TW201633735A - Robust early detection through signal repetition in mixed-rate wireless communications - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of wirelessly communicating includes generating, at a wireless device, a packet including a first preamble field. The method further includes generating a first repeated preamble field by multiplying the first preamble field by a first frequency- domain polarity seuence. The method further includes transmitting the packet from the wireless device. The packet includes the first preamble field and the first repeated preamble field.

Description

Robust early detection via signal repetition in mixed-rate wireless communication

Some aspects of this case are related to wireless communication, in particular, to methods and devices for communication detection in wireless networks.

In many telecommunication systems, a communication network is used to exchange messages between a number of spatially separated interactive devices. The network may be classified according to geographic extent, which may be, for example, a city area, a partial area, or a personal area. Such networks can be named as Wide Area Network (WAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Local Area Network (LAN), or Personal Area Network (PAN), respectively. The network is also based on the switching/routing techniques used to interconnect various network nodes and devices (eg, circuit switching versus packet switching), the type of physical media used for transmission (eg, wired versus wireless), and the type of media used. Communication protocol sets (for example, Internet Protocol Suite, SONET (Synchronous Optical Networking), Ethernet, etc.) vary.

When the network element is mobile and thus has dynamic connectivity requirements, or in a network architecture with an ad hoc topology rather than a fixed topology In the case of construction, wireless networks are often preferred. Wireless networks use electromagnetic waves in the frequency bands of radio, microwave, infrared, light, etc. to employ intangible physical media in a non-guided propagation mode. Wireless networks advantageously facilitate user mobility and rapid on-site deployment when compared to fixed wired networks.

As the amount and complexity of information communicated wirelessly between multiple devices continues to increase, the additional burden bandwidth required for the physical layer control signals continues to increase at least linearly. The number of bits used to convey physical layer control information has become a significant part of the additional burden required. Thus, in the case where communication resources are limited, it is desirable to reduce the number of bits required to convey the physical layer control information, especially when multiple types of traffic are transmitted from the access point to multiple terminals in parallel. At the same time, it is desirable to improve the reliability of signal detection. Thus, there is a need for improved protocols for mixed rate transmission.

The various implementations of the systems, methods, and apparatus within the scope of the appended claims are in various aspects, and not in any single aspect thereof, the desired attributes described herein. Some features are described herein, but they do not limit the scope of the appended claims.

The details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in the specification are set forth in the drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, drawings and claims. Note that the relative sizes of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.

One aspect of the present invention provides a method of wireless communication. The method includes generating a packet including a first preamble signal field at a wireless device. The method further includes multiplying the first preamble signal field by the first frequency domain polarity order The column produces a first repeated preamble signal field. The method further includes transmitting the packet from the wireless device. The packet includes a first preamble signal field and a first repetitive preamble signal field.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field can be capable of being decoded by a plurality of devices, and the packet can include a second preamble signal field that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. In various embodiments, the first frequency domain polarity sequence may comprise a predetermined sequence of -1 or +1. In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field may include a length indication that is not a multiple of three.

In various embodiments, the method can further include generating a second repeated preamble signal field by multiplying the second preamble signal field by the second frequency domain polarity sequence. The packet may include the other repeated preamble signal field. In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field may include a legacy signal (L-SIG) field, the legacy preamble signal can be decoded by a plurality of devices, and the first repeated preamble signal field can include Repeat the old signal (RL-SIG) field.

Another aspect provides an apparatus configured to perform wireless communication. The apparatus includes a processor configured to generate a packet including a first preamble signal field. The processor is further configured to generate the first repeated preamble signal field by multiplying the first preamble signal field by the first frequency domain polarity sequence. The device further includes a transmitter configured to transmit the packet from the device. The packet includes a first preamble signal field and a first repetitive preamble signal field.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field is capable of being decoded by a plurality of devices, and the packet can include a second preamble signal field that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. In various embodiments, the first frequency domain polarity sequence may comprise a predetermined sequence of -1 or +1. In various embodiments, the first preamble The signal field may include an indication of the length that is not a multiple of three.

In various embodiments, the processor is further configured to generate the second repeated preamble signal field by multiplying the second preamble signal field by the second frequency domain polarity sequence. The packet may include the other repeated preamble signal field. In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field may include a legacy signal (L-SIG) field, the legacy preamble signal can be decoded by a plurality of devices, and the first repeated preamble signal field can include Repeat the old signal (RL-SIG) field.

Another aspect provides an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus includes means for generating a packet including a first preamble signal field. The apparatus further includes means for generating a first repeated preamble signal field by multiplying the first preamble signal field by the first frequency domain polarity sequence. The device further includes means for transmitting the packet from the device. The packet includes a first preamble signal field and a first repetitive preamble signal field.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field can be capable of being decoded by a plurality of devices, and the packet can include a second preamble signal field that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. In various embodiments, the first frequency domain polarity sequence may comprise a predetermined sequence of -1 or +1. In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field may include a length indication that is not a multiple of three.

In various embodiments, the apparatus can further include means for generating a second repeated preamble signal field by multiplying the second preamble signal field by the second frequency domain polarity sequence. The packet may include the other repeated preamble signal field. In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field may include a legacy signal (L-SIG) field, the legacy preamble signal can be decoded by a plurality of devices, and the first repeated preamble signal field can include Repeat old signal (RL-SIG) Field.

Another aspect provides a non-transitory computer readable medium. The medium includes code that, when executed, causes a device to generate a packet including a first preamble signal field. The medium further includes code that, when executed, causes the apparatus to generate the first repeated preamble signal field by multiplying the first preamble signal field by the first frequency domain polarity sequence. The medium further includes code for causing the device to transmit the packet from the device when executed. The packet includes a first preamble signal field and a first repetitive preamble signal field.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field can be capable of being decoded by a plurality of devices, and the packet can include a second preamble signal field that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. In various embodiments, the first frequency domain polarity sequence may comprise a predetermined sequence of -1 or +1. In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field may include a length indication that is not a multiple of three.

In various embodiments, the medium can further include code that, when executed, causes the apparatus to generate a second repeated preamble signal field by multiplying the second preamble signal field by the second frequency domain polarity sequence. The packet may include the other repeated preamble signal field. In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field may include a legacy signal (L-SIG) field, the legacy preamble signal can be decoded by a plurality of devices, and the first repeated preamble signal field can include Repeat the old signal (RL-SIG) field.

Another aspect provides another method of wireless communication. The method includes generating a packet at a wireless device. The packet includes an old preamble signal containing a legacy signal (L-SIG) field that can be decoded by a plurality of devices. The packet further includes a header that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices The two preamble signals (e.g., preamble signals defined for communications according to protocols different from those used in some legacy systems, such as the IEEE 802.11ax high efficiency protocol). The method further includes generating a repeated L-SIG field (RL-SIG) by masking the first preamble signal field with a sequence of ±1 in the frequency domain. The method further includes transmitting the packet from the wireless device. The packet includes the L-SIG field and the RL-SIG field.

Another aspect provides another device configured to perform wireless communication. The device includes one or more processors configured to generate a packet. The packet includes an old preamble signal containing a legacy signal (L-SIG) field that can be decoded by a plurality of devices. The packet further includes a second preamble signal that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. The processor is further configured to generate a repeated L-SIG field (RL-SIG) by masking the first preamble field with a sequence of ±1 in the frequency domain. The device further includes a transmitter configured to transmit the packet from the device. The packet includes the L-SIG field and the RL-SIG field.

Another aspect provides another method of wireless communication. The method includes receiving, at a wireless device, a packet including a first preamble signal field and a first repetitive preamble signal field. The method further includes generating a corrected preamble signal field by multiplying the first repeated preamble signal field by the first frequency domain polarity sequence. The method further includes autocorrelating the first preamble signal field with the corrected preamble signal field.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field can be capable of being decoded by a plurality of devices, and the packet can include a second preamble signal field that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. In various embodiments, the method can Further included avoiding decoding the packet when the result of the autocorrelation is below a threshold. In various embodiments, the first frequency domain polarity sequence may comprise an inverse of a predetermined sequence of -1 or +1.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field may include a length indication that is not a multiple of three. In various embodiments, the packet can include another repeated preamble signal field, the method further comprising generating another corrected preamble signal field by multiplying the other signal field by the first frequency domain polarity sequence .

Another aspect provides another device configured to perform wireless communication. The apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive a packet including a first preamble signal field and a first repetitive preamble signal field. The apparatus further includes a processor configured to generate the corrected preamble signal field by multiplying the first repeated preamble signal field by the first frequency domain polarity sequence. The processor is further configured to autocorrelate the first preamble signal field from the corrected preamble signal field.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field can be decoded by a plurality of devices, and the packet can include a second preamble signal field that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. In various embodiments, the processor can be further configured to avoid decoding the packet when the result of the autocorrelation is below a threshold. In various embodiments, the first frequency domain polarity sequence may comprise an inverse of a predetermined sequence of -1 or +1.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field may include a length indication that is not a multiple of three. In various embodiments, the packet can include the other repeated preamble signal field. The processor can be further configured to generate another corrected preamble signal field by multiplying the other signal field by the first frequency domain polarity sequence.

Another aspect provides an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus includes means for receiving a packet including a first preamble signal field and a first repetitive preamble signal field. The apparatus further includes means for generating a corrected preamble signal field by multiplying the first repeated preamble signal field by a first frequency domain polarity sequence. The apparatus further includes means for autocorrelating the first preamble signal field with the corrected preamble signal field.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field can be capable of being decoded by a plurality of devices, and the packet can include a second preamble signal field that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. In various embodiments, the apparatus can further include means for avoiding decoding the packet when the result of the autocorrelation is below a threshold. In various embodiments, the first frequency domain polarity sequence may comprise an inverse of a predetermined sequence of -1 or +1.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field may include a length indication that is not a multiple of three. In various embodiments, the packet can include another repeated preamble signal field. The apparatus can further include means for generating another corrected preamble signal field by multiplying the other signal field by the first frequency domain polarity sequence.

