TW201447154A - High vacuum ball valve - Google Patents

Abstract

A ball valve having a valve stem assembly disposed within a valve body through-hole. The valve body through-hole is encircled with secondary bores to accommodate components of the valve stem assembly. The valve stem assembly includes an upper bearing and lower bearing, which are seated into corresponding secondary bores and a stem seal that seats within a stem seal gland. The upper bearing further includes a step that interdigitates with the stem seal gland to form a stem seal groove when the valve stem assembly is disposed within the through-hole.

Description

High vacuum ball valve [Cross-reference to related patent applications]

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Application Serial No. 13/843,003, filed on March 15, 2013, which is incorporated herein by reference. U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/285,585, filed on Dec. 11, 2009, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Into this article, including any graphics, tables or diagrams.

Ball valves are one of several types of "right-angled" closed valves. Such valves are typically held between two sealed connections and operated by rotating a ball inside the valve body. The ball has a through hole or bore that is lined with the open end of the valve to allow flow. When the ball is rotated by attaching a handle or other actuator, the cymbal becomes smaller and blocks the flow through the valve. Normally, if the ball is rotated a full 90°, the turns become perpendicular to the end of the valve and completely block the flow. Many variations can use a ball with more than one turn so that when the valve is turned, the flow is redirected via different valves and further rotated to completely close the flow. Larger valves with heavier balls (such as those used on pipelines or water mains) A trunnion can be additionally used to help support the ball and prevent damage to internal components.

Ball valves are required in the industry because they are capable of quick opening and leak proof closed seals. However, spherical valves used in industrial applications are typically exposed to various chemical compounds in liquid or gaseous form which can corrode components, which reduces internal sealing. It is common for spherical valves used in the industry to be exposed to excessive temperatures (below 0 °F to above 1000 °F) and pressures (10 to ¹⁰ mm Hg to above 100 PSI). Typically, the seal between the central stem and the stem seal is most susceptible to damage. An embodiment of a valve stem seal that is common to those skilled in the art is an O-ring. For the purposes of this discussion, the term valve stem is interchangeable with an O-ring.

High temperatures are a particular problem and can have the greatest impact due to expansion of the stem seal material. Various specialized metal or elastomeric materials have been developed to withstand the chemical or environmental limits of each application. The valve body design has also been modified to accommodate expansion of the stem seal within the valve gland. Nevertheless, the squeeze of the stem seal material into the surrounding space during temperature induced expansion is still a problem. Further, this can have an adverse effect not only on the integrity of the stem seal, but also on the surrounding components that the expansion stem seal material contacts.

As technology changes and develops, ball valves are increasingly used in a wider variety of industrial applications. Therefore, ball valve seals are required to withstand a wide range of conditions, including greater temperature extremes and corrosion conditions. There is a need for a ball valve design that can withstand high temperature and high pressure conditions with minimal or no leakage. More specifically, there is a need for a necessary leak control and containment at different temperatures. A spherical valve design for temperature-induced or chemically induced expansion of the stem seal material.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a ball valve having an improved leak proof component. A particular embodiment relates to a ball valve that can be used to achieve a leak tight seal around the valve stem and the valve body using a non-metallic material and an improved valve body. Embodiments of the present spherical valve may use non-metallic upper and lower bearings and a modified stem seal positioned in the valve gland to achieve a leak proof seal. Advantageously, the ball valve according to the present invention can be configured for use in a variety of applications by varying the materials used for the valve stem seal.

More particular embodiments can include a stem seal disposed within a valve gland having a significant elimination or reduction of compression of the stem seal material between the valve stem and the valve body and providing a stem seal The ideal compressed size. Still other embodiments have an upper bearing that can include a countersunk lip that extends into the gland. A further embodiment can include a lower bearing cup that can engage the lower end of the valve stem to stabilize the valve stem and prevent lateral movement of the lower portion of the valve stem.

Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention provide a ball valve that has increased resistance to temperature induced or chemically induced stem seal leakage. Advantages of various embodiments of the present spherical valve include, but are not limited to, valve gland and surrounding bearing constraining the stem seal and preventing improper sealing of the stem seal into the surrounding space and stabilizing the valve stem and reducing the lateral stem The ability to move.

Various embodiments of the valve according to the present invention (such as the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1A, 7A to 7F, 8A to 8F, and 9) may include a valve body, wherein the valve body has A through hole from the outer wall surface through the valve body wall to the inner wall surface. The proximal end of the through hole is an opening in the inner wall surface and a through hole The distal end is an opening in the outer wall surface. The through hole may have a body gland section disposed proximal to the outer wall surface, wherein the body gland section has a circular cross section having a first radius. The through hole may also have a body intermediate section having a circular cross section having a second radius. It should be noted that Figure 7E illustrates an embodiment that does not have a body intermediate section. The through hole also has a lower base disposed between the intermediate portion of the body and the inner wall surface, wherein at least a portion of the lower base has a third radius such that the second radius is smaller than the first radius and the second radius is third The radius is smaller.

The valve also includes a valve stem, wherein the valve stem has a head proximate the proximal end of the valve stem, a valve stem intermediate section having a circular cross section, and a valve stem gland section. The middle section of the stem is between the head and the stem gland section. It should be noted that Figure 7E illustrates an embodiment that does not have a valve stem intermediate section. At least a portion of the stem gland section has a circular cross-section such that the stem seal contacts a portion of the stem gland section having a circular cross-section. Preferably, the entire stem gland section has a circular cross section. The valve body and the valve stem are adjusted such that the distal end of the valve stem can enter the proximal end of the through hole and into the through hole such that at least a portion of the head is in the lower base. At least a portion of the head has a head radius that is greater than the second radius, the head radius preventing the valve stem from completely penetrating the through hole. The head and lower base are adjusted such that the lower bearing cup can be placed such that the lower bearing cup prevents contact between the outer surface of the head and the inner surface of the lower base when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole. FIGS. 1A and 8A through 8F illustrate embodiments in which bearing cups of various shapes are used. Adjusting the stem gland section and the body gland section such that a stem seal can be placed around the stem gland section to contact the outer surface of the stem gland section around the circumference of the stem gland section And when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole, Place the stem seal in the stem seal gland. The valve stem gland is formed by the outer surface of the valve stem gland section, the inner surface of the main gland section, the near stem sealing gland surface, and the distal stem sealing gland surface. The near stem sealing gland surface is the distal surface of the intermediate section of the body. For the purposes of the description, when describing various surfaces of the valve stem, the through hole, the lower bearing cup, and the section of the upper seal, (i) the outer edge surface may refer to at least a portion having at least partially facing the outer side of the portion. surface. In a particular embodiment, some of the outer edge surfaces have a normal that is substantially perpendicular (if not perpendicular) to the longitudinal axis of the valve stem and the longitudinal axis of the through hole, and (ii) the inner edge surface is similar to the outer edge surface but The face faces the longitudinal axis of the through hole and/or the longitudinal axis of the valve stem, and the face (iii) may refer to a portion of the surface having a surface having at least a portion that faces at least partially distally or proximally, wherein the distal face is located The distal end and the proximal face of the portion are located at the proximal end of the portion. In a particular embodiment, some of the faces have normals that are substantially parallel (if not parallel) to the longitudinal axis of the through hole and/or the longitudinal axis of the valve stem. When (i) the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole, (ii) a stem seal is placed around the stem gland section to contact the outer surface of the stem gland section around the circumference of the stem gland section (iii) placing a valve stem seal within the valve stem gland, and (iv) applying a pressure differential between the first region distal the outer wall surface and the second region proximal the inner wall surface to cause the first region When the first pressure is higher than the second pressure of the second region, a first seal is formed between the stem seal and the outer surface of the stem cap segment, and the stem seal and the proximal stem seal cap surface are A second seal is created between them. A first seal and a second seal are created to maintain a pressure differential between the first region distal the outer wall surface and the second region proximal the inner wall surface. The first seal and the second seal are maintained while the valve stem is rotated relative to the valve body about the longitudinal axis of the valve stem.

The lower base may have various cross-sectional shapes depending on the shape of the lower bearing cup, and preferably has a circular cross section. In a particular embodiment, the distal end of the valve stem extends past the outer wall surface when the distal end of the valve stem enters the proximal end of the through hole and is transferred into the through hole such that at least a portion of the head is in the lower base. This condition may allow the handle or other mechanism to interconnect the stem and rotate the valve stem.

Although the outer surface of the head can have various shapes, in a particular embodiment, the outer surface of the head has a head surface and a head outer edge surface, and the lower base inner surface has a lower base surface and a lower base inner edge surface, The lower bearing cup prevents contact between the head face and the lower base face when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole and prevents contact between the outer edge surface of the head and the inner edge surface of the lower base.

The lower bearing cup may have a face portion and an edge portion such that when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole, the lower bearing cup is placed to prevent contact between the head face and the lower base face and to prevent the outer edge surface of the head from being Contact between the inner edge surfaces of the lower base, wherein the edge portions contain lateral movement of the head relative to the lower base. The edge portion maintains a lateral movement of the head relative to the lower base that is less than or equal to a maximum lateral movement, wherein lateral movement greater than the maximum lateral movement results in a valve stem between the outer surface of the valve stem gland section and the proximal valve stem gland surface Improper extrusion of the seal. The reason for this is that if excessive lateral movement is allowed between the head and the lower base, wherein the lateral movement is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the valve stem and/or the longitudinal axis of the through hole, the valve stem will be squeezed between the valve stem and the valve body. The seal, which tends to break the seal. In a particular embodiment, wherein the head has a circular cross section having a head radius, the lower base has a circular cross section having a third radius and the head radius Three radius The difference between the differences is less than or equal to the thickness of the edge portion of the lower bearing cup plus the maximum lateral movement.

