TW201504422A - Synergistic additive combination for industrial gear oils - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to industrial gear oil compositions that have been specially designed to have improved friction and/or antiwear properties. That is the industrial gear oil compositions of the invention provide good performance and/or protection in the areas of friction and/or antiwear due to the use of a synergistic combination of additives. The industrial gear oil compositions of the invention utilize a combination of certain phosphorus-containing compounds and derivatives of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid, to provide a synergistic improvement in friction and/or antiwear properties.

Description

Synergistic additive combination for industrial gear oil

The present invention relates to industrial gear oil compositions that are specifically designed to have improved friction and/or wear resistance properties. That is, the industrial gear oil composition of the present invention provides good performance and/or protection in the field of friction and/or wear resistance due to the use of synergistic additive combinations. The industrial gear oil composition of the present invention utilizes a combination of a specific phosphorus-containing compound and a hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative to provide a synergistic improvement in friction and/or anti-wear properties.

Industrial gearboxes suffer from extreme operating conditions that can cause damage, such as internal components of the wear gearbox. This damage shortens the life of the industrial gearbox and can result in expensive and time consuming maintenance, repair costs, unscheduled shutdowns, and the like of the equipment containing the industrial gearbox.

There is a continuing need to improve industrial gearbox lubricants to provide better performance and protection for industrial gearboxes, extending the service life of industrial gearboxes and equipment containing them.

One means of protecting the industrial gearbox and extending the life of the fluid from which it is lubricated is to reduce its operating temperature. It is well known that long-term exposure of gearbox components to operating high temperatures in industrial gearboxes increases wear and tear and ultimately leads to failure. The negative impact of this high operating temperature is multiple forces As a result, including but not limited to high temperatures accelerates the collapse of the protective additive and increases the oxidation of the base fluid present in the industrial gearbox lubricant, thus rendering the gearbox components unprotected over time. Reducing the operating temperature of industrial gearboxes can improve performance over time.

One means of reducing the operating temperature of an industrial gearbox is to use an external coolant or to add a heat sink. However, this approach is limited and involves expensive and time consuming modifications to existing equipment. There is a need for a method of reducing the operating temperature of an industrial gearbox in existing equipment without the need for such modifications.

An alternative to reducing the operating temperature of industrial gearboxes is to operate the equipment at low levels (low load, low power, low speed, etc.). However, this approach typically results in reduced yield and/or efficiency and is therefore not an option for equipment operators who want to maintain productivity. The replacement demand is an industrial gearbox lubricant that reduces the operating temperature of the industrial gearbox without sacrificing the operating class (equipment load, power, speed, etc.).

Therefore, there is a need to improve industrial gearbox lubricants that reduce the operating temperature of industrial gearboxes used therein, thus improving the performance of industrial gearboxes.

Another means of protecting the industrial gearbox and extending the life of the liquid that lubricates it is to improve the protection of moving parts without friction and wear, which can result in component failure and reduced service life.

Accordingly, there is a need to improve industrial gearbox lubricants that better protect moving parts of industrial gearboxes without friction and wear, thus improving the performance of industrial gearboxes.

It has now been found that the industrial gearbox lubricant composition of the present invention utilizing a synergistic additive combination can be provided in no other equipment operating strips The change in the piece reduces the operating temperature of the industrial gearbox and/or preferably protects the moving parts of the industrial gearbox from friction and wear.

The present invention relates to industrial gear oil compositions designed to provide improved frictional performance while still providing approximate wear protection. Improved friction performance can result in low operating temperatures, which can reduce high temperature related wear on lubricants and equipment, and extend the life of the fluid and/or equipment.

The present invention provides an industrial gear oil composition comprising: (a) a lubricating viscosity oil, (b) a phosphorus-containing compound, and (c) a derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid, wherein component (b) is more than 0.3% by weight The industrial gear oil composition is present in the industrial gear oil composition, and the component (b) and the component (c) are present in a total amount of 0.6% by weight or more in the industrial gear oil composition. In some embodiments, component (b) is present in the industrial gear oil composition in an amount of no more than 5 weight percent, and in other embodiments not exceeding (or even less than) all of the components 4, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.75, 1.2, or even 1 weight percent. In some embodiments, component (b) and component (c) are present in the industrial gear oil composition in no more than 10 weight percent, and in other embodiments, no more than 5, 4 of the total composition. Or even as much as 3 weight percent. In some embodiments, component (b) is present in the industrial gear oil composition from 0.3 to 1.2 weight percent, or from 0.3 to 1.1, or from 0.3 to 1.0 weight percent.

The present invention provides an industrial gear oil composition as described herein, wherein the lubricating viscosity oil comprises a mineral based oil.

The present invention provides an industrial gear oil composition as described herein, wherein the lubricating viscosity oil comprises a synthetic base oil and/or a fluid.

The present invention provides an industrial gear oil composition as described herein, wherein the phosphorus-containing compound comprises an alkyl phosphite, a phosphoric acid ester, an amine salt of a phosphate, a phosphonate. Or some combination thereof. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compounds described herein are combined using triphosphates. In other specific embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound is free of any triphosphate.

The present invention provides an industrial gear oil composition as described herein, wherein the phosphorus-containing compound comprises an alkyl phosphite.

The present invention provides an industrial gear oil composition as described herein, wherein the hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative comprises a compound derived from a hydroxy-carboxylic acid represented by the following formula:

Wherein: a and b may independently be an integer of from 1 to 5; X may be an aliphatic or alicyclic group, or an aliphatic or alicyclic group having an oxygen atom in the carbon chain, or a substituent of the above type, The group contains up to 6 carbon atoms and has a + b available attachment points; each Y can independently be -O-, >NH, or >NR ³ , or 2 Y together represent a formation between 2 carbonyl groups The nitrogen of the quinone imine structure R ⁴ -N<; and each of R ³ and R ⁴ may independently be hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, provided that at least one of R ¹ and R ³ may be a hydrocarbon group; each R ² may independently be hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group or a mercapto group, further characterized in that at least one -OR ² group is located in X with respect to at least one carbon atom of -C(O)-YR ¹ group being α or β, and further wherein at least one R ² is hydrogen .

The present invention provides an industrial gear oil composition as described herein, wherein the hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative comprises a compound derived from a hydroxy-carboxylic acid represented by the following formula:

Wherein each R ^{5 is} independently H or a hydrocarbon group, or wherein the R ⁵ groups together form a ring, and wherein the hydroxy-carboxylic acid is reacted with an alcohol and/or an amine to form a hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative via a condensation reaction.

The present invention provides an industrial gear oil composition as described herein, wherein the hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative comprises ruthenium, diester, diamine, ruthenium amide, ruthenium amide of tartaric acid or citric acid. Or an ester-melamine derivative.

The present invention provides an industrial gear oil composition as described herein, wherein the composition further comprises (d) more than one additional additive. Ingredient (d) may include more than one sulfurized olefin, phosphate, thiophosphates, phosphorothioate and/or amine salts thereof, thiadiazole and/or substituted thiadiazole, tolyltriazole And/or substituted triazoles, polyethers, alkenylamines and/or polyolefin olefin alkenamines, ester copolymers, carboxylates, dispersants, defoamers, hydrocarbon polymers, sulfurized fats Ester, and/or any combination thereof.

