TW201622194A - Transformable device, method of manufacturing the same and display including the same - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本發明係關於一種可變形裝置以及製造該可變形裝置的方法,並且更具體地,係關於一種包括電極的可變形裝置以及一種製造該可變形裝置的方法。The present invention relates to a deformable device and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly to a deformable device including an electrode and a method of manufacturing the deformable device.
電活性聚合物(EAP)是通過電刺激可變形的聚合物,並且意指能夠通過電刺激反復地膨脹、收縮和彎曲的聚合物。在各種類型的電活性聚合物當中,主要使用鐵電聚合物和介電彈性體。例如,鐵電聚合物包括PVDF(聚偏二氟乙烯)和P(VDF)-TrFE(聚(偏二氟乙烯)-三氟乙烯),而介電彈性體可以基於矽、聚氨酯、丙烯等。An electroactive polymer (EAP) is a polymer that is deformable by electrical stimulation, and means a polymer that can be repeatedly expanded, contracted, and bent by electrical stimulation. Among various types of electroactive polymers, ferroelectric polymers and dielectric elastomers are mainly used. For example, the ferroelectric polymer includes PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) and P(VDF)-TrFE (poly(vinylidene fluoride)-trifluoroethylene), and the dielectric elastomer may be based on ruthenium, polyurethane, propylene, or the like.
鐵電聚合物具有令人滿意的可撓性和令人滿意的介電常數(permittivity)的優點,但是在諸如光透射率的光學特性方面具有顯著問題。因此,難以在顯示裝置的整個表面上使用鐵電聚合物。此外,介電彈性體有令人滿意的透射率,但是其驅動電壓較高。因此,存在難以直接在諸如移動裝置的具有相對較低的驅動電壓的顯示裝置中使用介電彈性體的問題。Ferroelectric polymers have the advantages of satisfactory flexibility and satisfactory dielectric constant, but have significant problems in optical properties such as light transmittance. Therefore, it is difficult to use a ferroelectric polymer on the entire surface of the display device. Further, the dielectric elastomer has a satisfactory transmittance, but its driving voltage is high. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to directly use a dielectric elastomer in a display device having a relatively low driving voltage such as a mobile device.
然而,電活性聚合物的介電彈性體通常具有使得其形狀可不同地變形的可撓性和彈性。因此,已經利用近來一直積極地開發的可撓式顯示裝置研究了能夠利用介電彈性體的領域。為了方便描述,在下文中,假定介電彈性體被用作電活性聚合物。However, dielectric elastomers of electroactive polymers generally have flexibility and elasticity that allow their shapes to be deformed differently. Therefore, the field in which a dielectric elastomer can be utilized has been studied using a flexible display device which has been actively developed recently. For convenience of description, hereinafter, a dielectric elastomer is assumed to be used as the electroactive polymer.
當通過被設置在由電活性聚合物構成的電活性層的上表面和下表面這二者上的電極對電活性層施加電場時,在電活性層內部發生極化。正電荷和負電荷分別由於這種極化而被累積在被設置在電活性層的上部和下部處的電極上,並且通過在經累積的電荷當中產生的靜電引力(庫侖力)對電活性層施加麥克斯韋應力(Maxwell Stress)。表示麥克斯韋應力的大小的公式如下。 [數學式1] When an electric field is applied to the electroactive layer by an electrode disposed on both the upper surface and the lower surface of the electroactive layer composed of the electroactive polymer, polarization occurs inside the electroactive layer. The positive and negative charges are respectively accumulated on the electrodes disposed at the upper and lower portions of the electroactive layer due to such polarization, and the electroactive layer (Coulomb force) is generated by the electrostatic attraction (Coulomb force) generated among the accumulated charges Apply Maxwell Stress. The formula representing the magnitude of Maxwell's stress is as follows. [Math 1]
在本文中,麥克斯韋應力意指通過電荷的靜電引力要在厚度方向上收縮並且要在長度方向上膨脹的電活性層的力。由於通過麥克斯韋應力變形的電活性層的特性,電活性層作為構成可變形裝置的電活性層的新材料而引人注目。Herein, Maxwell stress means a force of an electroactive layer to be contracted in the thickness direction by electrostatic attraction of electric charge and to be expanded in the length direction. Due to the nature of the electroactive layer deformed by Maxwell stress, the electroactive layer is attracting attention as a new material constituting the electroactive layer of the deformable device.
參照數學式1,麥克斯韋應力的大小P與電活性層的介電常數er 、電場E和電壓V的大小成比例。當麥克斯韋應力的大小變得更大時,電活性層有更多位移或者進一步變形。因此,為了增加可變形裝置的位移或變形度,必須增加麥克斯韋應力的大小。因此,為了增加麥克斯韋應力並降低可變形裝置的驅動電壓,正在進行用於提高電活性層的介電常數或用於提高有效電場的研究。Referring to Mathematical Formula 1, the magnitude P of the Maxwell stress is proportional to the dielectric constant e r of the electroactive layer, the electric field E, and the magnitude of the voltage V. As the magnitude of the Maxwell stress becomes larger, the electroactive layer has more displacement or further deformation. Therefore, in order to increase the displacement or deformation of the deformable device, it is necessary to increase the magnitude of the Maxwell stress. Therefore, in order to increase the Maxwell stress and lower the driving voltage of the deformable device, research is being conducted for increasing the dielectric constant of the electroactive layer or for increasing the effective electric field.
通過電活性層的可撓性和彈性以及麥克斯韋應力,在可變形裝置中設置並形成電極的方法成為一件重要的事情。通過作為通常的電極形成方法的濺射而形成的電極可能在操作包括由電活性聚合物構成的電活性層的可變形裝置時被變形損壞,並且可變形裝置的性能根據可變形裝置的反復操作而降低。可以將電活性聚合物層插入在通過其他方法形成有電極的支承基板之間。然而,因為支承基板與電活性層相比具有不令人滿意的可撓性,所以電活性層的位移可能受支承基板約束。因此,作為應用於包括由電活性聚合物構成的電活性層的可變形裝置的電極,使用了適合於變形的軟電極。The method of arranging and forming electrodes in a deformable device by the flexibility and elasticity of the electroactive layer and the Maxwell stress becomes an important matter. An electrode formed by sputtering as a general electrode forming method may be deformed and damaged when operating a deformable device including an electroactive layer composed of an electroactive polymer, and the performance of the deformable device is repeatedly operated according to the deformable device And lower. The electroactive polymer layer can be interposed between the support substrates on which the electrodes are formed by other methods. However, since the support substrate has unsatisfactory flexibility compared to the electroactive layer, the displacement of the electroactive layer may be constrained by the support substrate. Therefore, as an electrode applied to a deformable device including an electroactive layer composed of an electroactive polymer, a soft electrode suitable for deformation is used.
作為這種軟電極,使用了通過使彈性體與碳導電膏、碳黑或碳奈米管(CNT)混合而製造的電極。這種電極可以通過印刷製程而被形成,並且具有薄層電阻特性不是令人滿意的並且製程不容易的問題。As such a soft electrode, an electrode produced by mixing an elastomer with a carbon conductive paste, carbon black or a carbon nanotube (CNT) is used. Such an electrode can be formed by a printing process and has a problem that sheet resistance characteristics are not satisfactory and the process is not easy.
因此,性能不管反復操作都不降低、能夠通過麥克斯韋應力最大地保證電活性層的位移、並且製程容易的可變形裝置以及製造該可變形裝置的方法是必需的。Therefore, a deformable device capable of maximally ensuring displacement of the electroactive layer by Maxwell stress and having an easy process, and a method of manufacturing the deformable device, are required regardless of the repeated operation.
為了解決如以上描述的可變形裝置的電極的低性能和短壽命的問題,本發明的發明人已經發明了一種新結構可變形裝置及其製造方法,其中電極形成在電活性層內部。In order to solve the problems of low performance and short life of the electrode of the deformable device as described above, the inventors of the present invention have invented a new structural deformable device and a method of manufacturing the same, in which an electrode is formed inside the electroactive layer.
本發明的一個目的在於提供一種能夠通過簡單製程將電極形成在電活性層內部的可變形裝置及其製造方法。It is an object of the present invention to provide a deformable device capable of forming an electrode inside an electroactive layer by a simple process and a method of manufacturing the same.
此外,本發明的另一目的在於提供一種能夠根據將電極形成在所述電活性層內部而不管反復操作都保持電極的性能並且增加壽命的可變形裝置及其製造方法。Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a deformable device capable of maintaining the performance of an electrode and increasing the life thereof according to the formation of an electrode inside the electroactive layer regardless of repeated operations, and a method of manufacturing the same.
此外,本發明的又一目的在於提供一種不需要用來在可變形裝置外部黏合電極的獨立的黏合層以及根據將電極形成在所述可變形裝置內部的獨立的遮罩層從而較薄的顯示裝置。Furthermore, it is a further object of the present invention to provide a separate adhesive layer that does not require bonding of the electrodes outside the deformable device and a thinner display in accordance with a separate mask layer that forms the electrodes inside the deformable device. Device.
本發明的目的不限於以上描述的目的,並且以上未提及的其他目的能夠由本領域技術人員從以下描述清楚地理解。。The object of the present invention is not limited to the above described objects, and other objects not mentioned above can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description. .
為了解決以上描述的問題,提供了一種根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置。所述可變形裝置包括電活性層。第一電極被設置在所述電活性層內部。第二電極被設置在所述電活性層內部,並且按照離所述第一電極一定距離設置在所述第一電極上。在根據本發明的實施方式的所述可變形裝置中,與將電極形成在電活性層外部的情況相比,不管反復操作都抑制所述電極的性能降低並且能夠增加所述可變形裝置的壽命。In order to solve the problems described above, a deformable device according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided. The deformable device includes an electroactive layer. A first electrode is disposed inside the electroactive layer. A second electrode is disposed inside the electroactive layer and disposed on the first electrode at a distance from the first electrode. In the deformable device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the performance degradation of the electrode is suppressed and the life of the deformable device can be increased regardless of repeated operations as compared with the case where the electrode is formed outside the electroactive layer .
根據本發明的另一方面,所述電活性層被設置為圍繞所述第一電極和所述第二電極中的全部。According to another aspect of the invention, the electroactive layer is disposed to surround all of the first electrode and the second electrode.
根據本發明的另一方面,所述第一電極和所述第二電極中的至少一個包括導電材料的沉澱物。在這種情況下,能夠將所述第一電極和所述第二電極嵌入在所述電活性層的材料中,包括導電材料在重力影響下沉降在所述電活性層的仍然至少部分地為液體的材料內的自然沉澱、以及借助於與所述導電材料在化學上起反應的附加沉澱劑的化學沉澱。根據本發明的另一方面,所述電活性層包括電活性聚合物。According to another aspect of the invention, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises a precipitate of a conductive material. In this case, the first electrode and the second electrode can be embedded in the material of the electroactive layer, including that the conductive material settles under the influence of gravity on the electroactive layer is still at least partially Natural precipitation within the material of the liquid, as well as chemical precipitation by means of an additional precipitant that chemically reacts with the electrically conductive material. According to another aspect of the invention, the electroactive layer comprises an electroactive polymer.
根據本發明的示例性實施方式,所述電活性層包括彈性體,具體地,介電彈性體。According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the electroactive layer comprises an elastomer, in particular a dielectric elastomer.
根據本發明的又一方面,所述電活性層還包含雜質,所述雜質包括導電材料、沉澱劑和所述導電材料與所述沉澱劑的化合物以及硬化劑中的至少一種。According to still another aspect of the present invention, the electroactive layer further contains an impurity including at least one of a conductive material, a precipitating agent, and a compound of the conductive material and the precipitating agent, and a hardener.
根據本發明的又一方面,所述電活性層中的所述雜質的濃度隨著更靠近所述第一電極和所述第二電極而變得更高。According to still another aspect of the present invention, the concentration of the impurity in the electroactive layer becomes higher as it is closer to the first electrode and the second electrode.
根據本發明的又一方面,所述電活性層被設置為圍繞所述第一電極和所述第二電極。According to still another aspect of the present invention, the electroactive layer is disposed to surround the first electrode and the second electrode.
根據本發明的又一方面,所述第一電極和所述第二電極被設置在沿著所述電活性層的厚度方向的所述電活性層中的雜質的濃度比特定濃度高的範圍內。According to still another aspect of the present invention, the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed in a range in which a concentration of impurities in the electroactive layer along a thickness direction of the electroactive layer is higher than a specific concentration .
