TW201427223A - Wireless power transmission system using width and pulse shape modulation - Google Patents

Wireless power transmission system using width and pulse shape modulation Download PDF

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TW201427223A
TW201427223A TW101148039A TW101148039A TW201427223A TW 201427223 A TW201427223 A TW 201427223A TW 101148039 A TW101148039 A TW 101148039A TW 101148039 A TW101148039 A TW 101148039A TW 201427223 A TW201427223 A TW 201427223A
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circuit
diode
wireless energy
pass filter
load
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TWI493824B (en
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Chin-Lung Yang
Yu-Lin Yang
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Univ Nat Cheng Kung
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Abstract

The invention provides a wireless power transmission (WPT) system using width and pulse shape modulation. Instead of using continuous wave for WPT, the wireless power transmission (WPT) system enhances the output voltage and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a radio frequency direct current (RF-DC) rectifier by adjusting duty cycles and pulse shapes. The PCE of RF-DC rectifier can be improved 2.5 times under constraint of low input power. The performance of the wireless power transmission (WPT) system using width and pulse shape modulation is verified to optimize the PCE under constraint of low input power in biomedical applications.

Description

以寬度與波形調變之無線傳能系統 Wireless energy transfer system with width and waveform modulation

本發明係關於無線傳能(wireless power transmission,WPT)之技術領域,尤指一種以寬度與波形調變之無線傳能系統。 The invention relates to the technical field of wireless power transmission (WPT), in particular to a wireless energy transmission system which is modulated by width and waveform.

近年來,隨著無線傳輸技術的快速發展,過去有線傳輸的資料傳輸型式已漸漸被無線傳輸所取代,如無線耳機、無線麥克風、無線鍵盤、無線滑鼠等電子產品皆已推陳出新。但許多常見電子產品的使用範圍與時間,往往會因為電源線或電池容量而遭受許多限制。有鑑於此,電子產品的供電方式以無線傳能取代傳統的有線傳能,藉此擺脫惱人的電源線及各種不同規格的充電裝置,更可大大地增加產品的可攜性、提升生活的方便性及減少資源的消耗。 In recent years, with the rapid development of wireless transmission technology, the data transmission type of wired transmission has been gradually replaced by wireless transmission. For example, wireless earphones, wireless microphones, wireless keyboards, wireless mouse and other electronic products have been introduced. However, the range and time of use of many common electronic products often suffer from many limitations due to power cord or battery capacity. In view of this, the power supply method of electronic products replaces the traditional wired transmission energy by wireless transmission, thereby eliminating the annoying power cord and various charging devices of different specifications, and greatly increasing the portability of the product and improving the convenience of life. Sex and reduce the consumption of resources.

為了促進無線傳能技術的發展,業界於2008年成立了無線充電聯盟(Wireless Power Consortium,WPC)。目前已有宏達電(HTC)、諾基亞(Nokia)、德州儀器(Texas Instruments)、飛利浦(Philips)、三星電子(Samsung Electronics)等109家國際知名企業加入,並制定國際標準化規範(Qi)。該規範(Qi)針對許多較低功耗的電子產品,如手機、可攜式音樂播放器、數位相機、電動牙刷等,可利用統一規格的充電平台進行無線充電。 In order to promote the development of wireless energy transmission technology, the industry established the Wireless Power Consortium (WPC) in 2008. At present, 109 internationally renowned companies such as HTC, Nokia, Texas Instruments, Philips, and Samsung Electronics have joined and developed international standardization (Qi). The specification (Qi) targets many low-power electronic products, such as mobile phones, portable music players, digital cameras, electric toothbrushes, etc., and can be wirelessly charged using a unified charging platform.

