propyzamide)、氯藻胺(quinonamid)與牧草胺(tebutam);苯胺除草劑,諸如
丁醯草胺(chloranocryl)、順苯胺、克普草(clomeprop)、環草胺(cypromid)、吡氟草胺(diflufenican)、乙氧本草胺(etobenzanid)、醯苯磺威(fenasulam)、氟噻草胺(flufenacet)、弗芬肯(flufenican)、滅芬草(mefenacet)、氟磺醯草胺(mefluidide)、唑醯草胺(metamifop)、庚醯草胺(monalide)、萘丙胺(naproanilide)、甲氯醯草胺(pentanochlor)、氟吡醯草胺(picolinafen)與除草寧(propanil);芳基丙胺酸除草劑,諸如新燕靈(benzoylprop)、麥草氟酯(flamprop)、麥草氟酯-M(flamprop-M);氯乙醯苯胺除草劑如乙草胺(acetochlor)、拉草(alachlor)、丁基拉草(butachlor)、丁烯草胺(butenachlor)、異丁草胺(delachlor)、乙醯甲草胺(diethatyl)、二甲草胺(dimethachlor)、滅草胺(metazachlor)、莫多草(metolachlor)、左旋莫多草(S-metolachlor)、普拉草(pretilachlor)、雷蒙得(propachlor)、異丙草胺(propisochlor)、丙炔草胺(prynachlor)、特丁草胺(terbuchlor)、欣克草(thenylchlor)與二甲本草胺(xylachlor);磺基苯胺除草劑,諸如氟草黃(benzofluor)、苯氟磺安(perfluidone)、吡嘧蘇芬(pyrimisulfan)與氟唑草胺(profluazol);磺醯胺除草劑,諸如磺草靈(asulam)、除草隆(carbasulam)、醯苯磺威(fenasulam)與歐拉靈(oryzalin);抗生素除草劑如畢拉草(bilanafos);苯甲酸除草劑,諸如克爛本(chloramben)、汰克草(dicamba)、2,3,6-TBA與殺草畏(tricamba);嘧啶氧基苯甲酸除草劑,諸如雙草醚(bispyribac)與嘧草醚(pyriminobac);嘧啶基硫基苯甲酸除草劑,諸如嘧硫草醚(pyrithiobac);酞酸除草劑如大克草(chlorthal);
2-吡啶甲酸除草劑,諸如氯胺基吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、畢克草(clopyralid)與畢克爛(picloram);喹啉羧酸除草劑,諸如快克草(quinclorac)與氯甲喹啉酸(quinmerac);砷類除草劑,諸如二甲基砷酸、CMA、DSMA、六氟酸鹽、MAA、MAMA、MSMA、亞砷酸鉀與亞砷酸鈉;苯醯基環己烷二酮除草劑,諸如硝磺草酮(mesotrione)、磺草酮(sulcotrione)、特呋三酮(tefuryltrione)與環磺酮(tembotrione);苯并呋喃烷基磺酸鹽除草劑,諸如呋草黃(benfuresate)與益覆滅(ethofumesate);胺基甲酸酯除草劑,諸如磺草靈(asulam)、羧酸唑(carboxazole)、氯普卡(chlorprocarb)、苄胺靈(dichlormate)、醯苯磺威(fenasulam)、特胺靈(karbutilate)與特草靈(terbucarb);苯胺甲酸(carbanilate)除草劑,諸如燕麥靈(barban)、BCPC、除草隆(carbasulam)、雙醯草胺(carbetamide)、CEPC、氯草靈(chlorbufam)、氯普芬(chlorpropham)、CPPC、甜菜安(desmedipham)、棉胺寧(phenisopham)、甜菜寧(phenmedipham)、乙基甜菜寧、苯胺靈(propham)與滅草靈(swep);環己烯肟除草劑,諸如亞汰草(alloxydim)、丁本草酮(butroxydim)、剋草同(clethodim)、環丁烯草酮(cloproxydim)、環殺草(cycloxydim)、氯苯噻草酮(profoxydim)、西殺草(sethoxydim)、得殺草(tepraloxydim)與三甲苯草酮(tralkoxydim);環丙基異唑除草劑,諸如異氯草酮(isoxachlortole)與異唑草酮(isoxaflutole);二羧亞醯胺除草劑,諸如雙苯嘧啶酮(benzfendizone)、乙基環醯草酯(cinidon-ethyl)、氟每淨(flumezin)、氟烯草酸
(flumiclorac)、丙炔氟草胺(flumioxazin)與炔草胺(flumipropyn);二硝基苯胺除草劑,諸如氟草胺(benfluralin)、比達寧(butralin)、撻乃安(dinitramine)、乙丁烯氟靈(ethalfluralin)、氟消草(fluchloralin)、異丙樂靈(isopropalin)、甲基丙樂靈(methalpropalin)、滅殺草(nitralin)、歐拉靈(oryzalin)、施得圃(pendimethalin)、氨氟樂靈(prodiamine)、環丙氟靈(profluralin)與三福林(trifluralin);二硝基酚除草劑,諸如地樂特(dinofenate)、硝丙酚(dinoprop)、戊硝酚(dinosam)、達諾殺(dinoseb)、特樂酚(dinoterb)、DNOC、硝草酚(etinofen)與地樂施(medinoterb);二苯基醚除草劑如氯氟草醚(ethoxyfen);硝基苯基醚除草劑,諸如亞喜芬(acifluorfen)、苯草醚(aclonifen)、必芬諾(bifenox)、甲氧基護谷(chlomethoxyfen)、全滅草(chlornitrofen)、乙胺草醚(etnipromid)、三氟硝草醚(fluorodifen)、乙羧氟草醚(fluoroglycofen)、氟除草醚(fluoronitrofen)、氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)、呋氧草醚(furyloxyfen)、鹵殺芬(halosafen)、乳氟禾草靈(lactofen)、護谷(nitrofen)、三氟甲草醚(nitrofluorfen)與復祿芬(oxyfluorfen);二硫基胺基甲酸酯除草劑,諸如邁隆(dazomet)與斯美地(metam);鹵化脂肪族除草劑,諸如亞羅列克(alorac)、三氯丙酸(chloropon)、得拉本(dalapon)、氟丙酸(flupropanate)、六氯丙酮、碘甲烷、溴化甲烷、單氯醋酸、SMA與TCA;咪唑啉酮除草劑,諸如咪草酸(imazamethabenz)、甲氧咪草煙(imazamox)、甲咪唑烟酸(imazapic)、依滅草(imazapyr)、滅草喹(imazaquin)
與咪唑乙煙酸(imazethapyr);無機除草劑,諸如胺基磺酸銨、硼砂、氯酸鈣、硫酸銅、硫酸鐵、疊氮鉀、氰酸鉀、疊氮鈉、氯酸鈉與硫酸;腈類除草劑,諸如糠草腈(bromobonil)、溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、羥敵草腈(chloroxynil)、二氯苯腈(dichlobenil)、碘普尼(iodobonil)、碘苯腈(ioxynil)與雙唑草腈(pyraclonil);有機磷除草劑,諸如甲基胺草磷(amiprofos-methyl)、莎稗磷(anilofos)、地散磷(bensulide)、畢拉草(bilanafos)、抑草磷(butamifos)、2,4-DEP、DMPA、EBEP、調節膦(fosamine)、草銨膦(glufosinate)、嘉磷塞(glyphosate)與哌草磷(piperophos);苯氧基除草劑,諸如溴酚肟(bromofenoxim)、克普草(clomeprop)、2,4-DEB、2,4-DEP、戊味禾草靈(difenopenten)、賽松(disul)、抑草蓬(erbon)、乙胺草醚(etnipromid)、氯苯氧乙醇(fenteracol)與三氟禾草肟(trifopsime);苯氧基醋酸除草劑,諸如4-CPA、2,4-D、3,4-DA、MCPA、MCPA-硫基乙基與2,4,5-T;苯氧基丁酸基除草劑,諸如4-CPB、2,4-DB、3,4-DB、MCPB與2,4,5-TB;苯氧基丙酸基除草劑,諸如調果酸(cloprop)、4-CPP、2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、2,4-滴丙酸-P、3,4-DP、2,4,5-涕丙酸(fenoprop)、2-甲-4-氯丙酸(mecoprop)與2-甲-4-氯丙酸-P(mecoprop-P);芳氧基苯氧基丙酸除草劑,諸如炔禾靈(chlorazifop)、炔草酯(clodinafop)、2-[4-(4-氯苯氧基)苯氧基]丙酸(clofop)、賽伏草(cyhalofop)、禾草靈(diclofop)、芬殺草(fenoxaprop)、芬殺草-P、噻唑禾草靈(fenthiaprop)、伏寄普(fluazifop)、伏寄普-P、合氯氟(haloxyfop)、合氯氟
-P、異草醚(isoxapyrifop)、唑醯草胺(metamifop)、普拔草(propaquizafop)、快伏草(quizalofop)、快伏草-P與三氟苯氧丙酸(trifop);苯烯基二胺除草劑,諸如撻乃安(dinitramine)與氨氟樂靈(prodiamine);吡唑基除草劑,諸如吡草酮(benzofenap)、芐草唑(pyrazolynate)、磺醯草吡唑(pyrasulfotole)、普芬草(pyrazoxyfen)、吡唑碸(pyroxasulfone)與吡草磺(topramezone);吡唑基苯基(pyrazolyiplpiethyl)除草劑,諸如異丙吡草酯(fluazolate)與派芬草(pyraflufen);吡啶胺(pyridamine)除草劑,諸如必滅草(credazine)、噠草福(pyridafol)與必汰草(pyridate);噠嗪酮(pyridazitiotte)除草劑,諸如殺莠敏(brompyrazon)、氯草敏(chloridazon)、草噠酮(dimidazon)、氟噠草酯(flufenpyr)、二甲噠草伏(metflurazon)、氟草敏(norflurazon)、草噠松(oxapyrazon)與吡達農(pydanon);吡啶除草劑,諸如氯胺基吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、氯碘吡啶酯(cliodinate)、畢克草(clopyralid)、汰硫草(dithiopyr)、氟氯比(fluroxypyr)、氟啶草(haloxydine)、畢克爛(picloram)、氟吡醯草胺(picolinafen)、氯草定(pyriclor)、噻草啶(thiazopyr)與三氯比(triclopyr);嘧啶二胺除草劑,諸如丙草定(iprymidam)與啼草胺(tioclorim);四級銨除草劑,諸如牧草快(cyperquat)、二依馬(diethamquat)、野燕枯(difenzoquat)、大刈特(diquat)、伐草快(morfamquat)與巴拉刈(paraquat);硫基胺基甲酸酯除草劑,諸如丁酸鹽(butylate)、環草特(cycloate)、燕麥敵(di-allate)、EPTC、禾草畏(esprocarb)、硫草敵(ethiolate)、