Another aspect provides another non-transitory computer readable medium. The medium includes code that, when executed, causes a device to receive a packet including a first preamble signal field and a first repetitive preamble field. The medium further includes code that, when executed, causes the apparatus to generate the corrected preamble signal field by multiplying the first repeated preamble field by the first frequency domain polarity sequence. The medium further includes code that, when executed, causes the device to autocorrelate the first preamble signal field from the corrected preamble signal field.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field can be capable of being decoded by a plurality of devices, and the packet can include a second preamble signal field that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. In various embodiments, the medium can further include code that, when executed, causes the device to avoid decoding the packet when the result of the autocorrelation is below a threshold. In various embodiments, the first frequency domain polarity sequence may comprise an inverse of a predetermined sequence of -1 or +1.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field may include a length indication that is not a multiple of three. In various embodiments, the packet can include another repeated preamble signal field. The medium can further include code that, when executed, causes the apparatus to generate another corrected preamble signal field by multiplying the other signal field by the first frequency domain polarity sequence.

Another aspect provides another method of wireless communication. The method includes receiving a packet at a wireless device. The packet includes an old preamble signal containing a legacy signal (L-SIG) field that can be decoded by a plurality of devices. The packet further includes a repeated L-SIG field (RL-SIG). The packet further includes a second preamble signal that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. The method further includes generating a corrected L-SIG field by masking the RL-SIG field with an inverse of ±1 in the frequency domain. The method further includes autocorrelating the L-SIG field to the corrected L-SIG field.

Another aspect provides another device configured to perform wireless communication. The device includes a receiver configured to receive a packet. The packet includes an old preamble signal containing a legacy signal (L-SIG) field that can be decoded by a plurality of devices. The packet further includes a repeated L-SIG field (RL-SIG). The packet further includes decoding only by a subset of the plurality of devices The second pre-sequence signal. The apparatus further includes one or more processors configured to generate the corrected L-SIG field by masking the RL-SIG field with an inverse sequence of ±1 in the frequency domain. The processors are further configured to autocorrelate the L-SIG field from the corrected L-SIG field.

100‧‧‧Wireless communication system

102‧‧‧Basic Service Area (BSA)

104‧‧‧AP

106A‧‧‧STA

106B‧‧‧STA

106C‧‧‧STA

106D‧‧‧STA

108‧‧‧Downlink (DL)

110‧‧‧Uplink (UL)

154‧‧‧AP High Efficiency Wireless Controller (HEW)

156A‧‧‧STA HEW

156B‧‧‧STA HEW

156C‧‧‧STA HEW

156D‧‧‧STA HEW

202‧‧‧Wireless devices

204‧‧‧ Processor

206‧‧‧ memory

208‧‧‧Shell

210‧‧‧transmitter

212‧‧‧ Receiver

214‧‧‧ transceiver

216‧‧‧Antenna

218‧‧‧Signal Detector

220‧‧‧Digital Signal Processor (DSP)

222‧‧‧User interface

226‧‧‧ busbar system

422‧‧‧ Short training field

424‧‧‧Long training field

426‧‧‧Signal field

428‧‧‧Information field

440‧‧‧signal symbol

442‧‧‧signal symbol

450‧‧‧VHT-SIG-A1

452‧‧‧VHT-SIG-A2

454‧‧‧VHT-SIG-B

455‧‧‧HE-SIG0 symbol

457‧‧‧HE-SIG1A symbol

459‧‧‧HE-SIG1B symbol

465‧‧‧HE-LTF

800‧‧‧ physical layer packets

805‧‧‧L-SIG/old preamble signal

810‧‧‧HE preamble signal

815‧‧‧HE-SIG0

820‧‧‧HE-STF

830‧‧‧ payload

900‧‧‧ physical layer packets

910‧‧‧Repeated L-SIG field

1000‧‧‧flow chart

1010‧‧‧ square

1020‧‧‧ square

1030‧‧‧ square

1100‧‧‧ square

1110‧‧‧

1120‧‧‧ square

1130‧‧‧

Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system in which various aspects of the present invention can be employed.

Figure 2 illustrates the various components utilized in the wireless device that can be employed in the wireless communication system of Figure 1.

Figure 3 illustrates the channel assignments for the channels available to the 802.11 system.

Figures 4 and 5 illustrate data packet formats for several IEEE 802.11 standards.

Figure 6 illustrates the frame format for the IEEE 802.11ac standard.

Figure 7 illustrates an exemplary structure of a physical layer packet that can be used to enable multiplexed access wireless communication with legacy versions.

Figure 8 illustrates an exemplary structure of an uplink or downlink physical layer packet that can be used to enable wireless communication.

Figure 9 illustrates another exemplary structure of an uplink physical layer packet that can be used to enable wireless communication.

Figure 10 illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary wireless communication method that can be employed within the wireless communication system of Figure 1.

Figure 11 illustrates another flow diagram of an exemplary wireless communication method that can be employed within the wireless communication system of Figure 1.

Various aspects of the novel systems, devices and methods are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present teachings, however, may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to any particular structure or function. Rather, the aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and the scope of the invention will be fully conveyed by those skilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the novel systems, devices, and methods disclosed herein, whether independently implemented or any other of the present invention. Aspect combination practice. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein can be used to implement an apparatus or a method of practice. In addition, the scope of the present invention is intended to cover an apparatus or method that is practiced with the use of other structures, functions, or structures and functions of the various embodiments of the invention described herein. It should be understood that any aspect disclosed herein can be implemented by one or more elements of the claim.

Although specific aspects are described herein, numerous variations and permutations of such aspects fall within the scope of the present disclosure. Although some of the benefits and advantages of the preferred aspects are mentioned, the scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited to a particular benefit, use, or objective. Rather, the various aspects of the present invention are intended to be broadly applicable to different wireless technologies, system configurations, networks, and transmission protocols, some of which are illustrated by way of example in the drawings and the description of the preferred aspects. The detailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Wireless network technology can include various types of wireless local area networks ( WLAN). WLANs can be used to interconnect nearby devices with widely used networking protocols. The various aspects described herein are applicable to any communication standard, such as WiFi, or more generally any member of the IEEE 802.11 wireless protocol family. For example, the various aspects described herein can be used as part of an IEEE 802.11 protocol such as the 802.11 protocol that supports orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) communications.

In some aspects, wireless signals can be transmitted according to the 802.11 protocol. In some implementations, a WLAN includes various devices that are components of an access wireless network. For example, there may be two types of devices: an access point (AP) and a client (also known as a station, or STA). In general, an AP can be used as a hub or base station for a WLAN, and a STA is used as a user of a WLAN. For example, the STA can be a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile phone, and the like. In an example, the STA connects to the AP via a WiFi-compliant wireless link to obtain general connectivity to the Internet or to other wide area networks. In some implementations, the STA can also be used as an AP.

An access point (AP) may also be included, implemented, or referred to as a base station, a wireless access point, an access node, or the like.

A station ("STA") may also be included, implemented, or referred to as an access terminal (AT), subscriber station, subscriber unit, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, user terminal, user agent. , user device, user device, or some other terminology. Accordingly, one or more aspects taught herein can be incorporated into a telephone (eg, a cellular or smart phone), a computer (eg, a laptop), a portable communication device, a handset, Portable computing devices (eg, personal data assistants), entertainment devices (eg, music or video equipment) A satellite radio, a gaming device or system, a global positioning system device, or any other suitable device configured for network communication via wireless media.

As discussed above, certain devices described herein may implement, for example, the 802.11 standard. Such devices (whether used as STAs or APs or other devices) can be used for smart metering or for use in smart grids. Such devices can be provided for sensor applications or used in home automation. These devices may alternatively or additionally be used in a healthcare environment, such as for personal health care. It can also be used to monitor Internet connectivity with extended reach (eg, for use with hotspots) or to implement machine-to-machine communication.

It may be beneficial to allow multiple devices, such as stations (STAs), to simultaneously communicate with an access point (AP). For example, this may allow multiple STAs to receive responses from the AP in less time and be able to transmit and receive data with the AP with less delay. This may also allow the AP to communicate with a larger number of devices as a whole, and may also make bandwidth usage more efficient. By using multiplexed access communication, the AP may be able to multiplex one-time orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols to, for example, four devices at 80 MHz bandwidth, with each device utilizing a 20 MHz bandwidth. Therefore, multiplex access can be beneficial in some aspects as it can allow the AP to use the spectrum available to it more efficiently.

It has been proposed to implement such a multiplex access protocol in an OFDM system, such as the 802.11 family, by assigning different subcarriers (or tones) of symbols transmitted between the AP and each STA to different STAs. In this way, the AP can communicate with multiple STAs with a single transmitted OFDM symbol, where different tones of the symbol are decoded and processed by different STAs, thereby allowing simultaneous data to multiple STAs. transfer. These systems are sometimes referred to as OFDMA systems.