根據本發明的又一方面,所述電活性層的厚度是50微米(mm)至400 mm。根據一個示例性實施方式,所述電活性層的所述厚度是100 mm至300 mm。應該考慮到操作所述可變形裝置所需的功耗和驅動電壓來選擇所述厚度。如果所述厚度過量,則需要高驅動電壓來產生正常地操作所述可變形裝置所需的麥克斯韋應力,並且功耗增加。然而,如果所述厚度太小,則不能夠施加正常地操作所述可變形裝置所需的足夠電壓。According to still another aspect of the present invention, the electroactive layer has a thickness of 50 micrometers (mm) to 400 mm. According to an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the electroactive layer is from 100 mm to 300 mm. The thickness should be selected in consideration of the power consumption and driving voltage required to operate the deformable device. If the thickness is excessive, a high driving voltage is required to generate the Maxwell stress required to operate the deformable device normally, and power consumption is increased. However, if the thickness is too small, it is impossible to apply a sufficient voltage required to operate the deformable device normally.
根據本發明的又一方面,所述第一電極的下表面與所述電活性層的下表面之間的厚度以及所述第二電極的上表面與所述電活性層的上表面之間的厚度中的至少一個是0.1 mm至10 mm。According to still another aspect of the present invention, a thickness between a lower surface of the first electrode and a lower surface of the electroactive layer and an upper surface of the second electrode and an upper surface of the electroactive layer At least one of the thicknesses is 0.1 mm to 10 mm.
根據本發明的另一示例性實施方式,所述第一電極的下表面與所述電活性層的下表面之間的厚度以及所述第二電極的上表面與所述電活性層的上表面之間的厚度中的至少一個與所述電活性層的厚度成比例。According to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a thickness between a lower surface of the first electrode and a lower surface of the electroactive layer, and an upper surface of the second electrode and an upper surface of the electroactive layer At least one of the thicknesses between them is proportional to the thickness of the electroactive layer.
為了解決以上描述的問題,提供了一種根據本發明的另一實施方式的顯示裝置。根據本發明的顯示裝置包括顯示面板以及如上所述的可變形裝置。所述可變形裝置被設置在所述顯示面板下方。所述可變形裝置包括電活性層以及被插入到所述電活性層中的電極。當所述可變形裝置變形時,所述顯示裝置也變形為各種形式,並且所述顯示裝置能夠提供被變形為各種形式的輸出。In order to solve the above described problem, a display device according to another embodiment of the present invention is provided. A display device according to the present invention includes a display panel and a deformable device as described above. The deformable device is disposed below the display panel. The deformable device includes an electroactive layer and an electrode that is inserted into the electroactive layer. When the deformable device is deformed, the display device is also deformed into various forms, and the display device is capable of providing an output that is deformed into various forms.
根據本發明的另一方面,所述顯示面板具有可撓式基板。According to another aspect of the invention, the display panel has a flexible substrate.
根據本發明的又一方面,所述顯示裝置還包括:下蓋,該下蓋被設置在所述可變形裝置下方;以及上蓋,該上蓋被設置在所述可變形裝置上,其中,所述下蓋和所述上蓋由具有可撓性的材料構成。According to still another aspect of the present invention, the display device further includes: a lower cover disposed under the deformable device; and an upper cover disposed on the deformable device, wherein the The lower cover and the upper cover are constructed of a flexible material.
上述類型的所述顯示裝置可以是以下各項中的一個:智慧型電話;手錶;電子報紙;窗簾。The display device of the above type may be one of the following: a smart phone; a watch; an electronic newspaper; a curtain.
根據本發明的又一方面,上述類型的所述顯示裝置是以下各項中的一個:智慧型電話;手錶;電子報紙;窗簾。According to still another aspect of the present invention, the display device of the above type is one of: a smart phone; a watch; an electronic newspaper; a curtain.
本發明還涉及一種用於製造上述類型的可變形裝置的方法,該方法包括以下步驟:將導電材料注入到第一電活性層材料和第二電活性層材料;使所述導電材料沉澱以形成第一電活性層和第二電活性層,其中第一電極和第二電極分別被設置在所述第一電活性層和所述第二電活性層內部,並且使所述第一電活性層和所述第二電活性層硬化;以及將所述第一電活性層和所述第二電活性層彼此結合。The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a deformable device of the above type, the method comprising the steps of: injecting a conductive material into a first electroactive layer material and a second electroactive layer material; precipitating said conductive material to form a first electroactive layer and a second electroactive layer, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are disposed inside the first electroactive layer and the second electroactive layer, respectively, and the first electroactive layer is And curing the second electroactive layer; and bonding the first electroactive layer and the second electroactive layer to each other.
在該方法中,所述第一電極和所述第二電極單獨地形成在相應的第一電活性層和第二電活性層中。通過控制所述導電材料的沉澱以及所述第一電活性層和所述第二電活性層的材料的硬化,雜質(包括例如所述導電材料、所述沉澱劑和所述硬化劑)的濃度的變化能夠在相應的電活性層內以及所述第一電極和所述第二電極的形成時變化。當使單獨的第一電活性層和第二電活性層硬化時,能夠在它們之間無需任何黏合層的情況下將它們彼此結合。In the method, the first electrode and the second electrode are separately formed in respective first electroactive layers and second electroactive layers. Concentration of impurities (including, for example, the conductive material, the precipitant, and the hardener) by controlling precipitation of the conductive material and hardening of materials of the first electroactive layer and the second electroactive layer The change can be varied within the respective electroactive layer and when the first electrode and the second electrode are formed. When the individual first electroactive layer and the second electroactive layer are hardened, they can be bonded to each other without any adhesive layer therebetween.
根據一個實施方式,所述第一電活性層和所述第二電活性層通過熱彼此結合。According to an embodiment, the first electroactive layer and the second electroactive layer are bonded to each other by heat.
根據本發明的另一實施方式,壓力被施加到被加熱的所述第一電活性層和所述第二電活性層,從而使它們完全結合。所述第一電活性層與所述第二電活性層之間的介面在該製程中消失,並且形成在電活性層上。According to another embodiment of the invention, pressure is applied to the first electroactive layer and the second electroactive layer that are heated such that they are fully bonded. The interface between the first electroactive layer and the second electroactive layer disappears in the process and is formed on the electroactive layer.
根據本發明的一個實施方式,所述導電材料的沉澱是自然沉澱,其中所述導電材料通過重力沉澱在具有液性的所述電活性層材料中。這種自然沉澱是所述沉澱劑被沉積的沉降。According to an embodiment of the invention, the precipitation of the electrically conductive material is a natural precipitation, wherein the electrically conductive material is precipitated by gravity in the electroactive layer material having liquid properties. This natural precipitation is the sedimentation of the precipitant deposited.
根據本發明的另一實施方式,所述沉澱是所述導電材料通過與沉澱劑的化學反應而沉澱在具有流動性的所述電活性層材料中的化學沉澱。According to another embodiment of the present invention, the precipitate is a chemical precipitate of the conductive material precipitated in the electroactive layer material having fluidity by a chemical reaction with a precipitating agent.
根據本發明的不同的實施方式,能夠通過所述電活性層材料在正常溫度下硬化的自然硬化、通過化學硬化(意味著所述電活性層材料在化學反應中硬化)、通過熱(即,在比正常溫度高的溫度下)硬化或通過光(例如,通過紫外線(UV))硬化來執行所述第一電活性層材料和所述第二電活性層材料的硬化。According to various embodiments of the present invention, natural hardening by the electroactive layer material at normal temperature, by chemical hardening (meaning that the electroactive layer material is hardened in a chemical reaction), by heat (ie, The hardening of the first electroactive layer material and the second electroactive layer material is performed by hardening or by light (for example, by ultraviolet (UV)) hardening at a temperature higher than a normal temperature.
根據依據本發明的方法的另一實施方式,所述方法包括將沉澱劑和/或硬化劑注入到所述第一電活性層材料和所述第二電活性層材料的製程。According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the method comprises a process of injecting a precipitant and/or a hardener into the first electroactive layer material and the second electroactive layer material.
根據本發明的又一優選實施方式,將沉澱劑注入到所述第一電活性層材料和所述第二電活性層材料的製程以及將硬化劑注入到所述第一電活性層材料和所述第二電活性層材料的製程被同時執行。According to still another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a process of injecting a precipitant into the first electroactive layer material and the second electroactive layer material and injecting a hardener into the first electroactive layer material and The process of describing the second electroactive layer material is performed simultaneously.
根據本發明的另一優選實施方式,所述第一電活性層材料和所述第二電活性層材料的硬化的速度是通過設定相應的電活性層材料和所述硬化劑的比率來控制的。在該實施方式中,能夠控制相應的電活性層中的所述雜質(包括所述導電材料、所述沉澱劑和所述硬化劑)的濃度。利用所述雜質的濃度的變化,能夠改變相應的電活性層的介電常數。According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rate of hardening of the first electroactive layer material and the second electroactive layer material is controlled by setting a ratio of the corresponding electroactive layer material and the hardener . In this embodiment, the concentration of the impurities (including the conductive material, the precipitant, and the hardener) in the corresponding electroactive layer can be controlled. The dielectric constant of the corresponding electroactive layer can be changed by the change in the concentration of the impurities.
其他實施本發明的細節被包括在實施方式和圖式中。Other details of implementing the invention are included in the embodiments and drawings.
根據本發明,能夠提供一種可變形裝置,在該可變形裝置中,用於對所述電活性層施加電壓的所述電極能夠容易地形成在所述電活性層內部,並且其中,能夠不管反復操作都長時間保持所述電極的性能。According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a deformable device in which the electrode for applying a voltage to the electroactive layer can be easily formed inside the electroactive layer, and wherein The operation maintains the performance of the electrode for a long time.
另外,能夠提供一種可變形裝置,在該可變形裝置中,所述電極能夠在沒有用於形成所述電極的昂貴的電極形成設備的情況下在較短製程時間內形成在所述電活性層內部。In addition, it is possible to provide a deformable device in which the electrode can be formed in the electroactive layer in a shorter process time without an expensive electrode forming device for forming the electrode. internal.
而且,因為在所述電極被插入到所述可變形裝置中以給所述可變形裝置提供所述電極時獨立的黏合層和遮罩層不是必需的,所以能夠提供具有較小的厚度並在薄外形方面有利的所述顯示裝置。Moreover, since a separate adhesive layer and a mask layer are not necessary when the electrode is inserted into the deformable device to provide the electrode to the deformable device, it is possible to provide a thickness having a small thickness and The display device is advantageous in terms of a thin profile.
根據本發明的優點不限於以上舉例說明的描述,並且更多的各種優點被包括在本說明書中。The advantages according to the present invention are not limited to the descriptions exemplified above, and more various advantages are included in the present specification.
以上之關於本揭露內容之說明及以下之實施方式之說明係用以示範與解釋本發明之精神與原理,並且提供本發明之專利申請範圍更進一步之解釋。The above description of the disclosure and the following description of the embodiments of the present invention are intended to illustrate and explain the spirit and principles of the invention, and to provide further explanation of the scope of the invention.
以下在實施方式中詳細敘述本發明之詳細特徵以及優點,其內容足以使任何熟習相關技藝者瞭解本發明之技術內容並據以實施,且根據本說明書所揭露之內容、申請專利範圍及圖式,任何熟習相關技藝者可輕易地理解本發明相關之目的及優點。以下之實施例係進一步詳細說明本發明之觀點,但非以任何觀點限制本發明之範疇。The detailed features and advantages of the present invention are set forth in the Detailed Description of the Detailed Description of the <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> <RTIgt; The objects and advantages associated with the present invention can be readily understood by those skilled in the art. The following examples are intended to describe the present invention in further detail, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
在圖式中公開以用於描述本發明的實施方式的元件的形狀、尺寸、比率、角度、數量等是示例性的,並且本發明不限於這些例示。另外,在本發明的說明書中,當確定了關於相關已知技術的具體描述可能不必要地使本發明的要點模糊時,省略其詳細描述。當使用了本說明書中提及的“包含(include)”、“具有”、“包括(comprise)”等時,除非使用了“僅”,否則可以添加其他部分。構成元素由單數形式表達,除非存在具體描述,否則它包括複數形式。The shapes, dimensions, ratios, angles, numbers, and the like of the elements disclosed in the drawings for describing the embodiments of the present invention are exemplary, and the present invention is not limited to these examples. In addition, in the specification of the present invention, when it is determined that a detailed description about related art may unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. When "include", "has", "comprise", etc., as used in this specification is used, other parts may be added unless "only" is used. The constituent elements are expressed in the singular form and include the plural unless there is a specific description.