氮蕈草(isopolinate)、甲硫苯威(methiobencarb)、稻得壯(molinate)、坪草丹(orbencarb)、克草猛(pebulate)、芐草丹(prosulfocarb)、稗草畏(pyributicarb)、草克死(sulfallate)、殺丹(thiobencarb)、仲草丹(tiocarbazil)、燕麥畏(tri-allate)與萬隆(vernolate);硫基碳酸除草劑,諸如草滅散(dimexano)、EXD與撲滅生(proxan);硫脲除草劑如滅草恆(methiuron);三除草劑,諸如殺草淨(dipropetryn)、三氟草胺(triaziflam)與三羥基三;氯三除草劑,諸如草脫淨(atrazine)、可樂津(chlorazine)、氰乃淨(cyanazine)、環丙津(cyprazine)、甘草津(eglinazine)、抑草津(ipazine)、滅莠津(mesoprazine)、環丙腈津(procyazine)、丙草止津(proglinazine)、普拔根(propazine)、另丁津(sebuthylazine)、草滅淨(simazine)、特丁津(terbuthylazine)與草達津(trietazine);甲氧基三除草劑,諸如阿特拉通(atraton)、醚草通(methometon)、撲滅通(prometon)、仲丁通(secbumeton)、西瑪通(simeton)與特丁通(terbumeton);甲基硫基三除草劑,諸如草殺淨(ametryn)、滅蘇民(aziprotryne)、氰草淨(cyanatryn)、敵草淨(desmetryn)、異戊乙淨(dimethametryn)、格草淨(methoprotryne)、佈滅淨(prometryn)、西草淨(simetryn)與特丁淨(terbutryn);三酮除草劑,諸如特津酮(ametridione)、特草嗪酮(amibuzin)、菲殺淨(hexazinone)、丁草酮(isomethiozin)、苯草酮(metamitron)與滅必淨(metribuzin);三唑除草劑,諸如殺草強(amitrole)、唑草胺(cafenstrole)、磺唑草(epronaz)與氟胺
草唑(flupoxam);三唑酮除草劑,諸如胺唑草酮(amicarbazone)、醯苯草酮(bencarbazone)、克繁草(carfentrazone)、氟酮磺隆(flucarbazone)、丙苯磺隆(propoxycarbazone)、氟磺唑草胺(sulfentrazone)與甲基酮脲磺草吩酯(thiencarbazone-methyl);三唑酮嘧啶除草劑,諸如氯酯磺草胺(cloransulam)、雙氯磺草胺(diclosulam)、雙氟磺草胺(florasulam)、唑嘧磺草胺(flumetsulam)、磺草唑胺(metosulam)、平速爛(penoxsulam)與甲氧磺草胺(pyroxsulam);脲嘧啶除草劑,諸如布芬草(butafenacil)、克草(bromacil)、氟異丙嘧草酯(flupropacil)、異草定(isocil)、環草定(lenacil)與特草定(terbacil);3-苯基脲嘧啶;尿素除草劑,諸如苯噻隆(benzthiazuron)、草隆(cumyluron)、環莠隆(cycluron)、氯全隆(dichloralurea)、氟吡草腙(diflufenzopyr)、異草完隆(isonoruron)、愛速隆(isouron)、甲基苯噻隆(methabenzthiazuron)、莫尼速隆(monisouron)與草完隆(noruron);苯基尿素除草劑,諸如疏草隆(anisuron)、炔草隆(buturon)、滅落寧(chlorbromuron)、氯特龍(chloreturon)、氯麥隆(chlorotoluron)、枯草隆(chloroxuron)、汰草龍(daimuron)、枯莠隆(difenoxuron)、唑隆(dimefuron)、達有龍(diuron)、非草隆(fenuron)、可奪草(fluometuron)、殺克丹(fluothiuron)、異丙隆(isoproturon)、理有龍(linuron)、滅草恆(methiuron)、甲基殺草隆(methyldymron)、吡喃隆(metobenzuron)、撲奪草(metobromuron)、甲氧隆(metoxuron)、綠谷龍(monolinuron)、滅草隆(monuron)、草不龍(neburon)、
對氟隆(parafluron)、醯草隆(phenobenzuron)、環草隆(siduron)、四氟隆(tetrafluron)與噻苯隆(thidiazuron);嘧啶磺基尿素除草劑,諸如醯嘧磺隆(amidosulfuron)、四唑嘧磺隆(azimsulfuron)、免速隆(bensulfuron)、氯嘧磺隆(chlorimuron)、環磺隆(cyclosulfamuron)、亞速隆(ethoxysulfuron)、伏速隆(flazasulfuron)、氟吡磺隆(flucetosulfuron)、氟啶嘧磺隆(flupyrsulfuron)、甲醯胺磺隆(foramsulfuron)、合速隆(halosulfuron)、依速隆(imazosulfuron)、磺胺磺隆(mesosulfuron)、煙嘧磺隆(nicosulfuron)、嘧苯胺磺隆(orthosulfamuron)、環氧嘧磺隆(oxasulfuron)、氟嘧磺隆(primisulfuron)、百速隆(pyrazosulfuron)、碸嘧磺隆(rimsulfuron)、嘧磺隆(sulfometuron)、磺醯磺隆(sulfosulfuron)與三氟啶磺隆(trifloxysulfuron);三磺基尿素除草劑,諸如氯磺隆(chlorsulfuron)、西速隆(cinosulfuron)、胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron)、碘磺隆(iodosulfuron)、磺隆(metsulfuron)、三氟丙磺隆(prosulfuron)、噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron)、醚苯磺隆(triasulfuron)、苯磺隆(tribenuron)、氟胺磺隆(triflusulfuron)與三氟甲磺隆(tritosulfuron);噻二唑基尿素除草劑,諸如丁噻隆(buthiuron)、磺噻隆(ethidimuron)、得匍隆(tebuthiuron)、噻氟隆(thiazafluron)與噻苯隆(thidiazuron);以及未分類除草劑,諸如丙烯醛(acrolein)、烯丙醇、草芬定(azafenidin)、草除靈(benazolin)、本達隆(bentazone)、苯并雙環酮(benzobicyclon)、丁硫咪唑酮
(buthidazole)、氰醯胺鈣、卡苯二氯(cambendichlor)、伐草克(chlorfenac)、燕麥酯(chlorfenprop)、氟咪殺(chlorflurazole)、整形醇(chlorflurenol)、環庚草醚(cinmethylin)、可滅蹤(clomazone)、CPMF、甲酚(cresol)、鄰-二氯苯、哌草丹(dimepiperate)、草多索(endothal)、唑啶草(fluoromidine)、氟啶草酮(fluridone)、氟咯草酮(flurochloridone)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、氟噻草酯(fluthiacet)、茚草酮(indanofan)、滅草啶(methazole)、異硫氰酸甲酯、吡氯草胺(nipyraclofen)、OCH、丙炔草酮(oxadiargyl)、樂滅草(oxadiazon)、草酮(oxaziclomefone)、五氯酚、環戊草酮(pentoxazone)、苯基醋酸汞、唑啉草酯(pinoxaden)、甲硫磺樂靈(prosulfalin)、嘧啶肟草醚(pyribenzoxim)、環酯草醚(pyriftalid)、滅藻醌(quinoclamine)、硫氰苯胺(rhodethanil)、蘇葡卡賓(sulglycapin)、噻二唑草胺(thidiazimin)、滅草環(tridiphane)、三甲隆(trimeturon)、三丙丹(tripropindan)與草達克(tritac)。
該殺蟲組成物可用來控制各種害蟲。
在一特定的具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制圓形動物門(Phyla Nematoda)及/或節肢動物門(Arthropoda)之害蟲。在另一個具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制螯肢動物亞門(Subphyla Chelicerata)、多足亞門(Myriapoda),及/或六足亞門(Hexapoda)之害蟲。於再另一個具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制蛛形綱(Arachnida)、綜合綱(Symphyla)及/或昆蟲綱(Insecta)之害蟲。於替代的具體例中,
該殺蟲組成物可用於控制同翅目(Order Homoptera)之害蟲。
在另一具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制虱目(Order Anoplura)之害蟲。屬之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:血虱屬(Haematopinus spp.)、甲脅虱屬(Hoplopleura spp.)、顎虱屬(Linognathus spp.)、虱屬(Pediculus spp.)及鱗虱屬(Polyplax spp.)。物種之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:驢血虱(Haematopinus asini)、豬血虱(Haematopinus suis)、毛虱(Linognathus setosus)、綿羊顎虱(Linognathus ovillus)、人頭蝨(Pediculus humanus capitis)、人體虱(Pediculus humanus humanus)及陰虱(Pthirus pubis)。
於再另一個具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制鞘翅目(Order Coleoptera)之害蟲。屬之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:豆象屬(Acanthoscelides spp.)、叩頭蟲屬(Agriotes spp.)、花象屬(Anthonomus spp.)、梨象屬(Apion spp.)、金龜屬(Apogonia spp.)、守瓜屬(Aulacophora spp.)、豆象蟲屬(Bruchus spp.)、天牛屬(Cerosterna spp.)、豆葉甲蟲屬(Cerotoma spp.)、龜象屬(Ceutorhynchus spp.)、跳甲屬(Chaetocnema spp.)、肖葉甲蟲屬(Colaspis spp.)、金針蟲屬(Ctenicera spp.)、象鼻蟲屬(Curculio spp.)、圓頭犀金龜屬(Cyclocephala spp.)、葉甲屬(Diabrotica spp.)、葉象屬(Hypera spp.)、齒小蠹屬(Ips spp.)、粉蠹屬(Lyctus spp.)、美洲葉甲屬(Megascelis spp.)、露尾甲屬(Meligethes spp.)、耳象屬(Otiorhynchus spp.)、短喙象屬(Pantomorus spp.)、鰓
角金龜屬(Phyllophaga spp.)、菜葉蚤屬(Phyllotreta spp.)、根觸金龜屬(Rhizotrogus spp.)、虎象屬(Rhynchites spp.)、大象鼻蟲屬(Rhynchophorus spp.)、小蠹屬(Scolytus spp.)、禾象鼻蟲屬(Sphenophorus spp.)、米象屬(Sitophilus spp.)及擬穀盜屬(Tribolium spp.)。物種之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:菜豆象(Acanthoscelides obtectus)、白蠟窄吉丁(Agrilus planipennis)、光肩星天牛(Anoplophora glabripennis)、棉鈴象蟲(Anthonomus grandis)、黑絨金龜(Ataenius spretulus)、甜菜隱食甲蟲(Atomaria linearis)、甜菜象(Bothynoderes punctiventris)、豌豆象(Bruchus pisorum)、四紋豆象(Callosobruchus maculatus)、黃斑露尾甲(Carpophilus hemipterus)、甜菜龜甲(Cassida vittata)、豆葉甲(Cerotoma trifurcata)、白菜籽龜象(Ceutorhynchus assimilis)、芫菁龜象(Ceutorhynchus napi)、梯斑叩頭蟲(Conoderus scalaris)、多斑叩頭蟲(Conoderus stigmosus)、李象鼻蟲(Conotrachelus nenuphar)、綠花金龜(Cotinis nitida)、天門冬金花蟲(Crioceris asparagi)、鏽赤扁穀盜(Cryptolestes ferrugineus)、長角扁穀盜(Cryptolestes pusillus)、土耳其扁穀盜(Cryptolestes turcicus)、密點細枝象蟲(Cylindrocopturus adspersus)、芒果切葉象甲(Deporaus marginatus)、火腿皮蠹(Dermestes lardarius)、白腹皮蠹(Dermestes maculatus)、墨西哥豆瓢蟲(Epilachna varivestis)、蛀莖象甲(Faustinus cubae)、蒼白樹皮象(Hylobius pales)、紫苜蓿葉象(Hypera postica)、咖啡果小蠹(Hypothenemus hampei)、菸草甲