The present invention provides the industrial gear oil composition described herein, wherein the weight ratio of the component (b) to the component (c) in the industrial gear oil composition is from 1:30 to 30:1.

The present invention provides an industrial gear oil composition as described herein, wherein component (b) is from 0.1 to 10 weight percent of the total industrial gear oil composition, and component (c) is from 0.1 to 10 weight of the total industrial gear oil composition. percentage.

The invention further provides a method of making any of the industrial gear oil compositions described herein, wherein the steps of the method comprise: (1) mixing (a) a lubricating viscosity oil, (b) a phosphorus-containing compound, and (c) a hydroxyl group - A derivative of a carboxylic acid to form an industrial gear oil composition.

The invention further provides a method for improving the friction and/or anti-wear properties of an industrial gear oil composition, wherein the method comprises the steps of: (1) mixing (a) lubricating a viscosity oil, (b) a phosphorus-containing compound, and (c) a derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid to form an industrial gear oil composition having improved friction and/or anti-wear properties. The present invention provides a method of improving the friction properties of an industrial gear oil composition. The present invention provides a method of improving the anti-wear properties of industrial gear oil compositions. The present invention provides a method of improving the friction and wear resistance properties of industrial gear oil compositions. These methods are all applicable to any of the industrial gear oil compositions described herein.

The invention further provides an additive kit for improving the friction and/or anti-wear properties of an industrial gear oil composition, wherein the industrial gear oil composition comprises (a) a lubricating viscosity oil, and wherein the additive kit comprises (b) A derivative of a phosphorus-containing compound and (c) a hydroxy-carboxylic acid. The present invention provides the use of the additive kit described to improve the friction properties of industrial gear oil compositions. The present invention provides the use of the additive kit described to improve the anti-wear properties of industrial gear oil compositions. The present invention provides the use of the additive kit described to improve the friction and wear resistance properties of industrial gear oil compositions.

Various preferred features and specific embodiments are described below by way of non-limiting illustration.

The present invention provides an industrial gear oil composition comprising: (a) a lubricating viscosity oil, (b) a phosphorus-containing compound, and (c) a derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid.

Lubricating Viscosity Oil

The composition of the present invention includes a lubricating viscosity oil.

The lubricious viscosity oil may be present in the lubricant composition in a major amount, or in the concentrate and/or additive composition in a concentrate forming amount. The industrial gear oil composition of the present invention may be a lubricant composition or a concentrate and/or additive composition.

Suitable oils include natural and synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof. In fully formulated lubricants, the lubricating viscosity oil is typically present in a major amount (i.e., greater than 50 weight percent). In general, the lubricating viscosity oil is present in an amount of from 75 to 98 weight percent of the total composition, and often in an amount greater than 80 weight percent.

Lubricating viscosity oils may include natural and synthetic oils, oils derived from hydrocracking, hydrogenation, and hydrofinishing, oils that are not refined, refined, and re-refined, or mixtures thereof. Unrefined oils are obtained directly from natural or synthetic sources and are generally not (or rarely) further purified. Refined oils resemble unrefined oils, except that they have been further processed in more than one purification step to modify more than one property. Purification technology is in The art is known and includes solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation, and the like. Re-refined oils are also known as regenerated or reprocessed oils and are obtained by similar procedures for obtaining refined oils. Re-refined oils are often treated by techniques related to the removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.

Natural oils that can be used as lubricating oils, including animal and vegetable oils (eg castor oil, lard), mineral lubricating oils (such as liquid petroleum, alkaned, naphthenic or mixed alkane naphthenic solvents or acid treated minerals) Lubricating oil, and oil derived from coal or oil shale, or a mixture thereof.

Synthetic lubricating viscosity oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymeric and inter-polyolefins (eg, polybutene, polypropylene, propylene isobutylene copolymers); poly(1-hexene), poly(1-octene), poly(1-癸) Alkenes, and mixtures thereof; alkylbenzenes (eg, dodecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, dinonylbenzene, bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzene); polyphenyls (eg, biphenyl, terphenyl, alkane) Polyphenylene); alkylated diphenyl ethers with alkylated biphenyl sulfides, and derivatives, analogs, and homologs thereof, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the lubricating viscosity oil used in the present invention is a synthetic oil comprising polymerized polyisobutylene, and in some embodiments, the lubricating viscosity oil used in the present invention comprises polymeric polyisobutylene and poly alpha. - synthetic oil of olefins.

Another synthetic lubricating viscosity oil comprises a polyol ester, a dicarboxylic acid ester, a liquid ester containing phosphoric acid, such as tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, other than the hydrocarbon-terminated polyoxyalkylene polyol disclosed herein. With diethyl phosphinic acid), or with tetrahydrofuran. Conventional synthetic lubricating viscosity oils also include those manufactured by the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, and may generally be hydroisomerized Fisher-Dubsh or wax. In one In the embodiment, the lubricating viscosity oil can be prepared by the Fisher-Mulberry gas liquefaction synthesis step, as well as other gas-liquefied oils.

Lubricating viscosity oils can be further refined as specified by the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines. The five groups of base oils are as follows: Group I (sulfur content > 0.03 weight percent, and / or < 90 weight percent of saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group II (sulfur content) 0.03 weight percent, and 90% by weight of saturate with a viscosity index of 80-120); Group III (sulfur content) 0.03 weight percent, and 90% by weight of saturate, viscosity index is 120); Group IV (both polyalphaolefins or PAOs, such as PAO-2, PAO-4, PAO-5, PAO-6, PAO-7, or PAO-8); and Group V (which includes "All other classes"). Lubricating viscosity oils include API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V oils, or mixtures thereof. In a specific embodiment, the lubricating viscosity oil is API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV oil, or a mixture thereof. Alternatively, the lubricating viscosity oil is often an API Group II, Group III, Group IV oil, or a mixture thereof.

In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises a Group II or Group III base oil, or a combination thereof. The oil may also be derived from the hydroisomerization of waxes such as crude wax or Fisher-Dubs synthetic wax. This "gas liquefied" oil is generally classified as Group III.

The compositions of the present invention may include some amount of Group I base oil, and even Group IV and Group V base oils. However, in some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains no more than 20, 10, 5, or even 1 weight percent of Group I base oil. These restrictions also apply to Group IV or Group V base oil. In other specific embodiments, the lubricating oil present in the compositions of the present invention is at least 60, 70, 80, 90, or even 98 weight percent of Group II and/or Group III base oils. In some embodiments, the lubricating oil present in the compositions of the present invention is essentially only Group II and/or Group III base oils, which may have minor amounts of other types of base oils, but do not significantly affect the overall composition. The amount of property or performance of a substance.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention comprise some amount of Group I and/or Group II base oils. In other specific embodiments, the composition of the present invention is a lubricating composition in which the lubricating viscosity oil is mainly Group I and/or Group II base oil, or even Group I and/or Group II in nature. The lubricating composition of the oil, or even the lubricating composition of Group I and/or Group II base oil.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a Group II composition, i.e., a lubricating viscosity oil comprising Group II oil, and may even be a Group II oil if not completely.