在分析構成元素時,即使當不存在獨立的描述時,它們也包括誤差範圍。When analyzing constituent elements, they include an error range even when there is no independent description.
在位置關係的描述中,當利用例如“位於...上”、“在上部處”、“位於...下方”、“在下部處”、“接近”等對兩個部分之間的位置關係進行描述時,除非使用了“正好”或“直接”,否則可以在兩個部分之間設置一個或更多個其他部分。In the description of the positional relationship, when using, for example, "on", "at the upper", "below", "at the lower", "close", etc., the position between the two parts When describing a relationship, one or more other parts can be placed between the two parts unless "just" or "direct" is used.
裝置或層位於另一裝置或層上的描述包括另一層或另一裝置被正好插置在另一裝置上或插置在中間的所有情況。The description of a device or layer on another device or layer includes all instances where another layer or another device is inserted on the other device or intervening.
儘管第一、第二等被用來描述各種構成元素,但是這些構成元素不受這些術語限制。這些術語僅用來區分一個構成元素和另一構成元素。因此,在本發明的技術精神內,在下文中提及的第一構成元素可以是第二構成元素。Although the first, second, etc. are used to describe various constituent elements, these constituent elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one constituent element from another constituent element. Therefore, within the technical spirit of the present invention, the first constituent element mentioned hereinafter may be the second constituent element.
貫穿本說明書,相同的附圖標記和符號表示相同的構成元素。Throughout the specification, the same reference numerals and symbols denote the same constituent elements.
附圖所例示的各個構造的尺寸和厚度是為了方便描述而示出的,但是本發明不必限於所例示的構造的尺寸和厚度。The dimensions and thicknesses of the various configurations illustrated in the drawings are shown for convenience of description, but the invention is not necessarily limited to the size and thickness of the illustrated construction.
本發明的各種實施方式的特徵能夠彼此部分地或整體地連接或組合,並且能夠如可以由本領域技術人員充分理解的那樣在技術上不同地連動或操作,並且這些實施方式可以被彼此獨立地具體實現,並且可以被彼此協作地一起具體實現。Features of various embodiments of the present invention can be connected or combined, in part or in whole, with each other, and can be technically differently linked or operated as can be fully understood by those skilled in the art, and these embodiments can be specifically independent of each other Implemented and can be implemented in conjunction with each other.
在下文中,將參照圖式詳細描述本發明的各種實施方式。Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
圖1為本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的示意立體圖。參照圖1,可變形裝置100包括電活性層110、第一電極121和第二電極122。Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a deformable device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, the deformable device 100 includes an electroactive layer 110, a first electrode 121, and a second electrode 122.
參照圖1,電活性層110包括電活性聚合物。具體地,電活性層110由介電彈性體構成。例如,電活性層110可以由基於矽、聚氨酯、丙烯等的介電彈性體構成。Referring to Figure 1, electroactive layer 110 comprises an electroactive polymer. Specifically, the electroactive layer 110 is composed of a dielectric elastomer. For example, the electroactive layer 110 may be composed of a dielectric elastomer based on ruthenium, polyurethane, propylene, or the like.
第一電極121是被設置在可變形裝置100的下部處的電極。具體地,第一電極121被設置在電活性層110內部的電活性層110的下部處。例如,可以如圖1所例示的那樣在電活性層110內部與電活性層110的下表面分開地設置第一電極121。在未例示的狀況中,第一電極121可以被設置為在電活性層110內部與電活性層110的下表面接觸。The first electrode 121 is an electrode that is disposed at a lower portion of the deformable device 100. Specifically, the first electrode 121 is disposed at a lower portion of the electroactive layer 110 inside the electroactive layer 110. For example, the first electrode 121 may be disposed inside the electroactive layer 110 separately from the lower surface of the electroactive layer 110 as illustrated in FIG. In the unexemplified condition, the first electrode 121 may be disposed to be in contact with the lower surface of the electroactive layer 110 inside the electroactive layer 110.
第二電極122是被設置在可變形裝置100的上部處的電極。第二電極122被按照離第一電極121一定垂直距離設置在電活性層110內部的電活性層110的上部處。例如,可以如圖1所例示的那樣在電活性層110內部與電活性層110的上表面分開地設置第二電極122。在未例示的狀況中,第二電極122可以被設置為在電活性層110內部與電活性層110的上表面接觸。The second electrode 122 is an electrode that is disposed at an upper portion of the deformable device 100. The second electrode 122 is disposed at an upper portion of the electroactive layer 110 inside the electroactive layer 110 at a certain vertical distance from the first electrode 121. For example, the second electrode 122 may be disposed inside the electroactive layer 110 separately from the upper surface of the electroactive layer 110 as illustrated in FIG. In the unexemplified condition, the second electrode 122 may be disposed to be in contact with the upper surface of the electroactive layer 110 inside the electroactive layer 110.
第一電極121和第二電極122可以由相同的材料製成。具體地,第一電極121和第二電極122包括導電材料。例如,第一電極121和第二電極122可以由諸如金屬粉末、碳奈米管(CNT)、Ag-奈米線(Ag-NW)或導電聚合物的各種導電材料製成。在一些實施方式中,第一電極121和第二電極122還可以包括除導電材料以外的雜質。在這種情況下,雜質可以是沉澱劑或者導電材料和沉澱劑的化合物。The first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may be made of the same material. Specifically, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 include a conductive material. For example, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may be made of various conductive materials such as metal powder, carbon nanotube (CNT), Ag-nano wire (Ag-NW), or a conductive polymer. In some embodiments, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may further include impurities other than the conductive material. In this case, the impurities may be a precipitating agent or a compound of a conductive material and a precipitating agent.
儘管圖1未例示,但是電活性層110還可以包括除電活性聚合物以外的雜質。具體地,雜質可以是與構成第一電極121和第二電極的導電材料相同的材料、沉澱劑以及沉澱劑和導電材料的化合物中的至少一種。Although not illustrated in FIG. 1, the electroactive layer 110 may further include impurities other than the electroactive polymer. Specifically, the impurities may be at least one of the same material as the conductive material constituting the first electrode 121 and the second electrode, a precipitating agent, and a compound of a precipitating agent and a conductive material.
當在電活性層110中存在雜質時,電活性層110中的雜質的濃度隨著更靠近第一電極121和第二電極122而增加。換句話說,雜質的濃度在第一電極121和第二電極122周圍最高,而在電活性層110的作為第一電極121與第二電極122之間的中間部分的中心處最低。When impurities are present in the electroactive layer 110, the concentration of impurities in the electroactive layer 110 increases as it is closer to the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122. In other words, the concentration of the impurity is highest around the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, and is the lowest at the center of the intermediate portion between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 of the electroactive layer 110.
電活性層110中的雜質的濃度對施加到電活性層110的麥克斯韋應力(Maxwell Stress)的大小有影響。麥克斯韋應力與電活性層110的介電常數(permittivity)成比例,並且可以通過電活性層110中的雜質來提高介電常數。具體地,當在電活性層110中存在雜質時,電活性層110的介電常數被提高,進而,可以增加施加到電活性層110的麥克斯韋應力。The concentration of impurities in the electroactive layer 110 has an effect on the magnitude of Maxwell Stress applied to the electroactive layer 110. The Maxwell stress is proportional to the permittivity of the electroactive layer 110, and the dielectric constant can be increased by impurities in the electroactive layer 110. Specifically, when impurities are present in the electroactive layer 110, the dielectric constant of the electroactive layer 110 is increased, and further, the Maxwell stress applied to the electroactive layer 110 can be increased.
第一電極121和第二電極122是軟電極。換句話說,第一電極121和第二電極122可以具有可撓性以使由具有可撓性的彈性體制成的電活性層110的形狀變形。因此,第一電極121和第二電極122被插入到電活性層110中。因此,即使當電活性層110的形狀變形時也不發生破裂並且電極的性能也不下降。The first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are soft electrodes. In other words, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may have flexibility to deform the shape of the electroactive layer 110 made of a flexible elastomer. Therefore, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are inserted into the electroactive layer 110. Therefore, cracking does not occur even when the shape of the electroactive layer 110 is deformed and the performance of the electrode does not decrease.
通過由供應給第一電極121和第二電極122的電荷產生的電場使電活性層110變形,從而使可變形裝置100變形。具體地,可變形裝置100的變形的方向和形狀可以根據供應給第一電極121和第二電極122的電荷的極性而變化。在下文中,將詳細地描述通過第一電極121和第二電極122來使電活性層110變形的過程。The deformable device 100 is deformed by deforming the electroactive layer 110 by an electric field generated by charges supplied to the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122. Specifically, the direction and shape of the deformation of the deformable device 100 may vary according to the polarity of the charges supplied to the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122. Hereinafter, a process of deforming the electroactive layer 110 by the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 will be described in detail.
第一電極121向電活性層110的下部供應電荷。第二電極122向電活性層110的上部供應電荷。因此,在第一電極121與第二電極122之間形成電場。在這種情況下,供應給第一電極121和第二電極122的電荷的電特性可以彼此相反。換句話說,當正電荷被供應給第一電極121時,負電荷被供應給第二電極122,而當負電荷被供應給第一電極121時,正電荷被供應給第二電極122。在這種情況下,當供應給第一電極121的電荷的電特性與供應給第二電極122的電荷的電特性被改變為彼此相反時,電場的方向也改變。換句話說,施加到第一電極121與第二電極122之間的電活性層110的電壓可以是交流(AC)電壓,並且基於該交流電壓的電場形成在第一電極121與第二電極122之間。在一些實施方式中,正電荷或負電荷被供應給第一電極121和第二電極122中的任一個,並且另一電極可以接地。The first electrode 121 supplies a charge to a lower portion of the electroactive layer 110. The second electrode 122 supplies a charge to an upper portion of the electroactive layer 110. Therefore, an electric field is formed between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122. In this case, the electrical characteristics of the charges supplied to the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may be opposite to each other. In other words, when a positive charge is supplied to the first electrode 121, a negative charge is supplied to the second electrode 122, and when a negative charge is supplied to the first electrode 121, a positive charge is supplied to the second electrode 122. In this case, when the electrical characteristics of the electric charge supplied to the first electrode 121 and the electric characteristics of the electric charge supplied to the second electrode 122 are changed to be opposite to each other, the direction of the electric field also changes. In other words, the voltage applied to the electroactive layer 110 between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may be an alternating current (AC) voltage, and an electric field based on the alternating voltage is formed at the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122. between. In some embodiments, a positive or negative charge is supplied to any of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, and the other electrode may be grounded.
因此,形成在第一電極121與第二電極122之間的電場導致第一電極121與第二電極122之間的電活性層110的極化,並且通過基於極化的靜電引力,經受麥克斯韋應力的電活性層110變形。Therefore, the electric field formed between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 causes polarization of the electroactive layer 110 between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, and is subjected to Maxwell stress by electrostatic attraction based on polarization. The electroactive layer 110 is deformed.
當在第一電極121與第二電極122之間施加交流電壓時,通過第一電極121與第二電極122之間的電場在電活性層110中產生麥克斯韋應力。電活性層110和可變形裝置100的變形的程度根據在第一電極121與第二電極122之間施加的這種交流電壓的振幅而變化。具體地,當在第一電極121與第二電極122之間施加的交流電壓的振幅增加時,麥克斯韋應力的大小與交流電壓的振幅的平方成比例地增加。因此,當在第一電極121與第二電極122之間施加的交流電壓的振幅增加時,麥克斯韋應力的大小增加,並且電活性層110的形狀和可變形裝置100的形狀顯著變形。When an alternating voltage is applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, Maxwell stress is generated in the electroactive layer 110 by an electric field between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122. The degree of deformation of the electroactive layer 110 and the deformable device 100 varies depending on the amplitude of such an alternating voltage applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122. Specifically, when the amplitude of the alternating voltage applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 is increased, the magnitude of the Maxwell stress increases in proportion to the square of the amplitude of the alternating voltage. Therefore, when the amplitude of the alternating voltage applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 is increased, the magnitude of the Maxwell stress is increased, and the shape of the electroactive layer 110 and the shape of the deformable device 100 are significantly deformed.
另外,電活性層110和可變形裝置100的變形速度根據在第一電極121與第二電極122之間施加的交流電壓的頻率而改變。具體地,當在第一電極121與第二電極122之間施加的交流電壓的頻率被提高時,在第一電極121與第二電極122之間施加的交流電壓的極性迅速地改變。因此,施加到電活性層110和可變形裝置100的麥克斯韋應力的方向迅速地改變,並且電活性層110和可變形裝置100的變形的方向也迅速地改變。In addition, the deformation speed of the electroactive layer 110 and the deformable device 100 changes according to the frequency of the alternating voltage applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122. Specifically, when the frequency of the alternating voltage applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 is increased, the polarity of the alternating voltage applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 is rapidly changed. Therefore, the direction of the Maxwell stress applied to the electroactive layer 110 and the deformable device 100 changes rapidly, and the direction of deformation of the electroactive layer 110 and the deformable device 100 also changes rapidly.