(Lasioderma serricorne)、馬鈴薯甲蟲(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)、麗金龜(Liogenys fuscus)、條紋金龜(Liogenys suturalis)、水稻水象鼻蟲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)、Maecolaspis joliveti、玉米叩甲(Melanotus communis)、油菜露尾甲(Meligethes aeneus)、大栗鰓角金龜(Melolontha melolontha)、梯頂天牛(Oberea brevis)、線形筒天牛(Oberea linearis)、椰子犀角金龜(Oryctes rhinoceros)、貿易榖盜扁蟲(Oryzaephilus mercator)、鋸胸粉扁蟲(Oryzaephilus surinamensis)、黑角負泥蟲(Oulema melanopus)、水稻負泥蟲(Oulema oryzae)、金龜子(Phyllophaga cuyabana)、日本麗金龜(Popillia japonica)、大穀蠹(Prostephanus truncatus)、穀蠹(Rhyzopertha dominica)、條紋根瘤象甲(Sitona lineatus)、穀象(Sitophilus granarius)、米象(Sitophilus oryzae)、玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais)、藥材甲(Stegobium paniceum)、擬穀盜(Tribolium castaneum)、雜擬穀盜(Tribolium confusum)、花斑皮蠹(Trogoderma variabile)及玉米距步甲蟲(Zabrus tenebrioides)。
於一任擇的具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制革翅目(Order Dermaptera)之害蟲。
在另一個具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制蜚蠊目(Order Blattaria)之害蟲。物種之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:德國姬蠊(Blattella germanica)、東方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis)、賓西法尼亞木蠊(Parcoblatta pennsylvanica)、美洲家蠊(Periplaneta americana)、澳洲家蠊(Periplaneta australasiae)、棕色家蠊(Periplaneta brunnea)、黑褐家蠊(Periplaneta fuliginosa)、蔗綠蜚蠊(Pycnoscelus surinamensis)及長鬚帶蠊(Supella longipalpa)。
於再另一個具體例中,該殺蟲組成物雙翅目(Order Diptera)之害蟲。屬之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:斑蚊屬(Aedes spp.)、潛蠅屬(Agromyza spp.)、按實蠅屬(Anastrepha spp.)、瘧蚊屬(Anopheles spp.)、果實蠅屬(Bactrocera spp.)、地中海實蠅屬(Ceratitis spp.)、斑虻屬(Chrysops spp.)、錐蠅屬(Cochliomyia spp.)、癭蚊屬(Contarinia spp.)、家蚊屬(Culex spp.)、葉癭蚊屬(Dasineura spp.)、艷粉蝶屬(Delia spp.)、果蠅屬(Drosophila spp.)、廁蠅屬(Fannia spp.)、黑蠅屬(Hylemyia spp.)、斑潛蠅屬(Liriomyza spp.)、家蠅屬(Musca spp.)、草種蠅屬(Phorbia spp.)、虻屬(Tabanus spp.)及大蚊屬(Tipula spp.)。物種之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:紫苜蓿潛蠅(Agromyza frontella)、加勒比按實蠅(Anastrepha suspensa)、墨西哥果實蠅(Anastrepha ludens)、西印度果實蠅(Anastrepha obliqa)、瓜實蠅(Bactrocera cucurbitae)、東方果實蠅(Bactrocera dorsalis)、入侵實蠅(Bactrocera invadens)、桃實蠅(Bactrocera zonata)、地中海實蠅(Ceratitis capitata)、油菜葉癭蚊(Dasineura brassicae)、灰地種蠅(Delia platura)、黃腹廁蠅(Fannia canicularis)、灰腹廁蠅(Fannia scalaris)、腸胃蠅(Gasterophilus intestinalis)、Gracillia perseae、東方臂蠅(Haematobia irritans)、紋皮蠅(Hypoderma lineatum)、菜
潛蠅(Liriomyza brassicae)、綿羊虱蠅(Melophagus ovinus)、秋家蠅(Musca autumnalis)、普通家蠅(Musca domestica)、羊狂蠅(Oestrus ovis)、黑麥稈蠅(Oscinella frit)、甜菜泉蠅(Pegomya betae)、胡蘿蔔蠅(Psila rosae)、櫻桃果實蠅(Rhagoletis cerasi)、蘋果果實蠅(Rhagoletis pomonella)、藍橘繞實蠅(Rhagoletis mendax)、麥紅吸漿蟲(Sitodiplosis mosellana)及廄螫蠅(Stomoxys calcitrans)。
在一特定的具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制半翅目(Order Hemiptera)之害蟲。屬之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:球蚜屬(Adelges spp.)、輪盾介殼蟲屬(Aulacaspis spp.)、沫蟬屬(Aphrophora spp.)、蚜蟲屬(Aphis spp.)、粉虱屬(Bemisia spp.)、蠟蚧屬(Ceroplastes spp.)、雪盾介殼蟲屬(Chionaspis spp.)、褐圓盾介殼蟲屬(Chrysomphalus spp.)、介殼蟲屬(Coccus spp.)、小綠葉蟬屬(Empoasca spp.)、蠣盾介殼蟲屬(Lepidosaphes spp.)、稻椿象屬(Lagynotomus spp.)、草盲蝽屬(Lygus spp.)、長管蚜屬(Macrosiphum spp.)、黑尾葉蟬屬(Nephotettix spp.)、稻綠蝽屬(Nezara spp.)、沫蟬屬(Philaenus spp.)、植盲蝽屬(Phytocoris spp.)、壁蝽屬(Piezodorus spp.)、臀紋粉介殼蟲屬(Planococcus spp.)、粉介殼蟲屬(Pseudococcus spp.)、縊管蚜屬(Rhopalosiphum spp.)、黑盔蚧屬(Saissetia spp.)、彩斑蚜屬(Therioaphis spp.)、蠟蚧蟲屬(Toumeyella spp.)、桔蚜屬(Toxoptera spp.)、粉虱屬(Trialeurodes spp.)、錐蝽屬(Triatoma spp.)及矢盾介殼蟲屬(Unaspis spp.)。物種之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:
綠蝽(Acrosternum hilare)、豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)、甘藍粉虱(Aleyrodes proletella)、螺旋粉虱(Aleurodicus dispersus)、絲絨粉虱(Aleurothrixus floccosus)、二點小綠葉蟬(Amrasca biguttula biguttula)、紅圓蚧(Aonidiella aurantii)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、大豆蚜(Aphis glycines)、蘋果蚜(Aphis pomi)、馬鈴薯蚜(Aulacorthum solani)、銀葉粉虱(Bemisia argentifolii)、煙草粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)、麥長蝽(Blissus leucopterus)、天門冬小管蚜(Brachycorynella asparagi)、稻粉介殼蟲(Brevennia rehi)、甘藍蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、馬鈴薯俊盲蝽(Calocoris norvegicus)、紅蠟介殼蟲(Ceroplastes rubens)、熱帶臭蟲(Cimex hemipterus)、溫帶臭蟲(Cimex lectularius)、Dagbertus fasciatus、Dichelops furcatus、麥雙尾蚜(Diuraphis noxia)、柑橘木虱(Diaphorina citri)、車前草蚜(Dysaphis plantaginea)、棉黑翅紅蝽(Dysdercus suturellus)、Edessa meditabunda、蘋果綿蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum)、歐扁盾蝽(Eurygaster maura)、大豆褐蝽(Euschistus heros)、褐美洲蝽(Euschistus servus)、安妥角盲蝽(Helopeltis antonii)、茶角盲蝽(Helopeltis theivora)、吹棉介殼蟲(Icerya purchasi)、檬果褐葉蟬(Idioscopus nitidulus)、斑飛蝨(Laodelphax striatellus)、大稻緣蝽(Leptocorisa oratorius)、稻緣椿象(Leptocorisa varicornis)、豆莢草盲蝽(Lygus hesperus)、桑粉介殼蟲(Maconellicoccus hirsutus)、大戟長管蚜(Macrosiphum euphorbiae)、麥長管蚜(Macrosiphum granarium)、薔薇長管蚜(Macrosiphum rosae)、翠菊葉蟬(Macrosteles quadrilineatus)、沫蟬(Mahanarva frimbiolata)、麥無網長管蚜(Metopolophium dirhodum)、長角蝽象(Mictis