TW201506315A - Optical device - Google Patents
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本發明是有關於一種擴散來自光源的光的光學元件。 The present invention relates to an optical element that diffuses light from a light source.
近年來,於照明用途中多使用發光二極體(light-emitting diode,LED)光源。LED光源中,向前方照射的光的比例高,因此多數情況是將擴散來自LED光源的光的光學元件與LED光源組合起來使用。特別是使用LED光源作為對大範圍進行照射的背光源(back light)用等的照明單元的光源時,為了以少量數目的LED光源實現緊湊(compact)的照明單元,而使用廣角度地擴散來自LED光源的光的光學元件(專利文獻1)。 In recent years, light-emitting diode (LED) light sources have been widely used for lighting applications. In the LED light source, since the ratio of the light irradiated to the front is high, in many cases, an optical element that diffuses light from the LED light source is used in combination with the LED light source. In particular, when an LED light source is used as a light source for an illumination unit such as a backlight for a wide range of illumination, in order to realize a compact illumination unit with a small number of LED light sources, wide angle diffusion is used. Optical element of light of an LED light source (Patent Document 1).
大光量的LED光源包括:藍色等短波長的光的發光晶片;以及螢光構件,其發出綠色、黃色、紅色等更長波長的螢光。在此種LED光源中,多數情況是短波長的光的發光晶片配置於中心部,且在其周圍配置發出更長波長的螢光的螢光構件。在此種LED光源中,發出短波長的光的部分的位置與發出長波長的光的部分的位置不同。因此,當藉由光學元件而擴散來自LED光源的光時,存在產生短波長的光增強的方向及長波長的光增強的方向的情況。其結果為,存在根據方向而產生帶藍色或帶紅色等色差 的情況。產生此種色差,作為照明單元而言欠佳。但是,迄今為止尚未開發出可縮小根據方向而產生的色差且擴散來自光源的光的光學元件。 A large-amount LED light source includes a light-emitting chip of short-wavelength light such as blue, and a fluorescent member that emits longer-wavelength fluorescence such as green, yellow, and red. In such an LED light source, in many cases, a light-emitting wafer of short-wavelength light is disposed at a center portion, and a fluorescent member that emits fluorescence of a longer wavelength is disposed around the light-emitting chip. In such an LED light source, the position of the portion that emits light of a short wavelength is different from the position of the portion that emits light of a long wavelength. Therefore, when light from the LED light source is diffused by the optical element, there are cases where a direction of light enhancement of a short wavelength and a direction of enhancement of light of a long wavelength are generated. As a result, there is a color difference such as bluish or bluish depending on the direction. Case. This color difference is produced and is not preferable as a lighting unit. However, optical elements that can reduce the chromatic aberration generated according to the direction and diffuse light from the light source have not been developed so far.
[先前技術文獻] [Previous Technical Literature]
[專利文獻] [Patent Literature]
[專利文獻1]日本專利3875247號公報 [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent No. 3875247
因此,存在對如下光學元件的需求,所述光學元件可縮小根據方向而產生的色差,且擴散來自光源的光。 Therefore, there is a need for an optical element that can reduce chromatic aberration generated according to a direction and diffuse light from a light source.
本發明的第1實施方式的光學元件包括:入射面,其覆蓋配置於平面上的光源;以及射出面,其覆蓋該入射面;且以來自該光源的光通過該入射面及該射出面後照射至外部的方式而構成。將通過該光源的中心且與該平面垂直的軸設為光軸,該入射面具有相對於周緣而該光軸附近凹陷的形狀,將該光軸與該入射面的交點設為O1,在包含該光軸且與該平面垂直的該光學元件的任意剖面上,將該入射面上的點P上的該入射面的法線相對於該光軸的角度設為φh,將該入射面上的點P的自點O1算起的該光軸方向上的距離設為z,以如下方式而構成該入射面,即,當使點P沿該入射面自點O1移動至該平面為止時,在與點O1相鄰的第1區域內,隨著z增加,φh單調減少,並且在較第1區域更靠近該平面的第2區域內,相對於z而言φh具有至少一個極大值及至少一個極小值。 An optical element according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes: an incident surface that covers a light source disposed on a plane; and an emitting surface that covers the incident surface; and the light from the light source passes through the incident surface and the exit surface It is constructed by irradiating it to the outside. An axis passing through the center of the light source and perpendicular to the plane is an optical axis, and the incident surface has a shape recessed near the optical axis with respect to the peripheral edge, and an intersection of the optical axis and the incident surface is set to O1, and is included The optical axis and the arbitrary cross section of the optical element perpendicular to the plane, the angle of the normal of the incident surface at the point P on the incident surface with respect to the optical axis is φh, and the incident surface is The distance of the point P from the point O1 in the direction of the optical axis is z, and the incident surface is configured in such a manner that when the point P is moved from the point O1 to the plane along the incident surface, In the first region adjacent to the point O1, φh monotonously decreases as z increases, and φh has at least one maximum value and at least one with respect to z in the second region closer to the plane than the first region Minimum value.
根據本實施方式的光學元件,以相對於z而言φh具有至少一個極大值及至少一個極小值的方式而構成入射面,因此當與光源組合起來使用時,來自光源的各點的光線根據該入射面上的抵達位置而向各種方向折射。因此,可縮小根據自光學元件射出的光的方向而產生的色差。 According to the optical element of the present embodiment, the incident surface is formed such that φh has at least one maximum value and at least one minimum value with respect to z, and therefore, when used in combination with the light source, the light rays from the respective points of the light source are The arrival position on the incident surface is refracted in various directions. Therefore, the chromatic aberration caused by the direction of the light emitted from the optical element can be reduced.
本發明的實施形態的光學元件如第1實施方式的光學元件,該入射面為關於該光軸而旋轉對稱的形狀。 In the optical element according to the embodiment of the present invention, the optical element of the first embodiment has a shape that is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the optical axis.
本實施形態的光學元件可藉由射出成形等而容易地製造。 The optical element of the present embodiment can be easily produced by injection molding or the like.
本發明的實施形態的光學元件如第1實施方式的光學元件,將該光軸的周圍分割成多個角度區間,以該入射面在各個角度區間具有不同形狀的方式而構成該入射面。 In the optical element according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the optical element is divided into a plurality of angular sections around the optical axis, and the incident surface is formed such that the incident surface has a different shape in each angular section.
根據本實施形態,可在每個與光軸的周圍的角度區間相對應的方向上實現不同的光的分佈。 According to the present embodiment, different light distributions can be realized in a direction corresponding to each of the angular sections around the optical axis.
本發明的實施形態的光學元件如第1實施方式的光學元件,以如下方式而構成該入射面,即,僅在該多個角度區間的一部分角度區間內,使點P沿該入射面自點O1移動至該平面為止時,相對於z而言φh具有至少一個極大值及至少一個極小值。 In the optical element according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the incident surface is configured such that the point P is self-pointed along the incident surface only in a part of the angular interval of the plurality of angular sections. When O1 moves to the plane, φh has at least one maximum value and at least one minimum value with respect to z.
根據本實施形態,可僅關於光軸的周圍的一部分角度區間,縮小根據方向而產生的色差。 According to the present embodiment, it is possible to reduce the chromatic aberration caused by the direction only with respect to a part of the angular section around the optical axis.
本發明的第1實施方式的變形實施方式的光學元件包括:入射面,其覆蓋配置於平面上的光源;以及射出面,其覆蓋 該入射面;且以來自該光源的光通過該入射面及該射出面後照射至外部的方式而構成。將通過該光源的中心且與該平面垂直的軸設為光軸,該入射面具有相對於周緣而該光軸附近凹陷的形狀,將該光軸與該入射面的交點設為O1,在包含該光軸且與該平面垂直的該光學元件的任意剖面上,將該入射面上的點P上的該入射面的法線相對於該光軸的角度設為φh,將該入射面上的點P的自點O1算起的該光軸方向上的距離設為z,以如下方式而構成該入射面,即,當使點P沿該入射面自點O1移動至該平面為止時,在30°<θr<90°的條件下,相對於z而言φh具有至少一個極大值及至少一個極小值。 An optical element according to a modified embodiment of the first embodiment of the present invention includes: an incident surface that covers a light source disposed on a plane; and an emitting surface that covers The incident surface is configured such that light from the light source passes through the incident surface and the emitting surface and is then irradiated to the outside. An axis passing through the center of the light source and perpendicular to the plane is an optical axis, and the incident surface has a shape recessed near the optical axis with respect to the peripheral edge, and an intersection of the optical axis and the incident surface is set to O1, and is included The optical axis and the arbitrary cross section of the optical element perpendicular to the plane, the angle of the normal of the incident surface at the point P on the incident surface with respect to the optical axis is φh, and the incident surface is The distance of the point P from the point O1 in the direction of the optical axis is z, and the incident surface is configured in such a manner that when the point P is moved from the point O1 to the plane along the incident surface, Under the condition of 30° < θr < 90°, φh has at least one maximum value and at least one minimum value with respect to z.
本實施方式的光學元件是以如下方式而構成入射面,即,當無極大值及無極小值時在相對於z而言φh的傾斜度為大致固定的範圍、即為30°<θr<90°的範圍的入射面的區域內,相對於z而言φh具有至少一個極大值及至少一個極小值,因此在與光源組合起來使用時,與無極大值及無極小值時相比較,來自光源的各點的光線根據該入射面上的 抵達位置而向各種方向折射。因此,可縮小根據自光學元件射出的光的方向而產生的色差。 The optical element of the present embodiment constitutes an incident surface in such a manner that when there is no maximum value and no minimum value, the inclination of φh with respect to z is a substantially constant range, that is, 30° < θr < 90 In the region of the incident surface of the range of °, φh has at least one maximum value and at least one minimum value with respect to z, and thus, when used in combination with the light source, is compared with the time when there is no maximum value and no minimum value. The light of each point is based on the incident surface Reach at various positions in various directions. Therefore, the chromatic aberration caused by the direction of the light emitted from the optical element can be reduced.
本發明的實施形態的光學元件如第1實施方式或其變形實施方式的光學元件,存在φh的差為10度以上的相鄰的極大值及極小值。 In the optical element according to the first embodiment or the modified embodiment, the optical element according to the first embodiment of the present invention has an adjacent maximum value and minimum value of φh of 10 degrees or more.
根據本實施形態,當與光源組合起來使用時,來自光源的各點的光線在該入射面上折射後的行進方向根據該入射面上的抵達位置而產生的變化程度大。因此,可縮小根據自光學元件射出的光的方向而產生的色差。 According to the present embodiment, when used in combination with the light source, the traveling direction of the light rays from the respective points of the light source on the incident surface is largely changed depending on the arrival position on the incident surface. Therefore, the chromatic aberration caused by the direction of the light emitted from the optical element can be reduced.
本發明的實施形態的光學元件如第1實施方式或其變形實施方式的光學元件,存在φh的差為20度以上的相鄰的極大值及極小值。 In the optical element according to the first embodiment or the modified embodiment, the optical element of the embodiment of the present invention has an adjacent maximum value and minimum value of φh of 20 degrees or more.