在根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置100中,能夠不管反復操作都長期保持性能的第一電極121和第二電極122被設置在電活性層110內部。具體地,第一電極121被插入到電活性層110中的下部中,第二電極122被插入到電活性層110中的上部中,進而通過從第一電極121和第二電極122供應的電荷在電活性層110中形成電場。然而,當按照將軟電極塗覆或印刷在電活性層的外表面上的方式形成第一電極和第二電極時,這些軟電極由於可變形裝置的反復操作而破裂或損壞。因此,這些軟電極不用作電極,並且可變形裝置也不能夠操作。相反,在根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置100中,第一電極121和第二電極122被插入到電活性層110中,並且由適合於變形的材料製成,進而不管可變形裝置100的反復操作都能夠使第一電極121和第二電極122的損壞最小化。In the deformable device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 capable of maintaining performance for a long period of time regardless of repeated operations are disposed inside the electroactive layer 110. Specifically, the first electrode 121 is inserted into a lower portion of the electroactive layer 110, and the second electrode 122 is inserted into an upper portion of the electroactive layer 110, thereby passing charges supplied from the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122. An electric field is formed in the electroactive layer 110. However, when the first electrode and the second electrode are formed in such a manner that the soft electrode is coated or printed on the outer surface of the electroactive layer, these soft electrodes are broken or damaged due to repeated operations of the deformable device. Therefore, these soft electrodes are not used as electrodes, and the deformable device is also inoperable. In contrast, in the deformable device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are inserted into the electroactive layer 110, and are made of a material suitable for deformation, regardless of the deformable device 100. The repeated operations are capable of minimizing damage of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122.
另外,當根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置100的電活性層110包含雜質時,通過電活性層110中的雜質增加了麥克斯韋應力的大小。具體地,在第一電極121與第二電極122之間的電活性層110中可能存在除電活性聚合物以外的雜質,所述電活性聚合物包括介電常數比不包含雜質的介電彈性體的介電常數高的雜質。因此,因為包含雜質的電活性層110的介電常數比不包含雜質的電活性層的介電常數高,所以與介電常數成比例的麥克斯韋應力的大小也增加。In addition, when the electroactive layer 110 of the deformable device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention contains impurities, the magnitude of the Maxwell stress is increased by the impurities in the electroactive layer 110. Specifically, impurities other than the electroactive polymer may be present in the electroactive layer 110 between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, and the electroactive polymer includes a dielectric elastomer having a dielectric constant ratio not containing impurities. An impurity with a high dielectric constant. Therefore, since the dielectric constant of the electroactive layer 110 containing impurities is higher than the dielectric constant of the electroactive layer containing no impurities, the magnitude of the Maxwell stress proportional to the dielectric constant also increases.
在下文中,將一起參照圖2A、圖2B和圖2C詳細地描述可變形裝置100的驅動電壓根據將第一電極和第二電極設置在電活性層110中而下降。Hereinafter, the driving voltage of the deformable device 100 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C to be lowered according to the arrangement of the first electrode and the second electrode in the electroactive layer 110.
圖2A、圖2B和圖2C是根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的示意剖視圖以及例示了導電材料的濃度關於剖視圖中的電活性層的高度的曲線圖。具體地,圖2A是根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的示意剖視圖,圖2B是通過對圖2A中的可變形裝置的一部分(X)進行放大而獲得的剖視圖,圖2C是關於根據圖2B所例示的可變形裝置的截面的高度的導電材料的濃度的曲線圖。因為圖2A和圖2B是圖1所例示的可變形裝置100的剖視圖,所以不重複相同的描述。2A, 2B, and 2C are schematic cross-sectional views of a deformable device and illustrating a concentration of a conductive material with respect to a height of an electroactive layer in a cross-sectional view, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a deformable device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view obtained by enlarging a part (X) of the deformable device of FIG. 2A, and FIG. 2C is related to 2B is a graph of the concentration of the conductive material at the height of the cross section of the deformable device. Since FIGS. 2A and 2B are cross-sectional views of the deformable device 100 illustrated in FIG. 1, the same description will not be repeated.
參照圖2A,第一電極121被設置為遠離電活性層110的下表面,並且第二電極122被設置為遠離電活性層110的上表面。因此,電活性層110被形成為圍繞第一電極121和第二電極122中的全部。換句話說,第一電極121和第二電極122被插入到電活性層110中。具體地,被注入到電活性層材料的導電材料被沉澱為遠離電活性層的下表面,從而形成電極。例如,導電材料被注入到第一電活性層材料,經注入的導電材料被沉澱為遠離第一電活性層的下表面,從而形成第一電極121,並且導電材料被注入到第二電活性層材料,經注入的導電材料被沉澱為遠離第二電活性層的下表面,從而形成第二電極122。在這種情況下,可以通過使導電材料沉澱來將第一電極121和第二電極122形成為具有任意厚度。因此,在形成了第一電極121和第二電極122之後,可以通過將第一電活性層材料和第二電活性層材料結合使得第二電極122如圖2A所例示的那樣被設置在第一電極121上方來形成可變形裝置100。換句話說,如圖2A所例示的,在可變形裝置100中,可以遠離電活性層110的下表面形成第一電極121,並且可以遠離電活性層110的上表面形成第二電極122。將稍後參照圖3以及圖4A、圖4B、圖4C和圖4D來描述製造包括第一電極121和第二電極122的可變形裝置的具體方法。Referring to FIG. 2A, the first electrode 121 is disposed away from the lower surface of the electroactive layer 110, and the second electrode 122 is disposed away from the upper surface of the electroactive layer 110. Therefore, the electroactive layer 110 is formed to surround all of the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122. In other words, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are inserted into the electroactive layer 110. Specifically, the conductive material injected into the electroactive layer material is precipitated away from the lower surface of the electroactive layer, thereby forming an electrode. For example, a conductive material is injected into the first electroactive layer material, the implanted conductive material is precipitated away from the lower surface of the first electroactive layer, thereby forming the first electrode 121, and the conductive material is injected into the second electroactive layer The material, the injected conductive material is precipitated away from the lower surface of the second electroactive layer, thereby forming the second electrode 122. In this case, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may be formed to have any thickness by precipitating the conductive material. Therefore, after the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are formed, the second electrode 122 can be disposed at the first position as illustrated in FIG. 2A by combining the first electroactive layer material and the second electroactive layer material. A deformable device 100 is formed over the electrode 121. In other words, as illustrated in FIG. 2A, in the deformable device 100, the first electrode 121 may be formed away from the lower surface of the electroactive layer 110, and the second electrode 122 may be formed away from the upper surface of the electroactive layer 110. A specific method of manufacturing a deformable device including the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 will be described later with reference to FIG. 3 and FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D.
如上所述,當電活性層110形成在電活性層110內部的第一電極121下方並且形成在電活性層110內部的第二電極122上時,形成在第一電極121下方的電活性層110的厚度d1以及形成在第二電極122上的電活性層110的厚度d2小於形成在第一電極121與第二電極122之間的電活性層110的厚度d3。在一些實施方式中,形成在第一電極121下方的電活性層110的厚度d1以及形成在第二電極122上的電活性層110的厚度d2可以彼此不同。As described above, when the electroactive layer 110 is formed under the first electrode 121 inside the electroactive layer 110 and formed on the second electrode 122 inside the electroactive layer 110, the electroactive layer 110 formed under the first electrode 121 is formed. The thickness d1 and the thickness d2 of the electroactive layer 110 formed on the second electrode 122 are smaller than the thickness d3 of the electroactive layer 110 formed between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122. In some embodiments, the thickness d1 of the electroactive layer 110 formed under the first electrode 121 and the thickness d2 of the electroactive layer 110 formed on the second electrode 122 may be different from each other.
在本文中,可以由本領域技術人員考慮操作可變形裝置100所需的功耗和驅動電壓並且考慮是否正常地作為可變形裝置100進行操作來自由地選擇電活性層110的厚度d。優選地,電活性層110的厚度d可以是50 mm至400 mm。更優選地,電活性層110的厚度d可以是100 mm至300 mm。在本文中,當電活性層110的厚度d小於50 mm時,不能夠施加正常地操作可變形裝置100所需的足夠電壓。因此,不能夠正常地操作可變形裝置100。另外,當電活性層110的厚度d大於400 mm時,需要高驅動電壓來產生正常地操作可變形裝置所需的麥克斯韋應力,並且從而可能過度地增加功耗。Herein, the thickness d of the electroactive layer 110 can be freely selected by those skilled in the art in consideration of the power consumption and driving voltage required to operate the deformable device 100 and whether or not to operate normally as the deformable device 100. Preferably, the thickness d of the electroactive layer 110 may be from 50 mm to 400 mm. More preferably, the thickness d of the electroactive layer 110 may be from 100 mm to 300 mm. Herein, when the thickness d of the electroactive layer 110 is less than 50 mm, it is impossible to apply a sufficient voltage required to normally operate the deformable device 100. Therefore, the deformable device 100 cannot be operated normally. In addition, when the thickness d of the electroactive layer 110 is greater than 400 mm, a high driving voltage is required to generate the Maxwell stress required to operate the deformable device normally, and thus it is possible to excessively increase the power consumption.
形成在第一電極121下方的電活性層110的部分以及形成在第二電極122上的電活性層110的部分可以用作遮罩層。換句話說,形成在第一電極121下方的電活性層110的部分以及形成在第二電極122上的電活性層110的部分能夠保護第一電極121和第二電極122使其不與外部導電材料接觸。因此,第一電極121和第二電極122可以通過形成在第一電極121下方的電活性層110的部分以及形成在第二電極122上的電活性層110的部分的接觸孔來連接至外部電源線。A portion of the electroactive layer 110 formed under the first electrode 121 and a portion of the electroactive layer 110 formed on the second electrode 122 may function as a mask layer. In other words, a portion of the electroactive layer 110 formed under the first electrode 121 and a portion of the electroactive layer 110 formed on the second electrode 122 can protect the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 from being electrically conductive with the outside. Material contact. Therefore, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may be connected to an external power source through a portion of the electroactive layer 110 formed under the first electrode 121 and a contact hole of a portion of the electroactive layer 110 formed on the second electrode 122. line.
可以適當地確定形成在第一電極121下方的電活性層110的厚度d1以及形成在第二電極122上的電活性層110的厚度d2以執行遮罩層功能。例如,形成在第一電極121下方的電活性層110的厚度d1以及形成在第二電極122上的電活性層110的厚度d2中的至少一個可以是0.1 mm至10 mm。在本文中,當形成在第一電極121下方的電活性層110的厚度d1以及形成在第二電極122上的電活性層110的厚度d2小於0.1 mm時,作為形成在第一電極121下方的電活性層110以及形成在第二電極122上的電活性層110的遮罩層的功能可以顯著減少。當厚度d1和厚度d2大於10 mm時,可能難以通過接觸孔將第一電極121和第二電極122連接至外部電源線。在這種情況下,能夠通過調節被注入到電活性層110的導電材料的濃度和比重並且調節是否添加沉澱劑來形成在以上描述的厚度方面有關係的電活性層110。The thickness d1 of the electroactive layer 110 formed under the first electrode 121 and the thickness d2 of the electroactive layer 110 formed on the second electrode 122 may be appropriately determined to perform a mask layer function. For example, at least one of the thickness d1 of the electroactive layer 110 formed under the first electrode 121 and the thickness d2 of the electroactive layer 110 formed on the second electrode 122 may be 0.1 mm to 10 mm. Herein, when the thickness d1 of the electroactive layer 110 formed under the first electrode 121 and the thickness d2 of the electroactive layer 110 formed on the second electrode 122 are less than 0.1 mm, as being formed under the first electrode 121 The function of the electrically active layer 110 and the mask layer of the electroactive layer 110 formed on the second electrode 122 can be significantly reduced. When the thickness d1 and the thickness d2 are larger than 10 mm, it may be difficult to connect the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 to the external power source line through the contact holes. In this case, the electroactive layer 110 which is related to the thickness described above can be formed by adjusting the concentration and specific gravity of the conductive material injected into the electroactive layer 110 and adjusting whether or not a precipitant is added.