A particular embodiment is directed to a ball valve wherein the valve stem has a raised portion extending proximally from the head such that the protruding portion extends proximally past the inner wall surface and engages when the valve stem is fully extended into the through bore The ball is such that the ball rotates when the valve stem is rotated about the longitudinal axis of the valve stem.

In a particular embodiment, such as shown in FIG. 7A, the through hole can have an upper section having a circular cross section having a fourth radius, wherein the upper section is in the body The sealing gland section is distal, the fourth radius is the same as the second radius, and the proximal face of the upper section is near the valve stem gland. In other embodiments, the fourth radius is different from the second radius.

When the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole and a pressure difference is applied, the upper bearing can be placed at a position distal of the stem seal between the valve stem and the valve body. The upper bearing is combined with the lower bearing cup to prevent contact between the valve stem and the through hole. The upper bearing in combination with the lower bearing cup also maintains the stem seal gland in place to avoid improper compression of the stem seal.

The through hole may have an upper base, wherein the upper base has a radius at least as large as the second radius at various locations around the circumference of the upper base, wherein the upper bearing is disposed in the upper base when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole At least part. The upper base can provide a position for all or a portion of the upper bearing and can provide a structure to prevent the upper bearing from allowing excessive lateral movement of the valve stem above the valve stem seal relative to the valve body. In one embodiment, the upper bearing and the lower bearing cup are combined to prevent contact between the valve stem and the through hole when the valve stem is rotated up to 90 degrees about the longitudinal axis of the valve stem. In a particular embodiment (such as shown in Figure 1A), the upper bearing At least a portion of the near face is a near stem sealing gland. The upper bearing can have a step at the proximal end of the main upper bearing body and the upper bearing. When the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole, a step may be placed in the main gland section such that the outer edge surface of the step contacts a portion of the inner radial surface of the main gland section, the portion is sealed with the stem The inner radial surface of the cover is connected, wherein the proximal face of the step is the distal stem sealing gland. Figure 1A illustrates this embodiment.

This step in combination with the lower bearing cup prevents contact between the outer surface of the stem intermediate portion and the inner surface of the intermediate portion of the body by maintaining the lateral movement of the valve stem relative to the main gland section less than or equal to the maximum lateral movement. Lateral movement greater than the maximum lateral movement may result in improper compression of the stem seal between the outer surface of the stem cap section and the near stem sealing gland face and such lateral movement should be avoided. In a particular embodiment, the step has an annular cross-section having an internal step radius and an outer step radius, wherein the difference between the inner step radius and the radius of the segment of the valve stem contacting the step plus The difference between a radius and an outer step radius is less than or equal to the maximum lateral movement.

Referring to Figure 7E, this figure illustrates an embodiment that does not have a body intermediate section or a valve stem intermediate section. In an embodiment, the valve has a valve body having a through hole from the outer wall surface through the valve body wall to the inner wall surface. The proximal end of the through hole is an opening in the inner wall surface and the distal end of the through hole is an opening in the outer wall surface. The through hole has: a main body gland section disposed on a proximal side of the outer wall surface, wherein the main body gland section has a circular cross section having a first radius; and is disposed in the main body gland section and the inner portion a lower base between the wall surfaces, wherein at least a portion of the lower base has a second radius and the second radius is greater than the first radius. The valve also has a valve stem, wherein the valve stem has a head proximate the proximal end of the valve stem And a valve stem gland section, wherein at least a portion of the valve stem gland section has a circular cross section and the valve stem gland section is distal to the head. The valve body and the valve stem are adjusted such that the distal end of the valve stem can enter the proximal end of the through hole and into the through hole such that at least a portion of the head is in the lower base. At least a portion of the head has a larger head radius than the first radius. The head and lower base are adjusted such that the lower bearing cup can be placed such that the lower bearing cup prevents contact between the outer surface of the head and the inner surface of the lower base when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole. Adjusting the stem gland section and the body gland section such that a stem seal can be placed around the stem gland section to contact the outer surface of the stem gland section around the circumference of the stem gland section And when the valve stem is completely inserted into the through hole, the valve stem seal is disposed in the valve stem sealing gland, wherein the valve stem sealing gland is covered by the outer surface of the valve stem gland section and the inner surface of the main body gland section , near the valve stem sealing gland surface and the distal valve stem sealing gland surface. When (i) the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole, (ii) a stem seal is placed around the stem gland section to contact the outer surface of the stem gland section around the circumference of the stem gland section (iii) placing a valve stem seal within the valve stem gland, and (iv) applying a pressure differential between the first region distal the outer wall surface and the second region proximal the inner wall surface to cause the first region The first pressure is higher than the second pressure of the second region, and a first seal is formed between the stem seal and the outer surface of the stem cap segment and is in the stem seal and the near stem seal gland A second seal is created between. The first seal and the second seal maintain a pressure differential between the first region distal the outer wall surface and the second region proximal the inner wall surface. The first seal and the second seal are maintained while the valve stem is rotated relative to the valve body about the longitudinal axis of the valve stem. Moreover, in a specific embodiment, the outer surface of the head may have a head surface and an outer edge surface of the head, and the inner surface of the lower base has a lower base surface and an inner surface of the lower base. The lower bearing cup prevents contact between the head face and the lower seat face and prevents contact between the head outer edge surface and the lower base inner edge surface when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole. In a particular embodiment, such as shown in Figure 7E, the lower bearing cup provides a near stem sealing gland.

In a particular embodiment, the combination of the lower bearing cup and the upper bearing constrains lateral movement of the head of the valve stem relative to the lower base over the valve stem seal and constrains lateral movement of the valve stem relative to the valve body to limit valve stem relative The rotation of the valve body is such that the angle between the longitudinal axis of the valve stem and the longitudinal axis of the valve body is maintained less than 5°, maintained less than 4° and/or maintained less than 3°. To accomplish this maintenance, the tolerance of the lower bearing cup, the upper bearing, and the portion in contact with the above may be less than or equal to 0.004 Torr.

20‧‧‧ fastening parts

50‧‧‧ Near end

75‧‧‧ distal

100‧‧‧ valve body

105‧‧‧ upper edge

110‧‧‧Upper base

130‧‧‧Lower base

135‧‧‧ lower edge

150‧‧‧Tail seal gland

170‧‧‧through hole

190‧‧‧ hole

200‧‧‧ valve stem assembly

300‧‧‧ valve stem

310‧‧‧First narrow end

311‧‧‧ thread

320‧‧‧flat face

330‧‧‧Intermediate sealing area

331‧‧‧ Middle section

335‧‧‧ sealing surface

350‧‧‧ head

370‧‧‧ second narrow end

400‧‧‧ Lower bearing cup

410‧‧‧ inner surface

415‧‧‧Central stem opening

420‧‧‧ inner surface

430‧‧‧ outer surface

500‧‧‧Upper bearing

515‧‧‧ stem opening

520‧‧‧Ladder

525‧‧‧step depth

600‧‧‧ stem seals

A‧‧‧surrounding part

T‧‧‧ thickness

W‧‧‧Width

A more particular description of various embodiments of the present invention will be shown in the claims It is understood that the drawings are not to be construed as being limited to the details Any variation that would allow the embodiments of the invention to perform such dimensions for the desired purpose is considered to be within the scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings are intended to be illustrative of the exemplary embodiments of the invention, In the drawings: Figure 1A is a front cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the invention having a valve stem assembly positioned within a valve body.

1B a perspective view of a first embodiment of the system of FIG one embodiment of the valve body of the present invention.

Figure 2A and Figure 2B based on one of a top plan view of the embodiment of the present invention, a bearing embodiment.

FIG. 3A, FIG. 3B-1 first, second and FIG. 3B-2, respectively, based on FIG. 3C perspective view of one embodiment of a valve stem of the present invention, a front elevational view, a plan view and a right side elevational view of the distal end.

Figure 4A and Figure 4B are respectively a partial sectional view of the valve system of the embodiment of the present invention may be used and enlarged cross-sectional view. Figure 4A illustrates the right side of the partially sectioned valve body to show the structure of the through hole in the valve body. Fig. 4B is an enlarged view of the surrounding portion "A" in Fig. 4A, illustrating the through hole structure in more detail.

FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B a front elevational view and a sectional view taken through line AA of the right raised side under one embodiment of the present invention, a bearing system, respectively.

Figure 6 is a photograph of a typical valve stem seal that can be used in embodiments of the valve stem assembly of the present invention.

7A through 7F illustrate various embodiments of the present invention that modify one or more aspects of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1A.

Figures 8A through 8F illustrate six embodiments similar to the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1A, in which the lower bearing cup, the stem head and the lower base have been modified relative to the embodiment shown in Figure 1A. The shape.

Figure 9 illustrates an embodiment similar to the embodiment shown in Figure 1A, in which the shape of the lower bearing cup, the upper bearing, the head of the valve stem and the lower base have been modified relative to the embodiment shown in Figure 1A. . The cross section of the threaded fastening component is also shown.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to mounting for a leak proof valve stem assembly Set the method. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to a valve stem assembly that can be used at temperatures between about 20 ° C and 200 ° C without leakage of various components.

The following description will disclose embodiments that are particularly useful in the field of right angle rotary valve assemblies, particularly ball valve devices. However, those skilled in the art will be able to identify numerous other uses that would be applicable to embodiments of the present invention. While the subject application describes a particular use within a spherical valve device, other modifications apparent to those skilled in the art and the benefit of the subject disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Also, as used herein, and unless specifically stated otherwise, the terms "operably connected" and "operably connected" or the like mean to connect a particular element in a cooperative manner to achieve the intended function or the plurality of intended functions. "Connection" can be direct or indirect, physical or remote.

