TW201609359A - A method and apparatus for infusing additive manufactured objects and the like - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of infusing three dimensional printed, free-form fabricated, or additive manufactured objects; an apparatus for infusing three dimensional printed, free-form fabricated, or additive manufactured objects; and to objects infused by functional thermoplastic polymers. In the method the object is infused with a thermoplastics material introduced under controlled conditions of temperature and pressure, and the thermoplastics is caused to penetrate the object by immersing the object in the thermoplastics, controlling the frequency and amplitude of pressure oscillation to ensure sufficient infusion into the object to at least partially fill the pores or voids and bond particles or sheets of material from which the object is manufactured. In one embodiment the apparatus (100) facilitates this and comprises a) an infusion chamber (12), in which the object to be infused with a thermoplastics (110) is infused; b) a reservoir (14) which, in use, is filled with the thermoplastics; c) a curing chamber (16) for heating and curing the object; and d) a controller (18) for controlling the operative functions of the apparatus; the reservoir comprising a heating means (20) and sensors (22, 26, 28) such that the thermoplastics can be melted within defined parameters of temperature (T) and the controller enables the sequential steps of infusion and curing in the apparatus.

Description

Method and apparatus for impregnating laminate manufacturing objects and the like introduction

The present invention relates to a method of impregnating a three-dimensionally printed free-form or laminate-made object; a device for impregnating a three-dimensional print free-form or laminate-made object, and an object impregnated with a functional thermoplastic polymer.

background

Three-dimensional printing free-form manufacturing or laminated manufacturing of objects can be produced relatively simply using known methods, without limitation including particles (unrestricted such as gypsum or plastic) or layers (unrestricted such as paper, Deposition of plastic or fabric). However, the product/object formed will be porous, "soft", and susceptible to damage. Accordingly, it would be desirable to develop improved methods for strengthening or otherwise protecting such objects and/or providing them with quality finishes.

The way in which today's manufactured objects are strengthened/protected is based on the following general categories:

Soaking an object with an acrylic resin

Generally, this acrylic resin is a cyanoacrylate (due to its toxicity system) Unfavorable), and it is absorbed in the pores or pores of the object in the presence of water (especially hydroxide ions), rapidly polymerizing therein to form long strong chains which link and combine the particles and/or layers Together. However, because of the presence of moisture, the cyanoacrylate cures, and the moisture exposed to the air causes the cyanoacrylate container to deteriorate rapidly over time and become unusable. To avoid this, the cyanoacrylate needs to be stored in a hermetic container with a desiccant (such as cerium oxide gel) package.

Infiltrating the object with paraffin

Although waxes are safer to handle than cyanoacrylates and can be "remelted" to rework the object, the pores "shrink" and, therefore, generally provide an unsatisfactory surface treatment. Furthermore, their hydrophobic nature makes it difficult to surface treat wax impregnated objects.

Soaking a manufactured object with a curable resin

Like cyanoacrylates, curable resins, such as heat-cured or UV-cured resins, form a permanent surface treatment and cannot be reworked if the surface treatment is unsatisfactory. It is equal to the shrinkage of the pores and, due to its viscous nature, usually only saturates the outermost surface, meaning that the cured product lacks good structural integrity;

Soaking the object with two parts of resin

Typically, the two components are pre-mixed such that they "set" and are used to saturate the object when it is processable. Examples include: polyesters, epoxies, and polyacrylates. Disadvantages include that they are shaped in an irreversible manner, subject to poor quality surface treatment and mixing resulting in loss.

The disadvantages of these alternative impregnating materials and methods are Overcome with a thermoplastic polymer that will saturate the pores and pores in a molten state at a first defined temperature range and cure in a second temperature range (below the first one).

By using, for example, pressure, it will cause depth (and not just the outer surface) to saturate the pores and pores, resulting in less shrinkage and greater structural integrity, providing a better quality surface treatment. Depth system means that the pores can be penetrated by more than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% to 100%, depending on the thickness of the object. .

Furthermore, unlike cyanoacrylates, today's "gold standard" is safe to handle and does not suffer from premature failure. More notably, unlike cyanoacrylates and cured resins, if good surface treatment is not achieved for the first time, soaking with thermoplastic materials can be radically altered.

