TW201520571A - Method and system of state of heath of battery - Google Patents
Method and system of state of heath of battery Download PDFInfo
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本發明是有關於一種電池組健康狀態估測之方法與系統,且特別是有關於一種不須架設資料庫之電池組健康狀態估測之方法與系統。 The invention relates to a method and a system for estimating the health status of a battery pack, and in particular to a method and a system for estimating the health status of a battery pack without erecting a database.
隨著環保及節能之意識抬頭,特殊動力車輛之相關技術蓬勃發展。特殊動力車輛以氣體燃料或電能來輔助甚至取代液體燃料,以做為車輛的動力來源,目前的特殊動力車輛分為油電混合、油氣混合或純電力驅動方式。 With the rising awareness of environmental protection and energy conservation, the related technologies of special power vehicles are booming. Special power vehicles use gaseous fuel or electric energy to assist or even replace liquid fuel as a power source for vehicles. Current special power vehicles are classified into oil-electric hybrid, oil-gas hybrid or pure electric drive.
其中油電混合車具有降低車輛油耗的優點,其與一般汽油驅動車輛相異的是油電混合車多了電動馬達及可充電電池,而引擎發動時的一部份動力用以驅動輪胎,另一部份動力則由發電機充電到可充電電池內,而可充電電池再提供電力至電動馬達以運作車輛。 Among them, the hybrid electric vehicle has the advantage of reducing the fuel consumption of the vehicle. Compared with the general gasoline-driven vehicle, the hybrid electric vehicle has more electric motors and rechargeable batteries, and some of the power when the engine is started is used to drive the tires. A portion of the power is charged by the generator into the rechargeable battery, which in turn supplies power to the electric motor to operate the vehicle.
因此,如何有效控制可充電電池及提高可充電電池的效能便為目前市面上油電混合車及電動車之研發重點,而其中又以電池管理系統(Battery Management System, BMS)為主力發展技術。電池管理系統的功能為估測可充電電池之殘餘電荷狀態(State Of Charge,SOC)及健康狀態(State OF Heath,SOH),可讓使用者預測充電時間、車輛里程數及電池壽命等資料。 Therefore, how to effectively control the rechargeable battery and improve the performance of the rechargeable battery is the focus of the research and development of the hybrid electric vehicle and the electric vehicle on the market, and the battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS) is the main development technology. The battery management system's function is to estimate the State Of Charge (SOC) and State OF Heath (SOH) of the rechargeable battery, allowing users to predict the charging time, vehicle mileage and battery life.
然而目前習知對於電池管理系統的研究,所採用之方式大致可分為開路電壓法、庫倫電量積分法及負載電壓法等,但上述方法均須花費大量時間建構可充電電池的量測資料庫,才可推估可充電電池的電荷狀態及健康狀態。此外,其中的開路電壓法更須於可充電電池停止充放電的情況下才可以進行量測,對於使用者極為不便。 However, the current research on battery management systems can be roughly divided into open circuit voltage method, Coulomb power integration method and load voltage method, etc., but all of the above methods take a lot of time to construct a measurement database of rechargeable batteries. In order to estimate the charge state and health status of the rechargeable battery. In addition, the open circuit voltage method can be measured only when the rechargeable battery is stopped charging and discharging, which is extremely inconvenient for the user.
因此,本發明之目的是在提供一種電池組健康狀態估測之方法與系統,可大幅降低習知電池管理技術須建構龐大資料庫所花費之時間。此外,本發明利用量測迴路電壓的方式,而非習知採用開路電壓法或內阻法,藉此可於電池組放電過程中進行健康狀態估測,無需限制於充電過程中進行估測,且無需使用特殊儀器來預先量測電池組之溫度或內部阻抗。 Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and system for estimating the health of a battery pack that substantially reduces the time it takes for conventional battery management techniques to construct a large database. In addition, the present invention utilizes the method of measuring the loop voltage, instead of using the open circuit voltage method or the internal resistance method, thereby estimating the health state during the discharge process of the battery pack, without being limited to the estimation during the charging process. There is no need to use special instruments to pre-measure the temperature or internal impedance of the battery pack.