在一些實施方式中,當電活性層110的厚度d是300 mm時並且當形成在第一電極121下方的電活性層110的厚度d1以及形成在第二電極122上的電活性層110的厚度d2是數mm至10 mm時,形成在第一電極121與第二電極122之間的電活性層110的厚度d3被形成為大約280 mm至290 mm。In some embodiments, when the thickness d of the electroactive layer 110 is 300 mm and when the thickness d1 of the electroactive layer 110 formed under the first electrode 121 and the thickness of the electroactive layer 110 formed on the second electrode 122 When d2 is several mm to 10 mm, the thickness d3 of the electroactive layer 110 formed between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 is formed to be about 280 mm to 290 mm.
第一電極121與第二電極122之間的電活性層110的厚度d3對施加到電活性層110的麥克斯韋應力的大小有影響。麥克斯韋應力與有效電場的大小成比例,並且隨著第一電極121與第二電極122之間的距離變小,第一電極121與第二電極122之間的有效電場的大小增加。根據通過減小第一電極121與第二電極122之間的距離來減小形成在第一電極121與第二電極122之間的電活性層110的厚度d3,施加到第一電極121與第二電極122之間的電活性層110的有效電場的大小增加。因此,為了在使在第一電極121與第二電極122之間施加的交流電壓的振幅最小化的同時增加有效電場的大小,第一電極121和第二電極122被設置在電活性層110中,以使第一電極121與第二電極122之間的距離變窄。與第一電極121和第二電極122被分別設置在電活性層110的上表面和下表面上的情況(即,第一電極121和第二電極122按照電活性層110的厚度d分開的情況)相比,可以增加施加到電活性層110的麥克斯韋應力,並且能夠僅通過具有小振幅的交流電壓來操作可變形裝置100。The thickness d3 of the electroactive layer 110 between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 has an effect on the magnitude of the Maxwell stress applied to the electroactive layer 110. The Maxwell stress is proportional to the magnitude of the effective electric field, and as the distance between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 becomes smaller, the magnitude of the effective electric field between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 increases. The thickness d3 of the electroactive layer 110 formed between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 is reduced by reducing the distance between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, and applied to the first electrode 121 and the first electrode The magnitude of the effective electric field of the electroactive layer 110 between the two electrodes 122 increases. Therefore, in order to increase the magnitude of the effective electric field while minimizing the amplitude of the alternating voltage applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are disposed in the electroactive layer 110 So that the distance between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 is narrowed. The case where the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are respectively disposed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the electroactive layer 110 (that is, the case where the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are separated according to the thickness d of the electroactive layer 110) In comparison, the Maxwell stress applied to the electroactive layer 110 can be increased, and the deformable device 100 can be operated only by an alternating voltage having a small amplitude.
參照圖2B和圖2C,導電材料的濃度隨著被從第一電極121的下表面導向電活性層110的中心而逐漸減小。具體地,確定了從電活性層110的下表面朝向電活性層110的上表面的方向是電活性層110的厚度方向Td ,並且導電材料的濃度N隨著從第一電極121沿著電活性層110的厚度方向Td 靠近電活性層110的中心而逐漸減小。另外,在電活性層110的下表面與第一電極121的下表面之間的電活性層110中可能沒有導電材料。換句話說,為了讓導電材料基本上用作電極,導電材料被沉澱以按照任意厚度遠離電活性層110的下表面,並且被沉澱為與第一電極121的厚度對應,從而構造第一電極121。Referring to FIGS. 2B and 2C, the concentration of the conductive material gradually decreases as being guided from the lower surface of the first electrode 121 toward the center of the electroactive layer 110. Specifically, it is determined that the direction from the lower surface of the electroactive layer 110 toward the upper surface of the electroactive layer 110 is the thickness direction T d of the electroactive layer 110, and the concentration N of the conductive material follows the electric from the first electrode 121 The thickness direction T d of the active layer 110 gradually decreases toward the center of the electroactive layer 110. In addition, there may be no conductive material in the electroactive layer 110 between the lower surface of the electroactive layer 110 and the lower surface of the first electrode 121. In other words, in order to allow the conductive material to function substantially as an electrode, the conductive material is precipitated away from the lower surface of the electroactive layer 110 at an arbitrary thickness, and is precipitated to correspond to the thickness of the first electrode 121, thereby configuring the first electrode 121. .
當在導電材料的濃度N沿著電活性層110的厚度方向Td減小的同時導電材料的濃度等於或低於特定濃度N0 (滲濾閾值)時,導電材料不能夠用作電極。換句話說,當從通過沉澱形成的第一電極121的上表面沿電活性層110的厚度方向Td 前進時,導電材料的濃度N減小為能夠用作電極的濃度N0 或更低濃度。因此,存在於第一電極121的上表面與電活性層110的中心之間的導電材料基本上不構成電極。類似地,如圖2A所例示的,當從通過沉澱形成的第二電極122的下表面靠近電活性層110的中心時,導電材料的濃度N減小為能夠用作電極的濃度N0 或更低濃度。因此,存在於第二電極122的下表面與電活性層110的中心之間的導電材料基本上不構成電極。When the concentration of the conductive material decreases along the thickness direction Td of the electroactive layer 110 while the concentration of the conductive material is equal to or lower than the specific concentration N 0 (percolation threshold), the conductive material cannot be used as an electrode. In other words, when the thickness T d from the forward direction along the surface of the electroactive layer 110 is a first electrode 121 is formed by precipitation, the concentration of the conductive material is reduced to a concentration of N can be used as an electrode or a lower concentration N 0 . Therefore, the conductive material existing between the upper surface of the first electrode 121 and the center of the electroactive layer 110 does not substantially constitute an electrode. Similarly, as illustrated in FIG. 2A, when the lower surface of the second electrode 122 formed by precipitation approaches the center of the electroactive layer 110, the concentration N of the conductive material is reduced to a concentration N 0 that can be used as an electrode or more. Low concentration. Therefore, the conductive material existing between the lower surface of the second electrode 122 and the center of the electroactive layer 110 does not substantially constitute an electrode.
因此,儘管在第一電極121與第二電極122之間的電活性層110中存在導電材料,但是存在於第一電極121與第二電極122之間的電活性層110中的導電材料可以不用作電極。然而,存在於第一電極121與第二電極122之間的電活性層110中的導電材料用作通過增加電活性層110的介電常數來增加麥克斯韋應力的摻雜劑。因此,作用於電活性層110的麥克斯韋應力增加,並且用於產生相同的麥克斯韋應力的驅動電壓可以減小。Therefore, although a conductive material is present in the electroactive layer 110 between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122, the conductive material present in the electroactive layer 110 between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may not be used. As an electrode. However, the conductive material present in the electroactive layer 110 between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 functions as a dopant that increases the Maxwell stress by increasing the dielectric constant of the electroactive layer 110. Therefore, the Maxwell stress acting on the electroactive layer 110 is increased, and the driving voltage for generating the same Maxwell stress can be reduced.
在根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置100中,第一電極121和第二電極122被設置在電活性層110中,並且麥克斯韋應力的大小增加。具體地,因為第一電極121和第二電極122被設置在電活性層110中,所以與這些電極被設置在電活性層110外部的情況相比,第一電極121與第二電極122之間的距離減小。因此,第一電極121與第二電極122之間的有效電場的大小增加,並且與有效電場的大小成比例的麥克斯韋應力的大小也增加。In the deformable device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are disposed in the electroactive layer 110, and the magnitude of the Maxwell stress is increased. Specifically, since the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 are disposed in the electroactive layer 110, compared with the case where the electrodes are disposed outside the electroactive layer 110, between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 The distance is reduced. Therefore, the magnitude of the effective electric field between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 increases, and the magnitude of the Maxwell stress which is proportional to the magnitude of the effective electric field also increases.
圖3為製造根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的方法的流程圖。圖4A、圖4B、圖4C和圖4D為製造根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的方法的製程的立體圖。圖4A、圖4B、圖4C和圖4D為製造圖1所例示的可變形裝置的方法的製程的立體圖,並且不反復地描述參照圖1所描述的構成元素。3 is a flow chart of a method of making a deformable device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D are perspective views of a process of fabricating a method of deformable device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D are perspective views of a process of the method of manufacturing the deformable device illustrated in Fig. 1, and the constituent elements described with reference to Fig. 1 are not repeatedly described.
首先,導電材料被注入到第一電活性層材料和第二電活性層材料(S31)。First, a conductive material is injected into the first electroactive layer material and the second electroactive layer material (S31).
參照圖4A,導電材料被注入到第一電活性層材料491和第二電活性層材料492。在這種情況下,第一電活性層材料491和第二電活性層材料492包括電活性聚合物,並且處於液態或半液態。換句話說,第一電活性層材料491和第二電活性層材料492是具有流動性的材料,並且處於能夠注入導電材料的狀態。另外,還可以將沉澱劑注入到第一電活性層材料491和第二電活性層材料492,並且還可以將硬化劑注入到第一電活性層材料491和第二電活性層材料492。Referring to FIG. 4A, a conductive material is implanted into the first electroactive layer material 491 and the second electroactive layer material 492. In this case, the first electroactive layer material 491 and the second electroactive layer material 492 comprise an electroactive polymer and are in a liquid or semi-liquid state. In other words, the first electroactive layer material 491 and the second electroactive layer material 492 are materials having fluidity and are in a state capable of injecting a conductive material. In addition, a precipitant may also be injected into the first electroactive layer material 491 and the second electroactive layer material 492, and a hardener may also be injected into the first electroactive layer material 491 and the second electroactive layer material 492.
在本文中,導電材料包括在第一電活性層材料491和第二電活性層材料492中獨立地具有導電性的材料。另外,導電材料可以包括通過與沉澱劑的化學反應而具有導電性的材料。換句話說,導電材料包括本身具有導電性的材料以及本身沒有導電性但是通過與沉澱劑起反應而具有導電性的材料這二者。例如,導電材料可以是金屬粉末、碳奈米管(CNT)、銀-奈米線(Ag-NW)或導電聚合物。Herein, the electrically conductive material includes a material that independently has electrical conductivity in the first electroactive layer material 491 and the second electroactive layer material 492. In addition, the electrically conductive material may include a material that is electrically conductive by a chemical reaction with a precipitating agent. In other words, the electrically conductive material includes both a material that is inherently electrically conductive and a material that is not electrically conductive but that is electrically conductive by reacting with the precipitating agent. For example, the electrically conductive material may be a metal powder, a carbon nanotube (CNT), a silver-nanowire (Ag-NW) or a conductive polymer.
在本文中,沉澱劑是在化學上與導電材料起反應以使導電材料沉澱的材料。因此,可以通過引起與導電材料的沉澱反應來將沉澱劑轉換成導電沉澱物。例如,沉澱劑可以是汙水處理廠中使用的沉澱劑。As used herein, a precipitant is a material that chemically reacts with a conductive material to precipitate a conductive material. Therefore, the precipitant can be converted into a conductive precipitate by causing a precipitation reaction with the conductive material. For example, the precipitant can be a precipitant used in a sewage treatment plant.
在本文中,硬化劑是使處於具有流動性的液態或半液態的第一電活性層材料491和第二電活性層材料492硬化成固態的材料。將參照圖4B稍後描述硬化劑的功能。Herein, the hardener is a material that hardens the first electroactive layer material 491 and the second electroactive layer material 492 in a liquid or semi-liquid state having fluidity into a solid state. The function of the hardener will be described later with reference to FIG. 4B.
此後,導電材料被沉澱以形成第一電活性層和第二電活性層(S32)。在本文中,電極是在導電材料向下沉澱在電活性層中並且使第一電活性層材料491和第二電活性層材料492硬化的同時形成的。換句話說,在形成電活性層的製程中,可以同時執行使導電材料向下沉澱在電活性層中的製程和使電活性層硬化的製程。然而,當以高速度使電活性層硬化時,可以降低電活性層中的經注入的導電材料中的經沉澱的導電材料的比率。因此,當電活性層的硬化速度較高時,可以增加電活性層中的雜質濃度。Thereafter, the conductive material is precipitated to form a first electroactive layer and a second electroactive layer (S32). Herein, the electrode is formed while the conductive material is deposited downward in the electroactive layer and hardens the first electroactive layer material 491 and the second electroactive layer material 492. In other words, in the process of forming the electroactive layer, the process of depositing the conductive material down into the electroactive layer and the process of hardening the electroactive layer can be performed simultaneously. However, when the electroactive layer is hardened at a high speed, the ratio of the precipitated conductive material in the injected conductive material in the electroactive layer can be lowered. Therefore, when the hardening speed of the electroactive layer is high, the impurity concentration in the electroactive layer can be increased.