隨著老年人口比例的逐漸增加,加上現代人對於長期健康照護的注重,以及微電子、生理感測、無線通訊技術的進步,微小化生醫植入裝置日漸發展。透過微小化生醫植入裝置,除了可以長期觀察及監測病患的生理訊號之外,更可進一步發展成遠端居家照顧的醫療模式,使病患能維持較高的生活品質,並減少醫療成本。例如:青光眼監測,將微小化的生醫裝置植入於兔眼中來長期監測眼壓的變化,以檢測是否有青光眼的病變。該等植入式生醫裝置利用微波無線傳能,從外部提供植入裝置所需的能量來源。 With the gradual increase of the proportion of the elderly population, coupled with modern people's attention to long-term health care, as well as advances in microelectronics, physiological sensing, and wireless communication technology, miniaturized biomedical implant devices are growing. Through the miniaturized biomedical implant device, in addition to long-term observation and monitoring of the patient's physiological signals, it can be further developed into a remote home care medical model, enabling patients to maintain a higher quality of life and reduce medical care. cost. For example, glaucoma monitoring, the miniaturized biomedical device is implanted in the rabbit eye to monitor changes in intraocular pressure for a long time to detect the presence of glaucoma lesions. The implantable biomedical devices utilize microwave wireless energy transfer to provide a source of energy for the implanted device from the outside.

由於生醫植入裝置需長時間進行量測及傳送生理訊號,故無線充電系統需長期提供生醫植入裝置的電源,以提升生醫植入裝置的可行性及應用性。同時在安全考量,不能進行太高負載的無線充電行為,所以目前僅針對電子產品的無線充電進行規範。亦即,無線充電聯盟(WPC)的規範(Qi)中並未針對植入式生醫裝置提出特別的規範。而由於生醫植入裝置需長期進行量測及傳送生理訊號,習知無線充電的傳輸效率則是生醫植入裝置的重要關鍵技術。因此,本發明提出一種以寬度與波形調變之無線傳能系統,以解決上述之問題。 Since the biomedical implant device needs to measure and transmit physiological signals for a long time, the wireless charging system needs to provide power for the biomedical implant device for a long time, so as to improve the feasibility and applicability of the biomedical implant device. At the same time, in the safety considerations, wireless charging behavior that is too high load cannot be performed, so currently only the wireless charging of electronic products is regulated. That is, the specification of the Wireless Charging Alliance (WPC) (Qi) does not provide a special specification for implantable biomedical devices. Since biomedical implant devices require long-term measurement and transmission of physiological signals, the transmission efficiency of conventional wireless charging is an important key technology for biomedical implant devices. Therefore, the present invention proposes a wireless energy transfer system that is modulated in width and waveform to solve the above problems.

本發明之主要目的係在提供一種以寬度與波形調變之無線傳能系統,取代傳統連續波(Continuous Wave)進行能 量傳輸,可有效提升射頻直流整流電路的輸出電壓(Vout)與能量轉換效率,尤可適用於生醫植入裝置的充電。 The main object of the present invention is to provide a wireless energy transfer system with width and waveform modulation, which can replace the traditional continuous wave. The quantity transmission can effectively improve the output voltage (Vout) and energy conversion efficiency of the RF DC rectifier circuit, and is particularly suitable for charging the biomedical implant device.

依據本發明之一特色,本發明提出一種以寬度與波形調變之無線傳能系統,包括一傳送端電路、一無線傳輸通道、及一接收端電路。該傳送端電路將一載波電氣訊號調變後,產生一射頻調變訊號,並由一第一天線傳輸該射頻調變訊號。該無線傳輸通道耦合至該天線,以傳輸射頻調變訊號。該接收端電路耦合至該無線傳輸通道,以經由一接收天線接收該射頻調變訊號,並將之整流以驅動一負載電路;其中,該傳送端電路係對該載波電氣訊號進行脈衝波寬度調變。 According to a feature of the present invention, the present invention provides a wireless energy transfer system that is modulated in width and waveform, and includes a transmitting end circuit, a wireless transmission channel, and a receiving end circuit. The transmitting end circuit modulates a carrier electrical signal to generate an RF modulated signal, and transmits the RF modulated signal by a first antenna. The wireless transmission channel is coupled to the antenna for transmitting an RF modulated signal. The receiving end circuit is coupled to the wireless transmission channel to receive the RF modulation signal via a receiving antenna and rectify the driving signal to drive a load circuit; wherein the transmitting end circuit performs pulse wave width adjustment on the carrier electrical signal change.