Such tone allocation schemes are referred to herein as "high efficiency" (HE) systems, and data packets transmitted in such multi-tone distribution systems may be referred to as high efficiency (HE) packets. The various structures of such packets are described in detail below, including compatibility with the legacy version of the preamble signal field.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 100 in which various aspects of the present invention may be employed. The wireless communication system 100 can operate in accordance with wireless standards (eg, at least one of 802.11ah, 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, and 802.11b, and/or other/future 802.11 standards). The wireless communication system 100 can operate in accordance with a high efficiency wireless standard, such as the 802.11ax standard. The wireless communication system 100 can include an AP 104 that communicates with STAs 106A-106D (collectively referred to herein as STAs 106).

Various processes and methods can be used for transmission between the AP 104 and the STAs 106A-106D in the wireless communication system 100. For example, signals can be transmitted and received between the AP 104 and the STAs 106A-106D in accordance with OFDM/OFDMA techniques. If this is the case, the wireless communication system 100 can be referred to as an OFDM/OFDMA system. Alternatively, signals may be transmitted and received between the AP 104 and the STAs 106A-106D in accordance with a code division multiplex access (CDMA) technique. If this is the case, the wireless communication system 100 can be referred to as a CDMA system.

A communication link that facilitates transmissions from the AP 104 to one or more of the STAs 106A-106D may be referred to as a downlink (DL) 108, facilitating a communication chain from one or more STAs 106A-106D to the AP 104. The road may be referred to as an uplink (UL) 110. Alternatively, downlink 108 may be referred to as a forward link or a forward channel, and uplink 110 may be referred to as a reverse link or a reverse channel.

The AP 104 can act as a base station and provide wireless communication coverage in the Basic Service Area (BSA) 102. The AP 104, along with the STAs 106A-106D associated with the AP 104 and communicating using the AP 104, may be referred to as a Basic Service Set (BSS). It should be noted that the wireless communication system 100 may not have the central AP 104, but may operate as a peer-to-peer network between the STAs 106A-106D. Accordingly, the functionality of the AP 104 described herein may alternatively be performed by one or more STAs 106A-106D.

In some aspects, STA 106 can be required to associate with AP 104 to send communications to and/or receive communications from AP 104. In one aspect, information for association is included in the broadcast made by the AP 104. To receive such a broadcast, for example, the STA 106 can perform a wide coverage search on the coverage area. For example, the search may also be performed by the STA 106 by sweeping the coverage area in a lighthouse manner. Upon receiving the information for the association, the STA 106 can transmit a reference signal, such as an association probe or request, to the AP 104. In some aspects, the AP 104 can use a backhaul service, for example, to communicate with a larger network, such as the Internet or the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).

In an embodiment, the AP 104 includes an AP High Efficiency Wireless Controller (HEW) 154. The AP HEW 154 may perform some or all of the operations described herein to enable communication between the AP 104 and the STAs 106A-106D using the 802.11 protocol. The functionality of the AP HEW 154 is described in more detail below with respect to Figures 4 through 10.

Alternatively or additionally, the STAs 106A-106D may include a STA HEW 156. The STA HEW 156 may perform some or all of the operations described herein to enable communication between the STAs 106A-106D and the AP 104 using the 802.11 protocol. News. The functionality of the STA HEW 156 is described in more detail below with respect to Figures 2 through 10.

FIG. 2 illustrates various components that may be utilized in the wireless device 202 employed within the wireless communication system 100 of FIG. Wireless device 202 is an example of a device that can be configured to implement the various methods described herein. For example, wireless device 202 can include AP 104 or one of STAs 106A-106D.

Wireless device 202 can include a processor 204 that controls the operation of wireless device 202. Processor 204 may also be referred to as a central processing unit (CPU) or a hardware processor. Memory 206, which may include read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), or both, provides instructions and data to processor 204. A portion of the memory 206 may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM). The processor 204 typically performs logical and arithmetic operations based on program instructions stored within the memory 206. The instructions in memory 206 may be executable to implement the methods described herein.

Processor 204 may include or be a component of a processing system implemented with one or more processors. The one or more processors can use general purpose microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), controllers, state machines , Gating logic, individual hardware components, dedicated hardware finite state machines, or any combination of any other suitable entity capable of performing calculations or other manipulations of information.

The processing system can also include non-transitory machine readable media for storing software. Software should be interpreted broadly to mean any type of instruction, whether it is called software, firmware, mediation software, microcode, hardware description language. Or other. Instructions may include code (eg, in raw code format, binary code format, executable code format, or any other suitable code format). The instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the processing system to perform the various functions described herein.

The wireless device 202 can also include a housing 208 that can include a transmitter 210 and a receiver 212 to allow data transfer and reception between the wireless device 202 and a remote location. Transmitter 210 and receiver 212 can be combined into transceiver 214. Antenna 216 can be attached to housing 208 and electrically coupled to transceiver 214. Wireless device 202 may also include, for example, multiple transmitters, multiple receivers, multiple transceivers, and/or multiple antennas that may be utilized during multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communications.

The wireless device 202 can also include a signal detector 218 that can be used to attempt to detect and quantize the level of signals received by the transceiver 214. Signal detector 218 can detect signals such as total energy, energy per symbol per symbol, power spectral density, and other signals. Wireless device 202 can also include a digital signal processor (DSP) 220 for processing signals. The DSP 220 can be configured to generate a data unit for transmission. In some aspects, the data unit can include a physical layer data unit (PPDU). In some aspects, a PPDU is called a packet.

In some aspects, the wireless device 202 can further include a user interface 222. User interface 222 can include a keypad, a microphone, a speaker, and/or a display. User interface 222 can include any component or component that conveys information to and/or receives input from a user of wireless device 202.

The various components of wireless device 202 can be coupled together by busbar system 226. Busbar system 226 can include, for example, a data bus, as well as data There are also power bus, control signal bus and status signal bus outside the bus. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various components of wireless device 202 can be coupled together or accept or provide input to each other using some other mechanism.

Although several separate components are illustrated in Figure 2, those skilled in the art will recognize that one or more of the components can be combined or implemented in common. For example, processor 204 can be used to implement not only the functionality described above with respect to processor 204, but also the functionality described above with respect to signal detector 218 and/or DSP 220. Additionally, each of the components illustrated in Figure 2 can be implemented using a plurality of separate components.

As discussed above, the wireless device 202 can include one of the APs 104 or STAs 106A-106D and can be used to transmit and/or receive communications. The communications exchanged between devices in the wireless network may include a data unit, where the data unit may include a packet or frame. In some aspects, the data unit may include a data frame, a control frame, and/or a management frame. The data frame can be used to transmit data from the AP and/or STA to other APs and/or STAs. The control frame can be used with the data frame to perform various operations and for reliable delivery of data (eg, confirmation of receipt of data, polling of APs, area clearing operations, channel capture, carrier sensing maintenance functions, etc.) ). Management frames can be used for various supervisory functions (eg, for joining and leaving a wireless network, etc.).

Figure 3 illustrates the channel assignments for the channels available to the 802.11 system. Various IEEE 802.11 systems support several different sized channels, such as 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 MHz channels. For example, 802.11ac devices support 20, 40, and 80 MHz channel bandwidth reception and transmission. Larger channels may include two adjacent or separate smaller channels. For example, an 80MHz channel can include two Adjacent or separate 40MHz channels. In at least some IEEE 802.11 systems, the 20 MHz channel contains 64 subcarriers, which are separated from each other by 312.5 kHz. Of the secondary carriers, a smaller number can be used to carry data. For example, a 20 MHz channel may include a transmitted secondary carrier numbered -1 to -28 and 1 to 28, or 56 secondary carriers. Some of the carriers may also be used to transmit pilot signals.

Figures 4 and 5 illustrate data packet formats for several IEEE 802.11 standards. Turning first to Figure 4, the packet format for IEEE 802.11a, 11b, and 11g is illustrated. The frame includes a short training field 422, a long training field 424, and a signal field 426. The training field does not transmit material, but it allows synchronization between the AP and the receiving STA for decoding data in the data field 428.

Signal field 426 delivers information from the AP to the STA regarding the characteristics of the packet being delivered. In the IEEE 802.11b/g device, this signal field has a length of 24 bits and is transmitted as a single OFDM symbol at a rate of 6 Mb/s using BPSK modulation and a code rate of 1/2. The information in the SIG (Signal) field 426 includes 4 bits describing the modulation scheme (e.g., BPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, etc.) of the material in the packet, and 12 bits for the packet length. The information is used by the STA to decode the data in the packet when the packet is intended to be sent to the STA. When the packet is not intended to be destined for a particular STA, the STA can defer any communication attempts during the time period defined in the length field of the SIG symbol 426 and can be in the packet period of up to about 5.5 milliseconds in order to save power. Enter sleep mode during this period.

As features have been added to IEEE 802.11, resources have been developed The format of the SIG field in the packet is changed to provide additional information to the STA. Figure 5 shows the packet structure for IEEE 802.11n packets. The addition of 11n to the IEEE.802.11 standard adds MIMO functionality to IEEE.802.11 compliant devices. In order to provide legacy compatibility to systems including both IEEE 802.11b/g devices and IEEE 802.11n devices, data packets for IEEE 802.11n systems also include the STF, LTF, and SIG fields of such earlier systems. It is labeled L-STF 422, L-LTF 424, and L-SIG 426, where the preamble L indicates that it is an "old" field. In order to provide the STA with the required information in an IEEE 802.11n environment, two additional signal symbols 440 and 442 are added to the IEEE 802.11n data packet. However, in contrast to the SIG field and the L-SIG field 426, the signal fields use rotated BPSK modulation (also known as QBPSK modulation). When a legacy device configured to operate with IEEE 802.11b/g receives such a packet, it can receive and decode the L-SIG field 426 as a normal 11/b/g packet. However, as the device continues to decode the extra bits, the extra bits are not successfully decoded because the format of the data packet after the L-SIG field 426 is different from the format of the 11/b/g packet. And the CRC check performed by the device during the process may fail. This causes the legacy devices to stop processing the packet, but still delay any further operations until the time period defined by the length field in the originally decoded L-SIG has elapsed. In contrast, a new device that is compatible with IEEE 802.11n will sense the rotated modulation in the HT-SIG field and process the packet as an 802.11n packet. In addition, the 11n device can discern that the packet is intended to be sent to the 11/b/g device because if it senses any modulation other than QBPSK in the symbol following the L-SIG 426, it can treat it as 11/b/ g packets are ignored. After the HT-SIG1 and SIG2 symbols, it is available for MIMO communication. Additional training fields followed by information 428.