Particle mixtures containing three-dimensional (3d) prints containing absorbent fillers are known, and US 2005/0059757 provides a good overview of the general conditions of laminate manufacturing techniques. It describes a rapid prototyping technique comprising a selective laser sintering method and a liquid binder 3d printing method, both of which use a layering technique to construct a 3d object.

A selective laser sintering process can be found in reference to US Pat. No. 4,863,568, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

US20050059757 describes treating an "intermediate article" with an "impregnant" to define a substantially solid "final article" having about 20-70% by volume of the impregnant. The soaking is described in detail, and the liquid resin impregnating agent described includes heat, UV light and electron beam, mixing (two-part system), catalysis Agent and moisture (including the use of cyanoacrylate) curing.

It is also mentioned that a liquid impregnating agent can be used which can be solidified by cooling (and drying), and the wax is the main species of the indicated compound.

These are applied to an intermediate article by, for example, painting, spraying, dripping or soaking, and the intermediate article is placed in a furnace or otherwise cured.

This document additionally teaches that the powder component used to print the laminated manufactured object can comprise an activating fluid comprising a phase change material, including a thermoplastic material that will melt and solidify to bond the particles together.

Other indicated techniques include GB 2,283,966, which relates to pulp moldings made by applying pulp to a web. Laminate component manufacturing (LOM) is used to make a support for the web which is formed by bonding the sheets together. However, the low bond strength between the laminates can result in articles having improper structural rigidity. Thus, the resin can be used to impregnate LOM-generated articles that are designed to contain voids or discontinuities in the plastic "bonding layer" on adjacent laminates such that penetration can be achieved when saturated with a resin.

DE 19927923 discloses the treatment of porous sintered polystyrene modules by immersion in a warm impregnating material, preferably a low melting wax.

US 2003/0186042 discloses a selective laser-sintered (SLS) product in which pores are produced, this time by drilling, which are by means of pouring, injection, vacuum, extrusion Filling with fillers introduced, deposited, or otherwise introduced. A wide range of fillers are considered.

Contrary to the disclosure of this technique, the present invention utilizes: (i) a low-melting crystalline polymer, more particularly, a highly defined functional (determined by ring-opening addition polymerization) and a low-viscosity caprolactone which can penetrate and flow well from the surface of the article. Regeneration and quality surface treatment; and (ii) additionally impregnating the material under pressure and oscillating between typical and non-essential negative and positive pressures to force the thermoplastic material into the article.

Further, the impregnated article can be tempered and/or reduced in a curing chamber to ensure target crystallinity, thereby imparting improved properties to the impregnated product.

Other benefits of this method and impregnation apparatus will become apparent thereafter.

With regard to the impregnation apparatus, US 3,384,505 discloses a package for impregnating or impregnating a wound glass fiber. In fact, at least two independently operated devices are required. When a pre-dried article (from a furnace) is placed in a pressure vessel, a vacuum is applied therebetween to remove the air collected in the gap, and the liquid resin is Resin extraction is facilitated when supplied to a partially evacuated immersion container in which the dried article (a wound fiber material) is immersed in a liquid medium under pressure (containing a heat curable thermoset) Inside the resin, the article is then transferred to a furnace for curing.

JP 01-254741 discloses a device for making ceramic paper comprising a resin-filled immersion tank and a drying oven.

In contrast to the above described apparatus, the apparatus of the present invention is capable of controlling all operations in sequence in a single versatile apparatus. It can promote pretreatment (for example, drive off water or volatiles), impregnate to soak, and displace excess material by moving objects (via X, Y, and Z axes as needed) to displace the thermoplastic material; use a suction The introduction and/or blowing tool removes excess material from the article and then promotes curing, including tempering or annealing the thermoplastic. In fact, in certain modes of operation, immersion and curing under pressure can be performed using a single chamber.

In contrast to the art of this art, which is designed to handle a single item, such as a wrapped fiberglass wrap or sheet of paper, this device provides flexibility in handling unique and different objects.

The advantageous thermoplastic materials of the present invention are polycaprolactones, and the like, of course, are widely recognized as polyesters, for example, see US 2007/0111037 and US 5,977,203, and the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. produce.

A first object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of manufacturing a laminate by impregnating a three-dimensional print free form.