Various of the described lubricating viscosity oils may be used singly or in combination. The lubricating viscosity oil may range from about 40 or 50 weight percent to about 99 weight percent, or at least 49.8, 70, 85, 93, 93.5, or even 97, up to 99.8, 99, 98.5, or even 97 weight percent, for The industrial gear lubricant composition. A minimum of 40, 65, 73, 73.5, or even 81, up to 99.8, 99.7, 98.8, 94.3, 88.5, or even 81 weight percent of the lubricating viscosity oil may be used in other embodiments.

In still other embodiments, the lubricating viscosity oil can be used at least 50, 70, 75, 86, 86.8, or even 92.05, up to 99.6, 99.5, 98.5, 98.4, or even 98.2 weight percent, or at least 80, 90, 95, 96, 96.8, or even 97.05, up to 99.6, 99.5, 99.4, or even 99.2 weight percent, or 50 to 99.6, 50 to 99.5 70 to 99.5, 75 to 98.5, 86 to 98.4, 86.8 to 98.4, or even 92.05 to 98.2% by weight, and in still further embodiments 80 to 99.6, 90 to 99.6, 95 to 99.5, 96 to 99.4, 96.8 to 99.4, or even 97.05 to 99.2% by weight.

Phosphorus-containing compounds

The composition of the present invention includes a phosphorus-containing compound.

The phosphorus-containing compound may include a hydrocarbyl phosphite, a phosphate, an amine salt of a phosphate, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound comprises a hydrocarbyl phosphite, an ester thereof, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound comprises a hydrocarbyl phosphite.

In some embodiments, the hydrocarbyl phosphite is an alkyl phosphite. The alkyl group means an alkyl group containing only carbon and a hydrogen atom, however, a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group or a mixture thereof may be used. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound comprises an alkyl phosphite having a fully saturated alkyl group. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite having an alkyl group with some unsaturation (eg, a double bond between carbon atoms). This unsaturated alkyl group may also be referred to as an alkenyl group, but is included within the term "alkyl" as used herein unless otherwise indicated.

In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound comprises an alkyl phosphite, a phosphate, an amine salt of a phosphate, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound comprises an alkyl phosphite, an ester thereof, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound comprises an alkyl phosphite.

In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound comprises an alkenyl phosphite, a phosphate, an amine salt of a phosphate, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound comprises an alkenyl phosphite, an ester thereof, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound comprises an alkenyl phosphite.

In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound comprises dialkyl hydrogen phosphites.

In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound is substantially free or even completely free of phosphates and/or amine salts thereof.

In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound can be described as a fatty phosphite. Suitable phosphites include those having at least one hydrocarbon group having 4 or more, or 8 or more, or 12 or more carbon atoms. A typical range of the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group includes 8 to 30, or 10 to 24, or 12 to 22, or 14 to 20, or 16 to 18. The phosphite may be a monohydrocarbyl substituted phosphite, a dihydrocarbyl substituted phosphite, or a trihydrocarbyl substituted phosphite. In a specific embodiment, the phosphite is sulfur free, ie the phosphite is not a thiophosphite.

A phosphite having at least one hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms can be represented by the following formula:

Wherein at least one of R ⁶ , R ⁷ and R ⁸ may be a hydrocarbon group having at least 4 carbon atoms, and the others may be hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group. In a specific embodiment, R ⁶ , R ⁷ , and R ⁸ are both hydrocarbyl groups. The hydrocarbyl group can be an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an acyclic group, or a mixture thereof. In the formula of R ⁶ , R ⁷ , and R ⁸ , the compound may be a trihydrocarbyl substituted phosphite, ie, R ⁶ , R ⁷ , and R ⁸ are both hydrocarbyl groups, and in some embodiments. It can be an alkyl group.

The alkyl group may be linear or branched, generally linear, and saturated or unsaturated, generally saturated. Examples of the alkyl group of R ⁶ , R ⁷ and R ⁸ include an octyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, a decyl group, a decyl group, an eleven group, a dodecyl group, a thirteen group, a tetradecyl group, a fifteen group, Hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, octadecyl, 19-yl, icoyl, or mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the fatty phosphite component and/or the monolith composition of the present invention is substantially free or even completely free of phosphates and/or amine salts thereof.

In some embodiments, the fatty phosphite comprises an alkenyl phosphite or an ester thereof, such as an ester of dimethyl hydrogen phosphite. The dimethyl hydrogen phosphite can be esterified by reaction with an alcohol such as oleyl alcohol and, in some embodiments, transesterified.

In some embodiments, the fatty phosphite is present in no more than 5 weight percent of the total industrial gear oil composition, or even no more than 4, 3, 2 weight percent, or even 1 weight percent. Good overall performance can often be achieved with this high amount of fatty phosphite. One of the main aspects of the present invention is an industrial gear oil containing a very low amount of fatty phosphite due to the benefit obtained when a fatty phosphite is used in combination with a hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative as described herein. The ability of the composition to provide approximate performance.

The fat phosphite may be present in all industrial gear lubricant compositions from 0.3 to 10 weight percent, or in other embodiments In the case of a minimum of 0.3, 0.7, 1, or even 1.2, up to a maximum of 10, 5, 3, 2.7, 2, 1.5, or even 1.2 weight percent.

In still other embodiments, the fatty phosphite may be present in the total industrial gear lubricant composition from 0.3 to 10 weight percent, or at least 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, or even 0.7, up to 10, 5, 3 , 2.7, or even 1.2 weight percent, or 0.3 to 10, 0.3 to 5, 0.4 to 3, 0.5 to 3.0, 0.5 to 2.7, 0.7 to 2.7, 0.3 to 1.2, or 0.5 to 1.2 weight percent.

"Hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivatives"

The composition of the present invention includes a derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid.

Suitable acids may include from 1 to 5 or 2 carboxy groups, or from 1 to 5 or 2 hydroxyl groups. In some embodiments, the friction modifier is derived from a hydroxy-carboxylic acid represented by the formula:

Wherein: a and b may independently be an integer of 1 to 5, or 1 to 2; X may be an aliphatic or alicyclic group, or an aliphatic or alicyclic group having an oxygen atom in the carbon chain, or the above formula Substituent, the group containing up to 6 carbon atoms and having a + b available attachment points; each Y can be independently -O-, >NH, or >NR ³ , or 2 Y together represented in 2 R acyl imine formed between the carbonyl group of ⁴ -N <of nitrogen; and each R ³ and R ⁴ may be independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, with the proviso that at least one of R ¹ and R ³ may be a hydrocarbon group; each R ² is It may independently be hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group, or a mercapto group, further characterized in that at least one -OR ² group is located in X with respect to at least one -C(O)-YR ¹ group being a carbon atom of α or β, and further conditions are at least One R ² is hydrogen.

The hydroxy-carboxylic acid is reacted with an alcohol and/or an amine to form a hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative via a condensation reaction, which may also be referred to herein as a friction modifier additive.

In a specific embodiment, the hydroxy-carboxylic acid used to prepare the derivative of the hydroxy-carboxylic acid is represented by the formula:

Wherein each R ^{5 is} independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, or wherein the R ⁵ groups together form a ring. Wherein R ⁵ is H in the particular embodiment, the condensation products of optionally further action by acylation or reaction of a boron compound functionalized. The friction modifier is not borated in other embodiments.