In addition, as used herein, and unless specifically stated otherwise, references to "first," "second," and the like (eg, first surface and second surface) are intended to identify a particular feature of at least the two. . However, such references are not intended to give any order of time, structural orientation, or side (eg, left or right) relative to a particular feature.

The following specific examples are intended to be illustrative only, and numerous modifications and changes will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are used in the s

Referring to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, as seen in FIG. 1A, an embodiment generally includes a valve body 100 having an upper base 110 , a lower base 130 , and a valve pressure. The cover or stem seals the gland 150 , the central through hole 170, and the aperture 190 . A valve stem assembly 200 is positioned within the through bore 170 , the valve stem assembly including a valve stem 300 , a lower bearing cup 400 , an upper bearing 500, and a stem seal 600 , each configured to be operatively mounted within the through bore 170 such that The valve stem 300 can be a ball valve 900 (not shown) that is operatively attached within the bore 190 . For ease of writing, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the proximal end 50 and the distal end 75 , the proximal and distal ends being illustrated in position on the figures for purposes of reference.

Most of the valve body 100 configuration includes a bore 190 that includes a valve ball and a through bore 170 for containing a valve stem assembly 200 that can have operative contact with the valve ball. In general, the valve ball has a central passage or bore for directing flow between the open ends of the bore. There are several types of valve balls, including but not limited to, full sputum, reduced sputum, and V-shaped sputum, all of which are known to those skilled in the art. Further, there are several types of valve bodies known to those skilled in the art including, but not limited to, a single body, a three-piece body, a split body, a top inlet, and a welded version. One embodiment of the valve stem assembly disclosed herein uses a single body valve configuration with a full ball valve. However, it is to be understood that the substitution of the replacement valve body and/or the valve ball will be encompassed within the scope of the embodiments disclosed herein, in addition to those specifically illustrated herein.

The through hole 170 may be defined as a volume between the upper edge 105 and the lower edge 135 , which are illustrated in FIGS. 1A, 4A-4B, 8A-8F, and 9th. An example. In a particular embodiment, the portion of the through hole 170 having the smallest diameter, the diameter of the through-hole 170 is between 0.554 inches and about 0.558 inches. In a particular embodiment, the through hole 170 has a diameter of about 0.556 在 at the portion of the through hole having the smallest diameter. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A, the portion of the through hole 170 having the smallest diameter may be referred to as the intermediate portion 331 . The upper base 110 and the stem sealing gland 150 and the lower base 130 adjacent to the upper base 110 may also surround the through hole 170 . An example of this embodiment can be seen in Figures 1A and 4B. Details of the through hole 170 will be discussed below with respect to the lower bearing 400 , the upper bearing 500, and the stem seal 600 that are mated with the through holes.

The valve stem 300 is placed in line with the through hole 170 . The valve stem 300 can be an elongated rod having a first narrow end 310 , an intermediate sealing region 330 supported by one or more seals, a head 350, and a second narrow end 370 . In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1A, the first end 310 has a portion that is narrow to interconnect with the handle and a second end that has a narrow portion to allow interconnection with the ball. In certain embodiments, the ends 310 and 370 need not be narrow, but may have various shapes and sizes that allow the valve stem 300 to be inserted into the through hole 170 in at least one orientation without passing through it all the way. 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate a valve stem assembly 200 that can be used with embodiments of the present invention. In this embodiment, the valve stem 300 is long enough to allow the first end 310 to extend across the upper edge 105 and the second narrow end 370 to extend past the lower edge 135 . In other specific embodiments, the first end 310 need not extend over the upper edge 105, and is interconnected with the handle for rotation about the longitudinal axis of the stem 300 of stem 300 without requiring rotation of the first end 310 extends beyond the upper edge 105. Likewise, in certain embodiments, the second end 370 need not extend beyond the lower edge 135 and may be interconnected between the valve stem 300 and the ball of the ball valve by rotating the valve stem about the same longitudinal axis 300 allows the ball to be rotated about the longitudinal axis of the valve stem 300 . In a particular embodiment, the total length of the valve stem 300 from the distal end 75 to the proximal end 50 is between about 2.0 吋 and 2.2 ,, and the valve stem can have a diameter between 0.50 吋 and 0.55 。. In a more specific embodiment, the total length of the valve stem 300 from the distal end 75 to the proximal end 50 is about 2.145 inches, and the valve stem can have a diameter of about 0.548 inches. Advantageously, in this particular embodiment, the diameter of the valve stem 300 can reduce the draw of the stem seal 600 and can help achieve 15% of the ideal stem seal 600 compression, as will be discussed below. In a particular embodiment, the valve stem 300 and the stem sealing gland are sized such that a pre-load compression factor of 10%-20% is achieved for the stem seal 600 , and after loading (eg, within the bore 190 ) Vacuum), the compression factor is increased to produce a better seal. In further particular embodiments, the preload compression factor is in the range of 12%-18% and/or 14%-16%.

In one embodiment, a first narrow end includes a ridge portion 310, tip, teeth, threads or the like convex portion, the convex portion may be those with at least one fastening member 20 is compatible. In a particular embodiment, the first narrow end 310 has threads 311 to accommodate at least one compatible threaded fastening component 20 that can be screwed onto the entire valve stem assembly 200 or otherwise with the valve The rod assembly engages to compress and maintain pressure on the component to ensure a leak proof seal. This threaded fastening component 20 can comprise any of a variety of devices known to those skilled in the art. For example, the fastening component 20 can include a typical hex nut or square nut, a prevailing torque lock nut (often used in high temperature applications), a wing nut, a lock nut, or any similar device. In a particular embodiment, the threads on the first narrow end 310 extend from the distal end 75 by a length of about 1.250 inches.

Alternatively, the fastening component can comprise a ratchet-like configuration known to those skilled in the art. In this embodiment, the pawl nut or flange can be engaged with one or more teeth or ridges on the first narrow end 310 . Pushing the pawl nut onto the first narrow end 310 causes the pawl nut to engage the toothing, the teeth being tilted to prevent the pawl nut from moving rearward. Those skilled in the art will be able to devise any of the various methods and apparatus for compressing and maintaining the pressure on the components of the valve stem assembly 200 of the embodiments of the present invention. Such variations are encompassed within the scope of embodiments of the invention. Examples include, but are not limited to, split pins and/or tapered stems.

In another embodiment, the first narrow end 310 has a circumferential shape such that the first narrow end can be operatively coupled to an actuator, handle or lever that is capable of rotating the valve stem 300 . Well known in the prior art, the stem 300 is rotated about the longitudinal axis or rotation of the stem 300 to rotate the ball to control the flow through the ball valve. Often, rotation of the valve stem 300 is performed using a handle or lever that is operatively attached to the first narrow end 310 to provide torque. To facilitate this attachment, the shape of the first narrow end 310 can be no different than the combination of the wrench and nut such that the first narrow end is interleaved or otherwise interconnected with the attachment mechanism of the handle or lever. In an embodiment, at least a portion of the first narrow end 310 has a face 320 . In a more particular embodiment, at least a portion of the two opposite sides of the first narrow end 310 includes a face 320 as seen, for example, in Figures 3A and 3B. In an alternate embodiment, at least a portion of the two or more sides comprise a flat face 320 . In an embodiment, one or more flat faces 320 can be cooperatively engaged with the handle or lever. In a particular embodiment, each flattened side has a length from the distal end of the first narrow end 310 of 0.920 inches. In another particular embodiment, at least a portion of the first narrow end 310 that is closest to the intermediate seal region 330 remains circular, as seen in Figures 3A-3C, which ensures sufficient engagement with the fastening member 20 . .

In an embodiment, when the valve stem assembly 200 is fully constructed, the intermediate seal region 330 is disposed within the through bore 170 and is sealed by at least portions of each of the lower bearing 400 , the upper bearing 500, and the valve stem seal gland 150 . The other part of the surrounding valve stem 300 . And the stem portion 300 of the stem packing gland 150 may be referred to the stem gland matching section 300 of the stem, the body portion and the intermediate portion of the matching stem 300 may be referred to the stem intermediate portion, and The portion of the valve stem 300 that the base 130 is mated below the valve body may be referred to as the head 350 , and the portion of the valve stem 300 that mates with the upper base 110 may be referred to as the upper stem section. Of course, the diameter of the intermediate sealing region 330 may vary depending on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the size of the through hole 170 , the position of the bearing and stem sealing gland 150 , the type of sealing surface, and will be familiar with this item. Other factors known to the skilled person. In an embodiment, the intermediate seal region 330 has a length between 0.40 吋 and 0.50 。 and a diameter between 0.53 吋 and 0.55 。. In a particular embodiment, the intermediate seal region 330 has a length of about 0.450 inches and a diameter of about 0.5484 inches.

In another embodiment, the lower bearing 400 , the upper bearing 500, and the stem seal 600 surround the sealing surface 335 on the exterior of the intermediate seal region 330 and are at least partially in contact with the sealing surface. In an alternate embodiment, the lower bearing 400 , the upper bearing 500, and the stem seal 600 surround the sealing surface 335 , but only the stem seal 600 completely contacts the entire circumference of the sealing surface. The sealing surface can be configured with any of a number of textures or finishes that create suitable sealing capabilities. Those skilled in the art will be able to determine the appropriate texture or finish suitable for the sealing surface. In a particular embodiment, the sealing surface is a generally smooth, continuous surface as shown, for example, in Figure 3A.