longicornis)、桃蚜(Myzus persicae)、黑尾葉蟬(Nephotettix cinctipes)、Neurocolpus longirostris、稻綠蝽(Nezara viridula)、褐飛蝨(Nilaparvata lugens)、糠片盾蚧(Parlatoria pergandii)、黑片盾介殼蟲(Parlatoria ziziphi)、玉米花翅飛虱(Peregrinus maidis)、葡萄根瘤蚜(Phylloxera vitifoliae)、去杉球蚧(Physokermes piceae)、加州盲蝽(Phytocoris californicus)、植盲蝽(Phytocoris relativus)、蓋德擬壁蝽(Piezodorus guildinii)、四線盲蝽(Poecilocapsus lineatus)、盲蝽(Psallus vaccinicola)、酪梨椿象(Pseudacysta perseae)、菠蘿粉介殼蟲(Pseudococcus brevipes)、梨園盾蚧(Quadraspidiotus perniciosus)、玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)、稻麥蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、欖珠蠟蚧(Saissetia oleae)、栗花椿象(Scaptocoris castanea)、麥二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)、麥長管蚜(Sitobion avenae)、白背飛虱(Sogatella furcifera)、溫室粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、結翅粉蝨(Trialeurodes abutiloneus)、箭頭介殼蟲(Unaspis yanonensis)及Zulia entrerriana。
在另一個具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制膜翅目(Order Hymenoptera)之害蟲。屬之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:切葉蟻屬(Acromyrmex spp.)、葉蟻屬(Atta spp.)、巨山蟻屬(Camponotus spp.)、松葉蜂屬(Diprion spp.)、蟻屬
(Formica spp.)、單家蟻屬(Monomorium spp.)、新松葉蜂屬(Neodiprion spp.)、收穫蟻屬(Pogonomyrmex spp.)、馬蜂屬(Polistes spp.)、紅火蟻屬(Solenopsis spp.)、黃胡蜂屬(Vespula spp.)及絨木蜂屬(Xylocopa spp.)。物種之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:紅角菜葉蜂(Athalia rosae)、德克塞斯切葉蟻(Atta texana)、阿根廷蟻(Iridomyrmex humilis)、小黑蟻(Monomorium minimum)、小黃單家蟻(Monomorium pharaonis)、入侵紅火蟻(Solenopsis invicta)、熱帶火蟻(Solenopsis geminata)、偷竊蟻(Solenopsis molesta)、黑火蟻(Solenopsis richtery)、南方火蟻(Solenopsis xyloni)及酸臭家蟻(Tapinoma sessile)。
於一任擇的具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制等翅目(Order Isoptera)之害蟲。屬之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:乳白蟻屬(Coptotermes spp.)、角象白蟻屬(Cornitermes spp.)、堆砂白蟻屬(Cryptotermes spp.)、異白蟻屬(Heterotermes spp.)、木白蟻屬(Kalotermes spp.)、楹白蟻屬(Incisitermes spp.)、大白蟻屬(Macrotermes spp.)、緣木白蟻屬(Marginitermes spp.)、鋸白蟻屬(Microcerotermes spp.)、原角白蟻屬(Procornitermes spp.)、散白蟻屬(Reticulitermes spp.)、長鼻白蟻屬(Schedorhinotermes spp.)及古白蟻屬(Zootermopsis spp.)。物種之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:曲顎乳白蟻(Coptotermes curvignathus)、法國乳白蟻(Coptotermes frenchii)、臺灣乳白蟻(Coptotermes formosanus)、金黃異白蟻(Heterotermes aureus)、稻麥小白
蟻(Microtermes obesi)、班努斯散白蟻(Reticulitermes banyulensis)、草地散白蟻(Reticulitermes grassei)、黃肢散白蟻(Reticulitermes flavipes)、哈氏散白蟻(Reticulitermes hageni)、西方散白蟻(Reticulitermes hesperus)、桑特散白蟻(Reticulitermes santonensis)、黃胸散白蟻(Reticulitermes speratus)、美黑脛散白蟻(Reticulitermes tibialis)及美小黑散白蟻(Reticulitermes virginicus)。
在另一個具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制鱗翅目(Order Lepidoptera)之害蟲。屬之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:捲葉蛾屬(Adoxophyes spp.)、地老虎屬(Agrotis spp.)、帶卷蛾屬(Argyrotaenia spp.)、卷葉蛾屬(Cacoecia spp.)、麗細蛾屬(Caloptilia spp.)、水稻螟蟲屬(Chilo spp.)、錁紋夜蛾屬(Chrysodeixis spp.)、豆粉蝶屬(Colias spp.)、草螟屬(Crambus spp.)、絹野螟屬(Diaphania spp.)、螟屬(Diatraea spp.)、鑽夜蛾屬(Earias spp.)、粉斑螟屬(Ephestia spp.)、尺蠖蛾屬(Epimecis spp.)、斑點夜蛾屬(Feltia spp.)、角劍夜蛾屬(Gortyna spp.)、鈴夜蛾屬(Helicoverpa spp.)、實夜蛾屬(Heliothis spp.)、根蠹屬(Indarbela spp.)、潛夜細蛾屬(Lithocolletis spp.)、切根蟲屬(Loxagrotis spp.)、天幕毛蟲屬(Malacosoma spp.)、疆夜蛾屬(Peridroma spp.)、小潛細蛾屬(Phyllonorycter spp.)、黏夜蛾屬(Pseudaletia spp.)、蛀莖夜蛾屬(Sesamia spp.)、夜盗蛾屬(Spodoptera spp.)、透翅蛾屬(Synanthedon spp.)及巢蛾屬(Yponomeuta spp.)。物種之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:飛揚阿夜蛾(Achaea janata)、棉褐帶卷蛾(Adoxophyes orana)、小地老虎(Agrotis ipsilon)、棉葉波紋夜蛾(Alabama argillacea)、鱷梨卷葉蟲(Amorbia cuneana)、臍橙螟(Amyelois transitella)、棕灰蛾(Anacamptodes defectaria)、桃枒蛾(Anarsia lineatella)、黃麻夜蛾(Anomis sabulifera)、梨豆夜蛾(Anticarsia gemmatalis)、果樹黃捲蛾(Archips argyrospila)、玫瑰黃捲蛾(Archips rosana)、桔帶捲蛾(Argyrotaenia citrana)、伽馬紋夜蛾(Autographa gamma)、捲葉蛾(Bonagota cranaodes)、禾弄蝶(Borbo cinnara)、棉潛蛾(Bucculatrix thurberiella)、菸卷蛾(Capua reticulana)、桃蛀果蛾(Carposina niponensis)、芒果螟蛾(Chlumetia transversa)、玫瑰色卷蛾(Choristoneura rosaceana)、稻縱卷葉螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)、可可細蛾(Conopomorpha cramerella)、芳香木蠹蛾(Cossus cossus)、石核桃卷蛾(Cydia caryana)、李小食心蟲(Cydia funebrana)、梨小食心蟲(Cydia molesta)、豌豆小卷蛾(Cydia nigricana)、蘋果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonella)、茶刺蛾(Darna diducta)、小蔗桿草螟(Diatraea saccharalis)、西南玉米桿草螟(Diatraea graniosella)、埃及鑽夜蛾(Earias insulata)、翠紋鑽夜蛾(Earias vitella)、對小卷蛾(Ecdytolopha aurantianum)、南美玉米苗斑螟(Elasmopalpus lignosellus)、粉斑螟(Ephestia cautella)、菸草粉斑螟(Ephestia elutella)、地中海粉螟(Ephestia kuehniella)、大豆捲葉蛾(Epinotia aporema)、蘋淡褐卷蛾(Epiphyas postvittana)、香蕉弄蝶(Erionota thrax)、女貞細卷蛾(Eupoecilia ambiguella)、原切
根蟲(Euxoa auxiliaris)、桃折心蟲(Grapholita molesta)、三紋螟蛾(Hedylepta indicata)、棉鈴蟲(Helicoverpa armigera)、玉米穗蟲(Helicoverpa zea)、菸芽夜蛾(Heliothis virescens)、菜心野螟(Hellula undalis)、番茄蠹蛾(Keiferia lycopersicella)、茄螟蛾(Leucinodes orbonalis)、咖啡潛葉蛾(Leucoptera coffeella)、旋紋潛蛾(Leucoptera malifoliella)、葡萄花翅小捲蛾(Lobesia botrana)、豆白緣切根蟲(Loxagrotis albicosta)、舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)、桃潛葉蛾(Lyonetia clerkella)、蓑蛾(Mahasena corbetti)、甘藍夜蛾(Mamestra brassicae)、豆莢螟(Maruca testulalis)、袋蛾(Metisa plana)、栗夜盜蟲(Mythimna unipuncta)、番茄蛀蟲(Neoleucinodes elegantalis)、白水螟蛾(Nymphula depunctalis)、冬尺蠖蛾(Operophtera brumata)、歐洲玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis)、大戟草尺蠖蛾(Oxydia vesulia)、葡萄褐捲蛾(Pandemis cerasana)、蘋褐卷蛾(Pandemis heparana)、非洲達摩鳳蝶(Papilio demodocus)、紅鈴蟲(Pectinophora gossypiella)、雜色夜蛾(Peridroma