根據本實施形態,當與光源組合起來使用時,來自光源的各點的光線在該入射面上折射後的行進方向根據該入射面上的抵達位置而產生的變化程度大。因此,可縮小根據自光學元件射出的光的方向而產生的色差。 According to the present embodiment, when used in combination with the light source, the traveling direction of the light rays from the respective points of the light source on the incident surface is largely changed depending on the arrival position on the incident surface. Therefore, the chromatic aberration caused by the direction of the light emitted from the optical element can be reduced.
本發明的第2實施方式的光學元件包括:入射面,其覆蓋配置於平面上的光源;以及射出面,其覆蓋該入射面;且以來自該光源的光通過該入射面及該射出面後照射至外部的方式而構成。將通過該光源的中心且與該平面垂直的軸設為光軸,該入射面具有相對於周緣而該光軸附近凹陷的形狀,將該光軸與該入射面的交點設為O1,將該光軸與該平面的交點設為P0,在包含該光 軸且與該平面垂直的該光學元件的任意剖面上,將連結點P0和該入射面上的點P的直線與該光軸所成的角度設為θr,將行進方向與該光軸所成的角度設為θi,上述行進方向為自點P0行進至點P的光的光學元件內的方向,以如下方式而構成該入射面,即,當使點P沿該入射面自點O1移動至該平面為止時,相對於θr的θi具有至少一個極大值及至少一個極小值。 An optical element according to a second embodiment of the present invention includes: an incident surface that covers a light source disposed on a plane; and an emitting surface that covers the incident surface; and the light from the light source passes through the incident surface and the exit surface It is constructed by irradiating it to the outside. An axis passing through the center of the light source and perpendicular to the plane is an optical axis, and the incident surface has a shape recessed near the optical axis with respect to the peripheral edge, and an intersection of the optical axis and the incident surface is set to O1, and the The intersection of the optical axis and the plane is set to P0, and the light is included An arbitrary angle of the optical element perpendicular to the plane and the angle between the line connecting the point P0 and the point P on the incident surface to the optical axis is θr, and the traveling direction is formed by the optical axis. The angle is θi, and the traveling direction is a direction in the optical element of the light traveling from the point P0 to the point P, and the incident surface is configured as follows, that is, when the point P is moved from the point O1 to the incident surface Up to this plane, there is at least one maximum value and at least one minimum value with respect to θi of θr.
根據本實施方式的光學元件,以相對於θr的θi具有至少一個極大值及至少一個極小值的方式而構成入射面,因此當與光源組合起來使用時,來自光源的各點的光線根據該入射面上的抵達位置而向各種方向折射。因此,可縮小根據自光學元件射出的光的方向而產生的色差。 According to the optical element of the present embodiment, the incident surface is configured to have at least one maximum value and at least one minimum value with respect to θi of θr, and therefore, when used in combination with the light source, light rays from respective points of the light source are based on the incident light. The arrival position on the face is refracted in various directions. Therefore, the chromatic aberration caused by the direction of the light emitted from the optical element can be reduced.
本發明的實施形態的光學元件如第2實施方式的光學元件,該入射面為關於該光軸而旋轉對稱的形狀。 In the optical element according to the embodiment of the present invention, the optical element of the second embodiment has a shape in which the incident surface is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the optical axis.
本實施形態的光學元件可藉由射出成形等而容易地製造。 The optical element of the present embodiment can be easily produced by injection molding or the like.
本發明的實施形態的光學元件如第2實施方式的光學元件,將該光軸的周圍分割成多個角度區間,以該入射面在各個角度區間具有不同形狀的方式而構成該入射面。 In the optical element according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the optical element is divided into a plurality of angular sections around the optical axis, and the incident surface is formed such that the incident surface has a different shape in each angular section.
根據本實施形態,可在每個與光軸的周圍的角度區間相對應的方向上實現不同的光的分佈。 According to the present embodiment, different light distributions can be realized in a direction corresponding to each of the angular sections around the optical axis.
本發明的實施形態的光學元件如第2實施方式的光學元件,以如下方式而構成該入射面,即,僅在該多個角度區間的一 部分角度區間內,使點P沿該入射面自點O1移動至該平面為止時,相對於θr的θi具有至少一個極大值及至少一個極小值。 An optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention, as in the optical element of the second embodiment, constitutes the incident surface, that is, only one of the plurality of angular sections In the partial angular interval, when the point P moves from the point O1 to the plane along the incident surface, it has at least one maximum value and at least one minimum value with respect to θi of θr.
根據本實施形態,可僅關於光軸的周圍的一部分角度區間,縮小根據方向而產生的色差。 According to the present embodiment, it is possible to reduce the chromatic aberration caused by the direction only with respect to a part of the angular section around the optical axis.
本發明的實施形態的光學元件如第2實施方式的光學元件,以如下方式而構成該入射面,即,在30°<θr<90°的條件下,相對於θr的θi具有至少一個極大值及至少一個極小值。 The optical element according to the second embodiment of the present invention constitutes the incident surface, that is, at least one maximum value with respect to θi of θr under the condition of 30° < θr < 90°. And at least one minimum value.
本實施形態的光學元件是以如下方式而構成入射面,即,當無極大值及無極小值時在相對於θr的θi的傾斜度為大致固定的範圍、即為30°<θr<90°的範圍的入射面的區域內,相對於θr的θi具有至少一個極大值及至少一個極小值,因此當與光源組合起來使用時,與無極大值及無極小值時相比較,來自光源的各點的光線根據該入射面上的抵達位置而向各種方向折射。因此,可縮小根據自光學元件射出的光的方向而產生的色差。 The optical element of the present embodiment constitutes an incident surface in such a manner that when there is no maximum value and no minimum value, the inclination of θi with respect to θr is substantially fixed, that is, 30° < θr < 90°. In the region of the incident surface of the range, there is at least one maximum value and at least one minimum value with respect to θi of θr, so when used in combination with the light source, each of the light source is compared with when there is no maximum value and no minimum value. The light of the point is refracted in various directions according to the arrival position on the incident surface. Therefore, the chromatic aberration caused by the direction of the light emitted from the optical element can be reduced.
本發明的實施形態的光學元件如第2實施方式的光學元 件,存在θr的差為5度以上的相鄰的極大值及極小值。 An optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention is an optical element of the second embodiment There is an adjacent maximum value and minimum value in which the difference of θr is 5 degrees or more.
根據本實施形態,當與光源組合起來使用時,來自光源的各點的光線在該入射面上折射後的行進方向根據該入射面上的抵達位置而產生的變化程度大。因此,可縮小根據自光學元件射出的光的方向而產生的色差。 According to the present embodiment, when used in combination with the light source, the traveling direction of the light rays from the respective points of the light source on the incident surface is largely changed depending on the arrival position on the incident surface. Therefore, the chromatic aberration caused by the direction of the light emitted from the optical element can be reduced.
本發明的實施形態的光學元件如第2實施方式的光學元件,存在θr的差為10度以上的相鄰的極大值及極小值。 In the optical element according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the optical element of the second embodiment has an adjacent maximum value and a minimum value of θr of 10 degrees or more.
根據本實施形態,當與光源組合起來使用時,來自光源的各點的光線在該入射面上折射後的行進方向根據該入射面上的抵達位置而產生的變化程度大。因此,可縮小根據自光學元件射出的光的方向而產生的色差。 According to the present embodiment, when used in combination with the light source, the traveling direction of the light rays from the respective points of the light source on the incident surface is largely changed depending on the arrival position on the incident surface. Therefore, the chromatic aberration caused by the direction of the light emitted from the optical element can be reduced.
本發明的第3實施方式的照明單元包括:光源;以及如本發明的任一實施方式或任一實施形態的光學元件。 An illumination unit according to a third embodiment of the present invention includes: a light source; and an optical element according to any one or any of the embodiments of the present invention.
本實施方式的照明單元是使用本發明的任一實施方式或任一實施形態的光學元件,因此可縮小根據自光學元件射出的光的方向而產生的色差。 Since the illumination unit of the present embodiment is an optical element according to any of the embodiments of the present invention or any of the embodiments, the chromatic aberration caused by the direction of the light emitted from the optical element can be reduced.
100‧‧‧光學元件 100‧‧‧Optical components
101‧‧‧入射面 101‧‧‧Incoming surface
103‧‧‧射出面 103‧‧‧ shot surface
105‧‧‧光學元件100的與LED光源200相對向的面(底面) 105‧‧‧ Face of the optical element 100 opposite to the LED light source 200 (bottom surface)
200‧‧‧LED光源 200‧‧‧LED light source
201‧‧‧發光晶片 201‧‧‧Lighting chip
203‧‧‧螢光劑 203‧‧‧Fluorescent agent
205‧‧‧發光面 205‧‧‧Lighting surface
300‧‧‧面 300‧‧‧ face
400‧‧‧擴散板 400‧‧‧Diffuser
1031、1037、1051、1051A、1051B‧‧‧樹脂澆口 1031, 1037, 1051, 1051A, 1051B‧‧‧ resin gate
1033‧‧‧樹脂澆口痕跡 1033‧‧‧Resin gate traces
1035‧‧‧圓錐台形狀 1035‧‧‧French table shape
1039、1053‧‧‧擴散構造或擴散材料 1039, 1053‧‧‧Diffusion or diffusion materials
A‧‧‧藍色的光 A‧‧‧Blue light
B‧‧‧更長波長的光 B‧‧‧Longer wavelength light
AX‧‧‧軸(光軸、中心軸) AX‧‧‧ axis (optical axis, central axis)
O1‧‧‧光軸與入射面的交點(入射面101與中心軸AX的交點) O1‧‧‧ intersection of the optical axis and the incident surface (the intersection of the incident surface 101 and the central axis AX)
O2‧‧‧射出面103與中心軸AX的交點 O2‧‧‧ intersection of the exit surface 103 and the central axis AX
P0‧‧‧光軸與平面的交點(光源200的發光面205與中心軸AX的交點) P0‧‧‧ intersection of the optical axis and the plane (the intersection of the light-emitting surface 205 of the light source 200 and the central axis AX)
P1‧‧‧自發光晶片201的邊下引至發光面205的垂線的垂足 P1‧‧‧foot from the side of the light-emitting chip 201 to the perpendicular of the light-emitting surface 205
P2‧‧‧螢光劑的周緣的圓周上的點 P2‧‧‧ points on the circumference of the periphery of the phosphor
θi‧‧‧自點P0行進至點P的光的光學元件內的行進方向與光軸所成的角度(光線經入射面101折射後的光學元件100內的光線的行進方向與中心軸AX所成的角度) θi‧‧‧An angle formed by the traveling direction in the optical element of the light traveling from point P0 to point P to the optical axis (the traveling direction of the light in the optical element 100 refracted by the incident surface 101 and the central axis AX Angle of view)
θr‧‧‧連結點P0和入射面上的點P的直線與光軸所成的角度(自 點P0射出的光線的行進方向與中心軸AX所成的角度) θr‧‧‧An angle formed by the line connecting the point P0 and the point P on the incident surface to the optical axis (from The angle of travel of the light emitted by point P0 to the central axis AX)
θe‧‧‧光線經射出面折射後的行進方向與中心軸AX所成的角度 The angle between the direction of travel of the θe‧‧‧ ray refracted by the exit surface and the central axis AX
φh‧‧‧入射面101上的法線與中心軸AX所成的角度(入射面上的點P上的入射面的法線相對於光軸的角度) φh‧‧‧An angle formed by the normal line on the incident surface 101 and the central axis AX (the angle of the normal of the incident surface at the point P on the incident surface with respect to the optical axis)
圖1是表示與本發明的光學元件一併使用的LED光源的構成的一例的圖。 FIG. 1 is a view showing an example of a configuration of an LED light source used in combination with the optical element of the present invention.