To help maintain the placement of the valve stem assembly 200 within the through bore 170 and the compression of the stem assembly 200 components, the valve stem 300 can further include a head 350 that can be closer to the proximal end 50 of the intermediate seal region 330 . When the valve stem assembly 200 is constructed, the head 350 can be placed within the base 130 below the valve body 100 . Figure 1A illustrates an example of this arrangement. In an embodiment, the outer diameter of the head 350 is larger than the outer diameter of the intermediate seal region 330 . Since the head 350 of the valve stem has an outer diameter that is larger than the diameter of at least a portion of the through hole 170 in at least one direction, the head 350 at least prevents the valve stem from passing through the through hole 170 in the other direction. In another embodiment, the head 350 has a circular outer circumference. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that head 350 can have any of a variety of outer circumferential shapes including, but not limited to, elliptical, square, triangular, rectangular or any other polygon. 1A, 8A through 8F, and 9 illustrate examples of various embodiments. When the fastening component 20 is applied to the first narrow end 310 , the head 350 can apply a reaction that can maintain the position of the valve stem assembly 200 within the through hole 170 and help compress the valve stem 300 components. The size of the head 350 may vary depending on various factors known to those skilled in the art including, but not limited to, the circumferential shape of the head 350 , the material of the valve stem 300 , and compression applied to the stem member. The amount, the size of the second narrow end 370 (discussed below), and other factors. In a particular embodiment, the head 350 has a circular circumference having an outer diameter between 0.70 吋 and 0.72 及 and a length from the distal end 75 to the proximal end 50 between 0.110 吋 and 0.115 。. In a particular embodiment, the head 350 has a circular circumference of about 0.715 inches in diameter and a length from the distal end 75 to the proximal end 50 of about 0.113 inches.

Immediately following the head 350 is a second narrow end 370 that is located at the proximal end 50 of the valve stem 300 . The second narrow end 370 can engage a slot, groove, channel or other opening in the ball valve and facilitate rotation of the ball valve when the actuator that is operatively coupled to the first narrow end 310 is rotated. The second narrow end 370 can have any of a variety of shapes or configurations that are compatible with the slots or grooves on the ball valve, including sliding or interlocking connections. In a particular embodiment, some or all of the second narrow end 370 can extend wider than the head 350 . In a further particular embodiment, the head portion 350 and the second narrow end 370 are shaped such that the distal end 75 of the valve stem 300 can be inserted into the central through bore 170 from the proximal end of the central through bore and through the central through bore 170 and from the central through bore 170 The distal end extends. Those skilled in the art having the benefit of this application will be able to determine the appropriate configuration for the second narrow end 370 . Any and all such variations are contemplated within the scope of various embodiments of the invention.

In one embodiment, the second narrow end 370 is generally a protrusion extending from the proximal end 50 of the head 350 , such as shown in Figures 3A and 3C. In this embodiment, the shape of the second narrow end 370 allows the second narrow end to engage the slot in the ball valve. Accordingly, it should be understood that the size of the second narrow end 370 may depend on the apparent to those skilled in the art variation factors. In a particular embodiment, the second narrow end 370 has a length from the distal end 75 to the proximal end 50 between 0.30 吋 and 0.35 ,, and a total across the head 350 between 0.70 吋 and 0.72 吋. Width W, and a thickness between about 0.150 吋 and about 0.155 。. This embodiment can be modified to produce another embodiment having a thickness between 0.250 Å and 0.350 Å. In a more specific embodiment (examples of this embodiment illustrated in Figures 3B-1 and 3C), the second narrow end 370 has a length from the distal end 75 to the proximal end 50 of about 0.332 inches, about 0.715 inches. The total width W of the cross-head 350 is, and the thickness T of about 0.153 inches. This embodiment can be modified to have a thickness T of about 0.305 。.

As discussed above, the rotation of the actuator operatively attached to the first narrow end 310 controls the flow through the ball valve. The actuator is typically, but not necessarily, an elongate handle or lever mechanism having a portion shaped to be operatively attached to the first narrow end 310 of the valve stem 300 . The actuator can be controlled manually or pneumatically or electropneumatically. In an embodiment, the alignment of the first narrow end 310 with respect to the second narrow end 370 allows attachment of the actuator such that when the weir is aligned with the open end of the valve, the actuator is also in line or generally aligned with the valve. parallel. This allows the position of the valve to be easily determined by visual inspection. Conversely, when the rotary actuator 90° is substantially perpendicular to the valve, it also rotates and effectively closes the cymbal as indicated by the position of the actuator.

As discussed above, the valve stem 300 can be disposed within the through bore 170 in the valve body 100 . One or more secondary holes may surround the through holes 170 , and different sealing members may be positioned into the secondary holes to prevent leakage through the through holes 170 . In an embodiment, the secondary holes may include an upper base 110 , a lower base 130, and a valve stem gland 150 . In another embodiment, the valve assembly 200 includes a valve stem 300 and the sealing members that are positionable within respective secondary bores.

Starting from the proximal end 50 of the through hole 170, it can be seen in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A that the lower base 130 surrounds the through hole 170 and abuts the hole 190 . The head 350 of the valve stem 300 can be positioned within the lower base 130 . To facilitate proper alignment and fit between the head portion 350 and lower base 130, may be (lower bearing cups with each other such as shown in FIG. 5A of FIG. 5B) at a bearing cup 400 is disposed between the head 350 and the lower base 130 , for example, as shown in Figure 1A. Thus, the lower base 130 can be sized such that the head 350 and associated lower bearing cup 400 can be placed in the lower base 130 with minimal clearance. This can help stabilize the valve stem 300 , reducing or preventing contact between the head 350 and the lower base 130 . In one embodiment, the lower base 130 is generally circular with a diameter between 0.780 吋 and 0.820 。. In a particular embodiment, the lower base 130 is generally circular with a diameter of about 0.800 inches.

In one embodiment, referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the lower bearing cup 400 has a central stem opening 415 and an inner surface 410 that surrounds the intermediate sealing surface at or around the contact head 350 . And the lower bearing cup 400 may cover the distal end 350 of the head portion (or face) 75 and extend downwardly over the head close to the sides or edges 350 of the proximal end 50, so that the outside of the sides or edges of the lower surface 350 of the filling head Most or substantially all of the space between the inner surfaces of the base 130 . The lower bearing cup 400 also prevents or reduces contact between the face of the head 350 and the face of the lower base 130 . In another embodiment, the lower bearing cup 400 extends beyond the proximal side 50 of the head 350 . FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a lower bearing cup 400 disposed about the head 350 within the lower base 130 . 5A and 5B illustrate an embodiment of a bearing cup 400 that can be used in accordance with the present invention, as described. In this embodiment, the lower bearing cup 400 is circular. However, as discussed above, the circumferential shape of the head 350 can be any of a variety of circumferential shapes including, but not limited to, elliptical, square, triangular, rectangular, or any other polygon. Accordingly, it should be understood that the lower bearing cup 400 can have any shape that is compatible with the shape of the head 350 and the corresponding lower base 130 to ensure a snug fit.

The bearing cup 400 shown in FIG. 5B has a circular outer edge contour and a circular inner edge contour such that the lower bearing cup 400 disposed between the inner edge surface of the lower base 130 and the outer edge surface of the head 350 produces a uniform thickness. This allows the cup to slide freely against the inner edge surface of the lower base 130 and the outer edge surface of the stem head 350 . In other embodiments, the lower bearing cup 400 can have a non-circular outer edge contour and a circular inner edge surface that match the similar inner edge surface contour of the lower base 130 to maintain the outer and lower bases of the lower bearing cup 400 . The relative position of the inner edge surface of 130 allows the outer edge surface of the head 350 to freely slide relative to the inner edge surface of the lower bearing cup 400 . Conversely, the lower bearing cup 400 may have a head 350 to match the outer edge profile similar to a non-circular contour of the inner edge and the outer edge of the circular profile, in order to maintain the edge surface 400 of the head 350 beyond the edge surface of the lower bearing cup The relative position allows the inner edge surface of the lower base 130 to freely slide relative to the outer edge surface of the lower bearing cup 400 . The non-circular profile can be selected from a variety of shapes, such as polygons, squares, rectangles, hexagons, or any other shape that will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Preferably, at least the outer or inner edge contour of the lower bearing cup 400 is circular to allow the valve stem 300 to rotate while maintaining alignment of the appropriate valve stem 300 within the through bore.

In a preferred embodiment, the lower bearing cup 400 prevent contact between the edge surface of the head 350 beyond the edge surface of the lower base 130, and between the distal surface of the base to prevent the approach surface 130 of the head 350 s contact. In a further embodiment, the inner surface of the lower base 130 has a curved surface that moves from a proximal portion of the lower base 130 to a distal portion. In such embodiments (8A and 8B illustrate examples of such embodiments), the lower bearing cup 400 prevents lateral or radial movement of the head 350 toward the inner edge of the lower base 130 in normal operating conditions. and a certain amount in the normal operation state to prevent the stem 300 within the base 130 toward the lower edges of the longitudinal movement of more than a certain amount in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the stem 300.

Referring to Figures 7A through 7F, various embodiments of the present invention are illustrated with some modifications to the embodiment shown in Figure 1A. Fig. 7E illustrates the lower bearing cup 400 , and Figs. 7A to 7D and 7F are not shown. Figure 7A illustrates an embodiment in which the upper base 110 is removed or the size is greatly reduced. By reducing the diameter of the upper section of the valve stem 300 where the upper bearing 500 is located or by enlarging the diameter of the upper portion of the base 110 section above the valve body, a space can be provided for the upper bearing 500 , which can be sectioned above the valve stem 300 . An upper bearing 500 (not shown) is inserted between the sections of the base 110 above the valve body. As with all of the embodiments shown in Figures 7A through 7F, the upper bearing 500 prevents contact between the upper portion of the valve stem 300 and the portion of the base 110 above the valve body, and the lower bearing cup 400 prevents the head 350 and the lower portion. The contact between the bases 130 , and the lower bearing cup 400 in combination with the upper bearing 500 prevents contact between the intermediate portion of the valve body and the intermediate portion of the valve stem 300 . In Figure 7A, the valve body intermediate section is located between the valve stem gland 150 and the lower base 130 .