In any of the above specific examples, the hydroxy-carboxylic acid can be tartaric acid, citric acid, or a combination thereof, or can be a reactive equivalent of the acid (including esters, acid halides, or anhydrides). The resulting friction modifier may include quinone imine, diester, diamine, or ester-decylamine derivatives of tartaric acid, citric acid, or a mixture thereof. In a particular embodiment, the hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivatives include ruthenium diamine, diester, diamine, quinone imine, quinone, or decylamine derivative of tartaric acid or citric acid. In a particular embodiment, the hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative comprises a quinone imine, a diester, a decylamine, a guanimine, a quinone, or an oxime derivative of tartaric acid.

In a particular embodiment, the derivative of the hydroxy-carboxylic acid comprises a derivative of tartaric acid. In a particular embodiment, the hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative comprises a quinone imine and/or a guanamine derivative of tartaric acid.

The amine used to prepare the friction modifier may have the formula RR'NH, wherein R and R' each independently represent H, 1 or 8 to 30 or 150 carbon atoms (ie 1 to 150, or 8 to 30, or 1 to 30) Or a hydrocarbon radical of 8 to 150 carbon atoms. Amines having a carbon atom in the range of 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, or 12 carbon atoms and an upper limit of 120, 80, 48, 24, 20, 18, or 16 carbon atoms may also be used. In a particular embodiment, each R and R' group has 8 or 6 to 30 or 12 carbon atoms. In a particular embodiment, the sum of carbon atoms in R and R' is at least 8. R and R' may be linear or branched.

The alcohol which can be used to prepare the friction modifier similarly contains 1 or 8 to 30 or 150 carbon atoms. Alcohols having a carbon atom in the range of 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, or 12 carbon atoms and having an upper limit of 120, 80, 48, 24, 20, 18, or 16 carbon atoms may also be used. In a particular embodiment, the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol-derived group can be from 8 to 24, from 10 to 18, from 12 to 16, or from 13 carbon atoms.

The alcohol and amine can be linear or branched, and if branched, the branch can occur anywhere in the chain, and the branch can be of any length. In some embodiments, the alcohol and/or amine used comprises a branched compound, and in still other embodiments, the alcohol and amine used are at least 50%, 75%, or even 80% branched. In other specific embodiments, the alcohol is linear.

In some embodiments, the alcohol and/or amine has at least 6 carbon atoms. Thus, particular embodiments of the invention use products prepared from branched alcohols and/or amines of at least 6 carbon atoms, such as branched _C6-18 or _C8-18 alcohols, or branched _C12-16 alcohols, which are separate Material or mixture. Designations include 2-ethylhexanol and isotridecyl alcohol, which can be commercial grade mixtures of various isomers. Particular embodiments of the invention also employ products prepared from linear alcohols of at least 6 carbon atoms, such as linear C _6-18 or C _8-18 alcohols, or linear C _12-16 alcohols, which are separate materials or mixtures.

The tartaric acid used to prepare the tartrate, tartarimine, or tartaramide of the present invention may be in the form of a commercial form (available from Sargent Welch) and exist in more than one isomeric form, such as d -tartaric acid, l. - tartaric acid, d, l -tartaric acid, or meso-tartaric acid, which is often determined by source (natural) or by synthetic methods (for example from maleic acid). These derivatives may also be prepared from diacid functional equivalents such as esters, acid chlorides, anhydrides and the like which are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

In a specific embodiment, it is also meant that the hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative of the friction modifier can be prepared from a compound of the formula:

Wherein: n' is 0 to 10; p is 1 to 5; Y and Y' are independently -O-, >NH, >NR ¹¹ or bonded Y and Y' groups at 2 >C=O groups The quinone imine group formed by the formation of R ¹¹ -N<group; R ⁹ and R ^{10 are} independently a hydrocarbon group, generally containing 1, 4, or 6 to 150, 30, or 24 carbon atoms; and X is independently - CH ₂ -, >CHR ¹² , >CR ¹² R ¹³ , >CHOR ¹⁴ , >C(OR ¹⁴ )CO ₂ R ¹⁴ , or >C(CO ₂ R ¹⁴ ) ₂ , -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ R ¹² or -CHR ¹² R ¹³ , -CH ₂ OR ¹⁴ , or -CH(CO ₂ R ¹⁴ ) ₂ , or a mixture thereof, wherein: R ¹¹ is a hydrocarbon group; and R ¹² and R ^{13 are} independently a keto group (such as a fluorenyl group), An ester group or a hydrocarbon group; and R ^{14 is} independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, and generally has 1 to 150 carbon atoms.

In some embodiments, the friction modifier described in the above structure has at least one X having a hydroxyl group (eg, >CHOR ¹⁴ wherein R ¹⁴ is hydrogen). When X is a hydroxyl group-containing group, the compound may be derived from a hydroxy-carboxylic acid such as tartaric acid, citric acid, or a mixture thereof. In a particular embodiment, the compound is derived from citric acid, and R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ contain at least 6 or 8 to 150 carbon atoms, or 6 or 8 to 30 or 24 carbon atoms. In a particular embodiment, the compound derived from tartaric acid, and R ⁹ and R ¹⁰ contain 4 or 6 to 30 or 24 carbon atoms. When X does not contain a hydroxyl group, the compound can be derived from malonic acid, oxalic acid, chlorophenylmalonic acid, or a mixture thereof.

In a specific embodiment, the friction modifier component of the present invention comprises oleyl tartarimine, stearyl tartarimine, 2-ethylhexyl tartarimine, or a combination thereof. The friction modifier may be present in the compositions of the present invention in an amount of 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, or even 1.0 weight percent. The friction modifier can be present in an amount up to or even less than 10, 9, 8, 7.5, 5, or even 4 or 3 weight percent.

The compositions of the present invention may optionally include more than one additional friction modifier. These additional friction modifiers may include esters of polyols, such as glycerol monooleates, and their borated derivatives; fatty phosphites; fatty acid guanamines such as linoleamide; borated fatty epoxides Fatty amines, including borated alkoxylated fatty amines; sulfurized olefins; and mixtures thereof.

The ester of the polyol includes a fatty acid ester of glycerin. It can be prepared by a number of methods known to those skilled in the art. Many of these esters, such as glycerol monooleate and glycerol monotallowate, are manufactured on a commercial scale. Esters can be used in the present invention are oil-soluble and preferably prepared by ₂₂ fatty acids or mixtures thereof C ₈ to C, as found in natural products. The fatty acid can be saturated or unsaturated. The specific compound found in an acid derived from a natural source may include octadecyl-4-keto acid containing one ketone group. C ₈ to C ₂₂ fatty acids are those of formula R-COOH can be used, wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl group.

Fatty acid monoesters of glycerol are available. It can use a mixture of a monoester and a diester. The mixture of monoester and diester may contain at least about 40% monoester. It may use a mixture of monoesters and diesters of glycerol containing from about 40 to about 60% by weight of the monoester. For example, commercially available glycerol monooleates containing a mixture of 45 to 55% by weight of a monoester and 55 to 45% by weight of a diester can be used.