Figure 6 illustrates a frame format for the IEEE 802.11ac standard that adds multi-user MIMO functionality to the IEEE 802.11 family. Similar to IEEE 802.11n, the 802.11ac frame contains the same old short training field (L-STF) 422 and long training field (L-LTF) 424. The 802.11ac frame also contains the old signal field L as described above. -SIG 426.

Next, the 802.11ac frame includes ultra high throughput signals (VHT-SIG-A1 450 and VHT-SIG-A2 452) fields of two symbols in length. This signal field provides additional configuration information related to the 11ac features that are not present in the 11/b/g and 11n devices. The first OFDM symbol 450 of VHT-SIG-A may be modulated using BPSK such that any 802.11n device listening to the packet may consider the packet to be an 802.11a packet and may be defined in a length field such as L-SIG 426. The length of the packet is retraced in the packet. Devices configured according to 11/g can be expected to follow the service field and MAC header following the L-SIG 426 field. When it attempts to decode this content, a CRC failure may occur in a manner similar to the procedure when the 11n packet was received by the 11b/g device, and the 11/b/g device may also fall back as defined in the L-SIG field 426. Time period. The second symbol 452 of VHT-SIG-A is modulated with BPSK rotated by 90 degrees. The rotated second symbol allows the 802.11ac device to identify the packet as an 802.11ac packet. The VHT-SIGA1 450 and VHT-SIGA2 452 fields contain information about bandwidth mode, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for single-user scenarios, number of space-time streams (NSTS), and other information. VHT-SIGA1 450 and A2 452 may also contain a number of reserved bits set to "1". These legacy fields, as well as the VHT-SIGA1 and VHT-SIGA2 fields, can be copied at each 20 MHz of the available bandwidth. In some implementations, although copying is possible It is constructed to mean a copy or become an exact copy, but as generally described herein, there may be some differences when a field or the like is copied. For example, other implementations may intentionally copy the fields to have some differences.

Following VHT-SIG-A, the 802.11ac packet may include a VHT-STF configured to improve automatic gain control estimation in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmission. The next 1 to 8 fields of the 802.11ac packet can be VHT-LTF. These fields can be used to estimate the MIMO channel and then used to equalize the received signal. The number of VHT-LTFs transmitted may be greater than or equal to the number of spatial streams per user. Finally, the last field in the preamble signal before the data field is VHT-SIG-B 454. This field is BPSK modulated and provides information about the length of the useful material in the packet and provides the MCS in the case of multi-user (MU) MIMO packets. In the case of a single user (SU), the MCS information is instead included in the VHT-SIGA2. After following the VHT-SIG-B, the data symbol is transmitted.

Although 802.11ac introduces various new features to the 802.11 family, and includes data packets with preamble signal design compatible with 11g/n devices and legacy versions, and also provides the information necessary to implement the new features of 11ac, The 11ac data packet design does not provide configuration information about OFDMA tone allocation for multiplex access. The new preamble signal configuration is desirable for implementing such features in any future version of IEEE 802.11 or any other wireless network communication protocol using OFDM subcarriers.

Figure 7 illustrates an exemplary structure that can be used to enable physical layer packets that are compatible with legacy versions of multiplexed access wireless communication. In this example physical layer packet, the old preamble including L-STF 422, L-LTF 426, and L-SIG 426 The signal is included. In various embodiments, each of L-STF 422, L-LTF 426, and L-SIG 426 can be transmitted using 20 MHz, and multiple replicas can be used for each 20 MHz spectrum used by AP 104 (FIG. 1) To transfer. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrated physical layer package can include additional fields, and the fields can be rearranged, removed, and/or resized, and the contents of the fields are different. The packet also includes a HE-SIG0 symbol 455 and one or more HE-SIG1A symbols 457 (which may be variable in length), and an optional HE-SIG1B symbol 459 (which may be similar to the VHT of Figure 6) - SIG1B field 454). In various embodiments, the structure of the fields may be compatible with the IEEE 802.11b/g/n/ac device and the legacy version, and may also signal to the OFDMA HE device that the packet is a HE packet. In order to be compatible with legacy 802.11b/g/n/ac devices, an appropriate modulation can be used for each of the symbols. In some implementations, the HE-SIG0 field 455 can be modulated with BPSK modulation. This pair of 802.11b/g/n devices may have the same effect as the current case of an 802.11ac packet whose first SIG symbol is also BPSK modulated. For such devices, it does not matter what modulation the subsequent HE-SIG symbol 457 is. In various embodiments, the HE-SIG0 field 455 can be modulated and repeated across multiple channels.

In various embodiments, the HE-SIG1 field 457 can be BPSK or QBPSK modulated. If BPSK modulated, the 11ac device can assume that the packet is an 802.11b/g packet and can stop processing the packet and can retreat to the time defined by the length field of the L-SIG 426. If QBPSK modulated, the 802.11ac device can generate a CRC error during preamble signal processing, and can also stop processing the packet and can retreat to the time defined by the length field of the L-SIG. In order to transmit a notification to the HE device, this is a HE packet. At least a first symbol of HE-SIG1A 457 may be QBPSK modulated.

The information necessary to establish an OFDMA multiplex access communication can be placed in various locations in the HE-SIG fields 455, 457, and 459. In various embodiments, HE-SIG0 455 can include one or more of the following: a duration indication, a bandwidth indication (which can be, for example, 2 bits), a BSS color ID (which can be, for example, 3 bits), UL The /DL indication (which may be, for example, a 1-bit flag), a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) (which may be, for example, 4 bits), and a Clear Channel Evaluation (CCA) indication (which may be, for example, 2 bits).

In various embodiments, the HE-SIG1 field 457 may include tone allocation information regarding OFDMA operations. The example of Figure 7 may allow four different users to each be assigned a particular tone sub-band and a specific number of MIMO space-time streams. In various embodiments, the 12-bit space-time flow information allows three-bits for each of the four users, such that 1-8 streams can be assigned to each user. The 16-bit modulation type data allows four bits to be used for each of the four users, allowing any of 16 different modulation schemes (16QAM, 64QAM, etc.) to be assigned to four users. Every user. The 12-bit tone allocation data allows a particular sub-band to be assigned to each of the four users.

An example SIG field scenario for subband (also referred to herein as subchannel) allocation includes a 6-bit group ID field and 10 information bits to assign sub-band tones to four users Each of them. The bandwidth used to deliver the packet may be allocated to each STA in multiples of a certain number of MHz. For example, the bandwidth can be allocated to each STA in multiples of BMHz. The value of B can be a value such as 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, or 20 MHz. The value of B can be assigned by two bits of subtlety. The field is provided. For example, HE-SIG1A 457 may contain a 2-bit field that allows four possible values for B. For example, the value of B can be 5, 10, 15, or 20 MHz, which corresponds to the value 0-3 in the allocation subtle field. In some aspects, the k-bit field can be used for the value of the signal delivery notification B, which defines a number from 0 to N, where 0 represents the least flexible option (maximum subtleness) and the high value N represents The most flexible option (minimum nuance). Each B MHz portion can be referred to as a sub-band.

The HE-SIG1A 457 may further use the 2-bit per user to indicate the number of sub-bands allocated to each STA. This allows 0-3 subbands to be assigned to each user. A group id (G_ID) may be used to identify each STA that can receive data in an OFDMA packet. In this example, the 6-bit G_ID can identify up to four STAs in a particular order.

The training fields and materials transmitted after the HE-SIG symbol can be delivered by the AP according to the tone assigned to each STA. This information can potentially be beamformed. Beamforming this information may have certain advantages, such as allowing for more accurate decoding and/or providing a larger range than non-beamformed transmissions.

Different users may use different numbers of HE-LTFs 465 depending on the space time stream assigned to each user. Each STA may use a number of HE-LTFs 465 that allow channel estimation for each spatial stream associated with the STA, which may generally be equal to or greater than the number of spatial streams. LTF can also be used for frequency offset estimation and time synchronization. Since different STAs can receive different numbers of HE-LTFs, symbols that include HE-LTF information on some tones and data on other tones can be transmitted from the AP 104 (Fig. 1).

In some aspects, transmitting HE-LTF information on the same OFDM symbol Both the information and the information may be a problem. For example, this may increase the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) to an excessively high level. Therefore, it may be beneficial to transmit the HE-LTF 465 on all the tones of the transmitted symbols instead until each STA has received at least the required number of HE-LTFs 465. For example, each STA may need to receive one HE-LTF 465 for each spatial stream associated with the STA. Thus, the AP can be configured to transmit to each STA a number of HE-LTFs 465 equal to the maximum number of spatial streams assigned to any STA. For example, if three STAs are assigned a single spatial stream, but the fourth STA is assigned three spatial streams, then in this aspect, the AP can be configured to send to each of the four STAs before transmitting the symbol containing the payload data. One STA transmits four symbols of HE-LTF information.