圖1係本發明之以寬度與波形調變之無線傳能系統100的方塊圖,其用以將能量經由無限傳輸通道傳送至一接收端。該無線傳能系統100包括一傳送端電路110、一無線傳輸通道120、及一接收端電路130。 1 is a block diagram of a width and waveform modulated wireless energy transfer system 100 of the present invention for transmitting energy to a receiving end via an infinite transmission channel. The wireless energy transmission system 100 includes a transmitting end circuit 110, a wireless transmission channel 120, and a receiving end circuit 130.

該傳送端電路110將一載波電氣訊號調變後,產生一射頻調變訊號,並由一傳輸天線(圖未示)傳輸該射頻調變訊號。 The transmitting end circuit 110 modulates a carrier electrical signal to generate an RF modulated signal, and transmits the RF modulated signal by a transmitting antenna (not shown).

該無線傳輸通道120耦合至該傳輸天線,以傳輸射頻調變訊號。 The wireless transmission channel 120 is coupled to the transmission antenna for transmitting radio frequency modulation signals.

該傳送端電路110的微波訊號源(RF Source)將直流或交流能量轉換成微波能量(及該射頻調變訊號),並透過該傳 輸天線(Transmitter Antenna)將微波能量輻射出去,經過該無線傳輸通道120後被該接收端電路130的一接收天線(Receiving Antenna)所接收。當中,該無線傳輸通道120一般情況下為空氣。 The RF source of the transmitting circuit 110 converts DC or AC energy into microwave energy (and the RF modulation signal) and transmits the signal through the RF source. The transmitting antenna (Transmitter Antenna) radiates the microwave energy, and passes through the wireless transmission channel 120 and is received by a receiving antenna of the receiving end circuit 130. Among them, the wireless transmission channel 120 is generally air.

該接收端電路130耦合至該無線傳輸通道120,以經由該接收天線接收該射頻調變訊號,並將之整流以驅動一負載電路。其中,該傳送端電路110係對該載波電氣訊號進行脈衝波寬度調變(Pulse Width Modulation,PWM)。 The receiving end circuit 130 is coupled to the wireless transmission channel 120 to receive the RF modulated signal via the receiving antenna and rectify it to drive a load circuit. The transmitting end circuit 110 performs Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) on the carrier electrical signal.

圖2係本發明接收端電路130的電路圖。該接收端電路130包含一匹配電路210、一射頻直流整流電路220、該負載電路230、及該接收天線240。 2 is a circuit diagram of the receiving end circuit 130 of the present invention. The receiving circuit 130 includes a matching circuit 210, a radio frequency DC rectifying circuit 220, the load circuit 230, and the receiving antenna 240.

該匹配電路210包含一第一電感211、及一第一電容213,該第一電感211的一端連接至該接收天線240,該第一電容213的一端連接至該第一電感211的另一端,該第一電容213的一端連接至一低電位(GND)。該匹配電路210使該接收天線240接收到的該射頻調變訊號的能量能有效導入該射頻直流整流電路220,減少因反射而造成的損耗。 The matching circuit 210 includes a first inductor 211 and a first capacitor 213. One end of the first inductor 211 is connected to the receiving antenna 240, and one end of the first capacitor 213 is connected to the other end of the first inductor 211. One end of the first capacitor 213 is connected to a low potential (GND). The matching circuit 210 enables the energy of the RF modulated signal received by the receiving antenna 240 to be effectively introduced into the RF DC rectifier circuit 220 to reduce losses caused by reflection.