saucia)、咖啡潛葉蛾(Perileucoptera coffeella)、馬鈴薯蠹蛾(Phthorimaea operculella)、柑橘潛夜蛾(Phyllocnisitis citrella)、紋白蝶(Pieris rapae)、苜蓿綠夜蛾(Plathypena scabra)、印度穀螟蛾(Plodia interpunctella)、小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、葡萄捲葉蛾(Polychrosis viteana)、桔果巢蛾(Prays endocarpa)、油橄欖巢蛾(Prays oleae)、一星黏蟲(Pseudaletia unipuncta)、大豆夜蛾(Pseudoplusia includens)、向日葵尺蠖(Rachiplusia nu)、三化螟(Scirpophaga incertulas)、稻蛀莖夜蛾(Sesamia inferens)、西非蛀莖夜蛾(Sesamia nonagrioides)、蕁麻毛蟲(Setora nitens)、麥蛾(Sitotroga cerealella)、葡萄長鬚卷葉蛾(Sparganothis pilleriana)、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)、草地貪夜蛾(Spodoptera fugiperda)、南部灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera eridania)、菠蘿褐灰蝶(Thecla basilides)、衣蛾(Tineola bisselliella)、粉斑夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)、番茄斑潛蠅(Tuta absoluta)、咖啡豹蠹蛾(Zeuzera coffeae)及梨豹蠹蛾(Zeuzera pyrina)。
在一特定的具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制食毛目(Order Mallophaga)之害蟲。屬之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:細鵝虱屬(Anaticola spp.)、牛毛虱屬(Bovicola spp.)、大火雞虱屬(Chelopistes spp.)、雞角羽虱(Goniodes spp.)、雞虱屬(Menacanthus spp.)及犬毛虱屬(Trichodectes spp.)。物種之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:牛羽虱(Bovicola bovis)、山羊住牛虱(Bovicola caprae)、綿羊虱(Bovicola ovis)、大火雞虱(Chelopistes meleagridis)、雞角羽虱(Goniodes dissimilis)、大角羽虱(Goniodes gigas)、雛雞羽蝨(Menacanthus stramineus)、雞羽虱(Menopon gallinea)及犬嚙毛虱(Trichodectes canis)。
在另一個具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制之直翅目(Order Orthoptera)害蟲。屬之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:黑蝗屬(Melanoplus spp.)及側羽葉屬(Pterophylla spp.)。物種之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:摩門螽斯
(Anabrus simplex)、非洲螻蛄(Gryllotalpa africana)、南方螻蛄(Gryllotalpa australis)、黑短螻蛄(Gryllotalpa brachyptera)、歐洲痣蟋蟀(Gryllotalpa hexadactyla)、東亞飛蝗(Locusta migratoria)、角翅螽斯(Microcentrum retinerve)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)及叉尾灌叢樹螽(Scudderia furcata)。
於再另一個具體例中,該殺蟲組成物蚤目(Order Siphonaptera)之害蟲。物種之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:雞角葉蚤(Ceratophyllus gallinae)、黑角葉蚤(Ceratophyllus niger)、犬櫛頭蚤(Ctenocephalides canis)、貓櫛頭蚤(Ctenocephalides felis)及人蚤(Pulex irritans)。
於一任擇的具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制纓翅目(Order Thysanoptera)之害蟲。屬之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:巢針薊馬屬(Caliothrips spp.)、花薊馬屬(Frankliniella spp.)、跳薊馬屬(Scirtothrips spp.)及薊馬屬(Thrips spp.)。物種之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:煙褐花薊馬(Frankliniella fusca)、西方花薊馬(Frankliniella occidentalis)、梳缺花薊馬(Frankliniella schultzei)、威廉斯花薊馬(Frankliniella williamsi)、變葉木薊馬(Heliothrips haemorrhaidalis)、腹鉤薊馬(Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus)、桔梗薊馬(Scirtothrips citri)、小黃薊馬(Scirtothrips dorsalis)及帶薊馬(Taeniothrips rhopalantennalis)、黃胸薊馬(Thrips hawaiiensis)、豆黃薊馬(Thrips nigropilosus)、東方薊馬(Thrips orientalis)、菸薊馬(Thrips tabaci)。
在另一個具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制纓尾目(Order Thysanura)之害蟲。屬之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:衣魚屬(Lepisma spp.)及小灶衣魚屬(Thermobia spp.)。
於再另一個具體例中,該殺蟲組成物蜱蟎目(Order Acarina)之害蟲。屬之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:粉蟎屬(Acarus spp.)、刺皮節蜱屬(Aculops spp.)、牛壁蝨屬(Boophilus spp.)、蠕形蟎屬(Demodex spp.)、革蜱屬(Dermacentor spp.)、上癭蟎屬(Epitimerus spp.)、節蜱屬(Eriophyes spp.)、硬蜱屬(Ixodes spp.)、赤葉蟎屬(Oligonychus spp.)、全爪蟎屬(Panonychus spp.)、扇頭蜱屬(Rhizoglyphus spp.)及葉蟎屬(Tetranychus spp.)。物種之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:伍德氏蟎(Acarapis woodi)、粗腳粉蟎(Acarus siro)、芒果瘤癭蟎(Aceria mangiferae)、番茄刺皮癭蟎(Aculops lycopersici)、皮氏刺皮癭蟎(Aculus pelekassi)、斯氏刺癭蟎(Aculus schlechtendali)、美洲鈍眼蜱(Amblyomma americanum)、卵形短鬚蟎(Brevipalpus obovatus)、紫紅短鬚蟎(Brevipalpus phoenicis)、變異革蜱(Dermacentor variabilis)、歐洲室塵蟎(Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus)、鵝耳極始葉蟎(Eotetranychus carpini)、貓節痂蟎(Notoedres cati)、茶赤葉蟎(Oligonychus coffee)、伊氏赤葉蟎(Oligonychus ilicus)、柑橘葉蟎(Panonychus citri)、歐洲葉蟎(Panonychus ulmi)、柑桔皺葉刺節蜱(Phyllocoptruta oleivora)、多食細蟎(Polyphagotarsonemun latus)、血紅扇頭蜱(Rhipicephalus sanguineus)、人疥蟎(Sarcoptes scabiei)、鱷梨頂冠癭蟎(Tegolophus perseaflorae)、二點葉蟎(Tetranychus urticae)及狄氏瓦蟎(Varroa destructor)。
在一特定的具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制綜合目(Order Symphyla)之害蟲。物種之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:白松蟲(Scutigerella immaculata)。
在另一個具體例中,該殺蟲組成物可用於控制圓形動物門(Phylum Nematoda)之害蟲。屬之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:線蟲屬(Aphelenchoides spp.)、刺線蟲屬(Belonolaimus spp.)、小環線蟲屬(Criconemella spp.)、莖線蟲屬(Ditylenchus spp.)、孢囊線蟲屬(Heterodera spp.)、潛根線蟲屬(Hirschmanniella spp.)、紐帶線蟲屬(Hoplolaimus spp.)、根瘤線蟲屬(Meloidogyne spp.)、根腐線蟲屬(Pratylenchus spp.)及穿孔線蟲屬(Radopholus spp.)。物種之非限制性實例可包括但不限於:犬心絲蟲(Dirofilaria immitis)、玉米胞囊線蟲(Heterodera zeae)、南方根結線蟲(Meloidogyne incognita)、爪哇根瘤線蟲(Meloidogyne javanica)、人蟠尾絲蟲(Onchocerca volvulus)、相似穿孔線蟲(Radopholus similis)及腎狀線蟲(Rotylenchulus reniformis)。
該殺蟲組成物可改良AIGA化合物於土壤內的穩定性,以及提升AIGA化合物於土壤內的殘餘物活性,同時維持(若未提升)AIGA化合物之殺蟲效力。提升AIGA化合物
於土壤內的土壤殘餘物可取決於至少二個因素:陰離子性界面活性劑的種類,及AIGA化合物對陰離子性界面活性劑之重量比。
因此,在一特定具體例中,一種控制害蟲的方法包含施用一種殺蟲組成物至土壤,其中該殺蟲組成物包含至少一種陰離子性界面活性劑及一種AIGA化合物。陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比為至少大約20:1,特別為至少大約25:1。
要瞭解到該殺蟲組成物內的陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比可取決於各種因素而變化,例如施用需求、使用率、所欲的殺蟲效力位準、施用模式、要控制的害蟲種類等等。