The tones assigned to any given STA need not be contiguous. For example, in some implementations, the sub-bands of different recipient STAs can be interleaved. For example, if each of User-1 and User-2 receives three sub-bands and User-4 receives two sub-bands, the sub-bands may be interleaved across the entire AP bandwidth. For example, the sub-bands may be interleaved in an order such as 1, 2, 4, 1, 2, 4, 1, 2. In some aspects, other methods of interleaving sub-bands may also be used. In some aspects, interleaved sub-bands may reduce the negative effects of interference or the poor reception of reception from a particular device over a particular sub-band. In some aspects, the AP may transmit to the STA on the preferred sub-band of the STA. For example, some STAs may have better reception in some sub-bands than in other sub-bands. The AP may thus transmit to the STA based at least in part on which sub-bands the STA may have better reception. In some aspects, the sub-bands may also not be interleaved. For example, the sub-bands may instead be transmitted as 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4. In some aspects, whether or not the sub-bands are interleaved can be predefined.

In the example of Figure 7, HE-SIG0 455 symbol modulation can be used to signal the HE device to signal that the packet is a HE packet. Other methods of signaling the HE device to the HE device may also be used. In the example of Figure 7, L-SIG 426 may include information that instructs the HE device to have an HE preamble signal that can follow the legacy preamble signal. For example, L-SIG 426 may include a low energy 1 bit code on the Q track that indicates the presence of a subsequent HE preamble signal to the HE device that is sensitive to the Q signal during L-SIG 426. A very low amplitude Q signal can be used because the signal of the single bit can be spread across the entire tone used by the AP to transmit the packet. This code can be used by high efficiency devices to detect the presence of HE-preamble signals/packets. The L-SIG 426 detection sensitivity of legacy devices does not need to be significantly affected by this low energy code on the Q track. Thus, the devices may be able to read the L-SIG 426 and will not notice the presence of the code, and the HE device may be able to detect the presence of the code. In this implementation, all HE-SIG fields may be BPSK modulated (if desired), and any of the techniques described herein that are related to legacy compatibility may be used in conjunction with this L-SIG signal delivery.

In various embodiments, any of the HE-SIG fields 455-459 may include defining a user-specific modulation type of bit for each multiplexed user. For example, the optional HE-SIG1B field 459 can include defining a user-specific modulation type bit for each multiplexed user.

In some aspects, the wireless signal can be transmitted in a low rate (LR) mode, such as in accordance with the 802.11ax protocol. In particular, in some embodiments, the AP 104 may have a greater transmit power capability than the STA 106. In some embodiments, for example, STA 106 may transmit a few dB lower than AP 104. Therefore, the DL communication from the AP 104 to the STA 106 can have a ratio from the STA 106 to the AP. 104 UL communication has a larger range. In order to collapse the link budget, the LR mode can be used. In some embodiments, the LR mode can be used in both DL and UL communications. In other embodiments, the LR mode is only used for UL communications.

In some embodiments, HEW STA 106 can communicate using four times the symbol duration of the symbol duration of the legacy STA. Accordingly, each symbol transmitted can be 4 times longer in duration. In the case of using longer symbol durations, transmitting each individual tone may require only a quarter of the bandwidth. For example, in various embodiments, a 1x (1x) symbol duration can be 4ms, and a 4x (4x) symbol duration can be 16ms. Thus, in various embodiments, a 1x symbol may be referred to herein as an old symbol, and a 4x symbol may be referred to as a HEW symbol. In other embodiments, different durations are possible.

In some embodiments, the legacy device can be constrained to an L-SIG field with a length field that is divisible by three. For example, referring back to FIG. 6, L-SIG 426 may include a length field that is divisible by 3, which may also be described as a multiple of 3, or where length modulo 3 is equal to zero. In some embodiments, the HEW device may use an L-SIG field having a length that is divisible by 3 to indicate an HEW packet. For example, the length indicating modulo 3 can be equal to 1 or 2. In various embodiments, the modulus of the L-SIG length indication may indicate one or more of: a guard interval (GI) mode for one or more later symbols, or an HE-LTF compression mode.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary structure of an uplink or downlink physical layer packet 800 that can be used to enable wireless communication. In the illustrated embodiment, the physical layer packet 800 includes a legacy preamble signal 805 including L-STF 422, L-LTF 426, and L-SIG 805, and an HE preamble including HE-SIG0 815 and HE-SIG1 820. Signal 810, and payload 830. General practitioner in the field It will be appreciated that the illustrated physical layer package 800 can include additional fields, and the fields can be rearranged, removed, and/or resized, and the contents of the fields can be varied. For example, in various embodiments, HE preamble signal 810 can further include one or more of: HE-STF, HE-LTF, one or more additional HE-SIG1 fields, one or more repeated fields Wait.

Some aspects of the case support mixing MU-MIMO and OFDMA techniques in the same PPDU in the frequency domain. In some embodiments, the first portion of the PPDU bandwidth can be transmitted as one of at least one of MU-MIMO transmission and OFDMA transmission. The second portion of the PPDU bandwidth can be transmitted as one of at least one of MU-MIMO transmission and OFDMA transmission. In various embodiments, each portion may be referred to as a "zoning." Thus, in various embodiments, the first and second portions can include any combination, such as MU-MIMO/OFDMA, MU-MIMO/MU-MIMO, OFDMA/OFDMA, and OFDMA/OFDMA.

In some embodiments, the PPDU bandwidth can include more than two portions or zones. In some embodiments, the PPDU bandwidth can be limited to a single zone or up to two zones. In such embodiments, MU-MIMO or OFDMA transmissions can be simultaneously transmitted from the AP to multiple STAs and can create efficiency in wireless communication.

In various embodiments, each of L-STF 422, L-LTF 426, and L-SIG 426 can be transmitted using 20 MHz, and multiple replicas can be used for each 20 MHz spectrum used by AP 104 (FIG. 1) To transfer. Any combination of HE-SIG0 815, HE-STF 820, HE-STF, HE-LTF, HE-SIG1 820, and payload 830 may be transmitted for each of one or more OFDMA users. For example, two users can share the illustrated 40 MHz bandwidth, and a portion of the 40 MHz bandwidth can be unassigned.

Although packet 800 is referred to herein as a single packet, in various embodiments, the transmission associated with each zone or alternatively with each user may be referred to as a separate packet. Although packet 800 can be used for UL and DL transmissions, UL transmissions will be discussed in more detail herein. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the discussion related to UL transmissions from STAs 106 to APs 104 can also be applied to DL transmissions from APs 104 to STAs 106.

In the illustrated embodiment, packet 800 uses a 1x symbol duration. In other embodiments, the 4x symbol duration may be used for at least a portion of the packet 800, such as, for example, the HE preamble signal 810 and/or any portion of the payload 830. In the illustrated embodiment, the length of the L-STF 422 is 8 μs (ie, two 1x symbols), and the length of the L-LTF 424 is 8 μs (ie, two 1x symbols), L-SIG 426 The length is 4 μs (i.e., a 1x symbol), the length of HE-SIG0 815 is 4 μs (i.e., a 1x symbol), and the length of HE-SIG1 820 is 4 μs (i.e., a 1x symbol). In various embodiments, the length of the HE-STF can be from 4 μs (ie, a 1x symbol) to 8 μs (ie, two 1x symbols), and the HE-LTF can be a variable length, which can depend on the length. The number of spatial streams (NSS) used for transmission of payload 830.

L-SIG length field

In some embodiments, the L-SIG field 805 can include a length indication. As discussed herein, the HEW device can set the L-SIG 805 length indication to a value that is divisible by 3 to indicate that the packet 800 is an HEW packet. For example, the L-SIG 805 length indication can be set such that the length mode 3 (referred to herein as "LM3") is equal to 1 or 2. In some embodiments, a HEW device, such as STA 106 or AP 104, may populate packet 800 or otherwise adjust the length of the packet to match the L-SIG 805 length indication.

In one embodiment, the value modulo 3 of the L-SIG 805 length indication may indicate a guard interval (GI) mode for one or more later symbols. For example, in one embodiment, AP 104 may set LM3 to 1 to indicate that subsequent symbols will use a short guard interval (eg, 0.4 [mu]s). The AP 104 may set LM3 to 2 to indicate that subsequent symbols will use a long guard interval (eg, 0.8 [mu]s).

In other embodiments, the opposite can be used. Thus, AP 104 can set LM3 to 2 to indicate that subsequent symbols will use a short guard interval (eg, 0.4 [mu]s). The AP 104 may set LM3 to 1 to indicate that the subsequent symbols will use a long guard interval (eg, 0.8 [mu]s).

In other embodiments, LM3 may indicate one of three different guard intervals, such as short, medium, and long guard intervals (where the short guard interval is shorter than the medium guard interval, and the medium guard interval is then shorter than the long guard interval). The short, medium, and/or long guard interval indications may correspond to preset or dynamically determined guard interval lengths. As an example, LM3 = 0 may indicate the length of the short guard interval, LM3 = 1 may indicate the length of the medium guard interval, and LM3 = 2 may indicate the length of the long guard interval. However, such an example is merely illustrative, and any mapping from LM3 to the guard interval indication can be used.

In various embodiments, the GI mode indicated via LM3 may begin immediately after L-SIG 805. For example, the GI mode indicated via LM3 may begin at HE-SIG0 field 815. In some embodiments, the GI mode indicated via LM3 may begin at a predetermined number of symbols after L-SIG 805 (such as 1 symbol after L-SIG 805). Setting the GI mode, for example, to have 1 symbol after the L-SIG 805 allows the hardware butterfly to adapt to the new GI mode. Therefore, in one In some embodiments, the GI mode indicated via LM3 may begin at HE-SIG1 field 820.