該射頻直流整流電路220係為一倍壓整流電路,以將該匹配電路210輸出訊號的微波能量轉換成直流能量,除了倍壓電路外,其他形態之整流電路亦可適用本技術。 The RF DC rectifier circuit 220 is a voltage doubler rectifier circuit for converting the microwave energy of the output signal of the matching circuit 210 into DC energy. In addition to the voltage doubler circuit, other forms of the rectifier circuit can also be applied to the present technology.

該倍壓整流電路220包含一低通濾波器221、一第一二極體223、一第二二極體225及一直流帶通濾波器227。該低通濾波器221係一第二電容,該直流帶通濾波器117係一第三電容。 The voltage doubler rectifier circuit 220 includes a low pass filter 221, a first diode 223, a second diode 225, and a DC band pass filter 227. The low pass filter 221 is a second capacitor, and the DC band pass filter 117 is a third capacitor.

該低通濾波器221的一端連接至該第一電感211的另一端,該第一二極體223的一端連接至該低通濾波器221的另一端,該第一二極體223的另一端連接至該低電位GND,該第二二極體225的一端連接至該低通濾波器221的另一端,該直流帶通濾波器227的一端連接至該第二二極體225的另一端,該直流帶通濾波器227的另一端連接至該低電位GND。 One end of the low-pass filter 221 is connected to the other end of the first inductor 211, and one end of the first diode 223 is connected to the other end of the low-pass filter 221, and the other end of the first diode 223 Connected to the low potential GND, one end of the second diode 225 is connected to the other end of the low pass filter 221, and one end of the DC band pass filter 227 is connected to the other end of the second diode 225. The other end of the DC band pass filter 227 is connected to the low potential GND.

該負載電路230包含一第四電容231、一可變電阻233及一負載235。該可變電阻233係一第三二極體(參見論文p60 line 2「並於負載端加入一二極體D3作為一可變電阻」)。 The load circuit 230 includes a fourth capacitor 231, a variable resistor 233, and a load 235. The variable resistor 233 is a third diode (see the paper p60 line 2 "and a diode D3 is added as a variable resistor at the load end").

該第四電容231的一端連接至該第二二極體225的另一端,該第四電容231的另一端連接至該低電位GND,該可變電阻233的一端連接至該第二二極體225的另一端,該負載235的一端連接至該可變電阻233的另一端,該負載235的一端連接至該低電位GND。 One end of the fourth capacitor 231 is connected to the other end of the second diode 225, the other end of the fourth capacitor 231 is connected to the low potential GND, and one end of the variable resistor 233 is connected to the second diode. At the other end of the 225, one end of the load 235 is connected to the other end of the variable resistor 233, and one end of the load 235 is connected to the low potential GND.

圖3係本發明射頻直流整流電路220另一實施例的電路圖。該射頻直流整流電路220係為一倍壓整流電路且為一N階倍壓整流電路,其中N為大於1之整數。如圖3所示,方框310所框的電路為一階倍壓整流電路,圖2中的該倍壓整流電路220即為一階倍壓整流電路。方框320所框的電路為二階倍壓整流電路。圖3整個電路即為N階倍壓整流電路。 3 is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of the RF DC rectifier circuit 220 of the present invention. The RF DC rectifier circuit 220 is a voltage doubler rectifier circuit and is an N-order voltage doubler rectifier circuit, where N is an integer greater than one. As shown in FIG. 3, the circuit framed by block 310 is a first-order voltage doubler rectifier circuit, and the voltage doubler rectifier circuit 220 in FIG. 2 is a first-order voltage doubler rectifier circuit. The circuit framed by block 320 is a second order voltage doubler rectifier circuit. The entire circuit of Figure 3 is an N-order voltage doubler rectifier circuit.

無線傳能系統100的整體系統能量轉換效率(ηtotal)是由傳送端電路110效率(ηt)、無線傳輸通道120效率(ηc)及接收端電路130效率(ηrect)所共同決定,如公式(1)式所示:ηtotalt×ηc×ηrectThe overall system energy conversion efficiency (η total ) of the wireless energy transfer system 100 is determined by the efficiency of the transmitting end circuit 110 (η t ), the efficiency of the wireless transmission channel 120 (η c ), and the efficiency of the receiving end circuit 130 (η rect ). As shown in the formula (1): η total = η t × η c × η rect .

