TW201631787A - Silver paste composition, front electrode for solar cell formed using it, and solar cell employing it - Google Patents
Silver paste composition, front electrode for solar cell formed using it, and solar cell employing it Download PDFInfo
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- TW201631787A TW201631787A TW104125389A TW104125389A TW201631787A TW 201631787 A TW201631787 A TW 201631787A TW 104125389 A TW104125389 A TW 104125389A TW 104125389 A TW104125389 A TW 104125389A TW 201631787 A TW201631787 A TW 201631787A
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- solar cell
- paste composition
- silver paste
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 trimethyl pentanyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- OMVSWZDEEGIJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentadienol diisobutyrate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OC(C(C)C)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)C OMVSWZDEEGIJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000239659 Eucalyptus pulverulenta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QYMFNZIUDRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butanedioate;dimethyl hexanedioate;dimethyl pentanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC.COC(=O)CCCC(=O)OC.COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC QYMFNZIUDRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DOVZUKKPYKRVIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-yl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(C)COC DOVZUKKPYKRVIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOC(C)=O VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NQBXSWAWVZHKBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOC(C)=O NQBXSWAWVZHKBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COCCCOCCCO QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl adipate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC UDSFAEKRVUSQDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012461 cellulose resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XTDYIOOONNVFMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl pentanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCC(=O)OC XTDYIOOONNVFMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RHFOYRRUVLOOJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxyethane;propanoic acid Chemical compound CCOCC.CCC(O)=O RHFOYRRUVLOOJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- DAFHKNAQFPVRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)C DAFHKNAQFPVRKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010406 interfacial reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl succinate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC MUXOBHXGJLMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HXNDUMRFWWGNQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [5,5-dimethyl-1-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)hexyl] 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound C(C(C)C)(=O)OC(CCCC(C)(C)C)OC(C(C)C)=O HXNDUMRFWWGNQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010344 co-firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZXOYHFNGXIKXGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl hexanedioate 2,2-dimethylhexanedioic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC.CC(C)(CCCC(O)=O)C(O)=O ZXOYHFNGXIKXGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002003 electrode paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic chloride Chemical compound ClP=O RLOWWWKZYUNIDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKCBAIGFKIBETG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracaine Chemical compound CCCCNC1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCN(C)C)C=C1 GKCBAIGFKIBETG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002372 tetracaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
- H01B1/16—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/032—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
Description
本發明係關於一種銀膠組合物、一種使用彼形成之用於太陽能電池的前電極(front electrode)、以及一種利用彼之太陽能電池。 The present invention relates to a silver paste composition, a front electrode for use in forming a solar cell, and a solar cell utilizing the same.
太陽能電池，其為一種由太陽能產生電能的電池，其因太陽能為一種環境友善能源(eco-friendly energy source)且無窮盡而具有長壽命。同時，傳統能源如石油或煤的耗竭係可預期的，且因此太陽能電池作為一種取代彼等傳統能源之能源近來已受到最大注意。 A solar cell, which is a battery that generates electricity from solar energy, has a long life due to the fact that solar energy is an eco-friendly energy source and is inexhaustible. At the same time, the depletion of conventional energy sources such as petroleum or coal is expected, and as a result, solar cells have recently received the greatest attention as an alternative to their traditional energy sources.
太陽能電池大致上被劃分為矽太陽能電池(silicon solar cell)、化合物半導體太陽能電池(compound semiconductor solar cell)、依據一源材料(source material)之串聯太陽能電池(tandem solar cell)。在彼等之中，矽太陽能電池為一主流。 A solar cell is roughly classified into a silicon solar cell, a compound semiconductor solar cell, and a tandem solar cell according to a source material. Among them, solar cells are a mainstream.
太陽能電池包括：一由一使光吸收良好同時減少光 反射之抗反射塗層(anti reflection coating，ARC)所構成的矽晶圓、一由一p/n接面所構成的矽晶圓、一發射體(emitter)、與一基底(base)、以及將由光產生之電誘導至外部電路中之一前電極與一後電極(rear electrode)。該二個電極係依匯流排(bus bar)、後鋁(rear aluminum)、及前銀(Ag)(front silver(Ag))膠之順序藉由交互地執行印刷與乾燥並隨後在600至950℃之溫度範圍內實施共燒(co-firing)而形成。 The solar cell includes: one that absorbs light well while reducing light a reflective silicon wafer formed by a reflective antireflective coating (ARC), a germanium wafer composed of a p/n junction, an emitter, a base, and The electricity generated by the light is induced to one of the front electrodes and a rear electrode in the external circuit. The two electrodes are printed and dried alternately in the order of bus bar, rear aluminum, and front silver (Ag) glue and then at 600 to 950. It is formed by co-firing in the temperature range of °C.
矽太陽能電池之前電極係藉由一用於形成前電極之金屬膠(metal paste)與抗反射塗層之界面反應(interfacial reaction)而形成。在此情形中，包括於金屬膠中的銀係在高溫下於液體狀態時藉由一經由玻璃熔料(glass frit)穿透抗反射塗層之衝穿現象(punch through phenomenon)而接觸一發射層(emitter layer)，且隨後再次再結晶至固體狀態。 Before the solar cell, the electrode is formed by an interfacial reaction of a metal paste for forming the front electrode and the anti-reflective coating. In this case, the silver included in the metal paste contacts an emission at a high temperature in a liquid state by a punch through phenomenon of penetrating the antireflection coating through a glass frit. An emitter layer, and then recrystallized again to a solid state.