An additional and additional object is to identify functional polymers that are safer and more versatile for use with the method, and to provide stronger and/or better finished objects impregnated with such polymers.

An additional and independent object is to provide an improved apparatus for automatically impregnating three-dimensional printing free-form or laminate manufacturing objects.

Expose summary

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of infusion, infiltrating or impregnating three-dimensional printing free-form manufacturing or laminating an object for producing a material particle or sheet of the object a hole or a void therein or between, the method is characterized by a thermoplastic material introduced by the system under controlled temperature and pressure conditions Impregnating, and wherein the thermoplastic material penetrates the object by controlling the frequency and amplitude of the pressure oscillation by immersing the object in the thermoplastic material to ensure sufficient impregnation into the object to at least partially fill the holes Or pores and bonding of particles or sheets of material from which the object is made.

Preferably, the pressure is oscillated between a negative pressure or an atmospheric pressure and a positive pressure comprising an overpressure.

Preferably, the material particles or sheets are deposited as a layer.

In one embodiment, the sheet of material comprises paper, plastic, or fabric.

In another embodiment, the particles comprise a color absorbent or a color coatable material, preferably a gypsum or plastic. The gypsum is usually a modified gypsum, and the preferred form comprises a solvent-based copolymer, typically a copolymer of polyvinyl acetate (PVA). They may also contain a colorant.

Preferred thermoplastic materials for use in the process of the present invention are linear or branched semi-crystalline aliphatic polyester thermoplastics having a melting point between 40 ° C and 65 ° C and a cure/crystallization point between 20 ° C and 40 ° C.

The best caprolactones or blends comprising one or more caprolactones.

In an advantageous method, the object is heated to a first temperature (T1) and maintained at a negative pressure (P1) to drive away water or other volatiles from the pores or pores before being impregnated with a thermoplastic material, thereby ensuring The thermoplastic material optimally penetrates the object. The object is then immersed in the thermoplastic material and brought to a second viscosity reduction temperature (T2) under vacuum (P1) or at atmospheric pressure (P0), typically from 90 °C to 160 °C.

Preferably, although not necessary, when the second viscosity is reached, the temperature is lowered. Degree (T2), the immersion treatment is started, and the pressure oscillates between pressures, preferably between a negative pressure (P1) and a positive pressure (P2) or an overpressure (P3).

Once treated, the second viscosity reduction temperature (T2) is maintained and the thermoplastic material is discharged from a reservoir (14) at a positive pressure (P2) or under pressure. The object is then moved in various directions at a second viscosity reduction temperature (T2) to displace excess thermoplastic material.

Then, the object can be sent to the inspection, and the temperature is lowered from the second temperature (T2) to the third processable temperature (T3), which is between the first temperature and the second viscosity reduction temperature (T1 and T2). And if desired, excess material can be removed using a novel thermoplastic removal device.

Finally, the object is tempered under positive pressure (P2) by movement between one or more additional intermediate temperatures (T4 and T5) to control crystallinity.

According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a device (10) for post-processing a three-dimensional print free-form or fabricated article (100), the device comprising: a) an impregnation chamber (12), Wherein an object to be impregnated with a thermoplastic material (110) is impregnated; b) a reservoir (14) which is filled with a thermoplastic material when in use; c) a curing chamber (16) which is used for heating And curing the object; and d) a controller (18) for controlling the operational function of the device; characterized in that the reservoir comprises a heating device (20) and an inductor (22, 26, 28) for thermoplastic The material can be melted within the defined temperature (T) parameters, and the controller makes the sequential steps of impregnation and solidification within the device feasible.

According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a device (10) For use in post-processing three-dimensional printing free-form manufacturing or laminate manufacturing of objects (100), the apparatus comprising: a) an impregnation chamber (12) in which an object to be impregnated with a thermoplastic material (110) is impregnated; b) a reservoir (14) which is filled with a thermoplastic material when in use; c) a curing chamber (16) for heating and curing the object; and d) a controller (18) It is used to control the operational function of the device; characterized in that at least one chamber is constructed such that the reaction can be carried out under negative pressure (P1) and positive pressure (P2/P3).

The devices of the second and third aspects have some features in common.

In one embodiment, preferably the curing chamber has a vacuum pump coupled thereto, and at least one of a thermal sensor, a pressure sensor, and/or a level sensor.