Figure 7B illustrates an embodiment in which the upper bearing 500 forms the top surface of the valve stem gland 150 and the upper bearing 500 has a constant outer diameter. Fig. 7C is similar to Fig. 7B, and Fig. 7C illustrates that the fixing member can be recessed into the valve body. In a particular embodiment, the entire stationary component can be at the upper edge 105 of the valve body or below the upper edge of the valve body. Figure 7D illustrates an embodiment in which the upper bearing 500 has a portion having a larger diameter above the upper base 110 . Fig. 7E illustrates an embodiment in which the fixing member is recessed into the upper base 110 . In a particular embodiment, the entire fixed component can be at or below the upper edge 105 . In Figures 7B through 7E, the portion of the upper bearing 500 that extends downwardly and forms the upper surface of the valve stem gland 150 also limits the valve stem 300 toward the valve stem in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the valve stem 300 . The inner surface of the sealing gland 150 and the inner edge surface of the upper base 110 are laterally moved.

FIG. 7F illustrates a second embodiment, in this embodiment, the upper bearing portion 500 is formed above the stem packing gland 150 and the upper surface 500 in contact with bearings on the stem 300 and upper section 500 of the base 110 by The inner edge surface limits lateral movement of the valve stem 300 toward the inner edge surface of the upper base 110 . Figure 7E illustrates an embodiment in which the intermediate portion of the valve body forms the inner edge surface of the valve stem gland 150 , the lower bearing cup forms the lower surface of the valve stem gland 150 , and the upper bearing forms a valve The rod seals the upper surface of the gland 150 . Various features of FIG. 1A and FIGS. 7A through 7C may be combined to create additional embodiments.

8C through 8F illustrate embodiments having various lower base 130 , lower bearing cup 400, and head 350 configurations. Figure 8E illustrates an embodiment having a head 350 diameter (and head radius) that increases linearly along the longitudinal axis of the valve stem 300 in the proximal direction. Figure 8F illustrates an embodiment with a lower base 130 and a head 350 that are curved as a cross-sectional view. Of FIG. 8C illustrates an embodiment having the base 350, but the lower bearing 130 and a cup 400 having a square embodiment of a head similar to the head 350 of the embodiment of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 8E. Similarly, Figure 8D illustrates an embodiment having a head 350 similar to the head 350 of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 8F but having a squared lower base 130 and a lower bearing cup 400 .

Figure 9 illustrates an embodiment similar to Figure 7E, but without the body intermediate section or the stem intermediate section. The lower bearing cup 400 extends proximally from the stem sealing gland into the lower base 130 . In this embodiment, the lower bearing cup 400 does not fill the entire space between the lower base 130 and the head 350 ; in fact, the lower bearing cup 400 occupies a portion of the lower base 130 region near the head 350 . This configuration prevents air from being collected between the lower bearing cup 400 and the inner wall of the lower base. In this embodiment, the portion of the lower bearing cap 400 that extends up to the valve stem gland acts as one of the walls of the valve stem gland to provide a proximal stem sealing gland. The lower bearing cup 400 and the upper bearing are combined with the lateral movement of the head of the restraining valve stem relative to the lower base and the lateral movement of the restraining valve stem relative to the valve body, where both the lower bearing cup and the upper bearing control the lateral movement by The distance between the body gland section above and below the seal and the stem gland section is controlled. This combination also constrains lateral movement of the head 350 relative to the lower base 130 , while the portion of the lower bearing cup between the head and the lower base does not constrain lateral movement of the head relative to the lower base.

In another embodiment similar to the embodiment of Figure 9, the lower bearing cup does not extend proximally between the inner wall of the lower base 130 and the outer edge surface of the head, but rather the entire distal side of the head 350 . In a particular embodiment similar to the embodiment of Figure 9, the lower bearing cup does not extend proximally between the inner wall of the lower base 130 and the outer edge surface of the head, and the lower bearing cup does not extend radially beyond the head. Edge surface. In another embodiment similar to the embodiment of Figure 9, the lower bearing cup does not extend proximally between the inner wall of the lower base 130 and the outer edge surface of the head, and the lower bearing cup extends radially beyond the outer edge of the head. surface. These configurations prevent air from being collected between the lower bearing cup 400 and the inner wall of the lower base. In such embodiments, the portion of the lower bearing cap 400 that extends up to the stem seal gland acts as a wall of the stem seal gland to provide a proximal stem seal gland. The lower bearing cup 400 and the upper bearing are combined with the lateral movement of the head of the restraining valve stem relative to the lower base and the lateral movement of the restraining valve stem relative to the valve body, where both the lower bearing cup and the upper bearing are controlled by the upper seal And the distance between the lower body gland section and the stem gland section to control this lateral movement. This combination also constrains lateral movement of the head 350 relative to the lower base 130 , while the portion of the lower bearing cup between the head and the lower base does not constrain lateral movement of the head relative to the lower base.

Further additional embodiments similar to the embodiment of Figure 9 may use intermediate intermediate sections as shown, for example, in Figures 1A, 7A through 7D, 7E, and 8A through 8F. The valve stem intermediate section and the lower bearing cup 400 extending from the lower base to the distal end to between the main body intermediate section and the valve stem intermediate section. Similar to the embodiment of Fig. 9 and using intermediate intermediate sections and valve stem intermediate regions as shown, for example, in Figs. 1A, 7A to 7D, 7E, and 8A to 8F In various specific embodiments of the segment, the lower bearing cup does not extend proximally between the inner wall of the lower base 130 and the outer edge surface of the head, and the lower bearing cup does not extend radially beyond the outer surface of the head. Similar to the embodiment of Fig. 9 and using intermediate intermediate sections and valve stem intermediate regions as shown, for example, in Figs. 1A, 7A to 7D, 7E, and 8A to 8F In other embodiments of the segment, the lower bearing cup does not extend proximally between the inner wall of the lower base 130 and the outer edge surface of the head, and the lower bearing cup extends radially beyond the outer edge surface of the head. These configurations prevent air from being collected between the lower bearing cup 400 and the inner wall of the lower base. In such embodiments, the portion of the lower bearing cap 400 that extends up to the stem seal gland acts as a wall of the stem seal gland to provide a proximal stem seal gland. The lower bearing cup 400 and the upper bearing are combined with the lateral movement of the head of the restraining valve stem relative to the lower base and the lateral movement of the restraining valve stem relative to the valve body, where both the lower bearing cup and the upper bearing are controlled by the upper seal And the distance between the lower body gland section and the stem gland section to control this lateral movement. This combination also constrains lateral movement of the head 350 relative to the lower base 130 , while the portion of the lower bearing cup between the head and the lower base does not constrain lateral movement of the head relative to the lower base. Similar to the embodiment of Fig. 9 and using intermediate intermediate sections and valve stem intermediate regions as shown, for example, in Figs. 1A, 7A to 7D, 7E, and 8A to 8F In an embodiment of the paragraph wherein the head does not have a face independent of the outer edge surface (such as Figures 8A-8F), the lower bearing cup can be extended such that a portion of the cup is between the head and the intermediate section of the body so that Preventing the head from contacting the intermediate section of the body and terminating the collection of air front between the lower bearing cup and the inner wall of the lower base.

In various specific embodiments, the lower bearing cup 400 and the upper bearing 500 prevent contact between the valve stem 300 and the valve body, restricting lateral movement of the upper portion of the valve stem 300 to the valve body, and restricting the head 350 relative to the lower base The lateral movement of 130 and maintaining the desired space between the lower surface of the valve stem gland 150 and the valve stem portion of the valve to control the valve through the same space when the pressure in the bore is lower than the pressure above the valve body The rod seal 600 is squeezed and also controls the space between the upper surface of the stem seal gland 150 and the stem gland section of the valve stem 300 to control when the pressure in the bore 190 is higher than the pressure above the valve body. Squeeze through the stem seal 600 of the same space.

In a further embodiment, the shape of the upper bearing 500 and the upper base 110 can be varied in the same manner as the shape of the lower bearing cup 400 and the lower base 130 , respectively, such that the upper bearing 500 limits lateral movement of the upper section of the valve stem 300 . These embodiments prevent the valve stem 300 from moving longitudinally toward the aperture 190 in embodiments that incorporate a fixed component and a face of the upper base 110 , if desired.

Another term that can be used for lateral movement of the valve stem 300 relative to the upper base 110 and/or relative to the lower base 130 is the deflection, a term known in the art. Other terms for through hole 170 , upper base 110, and lower base 130 are through holes, countersunk holes, and back orifice faces, respectively, and such terms are known in the art.

In a preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the stem seal gland 150 , the stem cap section, the stem intermediate section, and the intermediate section of the body are all circular, and the shape enhances the stem seal 600 sealing and limiting the squeeze of the stem seal 600 in the bore under vacuum pressure, and in another preferred embodiment, the section of the valve body forming the upper surface of the stem seal gland 150 also has a circle Shape cross-sectional shape.