玻璃熔料係產生與抗反射塗層之界面反應以蝕刻抗反射塗層，且玻璃熔料之部分元素係藉由一氧化還原反應而還原從而被產生為產物。現有玻璃熔料係使用氧化鉛(PbO)作為一主要組分且因此經受界面反應而隨後鉛被還原，其造成環境問題。 The glass frit produces an interfacial reaction with the antireflective coating to etch the antireflective coating, and a portion of the elements of the frit are reduced by a redox reaction to be produced as a product. The existing glass frit uses lead oxide (PbO) as a main component and thus undergoes an interfacial reaction and then lead is reduced, which causes environmental problems.
為了解決上述問題，已提出使用氧化鉍(Bi2O3)來代替氧化鉛之無鉛玻璃熔料(lead-free glass frit)。然而，相較於包括氧化鉛之現有玻璃熔料，氧化鉍系玻璃熔料可具有在電極與一基材之間較低的接觸電阻(contact resistance)。 In order to solve the above problems, a lead-free glass frit using bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) instead of lead oxide has been proposed. However, the cerium oxide based glass frit may have a lower contact resistance between the electrode and a substrate than existing glass frits including lead oxide.
因此，可製造一種相較於現有太陽能電池更為環境 友善且具有更優異性能的太陽能電池之玻璃熔料亟需迫切發展。 Therefore, it is possible to manufacture a environment that is more environmentally friendly than existing solar cells. The glass frit of a solar cell that is friendly and has superior performance needs to be urgently developed.
[相關技術文件] [Related technical documents]
[專利文件] [Patent Document]
韓國專利第10-1276671號。 Korean Patent No. 10-1276671.
本發明之一目的在於提供一種用於一用於太陽能電池的前電極之銀膠組合物，其能夠形成用於太陽能電池之前電極。 It is an object of the present invention to provide a silver paste composition for a front electrode for a solar cell that is capable of forming a front electrode for a solar cell.
本發明之另一目的在於提供一種藉由使用一用於一用於太陽能電池的前電極之銀膠組合物所形成的用於太陽能電池的前電極。 Another object of the present invention is to provide a front electrode for a solar cell formed by using a silver paste composition for a front electrode for a solar cell.
本發明之又一目的在於提供一種利用一用於太陽能電池的前電極之太陽能電池。 It is still another object of the present invention to provide a solar cell utilizing a front electrode for a solar cell.
本發明提供一種用於一用於太陽能電池的前電極之銀膠組合物，其具有優異的蝕刻能力從而在一寬廣範圍內產生蝕刻以擴展前電極的區域，具有低接觸電阻，且具有高轉化效率(conversion efficiency)。 The present invention provides a silver paste composition for a front electrode of a solar cell, which has excellent etching ability to produce etching in a wide range to expand a region of a front electrode, has low contact resistance, and has high conversion. Conversion efficiency.
在一通常態樣中，一銀膠組合物包括：(a)銀粉末(silver powder)；(b)無鉛玻璃熔料，包括Bi2O3、TeO2、與V2O5；以及(c)一有機載體(organic vehicle)，其中該玻璃熔料不包括 鉛(Pb)，尤其是PbO。 In a general aspect, a silver paste composition comprises: (a) a silver powder; (b) a lead-free glass frit comprising Bi 2 O 3 , TeO 2 , and V 2 O 5 ; An organic vehicle, wherein the glass frit does not include lead (Pb), especially PbO.
該玻璃熔料可包括選自以下群組之至少一者：SiO2、ZnO、Li2O、B2O3、Al2O3、CuO、Na2O、ZrO2、MgO、P2O5、CaO、BaO、SnO、SrO、K2O、TiO2、以及MnO2。 The glass frit may comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of SiO 2 , ZnO, Li 2 O, B 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , CuO, Na 2 O, ZrO 2 , MgO, P 2 O 5 , CaO, BaO, SnO, SrO, K 2 O, TiO 2 , and MnO 2 .
該玻璃熔料可包括40至80重量%之Bi2O3、1至30重量%之TeO2、以及1至30重量%之V2O5。 The glass frit may include 40 to 80% by weight of Bi 2 O 3 , 1 to 30% by weight of TeO 2 , and 1 to 30% by weight of V 2 O 5 .
該玻璃熔料可包括40至80重量%之Bi2O3、1至30重量%之TeO2、1至30重量%之V2O5、0.1至10重量%之ZnO、0.1至15重量%之SiO2、0.1至10重量%之Li2O、以及0.1至10重量%之B2O3。 The glass frit may comprise 40 to 80% by weight of Bi 2 O 3 , 1 to 30% by weight of TeO 2 , 1 to 30% by weight of V 2 O 5 , 0.1 to 10% by weight of ZnO, 0.1 to 15% by weight SiO 2 , 0.1 to 10% by weight of Li 2 O, and 0.1 to 10% by weight of B 2 O 3 .