By "connecting to", and apparently by Figure 3 (step 7), it is apparent that when the curing is under pressure, the impregnation chamber can also act as a curing chamber.

Preferably, the apparatus further includes a platform, vessel or arm for supporting the object, and a compressor for pressurizing the impregnation chamber and assisting other operational functions.

More preferably, the apparatus also includes a heating device coupled to one or more of the impregnation chamber and the curing chamber.

In a preferred embodiment, a cover seals the reaction chamber and provides support to the platform, and the device further includes a viewing window and one or more fans.

Preferred thermoplastic materials for use with the method of the present invention A linear or branched semi-crystalline aliphatic polyester thermoplastic having a melting point between 40 ° C and 65 ° C and a cure/crystallization point between 20 ° C and 40 ° C.

A preferred functional polymer is polycaprolactone. Most preferably, it is a polyol, more preferably a diol, a triol, or a tetraol.

The polycaprolactone may have a molecular weight of from 2,000 to 100,000.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a three-dimensional printing free-form manufacturing or laminate manufacturing object (100) which is a line having a melting point between 40 ° C and 65 ° C and a solidification/crystallization point between 20 ° C and 40 ° C. The semi-crystalline aliphatic polyester thermoplastic material is impregnated or branched such that the pores or pores within or between the material particles or sheets from which the object is made are infiltrated by at least 10%.

10‧‧‧Immersion device

12‧‧‧ Impregnation chamber

14‧‧‧Storage

16‧‧‧Cure chamber

18‧‧‧Control panel

20‧‧‧ heating device

22‧‧‧Thermal sensor

24‧‧‧vacuum pump

26‧‧‧Horizontal sensor

28‧‧‧ Pressure sensor

30‧‧‧ platform

32‧‧‧Compressor

34‧‧‧ cover

36‧‧‧ observation window/door

38‧‧‧fan

40‧‧‧ Shell

42‧‧‧ display

44‧‧‧Ball valve

46‧‧‧Material removal device

48‧‧‧Filter

50‧‧‧impacter

100‧‧‧ objects

110‧‧‧ thermoplastic materials

L0, L1‧‧‧ horizontal position

T0‧‧‧ room temperature

T1‧‧‧ first temperature

T2‧‧‧second viscosity reduction temperature

T3‧‧‧ third treatable temperature

T4, T5‧‧‧ intermediate temperature

T6‧‧‧tempering temperature

P0‧‧‧ atmosphere

P1‧‧‧ negative pressure

P2‧‧‧ positive pressure

P3‧‧‧Overpressure

Brief description of the schema

The aspects of the invention are further illustrated by way of example only with reference to the following drawings and examples, wherein: Figure 1 is a "simple" perspective view of an impregnation apparatus in accordance with one aspect of the invention; Plan view of the apparatus (before); Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary processing stage (1-8) along with the impregnation apparatus shown at different processing stages; and Figures 4a and 4b are a) unpressurized according to one aspect of the invention And b) a photo representation of an object having a pressurization and processing in accordance with a preferred aspect of the invention.

Detailed description

Referring to Figure 1, the impregnation apparatus (10) of the present invention can be easily seen. Three functional chambers (12, 14, 16) are included which are equal to the illustrated embodiments stacked one upon another in a housing (40).

At the bottom of the stack is a reservoir (14) which, when used, is filled with a thermoplastic material (110), see Fig. 3, which provides many of the benefits achieved using the method of the present invention. Placed thereon is an impregnation chamber (12) in which an object (100) (Fig. 3) to be impregnated with a thermoplastic material (110) is impregnated at the time of use. Immediately adjacent to the impregnation chamber is a curing chamber (16) for heating and solidifying the object and is provided with a viewing window/door (36). The impregnation chamber and the solidification chamber can be considered to be the reaction chamber.

On the viewing/curing chamber (16), it is provided with a "controller", not shown, which is operated via a control panel (18) and a display (42). The window or door of the chamber can interfere with the object before or during the curing phase (unless pressure is applied).

Further details regarding the interrelationship between the main elements providing the functionality and the additional features are provided with reference to FIG.

At the bottom of the device, a vacuum pump (24) and a compressor (32) are attached to both sides of the reservoir (14), and the functions thereof will be better understood with reference to the processing described later. Briefly, however, the compressor enables a pneumatic control of a door (36), a lid (34), a ball valve (44), a reservoir (14), an impregnation chamber (12), and a material removal device (46).