圖2是用以擴散LED光源的光的本發明的一實施形態的光學元件的包含中心軸AX的剖面圖。 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention for diffusing light of an LED light source, including a central axis AX.
圖3是圖2的剖面圖中入射面的部分的放大圖。 Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the incident surface in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 2;
圖4是表示在面上配置有光源及光學元件的多個組的照明單元的構成的一例的圖。 4 is a view showing an example of a configuration of an illumination unit in which a plurality of groups of light sources and optical elements are arranged on a surface.
圖5是表示實施例1的光學元件的z與入射面上的法線和中心軸AX所成的角度φh的關係的圖。 Fig. 5 is a view showing a relationship between z of the optical element of the first embodiment and an angle φh between the normal line on the incident surface and the central axis AX.
圖6是表示實施例1的光學元件的θr與θi的關係的圖。 Fig. 6 is a view showing the relationship between θr and θi of the optical element of the first embodiment.
圖7是表示實施例1的光學元件的θr與θe的關係的圖。 Fig. 7 is a view showing the relationship between θr and θe of the optical element of the first embodiment.
圖8是表示使實施例1的光學元件組合至圖1所示的光源時的光的強度分佈的圖。 Fig. 8 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light when the optical element of the first embodiment is combined to the light source shown in Fig. 1;
圖9是表示使比較例1的光學元件組合至圖1所示的光源時的光的強度分佈的圖。 FIG. 9 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light when the optical element of Comparative Example 1 is combined to the light source shown in FIG. 1.
圖10是關於實施例1的光學元件,表示自圖3中的點P0射出的光線的強度分佈的圖。 Fig. 10 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light rays emitted from a point P0 in Fig. 3 with respect to the optical element of the first embodiment.
圖11是關於實施例1的光學元件,表示自圖3中的點P1射出的光線的強度分佈的圖。 Fig. 11 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light rays emitted from a point P1 in Fig. 3 with respect to the optical element of the first embodiment.
圖12是關於實施例1的光學元件,表示自圖3中的點P2射出的光線的強度分佈的圖。 Fig. 12 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light rays emitted from a point P2 in Fig. 3 with respect to the optical element of the first embodiment.
圖13是表示實施例2的光學元件的z與入射面上的法線和中心軸AX所成的角度φh的關係的圖。 Fig. 13 is a view showing the relationship between z of the optical element of the second embodiment and an angle φh between the normal line on the incident surface and the central axis AX.
圖14是表示實施例2的光學元件的θr與θi的關係的圖。 Fig. 14 is a view showing the relationship between θr and θi of the optical element of the second embodiment.
圖15是表示實施例2的光學元件的θr與θe的關係的圖。 Fig. 15 is a view showing the relationship between θr and θe of the optical element of the second embodiment.
圖16是表示使實施例2的光學元件組合至圖1所示的光源時 的光的強度分佈的圖。 Figure 16 is a view showing the combination of the optical element of the second embodiment to the light source shown in Figure 1 A diagram of the intensity distribution of light.
圖17是表示使比較例2的光學元件組合至圖1所示的光源時的光的強度分佈的圖。 17 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light when the optical element of Comparative Example 2 is combined to the light source shown in FIG. 1.
圖18是表示實施例3的光學元件的z與入射面上的法線和中心軸AX所成的角度φh的關係的圖。 Fig. 18 is a view showing the relationship between z of the optical element of the third embodiment and an angle φh between the normal line on the incident surface and the central axis AX.
圖19是表示實施例3的光學元件的θr與θi的關係的圖。 Fig. 19 is a view showing the relationship between θr and θi of the optical element of the third embodiment.
圖20是表示實施例3的光學元件的θr與θe的關係的圖。 Fig. 20 is a view showing the relationship between θr and θe of the optical element of the third embodiment.
圖21是表示使實施例3的光學元件組合至圖1所示的光源時的光的強度分佈的圖。 Fig. 21 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light when the optical element of the third embodiment is combined to the light source shown in Fig. 1;
圖22是表示使比較例3的光學元件組合至圖1所示的光源時的光的強度分佈的圖。 FIG. 22 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light when the optical element of Comparative Example 3 is combined to the light source shown in FIG. 1.
圖23是表示在光學元件的射出面的中心配置有樹脂澆口(gate)的情況的圖。 FIG. 23 is a view showing a state in which a resin gate is disposed at the center of the emitting surface of the optical element.
圖24是表示在光學元件的射出面的中心設置有圓錐台形狀,在該圓錐台形狀上配置有樹脂澆口的情況的圖。 FIG. 24 is a view showing a state in which a truncated cone shape is provided at the center of the emitting surface of the optical element, and a resin gate is disposed in the truncated cone shape.
圖25是表示在光學元件的底面上配置有1個樹脂澆口的情況的圖。 Fig. 25 is a view showing a state in which one resin gate is placed on the bottom surface of the optical element.
圖26是表示在光學元件的底面上配置有2個樹脂澆口的情況的圖。 Fig. 26 is a view showing a state in which two resin gates are arranged on the bottom surface of the optical element.
圖27是表示在射出面的周邊部分包含擴散構造或擴散材料的光學元件的構成的圖。 Fig. 27 is a view showing a configuration of an optical element including a diffusion structure or a diffusion material in a peripheral portion of an emission surface.
圖28是表示在底面上包含擴散構造或擴散材料的光學元件的 構成的圖。 Figure 28 is a view showing an optical element including a diffusion structure or a diffusion material on a bottom surface The composition of the figure.
圖1是表示與本發明的光學元件一併使用的LED光源200的構成的一例的圖。圖1之(a)是表示與LED光源200的發光面垂直的剖面的圖。圖1之(b)是LED光源200的平面圖。通常,大光量的白色LED光源包括:晶片,其發出藍色等短波長的光;以及螢光劑,其在接收到來自發光晶片的光時,發出綠色、黃色、紅色等更長波長的光。圖1中,在LED光源200的中心位置配置有藍色的發光晶片201,且覆蓋發光晶片201,而在較發光晶片201所佔的區域更大的區域內配置有螢光劑203。在圖1之(b)的平面圖中,發光晶片201是每邊為1.0mm的正方形,螢光劑203的形狀是直徑為3.0mm的圓形。藍色的光A是自位於中心附近的發光晶片201射出。更長波長的光B是自配置於包含LED光源的周邊部分的區域內的螢光劑射出。在具有如圖1所示的構成的LED光源中,射出藍色的光的位置與射出更長波長的光的位置不同。 FIG. 1 is a view showing an example of a configuration of an LED light source 200 used in combination with the optical element of the present invention. Fig. 1(a) is a view showing a cross section perpendicular to a light emitting surface of the LED light source 200. (b) of FIG. 1 is a plan view of the LED light source 200. Generally, a large amount of white LED light source includes: a wafer that emits light of a short wavelength such as blue; and a fluorescent agent that emits light of a longer wavelength such as green, yellow, red, etc. when receiving light from the light emitting wafer. . In FIG. 1, a blue light-emitting wafer 201 is disposed at a central position of the LED light source 200, and the light-emitting wafer 201 is covered, and a phosphor 203 is disposed in a region larger than a region occupied by the light-emitting wafer 201. In the plan view of (b) of Fig. 1, the light-emitting wafer 201 is a square of 1.0 mm on each side, and the shape of the phosphor 203 is a circle having a diameter of 3.0 mm. The blue light A is emitted from the light-emitting chip 201 located near the center. The longer wavelength light B is emitted from the phosphor disposed in the region including the peripheral portion of the LED light source. In the LED light source having the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the position at which blue light is emitted is different from the position at which light of a longer wavelength is emitted.
圖2是用以擴散LED光源200的光的本發明的一實施形態的光學元件100的包含中心軸AX的剖面圖。本實施形態的光學元件100具有關於中心軸AX而旋轉對稱的形狀。光學元件100的與LED光源200相對向的面105相對於周緣在中心軸AX附近具有凹陷,該凹陷的面形成入射面101。與LED光源200相對向的面105在本說明書中稱為底面105。光學元件100的入射面101及底面105以外的面形成射出面103。 2 is a cross-sectional view of the optical element 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention for diffusing light of the LED light source 200, including a central axis AX. The optical element 100 of the present embodiment has a shape that is rotationally symmetrical about the central axis AX. The face 105 of the optical element 100 facing the LED light source 200 has a recess near the central axis AX with respect to the peripheral edge, and the face of the recess forms the incident face 101. The face 105 facing the LED light source 200 is referred to as a bottom face 105 in this specification. An exit surface 103 is formed on a surface other than the incident surface 101 and the bottom surface 105 of the optical element 100.
光學元件100及LED光源200配置成光學元件100的中心軸AX通過LED光源200的中心,即,通過圖1之(b)中的圓的中心。此時,中心軸AX形成包含光學元件100及LED光源200的光學系統的光軸。 The optical element 100 and the LED light source 200 are arranged such that the central axis AX of the optical element 100 passes through the center of the LED light source 200, that is, through the center of the circle in (b) of FIG. At this time, the central axis AX forms an optical axis of the optical system including the optical element 100 and the LED light source 200.
自光源200射出的光經由入射面101進入至光學元件101,並自射出面103向外部射出。此時,自光源200射出的光在入射面101及射出面103的大部分上朝向遠離中心軸AX的方向折射,且其結果為被擴散。 The light emitted from the light source 200 enters the optical element 101 via the incident surface 101, and is emitted to the outside from the emitting surface 103. At this time, the light emitted from the light source 200 is refracted toward most of the incident surface 101 and the exit surface 103 in a direction away from the central axis AX, and as a result, is diffused.
在本實施形態中,LED光源200的面為平面,但光源的面不必為平面。本發明可適用於配置於平面上,且發出短波長的光的部分的位置與發出長波長的光的部分的位置不同的任意光源。 In the present embodiment, the surface of the LED light source 200 is a flat surface, but the surface of the light source does not have to be a flat surface. The present invention is applicable to any light source that is disposed on a plane and that emits a portion of light of a short wavelength and a position of a portion that emits light of a long wavelength.