該玻璃熔料可能以0.1至15重量%被包括於該銀膠組合物。 The glass frit may be included in the silver paste composition at 0.1 to 15% by weight.
該玻璃熔料可具有等於或低於420℃的玻璃轉換溫度(glass transition temperature)以及等於或低於550℃的熔點。 The glass frit may have a glass transition temperature equal to or lower than 420 ° C and a melting point equal to or lower than 550 ° C.
該有機載體可經由如下製備：將選自以下群組之至少一者：纖維素樹脂(cellulose resin)，如乙基纖維素、甲基纖維素、硝化纖維素、與纖維素酯(cellulose ester)；丙烯酸樹脂(acrylic resin)，如松香或醇式聚甲基丙烯酸酯(alcoholic polymethacrylate)、與丙烯酸酯(acrylic ester)；以及聚乙烯系樹脂(polyvinyl-based resin)，如聚乙烯醇與聚乙烯丁醛(polyvinyl butyral)，添加至選自以下群組之至少一者：三甲基戊二醇二異丁酸酯(trimethyl pentanyl diisobutylate，TXIB)、二元酯(dibasic ester)、丁卡必醇(butyl carbitol，BC)、丁卡必醇乙酸酯(butyl carbitol acetate)、丁氧乙醇(butyl cellosolve)、丁氧乙醇乙酸酯(butyl cellosolve acetate)、丙二醇單甲基醚(propylene glycol monomethyl ether)、二丙二醇單甲基醚、己二酸二甲酯(dimethyl adipate)、二甲基戊二酸酯(dimethyl glutarate)、丙二醇單甲基醚丙酸酯(propylene glycol monomethyl ether propionate)、乙醚丙酸酯(ethyl ether propionate)、萜品醇(terpineol)、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、二甲胺基甲醛(dimethyl amino formaldehyde)、甲基乙基酮、γ-丁內酯(gamma butyrolactone)、乳酸乙酯、以及特沙諾(Texanol)。 The organic vehicle can be prepared by at least one selected from the group consisting of cellulose resins such as ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, and cellulose esters. Acrylic resin, such as rosin or alcoholic polymethacrylate, and acrylic ester; and polyvinyl-based resin, such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene Butylaldehyde (polyvinyl butyral) is added to at least one selected from the group consisting of trimethyl pentanyl diisobutylate (TXIB), dibasic ester, and tetrabutyl alcohol (butyl carbitol, BC), butyl carbitol acetate (butyl Carbitol acetate), butyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dimethyl adipate ( Dimethyl adipate), dimethyl glutarate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether propionate, ethyl ether propionate, terpineol, propylene glycol Monomethyl ether acetate, dimethyl amino formaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone, gamma butyrolactone, ethyl lactate, and Texanol.
一種用於太陽能電池的前電極係由根據本發明之例示性實施態樣之用於該用於太陽能電池的前電極之銀膠組合物所形成。 A front electrode for a solar cell is formed from the silver paste composition for the front electrode of a solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
提供一種利用根據本發明之例示性實施態樣之用於太陽能電池的前電極之太陽能電池。 A solar cell for use in a front electrode for a solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is provided.
根據本發明之例示性實施態樣，該銀膠組合物具有低的與抗反射塗層之接觸電阻同時具有優異的蝕刻能力，且因此利用該使用該銀膠組合物而形成之用於太陽能電池的前電極之太陽能電池可具有高效率。 According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the silver paste composition has low contact resistance with an anti-reflective coating while having excellent etching ability, and thus is formed for the solar cell by using the silver paste composition. The solar cells of the front electrodes can have high efficiency.
亦即，根據本發明之例示性實施態樣的銀膠組合物可改善基材與前電極之間的黏著性，具有優異的蝕刻能力從而在 一寬廣範圍內實施蝕刻俾使擴展藉由使銀再結晶而形成的前電極區域，且具有低的與抗反射塗層之接觸電阻及高開路電壓(open circuit voltage)以改善太陽能電池之效率。 That is, the silver paste composition according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention can improve the adhesion between the substrate and the front electrode, and has excellent etching ability so that The etching is performed over a wide range to expand the front electrode region formed by recrystallizing silver, and has a low contact resistance with an anti-reflective coating and an open circuit voltage to improve the efficiency of the solar cell.
本發明提供一種用於一用於太陽能電池的前電極之銀膠組合物。根據本發明之例示性實施態樣的銀膠組合物包括：(a)銀粉末；(b)無鉛玻璃熔料，包括Bi2O3、TeO2、與V2O5；以及(c)一有機載體。 The present invention provides a silver paste composition for use in a front electrode for a solar cell. A silver paste composition according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: (a) a silver powder; (b) a lead-free glass frit including Bi 2 O 3 , TeO 2 , and V 2 O 5 ; and (c) a Organic carrier.
根據本發明之例示性實施態樣的銀膠組合物藉由包括Bi2O3來代替鉛(尤其是PbO)而具有優異的蝕刻能力且因無PbO而為環境友善的。 The silver paste composition according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention has excellent etching ability by including Bi 2 O 3 instead of lead (especially PbO) and is environmentally friendly due to the absence of PbO.