In combination with the reservoir (14), a heating device (20) for heating the thermoplastic material into a liquid, and a heat sensor (22), a level sensor (26), and a pressure sensor (28), etc. The temperature and pressure and flow of the thermoplastic material from and to the impregnation chamber (12) are resisted.

The impregnation chamber is also heated by a heating device (20) and has an inductor that monitors the liquid level (26) and pressure (28). It also has a filter (48) to prevent particles from entering the chamber.

A material removal device (46) is also provided.

The upper curing chamber (16) has a transparent (viewing) door (36) that can be opened to place an object (100) on a platform (30) that is attached to a cover (34) In connection, the lid (34) can be raised and lowered into the impregnation chamber and removed at the X, Y and Z faces to optimize processing. It also has a heating device (20) and an external fan having at least one fan (38) coupled thereto to maintain a uniform temperature. If the pressure is used for curing, the impregnation chamber can also partially serve as a curing chamber.

The method of the present invention can also be applied with or without a positive pressure comprising an overpressure, which can be achieved hydraulically by an impactor (50).

One method of the present invention (using positive pressure) is described with reference to FIG.

Stage 1 An object (100) to be treated is placed on the platform (30) (if it is required to be securely clamped) at level L1, or in a container that is attached to the mechanical path of the cover (34). The object is heated from room temperature T0 to a "first target temperature" (T1) (e.g., 60 ° C) for a sufficient period of time to allow the atmospheric pressure (P0) to be completely uniform throughout the temperature at which the object is to be achieved. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the target temperature (T1) will vary depending on the object to be impregnated and the thermoplastic material to be used.

Stage 2 When the first target temperature (T1) is reached, the object is lowered on the platform to the position L0 in the impregnation chamber (12) to the negative pressure P1 (for example, -1 bar) dry. The pressure sensor (28, Figure 2) detects the lack of water or solvent.

Stage 3 At a negative pressure or atmospheric pressure (P1 or P0), the impregnation chamber (12) is filled from the void (I0) with the impregnating material (110) such that the object is completely immersed (I1). The fill level is controlled via the use of a horizontal sensor (26, Figure 2) within the reservoir. Once at the desired fill level (I1) (the object is immersed), the thermoplastic impregnating material (110) is heated to a second target temperature (T2) which is selected such that the viscosity of the thermoplastic material is sufficiently low that the thermoplastic material is discharged from the object. . Typically, this would be advantageous for caprolactone to be, for example, between 90 ° C and 150 ° C, but with higher molecular weight polymers (greater than 10,000), increased temperatures and pressures (P2) can be used.

Stage 4 Once the second target temperature (T2) in the impregnation chamber is reached, the pressure oscillates between two different pressures, which may be negative pressure (P1) (or atmospheric pressure P0) and positive pressure (P2), including overpressure ( P3), which can be achieved hydraulically via the assembly (50), for example from -1 bar to 1000 bar. The frequency and amplitude of the oscillations can be varied to suit the geometry and material properties of the object to be processed. The horizontal sensor (26, Figure 2) in the chamber detects and controls excessive foaming and ensures that sufficient impregnating material (110) is present.

Stage 5 Once impregnated, the impregnating material (110) is discharged to the reservoir. This can be via positive pressure or gravity at normal atmospheric pressure (P0) or under negative pressure from the reservoir.

Stage 6 The platform is raised to position (L1) into the observation/curing chamber and can be rotated via any direction (X, Y, Z faces) to ensure that all impregnated material (110) is recovered. Platform speed can be increased to aid in material removal.

Stage 7 Once all available impregnated materials have been recovered, The body is cooled until the object can be processed at one or more intermediate temperatures (T3), for example between 40 ° C and 90 ° C, for detection. During the test, the unsolidified material can be removed by a new hand-held blast and vacuum fill (46) assisted by opening the window (36, Fig. 2). The temperature of the air blown through the device is maintained at a temperature of T3 or higher than T3. This is especially useful when the object has geometry and voids that would retain unwanted thermoplastic material. Once the test is complete, the object is lowered into the impregnation chamber (12) and cooled at one or more tempering temperatures (T4; T5; T6) under positive pressure (P2), which are below the intermediate temperature T3. In the meantime, this material is tempered to reach the maximum crystal structure. Tempering can include raising and lowering the temperature above and below T4, T5 or T6. In this regard, the impregnation chamber also serves partially as a curing chamber.