導電材料被沉澱在第一電活性層材料491中以形成第一電極121。具體地,導電材料可以通過沉降自然地沉澱在第一電活性層材料491中。在這種情況下,自然沉澱意味著導電材料通過重力沉降在具有流動性的第一電活性層材料491中。例如,當包括導電材料的第一電活性層材料491被留下達24小時或更長時間時,導電材料通過重力自然地沉澱。A conductive material is precipitated in the first electroactive layer material 491 to form the first electrode 121. Specifically, the conductive material may be naturally precipitated in the first electroactive layer material 491 by sedimentation. In this case, natural precipitation means that the conductive material settles by gravity in the first electroactive layer material 491 having fluidity. For example, when the first electroactive layer material 491 including a conductive material is left for 24 hours or longer, the conductive material is naturally precipitated by gravity.
另外,導電材料可以通過沉澱劑以化學方式沉澱在第一電活性層材料491中。在這種情況下,化學沉澱意味著導電材料通過與沉澱劑的化學反應而沉澱在具有流動性的第一電活性層材料491中。例如,導電材料可以通過與沉澱劑化學聯結而被改變為具有導電性的新化學沉澱物,並且該新化學沉澱物被設置在第一電活性層材料491下方。Additionally, the electrically conductive material may be chemically precipitated in the first electroactive layer material 491 by a precipitating agent. In this case, chemical precipitation means that the conductive material is precipitated in the first electroactive layer material 491 having fluidity by chemical reaction with the precipitating agent. For example, the electrically conductive material can be changed to a new chemical precipitate having electrical conductivity by chemically bonding with a precipitant, and the new chemical precipitate is disposed under the first electroactive layer material 491.
在使第一電活性層材料491硬化的同時,可以減小其流動性。具體地,可以使第一電活性層411自然地硬化。在這種情況下,自然硬化意味著在正常溫度下使第一電活性層材料491硬化。While the first electroactive layer material 491 is hardened, its fluidity can be reduced. Specifically, the first electroactive layer 411 can be naturally hardened. In this case, natural hardening means that the first electroactive layer material 491 is hardened at a normal temperature.
另外,可以通過硬化劑以化學方式使第一電活性層材料491硬化。在這種情況下,化學硬化意味著通過化學反應使第一電活性層材料491硬化,並且硬化速度可以根據硬化劑而變化。具體地,使第一電活性層材料491硬化的速度可以根據第一電活性層材料491和硬化劑的比率而變化。例如,當第一電活性層材料491和硬化劑的比率從10:1增加至10:3時,硬化速度被提高。In addition, the first electroactive layer material 491 can be chemically cured by a hardener. In this case, chemical hardening means that the first electroactive layer material 491 is hardened by a chemical reaction, and the hardening speed may vary depending on the hardener. Specifically, the speed at which the first electroactive layer material 491 is hardened may vary depending on the ratio of the first electroactive layer material 491 and the hardener. For example, when the ratio of the first electroactive layer material 491 and the hardener is increased from 10:1 to 10:3, the hardening speed is increased.
另外,可以通過熱使第一電活性層材料491硬化。具體地,可以在比正常溫度高的溫度(例如,90°C)下使第一電活性層材料491硬化。因此,當通過熱使第一電活性層材料491硬化時,可以按照比自然硬化的速度高的速度使第一電活性層材料491硬化。In addition, the first electroactive layer material 491 can be hardened by heat. Specifically, the first electroactive layer material 491 can be hardened at a temperature higher than a normal temperature (for example, 90 ° C). Therefore, when the first electroactive layer material 491 is hardened by heat, the first electroactive layer material 491 can be hardened at a speed higher than the rate of natural hardening.
另外,可以通過光使第一電活性層材料491硬化。具體地,可以通過例如紫外線(UV)使第一電活性層材料491硬化。因此,當通過光使第一電活性層材料491硬化時,可以按照比自然硬化的速度高的速度使第一電活性層材料491硬化。In addition, the first electroactive layer material 491 can be hardened by light. Specifically, the first electroactive layer material 491 can be hardened by, for example, ultraviolet rays (UV). Therefore, when the first electroactive layer material 491 is hardened by light, the first electroactive layer material 491 can be hardened at a speed higher than the rate of natural hardening.
在這種熱硬化和光硬化中,可以使用與化學硬化的硬化劑不同的硬化劑,第一電活性層材料491和硬化劑的比率可以與化學硬化的比率不同。In such thermosetting and photohardening, a hardener different from the chemically hardener may be used, and the ratio of the first electroactive layer material 491 to the hardener may be different from the ratio of chemical hardening.
因此,第一電活性層材料491的流動性通過自然硬化、化學硬化、熱硬化和光硬化而迅速地減小,導電材料通過自然沉澱和化學沉澱而迅速地沉澱,並且第一電極121從而形成在第一電活性層411中。在這種情況下,當硬化速度被提高時,第一電活性層材料491迅速地硬化,並且第一電極121在導電材料、沉澱劑和硬化劑中的全部被沉澱之前形成在第一電活性層411中。因此,第一電活性層411中的包括導電材料、沉澱劑和硬化劑的雜質的濃度增加。隨著雜質的濃度增加,還可以略微地增加第一電活性層411的介電常數。當使第一電活性層411硬化時,第一電活性層411處於能夠被結合至另一電活性層的狀態。Therefore, the fluidity of the first electroactive layer material 491 is rapidly reduced by natural hardening, chemical hardening, thermal hardening, and photohardening, the conductive material is rapidly precipitated by natural precipitation and chemical precipitation, and the first electrode 121 is thus formed In the first electroactive layer 411. In this case, when the hardening speed is increased, the first electroactive layer material 491 is rapidly hardened, and the first electrode 121 is formed at the first electric activity before all of the conductive material, the precipitant, and the hardener are precipitated. In layer 411. Therefore, the concentration of impurities including the conductive material, the precipitant, and the hardener in the first electroactive layer 411 is increased. As the concentration of the impurities increases, the dielectric constant of the first electroactive layer 411 can also be slightly increased. When the first electroactive layer 411 is hardened, the first electroactive layer 411 is in a state capable of being bonded to another electroactive layer.
第二電極122通過與將第一電極121形成在第一電活性層411的下部處的製程相同的製程而形成在第二電活性層412的下部處。然而,將第二電極122形成在第二電活性層412的下部處的製程以及將第一電極121形成在第一電活性層411的下部處的製程可以在新化學沉澱物的具體的自然沉澱和自然硬化時間或構造和比率等方面具有差異。換句話說,可以在同一製程中形成第一電極121和第二電極122,但是形成第一電極121和第二電極122的製程中的詳細製程條件可以是不同的。The second electrode 122 is formed at a lower portion of the second electroactive layer 412 by the same process as the process of forming the first electrode 121 at the lower portion of the first electroactive layer 411. However, the process of forming the second electrode 122 at the lower portion of the second electroactive layer 412 and the process of forming the first electrode 121 at the lower portion of the first electroactive layer 411 may be a specific natural precipitation of the new chemical precipitate. It differs from natural hardening time or structure and ratio. In other words, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may be formed in the same process, but the detailed process conditions in the process of forming the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 may be different.
此後,第一電活性層和第二電活性層彼此結合(S33)。Thereafter, the first electroactive layer and the second electroactive layer are bonded to each other (S33).
參照圖4C,第一電活性層411和第二電活性層412彼此結合。具體地,可以在第二電活性層412被顛倒並被設置在第一電活性層411上使得圖4B中的第二電活性層412的上表面與第一電活性層411的上表面接觸之後執行結合製程。在這種情況下,第一電活性層411和第二電活性層412可以通過熱彼此結合。具體地,在第一電活性層411的上表面和第二電活性層412的上表面被設置為彼此接觸之後,從被加熱的第一電活性層411的下部以及第二電活性層412的上部施加壓力。例如,大約40 MPa的壓力被施加到第一電活性層411和第二電活性層412,並且在150°C至200°C下將第一電活性層411和第二電活性層412加熱,從而使它們完全結合。Referring to FIG. 4C, the first electroactive layer 411 and the second electroactive layer 412 are bonded to each other. Specifically, after the second electroactive layer 412 is inverted and disposed on the first electroactive layer 411 such that the upper surface of the second electroactive layer 412 in FIG. 4B is in contact with the upper surface of the first electroactive layer 411, Perform a combined process. In this case, the first electroactive layer 411 and the second electroactive layer 412 may be bonded to each other by heat. Specifically, after the upper surface of the first electroactive layer 411 and the upper surface of the second electroactive layer 412 are disposed in contact with each other, from the lower portion of the heated first electroactive layer 411 and the second electroactive layer 412 Apply pressure to the upper part. For example, a pressure of about 40 MPa is applied to the first electroactive layer 411 and the second electroactive layer 412, and the first electroactive layer 411 and the second electroactive layer 412 are heated at 150 ° C to 200 ° C, So that they are fully integrated.
具體地,介面通過施加到第一電活性層411和第二電活性層412的熱和壓力而在第一電活性層411的上表面與第二電活性層412的上表面之間消失,進而可以形成一個電活性層110。因此,形成了在一個電活性層110中第一電極121被設置在下部處並且第二電極122被設置在上部處的可變形裝置100。Specifically, the interface disappears between the upper surface of the first electroactive layer 411 and the upper surface of the second electroactive layer 412 by heat and pressure applied to the first electroactive layer 411 and the second electroactive layer 412, thereby further An electroactive layer 110 can be formed. Thus, the deformable device 100 in which the first electrode 121 is disposed at the lower portion and the second electrode 122 is disposed at the upper portion in one electroactive layer 110 is formed.
此外,可以去除電活性層110的一部分以將第一電極121和第二電極122連接至外部電源。具體地,可以去除形成在第一電極121下方或在其側面上的電活性層的一部分或形成在第二電極122上或在其側面上的電活性層110的一部分。在這種情況下,可以通過矽蝕刻劑來去除電活性層110的所述部分。電線可以通過電活性層110的經去除的部分連接為與第一電極121或第二電極122接觸,並且通過連接至第一電極121或第二電極122的電線來向可變形裝置100供應電力。Further, a portion of the electroactive layer 110 may be removed to connect the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 to an external power source. Specifically, a portion of the electroactive layer formed under the first electrode 121 or on the side thereof or a portion of the electroactive layer 110 formed on the side of the second electrode 122 or on the side thereof may be removed. In this case, the portion of the electroactive layer 110 can be removed by a ruthenium etchant. The electric wire may be connected to be in contact with the first electrode 121 or the second electrode 122 through the removed portion of the electroactive layer 110, and supply electric power to the deformable device 100 through a wire connected to the first electrode 121 or the second electrode 122.
在製造根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的方法中,導電材料被沉澱在電活性層中以容易地形成電極。具體地,導電材料被沉澱在電活性層中以形成軟電極。換句話說,用於將電極形成在電活性層的上部或下部處的諸如濺射設備的昂貴的獨立設備不是必需的,並且能夠僅通過基於重力的自然沉澱和基於沉澱劑的化學沉澱簡單且容易地形成包括電極的大量電活性層。In the method of manufacturing the deformable device according to the embodiment of the present invention, a conductive material is precipitated in the electroactive layer to easily form an electrode. Specifically, a conductive material is precipitated in the electroactive layer to form a soft electrode. In other words, an expensive stand-alone device such as a sputtering device for forming an electrode at the upper or lower portion of the electroactive layer is not necessary, and can be simple only by gravity-based natural precipitation and precipitant-based chemical precipitation and A large number of electroactive layers including electrodes are easily formed.
另外,在製造根據本發明的另一實施方式的可變形裝置的方法中,在沒有任何黏合劑的情況下,其中設置有電極的多個電活性層被加熱和加壓以容易地形成可變形裝置100。具體地,因為電極被設置在電活性層中,所以電極未被設置在多個電活性層外部。因此,用於在電活性層與電極之間並且在這些電極之間黏合的黏合劑不是必需的,並且能夠通過對電活性層施加熱和壓力來容易地形成可變形裝置100。Further, in the method of manufacturing a deformable device according to another embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of electroactive layers in which electrodes are provided are heated and pressurized to easily form a deformable without any adhesive Device 100. Specifically, since the electrodes are disposed in the electroactive layer, the electrodes are not disposed outside the plurality of electroactive layers. Therefore, an adhesive for bonding between the electroactive layer and the electrodes and between the electrodes is not necessary, and the deformable device 100 can be easily formed by applying heat and pressure to the electroactive layer.