圖3是圖2的剖面圖中入射面的部分的放大圖。將光源200的發光面205與中心軸AX的交點設為點P0。將自點P0射出的光線的行進方向與中心軸AX所成的角度設為θr,將該光線經入射面101折射後的光學元件100內的光線的行進方向與中心軸AX所成的角度設為θi。此外,將該光線經射出面折射後的行進方向與中心軸AX所成的角度設為θe(圖2)。在圖3中,將自發光晶片201的邊下引至發光面205的垂線的垂足設為P1,將螢光劑的端部的點,即,將圖1之(b)的螢光劑的周緣的圓周上的點設為P2。 Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the incident surface in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 2; The intersection of the light-emitting surface 205 of the light source 200 and the central axis AX is defined as a point P0. The angle between the traveling direction of the light emitted from the point P0 and the central axis AX is θr, and the angle of travel of the light in the optical element 100 refracted by the incident surface 101 with the central axis AX is set. Is θi. Further, the angle between the traveling direction in which the light is refracted through the exit surface and the central axis AX is θe (Fig. 2). In FIG. 3, the foot of the vertical line leading from the side of the light-emitting chip 201 to the light-emitting surface 205 is set to P1, and the point of the end of the phosphor, that is, the phosphor of FIG. 1(b) is used. The point on the circumference of the circumference is set to P2.
入射面101是以如下方式來確定:關於自點P0以規定 的範圍的θr射出的光線,滿足θr≦θi。 The incident surface 101 is determined in such a manner as to be specified from the point P0. The ray of the range θr emits light, satisfying θr ≦ θi.
在圖3中,規定的範圍是0度至約20度的範圍。又,在上述範圍內,隨著角度θr增加,角度θi單調增加。 In FIG. 3, the prescribed range is a range of 0 degrees to about 20 degrees. Further, within the above range, as the angle θr increases, the angle θi monotonously increases.
射出面103是以如下方式來確定:關於以上述範圍的角度θr射出的光線,滿足θi≦θe。 The exit surface 103 is determined in such a manner that the light ray emitted at the angle θr in the above range satisfies θi ≦ θe.
射出面的中心軸AX附近的形狀既不限定於凸面,亦不限定於凹面,凹面、凸面、平面中的任一者均可。在透鏡內部不產生全反射的射出面形狀亦較佳。此時,將光學元件的折射率設為n,光學元件內的光線角度與射出面的法線的角度φ滿足如下條件:φ<sin-1(1/n)。 The shape in the vicinity of the central axis AX of the emitting surface is not limited to the convex surface, and is not limited to the concave surface, and may be any of a concave surface, a convex surface, and a flat surface. The shape of the exit surface which does not cause total reflection inside the lens is also preferable. At this time, the refractive index of the optical element is n, and the angle φ of the ray angle in the optical element and the normal to the exit surface satisfies the following condition: φ < sin -1 (1/n).
又,在圖3中,將入射面101上的法線與中心軸AX所成的角度設為φh。角度φh是以圖3的向下的方向為基準。即,在入射面101的頂點,φh=180度。 Further, in Fig. 3, the angle formed by the normal line on the incident surface 101 and the central axis AX is φh. The angle φh is based on the downward direction of FIG. That is, at the apex of the incident surface 101, φh = 180 degrees.
在自點P0以0度至約20度的範圍的角度θr射出的光所抵達的入射面101的區域內,隨著角度θr增加,角度φh單調減少。在自點P0以超過約20度的角度θr射出的光所抵達的入射面101的區域內,隨著角度θr增加,角度φh反覆地增加及減少。在本說明書中將該入射面100的區域亦稱為入射面的擴散區域。關於入射面101的擴散區域的形狀,後文將詳細說明。 In the region of the incident surface 101 from which the light emitted from the angle θr of the range of 0 degrees to about 20 degrees reaches the point P0, the angle φh monotonously decreases as the angle θr increases. In the region of the incident surface 101 from which the light emitted from the point P0 at an angle θr exceeding about 20 degrees reaches, the angle φh repeatedly increases and decreases as the angle θr increases. In the present specification, the region of the incident surface 100 is also referred to as the diffusion region of the incident surface. The shape of the diffusion region of the incident surface 101 will be described later in detail.
圖4是表示將光源200及光學元件100的多個組配置於面300上的照明單元的構成的一例的圖。照明單元更包括擴散板400。可藉由照明單元而均勻地照射前方(圖4的上側)。 4 is a view showing an example of a configuration of an illumination unit in which a plurality of groups of the light source 200 and the optical element 100 are disposed on the surface 300. The lighting unit further includes a diffuser panel 400. The front side (upper side of FIG. 4) can be uniformly illuminated by the illumination unit.
以下,說明本發明的光學元件的實施例及比較例。實施例及比較例的光學元件的材料為聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethyl methacrylate,PMMA),折射率為1.492(d射線,587.56nm),阿貝數(Abbe number)為56.77(d射線,587.56nm)。又,在實施例及比較例中,長度的單位只要無其他記載即為毫米(millimeter)。 Hereinafter, examples and comparative examples of the optical element of the present invention will be described. The materials of the optical elements of the examples and the comparative examples were polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) having a refractive index of 1.492 (d-ray, 587.56 nm) and an Abbe number of 56.77 (d-ray, 587.56). Nm). Further, in the examples and comparative examples, the unit of the length is millimeter unless otherwise described.
實施例1 Example 1
在圖2中,將入射面101與中心軸AX的交點的座標設為O1,且將射出面103與中心軸AX的交點的座標設為O2。 In FIG. 2, the coordinate of the intersection of the incident surface 101 and the central axis AX is O1, and the coordinate of the intersection of the emitting surface 103 and the central axis AX is O2.
在本實施例中,P0與O2的距離T為T=5.752mm,P0與O1的距離h為 h=4.400mm。 In this embodiment, the distance T between P0 and O2 is T=5.752 mm, and the distance h between P0 and O1 is h = 4.400 mm.
當用z表示以O1為基準的中心軸AX方向的距離時,在0≦z≦1.5mm的範圍內,入射面101的形狀可用下式表示。 When the distance in the direction of the central axis AX with respect to O1 is represented by z, the shape of the incident surface 101 can be expressed by the following formula in the range of 0 ≦ z ≦ 1.5 mm.
此處,r為自中心軸AX算起的距離,c為曲率,R為曲率半徑,k為圓錐係數(conic coefficient),Ai為非球面係數。 Here, r is the distance from the central axis AX, c is the curvature, R is the radius of curvature, k is the conic coefficient, and A i is the aspherical coefficient.
表1是表示式(1)的係數的數值的表,該式(1)表示實施例1的入射面的形狀。 Table 1 is a table showing the numerical values of the coefficients of the formula (1), and the formula (1) shows the shape of the incident surface of the first embodiment.
自z=1.5mm至面105為止的入射面101的區域,即入射面的擴散區域的形狀可藉由以下點群的三次樣條(cubic spline)曲線來表示。所謂三次樣條曲線,是通過所給出的多個點的光滑曲線,且對於相鄰的點所夾的各區間,使用在所有的點上為連續的個別的三次多項式。 The area of the incident surface 101 from z = 1.5 mm to the surface 105, that is, the shape of the diffusion area of the incident surface can be represented by a cubic spline curve of the following point group. The so-called cubic spline curve is a smooth curve passing through a plurality of points given, and for each interval sandwiched by adjacent points, an individual cubic polynomial which is continuous at all points is used.
表2是表示上述點群的表。 Table 2 is a table showing the above point group.
圖5是表示實施例1的光學元件的入射面101的z與入射面101上的法線和中心軸AX所成的角度φh的關係的圖。圖5的橫軸表示z,縱軸表示φh。根據圖5,在z為1.5mm以下的範圍內,隨著z增加,φh單調減少。在z超過1.5mm的範圍內,隨著z增加,φh反覆地增加及減少。換言之,在z超過1.5mm的範圍內,z的函數φh具有極大值及極小值。 5 is a view showing a relationship between z of the incident surface 101 of the optical element of the first embodiment and an angle φh between the normal line on the incident surface 101 and the central axis AX. The horizontal axis of Fig. 5 represents z, and the vertical axis represents φh. According to Fig. 5, in the range where z is 1.5 mm or less, φh monotonously decreases as z increases. In the range where z exceeds 1.5 mm, φh repeatedly increases and decreases as z increases. In other words, in the range where z exceeds 1.5 mm, the function φh of z has a maximum value and a minimum value.
在圖5中,具體而言,關於φh,存在6個極大值與6個極小值。再者,極小值附近的φh的偏差已忽視。相鄰的極大值與極小值的φh的差為約30度。 In Fig. 5, specifically, regarding φh, there are 6 maximum values and 6 minimum values. Furthermore, the deviation of φh near the minimum value has been ignored. The difference between the adjacent maximum value and the minimum value φh is about 30 degrees.
若用z表示以O2為基準的中心軸AX方向的距離,則射出面103的中心軸AX附近的形狀為來自光源的光線不藉由射出面而全反射的形狀,可用以下的數式表示。 When z is a distance in the direction of the central axis AX with respect to O2, the shape near the central axis AX of the emitting surface 103 is a shape in which the light from the light source is totally reflected by the emitting surface, and can be expressed by the following formula.
此處,r為自中心軸AX算起的距離,c為曲率,R為曲率半徑,k為圓錐係數,Ai為非球面係數。 Here, r is the distance from the central axis AX, c is the curvature, R is the radius of curvature, k is the conic coefficient, and Ai is the aspherical coefficient.
表3是表示式(2)係數的數值的表,該式(2)表示實施例1的射出面的形狀。 Table 3 is a table showing the numerical values of the coefficients of the formula (2), and the formula (2) shows the shape of the exit surface of the first embodiment.
圖6是表示實施例1的光學元件的θr與入射面上的θi 的關係的圖。圖6的橫軸表示θr,縱軸表示θi。在θr為約30度以下的範圍內,隨著θr增加,θi單調增加。在θr超過約30度的範圍內,隨著θr增加,θi一面反覆地增加及減少,一面進行增加。換言之,在θr超過30度的範圍內,θr的函數θi具有極大值及極小值。 Figure 6 is a graph showing θr of the optical element of Example 1 and θi on the incident surface. Diagram of the relationship. The horizontal axis of Fig. 6 represents θr, and the vertical axis represents θi. In the range where θr is about 30 degrees or less, θi monotonously increases as θr increases. In the range where θr exceeds about 30 degrees, as θr increases, θi gradually increases and decreases while increasing. In other words, in the range where θr exceeds 30 degrees, the function θi of θr has a maximum value and a minimum value.
在圖6中,具體而言,在θr為約30度至90度的範圍內,關於θi,存在6個極大值與6個極小值。再者,極大值附近的θi的值的偏差已忽視。相鄰的極大值與極小值的θi的差為約15度。 In Fig. 6, specifically, in the range where θr is about 30 to 90 degrees, there are 6 maxima and 6 minima with respect to θi. Furthermore, the deviation of the value of θi near the maximum value has been ignored. The difference between the adjacent maximum value and the minimum value θi is about 15 degrees.