Lower bearing cup 400 can comprise any of a variety of materials. In a particular embodiment, the lower bearing cup 400 is made of a "PolyEther EtherKetone" (PEEK) material. The upper bearing 500 can also be made from a variety of materials known in the art, such as PEEK, which slidably contact the surface of the valve stem 300 and the upper base 110 and allow the surface of the valve stem 300 and/or the surface of the valve body The upper bearing 500 is slidably contacted respectively without wear or contact with the surface of the valve stem 300 and/or the valve body with reduced wear. It will be well understood by those skilled in the art that the choice of one or more materials for the lower bearing cup 400 may depend on several factors. Among the considerations are, for example, the intended application of a spherical valve (which may include consideration of the environmental conditions that the valve assembly is expected to encounter), overall dimensions, compatibility with materials of surrounding components, material properties, and other factors. Environmental conditions can affect material expansion, contraction, stress points, contact with surrounding components, and other factors known to those skilled in the art. Such factors can affect the ability of the lower bearing cup 400 to provide stability and prevent wear between the valve stem 300 and the base. Those skilled in the art having the benefit of this application will be able to determine which of the one or more materials will be suitable for the lower bearing cup 400 . Therefore, in addition to the materials specifically illustrated herein, the substitution of materials will be covered within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

In a particular embodiment, the lower bearing cup 400 is generally circular, such as shown, for example, in Figure 5A. In another particular embodiment, the inner surface 410 has a diameter between 0.550 inches and 0.560 inches. In a particular embodiment, the inner surface 410 has a diameter of about 0.553 inches. The inner surface 420 in contact with the head 350 may have a diameter between 0.70 吋 and 0.72 。. In a particular embodiment, the inner surface 420 is about 0.718 inches. In another embodiment, the inner surface 420 is about 0.715 inches. The outer surface 430 in contact with the lower base 130 may have a diameter between 0.790 吋 and 0.800 。. In another particular embodiment, the outer surface 430 has a diameter of about 0.798 inches. In another particular embodiment, the lower bearing cup 400 has a thickness 450 of about 0.032 inches. And 2. to reduce the wear between the stem 300 and the valve body; 1 by reducing lateral movement of the stem 300 of stem 300 stable: Advantageously, the dimensions of specific embodiments in conjunction with the cup can be significantly PEEK material. .

In another embodiment, the travel is proximate to the distal end 75 of the through hole 170 and the next sealing member is a stem seal 600 positioned within the stem seal gland 150 (hereinafter referred to as a gland). This embodiment is also illustrated in Figure 1A. The stem seal 600 is well known in the art as a sealing component. Typically, but necessarily, the stem seal 600 is a toroidal mechanical washer. That is, a ring of elastomeric material having a dished cross section. FIG. 6 illustrates one embodiment of such a valve stem seal 600 . Typically, the valve stem seal 600 is designed to be positioned within the groove and compressed between two or more portions to create a seal at the interface. Such designs are commonly used in static or dynamic applications where there is a relative movement between a portion (such as the valve stem assembly 200 disclosed herein) and the stem seal 600 .

The factors that may be considered by those skilled in the art for selecting materials for the various components of the various embodiments of the present invention and the repeated assertion of such factors with respect to the stem seal 600 have been discussed above. Further, the dimensions for the stem seal 600 may also vary depending on the same, similar, or different factors. A particular concern with respect to various embodiments is the required expansion volume within the gland 150 to ensure adequate sealing without undesirable extrusion and/or wear on the stem seal 600 . Another concern is the ability of the stem seal 600 to provide adequate sealing performance at room temperature and during extended use or during certain applications where the ball valve will encounter high temperatures. Therefore, the size of the gland can be particularly relevant with respect to the ability of the stem seal 600 to expand. The desired compression of the stem seal 600 within the gland promotes proper sealing and reduces or eliminates wear on the stem seal 600 . In a particular embodiment, the ideal stem seal 600 is compressed to about 15%. In another embodiment, the stem seal 600 is compressed in the range of 10% to 20%, 12% to 18%, and/or 14% to 16%.

In one embodiment, the gland 150 is a circular aperture around the through hole 170 in which the stem seal 600 is placed to surround the valve stem 300 at the intermediate seal region 330 . It will be appreciated that the size of the gland will vary depending on the size and type of stem seal 600 used. Applicants anticipate that such variations are encompassed within the scope of embodiments of the invention. In another embodiment, the gland has a diameter between 0.780 吋 and 0.784 。. In a particular embodiment, the gland has a diameter of about 0.782 inches. As discussed above, the diameter of the valve stem 300 can be between 0.546 吋 and 0.550 。. In another embodiment, the stem 300 can have a diameter between 0.540 and 0.550. In a particular embodiment, the stem 300 has a diameter of about 0.548 inches. In a particular embodiment of the stem 300, the gap between the valve body 100 and the valve stem 300 is limited to at most 0.005 inch, at most 0.007 inch, or limit, the limit can minimize the risk of pressing the stem seal 600. Further, when a particular embodiment of the above disclosed valve stem 300 having a diameter of about 0.548 inch intermediate seal region 330 is used, the stem seal 600 undergoes minimal stretching and achieves desired compression during maximum expansion. Advantageously, the particular embodiment of the invention disclosed herein allows the use of virtually any suitable material for the lubrication of the valve stem seal 600 within the gland of the valve stem assembly 200 . Disclosed herein, some non-limiting examples of embodiment of the valve stem seals may be used in certain embodiments as Viton ^® fluoroelastomers, Dupont Kalrez ^® 8575 series or Dupont Kalrez ^® 4079 series, or any other type AS568-207 size.

Further to the distal end 75 of the through hole 170 , the last component is the upper bearing 500 , which is operatively engageable with the upper base 110 . The upper base 110 may surround the through hole 170 similarly to the lower base 130 . In a particular embodiment, the upper base 110 is circular. As the first example shown in FIG. 1B seen, the upper edge 75 to define an opening 105 at the distal end of the valve body at the distal end of the base 110, while the nearest end 150 of the stem 150 adjacent the gland of the base 110. In another embodiment, the first narrow end 310 extends proximally and over the upper edge 105 of the upper base 110 .

The upper bearing 500 is cooperatively engageable with the upper base 110 . In general, the upper bearing 500 can be a gasket-like insert having a valve stem opening 515 through which the first narrow end 310 can protrude, such as, for example, Figures 1A and 2A through 2B. Show. In an embodiment, the distal end 75 of the upper bearing 500 is substantially flat, particularly in proximity to the stem opening 515 to facilitate the fastening component 20 . In an alternate embodiment, the distal end 75 of the upper bearing 500 has one or more structures or features that assist in fastening components such as, for example, ridges, tips, crotch or tights Other features of the solid component engagement are to maintain the position of the valve stem 300 and the compression of the valve stem assembly 200 . The upper bearing 500 can be beneficial for stabilizing the distal end 75 of the valve stem 300 and limiting lateral movement.

The particular embodiment does not have the upper base 110 , but specifically the valve stem gland 150 extends to the upper edge and the washer disposed in contact with the upper edge also advances the valve stem seal 600 . In another embodiment without the upper base 110 , the valve stem gland 150 can extend into the wall of the central through hole and the stem seal 600 can be placed prior to insertion of the valve stem 300 .

The factors that may be considered by those skilled in the art for selecting materials for the various components of the various embodiments of the present invention have been discussed above and are reiterated herein with respect to upper bearing 500 . In a particular embodiment, the upper bearing 500 comprises a "polyetheretherketone" (PEEK) material. Further, the circumferential shape of the upper bearing 500 may vary depending on the circumferential shape of the upper base 110 . It may be advantageous, but not necessary, for the upper bearing 500 to have substantially the same circumferential shape as the upper base 110 . In a particular embodiment, upper base 110 and upper bearing 500 have a circular circumferential shape. In a further particular embodiment, the upper base 110 has a diameter of about 2.375 inches or about 1.375 inches, and the depth from the upper edge 105 to the open end of the stem seal gland 150 is about 0.075 inches or about 0.135 inches, respectively.

In another embodiment, the proximal side 50 of the upper bearing 500 includes a step 520 that, as seen, for example, in FIGS. 2A and 2B, can be lowered to the valve stem when the upper bearing 500 is placed in the upper base 110 The gland 150 is sealed. Figure 1A illustrates this embodiment. This step simulates the function of the sealing stem sealing groove when a step is placed in the stem sealing gland 150 . Advantageously, the step 520 may limit an axial stem seal 600 to ensure no movement of the pressed onto the stem 300 of the screw 311, and further stabilize the distal end 300 of stem 75. Another advantage of using step 520 is that manufacturing costs and complexity can be significantly reduced.

The depth of the step determines the extent to which the step descends into the stem seal gland 150 , which may depend, among other things, on the size of the stem seal gland 150 itself. Further, the step depth 525 can be uniform across the entire diameter. In other words, the proximal side 50 of the step 520 can be generally flat. In this embodiment, the step depth 525 is between 0.030 吋 and 0.040 。. In a particular embodiment, the step depth 525 is about 0.035 。. However, an alternate embodiment may use a step 520 in which the proximal side has one or more inclined surfaces or indentations to compensate for expansion of the stem seal 600 . In an alternate embodiment, the proximal side of the step has a convex curvature or angle such that the step is further lowered into the valve stem gland 150 closer to the valve stem opening 515.

Of course, if the circumferential shape of the step and stem sealing gland are compatible, the ability of the step 520 to interdigitate with the valve stem gland 150 can be facilitated. As discussed above and reiterated herein, the circumferential shape of the valve stem gland 150 and stem seal 600 may vary depending on various factors known to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the circumferential shape of the step 520 can also be changed. In a particular embodiment, the circumferential shape of the steps is circular so as to be compatible with the particular embodiment of the stem seal 600 and stem seal gland 150 previously disclosed herein. In a particular embodiment, the diameter of the step is between 0.780 吋 and 0.784 或 or between 0.7 吋 and 0.8 。. In a further particular embodiment, the diameter of the step is about 0.782 吋.