依據本發明一實施方式是在提供一種電池組健康狀態估測方法,其步驟包含:一量測步驟,其以一預設取樣條件之相異複數放電電量重複量測電池組之複數電池芯之複數迴路電壓。一離散化步驟,其根據一標準差(Standard Deviation)公式統計分佈計算各電池芯之迴路電 壓,用以獲得各電池芯之一電壓標準差。一微分步驟,其根據放電電量及電壓標準差獲得一離散曲線,並採一微分公式計算離散曲線之一標準差波谷值。一推估步驟,其根據一健康狀態(SOH)計算公式計算電池組之一額定放電電量及對應標準差波谷值之放電電量,用以獲得電池組之一健康狀態。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, a battery pack health state estimation method is provided, the method comprising: a measuring step of repeatedly measuring a plurality of battery cells of the battery pack by using different predetermined discharge conditions Complex loop voltage. a discretization step for calculating loop electrical power of each battery cell according to a statistical distribution of a standard deviation (Standard Deviation) formula Press to obtain a voltage standard deviation of each cell. A differential step, which obtains a discrete curve according to the discharge electric quantity and the standard deviation of the voltage, and uses a differential formula to calculate a standard deviation wave trough value of one of the discrete curves. An estimation step of calculating a rated discharge power of the battery pack and a discharge power corresponding to the standard deviation wave trough according to a health state (SOH) calculation formula to obtain a health state of the battery pack.
依據前述之電池組健康狀態估測方法,其中量測步驟中預設取樣條件為每一百毫安時(mAH)量測電池組之各電池芯之迴路電壓一次,且電池組之各放電電量係可採電流積分法(Coulomb counting method)取得。離散化步驟中標 準差公式為,而X i 為迴路電壓之隨機變數,u i 為對應各電池芯之迴路電壓之平均值,Z i 為電池芯之迴路電壓數值的標準分數,n為對應各電池芯之迴路電壓之總數。微分步驟中微分公式為dσ(AH)/dAH,而σ(AH)為電壓標準差對放電電量函數,AH為放電電量。推估步驟中健康狀態計算公式為k(AH valley )/(AH original )×100%,其中k為放電係數,AH valley 為對應標準差波谷值之放電電量,AH original 為電池組之額定放電電量。 According to the foregoing battery pack health state estimation method, wherein the preset sampling condition in the measuring step is to measure the loop voltage of each battery cell of the battery pack once every 100 milliampere-hours (mAH), and each discharge battery of the battery pack It is obtained by the Coulomb counting method. The standard deviation formula in the discretization step is And X i is a random variable of the loop voltage, u i is the average value of the loop voltages corresponding to the respective battery cores, Z i is the standard fraction of the loop voltage values of the battery cores, and n is the total number of loop voltages corresponding to the respective battery cells. In the differential step, the differential formula is dσ ( AH ) / dAH , and σ ( AH ) is the voltage standard deviation versus discharge capacity function, and AH is the discharge capacity. The health state calculation formula in the estimation step is k( AH valley )/( AH original )×100%, where k is the discharge coefficient, AH valley is the discharge capacity corresponding to the standard deviation wave valley, and AH original is the rated discharge capacity of the battery pack. .