In some embodiments, one or more subsequent fields (such as, for example, HE-SIG0 field 815 or HE-SIG1 field 820) may be repeated in time or in a frequency subcarrier (tone). LM3 may indicate whether a particular subsequent field is repeated in packet 800. For example, LM3=1 may indicate that the HE-SIG0 field 815 is not repeated, and LM3=2 may indicate that the HE-SIG0 field 815 is repeated (or vice versa in other embodiments). The LM3 can indicate one of three repeat options. For example, LM3=0 may indicate that no subsequent fields are repeated, LM3=1 may indicate that the HE-SIG0 field 815 is repeated, and LM3=2 may indicate that the HE-SIG1 field 820 is repeated.

In some embodiments, one or more subsequent symbols may have more than one GI option, such as, for example, a short or long guard interval. LM3 can indicate if there are some subsequent symbols with more than one GI option. For example, LM3=1 may indicate that one or more subsequent symbols have multiple GI options, and LM3=2 may indicate that subsequent symbols have only one GI option (or vice versa in other embodiments). The LM3 can indicate one of three GI options. For example, LM3=0 may indicate that subsequent fields have only one GI option, LM3=1 may indicate that some subsequent fields have two GI options, and LM3=2 may indicate that some subsequent fields have 3 GI options.

In some embodiments, one or more subsequent symbols may have more than one MCS option. LM3 can indicate if there are some subsequent symbols with more than one MCS option. For example, LM3 = 1 may indicate that one or more subsequent symbols have multiple MCS options, and LM3 = 2 may indicate that subsequent symbols have only one MCS option (or vice versa in other embodiments). The LM3 can indicate one of three MCS options. For example, LM3=0 can indicate that subsequent fields have only one MCS option. LM3=1 may indicate that there are some subsequent fields with two MCS options, and LM3=2 may indicate that there are some subsequent fields with 3 MCS options.

In some embodiments, LM3 may indicate a particular MCS for HE-SIG0 815 and/or HE-SIG1 820. For example, LM3 = 1 may indicate that one or more subsequent symbols use MCS 0, and LM3 = 2 may indicate that subsequent symbols use MCS 1 (or vice versa in other embodiments). The LM3 can indicate one of three MCS options. For example, LM3=0 may indicate that subsequent fields use MCS 0, LM3=1 may indicate that some subsequent fields use MCS 1, and LM3=2 may indicate that some subsequent fields use MCS 2. Although the above examples are illustrative, different LM3 values may correspond to any particular preset or dynamically determined MCS.

In some embodiments, one or more subsequent symbols can optionally support a lower signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). The lower SINR may be lower than the SINR of other symbols in the packet 800. LM3 may indicate if there are some subsequent symbols to support the lower SINR. For example, LM3 = 1 may indicate that one or more subsequent symbols support the lower SINR, and LM3 = 2 may indicate that subsequent symbols do not support the lower SINR (or vice versa in other embodiments). The LM3 can indicate one of three SINR support options. For example, LM3=0 may indicate that subsequent fields do not support a lower SINR, LM3=1 may indicate that some subsequent fields support a lower SINR, and LM3=2 may indicate that some subsequent fields support more than two SINR options.

In some embodiments, one or more subsequent symbols can optionally support multiple compression modes. LM3 may indicate if there are some subsequent symbols to support the lower SINR. For example, LM3 = 1 may indicate that one or more subsequent symbols support multiple compression modes, and LM3 = 2 may indicate that subsequent symbols do not support multiple compression modes (or vice versa in other embodiments). LM3 can be used to indicate a specific field ( A compression mode such as, for example, the HE-LTF field. For example, LM3=1 may indicate that the HE-LTF field uses the first compression mode, and LM3=2 may indicate that the HE-LTF field uses the first compression mode (or vice versa in other embodiments). The LM3 can indicate one of three compression mode options. For example, LM3=0 may indicate that the HE-LTF field uses the first compression mode, LM3=1 may indicate that the HE-LTF field uses the second compression mode, and LM3=2 may indicate that the HE-LTF field uses the third compression mode .

FIG. 9 illustrates another exemplary structure of an uplink or downlink physical layer packet 900 that can be used to enable wireless communication. In the illustrated embodiment, the physical layer packet 900 includes a legacy preamble signal 805 including L-STF 422, L-LTF 426, and L-SIG 805, a repeated L-SIG 910, including HE-SIG0 815, and HE- The HE preamble signal 810 of SIG1 820, and the payload 830. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrated physical layer package 900 can include additional fields, and that the fields can be rearranged, removed, and/or resized, and the contents of the fields are different. For example, in various embodiments, HE preamble signal 810 can further include one or more of: HE-STF, HE-LTF, one or more additional HE-SIG1 fields, one or more repeated fields Wait.

Some aspects of the case support mixing MU-MIMO and OFDMA techniques in the same PPDU in the frequency domain. In some embodiments, the first portion of the PPDU bandwidth can be transmitted as one of at least one of MU-MIMO transmission and OFDMA transmission. The second portion of the PPDU bandwidth can be transmitted as one of at least one of MU-MIMO transmission and OFDMA transmission. In various embodiments, each portion may be referred to as a "zoning." Thus, in various embodiments, the first and second portions can include any combination, such as MU-MIMO/OFDMA, MU-MIMO/MU-MIMO, OFDMA/OFDMA and OFDMA/OFDMA.

In some embodiments, the PPDU bandwidth can include more than two portions or zones. In some implementations, the PPDU bandwidth can be limited to a single zone or up to two zones. In such embodiments, MU-MIMO or OFDMA transmissions can be simultaneously transmitted from the AP to multiple STAs and can create efficiency in wireless communication.

In various embodiments, each of L-STF 422, L-LTF 426, and L-SIG 426 can be transmitted using 20 MHz, and multiple replicas can be for each 20 MHz spectrum used by AP 104 (FIG. 1). Transfer. Any combination of HE-SIG0 815, HE-STF 820, HE-STF, HE-LTF, HE-SIG1 820, and payload 830 may be transmitted for each of one or more OFDMA users. For example, two users can share the illustrated 40 MHz bandwidth, and a portion of the 40 MHz bandwidth can be unassigned.

Although packet 900 is referred to herein as a single packet, in various embodiments, the transmission associated with each zone or alternatively with each user may be referred to as a separate packet. Although packet 900 can be used for UL and DL transmissions, UL transmissions will be discussed in more detail herein. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the discussion related to UL transmissions from STAs 106 to APs 104 can also be applied to DL transmissions from APs 104 to STAs 106.

In the illustrated embodiment, the packet 900 uses a 1x symbol duration. In other embodiments, the 4x symbol duration can be used for at least a portion of the packet 900, such as, for example, the HE preamble signal 810 and/or any portion of the payload 830. In the illustrated embodiment, the length of the L-STF 422 is 8 μs (ie, two 1x symbols), and the length of the L-LTF 424 is 8 μs (ie, two 1x symbols), L-SIG 426 The length is 4μs (that is, a 1x symbol), HE-SIG0 815 The length is 4 μs (that is, a 1x symbol), and the length of HE-SIG1 820 is 4 μs (that is, a 1x symbol). In various embodiments, the length of the HE-STF can be from 4 μs (ie, a 1x symbol) to 8 μs (ie, two 1x symbols), and the HE-LTF can be a variable length, which can depend on the length. The number of spatial streams (NSS) used for transmission of payload 830.

As shown in FIG. 9, the L-SIG field 805 is repeated as the repeated L-SIG field 910 (RL-SIG). In various embodiments, the L-SIG field 805 can be repeated in time or in a frequency subcarrier (tone). The repeated L-SIG field 910 may include the same length indication of the L-SIG field 805. Thus, as discussed above, the HEW device may set the repeated L-SIG 910 length indication to a value that is divisible by 3 to indicate that the packet 800 is an HEW packet.

In various embodiments, the GI mode indicated via LM3 may begin immediately after L-SIG 805. For example, the GI mode indicated via LM3 may begin at the repeated L-SIG 910. In some embodiments, the GI mode indicated via LM3 may begin at a predetermined number of symbols after L-SIG 805 (such as 1 symbol after L-SIG 805). Setting the GI mode, for example, to have 1 symbol after the L-SIG 805 allows the hardware butterfly to adapt to the new GI mode. Thus, in some embodiments, the GI mode indicated via LM3 may begin at HE-SIG0 field 815. In other embodiments, the GI mode indicated via LM3 may begin immediately after repeated L-SIG 910 or at a predetermined number of symbols (eg, 1 symbol) after repeated L-SIG 910.

In the illustrated embodiment, RL-SIG 910 includes all or a portion of the repetition of L-SIG field 805. For example, in an embodiment, RL-SIG 910 may include repetition of even tones of L-SIG field 805. In an embodiment, the RL-SIG 910 may include repetition of odd tones of L-SIG field 805. In an embodiment, RL-SIG 910 may include a repetition of every X tones of L-SIG field 805, where X is the ratio of the symbol duration of L-SIG field 805 to the symbol duration of RL-SIG 910. In one embodiment, HE-SIG0 815 is 4 [mu]s plus a guard interval (GI).

In various embodiments, STA 106 may encode HE-SIG or other information in the polarity of the repeated symbols. For example, to encode 1, STA 106 may multiply the repeated bits in L-SIG field 805 by -1. To encode 0, STA 106 may multiply the repeated bits in L-SIG field 805 by 1, etc. Wait. In various embodiments, the positive and negative repetition polarities may represent 0 and 1, respectively. In other embodiments, different encodings are possible. Note that in one embodiment, the information bit [0, 1] can become a modulation bit [1, -1]. Therefore, changing the polarity of a symbol can mean multiplying it by ±1 instead of [0,1].