The ball valve design disclosed herein is improved over current ball valve designs and useful for a wider variety of applications. The modified stem 300 design allows for the valve stem to perform equally well over a wide temperature range depending on the stem seal material selection. In one embodiment, the temperature ranges from 22 °C to 200 °C. In another embodiment, the temperature ranges from 200 °C to 300 °C. It is expected that as new stem seal materials are available, higher temperature limits will soon be provided and such conditions will be incorporated into the designs covered herein. Particular embodiments relate to ball valves for maintaining a seal between one end (such as the proximal end of valve body 100 ) and the other end (such as the distal end of the valve body). In a particular embodiment, the proximal end or central through bore of the valve body is under vacuum pressure and the distal end of the valve body or central through bore is at atmospheric pressure. In a further particular embodiment, the vacuum pressure at the proximal end of the valve body is in the range from 760 Torr to 10 ^-12 Torr, from 760 Torr to 10 ^-8 Torr and from 10 ^-3 Torr to 10 ^-8 Within the scope of the support. The stem seal compression improvement seen in the new design disclosed herein reduces the compression of the stem seal 600 and subsequent undesirable wear. Therefore, the life of the valve (the number of open/close cycles) can be increased. Further use of the upper and lower bearings disclosed herein stabilizes the valve stem 300 , reduces lateral and axial movement, and eliminates the use of copper or other types of metal gaskets. In a particular embodiment, a venting hole may be included, such as within a ball of a ball valve.

All of the patents, patent applications, provisional applications, and publications, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, in their entirety in their entireties in the entireties in

It should be understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only, and that various modifications and changes which are intended to be Within the permissions.

Embodiments of the invention have been described in considerable detail to facilitate compliance Patent regulations and information required to apply the novel principles to those skilled in the art, and the construction and use of such specialized components as needed. It will be appreciated, however, that the present invention may be embodied by a particular device and apparatus, and that various modifications may be made in the details of the device and the operational procedures without departing from the scope of the invention. Further, it should be understood that the invention is not to be construed as being limited to the scope of the invention. limits.

20‧‧‧ fastening parts

50‧‧‧ Near end

75‧‧‧ distal

100‧‧‧ valve body

105‧‧‧ upper edge

110‧‧‧Upper base

130‧‧‧Lower base

135‧‧‧ lower edge

150‧‧‧Tail seal gland

170‧‧‧through hole

190‧‧‧ hole

200‧‧‧ valve stem assembly

300‧‧‧ valve stem

310‧‧‧First narrow end

330‧‧‧Intermediate sealing area

331‧‧‧ Middle section

335‧‧‧ sealing surface

350‧‧‧ head

370‧‧‧ second narrow end

400‧‧‧ Lower bearing cup

500‧‧‧Upper bearing

525‧‧‧step depth

600‧‧‧ stem seals

Claims (49)