依據本發明另一實施方式是在提供一種電池組健康狀態估測系統,其包含一電池組、一電壓檢測電路、一電流檢測電路以及一運算模組。電池組具有複數電池芯。電壓檢測電路電性連接電池組,電壓檢測電路以一預設取樣條件之相異複數放電電量重複量測各電池芯之複數迴路電壓。電流檢測電路電性連接電池組,電流檢測電路量測 電池組之一放電電流,用以計算各放電電量。運算模組電性連接電池組,運算模組包含一離散化單元、一微分單元以及一健康狀態(SOH)計算單元。離散化單元根據一標準差(Standard Deviation)公式統計分佈計算各電池芯之各迴路電壓,用以獲得各電池芯之一電壓標準差。微分單元根據各放電電量及各電壓標準差獲得一離散曲線,並採一微分公式計算離散曲線之一標準差波谷值。健康狀態計算單元根據一健康狀態計算公式計算電池組之一額定放電電量及對應標準差波谷值之放電電量,用以獲得電池組之一健康狀態。 Another embodiment of the present invention provides a battery pack health state estimation system including a battery pack, a voltage detecting circuit, a current detecting circuit, and an arithmetic module. The battery pack has a plurality of battery cells. The voltage detecting circuit is electrically connected to the battery pack, and the voltage detecting circuit repeatedly measures the complex loop voltage of each battery cell by using a different complex discharge quantity of a predetermined sampling condition. The current detecting circuit is electrically connected to the battery pack, and the current detecting circuit measures One of the battery packs discharges current to calculate each discharge. The computing module is electrically connected to the battery pack, and the computing module comprises a discretization unit, a differential unit and a health state (SOH) calculation unit. The discretization unit calculates the voltages of the respective loops of each battery cell according to a statistical deviation of a standard deviation (Standard Deviation) formula to obtain a voltage standard deviation of each of the battery cells. The differential unit obtains a discrete curve according to each discharge electric quantity and each voltage standard deviation, and uses a differential formula to calculate one standard deviation wave valley value of the discrete curve. The health state calculation unit calculates a discharge power of one of the battery packs and a discharge power corresponding to the standard deviation wave value according to a health state calculation formula to obtain a health state of the battery pack.
依據前述之電池組健康狀態估測系統,其中預設取樣條件為每一百毫安時(mAH)量測電池組之各電池芯之迴路電壓一次,且電池組之各放電電量係可採電流積分法(Coulomb counting method)取得。標準差公式為 ,而X i 為迴路電壓之隨機變數,u i 為對應各電 池芯之迴路電壓之平均值,Z i 為電池芯之迴路電壓數值的標準分數,n為對應各電池芯之迴路電壓之總數。微分公式為dσ(AH)/dAH,而σ(AH)為電壓標準差對放電電量函數,AH為放電電量。健康狀態計算公式為 k(AH valley )/(AH original )×100%,其中k為放電係數,AH valley 為 對應標準差波谷值之放電電量,AH original 為電池組之額定放電電量。電池組健康狀態估測系統更包含一記憶模組、一顯示模組以及一負載。記憶模組電性連接運算模組。顯示模組電性連接運算模組,用以顯示電池組之健康狀態。負 載電性連接電壓檢測電路及電流檢測電路,用以使負載、電池組、電壓檢測電路及電流檢測電路串聯形成一迴路。 According to the foregoing battery pack health state estimation system, wherein the preset sampling condition is to measure the loop voltage of each battery cell of the battery pack once every 100 milliampere-hours (mAH), and each discharge power of the battery pack is a current collector. Obtained by the Coulomb counting method. The standard deviation formula is And X i is a random variable of the loop voltage, u i is the average value of the loop voltages corresponding to the respective battery cores, Z i is the standard fraction of the loop voltage values of the battery cores, and n is the total number of loop voltages corresponding to the respective battery cells. The differential formula is dσ ( AH ) / dAH , and σ ( AH ) is the voltage standard deviation versus discharge capacity function, and AH is the discharge capacity. The health state is calculated as k( AH valley )/( AH original )×100%, where k is the discharge coefficient, AH valley is the discharge capacity corresponding to the standard deviation wave trough, and AH original is the rated discharge capacity of the battery pack. The battery health assessment system further includes a memory module, a display module, and a load. The memory module is electrically connected to the computing module. The display module is electrically connected to the computing module to display the health status of the battery pack. The load is electrically connected to the voltage detecting circuit and the current detecting circuit for connecting the load, the battery pack, the voltage detecting circuit and the current detecting circuit in series to form a loop.