再者，根據本發明之例示性實施態樣的銀膠組合物藉由包括TeO2與V2O5以及Bi2O3而更改善蝕刻能力同時增進基材與前電極之間的黏著性，且降低與抗反射塗層之接觸電阻從而增進開路電壓。 Furthermore, the silver paste composition according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention further improves the etching ability while enhancing the adhesion between the substrate and the front electrode by including TeO 2 and V 2 O 5 and Bi 2 O 3 . And reduce the contact resistance with the anti-reflective coating to increase the open circuit voltage.
根據本發明之例示性實施態樣的玻璃熔料可包括40至80重量%之Bi2O3、1至30重量%之TeO2、以及1至30重量%之V2O5。 The glass frit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include 40 to 80% by weight of Bi 2 O 3 , 1 to 30% by weight of TeO 2 , and 1 to 30% by weight of V 2 O 5 .
為了降低與抗反射塗層之接觸電阻同時具有較高的 蝕刻能力，根據本發明之例示性實施態樣的玻璃熔料較佳可更包括選自以下群組之至少一者：SiO2、ZnO、Li2O、B2O3、Al2O3、CuO、Na2O、ZrO2、MgO、P2O5、CaO、BaO、SnO、SrO、K2O、TiO2、以及MnO2，且更佳可更包括ZnO、SiO2、Li2O、與B2O3，以及玻璃熔料可包括40至80重量%之Bi2O3、1至30重量%之TeO2、1至30重量%之V2O5、1至10重量%之ZnO、0.1至10重量%之SiO2、0.1至10重量%之Li2O、以及0.1至10重量%之B2O3。 In order to reduce the contact resistance with the anti-reflective coating while having a high etching ability, the glass frit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may preferably further comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of SiO 2 and ZnO. , Li 2 O, B 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , CuO, Na 2 O, ZrO 2 , MgO, P 2 O 5 , CaO, BaO, SnO, SrO, K 2 O, TiO 2 , and MnO 2 , More preferably, it may further comprise ZnO, SiO 2 , Li 2 O, and B 2 O 3 , and the glass frit may include 40 to 80% by weight of Bi 2 O 3 , 1 to 30% by weight of TeO 2 , 1 to 30 % by weight of V 2 O 5 , 1 to 10% by weight of ZnO, 0.1 to 10% by weight of SiO 2 , 0.1 to 10% by weight of Li 2 O, and 0.1 to 10% by weight of B 2 O 3 .
為了增進轉化效率，根據本發明之例示性實施態樣的玻璃熔料可較佳包括Bi2O3、TeO2、V2O5、ZnO、SiO2、Li2O、與B2O3。更詳細言之，玻璃熔料可包括40至70重量%之Bi2O3、5至20重量%之TeO2、1至20重量%之V2O5、1至10重量%之ZnO、3至10重量%之SiO2、0.5至5重量%之Li2O、以及1至8重量%之B2O3。 In order to enhance the conversion efficiency, the glass frit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may preferably include Bi 2 O 3 , TeO 2 , V 2 O 5 , ZnO, SiO 2 , Li 2 O, and B 2 O 3 . In more detail, the glass frit may include 40 to 70% by weight of Bi 2 O 3 , 5 to 20% by weight of TeO 2 , 1 to 20% by weight of V 2 O 5 , 1 to 10% by weight of ZnO, 3 Up to 10% by weight of SiO 2 , 0.5 to 5% by weight of Li 2 O, and 1 to 8% by weight of B 2 O 3 .
根據本發明之例示性實施態樣的銀(Ag)粉末是導電性金屬、其提供電器特性給該用於形成該用於太陽能電池的前電極之銀膠組合物，且亦包括氧化銀、銀合金、銀化合物、以及一可藉由除純銀粉末外之其他燒成(firing)而誘導銀粉末的材料，其中可單獨使用該材料或者可使用至少二個該材料之混合物。 A silver (Ag) powder according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is a conductive metal that provides electrical properties to the silver paste composition for forming the front electrode for a solar cell, and also includes silver oxide, silver An alloy, a silver compound, and a material which can induce a silver powder by firing other than pure silver powder, wherein the material can be used alone or a mixture of at least two of the materials can be used.
只要銀粉末具有對本發明所屬技術領域而言已知的形狀，則銀粉末之形狀可不受特殊限制而應用。舉例而言，銀粉末可包括但不限於：球形形狀、薄片(flake)形狀、或其組合。在考慮到所欲燒結速度、形成電極之製程的效果等情形下，銀粉末之晶粒尺寸可控制至一適當範圍。根據本發明之例示性實施態 樣的銀粉末的平均晶粒尺寸d50可具有但不限於範圍在約0.5至4.0微米的尺寸。 As long as the silver powder has a shape known to the art to which the present invention pertains, the shape of the silver powder can be applied without particular limitation. For example, the silver powder can include, but is not limited to, a spherical shape, a flake shape, or a combination thereof. The grain size of the silver powder can be controlled to an appropriate range in consideration of the desired sintering speed, the effect of the process for forming the electrode, and the like. Exemplary embodiment in accordance with the present invention The average grain size d50 of the silver powder may have, but is not limited to, a size ranging from about 0.5 to 4.0 microns.