圖7是表示實施例1的光學元件的θr與射出面上的θe的關係的圖。圖7的橫軸表示θr,縱軸表示θe。在θr為約30度以下的範圍內,隨著θr增加,θe單調增加。在θr超過約30度的範圍內,隨著θr增加,θe的峰-峰值(peak to peak)一面以約10度的幅度反覆地增加及減少,一面進行增加。換言之,在θr超過約30度的範圍內,θr的函數θe具有極大值及極小值。 Fig. 7 is a view showing the relationship between θr of the optical element of Example 1 and θe on the emission surface. The horizontal axis of Fig. 7 represents θr, and the vertical axis represents θe. In the range where θr is about 30 degrees or less, θe monotonously increases as θr increases. In the range where θr exceeds about 30 degrees, as θr increases, the peak to peak of θe increases and decreases repeatedly by about 10 degrees, and increases. In other words, in the range where θr exceeds about 30 degrees, the function θe of θr has a maximum value and a minimum value.
比較例1 Comparative example 1
在本比較例中,P0與O2的距離T為T=5.752mm,P0與O1的距離h為h=4.400mm。 In this comparative example, the distance T between P0 and O2 is T = 5.752 mm, and the distance h between P0 and O1 is h = 4.400 mm.
若用z表示以O1為基準的中心軸AX方向的距離,則入射面的形狀可用式(1)表示。又,式(1)的係數的值為表1的值。即,比較例1的入射面的形狀在z為1.5mm以下的範圍內,與實施例1的入射面的形狀相同,且即便在z超過1.5mm的範圍內,z的函數φh亦不具有極大值及極小值,而隨著z增加,φh單調減少。換言之,比較例1的光學元件的入射面與實施例1的入射面的不同點在於,不包含入射面的擴散區域。 If z is the distance in the direction of the central axis AX with respect to O1, the shape of the incident surface can be expressed by the formula (1). Further, the value of the coefficient of the formula (1) is the value of Table 1. That is, the shape of the incident surface of Comparative Example 1 is in the range of z of 1.5 mm or less, and is the same as the shape of the incident surface of the first embodiment, and the function φh of z is not extremely large even in the range where z exceeds 1.5 mm. The value and the minimum value, and as z increases, φh monotonically decreases. In other words, the incident surface of the optical element of Comparative Example 1 is different from the incident surface of the first embodiment in that it does not include a diffusion region of the incident surface.
若用z表示以O2為基準的中心軸AX方向的距離,則射出面的中心軸AX附近的形狀為來自光源的光線不藉由射出面而全反射的形狀,可用式(2)表示。又,式(2)的係數的值為表3的值。即,比較例1的射出面具有與實施例1的射出面相同的形狀。 When z is a distance in the direction of the central axis AX with respect to O2, the shape near the central axis AX of the emitting surface is a shape in which the light from the light source is totally reflected by the emitting surface, and can be expressed by the formula (2). Further, the value of the coefficient of the formula (2) is the value of Table 3. That is, the emission surface of Comparative Example 1 has the same shape as the emission surface of the first embodiment.
實施例1與比較例1的性能比較 Comparison of performance between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1
藉由比較使實施例1及比較例1的光學元件組合至圖1所示的光源時的光的分佈,來比較實施例與比較例1的性能。 The performance of Examples and Comparative Example 1 was compared by comparing the distribution of light when the optical elements of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were combined to the light source shown in Fig. 1.
圖8是表示使實施例1的光學元件組合至圖1所示的光源時的光的強度分佈的圖。圖8的橫軸表示與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向。圖8的縱軸表示向與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向射出的光的強度的相對值。圖8的實線表示波長未達500奈米的光(短波長側的光)的相對強度。相對強度將最大值設為100%來表示。圖8的虛線表示波長為500奈米以上的光(長波長 側的光)的相對強度。相對強度是將最大值設為100%來表示。 Fig. 8 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light when the optical element of the first embodiment is combined to the light source shown in Fig. 1; The horizontal axis of Fig. 8 indicates the direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The vertical axis of Fig. 8 indicates the relative value of the intensity of light emitted in a direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The solid line in Fig. 8 indicates the relative intensity of light having a wavelength of less than 500 nm (light on the short-wavelength side). The relative intensity is expressed by setting the maximum value to 100%. The dotted line in Fig. 8 indicates light having a wavelength of 500 nm or more (long wavelength The relative intensity of the side light). The relative intensity is expressed by setting the maximum value to 100%.
圖9是表示使比較例1的光學元件組合至圖1所示的光源時的光的強度分佈的圖。圖9的橫軸表示與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向。圖9的縱軸表示向與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向射出的光的強度的相對值。圖9的實線表示波長未達500奈米的光(短波長側的光)的相對強度。相對強度是將最大值設為100%來表示。圖9的虛線表示波長為500奈米以上的光(長波長側的光)的相對強度。相對強度是將最大值設為100%來表示。 FIG. 9 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light when the optical element of Comparative Example 1 is combined to the light source shown in FIG. 1. The horizontal axis of Fig. 9 indicates the direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The vertical axis of Fig. 9 indicates the relative value of the intensity of light emitted in a direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The solid line in Fig. 9 indicates the relative intensity of light having a wavelength of less than 500 nm (light on the short-wavelength side). The relative intensity is expressed by setting the maximum value to 100%. The broken line in Fig. 9 indicates the relative intensity of light having a wavelength of 500 nm or more (light on the long wavelength side). The relative intensity is expressed by setting the maximum value to 100%.
若比較圖8與圖9,則關於比較例1的圖9中,短波長側的光的強度與長波長側的光的強度的差較大。特別是在θ為60度附近,兩者的差較大。若兩者的差大,則會產生色差。例如,如圖9所示,在θ為60度附近,長波長側的強度大時,在θ為60度附近,紅度增強。 Comparing Fig. 8 with Fig. 9, in Fig. 9 of Comparative Example 1, the difference between the intensity of light on the short-wavelength side and the intensity of light on the long-wavelength side is large. In particular, when θ is around 60 degrees, the difference between the two is large. If the difference between the two is large, a chromatic aberration will occur. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, when the intensity on the long wavelength side is large in the vicinity of θ of 60 degrees, the redness is enhanced in the vicinity of θ of 60 degrees.
如上所述,實施例1的光學元件與比較例1的光學元件相比較,可抑制色差產生。 As described above, the optical element of Example 1 can suppress the occurrence of chromatic aberration as compared with the optical element of Comparative Example 1.
圖10是關於實施例1的光學元件,表示自圖3中的點P0射出的光線的強度分佈的圖。點P0是光源200的發光面205與中心軸AX的交點。圖10的橫軸表示與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向。圖10的縱軸表示向與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向射出的光的強度的相對值。實線表示實施例1的強度分佈,虛線表示比較例1的強度分佈。強度的相對值是將實施例1及比較例1的強度的最大值設為100%來表示。 Fig. 10 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light rays emitted from a point P0 in Fig. 3 with respect to the optical element of the first embodiment. Point P0 is the intersection of the light emitting surface 205 of the light source 200 and the central axis AX. The horizontal axis of Fig. 10 indicates the direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The vertical axis of Fig. 10 indicates the relative value of the intensity of light emitted in a direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The solid line indicates the intensity distribution of Example 1, and the broken line indicates the intensity distribution of Comparative Example 1. The relative value of the intensity was expressed by setting the maximum value of the strength of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 to 100%.
圖11是關於實施例1的光學元件,表示自圖3中的點P1射出的光線的強度分佈的圖。點P1是自發光晶片201的邊下引至發光面205的垂線的垂足。圖11的橫軸表示與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向。圖11的縱軸表示向與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向射出的光的強度的相對值。圖11中的實線表示實施例1的強度分佈,虛線表示比較例1的強度分佈。強度的相對值是將實施例1及比較例1的強度的最大值設為100%來表示。 Fig. 11 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light rays emitted from a point P1 in Fig. 3 with respect to the optical element of the first embodiment. The point P1 is a foot that leads from the side of the light-emitting chip 201 to the perpendicular of the light-emitting surface 205. The horizontal axis of Fig. 11 indicates the direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The vertical axis of Fig. 11 indicates the relative value of the intensity of light emitted in a direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The solid line in Fig. 11 indicates the intensity distribution of Example 1, and the broken line indicates the intensity distribution of Comparative Example 1. The relative value of the intensity was expressed by setting the maximum value of the strength of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 to 100%.
圖12是關於實施例1的光學元件,表示自圖3中的點P2射出的光線的強度分佈的圖。點P2是螢光劑的周緣的圓周上的點。圖11的橫軸表示與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向。圖12的縱軸表示向與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向射出的光的強度的相對值。圖12中的實線表示實施例1的強度分佈,虛線表示比較例1的強度分佈。強度的相對值是將實施例1及比較例1的強度的最大值設為100%來表示。 Fig. 12 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light rays emitted from a point P2 in Fig. 3 with respect to the optical element of the first embodiment. Point P2 is a point on the circumference of the periphery of the phosphor. The horizontal axis of Fig. 11 indicates the direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The vertical axis of Fig. 12 indicates the relative value of the intensity of light emitted in a direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The solid line in Fig. 12 indicates the intensity distribution of Example 1, and the broken line indicates the intensity distribution of Comparative Example 1. The relative value of the intensity was expressed by setting the maximum value of the strength of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 to 100%.
在圖10至圖12中,若比較自P0、P1以及P2射出的光線,則在各情況下,實施例1的光線較比較例1的光線分佈於更大的範圍。圖8及圖9的作為對象的光是使來自光源面上的各種點的光線組合而成的光。因此,自各種點射出的光線分佈於更大範圍的實施例1的情況下,更難以受到由光源面上的位置的差所帶來的光的色差的影響。 In FIGS. 10 to 12, when light rays emitted from P0, P1, and P2 are compared, the light rays of Example 1 are distributed over a larger range than the light of Comparative Example 1 in each case. The light to be used in FIGS. 8 and 9 is light in which light rays from various points on the light source surface are combined. Therefore, in the case where the light emitted from various points is distributed over a wider range of Embodiment 1, it is more difficult to be affected by the chromatic aberration of light caused by the difference in position on the light source surface.
實施例2 Example 2
在圖2中,將入射面101與中心軸AX的交點的座標設為O1, 且將射出面103與中心軸AX的交點的座標設為O2。 In FIG. 2, the coordinate of the intersection of the incident surface 101 and the central axis AX is set to O1, Further, the coordinate of the intersection of the emitting surface 103 and the central axis AX is set to O2.
在本實施例中,P0與O2的距離T為T=5.513mm,P0與O1的距離h為h=3.569mm。 In the present embodiment, the distance T between P0 and O2 is T = 5.513 mm, and the distance h between P0 and O1 is h = 3.569 mm.
若用z表示以O1為基準的中心軸AX方向的距離,則在0≦z≦2.689mm的範圍內,入射面101的形狀可用下式表示。 If z is the distance in the direction of the central axis AX with respect to O1, the shape of the incident surface 101 can be expressed by the following equation in the range of 0≦z ≦ 2.689 mm.
此處,r為自中心軸AX算起的距離,c為曲率,R為曲率半徑,k為圓錐係數,Ai為非球面係數。 Here, r is the distance from the central axis AX, c is the curvature, R is the radius of curvature, k is the conic coefficient, and A i is the aspheric coefficient.