本發明之電池組健康狀態估測之方法及系統,其係利用量測電池組之電池芯迴路電壓之標準差變化及放電電量來獲取電池組之健康狀態,藉此可即時修正電池組之殘餘電量狀態。 The method and system for estimating the health status of the battery pack of the present invention utilizes the standard deviation change of the battery core circuit voltage of the battery pack and the discharge power to obtain the health status of the battery pack, thereby instantly correcting the residual of the battery pack Battery status.
100‧‧‧電池組健康狀態估測系統 100‧‧‧Battery Health Status Estimation System
110‧‧‧電池組 110‧‧‧Battery Pack
111‧‧‧電池芯 111‧‧‧ battery core
120‧‧‧電壓檢測電路 120‧‧‧Voltage detection circuit
130‧‧‧電流檢測電路 130‧‧‧ Current detection circuit
140‧‧‧運算模組 140‧‧‧ Computing Module
141‧‧‧離散化單元 141‧‧‧Discrete unit
142‧‧‧微分單元 142‧‧‧differentiation unit
143‧‧‧健康狀態計算單元 143‧‧‧Health State Calculation Unit
144‧‧‧積分單元 144‧‧ ‧ integral unit
150‧‧‧記憶模組 150‧‧‧ memory module
160‧‧‧顯示模組 160‧‧‧ display module
170‧‧‧負載 170‧‧‧load
AH‧‧‧放電電量 AH ‧‧‧discharge
V‧‧‧迴路電壓 V ‧‧‧ loop voltage
I‧‧‧放電電流 I ‧‧‧discharge current
AH oringal ‧‧‧額定放電電量 AH oringal ‧‧‧rated discharge capacity
AH valley ‧‧‧對應標準差波谷值之放電電量 AH valley ‧‧‧ discharge capacity corresponding to the standard deviation wave valley
SOH‧‧‧健康狀態 SOH‧‧‧Health status
210‧‧‧量測步驟 210‧‧‧Measurement steps
220‧‧‧離散化步驟 220‧‧‧ Discretization steps
230‧‧‧微分步驟 230‧‧‧Differential steps
240‧‧‧推估步驟 240‧‧‧ Estimation steps
為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點與實施例能更明顯易懂,所附圖式之說明如下:第1圖是係繪示依照本發明一實施方式的一種電池組健康狀態估測系統之方塊示意圖。 The above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention will become more <RTIgt; <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; A block diagram of the measurement system.
第2圖係繪示依照第1圖之運算模組之方塊示意圖。 FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the operation module according to FIG. 1.
第3圖係繪示依照本發明一實施方式的一種電池組健康狀態估測方法之步驟圖。 3 is a flow chart showing a method for estimating a health state of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第4圖係繪示依照應用本發明一實施例之電池組健康狀態估測系統之離散曲線圖。 4 is a discrete graph showing a battery health state estimation system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
請參照第1圖及第2圖,其中第1圖係繪示依照本發明一實施方式的一種電池組健康狀態估測系統之方塊示意圖,第2圖係繪示依照第1圖之運算模組之方塊示意圖。電池組健康狀態估測系統100包含一電池組110、一電壓檢測電路120、一電流檢測電路130、一運算模組140、一記 憶模組150、一顯示模組160以及一負載170。 Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , wherein FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a battery pack health state estimation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a computing module according to FIG. 1 . Block diagram. The battery health state estimation system 100 includes a battery pack 110, a voltage detecting circuit 120, a current detecting circuit 130, an operation module 140, and a memory The module 150, a display module 160, and a load 170 are recalled.
電池組110具有複數電池芯111,本發明係以鋰鐵電池組做為實施例說明,但不侷限應用於此。 The battery pack 110 has a plurality of battery cells 111. The present invention is described with respect to the lithium iron battery pack as an embodiment, but is not limited thereto.