在下面的實施例1-6之殺蟲組成物係藉由將至少一種陰離子性界面活性劑與一種氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物(240g/L或500g/kg)混合予以製備。要瞭解到氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物自身可以含有小量的陰離子性界面活性劑;因而,添加至氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物之陰離子性界面活性劑可被認為是“額外的”陰離子性界面活性劑。進一步瞭解到縱然實施例1-6之殺蟲組成物使用氟啶蟲胺腈作為AIGA化合物,但還是可以使用其他的AIGA化合物代替氟啶蟲胺腈,或是可以與氟啶蟲胺腈組合使用。
如同實施例1-6中所示,與含氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物但沒有額外的陰離子性界面活性劑之組成物相比,(藉由將“額外的”陰離子性界面活性劑與一種氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物混
合而製備的)該殺蟲組成物顯示出提升的氟啶蟲胺腈土壤內穩定性。施用至土壤之後,該殺蟲組成物之土壤內氟啶蟲胺腈回收百分比,比不含任何額外的陰離子性界面活性劑之組成物之土壤內氟啶蟲胺腈回收百分比更高。因而,與缺乏額外的陰離子性界面活性劑之類似組成物相比,該殺蟲組成物提供改良的土壤內殘餘物生物活性。
令人驚異的和意想不到的是,該殺蟲組成物可以達成顯著提升的氟啶蟲胺腈土壤內穩定性。如同實施例3中所示,該殺蟲組成物於其等施用至土壤之後,可以有效的被植物的根部攝取且被植物的根部利用歷時至少二週(14天)的期間,且殺蟲劑的量等於施用後即刻的殺蟲劑量之大約31%。
本揭示亦設想一種控制於植物的頂部上吸食汁液的昆蟲之方法,其係藉由將該殺蟲組成物施用至該植物的根部系統附近的土壤。實施例6顯示當用該殺蟲組成物來處理該植物的根部系統附近的土壤時,抗碧桃蚜蟲(桃蚜(Myzus persicae))之殺蟲活性。如同圖6和7中所示,(藉由將一種氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物與額外的陰離子性界面活性劑混合而製備的)該殺蟲組成物,提供比得上如商業的益達胺(imidacloprid)殺蟲劑(來自Bayer CropScience LP之PROVADO® 1.6殺蟲劑)的抗碧桃蚜蟲(桃蚜(Myzus persicae))之殺蟲活性。
再者,實施例7之表6-8顯示出當該殺蟲組成物施用至該植物的根部系統附近的土壤時,該殺蟲組成物可以
提供對抗植物的頂部上碧桃蚜蟲(桃蚜(Myzus persicae)),額外的陰離子性界面活性劑與氟啶蟲胺腈之間的協同殺蟲效應。
下列的實施例係用於更詳盡地解釋本揭示的具體例。此等實施例不得解釋為窮舉性的,或是專有作為本揭示的範疇。
本研究使用接種的(inoculated)中西部地區田間土壤,以及土壤內的土壤水分係用Mettler LJ16水分分析儀(15分鐘及100℃)來測量。為了前後一致的測試協定,於室溫下使土壤乾燥至8%原始土壤水分位準。繼而,根據土壤水分來計算乾燥的土壤質量。於中西部地區土壤方面,通常推薦水分介於26和30%之間。因而,該測試使用26%(亦即,260,000ppm)的土壤水分。
本研究使用的氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物為來自於Dow AgroSciences之CLOSER® SC殺昆蟲劑,其具有240g/L(大約20%的活性氟啶蟲胺腈)之氟啶蟲胺腈濃度;以及還有來自於Dow AgroSciences之TRANSFORM® WG殺昆蟲劑,其為一種具有500g/kg氟啶蟲胺腈濃度之氟啶蟲胺腈水可分散顆粒調配物(WDG)。藉由以去離子水來稀釋CLOSER® SC殺昆蟲劑(240g/L氟啶蟲胺腈SC)或是TRANSFORM® WG殺昆蟲劑(500g/kg氟啶蟲胺腈WDG)而製備500ppm氟
啶蟲胺腈活性溶液。
實施例1使用每公克最終的土壤混合物為大約6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈活性(每公克的乾燥的土壤質量為8.44ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈活性)之氟啶蟲胺腈劑量作為標準的施用比率。
測試每公克最終的土壤混合物為大約384ppm的(每公克最終的土壤混合物為384μg的界面活性劑;每公克土壤總液體為1500ppm的界面活性劑;每公克乾燥的土壤質量為526μg的界面活性劑)之界面活性劑劑量。
一種對照組成物為包括氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物(CLOSER® SC殺昆蟲劑或是TRANSFORM® WG殺昆蟲劑)但不包括額外的界面活性劑之組成物。
一種對照土壤樣本為用對照組成物處理的土壤樣本。對照土壤樣本係與各個測試一起進行供比較,以及記錄為“沒有界面活性劑”樣本。
所有的測試都於下列條件下進行測量:用Mettler AE20分析天平來測量大約15公克接種的中西部地區田間土壤,以及添加至一種30毫升(mL)Nalgene Wide-Mouth HDPE塑膠瓶內。將氟啶蟲胺腈活性溶液、各種界面活性劑溶液(如同表1中所示),以及額外的水添加至塑膠瓶內,以達到每公克最終的土壤混合物為6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈活性、384ppm的界面活性劑,以及260,000ppm的水。
各個測試的土壤樣本(包括對照土壤樣本)置於相同的條件下歷時三天。三天之後,使用下列萃取程序來判定測試土壤內的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%:藉由添加10mL的乙腈加上0.01%甲酸以從土壤萃取氟啶蟲胺腈。二個12mm的玻璃珠放置於塑膠瓶之內,接而用手搖動塑膠瓶直到大致均勻為止。繼而以一種水平搖動器予以高速搖動瓶子歷時一小時(Eberbach往復式振蕩機6010)。大約10mL的萃取物係以3000rpm予以離心歷時7分鐘(Beckman J2-MI)。上清液(supernant)係用一種0.2微米濾器(Pall PTFE)予以過濾。用一種微量吸管(SGE Analytical
之Evol)將大約750微升(μL)過濾的萃取物與25μL的4-乙苯酚(0.323mg/mL的甲醇)添加至2mL玻璃自動採樣器小瓶。
圖1顯示用殺蟲組成物處理的各個土壤樣本之三天後的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%,該殺蟲組成物含括大約6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈/最終的土壤混合物,以及大約384ppm的各種界面活性劑/最終的土壤混合物(如同表1中所示)。為了比較,圖1亦顯示對照土壤樣本(用對照組成物處理的土壤樣本;“沒有界面活性劑”樣本)之氟啶蟲胺腈回收%。
如同圖1中所示,對照土壤樣本(“沒有界面活性劑”樣本)中回收大約36%的氟啶蟲胺腈。與對照“沒有界面活性劑”樣本相比,用殺蟲組成物(含有氟啶蟲胺腈與陰離子性界面活性劑二者)處理的各個土壤樣本提供較高的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%。再者,氟啶蟲胺腈回收%之提升取決於該殺蟲組成物中使用的界面活性劑種類。舉例而言,當殺蟲組成物含括大約6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈以及大約384ppm的十二基硫酸鈉(SDS)界面活性劑或是磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑時,三天之後的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%為大約71%,其為對照“沒有界面活性劑”樣本的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%之大約二倍。當殺蟲組成物含括大約6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈以及大約384ppm的支鏈十二烷基苯磺酸鈣(CaDDBS)界面活性劑時,三天之後的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%為大約68%,其為對照“沒有界面活性劑”樣本的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%高幾乎1.9倍。當殺蟲組成物含括大約6.25ppm的氟啶
蟲胺腈以及大約384ppm的N-丁基萘磺酸鈉(MORWET® DB粉末)界面活性劑時,三天之後的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%為對照“沒有界面活性劑”樣本的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%高大約1.6倍。當殺蟲組成物含括大約6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈以及大約384ppm的木質磺酸鈉(POLYFON® F)界面活性劑時,三天之後的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%為大約49%,其為對照“沒有界面活性劑”樣本的36%氟啶蟲胺腈回收高大約1.4倍。
接種的中西部地區田間土壤係用殺蟲組成物、使用如實施例1中所述相同的協定予以處理。
製備四種殺蟲組成物,各者含括大約6.25ppm的
氟啶蟲胺腈/最終的土壤混合物,但是不同量的磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑(如同表2中所示):0ppm(對照“沒有界面活性劑”)、128ppm、256ppm,以及384ppm/最終的土壤混合物。四種殺蟲組成物用來處理接種的中西部地區土壤,並且於三天之後判定氟啶蟲胺腈回收%。
表2及圖2顯示用殺蟲組成物處理的各個土壤樣本之三天後的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%,該殺蟲組成物含有不同量的磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑。
如同表2及圖2中所示,當該殺蟲組成物含括磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑時,三天後的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%被提升。再者,當該殺蟲組成物內含括更高量的磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑時,觀察到更高的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%。舉例而言,當殺蟲組成物含括大約6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈以及大約384ppm的磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑時,三天之後的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%為大約71%,其比對照“沒有界面活性劑”樣本的氟啶蟲胺腈回收40%高大約2倍。
接種的中西部地區田間土壤係用殺蟲組成物、使用如實施例1中所述相同的協定予以處理。該殺蟲組成物含括大約6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈以及大約384ppm的磺基琥
珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑/最終的土壤混合物。對照樣本(“沒有界面活性劑”樣本)為用對照組成物(亦即,含大約6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈/最終的土壤混合物以及不含額外的陰離子性界面活性劑之組成物)處理的土壤樣本。