A valve comprising: a valve body having a through hole extending from an outer wall surface through a wall of the valve body to an inner wall surface, wherein a proximal end of the through hole is in the inner wall surface An opening and a distal end of the through hole are an opening in the outer wall surface, wherein the through hole comprises: a main body gland section disposed on a proximal side of the outer wall surface, wherein the main body The gland section has a circular cross section, the circular cross section having a first radius, a main body intermediate section, the main section of the main body having a circular cross section, the circular cross section having a second radius And a lower base disposed between the intermediate portion of the body and the inner wall surface, wherein at least a portion of the lower base has a third radius, wherein the second radius is smaller than the first radius, wherein The second radius is smaller than the third radius; a valve stem, wherein the valve stem includes: a head that is adjacent to a proximal end of the valve stem, a middle portion of the valve stem, and a middle portion of the valve stem The segment has a circular cross section and a stem gland section Wherein at least a portion of the stem section having a gland circular cross-section, wherein the intermediate section lies between the stem and the head portion of the valve stem gland section; and a bearing cup, wherein the valve body and the valve stem are adjusted such that a distal end of the valve stem can enter the proximal end of the through hole and be transferred into the through hole such that at least a portion of the head is at the lower base Wherein at least a portion of the head has a head radius greater than the second radius, wherein the head and the lower base are adjusted such that the lower bearing cup can be placed such that when the valve stem is fully inserted The lower bearing cup prevents contact between an outer surface of the head and an inner surface of the lower base, wherein the lower bearing cup includes a first portion and a second portion, wherein the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole Positioning the lower bearing cup inner such that at least a portion of the first portion is between the head and the intermediate portion of the body and the second portion is disposed between the intermediate portion of the body and the intermediate portion of the valve stem, wherein The second portion constrains lateral movement of the head relative to the lower base, wherein the valve stem gland section and the body gland section are adjusted such that a valve stem seal can be placed around the valve stem gland section Pieces to press with the stem a valve stem gland section outer surface contacting one of the circumferences of the section, and when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole, the stem seal is disposed in a stem sealing gland, wherein the valve The rod sealing gland is formed by an outer surface of the valve stem gland section, an inner surface of a main body gland section, a near stem sealing gland surface and a distal stem sealing gland surface, wherein the proximal valve stem sealing pressure The cover surface is a distal surface of the intermediate section of the body, wherein when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole, the valve stem seal is disposed around the valve stem gland section to engage the valve stem gland area Around one of the segments The valve stem gland section is in contact with the outer surface, the stem seal is disposed in the stem sealing gland, and a first region distal to the outer wall surface and a second portion proximal to the inner wall surface Applying a pressure difference between the regions such that a first pressure of one of the first regions is higher than a second pressure of the second region, between the stem seal and the outer surface of the stem cap segment a first seal and a second seal between the stem seal and the inner surface of the body cap section such that the first region distal to the outer wall surface is adjacent the inner wall surface The pressure differential between the second regions, wherein the first seal and the second seal are maintained when the valve stem is rotated about a longitudinal axis of the valve stem relative to the valve body. The valve of claim 1 wherein the valve is a ball valve. The valve of claim 1 wherein the lower base has a circular cross section. The valve of claim 1, wherein the valve is when the distal end of the valve stem enters the proximal end of the through hole and is transferred into the through hole such that at least a portion of the head is in the lower base The distal end of the rod extends across the outer wall surface. The valve of claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the head comprises a head surface and a head outer edge surface, wherein the lower base inner surface comprises a lower base surface and a lower base inner edge surface, wherein the valve is used When the rod is fully inserted into the through hole, the lower bearing cup prevents contact between the head face and the lower base face and prevents contact between the outer edge surface of the head and the inner edge surface of the lower base. The valve of claim 5, wherein when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole, the lower bearing cup is disposed to prevent contact between the head face and the lower base face and to prevent the head from being externally Contact between the edge surface and the inner edge surface of the lower base. The valve of claim 6 wherein the second portion maintains a lateral movement of the head relative to the lower base by less than or equal to a maximum lateral movement, wherein lateral movement greater than the maximum lateral movement results in the valve stem gland Improper squeezing of the stem seal between the outer surface of the segment and the proximal stem sealing gland. The valve of claim 7, wherein the head has a circular cross section, the circular cross section having a head radius, wherein the lower base has a circular cross section, the circular cross section having the first a three radius, wherein a difference between the head radius and the third radius is less than or equal to a thickness of the second portion of the lower bearing cup plus the maximum lateral movement. The valve of claim 2, the valve further comprising a ball, wherein the valve stem further includes a protruding portion extending proximally from the head such that when the valve stem is fully extended into the through hole The raised portion extends proximally across the inner wall surface and engages the ball such that the ball rotates as the valve stem is rotated about a longitudinal axis of the valve stem. The valve of claim 1, the valve further comprising means for securing the valve stem in position when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through bore. The valve of claim 10, wherein the means for securing the valve stem in position comprises: a thread on a threaded portion of the valve stem, wherein the threaded portion of the valve stem Located distally of the valve stem cover section; and a component threadably engageable with the threads on the threaded portion of the valve stem. The valve of claim 1, wherein the through hole comprises an upper section having a circular cross section, the circular cross section having a fourth radius, wherein the upper section is in the body seal The gland section is distal, wherein the fourth radius is the same as the second radius, wherein one of the upper sections is proximal to the proximal stem sealing gland. The valve of claim 1, the valve further comprising an upper bearing, wherein the valve stem between the valve stem and the valve body when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole and the pressure difference is applied The upper bearing is disposed at a location distal of the seal, wherein the upper bearing is coupled to the lower bearing cup to prevent contact between the valve stem and the through bore. The valve of claim 13, wherein the through hole comprises an upper base, wherein the upper base has a radius at least at a position around a circumference of one of the upper bases that is at least as large as the second radius, wherein At least a portion of the upper bearing is disposed in the upper base when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole. The valve of claim 13 wherein the upper bearing in combination with the lower bearing cup prevents contact between the valve stem and the through bore when the stem is rotated about 90 degrees about a longitudinal axis of the valve stem. The valve of claim 13 wherein at least a portion of a proximal face of one of the upper bearings is the proximal stem sealing gland. The valve of claim 13 wherein the upper bearing includes a main upper bearing body and a step at a proximal end of the upper bearing, wherein the body is pressed when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole The step is disposed within the cover section such that an outer edge surface of the step contacts a portion of an inner radial surface of one of the body gland sections, the portion being coupled to an inner radial surface of the stem sealing gland, One of the steps is near the surface of the distal valve stem sealing gland. The valve of claim 16 wherein the step in combination with the lower bearing cup prevents contact between an outer surface of a stem intermediate portion and an inner surface of a body intermediate section. The valve of claim 17 wherein the step maintains a lateral movement of the valve stem relative to the body gland section less than or equal to a maximum lateral movement, wherein lateral movement greater than the maximum lateral movement results in pressure of the valve stem Improper squeezing of the stem seal between the outer surface of the cover section and the proximal stem seal gland. The valve of claim 18, wherein the step has an annular cross-section having an inner step radius and an outer step radius, wherein the inner step radius and one of the stems contacting the step The difference between one of the radii plus the difference between the first radius and the outer step radius is less than or equal to the maximum lateral movement. A valve comprising: a valve body having a through hole extending from an outer wall surface through a wall of the valve body to an inner wall surface, wherein a proximal end of the through hole is in the inner wall surface An opening and a distal end of the through hole are an opening in the outer wall surface, wherein the through hole comprises: a main body gland section disposed on a proximal side of the outer wall surface, wherein the main body The gland section has a circular cross section, the circular cross section having a first radius, and a lower base disposed between the main gland section and the inner wall surface, wherein the lower base At least a portion has a second radius, wherein the second radius is greater than the first radius; a valve stem, wherein the valve stem includes: a head proximate to a proximal end of the valve stem, and a valve stem gland section, wherein at least a portion of the valve stem gland section has a circular shape a cross section, wherein the valve stem gland section is distal to the head; and a lower bearing cup, wherein the valve body and the valve stem are adjusted such that a distal end of the valve stem can enter the proximal end of the through hole And passing into the through hole such that at least a portion of the head is in the lower base, wherein at least a portion of the head has a head radius greater than the first radius, wherein the head and the lower portion are adjusted a base such that the lower bearing cup can be placed such that when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole, the lower bearing cup prevents contact between an outer surface of the head and an inner surface of the lower base, wherein the lower bearing cup includes a a first portion and a second portion, wherein the lower bearing cup is disposed when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole such that at least a portion of the first portion is between the head and the body gland section and the Two parts are disposed in the main body cover section and the Between the cap gland sections, wherein the second portion constrains lateral movement of the head relative to the lower base, wherein the stem gland section and the body gland section are adjusted such that the stem can be pressed A valve stem seal is disposed around the cover section to contact an outer surface of a valve stem cover section around a circumference of one of the valve stem cover sections, and when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole, The valve stem is placed in a valve stem sealing gland a sealing member, wherein the valve stem sealing gland is formed by an outer surface of the valve stem gland section, an inner surface of a main body gland section, a near stem sealing gland surface, and a distal stem sealing gland surface, wherein When the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole, the stem seal is disposed around the stem cover section to conform to the outer surface of the stem gland section around the circumference of one of the stem gland sections Contacting, placing the stem seal in the stem sealing gland, and applying a pressure differential between a first region distal of the outer wall surface and a second region proximal the inner wall surface to cause a first pressure of one of the first regions is higher than a second pressure of the second region, and a first seal is created between the stem seal and the outer surface of the stem cap segment and sealed at the stem a second seal is formed between the member and the inner surface of the body cap section such that the pressure difference between the first region distal to the outer wall surface and the second region proximal to the inner wall surface is maintained, Maintaining the first seal and rotating the valve stem relative to the valve body about a longitudinal axis of the valve stem The second seal. The valve of claim 17 wherein the valve is a ball valve. The valve of claim 21, wherein the lower base has a circular cross section. The valve of claim 21, wherein the valve is when the distal end of the valve stem enters the proximal end of the through hole and is transferred into the through hole such that at least a portion of the head is in the lower base The distal end of the rod extends across the outer wall surface. The valve of claim 21, wherein the outer surface of the head comprises a head surface and a head outer edge surface, wherein the lower base inner surface comprises a lower base surface and a lower base inner edge surface, wherein the valve is used When the rod is fully inserted into the through hole, the lower bearing cup prevents contact between the head face and the lower base face and prevents contact between the outer edge surface of the head and the inner edge surface of the lower base. The valve of claim 25, wherein when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole, the lower bearing cup is disposed to prevent contact between the head face and the lower base face and to prevent the head from being externally Contact between the edge surface and the inner edge surface of the lower base. The valve of claim 26, wherein the second portion maintains a lateral movement of the head relative to the lower base by less than or equal to a maximum lateral movement, wherein lateral movement greater than the maximum lateral movement results in a gland of the valve stem Improper squeezing of the stem seal between the outer surface of the segment and the proximal stem sealing gland. The valve of claim 27, wherein the head has a circular cross section, the circular cross section having a head radius, wherein the lower base has a circular cross section, the circular cross section having the first a three radius, wherein a difference between the head radius and the third radius is less than or equal to a thickness of the second portion of the lower bearing cup plus the maximum lateral movement. The valve of claim 22, the valve further comprising a ball, wherein the valve stem further includes a raised portion extending proximally from the head such that when the valve stem is fully extended into the through hole The raised portion extends proximally across the inner wall surface and engages the ball such that the ball rotates as the valve stem is rotated about a longitudinal axis of the valve stem. The valve of claim 21, the valve further comprising means for securing the valve stem in position when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through bore. The valve of claim 10, wherein the means for securing the valve stem in position comprises: a thread on a threaded portion of the valve stem, wherein the threaded portion of the valve stem Located distally of the valve stem cover section; and a component threadably engageable with the threads on the threaded portion of the valve stem. The valve of claim 21, wherein the through hole comprises an upper section having a circular cross section, the circular cross section having a fourth radius, wherein the upper section is in the body seal The gland section is distal, wherein the fourth radius is the same as the second radius, wherein one of the upper sections is proximal to the proximal stem sealing gland. The valve of claim 21, the valve further comprising an upper bearing, wherein the valve stem between the valve stem and the valve body when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole and the pressure difference is applied The upper bearing is disposed at a location distal of the seal, wherein the upper bearing is coupled to the lower bearing cup to prevent contact between the valve stem and the through bore. The valve of claim 33, wherein the through hole comprises an upper base, wherein the upper base has a radius at least at a position around a circumference of one of the upper bases that is at least as large as the second radius, wherein At least a portion of the upper bearing is disposed in the upper base when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole. The valve of claim 33, wherein the upper bearing in combination with the lower bearing cup prevents contact between the valve stem and the through hole when the valve stem is rotated about 90 degrees about a longitudinal axis of the valve stem. The valve of claim 33, wherein at least a portion of a proximal face of one of the upper bearings is the proximal stem sealing gland. The valve of claim 33, wherein the upper bearing includes a main upper bearing body and a step at a proximal end of the upper bearing, wherein the body pressure is when the valve stem is fully inserted into the through hole The step is disposed within the cover section such that an outer edge surface of the step contacts a portion of an inner radial surface of one of the body gland sections, the portion being coupled to an inner radial surface of the stem sealing gland, One of the steps is near the surface of the distal valve stem sealing gland. The valve of claim 36, wherein the step in combination with the lower bearing cup prevents contact between an outer surface of a stem intermediate portion and an inner surface of a body intermediate section. The valve of claim 37, wherein the step maintains a lateral movement of the valve stem relative to the body gland section less than or equal to a maximum lateral movement, wherein lateral movement greater than the maximum lateral movement results in pressure of the valve stem Improper squeezing of the stem seal between the outer surface of the cover section and the proximal stem seal gland. The valve of claim 38, wherein the step has an annular cross-section having an inner step radius and an outer step radius, wherein the inner step radius and a portion of the stem that contacts the step The difference between one of the radii plus the difference between the first radius and the outer step radius is less than or equal to the maximum lateral movement. The valve of claim 21, wherein the lower bearing cup provides the proximal stem sealing gland. The valve of claim 1, wherein the head radius increases along the longitudinal axis of the valve stem in the proximal direction, wherein the lower base inner surface has a lower base surface and a lower base inner edge surface, wherein Lower base inner edge table The face has a radius that increases along the longitudinal axis of the valve stem in the proximal direction. The valve of claim 1 wherein a cross section of the inner surface of the lower base in a vertical plane intersecting the longitudinal axis is curved, wherein in a vertical plane intersecting the longitudinal axis One of the outer surfaces of the head is curved in cross section. The valve of claim 1, wherein the head radius increases along the longitudinal axis of the valve stem in the proximal direction, wherein the lower base inner surface has a lower base surface and a lower base inner edge surface, wherein The inner edge surface of the lower base has a radius that is constant along the longitudinal axis of the valve stem in the proximal direction. The valve of claim 21, wherein one of the outer surfaces of the head in a vertical plane intersecting the longitudinal axis is curved in cross section, wherein the lower base inner surface has a lower seating surface and a lower base An inner edge surface, wherein the lower base inner edge surface has a radius that is constant along the longitudinal axis of the valve stem in the proximal direction. The valve of claim 21, wherein the head radius increases along the longitudinal axis of the valve stem in the proximal direction, wherein the lower base inner surface has a lower base surface and a lower base inner edge surface, wherein The inner edge surface of the lower base has a radius that increases along the longitudinal axis of the valve stem in the proximal direction. The valve of claim 21, wherein one of the inner surfaces of the lower base in a vertical plane intersecting the longitudinal axis is curved in cross section, wherein in a vertical plane intersecting the longitudinal axis One of the outer surfaces of the head is curved in cross section. The valve of claim 21, wherein the head radius increases along the longitudinal axis of the valve stem in the proximal direction, wherein the lower base inner surface has a lower base surface and a lower base inner edge surface, wherein The inner edge surface of the lower base has a radius that is constant along the longitudinal axis of the valve stem in the proximal direction. The valve of claim 21, wherein one of the outer surfaces of the head in a vertical plane intersecting the longitudinal axis is curved in cross section, wherein the lower base inner surface has a lower seating surface and a lower base An inner edge surface, wherein the lower base inner edge surface has a radius that is constant along the longitudinal axis of the valve stem in the proximal direction.