Useful fatty acids are oleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, linoleic acid, and tung acid, and acids derived from natural products such as tallow, palm oil, olives. Oil, peanut oil. Useful acids and/or oils also include those derived from genetically modified plants such as mustard oil and sunflower oil.

While tartrate and polyol esters such as glycerol monooleate appear to have similar molecular structures on the surface, it has been observed that certain combinations of these materials actually provide properties superior to those of the materials used alone, such as wear prevention.

The fatty acid guanamine has been discussed in detail in U.S. Patent No. 4,280,916. Suitable guanamines are C ₈ -C ₂₄ aliphatic monocarboxylic acid decylamines and are well known. The fatty acid compound is reacted with ammonia to produce a fatty guanamine. The fatty acid and the decylamine derived therefrom may be saturated or unsaturated. Important fatty acids include lauric acid (C ₁₂ ), palmitic acid (C ₁₆ ), and stearic acid (C ₁₈ ). Other important unsaturated acids include oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linoleic acid, all of which are _C18 . In a specific embodiment, the fatty guanamine of the present invention is derived from a _C18 unsaturated fatty acid.

Fatty amines and long-chain amines such as N,N-indole (2-hydroxyethyl) tallowamine are generally useful as ingredients in the present invention. Both types of amines are commercially available. Fatty amines and ethoxylated fatty amines are described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 4,741,848.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention do not include any friction modifiers, and in other embodiments, none of the optional friction modifiers listed herein are included in the compositions of the present invention.

In other embodiments there is an additional friction modifier and the friction modifier is an amide of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having from 6 to 28 carbon atoms. In other specific embodiments, the additional friction modifier is decylamine, stearic acid, or a combination thereof.

The hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative may be from 0.1 to 10% by weight, or at least 0.1 to at most 10, 5, 2, 1, 0.5, or even 0.25 weight percent, or 0.1 to 10, 0.1 to 5, 0.1 to 2, 0.1 To all 1, 0.1 to 0.5, or even 0.1 to 0.25 weight percent are present in all industrial gear lubricant compositions.

Extra Additives

The composition of the present invention may further comprise more than one additional additive, for example, the composition of the present invention may comprise an industrial gear additive kit. In other words, the composition of the present invention is designed to be industrial gear lubrication An agent, or an additive kit for making the same. The invention is not related to automotive gear lubricants or other lubricating compositions.

Any combination of conventional additive kits designed for industrial gear applications can be used. The present invention itself assumes that the additive kit is substantially free of the above-described phosphorus-containing compounds and derivatives of hydroxycarboxylic acids, or at least does not contain the phosphorus-containing compounds and hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivatives specified in the specific embodiments of the present invention. Type.

Additional additives which may be present in the industrial gear oil compositions of the present invention include: deemulsifiers, pour point depressants, antioxidants, dispersants, metal deactivators (such as copper deactivators), antiwear agents, extreme pressure Agent, viscosity modifier, or some mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the additive can be 50, 75, 100, or even 150 ppm, to 5, 4, 3, 2, or even 1.5 weight percent, or 75 ppm to 0.5 weight percent, 100 ppm to 0.4 weight percent, or A range of from 150 ppm to 0.3 weight percent, wherein the weight percent value is based on the total lubricating oil composition. It should be noted, however, that when considering separation from a base fluid, it may have a large number of additives (including viscosity adjusting polymers) that may be considered as part of the base fluid, including at most 30, 40, or even 50% by weight. Each of the additional additives described may be used singly or in a mixture thereof.

Defoamers are also known in the art and are also known as foaming inhibitors and include, but are not limited to, organopolyfluorene oxide and non-antimony foaming inhibitors. Examples of the organic polyfluorene oxide include dimethyl polyfluorene oxide and polyoxyalkylene oxide. Examples of non-antimony foaming inhibitors include, but are not limited to, polyethers, polyacrylates, and mixtures thereof, as well as copolymers of ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and optionally vinyl acetate. In some embodiments, defoaming The agent is a polyacrylate. The defoaming agent can be from 0.001 to 0.012 or 0.004 pbw, or even from 0.001 to 0.003 pbw of the composition.

Demulsifying agents are known in the art and include, but are not limited to, propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, polyoxyalkylene, alkylamine, amine groups which are reacted sequentially with ethylene oxide or substituted ethylene oxide. A derivative of an alcohol, diamine or polyamine, or a mixture thereof. Examples of deemulsifiers include polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the deemulsifier is a polyether. The deemulsifier can be from 0.002 to 0.2 pbw of the composition.

Pour point depressants are known in the art and include, but are not limited to, maleic anhydride-styrene copolymer esters, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyacrylamides, haloalkanes waxes, and aromatic compounds. a condensation product, a vinyl carboxylate polymer, a terpolymer of a dialkyl fumarate, a vinyl ester of a fatty acid, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, an alkylphenol formaldehyde condensation resin, an alkyl vinyl ether, And mixtures thereof.

In addition to some of the above additives, the compositions of the present invention may also include rust inhibitors. Suitable rust inhibitors include hydrocarbon amine salts of dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid, hydrocarbon amine salts of hydrocarbyl aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acids, fatty carboxylic acids or esters thereof, esters of nitrogen-containing carboxylic acids, ammonium sulfonate, imidazoline, single A thiophosphate or ester, or any combination thereof, or a mixture thereof. Examples of the hydrocarbon amine salt of the dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the above, and diheptyl or dioctyl or dimercapto dithiophosphoric acid and ethylene diamine, Morpholine, or Primene ^TM 81R, or the reaction product mixture. The hydrocarbon amine salt of a suitable hydrocarbyl aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acid used in the rust inhibitor kit of the present invention is represented by the following formula:

Wherein Cy is a benzene or naphthalene ring. R ¹⁵ is a hydrocarbon group having from about 4 to about 30, preferably from about 6 to about 25, more preferably from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms. z is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4, and z is preferably 1 or 2. R ¹⁶ , R ¹⁷ and R ¹⁸ are the same as described above. Examples of the hydrocarbon amine salt of the hydrocarbyl aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acid of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the ethylenediamine salt of dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid. Examples of suitable fatty carboxylic acids or esters thereof include glycerol monooleate and oleic acid. An example of a suitable nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid ester includes oleyl sarcosine. The rust inhibitor may be in the range of 0.02 to 0.2, 0.03 to 0.15, 0.04 to 0.12, or 0.05 to 0.1 weight percent of the lubricating oil composition. The rust inhibitor of the present invention can be used singly or in a mixture thereof.