於該殺蟲組成物處理土壤之後,以不同的時間間隔判定氟啶蟲胺腈回收%:0天(用該殺蟲組成物處理土壤之後立刻)、3天、5天、7天(用該殺蟲組成物處理土壤之後一週)、10天、12天,以及14天(用該殺蟲組成物處理土壤之後二週)。
如同圖3中所示,當該殺蟲組成物除了含括氟啶蟲胺腈還含括磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑時,氟啶蟲胺腈回收%會增加。該殺蟲組成物施用至土壤一週(7天)之後,對照土壤樣本(“沒有界面活性劑”樣本)顯示出僅僅為6%的氟啶蟲胺腈回收,而用含有磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑的殺蟲組成物處理的土壤樣本,觀察到大約45%的氟啶蟲胺腈回收。因而,透過含括磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑於殺蟲組成物內,一週之後的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%與對照“沒有界面活性劑”組成物相比,提高幾乎八(8)倍。
該殺蟲組成物施用至土壤二週(14天)之後,對照土壤樣本中偵測到僅僅為2%的氟啶蟲胺腈回收,而用含有磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑的殺蟲組成物處理的土壤樣本,有大約31%的氟啶蟲胺腈回收。
因而,施用二週之後土壤中仍留下大約31%的氟啶蟲胺腈,而用對照組成物處理的土壤中基本上沒有氟啶蟲胺腈。從而,與使用對照組成物相比,磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑提升氟啶蟲胺腈土壤內穩定性超過15倍。
接種的中西部地區田間土壤係用殺蟲組成物、使用如實施例1中所述相同的協定予以處理。製備五種殺蟲組成物,如同表3中所示,並且於三天之後判定氟啶蟲胺腈回收%。於含有界面活性劑的殺蟲組成物方面,該殺蟲組成物含括大約6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈以及大約384ppm的磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑/最終的土壤混合物。
如同表3中所示,本研究使用三種不同種類的消泡劑:來自於Dow Corning股份有限公司之DOW CORNING® Medical消泡C乳劑,其為含有30%二甲基聚矽氧烷之食品級、水可稀釋聚矽氧消泡劑;來自於Wacker Chemie AG之SILFOAM® SC 203消泡劑,其為食品級、100%活性物溶劑可分散聚矽氧化合物;以及來自於Wacker Chemie AG之SILFOAM® SC 200消泡劑,其為食品級、13%活性聚矽氧消泡劑乳劑。當該殺蟲組成物含括消泡劑時,以土壤總液體為基準,消泡劑的量為大約66ppm。
表3及圖4顯示各個測試土壤樣本之三天後的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%。用含括大約6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈及大約384ppm的磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑/最終的土壤混合物之殺蟲組成物處理的土壤,顯示出三天之後大約86%的氟啶蟲胺腈回收,其比對照土壤樣本(亦
即,用具有大約6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈但沒有磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑之對照組成物處理的土壤樣本)的54%氟啶蟲胺腈回收高大約1.6倍。因而,如先前討論的,殺蟲組成物內存在磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑會提升氟啶蟲胺腈土壤內穩定性。
再者,如同表3及圖4中所示,殺蟲組成物內除了存在磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑,還存在消泡劑,看來並未對氟啶蟲胺腈回收%(亦即,氟啶蟲胺腈土壤內穩定性)產生影響。
來自夫雷斯諾田間工作站(加利福尼亞州夫雷斯諾)之土壤予以接種,然後用殺蟲組成物、使用如實施例1中所述相同的協定予以處理。氟啶蟲胺腈溶液、磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑,以及額外的水添加至塑膠瓶內,以達到每公克最終的土壤混合物為6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈活性、384ppm的磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑,以及260,000ppm的水。各個測試的土壤樣本(包括對照土壤樣本)置於相同的條件下歷時三天。三天之後,判定土壤樣本內的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%。
如同圖5中所示,對照土壤樣本中回收大約28%的氟啶蟲胺腈。當殺蟲組成物含括大約6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈以及大約384ppm的磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON®
SDS界面活性劑時,三天之後的氟啶蟲胺腈回收%為大約100%,其比對照“沒有界面活性劑”樣本的氟啶蟲胺腈回收高大約3.6倍。圖5顯示當來自加利福尼亞州之接種的土壤用含有大約6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈以及大約384ppm的磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑處理時,土壤內氟啶蟲胺腈甚至於施用三天之後還是穩定的。
各個測試組成物之製備係藉由將預定量的CLOSER® SC殺昆蟲劑(一種氟啶蟲胺腈濃度為240g/L之氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物)加上預定量的磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS陰離子界面活性劑於一種水介質內混合。
含有不同量的氟啶蟲胺腈及磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑之殺蟲組成物係如同表4中所示予以製備。舉例而言,“100ppm之氟啶蟲胺腈”組成物含有大約0.043重量%的氟啶蟲胺腈,以組成物總重量為基準(亦即,每一公克最終的土壤混合物為100ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈)。“100ppm之氟啶蟲胺腈+GEROPON®”組成物含有大約0.043重量%的氟啶蟲胺腈,以組成物總重量為基(亦即,每一公克最終的土壤混合物為100ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈),以及大約0.225重量%的磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS界面活性劑,以組成物總重量為基(亦即,每一公克最終的土壤混合物為384ppm;每一公克土壤總液體為基準為1500ppm)。
來自Bayer CropScience LP(North Carolina,USA)之益達胺(imidacloprid)殺蟲劑PROVADO® 1.6係使用作為蚜蟲控制之標準的商業殺蟲組成物。測試三種不同裝入量的益達胺殺蟲劑PROVADO® 1.6:每公克最終的土壤混合物為100ppm、25ppm,以及6.25ppm。於此實施例6中,水被測試作為對照組成物。再者,測試一種磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS陰離子界面活性劑的水溶液。
受碧桃蚜蟲(桃蚜(Myzus persicae))(“GPA”)侵擾的大小相同(兩片新葉期)的甘藍植株(高麗菜(Brassica oleracea capitata L))係依據下列程序使用作為研究模式:甘藍的種籽係種植於3吋的穴盤內,其含有可得
自於SUN GRO® Horticulture Canada,Ltd之泥炭為主的METRO MIX 360®培養土。種籽係於座落於Dow AgroSciences(Indianapolis,Indiana,USA)之R&D建築物的溫室區G4內,於26℃及53%之相對濕度下繁殖。以大約500μE/m2.s光合有效輻射之平均照明度的1000-瓦金屬鹵化物之高架燈,每天連續16小時來補充自然光。
每個1盎司乾淨的杯子裝入組分如同表5中所示之30克接種的中西部地區田間土壤。中西部地區土壤為從Fowler田間工作站(Fowler,Indiana)採集之粉砂壤土,且具有大約6.9之pH。當用Mettler LJ16水分分析儀(15分鐘及100℃)來測量,中西部地區田間土壤的土壤水分為大約15%。
每個選出的1盎司杯子內的中西部地區田間土壤係利用10mL吸量管、以大約9mL選出的組成物予以處理。
使用去離子水作為對照。將剩餘的1盎司杯子加蓋,且各蓋子戳一個小洞來提供氣流。將剩餘的1盎司杯子儲存於26℃經控制的環境下,以及用黑色塑膠袋覆蓋以防止任何光線進入,直到供測試使用。
小心地將甘藍植株移動離開3吋的穴盤,以及用水清洗植株根部以移去任何多餘的土壤。繼而,將甘藍植株移植至含有處理的中西部地區田間土壤之1盎司杯子內(每一個1盎司杯子一個甘藍植株)。於移植之後視需要來灌溉植株。
於處理中西部地區田間土壤後選定的天數(亦即,土壤處理後天數,“DAT”),每個1盎司杯子內的甘藍植株係以GPA予以侵擾,其係藉由放置被大約25隻蚜蟲侵擾的一片南瓜葉子於每個甘藍植株上來進行。接而將植物放置於26℃經控制的環境下歷時三天。
執行五個不同的評估時間:DAT 0天、7天、14天、21天,或是28天。舉例而言,於DAT零(0)天方面,甘藍植株係於其移植至處理的中西部地區田間土壤內同一天,以GPA予以侵擾。同樣地,於DAT 14天方面,甘藍植株係於移植至處理的中西部地區田間土壤後14天,以GPA予以侵擾。各個DAT評估時間重複五次。
對抗GPA的殺蟲活性係於侵擾之後3天判定,其係藉由計數各個甘藍植株上存在的活GPA蚜蟲數目來進行。
圖6顯示於DAT 21天之對抗GPA的殺蟲活性。用
“100ppm之氟啶蟲胺腈”組成物處理的中西部地區土壤內的甘藍顯示於DAT 21天沒有活的GPA蚜蟲;而用“6.25ppm之氟啶蟲胺腈”組成物處理的中西部地區土壤內的甘藍顯示於DAT 21天有大約38隻活的GPA蚜蟲。因而,於DAT 21天,用100ppm之氟啶蟲胺腈處理的土壤顯示接近完全的GPA控制,然而用僅僅6.25ppm之氟啶蟲胺腈處理的土壤顯示GPA之控制不足。
當用於土壤處理的組成物內除了含括氟啶蟲胺腈,還含括磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS陰離子界面活性劑時,處理的土壤內的甘藍顯示於DAT 21天沒有活的GPA蚜蟲,不論組成物內氟啶蟲胺腈的裝入量(亦即,100ppm、25ppm,或是6.25ppm)。因而,透過添加一種陰離子性界面活性劑於帶有氟啶蟲胺腈之用於土壤處理的殺蟲組成物內,於DAT 21天之對抗GPA的殺蟲活性被提升至幾乎100%的控制。
用商業的PROVADO® 1.6殺蟲劑處理的土壤內的甘藍顯示於DAT 21天沒有活的GPA蚜蟲,不論裝入量(亦即,100ppm、25ppm,或是6.25ppm)。因而,含有氟啶蟲胺腈及額外的陰離子性界面活性劑之殺蟲組成物,顯示出如同商業的PROVADO® 1.6殺蟲劑相同位準的DAT 21天之對抗GPA的殺蟲活性(亦即,幾乎100%的控制)。