電壓檢測電路120電性連接電池組110,電壓檢測電路120以一預設取樣條件下之相異複數放電電量AH重複量測各電池芯111之複數迴路電壓V。在下面的敘述當中,將會針對預設取樣條件再舉出實際的實施例來加以說明。 120 is electrically connected to the battery voltage detection circuit 110, the voltage detecting circuit 120 to a plurality of different samples under the conditions of a predetermined discharge capacity AH is repeated a plurality of measurement loop voltage V of each battery cell 111. In the following description, the actual embodiment will be described with reference to the preset sampling conditions.
電流檢測電路130電性連接電池組110,電流檢測電路130量測電池組110之放電電流I,用以計算放電電量AH。 The current detecting circuit 130 is electrically connected to the battery pack 110, and the current detecting circuit 130 measures the discharging current I of the battery pack 110 for calculating the discharging power AH .
運算模組140電性連接電池組110,運算模組140包含一離散化單元141、一微分單元142、一健康狀態計算單元143以及一積分單元144。 The computing module 140 is electrically connected to the battery pack 110. The computing module 140 includes a discretization unit 141, a differentiation unit 142, a health state calculation unit 143, and an integration unit 144.
承上,離散化單元141根據一標準差公式統計分佈計算各電池芯111之各迴路電壓V,用以獲得各電池芯111之一電壓標準差。 The discretization unit 141 calculates the loop voltages V of the respective battery cells 111 according to a standard deviation formula statistical distribution to obtain a voltage standard deviation of each of the battery cells 111.
微分單元142根據各放電電量AH及各電壓標準差獲得一離散曲線,並採一微分公式計算離散曲線之一標準差波谷值。 The differentiating unit 142 obtains a discrete curve according to each discharge electric quantity AH and each voltage standard deviation, and calculates a standard deviation wave trough value of one of the discrete curves by using a differential formula.
健康狀態計算單元143根據一健康狀態計算公式計算電池組110之一額定放電電量AH original 及對應標準差波谷值之放電電量AH valley ,用以獲得電池組110之一健康狀態SOH。 The health state calculation unit 143 calculates a rated discharge power amount AH original of the battery pack 110 and a discharge power amount AH valley corresponding to the standard deviation wave valley value according to a health state calculation formula to obtain a health state SOH of the battery pack 110.
積分單元144根據電池組110之放電電流I計算獲 取放電電量AH。 The integrating unit 144 calculates the generated discharge amount AH based on the discharge current I of the battery pack 110.
記憶模組150電性連接運算模組140。 The memory module 150 is electrically connected to the computing module 140.
顯示模組160電性連接運算模組140,用以顯示電池組110之健康狀態SOH。 The display module 160 is electrically connected to the computing module 140 for displaying the health status SOH of the battery pack 110.
負載170電性連接電壓檢測電路120及電流檢測電路130,用以使負載170、電池組110、電壓檢測電路120及電流檢測電路130串聯形成一迴路。 The load 170 is electrically connected to the voltage detecting circuit 120 and the current detecting circuit 130 for connecting the load 170, the battery pack 110, the voltage detecting circuit 120 and the current detecting circuit 130 in series to form a loop.