The compositions of the present invention may also include a metal deactivator. Metal deactivators are used to neutralize the catalytic effect of metals promoting oxidation in lubricating oils. Suitable metal deactivators include, but are not limited to, triazole, tolyltriazole, thiadiazole, or combinations thereof, and derivatives thereof. Examples include benzotriazole derivatives other than the above, benzimidazole, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazole, 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazole, 2-(N,N'-dialkyldi Thio-amine-mercapto)benzothiazole, 2,5-indole (alkyl-dithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-fluorene (N,N'-dialkyl Dithiocarbamyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-alkyldithio-5-mercaptothiadiazole, or a mixture thereof. These additives may use from 0.01 to 0.25 weight percent of the total composition. In some embodiments, the metal deactivator is a hydrocarbyl-substituted benzotriazole compound. A benzotriazole compound having a hydrocarbyl substituent includes the following ring positions At least one of 1- or 2- or 4- or 5- or 6- or 7-benzotriazole. The hydrocarbyl group contains from about 1 to about 30, preferably from about 1 to about 15, more preferably from about 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and the metal deactivator is preferably 5-methylbenzoate used alone or in a mixture thereof. Triazole. The metal deactivator may be in the range of 0.001 to 0.5, 0.01 to 0.04, or 0.015 to 0.03 pbw of the lubricating oil composition. The metal deactivator can also be 0.002 or 0.004 to 0.02 pbw of the composition. The metal deactivator can be used singly or in a mixture thereof.

Antioxidants may also include (i) alkylated diphenylamine, and (ii) substituted hydrocarbyl monosulfide. In some embodiments, the alkylated diphenylamines of the present invention are decylated diphenylamines and octyl octylated diphenylamines. In some embodiments, the substituted hydrocarbyl monosulfide comprises n-dodecyl-2-hydroxyethyl sulfide, 1-(tripty-dodecylthio)-2-propanol, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the substituted hydrocarbyl monosulfide is 1-(tripty-dodecylthio)-2-propanol. Antioxidant kits may also include sterically hindered phenols. Examples of suitable hydrocarbyl groups for sterically hindered phenols include, but are not limited to, 2-ethylhexyl ester, n-butyl ester, dodecyl ester, or mixtures thereof. Examples of methylene bridged sterically hindered phenols include, but are not limited to, 4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-o-cresol), 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-tripentyl-ne-methyl) Phenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), or a mixture thereof .

In some embodiments, the additional additives of the present invention include a nitrogen-containing dispersant, such as a hydrocarbyl-substituted nitrogen-containing additive. Suitable hydrocarbyl-substituted nitrogen-containing additives include ashless dispersants and polymeric dispersants. The ashless dispersant is supplied because it does not contain metal, so it is named after the sulphated ash is usually not produced when the lubricant is added. However, once it is added to the package A lubricant containing a metal species that will of course interact with the surrounding metal. The ashless dispersant is characterized by a hydrocarbon chain having a relatively high molecular weight attached to the polar group. Examples of such materials include amber sulphonimide dispersants, Mannich dispersants, and their borated derivatives.

In some embodiments, additional additives of the invention include sulfur containing compounds. The sulfur-containing compound may include a sulfurized olefin and a polysulfide and/or a sulfurized fatty ester. The sulfurized olefin or polysulfide may be derived from isobutylene, butene, propylene, ethylene, or some combination thereof. The sulfurized fatty esters can include sulfurized olefins derived from any of the above natural or synthetic oils, or some combination thereof. For example, sulfurized fatty esters can be derived from vegetable oils.

In some embodiments, the invention includes a sulfurized fatty ester comprising a sulfurized natural oil. In some embodiments, the sulfurized fatty ester comprises a vulcanized animal and/or vegetable oil. In some embodiments, the sulfurized fatty ester comprises a vulcanized vegetable oil. In some embodiments, the sulfurized fatty ester comprises a sulfurized unsaturated oil. In some embodiments, the sulfurized fatty ester comprises a sulfurized unsaturated natural oil. In some embodiments, the sulfurized fatty ester comprises a sulfurized unsaturated vegetable oil. In some embodiments, the sulfurized fatty esters described above further comprise more than one sulfurized olefin and/or polysulfide. In some embodiments, the sulfurized fatty ester comprises a sulfurized rapeseed oil.

In some embodiments, the additional additive of the present invention comprises more than one phosphonium salt (different from the phosphorus-containing compound described above), but so that the resulting industrial gear lubricant composition contains no more than 1.0 weight percent, or even no More than 0.75 or 0.6 weight percent of this material. In other embodiments, the resulting industrial gear lubricant composition is substantially free or even completely free of such phosphonium salts.

In some embodiments, the additional additive component includes more than one anti-wear additive and/or extreme pressure agent, more than one rust inhibitor and/or corrosion inhibitor, more than one foaming inhibitor, more than one An emulsifier, or any combination thereof. In other embodiments, the additional additive and/or the resulting industrial gear lubricant composition is essentially free or even completely free of phosphonium salts, dispersants, or both.

In some embodiments, the additional additive and/or the resulting industrial gear lubricant composition includes a deemulsifier, a corrosion inhibitor, a friction modifier, or a combination of two or more thereof. In some embodiments, the corrosion inhibitor comprises tolyltriazole. In still other embodiments, the additional additive component and/or the resulting industrial gear lubricant composition comprises more than one sulfurized olefin or polysulfide; more than one phosphorus amine salt; more than one phosphorothioate; More than one thiadiazole, tolyltriazole, polyether, and/or alkenylamine; one or more ester copolymers; one or more carboxylic acid esters; one or more succinimide dispersants; or any combination.

In some embodiments, the composition of the present invention further comprises (d) more than one additional additive, which may include more than one sulfurized olefin, phosphate, thiophosphate, phosphorothioate, and/or amine salt thereof Thiadiazole and/or substituted thiadiazole, tolyltriazole and/or substituted triazole, polyether, alkyl and/or alkenylamine and/or polyolefin amide amine, ester copolymer, Carboxylic acid esters, dispersants, hydrocarbon polymers, or any combination thereof.

Dispersants suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are not unduly limited and may include borated dispersants, non-borated dispersants, amber succinimide dispersants (including borated and unborated amber succinimide dispersants) , Mannich dispersant, etc.

In some embodiments, the compositions of the invention are free of antioxidants. In some embodiments, the compositions of the invention are free of fatty amines. In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are free of high TBN overbasing detergents (where high TBN can represent TBN > 100, > 50, > 20, or even > 10). In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are free of zinc dithiophosphate.

In some embodiments, in addition to components (a), (b), and (c), the compositions of the present invention further comprise a sulfurized olefin, a phosphorodithioate, an amine phosphate salt, a high TBN a succinimide dispersant. , aliphatic amine, tolyltriazole, acrylate, polyether, and thiadiazole, which may be referred to as additional component (d).

In some embodiments, in addition to components (a), (b), and (c), the compositions of the present invention further comprise an extreme pressure agent, an anti-wear agent combination, a rust inhibitor, a metal deactivator, a defoamer , de-emulsifier, and copper deactivator, which may be referred to as additional component (d).

The additional additive may be from 0.1 to 30 weight percent, or at least 0.1, 1, or even 2 weight percent, up to a maximum of 30, 20, 10, 5, or even 2 weight percent, or 0.1 to 30, 0.1 to 20, 1 To 20, 1 to 10, 1 to 5, or even about 2 weight percent are present in all industrial gear lubricant compositions. These ranges and limitations may apply to the various individual additional additives present in the composition, or all additional additives present.

[Industry application]

As indicated above, the present invention includes industrial gear lubricant compositions, and industrial gear additive concentrate compositions useful in the manufacture of industrial gear lubricant compositions.