再者,用含有磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS陰離子界面活性劑但不含氟啶蟲胺腈之組成物(亦即,圖6中的“GEROPON®”組成物)處理的土壤內的甘藍,以及
只用水處理的土壤內的甘藍(亦即,圖6中的“水”組成物),顯示DAT 21天之GPA之控制不足(於DAT 21天有大約30至40隻活的GPA)。
圖7顯示於DAT 28天之對抗GPA的殺蟲活性。用“100ppm之氟啶蟲胺腈”組成物處理的中西部地區土壤內的甘藍顯示沒有活的GPA蚜蟲;而用較少量的氟啶蟲胺腈(亦即,“25ppm之氟啶蟲胺腈”以及“6.25ppm之氟啶蟲胺腈”)處理的中西部地區土壤內的甘藍,並未顯示100%的GPA控制。
於DAT 28天,用含有氟啶蟲胺腈與磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS陰離子界面活性劑之殺蟲組成物處理的土壤,所有測試的氟啶蟲胺腈裝入量(100ppm、25ppm及6.25ppm),顯示出100%的GPA控制。此對抗GPA的殺蟲活性位準與商業的PROVADO® 1.6殺蟲劑之對抗GPA的殺蟲活性位準大概相同,其亦於DAT 28天提供100%的GPA控制,不論殺蟲裝入量。
於Colby S.R.,Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations,Weeds,1967,15,20-22中所述的方法,係使用來判定用於土壤處理的組成物之氟啶蟲胺腈與陰離子性界面活性劑之間的協同效應之存在。於此方法中,本研究中觀察到的組成物之昆蟲控制百分率係與以下的方程式(1)(此後稱為“寇比(Colby)
方程式”)計算的"預期的"控制百分率(E)作比較:
其中X為以假定的比率(p)之氟啶蟲胺腈之控制百分比,Y為以假定的比率(q)之陰離子性界面活性劑之控制百分比,以及E為以比率p+q之氟啶蟲胺腈與陰離子性界面活性劑的預期控制。
設若該組成物觀察到的控制百分率比E值高,那麼用於土壤處理的組成物之氟啶蟲胺腈與陰離子性界面活性劑之間有協同效應。設若該組成物觀察到的控制百分率等於或小於E值,那麼用於土壤處理的組成物之氟啶蟲胺腈與陰離子性界面活性劑之間沒有協同效應。
表6顯示當中西部地區田間土壤用不同的組成物處理時,於DAT 21天之GPA控制百分率。當使用含有大約6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈以及大約384ppm的磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS陰離子界面活性劑(亦即,每一公克土壤總液體為1500ppm)的組成物用於土壤處理時,對抗GPA的控制%係判定為“觀察”的作用,並且與使用6.25ppm的氟啶蟲胺腈單獨,或是384ppm的磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS陰離子界面活性劑單獨用於土壤處理,獲得的對抗GPA的控制%作比較。“寇比預期的作用”係使用如先前討論的寇比(Colby)方程式來計算。
如同表6中所示,當用氟啶蟲胺腈(以6.25ppm)單獨或是磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS陰離子界面活性劑單獨來處理土壤時,於DAT 21天對GPA沒有控制作用。因而,依據寇比(Colby)方程式之預期的控制百分比係計算為零(0)。令人驚異和意想不到地,當用含有氟啶蟲胺腈以及磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS陰離子界面活性劑二者的組成物來處理土壤時,觀察到對GPA大概100%的控制作用。因而,氟啶蟲胺腈以及磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS陰離子界面活性劑當一起使用於土壤處理的組成物內時,顯示出對GPA之協同效應。
如同表7中所示,當用含有氟啶蟲胺腈以及磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS陰離子界面活性劑二者的組成物來處理土壤時,於DAT 28天觀察到對GPA大概100%的控制作用,而當用氟啶蟲胺腈(以6.25ppm)單獨或是磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS陰離子界面活性劑單獨來處理土壤時,發現到沒有控制作用(0%)。因而,氟啶蟲胺腈以及磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS陰離子界面活性劑當一起使用於土壤處理的組成物內時,顯示出對GPA之協同效應。
表8顯示當用含有氟啶蟲胺腈以及磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS陰離子界面活性劑二者的組成物來處理土壤時,於DAT 28天觀察到對GPA大概100%的控制作用。此比依據寇比(Colby)方程式之預期的控制百分比(36.4%)高大概2.75倍。令人驚異的和意想不到的是,用於土壤處理之組成物內的氟啶蟲胺腈及磺基琥珀酸二辛酯鈉GEROPON® SDS陰離子界面活性劑之間,不只有對GPA之協同效應,而且此等協同效應的幅度還很大。
縱然本揭示可以容許各種修飾及任擇的形式,但業已於此經由實例詳細說明特定的具體例。然而,應該瞭解本揭示不希望限制所揭示的特定形式。更確切地,本揭示要涵蓋下列附隨的請求項及其等合法的均等物所界定的
範疇之所有修飾、均等物及替代方案。
Claims (25)
- 一種殺蟲組成物,其包含至少一陰離子性界面活性劑及一活性成分群組α(AIGA)化合物,其中陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比為至少大約20:1。
- 如請求項1之殺蟲組成物,其中陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比為至少大約25:1。
- 如請求項1之殺蟲組成物,其中陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比係介於大約100:1及20:1之間。
- 如請求項1之殺蟲組成物,其中陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比係介於大約65:1及20:1之間。
- 如請求項1之殺蟲組成物,其中該AIGA化合物包含下列化合物之至少一者:一殺昆蟲劑,其包含毆殺松(acephate)、亞滅培(acetamiprid)、得滅克(aldicarb)、涕滅碸威(aldoxycarb)、免敵克(bendiocarb)、佈嘉信(butocarboxim)、胺甲(carbaryl)、培丹鹽酸鹽(cartap hydrochloride)、甲基內吸磷-S(demeton-S-methyl)、大滅松(dimethoate)、氟尼胺(flonicamid)、福木松(formothion)、飛達松(heptenophos)、益達胺(imidacloprid)、依殺松(isazofos)、達馬松(methamidophos)、納乃得(methomyl)、亞素靈(monocrotophos)、烯啶蟲胺(nitenpyram)、歐滅松(omethoate)、歐殺滅(oxamyl)、滅多松(oxydemeton-methyl)、福瑞松(phorate)、氟啶蟲胺腈 (sulfoxaflor)、賽果培(thiacloprid)、賽速安(thiamethoxam)、硫賜安草酸鹽(thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate)、硫滅松(thiometon)、硫滅松碸(thiometon sulfone)、唑蚜威(triazamate),或繁米松(vamidothion);以及一殺真菌劑,其包含萎鏽靈(carboxin)、克絕(cymoxanil)、多地辛(dodine)、依瑞莫(ethirimol)、福賽得鋁(fosetyl-aluminum)、麥穗寧(fuberidazole)、殺紋寧(hymexazol)、丙基喜樂松(iprobenfos)、滅達樂(metalaxyl)、右滅達樂(metalaxyl-M)、噻菌胺(metsulfovax)、呋醯胺(ofurace)、嘉保信(oxycarboxin)、普拔克鹽酸鹽(propamocarb hydrochloride)、百快隆(pyroquilon),或三泰芬(triadimefon)。
- 如請求項1之殺蟲組成物,其中該陰離子性界面活性劑包含選自於以下所構成的群組之界面活性劑:磺酸鹽、木質磺酸鹽、硫酸鹽、磷酸鹽、羧酸鹽,以及其之鹽類。
- 如請求項1之殺蟲組成物,其中該陰離子性界面活性劑包含選自於以下所構成的群組之界面活性劑:磺酸鹽、硫酸鹽,以及其等之一混合物。
- 如請求項1之殺蟲組成物,其進一步包含下列之至少一者:殺昆蟲劑、殺真菌劑,以及除草劑。
- 如請求項1之殺蟲組成物,其中該AIGA化合物包含氟啶蟲胺腈(sulfoxaflor)。
- 如請求項9之殺蟲組成物,其中陰離子性界面活性劑對 氟啶蟲胺腈之重量比為至少大約20:1。
- 如請求項9之殺蟲組成物,其中陰離子性界面活性劑對氟啶蟲胺腈之重量比係介於大約100:1及大約20:1之間。
- 一種製備如請求項9之殺蟲組成物的方法,其中該方法包含混合至少一陰離子性界面活性劑與一氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物,其中該氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物之氟啶蟲胺腈濃度為240公克/公升(g/L)或500公克/公斤(g/kg)。
- 一種控制土壤棲息害蟲、土壤傳播的病原體或是二者的方法,其中該方法包含施用殺蟲有效量的如請求項1之殺蟲組成物至土壤。
- 一種控制於植物的頂部上吸食汁液(sap-feeding)的昆蟲之方法,其中該方法包含施用殺蟲有效量的如請求項1之殺蟲組成物至該植物的根部系統附近的土壤。
- 如請求項14之方法,其中該吸食汁液的昆蟲包含碧桃蚜蟲(桃蚜(Myzus persicae))。
- 一種控制於植物的頂部上吸食汁液的昆蟲之方法,其中該方法包含施用殺蟲有效量的如請求項9之殺蟲組成物至該植物的根部系統附近的土壤。
- 一種控制害蟲的方法,其包含:施用殺蟲有效量的殺蟲組成物至下列之至少一處:土壤、植物種子、植物的一部份,及希望控制害蟲之所在地,其中該殺蟲組成物包含至少一陰離子性界面活性 劑及一活性成分群組α(AIGA)化合物,以及其中陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比為至少大約20:1。
- 如請求項17之方法,其中陰離子性界面活性劑對AIGA化合物之重量比係介於大約100:1及大約20:1之間。
- 如請求項17之方法,其中該陰離子性界面活性劑包含選自於以下所構成的群組之界面活性劑:磺酸鹽、木質磺酸鹽、硫酸鹽、磷酸鹽、羧酸鹽,以及其之鹽類。
- 如請求項17之方法,其中該AIGA化合物包含氟啶蟲胺腈。
- 如請求項20之方法,其進一步包含混合至少一陰離子性界面活性劑與一氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物,以提供該殺蟲組成物,其中該氟啶蟲胺腈濃縮物之氟啶蟲胺腈濃度為240公克/公升(g/L)或500公克/公斤(g/kg),以及其中該殺蟲組成物之陰離子性界面活性劑對氟啶蟲胺腈之重量比為至少大約20:1。
- 如請求項17之方法,其進一步包含施用另一活性調配物至下列之至少一處:土壤、植物種子、植物的一部份,以及希望控制害蟲之所在地,其中該另一活性調配物包含下列之至少一者:殺昆蟲劑、殺真菌劑,以及除草劑。
- 如請求項22之方法,其中該殺蟲組成物與該另一活性調配物係於同時施用。
- 如請求項22之方法,其中該殺蟲組成物係在該另一活性 調配物施用之前或是之後施用。
- 如請求項17之方法,其中該害蟲包含一吸食汁液的昆蟲。
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