傳送端電路110效率(ηt)包含了微波訊號源及傳輸天線的效率,傳輸天線的效率是由天線本身的增益(Gain)及方向性(Directivity)所決定。而在頻率小於5 GHz的範圍內,微波訊號源將直流或交流能量轉換成微波能量的效率約為70%~85%。無線傳輸通道120效率(ηc)主要由自由空間的路徑損耗(Free Space Path Loss,FSPL)、傳輸通道內其他物體或不同的傳輸介質之間所造成的折射及反射損耗來決定。接收端電路130效率(ηrect)包含了接收天線240及射頻直流整流電路220的效率,射頻直流整流電路220的效率是由接收端接收天線240所接到的微波能量功率大小及接收端電路130的負載所決定,須依照實際情況進行優化設計以提升效率。藉由傳送端電路110、無線傳輸通道120及接收端電路130效率的改進與優化,可使無線傳能系統100達到較佳的整體能量轉換效率。 The efficiency (η t ) of the transmitting end circuit 110 includes the efficiency of the microwave signal source and the transmitting antenna. The efficiency of the transmitting antenna is determined by the gain (Gain) and directivity of the antenna itself. In the frequency range less than 5 GHz, the efficiency of the microwave signal source to convert DC or AC energy into microwave energy is about 70% to 85%. The efficiency (η c ) of the wireless transmission channel 120 is mainly determined by the free space path loss (FSPL), the refraction and reflection loss caused by other objects in the transmission channel or different transmission media. The efficiency of the receiving end circuit 130 (η rect ) includes the efficiency of the receiving antenna 240 and the RF DC rectifying circuit 220. The efficiency of the RF DC rectifying circuit 220 is the magnitude of the microwave energy power received by the receiving end receiving antenna 240 and the receiving end circuit 130 The load is determined and optimized according to the actual situation to improve efficiency. By improving and optimizing the efficiency of the transmitting end circuit 110, the wireless transmission channel 120, and the receiving end circuit 130, the wireless energy transmitting system 100 can achieve better overall energy conversion efficiency.

該傳送端電路110在對該電氣訊號進行脈衝波寬度調變(PWM)時,改變工作週期及波形,以調整該無線傳能系統100的傳輸功率。該波形可為下列波形其中之一:方波、弦波、脈衝波、及三角波。 The transmitting end circuit 110 changes the duty cycle and the waveform when the electrical signal is pulse width modulated (PWM) to adjust the transmission power of the wireless energy transmitting system 100. The waveform can be one of the following waveforms: square wave, sine wave, pulse wave, and triangular wave.

本發明利用一嶄新之波形調變技術,同時搭配寬度調變技術調整工作週期(Duty Cycle),有系統地設計及編輯不 同種類的特殊波形,分別固定平均輸入功率與負載,以示波器與頻譜分析儀量測特殊波形的時域波形與頻譜分佈。並利用不同工作週期、波形對頻寬、功率分佈與射頻直流整流電路220的影響,以寬度調變及波形調變技術達到節省功率、提升能量轉換效率的成效。 The invention utilizes a new waveform modulation technology and adjusts the duty cycle (Duty Cycle) with the width modulation technology, and systematically designs and edits For the same kind of special waveform, the average input power and load are fixed separately, and the time domain waveform and spectrum distribution of the special waveform are measured by the oscilloscope and the spectrum analyzer. The effects of different duty cycles, waveforms on bandwidth, power distribution and RF DC rectifier circuit 220 are utilized, and the effects of power saving and energy conversion efficiency are achieved by the width modulation and waveform modulation technology.