The various ranges of the above ingredients can be adjusted by the amount of (a) (i.e., the amount of (a) is extremely low in the concentrate composition compared to the lubricant composition), but maintaining the same ingredients (b), (c) And the relative proportion between (d) and if any, is applied to the concentrate composition. In this particular embodiment, the weight percentage values of components (b), (c), and (d), if any, may be treated as an oil of the remainder of the concentrate composition as parts by weight (pbw). Oils and/or base fluids comprising between 0 or 0.1 or 0.5 or even 1 pbw to 10, 20, 30, or even 40 or 50 pbw are included.

In some embodiments, it is useful to specify the weight ratio of component (b) phosphorus-containing compound to component (c) sulfurized fatty ester in the composition of the present invention. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of ingredient (b) to ingredient (c) is from 2.5:1 to 30:1, or from 2.5:1 to 12:1, or from 3:1 to 12:1. The ratio may also be selected from any of the following ranges: to or from 2.8:1 to or from 3.1:1, to or from 3.6:1 to or from 4.6:1 to or from 5.1: 1. To or from 6.1:1, to or from 7.1:1, or to 10.8:1, or to 12.1:1, or to 27.1:1. These ratios are applicable to the industrial gear lubricant composition of the present invention and/or the industrial gear additive concentrate composition of the present invention.

In some embodiments, ingredients (b) and (c) are present in an amount of at least 0.70 weight percent of the total processing ratio of ingredients (b) and (c) in the industrial gear lubricant composition.

In some embodiments, the industrial gear lubricant composition of the present invention provides no more than 360 microns, and in other embodiments no more than 340 microns, no more than 337, as measured by HFRR (see details of test conditions below). Micron, and even 200 or 240 to 357, 340, or 337 micron wear scar diameters.

In some embodiments, the industrial gear lubricant composition of the present invention provides a coefficient of friction of no more than 0.115, and even 0.05 to 0.115, as measured by HFRR (see details of test conditions below).

The present invention includes methods of improving the friction and/or anti-wear properties of industrial gear oil compositions. The method comprises the steps of: (1) adding a component (b) a phosphorus-containing compound and a component (c) a hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative to an industrial gear oil composition comprising (a) a lubricating viscosity oil to generate friction and / or industrial gear oil composition of anti-wear properties. In some embodiments, the method provides improved friction properties. In some embodiments, the method provides improved anti-wear properties. In some embodiments, the method provides improved friction and wear resistance properties.

The invention includes the use of the industrial gear oil composition described to improve the friction and/or wear resistance properties of an industrial gearbox.

The invention also includes the use of an additive kit for improving the friction and/or anti-wear properties of an industrial gear oil composition, wherein the industrial gear oil composition comprises (a) a lubricating viscosity oil, and wherein the additive package comprises (b) phosphorus a compound and (c) a derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid.

The improvement is shown above for the same industrial gear oil composition without one or both of components (b) and (c), which provides an advantage when used together with an industrial gear oil composition.

Unless otherwise indicated, the amounts of each of the chemical components are excluded from any solvent or diluent oil customary for commercial materials, i.e., based on the active chemical. However, unless otherwise indicated, each chemical or composition referred to herein should be interpreted as a commercial grade and may contain isomers, by-products, derivatives, and other such materials which are normally accepted by the commercial class.

The term "hydrocarbyl substituent" or "hydrocarbyl" as used herein is used in its ordinary sense and is known to those of ordinary skill in the art. In particular, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include: -hydrocarbon substituents, ie, aliphatic (eg, alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (eg, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic, aliphatic, and alicyclic Substituting an aromatic substituent, and a cyclic substituent wherein the ring is completed via other moieties of the molecule (eg, two substituents together form a ring); a substituted hydrocarbon substituent, ie, a substituent containing a non-hydrocarbyl group, The main hydrocarbon nature of the substituents (e.g., halogen (especially chlorine and fluorine), hydroxyl groups, alkoxy groups, sulfhydryl groups, alkyl sulfonyl groups, nitro groups, nitroso groups, and fluorenylene groups) are not altered in the context of the present invention; The hetero substituent, that is, in the context of the present invention, although having a main hydrocarbon character, contains a substituent other than carbon in a ring or chain composed of carbon, and includes a pyridyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group, and an imidazolyl group. Heteroatoms include sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Typically, there are no more than two, or no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent per 10 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; alternatively, there may be no non-hydrocarbon substituents in the hydrocarbyl group.

It is known that some of the above materials may interact in the final formulation, such that the ingredients of the final formulation may differ from those originally added. For example, metal ions (such as detergents) can move to other acidic or anionic sites of other molecules. Thus, it is not possible to simply describe the product formed, including the product formed when the composition of the present invention is used for the intended purpose. Nonetheless, all such modifications and reaction products are included within the scope of the invention; the invention comprises compositions prepared by blending the above ingredients.

The invention is best understood by reference to the following non-limiting examples.

[Examples]

A set of examples was prepared and tested to demonstrate the benefits of the present invention. The table below summarizes the formulations of the examples.

Examples 1 to 13 are comparative examples. Each example is free of ingredient (b) or ingredient (c), or ingredient (b) which does not contain sufficient combination of ingredient (c) to produce the benefits of the present invention. Embodiments 14 to 30 are embodiments of the present invention.

Each of the examples used a HFRR (High Frequency Reciprocating Test Equipment) test stand for equipment testing as defined by ASTM D6079. The test conditions were: a load of 700 g, a frequency of 100 Hz, a stroke length of 0.5 mm, and a 100 ° C steady state (constant temperature) operation. The diameter of the wear scar and the coefficient of friction (COF) of the micrometers were measured for each sample. The lower the wear scar value and the lower the COF value, the better the wear performance. The table below summarizes the results collected by this test. The wear scars and COF are reported as average values.

The results show that the compositions of the present invention unexpectedly provide improved properties as shown by the HFRR results.

Comparative Example 1 is a baseline embodiment with only a small amount (less than 0.3 weight percent) of component (b) and no component (c) at all. All of the embodiments of the present invention have better wear results and COF than Example 1.

Comparative Examples 3 to 13 contained an insufficient amount of the component (b), a combination of the insufficient amount of the component (b) and the component (c), or no component (c) at all. All of the inventive examples have better wear results, preferred COF, or both compared to Examples 3 through 13.

Comparative Examples 2 and 14 to 17 are comparative examples showing how much higher the component (b) content is required to achieve a possible result similar to the present invention. Even with such a high treatment ratio, Comparative Example 2 produced poor wear results. Comparative Examples 14 to 17 produced good wear and COF results only at very high component (b) treatment ratios.

Inventive Examples 18 to 30 show that when a combination of ingredients (b) and (c) is used in a suitable manner (sufficient component (b), and a sufficient amount of both components), an increase in efficiency is found, and This benefit is exemplified by the above-described implementation of the different component (b) examples and the different component (c) examples over a wide range of processing ratios.