可使用純度等於或高於80%、較佳95%或更高的銀粉末，但銀粉末並不受特殊限制，只要其具有滿足電極通常需求的條件的純度。 A silver powder having a purity equal to or higher than 80%, preferably 95% or higher may be used, but the silver powder is not particularly limited as long as it has a purity satisfying the conditions normally required for the electrode.
考慮到不引起低劣的印刷能力之經濟方面，每100重量%之銀膠組合物可包括有約60至95重量%之銀粉末，較佳有約70至約85重量%，在此情形下膠的黏度為低的或者製造出相分離。 The silver gum composition may comprise from about 60 to 95% by weight of silver powder, preferably from about 70 to about 85% by weight, in this case, in view of the economic aspect of not causing inferior printing ability. The viscosity is low or phase separation is created.
每100重量%之固體內容物可包括有約80至99重量%之銀粉末，在銀膠組合物中一有機溶劑被排除在固體內容物之外。 The solid content per 100% by weight may comprise from about 80 to 99% by weight of silver powder, and an organic solvent is excluded from the solid content in the silver paste composition.
根據本發明之例示性實施態樣的玻璃熔料可能以0.1至15重量%被包括於該銀膠組合物。 The glass frit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may be included in the silver paste composition at 0.1 to 15% by weight.
根據本發明之例示性實施態樣的玻璃熔料可較佳具有等於或低於420℃的玻璃轉換溫度以及等於或低於550℃的熔點。 The glass frit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may preferably have a glass transition temperature equal to or lower than 420 ° C and a melting point equal to or lower than 550 ° C.
亦即，根據本發明之例示性實施態樣的銀膠組合物係包括每100重量%之銀膠組合物有60至95重量%之銀粉末、0.1至15重量%之玻璃熔料、以及剩餘量的有機載體。 That is, the silver paste composition according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention comprises 60 to 95% by weight of silver powder, 0.1 to 15% by weight of glass frit per 100% by weight of the silver paste composition, and the remainder Amount of organic carrier.
關於根據本發明之例示性實施態樣的有機載體，使用於用於太陽能電池的電極膠(electrode paste)中之有機載體可通常被使用且可為，例如，聚合物與一溶劑的混合物。較佳地，有機載體可經由如下製備：將選自以下群組之至少一者：纖維素 樹脂，如乙基纖維素、甲基纖維素、硝化纖維素、與纖維素酯；丙烯酸樹脂，如松香或醇式聚甲基丙烯酸酯、與丙烯酸酯；以及聚乙烯系樹脂，如聚乙烯醇與聚乙烯丁醛，添加至選自以下群組之至少一者：三甲基戊二醇二異丁酸酯(TXIB)、二元酯、丁卡必醇(BC)、丁卡必醇乙酸酯、丁氧乙醇、丁氧乙醇乙酸酯、丙二醇單甲基醚、二丙二醇單甲基醚、己二酸二甲酯、二甲基戊二酸酯、丙二醇單甲基醚丙酸酯、乙醚丙酸酯、萜品醇、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、二甲胺基甲醛、甲基乙基酮、γ-丁內酯、乳酸乙酯、以及特沙諾。 Regarding the organic vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an organic vehicle used in an electrode paste for a solar cell may be generally used and may be, for example, a mixture of a polymer and a solvent. Preferably, the organic vehicle can be prepared by: at least one selected from the group consisting of cellulose Resins such as ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, and cellulose esters; acrylic resins such as rosin or alcoholic polymethacrylates, and acrylates; and polyethylene resins such as polyvinyl alcohol And polyvinyl butyral, added to at least one selected from the group consisting of trimethyl pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB), dibasic ester, tetracarbitol (BC), tetracaine B Acid ester, butoxyethanol, butoxyethanol acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether propionate , diethyl ether propionate, terpineol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dimethylamino formaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone, γ-butyrolactone, ethyl lactate, and Tesano.
為了輕易地分散銀粉末且防止太陽能電池的轉化效率因燒成後剩餘碳的存在的增加而衰退，根據本發明之例示性實施態樣的有機載體可較佳以介於4重量%至35重量%之範圍被包括於每100重量%之組合物。 In order to easily disperse the silver powder and prevent the conversion efficiency of the solar cell from deteriorating due to the increase in the presence of residual carbon after firing, the organic vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may preferably have a weight of 4 to 35 wt. A range of % is included per 100% by weight of the composition.