圖4A及圖4B係本發明傳送端電路110所產生波形的示意圖。該傳送端電路110由時域的角度進行特殊波形的設計與編輯,透過逐漸將微波能量集中於特定瞬間,並與寬度調變技術搭配,調整波形的工作週期,即可產生許多不同種類的特殊波形,包含方波、弦波、脈衝波、三角波等常見波形,達到波形調變的系統性設計,並分別設定工作週期為100%與50%。圖4A係工作週期為100%所產生波形的示意圖。圖4B係工作週期為50%所產生波形的示意圖。 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams showing waveforms generated by the transmitting terminal circuit 110 of the present invention. The transmitting end circuit 110 performs special waveform design and editing from the angle of the time domain. By gradually concentrating the microwave energy to a specific moment and matching with the width modulation technology, the working cycle of the waveform is adjusted, and many different kinds of specials can be generated. Waveforms, including common waveforms such as square waves, sine waves, pulse waves, and triangular waves, achieve a systematic design of waveform modulation, and set the duty cycle to 100% and 50%, respectively. Figure 4A is a schematic diagram of a waveform generated with a duty cycle of 100%. Figure 4B is a schematic diagram of a waveform generated with a duty cycle of 50%.

傳送端電路110所產生特殊波形經過頻率為433MHz的載波進行調變,並固定峰對峰值為1 V。圖5A至圖5F係本發明傳送端電路110調變後所產生時域波形的示意圖。如圖5A至圖5F所示,時域波形皆與設計的波形相符。 The special waveform generated by the transmitting end circuit 110 is modulated by a carrier having a frequency of 433 MHz, and the fixed peak-to-peak value is 1 V. 5A to 5F are schematic diagrams showing time domain waveforms generated after the modulation terminal circuit 110 of the present invention is modulated. As shown in Figures 5A through 5F, the time domain waveforms are all consistent with the designed waveform.

圖6A至圖6B係本發明調變後所產生時域波形以頻譜分析儀量測頻譜的示意圖。以Agilent公司所生產型號為N9010A的頻譜分析儀量測頻譜,如圖6A至圖6B所示。圖6A係編號1至編號3的特殊波形的頻譜量測圖。圖6B係編號4至編號6的特殊波形的頻譜量測圖。在相同的平均輸入功率下,透過波形調變的方式,使微波能量逐漸集中於特定瞬間。此時從頻譜進行觀察,頻率為433 MHz的峰值微波能量 逐漸減少,微波能量以頻率為433 MHz為中心逐漸展開,分佈至其他頻率,符合當時域越窄時,其頻寬越大的特性。 6A-6B are schematic diagrams showing the time domain waveform generated by the modulation of the present invention measured by a spectrum analyzer. The spectrum was measured with a spectrum analyzer of the type N9010A produced by Agilent, as shown in Figs. 6A to 6B. Fig. 6A is a spectrum measurement diagram of a special waveform numbered from 1 to 3. Fig. 6B is a spectrum measurement diagram of a special waveform numbered from 4 to 6. At the same average input power, the microwave energy is gradually concentrated at a specific moment by means of waveform modulation. Observed from the spectrum at this time, the peak microwave energy at a frequency of 433 MHz Gradually, the microwave energy is gradually spread around the center of the frequency of 433 MHz, and is distributed to other frequencies, which is characterized by a wider bandwidth when the time domain is narrower.

該傳送端電路110將一載波電氣訊號調變後所產生一射頻調變訊號,經由無線傳輸通道120、匹配電路210,而傳送至射頻直流整流電路220。本發明調整後端該負載電路230的負載電阻,量測輸出電壓並計算能量轉換效率,以驗證波形調變技術提升射頻直流整流電路220的輸出電壓及能量轉換效率的效果。 The transmitting end circuit 110 transmits an RF modulated signal generated by a carrier electrical signal to the RF DC rectifier circuit 220 via the wireless transmission channel 120 and the matching circuit 210. The present invention adjusts the load resistance of the load circuit 230 at the back end, measures the output voltage, and calculates the energy conversion efficiency to verify the effect of the waveform modulation technique to improve the output voltage and energy conversion efficiency of the RF DC rectifier circuit 220.