圖5為根據本發明的另一實施方式的可變形裝置的示意剖視圖。在圖5所例示的可變形裝置500中,與圖1所例示的可變形裝置100相比僅第二電極522的位置改變,其他構造基本上相同,並且不重複重疊的描述。Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a deformable device in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. In the deformable device 500 illustrated in FIG. 5, only the position of the second electrode 522 is changed as compared with the deformable device 100 illustrated in FIG. 1, the other configurations are substantially the same, and the overlapping description is not repeated.
參照圖5,第一電極521和第二電極522被設置在電活性層110中。具體地,第一電極521被設置在電活性層的下部處,第二電極522被設置為靠近電活性層110的中心。例如,可以將第二電極522設置在比電活性層110的中心高的一部分處。換句話說,第二電活性層412的下表面被設置為在無需使第二電活性層412顛倒以使得圖4B中的第二電活性層412的上表面與第一電活性層411的上表面接觸的情況下與第一電活性層411的上表面接觸。因此,第一電極521與第二電極522之間的距離d4小於圖2A所例示的可變形裝置100中的第一電極121與第二電極122之間的距離d3。因此,與第二電極522被設置在電活性層110的上部處的情況相比,第一電極521與第二電極522之間的距離減小。隨著第一電極521與第二電極522之間的距離減小,施加到電活性層110的麥克斯韋應力的大小增加。Referring to FIG. 5, a first electrode 521 and a second electrode 522 are disposed in the electroactive layer 110. Specifically, the first electrode 521 is disposed at a lower portion of the electroactive layer, and the second electrode 522 is disposed near a center of the electroactive layer 110. For example, the second electrode 522 may be disposed at a portion higher than the center of the electroactive layer 110. In other words, the lower surface of the second electroactive layer 412 is disposed such that the second electroactive layer 412 need not be reversed such that the upper surface of the second electroactive layer 412 in FIG. 4B is on the upper surface of the first electroactive layer 411. In the case of surface contact, it is in contact with the upper surface of the first electroactive layer 411. Therefore, the distance d4 between the first electrode 521 and the second electrode 522 is smaller than the distance d3 between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 in the deformable device 100 illustrated in FIG. 2A. Therefore, the distance between the first electrode 521 and the second electrode 522 is reduced as compared with the case where the second electrode 522 is disposed at the upper portion of the electroactive layer 110. As the distance between the first electrode 521 and the second electrode 522 decreases, the magnitude of the Maxwell stress applied to the electroactive layer 110 increases.
在根據本發明的另一實施方式的可變形裝置500中,在第一電極521與第二電極522之間麥克斯韋應力的大小增加。具體地,第一電極521在電活性層110中被設置電活性層110的下部處,並且第二電極522被設置在比作為圖2A所例示的可變形裝置100的厚度d的一半的中間部分高的一部分處。在這種情況下,第一電極521與第二電極522之間的距離d4小於圖2A所例示的可變形裝置100中的第一電極121與第二電極122之間的距離d3。因此,形成在第一電極521與第二電極522之間的電活性層的厚度d4減小,形成在第一電極521與第二電極522之間的電活性層的有效電場的大小增加,並且還可以增加麥克斯韋應力的大小。In the deformable device 500 according to another embodiment of the present invention, the magnitude of the Maxwell stress increases between the first electrode 521 and the second electrode 522. Specifically, the first electrode 521 is disposed at a lower portion of the electroactive layer 110 in the electroactive layer 110, and the second electrode 522 is disposed at an intermediate portion than a half of the thickness d of the deformable device 100 illustrated as FIG. 2A Part of the high. In this case, the distance d4 between the first electrode 521 and the second electrode 522 is smaller than the distance d3 between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 122 in the deformable device 100 illustrated in FIG. 2A. Therefore, the thickness d4 of the electroactive layer formed between the first electrode 521 and the second electrode 522 is decreased, and the magnitude of the effective electric field of the electroactive layer formed between the first electrode 521 and the second electrode 522 is increased, and It is also possible to increase the magnitude of Maxwell's stress.
圖6為包括根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的顯示裝置的示意分解立體圖。參照圖6,顯示裝置600包括上蓋610、觸控面板620、顯示面板630、可變形裝置640和下蓋650。諸如“向上”、“向下”、“位於...上”、“上”、“下”等的術語指代使用中的在下蓋610從相反側覆蓋顯示裝置的同時能夠從上側(即,從上蓋610側)觀看顯示面板的顯示裝置600的通常定向。注意,這個術語不應該將本發明限於顯示裝置600的任何定向,而是用來澄清顯示裝置600的不同元件相對於彼此的佈置。FIG. 6 is a schematic exploded perspective view of a display device including a deformable device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 6, the display device 600 includes an upper cover 610, a touch panel 620, a display panel 630, a deformable device 640, and a lower cover 650. Terms such as "upward", "downward", "on", "upper", "lower" and the like refer to the upper side (ie, when the lower cover 610 covers the display device from the opposite side while in use) (ie, The general orientation of the display device 600 of the display panel is viewed from the side of the upper cover 610). Note that this term should not limit the invention to any orientation of the display device 600, but rather to clarify the arrangement of the different elements of the display device 600 relative to one another.
上蓋610被設置在觸控面板620上,以覆蓋觸控面板620、顯示面板630和可變形裝置640的上部。上蓋610保護顯示裝置600中的內部構造不受外部衝擊、異物和濕氣的影響。例如,上蓋610可以由諸如塑膠的能夠通過熱形成並具有令人滿意的可成形性的材料製成,但不限於此。另外,上蓋610可以由可隨著可變形裝置640的形狀變化而變形的材料製成。例如,上蓋610可以由具有可撓性的諸如塑膠的材料製成,但不限於此。The upper cover 610 is disposed on the touch panel 620 to cover the upper portions of the touch panel 620, the display panel 630, and the deformable device 640. The upper cover 610 protects the internal structure in the display device 600 from external impact, foreign matter, and moisture. For example, the upper cover 610 may be made of a material such as plastic that can be formed by heat and has satisfactory formability, but is not limited thereto. In addition, the upper cover 610 may be made of a material that is deformable as the shape of the deformable device 640 is changed. For example, the upper cover 610 may be made of a material such as plastic having flexibility, but is not limited thereto.
觸控面板620被設置在可變形裝置100上。觸控面板620意指感測用戶對顯示裝置600的觸摸輸入的面板。例如,可以將靜電電容方式、電阻膜方式、超音波方式、紅外線方式等用作觸控面板620,但是優選地,可以將靜電電容方式的觸控面板620用作觸控面板620。The touch panel 620 is disposed on the deformable device 100. The touch panel 620 means a panel that senses a user's touch input to the display device 600. For example, a capacitive method, a resistive film method, an ultrasonic method, an infrared method, or the like can be used as the touch panel 620, but preferably, the capacitive touch panel 620 can be used as the touch panel 620.
儘管圖6未例示,但是黏合層可以用來將顯示面板630、可變形裝置640、觸控面板620和上蓋610彼此黏合。例如,黏合層可以是OCA(光學透明黏合劑)或OCR(光學透明樹脂),但不限於此。Although not illustrated in FIG. 6, the adhesive layer may be used to bond the display panel 630, the deformable device 640, the touch panel 620, and the upper cover 610 to each other. For example, the adhesive layer may be OCA (Optical Clear Adhesive) or OCR (Optical Transparent Resin), but is not limited thereto.
顯示面板630意指設置有用於在顯示裝置600中顯示影像的顯示元素的面板。例如,顯示面板630可以是諸如有機發光顯示面板、液晶顯示面板和電泳顯示面板的各種顯示面板。在這種情況下,顯示面板630可以是有機發光顯示裝置。因為被設置在顯示面板630下方的可變形裝置640可以利用可撓性來變形,所以有機發光顯示裝置可以被構造為也利用可撓性來變形。換句話說,有機發光顯示裝置是具有可撓性的有機發光顯示裝置,並且包括可撓性基板。可撓性有機發光顯示裝置可通過從外部施加的力在各種方向上並按照各種角度變形。在下文中,為了方便描述,假定顯示面板630由可撓性有機發光顯示裝置構造。The display panel 630 means a panel provided with display elements for displaying an image in the display device 600. For example, the display panel 630 may be various display panels such as an organic light emitting display panel, a liquid crystal display panel, and an electrophoretic display panel. In this case, the display panel 630 may be an organic light emitting display device. Since the deformable device 640 disposed under the display panel 630 can be deformed using flexibility, the organic light emitting display device can be configured to also be deformed using flexibility. In other words, the organic light emitting display device is a flexible organic light emitting display device and includes a flexible substrate. The flexible organic light-emitting display device can be deformed in various directions and at various angles by a force applied from the outside. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it is assumed that the display panel 630 is constructed of a flexible organic light emitting display device.
可變形裝置640被設置在顯示面板630下方。具體地,可變形裝置640被設置在顯示面板630下方。可以將可變形裝置640設置為與顯示面板630的下表面直接接觸,並且還可以在顯示面板630的下表面與可變形裝置640的上表面之間設置黏合層。在這種情況下,可變形裝置640可以是圖1和圖2A所例示的可變形裝置100以及圖5所例示的可變形裝置500中的一個。The deformable device 640 is disposed below the display panel 630. Specifically, the deformable device 640 is disposed below the display panel 630. The deformable device 640 may be disposed in direct contact with the lower surface of the display panel 630, and an adhesive layer may also be disposed between the lower surface of the display panel 630 and the upper surface of the deformable device 640. In this case, the deformable device 640 may be one of the deformable device 100 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2A and the deformable device 500 illustrated in FIG. 5.
另外,可變形裝置640可以電連接至顯示面板630。例如,被設置在顯示面板630中的FPCB(可撓式印刷電路板)和可變形裝置640的電極可以通過佈線彼此電連接。下蓋650被設置在可變形裝置640下方,以覆蓋觸控面板620、顯示面板630和可變形裝置640的下部。下蓋650可以由與上蓋610的材料相同的材料製成。具體地,下蓋650還可以由要可與可通過可變形裝置640按照各種形狀變形的觸控面板620和顯示面板630一起變形的可撓性材料製成。例如,下蓋650可以由具有可撓性的諸如塑膠的材料製成,但不限於此。Additionally, the deformable device 640 can be electrically coupled to the display panel 630. For example, the FPCB (Flexible Printed Circuit Board) and the electrodes of the deformable device 640 disposed in the display panel 630 may be electrically connected to each other by wiring. The lower cover 650 is disposed under the deformable device 640 to cover the lower portions of the touch panel 620, the display panel 630, and the deformable device 640. The lower cover 650 may be made of the same material as that of the upper cover 610. Specifically, the lower cover 650 may also be made of a flexible material that is to be deformable together with the touch panel 620 and the display panel 630 that are deformable in various shapes by the deformable device 640. For example, the lower cover 650 may be made of a material such as plastic having flexibility, but is not limited thereto.
當對可變形裝置640施加電壓時,可變形裝置640變形。因此,結合至可變形裝置640的觸控面板620和顯示面板630還根據可變形裝置640的變形而變形,並且顯示裝置600也變形。When a voltage is applied to the deformable device 640, the deformable device 640 is deformed. Therefore, the touch panel 620 and the display panel 630 coupled to the deformable device 640 are also deformed according to the deformation of the deformable device 640, and the display device 600 is also deformed.
在根據本發明的實施方式的顯示裝置600中,觸控面板620、顯示面板630和可變形裝置640被集成為一體,並且能夠通過可變形裝置640按照各種形狀使顯示裝置640變形。具體地,當對可變形裝置640施加電壓時,可變形裝置640變形。因此,觸控面板620和顯示面板630也根據可變形裝置640的變形的形狀而一起變形。換句話說,整個顯示裝置600可以變形,並且以下將參照圖7描述顯示裝置600的基於可變形裝置640之變形的變形形狀。In the display device 600 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the touch panel 620, the display panel 630, and the deformable device 640 are integrated, and the display device 640 can be deformed in various shapes by the deformable device 640. Specifically, when a voltage is applied to the deformable device 640, the deformable device 640 is deformed. Therefore, the touch panel 620 and the display panel 630 are also deformed together according to the deformed shape of the deformable device 640. In other words, the entire display device 600 can be deformed, and a deformed shape of the display device 600 based on the deformation of the deformable device 640 will be described below with reference to FIG.
圖7是例示包括根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的顯示裝置的各種變形形狀的示例性狀態圖。在圖7中,為了方便描述,假定顯示裝置700是智慧型電話。FIG. 7 is an exemplary state diagram illustrating various modified shapes of a display device including a deformable device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 7, for convenience of description, it is assumed that the display device 700 is a smart phone.