根據本發明之例示性實施態樣的銀膠組合物可更包括有機添加物，其中有機添加物可選自一分散劑、一增稠劑(thickener)、一觸變劑(thixotropic agent)、一調平劑(leveling agent)等。分散劑可包括但不限於由路博潤公司(LUBRIZOL Co.)製造的SOLSPERSE、由BYK公司製造的DISPERBYK-180、110、996、與997等。增稠劑可包括但不限於由BYK公司製造的BYK-410、411、420等。觸變劑可包括但不限於由海名斯公司(ELEMENTIS Co.)製造的THIXATROL MAX、與由BYK公司製造的ANTI-TERRA-203、204、205等。調平劑可包括但不限於由 BYK公司製造的BYK-3932 P、BYK-378、BYK-306、BYK-3440等。每100重量%之銀膠組合物可包括約1至20重量%之有機添加物。 The silver paste composition according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may further include an organic additive, wherein the organic additive may be selected from a dispersant, a thickener, a thixotropic agent, and a Leveling agent, etc. The dispersing agent may include, but is not limited to, SOLSPERSE manufactured by LUBRIZOL Co., DISPERBYK-180, 110, 996, and 997 manufactured by BYK Corporation. Thickeners may include, but are not limited to, BYK-410, 411, 420, etc., manufactured by BYK Corporation. The thixotropic agent may include, but is not limited to, THIXATROL MAX manufactured by ELEMENTIS Co., and ANTI-TERRA-203, 204, 205, etc. manufactured by BYK Corporation. Leveling agents can include, but are not limited to, BYK-3932 P, BYK-378, BYK-306, BYK-3440, etc. manufactured by BYK. Each 100% by weight of the silver gum composition may include from about 1 to 20% by weight of the organic additive.
再者，本發明提供藉由使用銀膠組合物所形成之用於太陽能電池的前電極。 Further, the present invention provides a front electrode for a solar cell formed by using a silver paste composition.
前電極係藉由於晶圓基材上印刷、乾燥、及燒成銀膠組合物的製程而形成。印刷方法可使用網版印刷等，但並不受特殊限制。 The front electrode is formed by a process of printing, drying, and firing a silver paste composition on a wafer substrate. The printing method may use screen printing or the like, but is not particularly limited.
再者，本發明係提供包括該用於太陽能電池的前電極之太陽能電池。 Furthermore, the present invention provides a solar cell including the front electrode for a solar cell.
根據本發明之例示性實施態樣的太陽能電池係包括一第一導電型基材(first conductivity type substrate)、一第二導電型發射層形成於該基材上、一抗反射塗層形成於該發射層上、一前電極穿透該抗反射塗層以連接至該發射層且使用該銀膠組合物而製成、以及一後電極形成於該基材之一後表面上。 A solar cell according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a first conductivity type substrate, a second conductivity type emissive layer formed on the substrate, and an anti-reflective coating layer formed thereon. On the emissive layer, a front electrode penetrates the anti-reflective coating to be attached to the emissive layer and is formed using the silver paste composition, and a back electrode is formed on one of the back surfaces of the substrate.
第一導電型基材可選自P型或N型。第二導電型發射層可經選擇以具有與基材相反的導電型。用雜質摻雜3族元素以形成一P+層，以及用雜質摻雜5族元素以形成一N+層。舉例而言，可摻雜B、Ga、與In以形成P+層，以及可摻雜P、As、與Sb以形成N+層。P-N接面係形成於介於基材與發射層之間的介面且為一接收太陽光以使用光伏打效應(photovoltaic effect)而產生電流之部件。藉由光伏打效應產生的電子與電洞係各自被吸引到P層與N層且因此移動至結合於基材之下部與發射層之上部的電極之各者， 以及可藉由施加一負載至電極而產生電力。 The first conductive type substrate may be selected from a P type or an N type. The second conductive type emissive layer may be selected to have a conductivity type opposite to the substrate. The Group 3 element is doped with impurities to form a P+ layer, and the Group 5 element is doped with impurities to form an N+ layer. For example, B, Ga, and In may be doped to form a P+ layer, and P, As, and Sb may be doped to form an N+ layer. The P-N junction is formed in the interface between the substrate and the emissive layer and is a component that receives sunlight to generate a current using a photovoltaic effect. The electrons and holes generated by the photovoltaic effect are each attracted to the P layer and the N layer and thus moved to the electrodes bonded to the lower portion of the substrate and the upper portion of the emission layer, And power can be generated by applying a load to the electrodes.
抗反射塗層係減少入射於太陽能電池之前表面上的太陽光的反射。當太陽光的反射被減少時，到達P-N接面的光通量(light quantity)係增加，且因此太陽能電池的短路電流(short-circuit current)係增加而太陽能電池的轉化效率係經改善。 The anti-reflective coating reduces the reflection of sunlight incident on the front surface of the solar cell. When the reflection of sunlight is reduced, the light quantity reaching the P-N junction is increased, and thus the short-circuit current of the solar cell is increased and the conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved.
舉例而言，抗反射塗層可具有一選自氮化矽膜、包括氫的氮化矽膜、氧化矽膜、與氮氧化矽膜之任一者的單一層，或者上述之至少二者的多層，但並不限於此。 For example, the anti-reflective coating layer may have a single layer selected from the group consisting of a tantalum nitride film, a tantalum nitride film including hydrogen, a tantalum oxide film, and a hafnium oxynitride film, or at least two of the above. Multi-layer, but not limited to this.
前電極與後電極可藉由已知的多種技術製造，但較佳為藉由一網版印刷方法而形成。前電極係於前電極形成點(front electrode forming point)上藉由網版印刷根據本發明之銀膠組合物並熱處理銀膠組合物而形成。當實施熱處理時，前電極係藉由一衝穿現象而衝擊抗反射塗層且因此接觸發射層。 The front and back electrodes can be fabricated by a variety of known techniques, but are preferably formed by a screen printing process. The front electrode is formed by screen printing a silver paste composition according to the present invention and heat-treating the silver paste composition on a front electrode forming point. When the heat treatment is performed, the front electrode impacts the anti-reflective coating and thus the emissive layer by a punch-through phenomenon.