Stage 8 Once tempered, the platform rises to L1 and the object can be removed.

The use of pressure enables a wider range of thermoplastic materials to be used because they are less viscous under pressure and, therefore, a greater penetration can be achieved as exemplified in Example 1 below.

Example 1

The benefits of using stress are exemplified in the example below where an object is processed.

a) with caprolactone (molecular weight 25,000) at 120 ° C, (Fig. 4a); and b) with the same caprolactone at 120 ° C, between -1 bar and 4 bar (Fig. 4b).

As can be seen from the comparative figures, Figures 4a and 4b, the provision of pressure ensures complete impregnation of the material, as evidenced by the darker uniform center in Figure 4.

Preferred thermoplastic materials for use in the process of the present invention are linear or branched semi-crystalline aliphatic polyester thermoplastics having a melting point between 40 ° C and 65 ° C and a cure/crystallization point between 20 ° C and 40 ° C.

Preferred polyester polycaprolactones for use in the present invention.

The general chemical formula of polycaprolactone is shown in the following chemical formula 1:

Polycaprolactones are generally defined as "thermoplastic materials" at a molecular weight of 10,000 and higher, which have a viscosity of 9,300 MPa and a melting point range of 58-60 °C.

However, lower molecular weight polyols having a melting point range above room temperature (more preferably above 30 ° C, such as typically 40-50 ° C) and having a lower viscosity (down to 400-500 MPa) (including Glycols, triols and tetraols, and some of these copolymers are particularly suitable for this application.

12‧‧‧ Impregnation chamber

14‧‧‧Storage

16‧‧‧Cure chamber

20‧‧‧ heating device

22‧‧‧Thermal sensor

24‧‧‧vacuum pump

26‧‧‧Horizontal sensor

28‧‧‧ Pressure sensor

30‧‧‧ platform

32‧‧‧Compressor

34‧‧‧ cover

38‧‧‧fan

42‧‧‧ display

44‧‧‧Ball valve

46‧‧‧Material removal device

48‧‧‧Filter

50‧‧‧impacter

100‧‧‧ objects

Claims (34)