表4是表示式(1)的係數的數值的表,該式(1)表示 實施例2的入射面的形狀。 Table 4 is a table showing the numerical values of the coefficients of the formula (1), and the formula (1) represents The shape of the incident surface of Example 2.
自z=2.689mm至面105為止的入射面101的區域,即入射面的擴散區域的形狀可用以下點群的三次樣條曲線來表示。所謂三次樣條曲線,是通過所給出的多個點的光滑曲線,且對於相鄰的點所夾的各區間,使用在所有的點上為連續的個別的三次多項式。 The area of the incident surface 101 from z = 2.689 mm to the surface 105, that is, the shape of the diffusion area of the incident surface can be expressed by a cubic spline curve of the following point group. The so-called cubic spline curve is a smooth curve passing through a plurality of points given, and for each interval sandwiched by adjacent points, an individual cubic polynomial which is continuous at all points is used.
表5是表示上述點群的表。 Table 5 is a table showing the above point group.
圖13是表示實施例2的光學元件的入射面101的z與入射面101上的法線和中心軸AX所成的角度φh的關係的圖。圖13的橫軸表示z,縱軸表示φh。根據圖13,在z為2.689mm以下的範圍內,隨著z增加,φh單調減少。在z超過2.689mm的範圍內,隨著z增加,φh反覆地增加及減少。換言之,在z超過2.689mm的範圍內,z的函數φh具有極大值及極小值。 Fig. 13 is a view showing a relationship between z of the incident surface 101 of the optical element of the second embodiment and an angle φh between the normal line on the incident surface 101 and the central axis AX. The horizontal axis of Fig. 13 represents z, and the vertical axis represents φh. According to Fig. 13, in the range where z is 2.689 mm or less, φh monotonously decreases as z increases. In the range where z exceeds 2.689 mm, φh repeatedly increases and decreases as z increases. In other words, in the range where z exceeds 2.689 mm, the function φh of z has a maximum value and a minimum value.
在圖13中,具體而言,關於φh,存在3個極大值與3個極小值。再者,極小值附近的φh的偏差已忽視。相鄰的極大值與極小值的φh的差為約30度。 In Fig. 13, specifically, regarding φh, there are three maximum values and three minimum values. Furthermore, the deviation of φh near the minimum value has been ignored. The difference between the adjacent maximum value and the minimum value φh is about 30 degrees.
若用z表示以O2為基準的中心軸AX方向的距離,則射出面103的中心軸AX附近的形狀為來自光源的光線不藉由射出面而全反射的形狀,可用以下的數式表示。 When z is a distance in the direction of the central axis AX with respect to O2, the shape near the central axis AX of the emitting surface 103 is a shape in which the light from the light source is totally reflected by the emitting surface, and can be expressed by the following formula.
此處,r為自中心軸AX算起的距離,c為曲率,R為曲率半徑,k為圓錐係數,Ai為非球面係數。 Here, r is the distance from the central axis AX, c is the curvature, R is the radius of curvature, k is the conic coefficient, and A i is the aspheric coefficient.
表6是表示式(2)的係數的數值的表,該式(2)表示實施例2的射出面的形狀。 Table 6 is a table showing the numerical values of the coefficients of the formula (2), and the formula (2) shows the shape of the exit surface of the second embodiment.
圖14是表示實施例2的光學元件的θr與θi的關係的圖。圖14的橫軸表示θr,縱軸表示θi。在θr為約55度以下的範圍內,隨著θr增加,θi單調增加。在θr超過約55度的範圍內,隨著θr增加,θi一面反覆地增加及減少,一面進行增加。換言之,在θr超過約55度的範圍內,θr的函數θi具有極大值及極小值。 Fig. 14 is a view showing the relationship between θr and θi of the optical element of the second embodiment. The horizontal axis of Fig. 14 represents θr, and the vertical axis represents θi. In the range where θr is about 55 degrees or less, θi monotonously increases as θr increases. In the range where θr exceeds about 55 degrees, as θr increases, θi gradually increases and decreases while increasing. In other words, in the range where θr exceeds about 55 degrees, the function θi of θr has a maximum value and a minimum value.
在圖14中,具體而言,在θr為約55度至90度的範圍內,關於θi,存在3個極大值與3個極小值。再者,極大值附近的θi的值的偏差已忽視。相鄰的極大值與極小值的θi的差為約15度。 In Fig. 14, specifically, in the range of θr of about 55 to 90 degrees, there are three maximum values and three minimum values with respect to θi. Furthermore, the deviation of the value of θi near the maximum value has been ignored. The difference between the adjacent maximum value and the minimum value θi is about 15 degrees.
圖15是表示實施例2的光學元件的θr與θe的關係的圖。圖15的橫軸表示θr,縱軸表示θe。在θr為約55度以下的範圍內,隨著θr增加,θe單調增加。在θr超過約55度的範圍內,隨著θr增加,θe的峰-峰值一面以最大約15度的幅度反覆地增加及減少,一面進行增加。換言之,在θr超過約55度的範圍內,θr的函數θe具有極大值及極小值。 Fig. 15 is a view showing the relationship between θr and θe of the optical element of the second embodiment. The horizontal axis of Fig. 15 represents θr, and the vertical axis represents θe. In the range where θr is about 55 degrees or less, θe monotonously increases as θr increases. In the range where θr exceeds about 55 degrees, as θr increases, the peak-to-peak side of θe increases and decreases repeatedly by a maximum of about 15 degrees, and increases. In other words, in the range where θr exceeds about 55 degrees, the function θe of θr has a maximum value and a minimum value.
比較例2 Comparative example 2
在本比較例中,P0與O2的距離T為T=5.513mm,P0與O1的距離h為h=3.569mm。 In this comparative example, the distance T between P0 and O2 is T = 5.513 mm, and the distance h between P0 and O1 is h = 3.569 mm.
若用z表示以O1為基準的中心軸AX方向的距離,則入射面的形狀可用式(1)表示。又,式(1)的係數的值為表4的值。即,比較例2的入射面的形狀在z為2.689mm以下的範圍 內,與實施例1的入射面的形狀相同,且即便在z超過2.689mm的範圍內,z的函數φh亦不具有極大值及極小值,而隨著z增加,φh單調減少。換言之,比較例2的入射面與實施例2的入射面的不同點在於,不具有入射面的擴散區域。 If z is the distance in the direction of the central axis AX with respect to O1, the shape of the incident surface can be expressed by the formula (1). Further, the value of the coefficient of the formula (1) is the value of Table 4. That is, the shape of the incident surface of Comparative Example 2 is in the range where z is 2.689 mm or less. The shape of the incident surface of the first embodiment is the same, and even if z is in the range of 2.689 mm, the function φh of z does not have a maximum value and a minimum value, and as z increases, φh monotonously decreases. In other words, the incident surface of Comparative Example 2 differs from the incident surface of the second embodiment in that it does not have a diffusing region of the incident surface.
若用z表示以O2為基準的中心軸AX方向的距離,則射出面的中心軸AX附近的形狀為來自光源的光線不藉由射出面而全反射的形狀,可用式(2)表示。又,式(2)的係數的值為表6的值。即,比較例2的射出面具有與實施例2的射出面相同的形狀。 When z is a distance in the direction of the central axis AX with respect to O2, the shape near the central axis AX of the emitting surface is a shape in which the light from the light source is totally reflected by the emitting surface, and can be expressed by the formula (2). Further, the value of the coefficient of the formula (2) is the value of Table 6. That is, the emission surface of Comparative Example 2 had the same shape as the emission surface of Example 2.
實施例2與比較例2的性能比較 Comparison of performance between Example 2 and Comparative Example 2
藉由比較使實施例2及比較例2的光學元件組合至圖1所示的光源時的光的分佈,來比較實施例2與比較例2的性能。 The performance of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 was compared by comparing the distribution of light when the optical elements of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 were combined to the light source shown in Fig. 1.
圖16是表示使實施例2的光學元件組合至圖1所示的光源時的光的強度分佈的圖。圖16的橫軸表示與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向。圖16的縱軸表示向與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向射出的光的強度的相對值。圖16的實線表示波長未達500奈米的光(短波長側的光)的相對強度。相對強度是將最大值設為100%來表示。圖16的虛線表示波長為500奈米以上的光(長波長側的光)的相對強度。相對強度是將最大值設為100%來表示。 Fig. 16 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light when the optical element of the second embodiment is combined to the light source shown in Fig. 1; The horizontal axis of Fig. 16 indicates the direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The vertical axis of Fig. 16 indicates the relative value of the intensity of light emitted in a direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The solid line in Fig. 16 indicates the relative intensity of light having a wavelength of less than 500 nm (light on the short-wavelength side). The relative intensity is expressed by setting the maximum value to 100%. The broken line in Fig. 16 indicates the relative intensity of light having a wavelength of 500 nm or more (light on the long wavelength side). The relative intensity is expressed by setting the maximum value to 100%.
圖17是表示使比較例2的光學元件組合至圖1所示的光源時的光的強度分佈的圖。圖17的橫軸表示與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向。圖17的縱軸表示向與中心軸AX所成的角度 為θ的方向射出的光的強度的相對值。圖17的實線表示波長未達500奈米的光(短波長側的光)的相對強度。相對強度是將最大值設為100%來表示。圖17的虛線表示波長為500奈米以上的光(長波長側的光)的相對強度。相對強度是將最大值設為100%來表示。 17 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light when the optical element of Comparative Example 2 is combined to the light source shown in FIG. 1. The horizontal axis of Fig. 17 indicates the direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The vertical axis of Fig. 17 indicates the angle to the central axis AX The relative value of the intensity of the light emitted in the direction of θ. The solid line in Fig. 17 indicates the relative intensity of light having a wavelength of less than 500 nm (light on the short-wavelength side). The relative intensity is expressed by setting the maximum value to 100%. The broken line in Fig. 17 indicates the relative intensity of light having a wavelength of 500 nm or more (light on the long wavelength side). The relative intensity is expressed by setting the maximum value to 100%.
若比較圖16與圖17,則關於比較例2的圖17中,短波長側的光的強度與長波長側的光的強度的差較大。特別是在θ為60度附近,兩者的差較大。若兩者的差大,則會產生色差。例如,如圖17所示,在θ為60度附近,長波長側的強度大時,在θ為60度附近,紅度增強。 Comparing Fig. 16 with Fig. 17, in Fig. 17 of Comparative Example 2, the difference between the intensity of light on the short-wavelength side and the intensity of light on the long-wavelength side is large. In particular, when θ is around 60 degrees, the difference between the two is large. If the difference between the two is large, a chromatic aberration will occur. For example, as shown in FIG. 17, when the intensity on the long wavelength side is large in the vicinity of θ of 60 degrees, the redness is enhanced in the vicinity of θ of 60 degrees.
如上所述,實施例2的光學元件與比較例2的光學元件相比較,可抑制色差產生。 As described above, the optical element of Example 2 can suppress the occurrence of chromatic aberration as compared with the optical element of Comparative Example 2.
實施例3 Example 3
在圖2中,將入射面101與中心軸AX的交點的座標設為O1,且將射出面103與中心軸AX的交點的座標設為O2。 In FIG. 2, the coordinate of the intersection of the incident surface 101 and the central axis AX is O1, and the coordinate of the intersection of the emitting surface 103 and the central axis AX is O2.