Masking the RL-SIG

The RL-SIG field 910 can be used to provide early detection of HEW communications. For example, STA 106 receiving packet 900 may cause RL-SIG 910 to autocorrelate via time domain or frequency domain. In some embodiments, an autocorrelation above a threshold may be interpreted as an HEW packet. Accordingly, the HEW STA 106 can continue to decode the packet 900, while the non-HEW STA can stop decoding the packet 900. In addition, the RL-SIG field 910 may provide an additional opportunity for the receiver to decode the information in the L-SIG 805. When the packet is not intended for a particular STA, the STA may defer any communication attempts during the time period defined in the L-SIG 805 or RL-SIG 910 and may enter the sleep mode during the packet period in order to save power.

In various embodiments, RL-SIG 910 is the exact repetition of L-SIG field 805. Such embodiments may experience errors in packet detection. For example, Time aligned HEW packets can be transmitted in adjacent frequency bands. In such an embodiment, the leakage from the adjacent HEW packet (which may have a duration equal to the duration of the L-SIG 805 plus the duration of the RL-SIG 910) may be strong enough to interfere with the autocorrelation for the packet 900. As another example, narrow frequency spurious signals (eg, from nearby electronic devices) may degrade autocorrelation. Accordingly, in some embodiments, RL-SIG 910 is not an exact repetition of L-SIG 805.

In some embodiments, the polarity of the RL-SIG 910 does not carry additional information. Instead, the RL-SIG 910 can be masked with a sequence of ±1 to improve the robustness of the RL-SIG 910 detection. For example, the transmitter can multiply the RL-SIG 910 by a sequence of ±1 in the frequency domain. For example, multiplication can be done at the field, symbol, or bit level. In various embodiments, the sequence may be predetermined, dynamically determined, retrieved from memory, negotiated, or otherwise known to both the transmitter and the receiver. The receiver can reverse the process by multiplying the received RL-SIG 910 by a sequence of ±1 prior to autocorrelation. Accordingly, the effect of sinusoidal interference on early detection can be reduced or eliminated.

Although the masking of the RL-SIG 910 is described above, the methods can be applied to the repetition of any of the other fields discussed herein. For example, in some embodiments, HE-SIG0 815 and/or HE-SIG1 820 may be repeated one or more times. Such repetitions can similarly be masked with a sequence of ±1.

FIG. 10 illustrates a flow chart 1000 of an exemplary wireless communication method that can be employed within the wireless communication system 100 of FIG. The method can be implemented in whole or in part by the apparatus described herein, such as the wireless device 202 shown in FIG. 2. Although the illustrated method is herein referred to the wireless communication system 100 discussed above with respect to FIG. 1 and the packets discussed above with respect to FIGS. 8-9 800 and 900 are described, but one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrated method can be implemented by another device described herein, or by any other suitable device, such as STA 106 and/or AP 104. Although the methods illustrated are described herein with reference to a particular order, in various embodiments, the various blocks herein may be performed in a different order, or omitted, and additional blocks may be added.

First, at block 1010, the wireless device generates a packet. The packet includes a first preamble signal field. For example, the AP 104 can generate the packet 900 of Figure 9 as the packet. The packet 900 can include a legacy preamble signal 805 as a first preamble signal field.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field can be capable of being decoded by a plurality of devices, and the packet can include a second preamble signal field that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. For example, packet 900 can include an HE preamble signal 810 as a second preamble signal. The second preamble signal field may include a HE-SIG0 field 815 or a HE-SIG1 field 820 as a second signal field.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field may include a length indication that is not a multiple of three. For example, the L-SIG 805 can include a length indication such that the length modulo 3 is equal to 1 or 2. In various embodiments, the length mode 3 can indicate one or more wireless communication parameters as discussed herein.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field may include a legacy signal (L-SIG) field, the legacy preamble signal can be decoded by a plurality of devices, and the first repeated preamble signal field can include Repeat the old signal (RL-SIG) field.

Next, at block 1020, the wireless device generates a first repeated preamble signal field by multiplying the first preamble signal field by the first frequency domain polarity sequence. Bit. For example, AP 104 may generate RL-SIG 910 as the first repeated preamble signal field. In various embodiments, the first polarity sequence can include a predetermined sequence of -1 or +1.

Subsequently, at block 1030, the wireless device transmits the packet. The packet includes a first preamble signal field and a first repetitive preamble signal field. For example, the AP 104 can transmit the packet 900 to one or more STAs 106. The packet 900 can include an L-SIG 805 and an RL-SIG 910.

In various embodiments, the method can further include generating a second repeated preamble signal field by multiplying the second preamble signal field by the second frequency domain polarity sequence. The packet can include a second repeated preamble signal field. For example, the second repeated preamble signal field may be a predetermined sequence of HE-SIG0 815 and/or HE-SIG1 920 times -1 or +1 and is repeated in packet 900. In various embodiments, the second frequency domain polarity sequence may be the same as the first frequency domain polarity sequence. In other embodiments, the second frequency domain polarity sequence may be different than the first frequency domain polarity sequence.

In an embodiment, the method includes generating a packet at the wireless device. The packet includes an old preamble signal containing a legacy signal (L-SIG) field that can be decoded by a plurality of devices. The packet further includes a second preamble signal that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. The second preamble signal may be defined for communication according to a newer protocol different from the one used in some legacy systems, such as the IEEE 802.11ax high efficiency protocol. The method further includes generating a repeated L-SIG field (RL-SIG) by masking the first preamble signal field with a sequence of ±1 in the frequency domain. The method further includes transmitting the packet from the wireless device. The packet includes the L-SIG field and the RL-SIG field. .

In an embodiment, the method illustrated in FIG. 10 may be implemented in a wireless device that may include generating circuitry and transmitting circuitry. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a wireless device can have more components than the simplified wireless device described herein. The wireless devices described herein include components that are useful for describing some of the features that fall within the scope of the claims.

The generation circuitry can be configured to generate a packet. In some embodiments, the generation circuitry can be configured to perform at least block 1010 or 1020 of FIG. The generation circuit may include one or more of the following: a processor 204 (Fig. 2), a memory 206 (Fig. 2), and a DSP 220 (Fig. 2). In some implementations, the means for generating can include the generating circuitry.

The transmitting circuit can be configured to transmit the packet. In some embodiments, the transmitting circuitry can be configured to perform at least block 1030 of FIG. The transmission circuit can include one or more of the following: transmitter 210 (Fig. 2), antenna 216 (Fig. 2), and transceiver 214 (Fig. 2). In some implementations, the means for transferring can include the transfer circuitry.

FIG. 11 illustrates a flow chart 1100 of an exemplary wireless communication method that may be employed within the wireless communication system 100 of FIG. The method can be implemented in whole or in part by the apparatus described herein, such as the wireless device 202 shown in FIG. 2. Although the illustrated method is described herein with reference to the wireless communication system 100 discussed above with respect to FIG. 1 and the packages 800 and 900 discussed above with respect to FIGS. 8-9, those of ordinary skill in the art will be Yes, the illustrated method can be implemented by another device described herein, or any other suitable device, such as STA 106 and/or AP 104. Although the method described is in this The text is described with reference to a particular order, but in various embodiments, the various blocks herein may be performed in a different order, or omitted, and additional blocks may be added.

First, at block 1110, the wireless device receives a packet including a first preamble signal field and a first repetitive preamble signal field. For example, STA 106 may receive packet 900 of Figure 9 as the packet. The packet 900 can include a legacy preamble signal 805 as a first preamble signal field and an RL-SIG 910 as a first repetitive preamble signal field.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field can be capable of being decoded by a plurality of devices, and the packet can include a second preamble signal field that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. For example, packet 900 can include an HE preamble signal 810 as a second preamble signal. The second preamble signal field may include a HE-SIG0 field 815 or a HE-SIG1 field 820.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field may include a length indication that is not a multiple of three. For example, the L-SIG 805 can include a length indication such that the length modulo 3 is equal to 1 or 2. In various embodiments, the length mode 3 can indicate one or more wireless communication parameters as discussed herein.

In various embodiments, the first preamble signal field may include a legacy signal (L-SIG) field, the legacy preamble signal can be decoded by a plurality of devices, and the first repeated preamble signal field can include Repeat the old signal (RL-SIG) field.

Next, at block 1120, the wireless device generates a first corrected preamble signal field by multiplying the first repeated preamble signal field by the first frequency domain polarity sequence. For example, STA 106 may multiply RL-SIG 910 by the inverse of a predetermined sequence used by AP 104 to generate -1 or +1 of RL-SIG 910. Therefore, STA 106 can Restore the original L-SIG 805 from the RL-SIG 910.

Subsequently, at block 1130, the wireless device autocorrelates the first preamble signal field with the first corrected preamble signal field. For example, STA 106 may autocorrelate L-SIG 805 from RL-SIG 910.

In various embodiments, the method further includes avoiding decoding the packet when the result of the autocorrelation is below a threshold. For example, STA 106 can compare the results of the autocorrelation with a threshold. When the result is equal to or above the threshold, the STA 106 may determine that the packet 900 is an HEW packet and continue decoding the packet. When the result is below the threshold, STA 106 may decide that packet 900 is not an HEW packet and may stop decoding the packet. For example, STA 106 can enter a low power mode.