A method of impregnating, impregnating or impregnating a three-dimensionally printed free-form or fabricated object, the object comprising a hole or a void in or between particles or sheets of material from which the object is made, the method being characterized in that The system is impregnated with a thermoplastic material introduced under controlled temperature and pressure conditions, and wherein the thermoplastic material penetrates the object by dipping the object into the thermoplastic material and by controlling the frequency and amplitude of the pressure oscillations. To ensure sufficient immersion in the object to at least partially fill the pores or pores and to bond the particles or sheets of material from which the object is made. The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure is oscillated between a negative pressure or an atmospheric pressure and a positive pressure including an overpressure. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the particles or sheets of the materials are deposited as a layer. The method of claim 3, wherein the sheet of the material comprises paper, plastic, or fabric. The method of claim 1, wherein the particles from which the object is made comprise a color absorbing agent or a color coatable material. The method of claim 5, wherein the color absorbent or the color coatable particles comprise gypsum or plastic. The method of claim 6, wherein the gypsum further comprises a solvent-based copolymer. The method of claim 7, wherein the solvent-based copolymer is polycondensed Vinyl acetate (PVA). The method of claim 1, wherein the particles or the sheets are colored. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the thermoplastic material is a linear or branched semi-crystalline aliphatic polycondensation having a melting point between 40 ° C and 65 ° C and a solidification/crystallization point between 20 ° C and 40 ° C. ester. The method of claim 10, wherein the thermoplastic material is a caprolactone or a blend comprising one or more caprolactones. The method of claim 10 or 11, wherein the object is heated to a first temperature (T1) and maintained at a negative pressure (P1) to drive water away from the holes or the pores prior to impregnation of the thermoplastic material. Or other volatiles. The method of claim 10, 11 or 12, wherein the object is immersed in the thermoplastic material and brought to a second viscosity reduction temperature (T2) from 90 ° C to 220 ° C under vacuum (P1) or atmospheric pressure (P0). . The method of claim 13, wherein the immersion treatment starts when the second temperature (T2) is reached. The method of claim 14, wherein the second viscosity reduction temperature (T2) is maintained to discharge the thermoplastic material, and the thermoplastic material is discharged at a positive pressure (P2/P3). The method of claim 15, wherein the object is moved in the various directions at the second viscosity reduction temperature (T2) to displace the thermoplastic material. The method of claim 15, wherein the object is sent to the inspection, the temperature is decreased from the second viscosity reduction temperature (T2) to the first temperature and the second viscosity reduction temperature (T1 and T2) a third treatable temperature Degree (T3), and if desired, the material can be removed using a thermoplastic removal device. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the object is tempered to control recrystallization of the thermoplastic material. The method of claim 18, wherein tempering comprises adjusting the temperature such that the object is brought to one or more additional intermediate temperatures (T4 and T5) at a positive pressure (P2/P3). An apparatus for processing a three-dimensionally printed free-form or fabricated object, the apparatus comprising: a) an impregnation chamber in which an object to be impregnated with a thermoplastic material is impregnated; b) a reservoir, wherein Used in the filling with the thermoplastic material; c) a curing chamber for heating and solidifying the object; and d) a controller for controlling the operational function of the device; characterized in that the reservoir comprises A heating device and an inductor allow the thermoplastic material to melt within a defined temperature (T) parameter, and the controller provides a sequential step of impregnation and solidification within the device. An apparatus for processing a three-dimensionally printed free-form or fabricated object, the apparatus comprising: a) an impregnation chamber in which an object to be impregnated with a thermoplastic material is impregnated; b) a reservoir, wherein When used, the thermoplastic material is filled; c) a curing chamber for heating and solidifying the object; and d) a controller for controlling the operational function of the device; It is characterized in that at least one chamber is constructed such that the reaction can be carried out under both a negative pressure (P1) and a positive pressure (P2/P3). A device according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the curing chamber or the impregnation chamber has a vacuum pump in combination with it, which allows the temperature to be controlled at a reduced or elevated pressure. The device of claim 20, 21 or 22, wherein the curing chamber or the immersion chamber comprises at least one of a thermal sensor, a pressure sensor, and/or a level sensor. The device of any one of claims 20 to 23, further comprising a platform, container or arm for supporting the object. The apparatus of any one of claims 20 to 24, further comprising a compressor for pressurizing the impregnation chamber and assisting other operational functions such as a door, a lid, a ball valve, a reservoir, an impregnation chamber, and a material Remove the pneumatic control of the device. The device of any one of claims 20 to 25, further comprising a heating device coupled to one or more of the impregnation chamber and the curing chamber. The device of claim 24, further comprising a lid that seals the reaction chamber and provides the platform support. The device of any one of claims 20 to 27, further comprising an observation window and a door. The device of any one of claims 20 to 28, further comprising one or more fans. A three-dimensional printing free-form manufacturing or laminate manufacturing object impregnated with a linear or branched semi-crystalline aliphatic polyester thermoplastic material, the thermoplastic material The system has a melting point between 40 ° C and 65 ° C and a solidification/crystallization point between 20 ° C and 40 ° C such that the pores or pores within or between the particles or sheets of the material from which the object is made are infiltrated by at least 10 %. A three-dimensional printing free-form manufacturing or laminate manufacturing object impregnated with a linear or branched semi-crystalline aliphatic polyester thermoplastic material as claimed in claim 30, wherein the thermoplastic material is a polycaprolactone or comprises a polycaprolactone . The three-dimensional printing free-form manufacturing or laminate manufacturing object of claim 31, which is impregnated with a linear or branched semi-crystalline aliphatic polyester thermoplastic material, wherein the polycaprolactone is a polyhydric alcohol. The three-dimensional printing free-form manufacturing or laminate manufacturing object of claim 32, which is impregnated with a linear or branched semi-crystalline aliphatic polyester thermoplastic material, wherein the polyol is a diol, a triol or a tetraol. A three-dimensional printing free-form or laminate-made object impregnated with a linear or branched semi-crystalline aliphatic polyester thermoplastic material according to any one of claims 30-33, wherein the polycaprolactone has from 2000 to 100,000 Molecular weight.