在本實施例中,P0與O2的距離T為T=5.385mm,P0與O1的距離h為h=3.829mm。 In the present embodiment, the distance T between P0 and O2 is T = 5.385 mm, and the distance h between P0 and O1 is h = 3.829 mm.
若用z表示以O1為基準的中心軸AX方向的距離,則 在0≦z≦1.322mm的範圍內,入射面101的形狀可用下式表示。 If z is used to indicate the distance in the AX direction of the central axis based on O1, then In the range of 0 ≦ z ≦ 1.322 mm, the shape of the incident surface 101 can be expressed by the following formula.
此處,r為自中心軸AX算起的距離,c為曲率,R為曲率半徑,k為圓錐係數,Ai為非球面係數。 Here, r is the distance from the central axis AX, c is the curvature, R is the radius of curvature, k is the conic coefficient, and A i is the aspheric coefficient.
表7是表示式(1)的係數的數值的表,該式(1)表示實施例3的入射面的形狀。 Table 7 is a table showing the numerical values of the coefficients of the formula (1), and the formula (1) shows the shape of the incident surface of the third embodiment.
自z=1.322mm至面105為止的入射面101的區域,即入射面的擴散區域的形狀可用以下的數式表示。 The region of the incident surface 101 from z = 1.322 mm to the surface 105, that is, the shape of the diffusion region of the incident surface can be expressed by the following formula.
此處,r為自中心軸AX算起的距離,c為曲率,R為曲率半徑,k為圓錐係數,Ai為非球面係數。又,K為常數。K的單位為1/mm。 Here, r is the distance from the central axis AX, c is the curvature, R is the radius of curvature, k is the conic coefficient, and A i is the aspheric coefficient. Also, K is a constant. The unit of K is 1/mm.
表8是表示式(3)的係數的數值的表,該式(3)表示實施例3的入射面的形狀。 Table 8 is a table showing the numerical values of the coefficients of the formula (3), and the formula (3) shows the shape of the incident surface of the third embodiment.
圖18是表示實施例3的光學元件的入射面101的z與入射面101上的法線和中心軸AX所成的角度φh的關係的圖。圖13的橫軸表示z,縱軸表示φh。根據圖18,在z為1.322mm以下的範圍內,隨著z增加,φh單調減少。在z超過1.322mm的範圍內,隨著z增加,φh反覆地增加及減少。換言之,在z超過1.322mm的範圍內,z的函數φh具有極大值及極小值。 18 is a view showing a relationship between z of the incident surface 101 of the optical element of the third embodiment and an angle φh between the normal line on the incident surface 101 and the central axis AX. The horizontal axis of Fig. 13 represents z, and the vertical axis represents φh. According to Fig. 18, in the range where z is 1.322 mm or less, φh monotonously decreases as z increases. In the range where z exceeds 1.322 mm, φh repeatedly increases and decreases as z increases. In other words, in the range where z exceeds 1.322 mm, the function φh of z has a maximum value and a minimum value.
在圖18中,具體而言,關於φh,存在4個極大值與3個極小值。再者,極小值附近的φh的偏差已忽視。相鄰的極大值與極小值的φh的差為約30度。 In Fig. 18, specifically, regarding φh, there are four maximum values and three minimum values. Furthermore, the deviation of φh near the minimum value has been ignored. The difference between the adjacent maximum value and the minimum value φh is about 30 degrees.
若用z表示以O2為基準的中心軸AX方向的距離,則射出面103的中心軸AX附近的形狀為來自光源的光線不藉由射出面而全反射的形狀,可用以下的數式表示。 When z is a distance in the direction of the central axis AX with respect to O2, the shape near the central axis AX of the emitting surface 103 is a shape in which the light from the light source is totally reflected by the emitting surface, and can be expressed by the following formula.
此處,r為自中心軸AX算起的距離,c為曲率,R為曲率半徑,k為圓錐係數,Ai為非球面係數。 Here, r is the distance from the central axis AX, c is the curvature, R is the radius of curvature, k is the conic coefficient, and A i is the aspheric coefficient.
表9是表示式(2)的係數的數值的表,該式(2)表示實施例3的射出面的形狀。 Table 9 is a table showing the numerical values of the coefficients of the formula (2), and the formula (2) shows the shape of the exit surface of the third embodiment.
圖19是表示實施例3的光學元件的θr與θi的關係的圖。圖19的橫軸表示θr,縱軸表示θi。在θr為約32度以下的範圍內,隨著θr增加,θi單調增加。在θr超過約32度的範圍內,隨著θr增加,θi一面反覆地增加及減少,一面進行增加。換言之,在θr超過約32度的範圍內,θr的函數θi具有極大值及極小值。 Fig. 19 is a view showing the relationship between θr and θi of the optical element of the third embodiment. The horizontal axis of Fig. 19 represents θr, and the vertical axis represents θi. In the range where θr is about 32 degrees or less, θi monotonously increases as θr increases. In the range where θr exceeds about 32 degrees, as θr increases, θi gradually increases and decreases, and increases. In other words, the function θi of θr has a maximum value and a minimum value in a range in which θr exceeds about 32 degrees.
在圖19中,具體而言,在θr為約32度至90度的範圍內,關於θi,存在3個極大值與4個極小值。再者,極大值附近的θi的值的偏差已忽視。相鄰的極大值與極小值的θi的差為15度至20度。 In Fig. 19, specifically, in the range where θr is about 32 to 90 degrees, there are three maximum values and four minimum values with respect to θi. Furthermore, the deviation of the value of θi near the maximum value has been ignored. The difference between the adjacent maximum value and the minimum value θi is 15 degrees to 20 degrees.
圖20是表示實施例3的光學元件的θr與θe的關係的圖。圖20的橫軸表示θr,縱軸表示θe。在θr為約32度以下的範圍內,隨著θr增加,θe單調增加。在θr超過約32度的範圍內,隨著θr增加,θe的峰-峰值一面以最大約15度的幅度反覆地增加 及減少,一面進行增加。換言之,在θr超過約32度的範圍內,θr的函數θe存在極大值及極小值。 Fig. 20 is a view showing the relationship between θr and θe of the optical element of the third embodiment. The horizontal axis of Fig. 20 represents θr, and the vertical axis represents θe. In the range where θr is about 32 degrees or less, θe monotonously increases as θr increases. In the range where θr exceeds about 32 degrees, as θr increases, the peak-to-peak side of θe increases repeatedly by a maximum of about 15 degrees. And reduce, while increasing. In other words, in the range where θr exceeds about 32 degrees, the function θe of θr has a maximum value and a minimum value.
比較例3 Comparative example 3
在本比較例中,P0與O2的距離T為T=5.385mm,P0與O1的距離h為h=3.829mm。 In this comparative example, the distance T between P0 and O2 is T = 5.385 mm, and the distance h between P0 and O1 is h = 3.829 mm.
若用z表示以O1為基準的中心軸AX方向的距離,則入射面的形狀可用式(1)表示。又,係數的值為表7的值。即,比較例3的入射面的形狀在z為1.322mm以下的範圍內,與實施例3的入射面的形狀相同,且即便在z超過1.322mm的範圍內,z的函數φh亦不具有極大值及極小值,而隨著z增加,φh單調減少。換言之,比較例3的光學元件的入射面與實施例3的入射面的不同點在於,不具有入射面的擴散區域。 If z is the distance in the direction of the central axis AX with respect to O1, the shape of the incident surface can be expressed by the formula (1). Also, the value of the coefficient is the value of Table 7. That is, the shape of the incident surface of Comparative Example 3 is in the range of z of 1.322 mm or less, and is the same as the shape of the incident surface of the third embodiment, and the function φh of z is not extremely large even in the range where z exceeds 1.322 mm. The value and the minimum value, and as z increases, φh monotonically decreases. In other words, the incident surface of the optical element of Comparative Example 3 differs from the incident surface of the third embodiment in that it does not have a diffusion region of the incident surface.
若用z表示以O2為基準的中心軸AX方向的距離,則射出面的中心軸AX附近的形狀為來自光源的光線不藉由射出面而全反射的形狀,可用式(2)表示。又,係數的值為表9的值。即,比較例3的射出面具有與實施例3的射出面相同的形狀。 When z is a distance in the direction of the central axis AX with respect to O2, the shape near the central axis AX of the emitting surface is a shape in which the light from the light source is totally reflected by the emitting surface, and can be expressed by the formula (2). Also, the value of the coefficient is the value of Table 9. That is, the emission surface of Comparative Example 3 had the same shape as the emission surface of Example 3.
實施例3與比較例3的性能比較 Comparison of performance between Example 3 and Comparative Example 3
藉由比較使實施例3及比較例3的光學元件組合至圖1所示的光源時的光的分佈,來比較實施例2與比較例2的性能。 The performance of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 was compared by comparing the distribution of light when the optical elements of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 were combined to the light source shown in Fig. 1.
圖21是表示使實施例3的光學元件組合至圖1所示的光源時的光的強度分佈的圖。圖21的橫軸表示與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向。圖21的縱軸表示向與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向射出的光的強度的相對值。圖21的實線表示波長未達500奈米的光(短波長側的光)的相對強度。相對強度是將最大值設為100%來表示。圖21的虛線表示波長為500奈米以上的光(長波長側的光)的相對強度。相對強度是將最大值設為100%來表示。 Fig. 21 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light when the optical element of the third embodiment is combined to the light source shown in Fig. 1; The horizontal axis of Fig. 21 indicates the direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The vertical axis of Fig. 21 indicates the relative value of the intensity of light emitted in a direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The solid line in Fig. 21 indicates the relative intensity of light having a wavelength of less than 500 nm (light on the short-wavelength side). The relative intensity is expressed by setting the maximum value to 100%. The broken line in Fig. 21 indicates the relative intensity of light having a wavelength of 500 nm or more (light on the long wavelength side). The relative intensity is expressed by setting the maximum value to 100%.
圖22是表示使比較例3的光學元件組合至圖1所示的光源時的光的強度分佈的圖。圖22的橫軸表示與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向。圖22的縱軸表示向與中心軸AX所成的角度為θ的方向射出的光的強度的相對值。圖22的實線表示波長未達500奈米的光(短波長側的光)的相對強度。相對強度是將最大值設為100%來表示。圖22的虛線表示波長為500奈米以上的光(長波長側的光)的相對強度。相對強度是將最大值設為100%來表示。 FIG. 22 is a view showing an intensity distribution of light when the optical element of Comparative Example 3 is combined to the light source shown in FIG. 1. The horizontal axis of Fig. 22 indicates the direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The vertical axis of Fig. 22 indicates the relative value of the intensity of light emitted in a direction in which the angle formed by the central axis AX is θ. The solid line in Fig. 22 indicates the relative intensity of light having a wavelength of less than 500 nm (light on the short-wavelength side). The relative intensity is expressed by setting the maximum value to 100%. The broken line in Fig. 22 indicates the relative intensity of light having a wavelength of 500 nm or more (light on the long wavelength side). The relative intensity is expressed by setting the maximum value to 100%.