針對上述所採用之之標準差公式及微分公式,以下將更清楚地描述。請再同時參照第3圖及第4圖,第3圖係繪示依照本發明一實施方式的一種電池組健康狀態估測方法之步驟圖,第4圖係繪示依照第2圖中微分單元之離散曲線曲線圖。電池組健康狀態估測方法中電池組110已充飽電並進行下列之健康狀態估測之步驟,包含:量測步驟210,其利用電壓檢測電路120以預設取樣條件之相異複數放電電量AH重複量測電池組110之複數電池芯111之複數迴路電壓V。在本實施方式中預設條件係以每一百毫安時為量測單位記錄一次電池芯111之迴路電壓V,且定義電池組110之放電電流I每12安培為1電流量(Current,C),意即電池組110每小時放電電流為1200毫安培(mA)。具體而言,電壓檢測電路120所依據之放電電量AH係以電流檢測電路130量測之放電電流I計算而得知,且放電電量AH係可採電流積分法計算取得。 The standard deviation formula and the differential formula used above will be more clearly described below. Please refer to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 at the same time. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a method for estimating the health state of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the differential unit according to FIG. Discrete curve graph. The battery pack health state estimating method includes the steps of the battery pack 110 being fully charged and performing the following health state estimation, including: a measuring step 210, which utilizes the voltage detecting circuit 120 to discharge the different amount of power in a predetermined sampling condition. The AH repeatedly measures the complex loop voltage V of the plurality of battery cells 111 of the battery pack 110. In the present embodiment, the preset condition is to record the loop voltage V of the battery cell 111 in units of measurement per 100 mAh, and define the discharge current I of the battery pack 110 to be 1 current per 12 amps (Current, C). That is, the battery pack 110 has a discharge current of 1200 milliamperes (mA) per hour. Specifically, the discharge electric quantity AH according to the voltage detection circuit 120 is calculated by the discharge current I measured by the current detection circuit 130, and the discharge electric quantity AH is calculated and obtained by the current integration method.
離散化步驟220,其根據標準差公式統計分佈計算各電池芯111之迴路電壓V之電壓標準差。其中電壓標準
差公式為:
微分步驟230,其根據量測步驟210之放電電量AH及電壓標準差獲得離散曲線,本實施方式中係以電池組110已退化20次、30次、40次及50次繪出第4圖來舉例說明,其中以放電電量AH為橫軸,電壓標準差為縱軸。接著採微分公式來計算離散曲線之標準差波谷值,微分公式為:
推估步驟240,其根據健康狀態計算公式計算電池組110之額定放電電量AH original 及對應標準差波谷值之放電電量AH valley ,藉此獲得電池組110之健康狀態SOH。健康狀態SOH計算公式為:
藉此,經由上述步驟可在不必建設電池組110之資料庫下,迅速修正電池組110之健康狀態SOH。 Thereby, the health state SOH of the battery pack 110 can be quickly corrected under the above-mentioned steps without having to construct the database of the battery pack 110.
因此,由上述實施方式可知本發明之電池組健康狀態估測之方法及系統,其具有以下優點:利用量測電池組之電池芯迴路電壓之標準差變化及放電電量來獲取電池組之健康狀態,藉此可即時修正電池組之殘餘電量狀態,而不必花費大量時間建構資料庫。 Therefore, the method and system for estimating the health status of the battery pack of the present invention have the following advantages: the measurement of the standard deviation of the battery core circuit voltage and the discharge power of the battery pack are used to obtain the health status of the battery pack. This allows you to instantly correct the residual battery status of the battery pack without having to spend a lot of time building the database.
且由於本發明採量測迴路電壓之方式,可於電池組放電時進行電池組之健康狀態估測,而不必停止電池組放電行為。 Moreover, since the invention measures the voltage of the circuit, the health state of the battery pack can be estimated when the battery pack is discharged, without stopping the battery pack discharge behavior.
雖然本發明已以實施方式揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作各種之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention can be modified and modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope is subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application attached.
100‧‧‧電池組健康狀態估測系統 100‧‧‧Battery Health Status Estimation System
110‧‧‧電池組 110‧‧‧Battery Pack
111‧‧‧電池芯 111‧‧‧ battery core
120‧‧‧電壓檢測電路 120‧‧‧Voltage detection circuit
130‧‧‧電流檢測電路 130‧‧‧ Current detection circuit
140‧‧‧運算模組 140‧‧‧ Computing Module
150‧‧‧記憶模組 150‧‧‧ memory module
160‧‧‧顯示模組 160‧‧‧ display module
170‧‧‧負載 170‧‧‧load
SOH‧‧‧健康狀態 SOH‧‧‧Health status
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