後電極係於基材之一後表面上藉由印刷包括鋁做為導電金屬之膠組合物並隨後熱處理膠組合物而形成。在熱處理後電極時，鋁係擴散至基材之後表面，且因此一背場層(backside field layer)可形成於一介於後電極與基材之間的邊界面(boundary surface)。當背場層形成時，載子(carrier)可藉由移動至基材的後表面而防止再結合，由此改善太陽能電池的轉化效率。 The rear electrode is formed on the back surface of one of the substrates by printing a glue composition comprising aluminum as a conductive metal and then heat-treating the glue composition. When the electrode is heat-treated, aluminum diffuses to the surface behind the substrate, and thus a backside field layer can be formed on a boundary surface between the back electrode and the substrate. When the back field layer is formed, the carrier can be prevented from recombining by moving to the rear surface of the substrate, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the solar cell.
以下，將詳細描述本發明之詳細實施態樣。本說明書及申請專利範圍中所使用的用語及單詞係不應被理解為一般意義或字典意義，而應被理解為基於一原則其中本發明人可適當地 定義用語之概念以符合本發明所屬技術思想的意義與概念從而描述其擁有之最佳模式的發明。 Hereinafter, detailed embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. The terms and words used in the specification and the scope of the claims should not be construed as a general meaning or a dictionary meaning, but should be understood as based on a principle in which the inventors may appropriately The concept of the term is defined to describe the invention of the best mode of its possession in accordance with the meaning and concept of the technical idea of the present invention.
於以下表1中所描述的組分係依所指比例(重量%)混合，在1100℃下熔化30分鐘，在純水(H2O)淬火(quench)，且隨後迅速冷卻(rapidly cooled)。經迅速冷卻的玻璃熔料係藉由一球磨粉碎機(ball-mill pulverizer)粉碎以製備具有平均晶粒尺寸為1至3微米的玻璃熔料。 The components described in Table 1 below were mixed according to the indicated ratio (% by weight), melted at 1100 ° C for 30 minutes, quenched in pure water (H 2 O), and then rapidly cooled. . The rapidly cooled glass frit was pulverized by a ball-mill pulverizer to prepare a glass frit having an average grain size of 1 to 3 μm.
對應於各實施態樣之玻璃熔料的組分及含量係顯示於以下表1中。 The composition and content of the glass frit corresponding to each embodiment are shown in Table 1 below.
比較實施例1至2藉由與實施例1至11相同的方法製備玻璃熔料，惟使用以下表2中所描述的組分及含量。 Comparative Examples 1 to 2 Glass frits were prepared by the same methods as in Examples 1 to 11, except that the components and contents described in Table 2 below were used.
銀膠組合物係各自使用根據實施例1至11及比較實施例1與2所製備的玻璃熔料而製備。 The silver gum compositions were each prepared using the glass frits prepared according to Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
銀粉末之三種類係基於平均晶粒尺寸所選擇且使用具有0.3微米與2重量%、1.6微米與43.5重量%、及2.2微米與43.5重量%之銀粉末的組合。玻璃熔料使用2重量%之示於上述表1的實施 例1至11以及比較實施例1與2之組合物。作為有機黏合劑(organic binder)，係各自以1重量%使用纖維素酯(由伊士曼公司(EASTMAN Co.)製造的CAB-382-20)與乙基纖維素樹脂(由亞跨龍公司(AQUALON Co.)製造的ECN-50)；作為有機溶液，係使用2.0重量%之三甲基戊二醇二異丁酸酯(TXIB)、3.0重量%之二元酯(由TCI公司所製造的己二酸二甲酯/二甲基戊二酸酯/丁二酸二甲酯(dimethyl succinate)之混合物)、1.0重量%之丁卡必醇(BC)；以及作為添加劑，係添加0.5重量%之觸變調節劑(thixotropic adjuster)(由海名斯公司製造的THIXATROL MAX)與0.5重量%之分散劑(由路博潤公司製造的SOLSPERSE)，由此製備銀膠組合物。 The three types of silver powder were selected based on the average grain size and used in combination with silver powders of 0.3 micrometers and 2 weight percent, 1.6 micrometers and 43.5 weight percent, and 2.2 micrometers and 43.5% by weight. Glass frit using 2% by weight is shown in the above Table 1 implementation The compositions of Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were as follows. As an organic binder, cellulose ester (CAB-382-20 manufactured by Eastman Co., Ltd.) and ethyl cellulose resin (by Acrosslon) were each used in an amount of 1% by weight. (ECN-50) manufactured by (AQUALON Co.); as an organic solution, 2.0% by weight of trimethylpentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB), 3.0% by weight of a dibasic ester (manufactured by TCI Corporation) Dimethyl adipate / dimethyl succinate (mixture of dimethyl succinate), 1.0% by weight of butyl carbitol (BC); and as an additive, add 0.5 weight % of a thixotropic regulator (THIXATROL MAX manufactured by Haigens) and 0.5% by weight of a dispersant (SOLSPERSE manufactured by The Lubrizol Corporation), thereby preparing a silver paste composition.