Each of the above-referenced documents is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, in its entirety, in its entirety, in its entirety, the entire disclosure of the entire disclosure of the entire disclosure. Reference to any document is in no way a consent to the fact that the document is qualified as a prior art in any law or constitutes the ordinary knowledge of those of ordinary skill in the art. It should be understood that all numerical values, reaction conditions, molecular weights, number of carbon atoms, and the like in the description are modified by the word "about" unless otherwise indicated in the examples. It should be understood that the upper and lower limits, ranges, and ratio limits described herein can be independently combined. Similarly, the scope and quantity of various elements of the invention may be used in conjunction with the scope or amount of any other element.

The term "comprising" as used herein is synonymous with "including", "containing", or "characterized by" and is inclusive or open and does not exclude. Additional unreported elements or method steps. However, each statement herein "comprising" is intended to include the phrase "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of" as an alternative embodiment. , "consisting of" excludes any unspecified element or step, and "consisting essentially of" may include additional unreported elements or steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the component or method being considered. .

While the invention has been shown and described with reference to the embodiments of the present invention In this regard, the scope of the invention is limited only by the scope of the following claims.

Claims (16)

An industrial gear oil composition comprising: (a) a lubricating viscosity oil; (b) a phosphorus-containing compound; and (c) a hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative; wherein component (b) is present in more than 0.3% by weight The industrial gear oil composition; and the component (b) and the component (c) are present in the industrial gear oil composition in a total amount of 0.6% by weight or more. The industrial gear oil composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricating viscosity oil comprises a mineral base oil. The industrial gear oil composition of claim 1, wherein the lubricating viscosity oil comprises a synthetic base oil. The industrial gear oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the phosphorus-containing compound comprises an alkyl phosphite, a phosphate, an amine salt of a phosphate, a phosphonate, or some combination thereof. The industrial gear oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the phosphorus-containing compound comprises an alkyl phosphite. The industrial gear oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the (c) hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative comprises a compound derived from a hydroxy-carboxylic acid represented by the following formula: Wherein: a and b may independently be an integer of 1 to 5; X may be an aliphatic group or an alicyclic group, or an aliphatic group or an alicyclic group having an oxygen atom in the carbon chain, or a substituted form of the above formula a group containing up to 6 carbon atoms and having a + b available attachment points; each Y can be independently -O-, >NH, or >NR ³ , or 2 Y together represent between 2 carbonyl groups The nitrogen of the quinone imine structure R ⁴ -N<; and each of R ³ and R ⁴ may independently be hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group, provided that at least one of R ¹ and R ³ may be a hydrocarbon group; each R ² may independently be hydrogen a hydrocarbyl group or a mercapto group, further characterized in that at least one -OR ² group is located in X with respect to at least one carbon atom of -C(O)-YR ¹ group being α or β, and further wherein at least one R ² is hydrogen. The industrial gear oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the (c) hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative comprises a compound derived from a hydroxy-carboxylic acid represented by the following formula: Wherein each R ^{5 is} independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, or wherein the R ⁵ groups together form a ring; wherein the hydroxy-carboxylic acid is reacted with an alcohol and/or an amine to undergo a condensation reaction to form a hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative. The industrial gear oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative comprises ruthenium diamine, diester, diamine, ruthenium amide, hydrazine or citric acid. An imidate, or an ester-melamine derivative. The industrial gear oil composition of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the composition further comprises (d) one or more additional additives; wherein component (d) comprises more than one sulfurized olefin, phosphate, thiophosphoric acid Salts, phosphorothioates and/or amine salts thereof, thiadiazoles and/or substituted thiadiazoles, tolyltriazoles and/or substituted triazoles, polyethers, alkenylamines and/or polyolefin guanamines Polyolefin amide alkenamines, ester copolymers, carboxylates, dispersants, defoamers, hydrocarbon polymers, sulfurized fatty esters, and/or any combination thereof. The industrial gear oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the weight ratio of the component (b) to the component (c) in the industrial gear oil composition is from 2.5:1 to 30:1. The industrial gear oil composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein component (b) is from 0.3 to 10% by weight of the total industrial gear oil composition; and wherein component (c) is all industrial gear oil composition 0.1 to 10% by weight. A method of making an industrial gear oil composition comprising the steps of: (1) mixing the following components: (a) a lubricating viscosity oil; (b) a phosphorus-containing compound; and (c) a hydroxy-carboxylic acid derivative; The component (b) is present in the industrial gear oil composition in an amount of more than 0.3% by weight; and the component (b) and the component (c) are present in the industrial gear oil composition in a total amount of 0.6% by weight or more; The industrial gear oil composition is produced. The method of claim 11, wherein the lubricating viscosity oil comprises a mineral base oil, a synthetic base oil, or a combination thereof; wherein the phosphorus-containing compound comprises an alkyl phosphite, a phosphate, an amine salt of a phosphate, or a combination thereof Wherein the derivative of the hydroxy-carboxylic acid comprises ruthenium diamine, diester, diamine, guanimine, ruthenium, or ester-decylamine derivative of tartaric acid or citric acid; 1) optionally further comprising (d) mixing more than one additional additive into the industrial gear oil composition; wherein component (d) comprises more than one sulfurized olefin, phosphate, thiophosphate, phosphorothioate and / or its amine salt, thiadiazole and / or substituted thiadiazole, tolyltriazole and / or substituted triazole, polyether, alkenylamine and / or polyolefin amide amine, ester copolymer, Carboxylic esters, dispersants, defoamers, hydrocarbon polymers, sulfurized fatty esters, and/or any combination thereof. A method for improving the friction and anti-wear properties of an industrial gear oil composition, comprising the steps of: (1) adding the following components to an industrial gear oil composition comprising (a) a lubricating viscosity oil: (b) a phosphorus-containing compound; And (c) a derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid; wherein component (b) is present in the industrial gear oil composition in an amount of more than 0.3% by weight; and wherein component (b) and component (c) are a total of 0.6% by weight The above is present in the industrial gear oil composition; An industrial gear oil composition having improved friction and anti-wear properties of the composition is produced. The method of claim 13, wherein the lubricating viscosity oil comprises a mineral base oil, a synthetic base oil, or a combination thereof; wherein the phosphorus-containing compound comprises an alkyl phosphite, a phosphate, an amine salt of a phosphate, or a combination thereof Wherein the derivative of the hydroxy-carboxylic acid comprises ruthenium diamine, diester, diamine, guanimine, ruthenium, or ester-decylamine derivative of tartaric acid or citric acid; 1) optionally further comprising (d) mixing more than one additional additive into the industrial gear oil composition; wherein component (d) comprises more than one sulfurized olefin, phosphate, thiophosphate, phosphorothioate and / or its amine salt, thiadiazole and / or substituted thiadiazole, tolyltriazole and / or substituted triazole, polyether, alkenylamine and / or polyolefin amide amine, ester copolymer, Carboxylic esters, dispersants, defoamers, hydrocarbon polymers, sulfurized fatty esters, and/or any combination thereof. An additive kit for improving the friction and anti-wear properties of an industrial gear oil composition; wherein the industrial gear oil composition comprises (a) a lubricating viscosity oil; and wherein the additive kit comprises (b) a phosphorus-containing compound and (c) a derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid; wherein component (b) is present in the industrial gear oil composition in an amount of more than 0.3% by weight; and component (b) and component (c) are present in a total amount of 0.6% by weight or more The industrial gear oil composition.