In various embodiments, the packet can include a second repeated preamble signal field. The method can further include generating a second corrected preamble signal field by multiplying the second preamble signal field by the second frequency domain polarity sequence. For example, the second repeated preamble signal field may be a predetermined sequence of HE-SIG0 815 and/or HE-SIG1 920 multiplied by -1 or +1 at AP 104, which may be multiplied at STA 106 The inverse of a predetermined sequence of 1 or +1.

In an embodiment, the method includes receiving a packet at a wireless device. The packet includes an old preamble signal containing a legacy signal (L-SIG) field that can be decoded by a plurality of devices. The packet further includes a repeated L-SIG field (RL-SIG). The packet further includes a second preamble signal that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. The method further includes generating a corrected L-SIG field by masking the RL-SIG field with an inverse of ±1 in the frequency domain. The method further includes autocorrelating the L-SIG field to the corrected L-SIG field.

In an embodiment, the method illustrated in FIG. 11 may be implemented in a wireless device that may include a receiving circuit, a generating circuit, and an autocorrelation circuit. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a wireless device can have more components than the simplified wireless device described herein. The wireless devices described herein include components that are useful for describing some of the features that fall within the scope of the claims.

The receiving circuit can be configured to receive the packet. In some embodiments, the receiving circuitry can be configured to perform at least block 1110 of FIG. The receiving circuit may include one or more of the following: a receiver 212 (Fig. 2), an antenna 216 (Fig. 2), and a transceiver 214 (Fig. 2). In some implementations, the means for receiving can include a receiving circuit.

The generation circuitry can be configured to generate a corrected preamble signal field. In some embodiments, the generation circuitry can be configured to perform at least block 1120 of FIG. The generation circuit may include one or more of the following: a processor 204 (Fig. 2), a memory 206 (Fig. 2), and a DSP 220 (Fig. 2). In some implementations, the means for generating can include the generating circuitry.

The autocorrelation circuit can be configured to perform an autocorrelation. In some embodiments, the setup circuitry can be configured to perform at least block 1130 of FIG. The autocorrelation circuit may include one or more of the following: a processor 204 (Fig. 2), a memory 206 (Fig. 2), a DSP 220 (Fig. 2), and an autocorrelator. In some implementations, the means for autocorrelation can include an autocorrelation circuit.

One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that information and signals can be represented using any of a wide variety of different techniques and techniques. For example, the materials, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and wafers that may be described throughout the above description may be voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields, or magnetic particles. , light field or light particle, or any combination thereof.

Various modifications to the implementations described in this disclosure may be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the implementations shown herein, but rather, the scope of the invention should be accorded to the scope of the invention, the principles and novel features disclosed herein. The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any implementation described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous.

As used herein, the term "quoting at least one of the items" refers to any combination of the items, including a single member. As a first example, "at least one of a and b" (also "a or b") is intended to cover: a, b, and ab, and any combination of multiple identical elements (eg, aa, aaa, aab, Abb, bb, bbb, or any other ordering of a and b) As a second example, "at least one of a, b, and c" (also "a, b, or c") is intended to cover: a, b, c , ab, ac, bc, and abc, and any combination of multiple identical elements (eg, aa, aaa, aab, aac, abb, acc, bb, bbb, bbc, cc, and ccc, or a, b, and c Any other sorting).

Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can be implemented in a plurality of implementations or in any suitable subgroup. Moreover, although the features may be described above as acting in some combination and even initially so claimed, One or more features of the claimed combination may be removed from the combination in some cases, and the claimed combination may be directed to subgroup combinations, or variations of subgroup combinations.

The various operations of the methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing such operations, such as various hardware and/or software components, circuits, and/or modules. In general, any of the operations illustrated in the figures can be performed by corresponding functional components capable of performing such operations.

The various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the present disclosure can be implemented as general purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), special application integrated circuits (ASICs), on-site, which are designed to perform the functions described herein. A programmed gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), individual gate or transistor logic, individual hardware components, or any combination thereof, implemented or executed. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

In one or more aspects, the functions described can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions can be stored on or transmitted as computer readable media as one or more instructions or codes. Computer readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media, including any media that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. The storage medium can be any available media that can be accessed by the computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage device, or may be used to carry or store instructions or data structures. Any other medium of the form of expected code that can be accessed by a computer. Any connection is also properly referred to as computer readable media. For example, if the software is transmitted from a web site, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave. The coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair cable, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of the media. As used herein, a disk (Disk) and disc (Disc), includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc where disks (Disk) often magnetically while discs reproduce data (disc) reproduce data optically with laser. Thus, in some aspects, computer readable media can include non-transitory computer readable media (eg, tangible media). Additionally, in some aspects, computer readable media can include transitory computer readable media (eg, signals). Combinations of the above may also be included in the scope of computer readable media.

The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions for achieving the methods described. The method steps and/or actions may be interchanged without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims.

In addition, it can be appreciated that modules and/or other suitable components for performing the methods and techniques described herein can be downloaded and/or otherwise obtained by a user terminal and/or a base station where applicable. For example, such a device can It is coupled to a server to facilitate the transfer of components for performing the methods described herein. Alternatively, the various methods described herein can be provided via a storage component (eg, RAM, ROM, physical storage media such as a compact disc (CD) or floppy disk, etc.) such that once the storage member is coupled to or provided to the storage member Various methods are available for the device, the user terminal and/or the base station. Moreover, any other suitable technique suitable for providing the methods and techniques described herein to a device may be utilized.

Although the foregoing is directed to the various aspects of the present invention, other and further aspects of the present invention can be devised without departing from the basic scope and the scope thereof is determined by the appended claims.

100‧‧‧Wireless communication system

102‧‧‧Basic Service Area (BSA)

104‧‧‧AP

106A‧‧‧STA

106B‧‧‧STA

106C‧‧‧STA

106D‧‧‧STA

108‧‧‧Downlink (DL)

110‧‧‧Uplink (UL)

154‧‧‧AP High Efficiency Wireless Controller (HEW)

156A‧‧‧STA HEW

156B‧‧‧STA HEW

156C‧‧‧STA HEW

156D‧‧‧STA HEW

Claims (20)

A method of wireless communication, comprising the steps of: generating a packet including a first preamble signal field at a wireless device; by multiplying the first preamble signal field by a first frequency domain polarity sequence Generating a first repeated preamble signal field; and transmitting the packet from the wireless device, wherein the packet includes the first preamble signal field and the first repetitive preamble signal field. The method of claim 1, wherein the first preamble signal field is capable of being decoded by a plurality of devices, and the packet includes a second preamble signal field that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. . The method of claim 1, wherein the first frequency domain polarity sequence comprises a predetermined sequence of -1 or +1. The method of claim 1, wherein the first preamble signal field includes a length indication that is not a multiple of three. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of: generating a second repeated preamble signal field by multiplying a second preamble signal field by a second frequency domain polarity sequence, wherein the packet The second repeated preamble signal field is included. The method of claim 1, wherein: the first preamble signal field includes a legacy signal (L-SIG) field, the old preamble signal can be decoded by a plurality of devices; and the first pre-repetition The sequence signal field includes a repeated old signal (RL-SIG) field. An apparatus configured to perform wireless communication, comprising: a processor configured to: generate a packet including a first preamble signal field; and multiply the first preamble signal field by a first a frequency domain polarity sequence to generate a first repeated preamble signal field; and a transmitter configured to transmit the packet from the device, wherein the packet includes the first preamble signal field and the The preamble signal field is repeated. The device of claim 7, wherein the first preamble signal field is capable of being decoded by a plurality of devices, and the packet includes a second preamble signal field that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices. . The device of claim 7, wherein the first frequency domain polarity sequence comprises a predetermined sequence of -1 or +1. The device of claim 7, wherein the first preamble signal field includes a length indication that is not a multiple of three. The device of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to generate a second repeated preamble signal field by multiplying a second preamble signal field by a second frequency domain polarity sequence, Wherein the packet includes the another repeated preamble signal field. The device of claim 7, wherein: the first preamble signal field includes a legacy signal (L-SIG) field, the legacy preamble signal can be decoded by a plurality of devices; and the first pre-repetition The sequence signal field includes a repeated old signal (RL-SIG) field. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for generating a packet including a first preamble signal field; for multiplying the first preamble signal field by a first frequency domain polarity sequence Generating a first repeated preamble signal field component; and means for transmitting the packet from the device, wherein the packet includes the first preamble signal field and the first repetitive preamble signal field . The device of claim 13, wherein the first preamble signal field is capable of being decoded by a plurality of devices, and the packet includes a second preamble signal field that can only be decoded by a subset of the plurality of devices . The device of claim 13, wherein the first frequency domain polarity sequence comprises A predetermined sequence of -1 or +1. The device of claim 13, wherein the first preamble signal field includes a length indication that is not a multiple of three. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising means for generating a second repeated preamble signal field by multiplying the second preamble signal field by a second frequency domain polarity sequence, wherein the packet The other repeated preamble signal field is included. The device of claim 13, wherein: the first preamble signal field includes a legacy signal (L-SIG) field, the legacy preamble signal can be decoded by a plurality of devices; and the first pre-repetition The sequence signal field includes a repeated old signal (RL-SIG) field. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising code, the code, when executed, causing a device to: generate a packet including a first preamble signal field; by multiplying the first preamble signal field by one a first frequency domain polarity sequence to generate a first repeated preamble signal field; and transmitting the packet from the device, wherein the packet includes the first preamble signal field and the first repeated preamble signal field . The media of claim 19, wherein: the first preamble signal field includes a legacy signal (L-SIG) field, the legacy preamble signal can be decoded by a plurality of devices; and the first repeated preamble signal The field includes a repeated old signal (RL-SIG) field.