關於太陽能電池之製造，係使用156毫米之單晶矽晶圓，以及具有片電阻為100歐姆/平方(Ω/sq)的發射層係藉由在管式爐(tube furnace)中於810℃下經由一使用POCl3的擴散製程(diffusion process)摻雜磷而形成，以及抗反射塗層係經由藉由使用前驅物SiH4與NH3之電漿加強化學氣相沉積(PECVD)而沉積氮化矽膜於發射層上以形成為70奈米之厚度。 For the manufacture of solar cells, a 156 mm single crystal germanium wafer is used, and an emission layer having a sheet resistance of 100 ohms/square (Ω/sq) is used at 810 ° C in a tube furnace. It is formed by doping phosphorus with a diffusion process using POCl 3 , and the anti-reflective coating is deposited by CVD by using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of the precursors SiH 4 and NH 3 . The ruthenium film was formed on the emission layer to have a thickness of 70 nm.
使用具有3微米之尺寸的鋁粉末與無鉛玻璃粉末、作為有機黏合劑的乙基纖維素(由陶氏公司(DOW Co.)製造的STD-10)、以及作為溶劑的萜品醇。75重量%之鋁粉末(金昊公司 (JINHAO Co.))及2重量%之無鉛玻璃粉末係與23重量%之有機黏合劑混合且隨後混合物係在2000rpm之攪拌速度下分散4小時，由此製備鋁膠(aluminum paste)。鋁膠係藉由網版印刷方法而以30微米之厚度塗覆在形成有抗反射塗層之基材的後表面上，且隨後塗覆有鋁膠的基材係在250℃的乾燥爐中乾燥60秒。前電極係經由藉由網版印刷方法而以20微米之厚度塗覆本發明之實施例12至22以及比較實施例3至4中所製備的銀膠組合物、且隨後在200℃的乾燥爐中乾燥60秒而製造。 Aluminum powder having a size of 3 μm and lead-free glass powder, ethyl cellulose as an organic binder (STD-10 manufactured by Dow Co.), and terpineol as a solvent were used. 75 wt% aluminum powder (JINHAO Co.)) and 2% by weight of the lead-free glass powder were mixed with 23% by weight of an organic binder and then the mixture was dispersed at a stirring speed of 2000 rpm for 4 hours, thereby preparing an aluminum paste. The aluminum glue is applied to the rear surface of the substrate on which the anti-reflective coating layer is formed by a screen printing method at a thickness of 30 μm, and then the substrate coated with the aluminum paste is in a drying oven at 250 ° C. Dry for 60 seconds. The front electrode was coated with the silver paste composition prepared in Examples 12 to 22 of the present invention and Comparative Examples 3 to 4 by a screen printing method at a thickness of 20 μm, and then dried at 200 ° C. Manufactured by drying in 60 seconds.
印刷有前電極之基材係在820℃的帶式燒成爐(belt firing furnace)中燒成1分鐘以製造太陽能電池。 The substrate on which the front electrode was printed was fired in a belt firing furnace at 820 ° C for 1 minute to manufacture a solar cell.
所得太陽能電池之電氣性能(electrical performance)係使用一電池模擬器(cell simulator)所測量，一由奧立歐公司(Oriel Co.)製造的光源係施加至該模擬器。太陽能電池的性能係在1.0太陽條件(1.0 sun condition)下測量且所測得數值係藉由以下表3之光轉化效率(%)所代表。 The electrical performance of the resulting solar cell was measured using a cell simulator, and a light source manufactured by Oriel Co. was applied to the simulator. The performance of the solar cell was measured under 1.0 sun condition and the measured values are represented by the light conversion efficiency (%) of Table 3 below.
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| WO2013058418A1 (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-04-25 | 동우 화인켐 주식회사 | Silver paste composition (2) for the back electrode of a solar cell |
| KR20140022511A (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2014-02-25 | 제일모직주식회사 | Electrode paste for solar cell, electrode prepared from the same and solar cell comprising the same |
| CN103596648B (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2017-03-15 | 深圳市首骋新材料科技有限公司 | Crystal silicon solar energy battery front electrode electrocondution slurry and preparation method thereof |
| KR101648253B1 (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2016-08-12 | 제일모직주식회사 | Composition for forming solar cell and electrode prepared using the same |
-
2015
- 2015-02-27 KR KR1020150027786A patent/KR101693841B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-06-11 CN CN201580076963.2A patent/CN107258002B/en active Active
- 2015-06-11 WO PCT/KR2015/005870 patent/WO2016137059A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-08-05 TW TW104125389A patent/TWI556457B/en active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI629253B (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2018-07-11 | 優陽材料科技股份有限公司 | Paste for forming a solar cell front electrode and method for making the same, and method for making a solar cell front electrode |
| WO2021213189A1 (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-10-28 | 上海宝银电子材料有限公司 | Gray conductive silver paste for automotive glass and preparation method therefor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2016137059A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
| CN107258002B (en) | 2020-01-07 |
| CN107258002A (en) | 2017-10-17 |
| KR101693841B1 (en) | 2017-01-09 |
| TWI556457B (en) | 2016-11-01 |
| KR20160104917A (en) | 2016-09-06 |
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