若比較圖21與圖22,則關於比較例3的圖22中,短波長側的光的強度與長波長側的光的強度的差較大。特別是在θ為65度附近,兩者的差較大。若兩者的差大,則會產生色差。例如,如圖22所示,在θ為65度附近,長波長側的強度大時,在θ為65度附近,紅度增強。 Comparing Fig. 21 with Fig. 22, in Fig. 22 of Comparative Example 3, the difference between the intensity of light on the short-wavelength side and the intensity of light on the long-wavelength side is large. In particular, when θ is around 65 degrees, the difference between the two is large. If the difference between the two is large, a chromatic aberration will occur. For example, as shown in FIG. 22, when the intensity on the long wavelength side is large in the vicinity of θ of 65 degrees, the redness is enhanced in the vicinity of θ of 65 degrees.
如上所述,實施例3的光學元件與比較例3的光學元件相比較,可抑制色差產生。 As described above, the optical element of Example 3 can suppress the occurrence of chromatic aberration as compared with the optical element of Comparative Example 3.
其他較佳實施形態 Other preferred embodiments
本發明的光學元件較佳為使用模具藉由射出成形來製造。此時,向模具中注入樹脂(塑膠)的樹脂澆口的位置會對製品造成影響。 The optical element of the present invention is preferably produced by injection molding using a mold. At this time, the position of the resin gate into which the resin (plastic) is injected into the mold affects the product.
圖23是表示在光學元件的射出面103的中心配置有樹脂澆口1031的情況的圖。圖23之(a)是表示配置有樹脂澆口1031的狀態的圖。圖23之(b)是表示藉由如圖23之(a)般配置的樹脂澆口1031而製造的光學元件的形狀的圖。由於樹脂澆口痕跡1033為散射面,會對中心附近的強光進行擴散,特別是被照射面位於附近時會促進光源的中心部的強烈光線的擴散,因此較佳。 FIG. 23 is a view showing a state in which the resin gate 1031 is disposed at the center of the emitting surface 103 of the optical element. (a) of FIG. 23 is a view showing a state in which the resin gate 1031 is disposed. (b) of FIG. 23 is a view showing the shape of an optical element manufactured by the resin gate 1031 arranged as shown in FIG. 23(a). Since the resin gate trace 1033 is a scattering surface, the strong light near the center is diffused, and in particular, when the irradiated surface is located nearby, the strong light of the central portion of the light source is promoted, which is preferable.
圖24是表示在光學元件的射出面103的中心設置有圓錐台形狀1035,並在該圓錐台形狀1035上配置有樹脂澆口1037的情況的圖。圖24之(a)是表示配置有樹脂澆口1037的狀態的圖。圖24之(b)是表示藉由如圖24之(a)般配置的樹脂澆口1037而製造的光學元件的形狀的圖。由於圓錐台形狀1035會對中心附近的強光進行擴散,並且樹脂澆口痕跡為散射面,會對中心附近的強光進行擴散,特別是被照射面位於附近時會促進光源的中心部的強烈光線的擴散,因此較佳。 FIG. 24 is a view showing a state in which a truncated cone shape 1035 is provided at the center of the emission surface 103 of the optical element, and a resin gate 1037 is placed on the truncated cone shape 1035. (a) of FIG. 24 is a view showing a state in which the resin gate 1037 is disposed. Fig. 24 (b) is a view showing the shape of an optical element manufactured by the resin gate 1037 arranged as shown in Fig. 24 (a). Since the truncated cone shape 1035 diffuses the strong light near the center, and the resin gate trace is a scattering surface, the strong light near the center is diffused, and particularly when the illuminated surface is located nearby, the center portion of the light source is strongly promoted. The spread of light is therefore preferred.
圖25是表示在光學元件的底面105上配置有1個樹脂澆口1051的情況的圖。根據本實施形態,樹脂澆口痕跡不會對光 學面造成影響。 FIG. 25 is a view showing a state in which one resin gate 1051 is placed on the bottom surface 105 of the optical element. According to this embodiment, the resin gate trace does not oppose the light. The face is affected.
圖26是表示在光學元件的底面105上配置有2個樹脂澆口1051A及1051B的情況的圖。根據本實施形態,樹脂澆口痕跡不會對光學面造成影響。 FIG. 26 is a view showing a state in which two resin gates 1051A and 1051B are arranged on the bottom surface 105 of the optical element. According to this embodiment, the resin gate trace does not affect the optical surface.
在光學元件的射出面的一部分或底面上包含用以使光擴散的擴散構造或擴散材料亦較佳。擴散構造是自面上減去自面算起直徑未達1mm的球面或非球面形狀而成的面,在面上添加自面算起直徑未達1mm的球面或非球面形狀而成的面,自面上減去自面算起直徑未達1mm的圓錐、三角錐、四角錐而成的面,在面上添加自面算起直徑未達1mm的圓錐、三角錐、四角錐而成的面,由經粗糙化而成的褶皺面、微透鏡陣列(microlens array)等所代表的微小曲面或微小稜鏡等折射構造,稜鏡等全反射構造等。擴散材料是丙烯酸粉末、聚苯乙烯粒子、矽粉末、銀粉末、氧化鈦粉末、鋁粉末、白碳(white carbon)、氧化鎂、氧化錫等散射材料。 It is also preferable to include a diffusion structure or a diffusion material for diffusing light on a part or the bottom surface of the emitting surface of the optical element. The diffusion structure is a surface obtained by subtracting a spherical or aspherical shape having a diameter of less than 1 mm from the surface, and adding a spherical or aspherical surface having a diameter of less than 1 mm from the surface. A surface made up of a cone, a triangular cone, and a quadrangular pyramid having a diameter of less than 1 mm from the surface is subtracted from the surface, and a surface having a cone, a triangular cone, and a quadrangular pyramid having a diameter of less than 1 mm is added to the surface. A refraction structure such as a microscopic curved surface or a microscopic ridge represented by a roughened pleated surface, a microlens array, or the like, and a total reflection structure such as a crucible. The diffusion material is a scattering material such as acrylic powder, polystyrene particles, cerium powder, silver powder, titanium oxide powder, aluminum powder, white carbon, magnesium oxide, or tin oxide.
圖27是表示在射出面的周邊部分包含擴散構造或擴散材料1039的光學元件的構成的圖。圖27的以圓形表現的部分表示擴散構造或擴散材料。根據本實施形態的光學元件,自射出面的周邊部分射出的光被進一步擴散。 FIG. 27 is a view showing a configuration of an optical element including a diffusion structure or a diffusion material 1039 in a peripheral portion of the emission surface. The portion represented by a circle in Fig. 27 represents a diffusion structure or a diffusion material. According to the optical element of the embodiment, light emitted from the peripheral portion of the emitting surface is further diffused.
圖28是表示在底面上包含擴散構造或擴散材料1053的光學元件的構成的圖。根據本實施形態的光學元件,可防止經由光學元件的底面抵達至被照射面的光線在被照射面上生成亮斑。 此處,作為經由光學元件的底面抵達至被照射面的光線,可認為是在光學元件內經全反射的光線、自被照射面反射的光線、來自相鄰的光學元件的光線等。 FIG. 28 is a view showing a configuration of an optical element including a diffusion structure or a diffusion material 1053 on the bottom surface. According to the optical element of the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent light rays that have reached the illuminated surface through the bottom surface of the optical element from generating bright spots on the surface to be illuminated. Here, the light that reaches the illuminated surface through the bottom surface of the optical element is considered to be a light that is totally reflected in the optical element, a light that is reflected from the illuminated surface, or a light from an adjacent optical element.
又,作為入射面的擴散區域的構造,亦可取代上述光學面的形狀,而包含上述擴散構造或擴散材料。 Further, the structure of the diffusion region as the incident surface may include the diffusion structure or the diffusion material instead of the shape of the optical surface.
光學元件的入射面及射出面的形狀並不限於關於軸AX而旋轉對稱的形狀。例如,亦可將軸AX的周圍分割成多個角度區間,在各個角度區間設為不同的形狀。角度區間既可為90度的4個角度區間及60度的6個角度區間等相等間隔的區間,亦可不為上述相等間隔的區間。 The shape of the incident surface and the exit surface of the optical element is not limited to a shape that is rotationally symmetrical with respect to the axis AX. For example, the circumference of the axis AX may be divided into a plurality of angular sections, and the respective angular sections may have different shapes. The angle section may be equal intervals of four angular sections of 90 degrees and six angular sections of 60 degrees, or may not be equal intervals.
又,亦可僅關於一部分角度區間,在入射面上設置擴散區域。 Further, a diffusion region may be provided on the incident surface only for a part of the angle section.
根據上述實施形態,可在每個與軸AX的周圍的角度區間相對應的方向上實現不同的光的分佈。例如,特別是亦可對軸AX的周圍的特定的方向縮小色差。 According to the above embodiment, different light distributions can be realized in each of the directions corresponding to the angular sections around the axis AX. For example, in particular, the chromatic aberration can also be reduced in a specific direction around the axis AX.
100‧‧‧光學元件 100‧‧‧Optical components
101‧‧‧入射面 101‧‧‧Incoming surface
103‧‧‧射出面 103‧‧‧ shot surface
105‧‧‧光學元件100的與LED光源200相對向的面 105‧‧‧ The face of the optical element 100 opposite the LED light source 200
200‧‧‧LED光源 200‧‧‧LED light source
201‧‧‧發光晶片 201‧‧‧Lighting chip
203‧‧‧螢光劑 203‧‧‧Fluorescent agent
AX‧‧‧中心軸 AX‧‧‧ central axis
O1‧‧‧光軸與入射面的交點(入射面101與中心軸AX的交點) O1‧‧‧ intersection of the optical axis and the incident surface (the intersection of the incident surface 101 and the central axis AX)
O2‧‧‧射出面103與中心軸AX的交點 O2‧‧‧ intersection of the exit surface 103 and the central axis AX
P0‧‧‧光軸與平面的交點(光源200的發光面205與中心軸AX的交點) P0‧‧‧ intersection of the optical axis and the plane (the intersection of the light-emitting surface 205 of the light source 200 and the central axis AX)
θi‧‧‧自點P0行進至點P的光的光學元件內的行進方向與光軸所成的角度(光線經入射面101折射後的光學元件100內的光線的行進方向與中心軸AX所成的角度) θi‧‧‧An angle formed by the traveling direction in the optical element of the light traveling from point P0 to point P to the optical axis (the traveling direction of the light in the optical element 100 refracted by the incident surface 101 and the central axis AX Angle of view)
θr‧‧‧連結點P0和入射面上的點P的直線與光軸所成的角度(自點P0射出的光線的行進方向與中心軸AX所成的角度) θr‧‧‧An angle formed by the line connecting the point P0 and the point P on the incident surface to the optical axis (the angle between the traveling direction of the light emitted from the point P0 and the central axis AX)
θe‧‧‧光線經射出面折射後的行進方向與中心軸AX所成的角度 The angle between the direction of travel of the θe‧‧‧ ray refracted by the exit surface and the central axis AX
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