參照圖7,顯示裝置700的一部分能夠向上或向下彎曲。具體地,在顯示裝置700中,可變形裝置被固定在顯示幕710下方,並且通過操作可變形裝置來使可變形裝置和顯示裝置700的全體變形。換句話說,顯示裝置700的一部分可以根據可變形裝置的一部分向上或向下的彎曲而向上或向下彎曲。在本文中,當可變形裝置的一部分以預定週期向上或向下彎曲時,顯示裝置700的一部分也可以向上或向下彎曲。另外,當可變形裝置的一部分向上或向下彎曲的狀態被保持時,可以保持顯示裝置700的一部分向上或向下彎曲的狀態。Referring to Figure 7, a portion of the display device 700 can be bent up or down. Specifically, in the display device 700, the deformable device is fixed under the display screen 710, and the entire deformable device and the display device 700 are deformed by operating the deformable device. In other words, a portion of the display device 700 can be bent upward or downward depending on the upward or downward bending of a portion of the deformable device. Herein, when a portion of the deformable device is bent upward or downward at a predetermined period, a portion of the display device 700 may also be bent upward or downward. In addition, when a state in which a part of the deformable device is bent upward or downward is maintained, a state in which a part of the display device 700 is bent upward or downward may be maintained.
例如,顯示裝置700的一部分可以通過與用戶輸入給顯示裝置700的觸摸輸入對應的輸出而向上或向下彎曲。換句話說,當顯示裝置700接收到消息或者語音呼叫正傳入到顯示裝置700時,顯示裝置700的一部分可以向上或向下彎曲作為與此對應的輸出。For example, a portion of the display device 700 may be bent up or down by an output corresponding to a touch input that the user inputs to the display device 700. In other words, when the display device 700 receives a message or a voice call is being transmitted to the display device 700, a portion of the display device 700 can be bent up or down as an output corresponding thereto.
在顯示裝置700中,可以通過顯示裝置700不同地設定彎曲部分、彎曲方向、彎曲時間、在彎曲方向上變化的週期等。換句話說,顯示裝置700的形狀通過可變形裝置的變化可以由用戶不同地設定,並且不限於以上所描述的形狀的示例性變化。In the display device 700, the curved portion, the bending direction, the bending time, the period of the change in the bending direction, and the like can be set differently by the display device 700. In other words, the shape of the display device 700 can be set differently by the user through variations of the deformable device, and is not limited to the exemplary variations of the shapes described above.
在包括根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的顯示裝置700中,可變形裝置根據各種輸入來不同地變形。具體地,可以針對施加到顯示裝置700的各個輸入來不同地設定變形部分、變形方向、變形的持續時間、在變形方向上變化的週期等。因此,顯示裝置700通過可變形裝置按照各種形狀變形,並且可以為用戶提供各種類型的輸出。In the display device 700 including the deformable device according to the embodiment of the present invention, the deformable device is deformed differently according to various inputs. Specifically, the deformed portion, the deformation direction, the duration of the deformation, the period of the change in the deformation direction, and the like can be differently set for the respective inputs applied to the display device 700. Therefore, the display device 700 is deformed in various shapes by the deformable device, and various types of outputs can be provided to the user.
圖8是包括根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的電子報紙的示例性圖。參照圖8,電子報紙800包括顯示面板810以及結合至顯示面板810的下部的可變形裝置。8 is an exemplary diagram of an electronic newspaper including a deformable device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 8, the electronic newspaper 800 includes a display panel 810 and a deformable device coupled to a lower portion of the display panel 810.
在包括根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的電子報紙800中,可以通過可變形裝置來提供與閱讀由紙製成的實際報紙類似的感覺。當通過電子報紙800的顯示面板810輸入了翻頁的信號時,可以使在輸入有該信號的一部分處的可變形裝置變形。因此,電子報紙800的一部分在可變形裝置變形的同時暫時彎曲,並且可以像由紙製成的報紙一樣提供翻頁的感覺。In an electronic newspaper 800 including a deformable device according to an embodiment of the present invention, a feeling similar to reading an actual newspaper made of paper can be provided by a deformable device. When a page turning signal is input through the display panel 810 of the electronic newspaper 800, the deformable device at a portion where the signal is input can be deformed. Therefore, a part of the electronic newspaper 800 is temporarily bent while the deformable device is deformed, and the feeling of turning the page can be provided like a newspaper made of paper.
另外,當新文章被上傳並顯示在包括根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的電子報紙800上時,電子報紙800的一部分變形以提供該文章被上傳的事實。例如,當上傳了具有新標題的文章時,在文章上傳的部分處的可變形裝置變形,以立即顯示該文章被上傳的事實。In addition, when a new article is uploaded and displayed on the electronic newspaper 800 including the deformable device according to the embodiment of the present invention, a portion of the electronic newspaper 800 is deformed to provide the fact that the article is uploaded. For example, when an article with a new title is uploaded, the deformable device at the portion of the article upload is deformed to immediately display the fact that the article was uploaded.
圖9是例示包括根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的手錶的示例性圖。參照圖9,手錶900包括顯示面板910以及結合至顯示面板910的下部的可變形裝置。為了方便描述,假定手錶900是智慧手錶。FIG. 9 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a wristwatch including a deformable device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 9, the watch 900 includes a display panel 910 and a deformable device coupled to a lower portion of the display panel 910. For convenience of description, it is assumed that the watch 900 is a smart watch.
在包括根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的手錶900中,可以通過可變形裝置來具體實現手錶900的各種功能。通常的時間資訊是通過手錶900的顯示面板910來顯示的。另外,可以通過手錶900的顯示面板910來顯示天氣、新聞等。而且,手錶900可以包括簡單的呼叫功能,並且可以確定穿戴手錶900的用戶的心率。在本文中,為了讓用戶時刻知道或知道指定的鬧鐘時間,手錶900中的可變形裝置可以收縮。因此,可以通過收緊用戶的腕部來提供時間資訊。另外,即使當顯示了新的天氣資訊或新聞時,手錶900中的可變形裝置可以收縮,並且當接收到電話呼叫時,突起部可以形成在手錶900的顯示面板910的一部分處,由此提供資訊。另外,當通過手錶900的一部分測量到的用戶的心率處於風險水準時,手錶900中的可變形裝置可以收縮或者在形狀上改變,以向用戶提供警告。In the wristwatch 900 including the deformable device according to an embodiment of the present invention, various functions of the watch 900 can be embodied by a deformable device. The usual time information is displayed through the display panel 910 of the watch 900. In addition, weather, news, and the like can be displayed through the display panel 910 of the watch 900. Moreover, the watch 900 can include a simple call function and can determine the heart rate of the user wearing the watch 900. In this context, the deformable device in the watch 900 can be retracted in order for the user to know or know the specified alarm time at all times. Therefore, time information can be provided by tightening the user's wrist. In addition, the deformable device in the watch 900 can be contracted even when new weather information or news is displayed, and when a telephone call is received, a protrusion can be formed at a portion of the display panel 910 of the watch 900, thereby providing News. Additionally, when the user's heart rate measured by a portion of the watch 900 is at a risk level, the deformable device in the watch 900 can be contracted or changed in shape to provide a warning to the user.
圖10是例示包括根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的窗簾的示例性圖。參照圖10,窗簾1000包括顯示面板1010以及結合至顯示面板1010的下部的可變形裝置。FIG. 10 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a window covering including a deformable device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 10, the window covering 1000 includes a display panel 1010 and a deformable device coupled to a lower portion of the display panel 1010.
在包括根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的窗簾1000中,可以通過可變形裝置按照各種方式表示關於外部環境的資訊。具體地,可以通過顯示面板1010在預定畫面上顯示外部天氣,並且可以改變窗簾1000的形式以表示特定天氣的狀態。例如,在多雲和有風天氣的情況下,可以通過窗簾1000的顯示面板1010來顯示雲,窗簾1000的一部分可以彎曲,並且彎曲部分的區域可以通過可變形裝置根據風的方向和風的速度而變化。換句話說,可以通過窗簾1000的彎曲方向來表示實際的窗簾根據風的方向彎曲或搖晃的方向,並且窗簾1000的彎曲部分的區域可以隨著風變強而增加。此外,當通過玻璃窗戶輸入的光的強度低於預定強度時,窗簾1000可以自動地卷起或者可以左右折疊。In the window covering 1000 including the deformable device according to the embodiment of the present invention, information about the external environment can be expressed in various ways by the deformable device. Specifically, the external weather may be displayed on the predetermined screen through the display panel 1010, and the form of the window covering 1000 may be changed to indicate the state of the specific weather. For example, in the case of cloudy and windy weather, the cloud may be displayed through the display panel 1010 of the window covering 1000, a portion of the window covering 1000 may be curved, and the area of the curved portion may be varied by the deformable device according to the direction of the wind and the speed of the wind. . In other words, the direction in which the actual curtain is bent or shaken according to the direction of the wind can be expressed by the bending direction of the curtain 1000, and the area of the curved portion of the window covering 1000 can be increased as the wind becomes stronger. Further, when the intensity of light input through the glass window is lower than a predetermined intensity, the window covering 1000 may be automatically rolled up or folded left and right.
已經參照附圖更詳細地描述了本發明的實施方式,但是本發明不必限於這些實施方式,並且可以在不偏離本發明的技術精神的範圍內被不同地修改。因此,本發明所描述的實施方式將不限制本發明的技術精神而是將對它進行說明,並且本發明的技術精神的範圍不受這些實施方式約束。應該通過以下申請專利範圍來理解本發明的保護範圍,並且應該理解,等效範圍內的所有技術精神被包括在本發明的權利範圍中。The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not limited thereto, and may be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the technical spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments. The scope of the present invention should be understood by the following claims, and all technical spirits within the equivalent scope are included in the scope of the invention.
100、500、640‧‧‧可變形裝置
110‧‧‧電活性層
121、521‧‧‧第一電極
122、522‧‧‧第二電極
411‧‧‧第一電活性層
412‧‧‧第二電活性層
491‧‧‧第一電活性層材料
492‧‧‧第二電活性層材料
600、700‧‧‧顯示裝置
610‧‧‧上蓋
620‧‧‧觸控面板
630、810、910、1010‧‧‧顯示面板
650‧‧‧下蓋
710‧‧‧顯示幕
800‧‧‧電子報紙
900‧‧‧手錶
1000‧‧‧窗簾100, 500, 640‧‧‧ deformable devices
110‧‧‧Electrical active layer
121, 521‧‧‧ first electrode
122, 522‧‧‧ second electrode
411‧‧‧First electroactive layer
412‧‧‧Second electroactive layer
491‧‧‧First electroactive layer material
492‧‧‧Second electroactive layer material
600, 700‧‧‧ display devices
610‧‧‧上盖
620‧‧‧ touch panel
630, 810, 910, 1010‧‧‧ display panels
650‧‧‧Under the cover
710‧‧‧ display screen
800‧‧‧Electronic newspaper
900‧‧‧ watches
1000‧‧‧ curtains
圖1為本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的示意立體圖。 圖2A、圖2B和圖2C是根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的示意剖視圖以及相對於電活性層的高度的導電材料的濃度的曲線圖。 圖3為製造根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的方法的流程圖。 圖4A、圖4B、圖4C和圖4D為製造根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的方法的製程的立體圖。 圖5為根據本發明的另一實施方式的可變形裝置的示意剖視圖。 圖6為包括根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的顯示裝置的分解立體圖。 圖7為包括根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的顯示裝置的各種變形的示例性狀態圖。 圖8為包括根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的電子報紙的示例性圖。 圖9為包括根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的手錶的示例性圖。 圖10為包括根據本發明的實施方式的可變形裝置的窗簾的示例性圖。Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a deformable device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2A, 2B, and 2C are schematic cross-sectional views of a deformable device and a concentration of conductive material relative to the height of the electroactive layer, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a flow chart of a method of making a deformable device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D are perspective views of a process of fabricating a method of deformable device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a deformable device in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. 6 is an exploded perspective view of a display device including a deformable device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 7 is an exemplary state diagram of various variations of a display device including a deformable device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 8 is an exemplary diagram of an electronic newspaper including a deformable device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 9 is an exemplary view of a wristwatch including a deformable device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is an exemplary view of a window covering including a deformable device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
100‧‧‧可變形裝置 100‧‧‧deformable device
110‧‧‧電活性層 110‧‧‧Electrical active layer
121‧‧‧第一電極 121‧‧‧First electrode
122‧‧‧第二電極 122‧‧‧second electrode
Claims (15)
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