圖7A至圖7B係本發明在不同負載電阻下輸出電壓的示意圖。固定平均輸入功率為-10 dBm,設定工作週期為100%與50%時,不同波形及負載下的輸出電壓如圖7A及圖7B所示。隨著負載電阻逐漸增加,使用Wave#1~Wave#6特殊波形作為輸入源,可有效提升射頻直流整流電路220的輸出電壓,使其大於以連續波(continue wave,CW)作為輸入源時的輸出電壓。 7A-7B are schematic views of the output voltage of the present invention under different load resistances. The fixed average input power is -10 dBm. When the duty cycle is set to 100% and 50%, the output voltages under different waveforms and loads are shown in Figure 7A and Figure 7B. As the load resistance gradually increases, using the Wave#1~Wave#6 special waveform as the input source, the output voltage of the RF DC rectifier circuit 220 can be effectively increased to be greater than when a continuous wave (CW) is used as an input source. The output voltage.

圖8A至圖8B係本發明在不同導通電流下輸出電壓的示意圖。當將負載轉換為導通電流,固定平均輸入功率為-10 dBm,設定工作週期為100%與50%時,不同波形及導通電流下的輸出電壓如圖8A至圖8B所示。波形調整不同波形之趨勢可以在工作週期為100%(未進行脈衝寬度調變)判讀,可看出Wave#1~Wave#6特殊波形與連續波各有一交點,當導通電流小於交點時,此時本發明使用不同種類的特殊波形可讓輸出電壓大於使用連續波的輸出電壓,而隨著波形越集中(Wave#1→Wave#6),提升的效果越顯著,而 將工作週期由100%降為50%時,可使交點往高導通電流方向移動,增加波形調變技術的適用範圍及輸出電壓。 8A-8B are schematic views of the output voltage of the present invention at different on-currents. When the load is converted to the on-current, the fixed average input power is -10 dBm, and the set voltage is 100% and 50%, the output voltages under different waveforms and on-current are shown in Figures 8A-8B. The trend of waveform adjustment of different waveforms can be interpreted in the working cycle of 100% (no pulse width modulation). It can be seen that Wave#1~Wave#6 has a intersection point between the special waveform and the continuous wave. When the conduction current is less than the intersection point, this The present invention uses different kinds of special waveforms to make the output voltage greater than the output voltage using continuous waves, and as the waveform becomes more concentrated (Wave#1→Wave#6), the effect of the enhancement is more significant, and When the duty cycle is reduced from 100% to 50%, the intersection point can be moved to the high conduction current direction, and the applicable range and output voltage of the waveform modulation technology are increased.

圖9A至圖9B係本發明在不同負載電阻下能量轉換效率的示意圖。射頻直流整流電路220的輸出電壓計算轉換為能量轉換效率,可看出固定平均輸入功率為-10 dBm,設定工作週期為100%與50%時,不同波形及負載下的能量轉換效率,如圖9A至圖9B所示,在高負載電阻下,此時Wave#1~Wave#6特殊波形的輸出電壓皆大於連續波,而將工作週期由100%降為50%時,最佳能量轉換效率操作點明顯往高負載電阻移動。 9A-9B are schematic views of energy conversion efficiency of the present invention under different load resistances. The output voltage of the RF DC rectifier circuit 220 is calculated and converted into energy conversion efficiency. It can be seen that the fixed average input power is -10 dBm, and the energy conversion efficiency under different waveforms and loads is set when the duty cycle is 100% and 50%, as shown in the figure. 9A to 9B, under the high load resistance, the output voltage of the Wave#1~Wave#6 special waveform is greater than the continuous wave, and the optimal energy conversion efficiency is reduced when the duty cycle is reduced from 100% to 50%. The operating point moves significantly toward the high load resistance.

圖10A至圖10B係本發明在不同導通電流下能量轉換效率的示意圖。將負載轉換為導通電流,可看出固定平均輸入功率為-10 dBm,設定工作週期為100%與50%時,不同波形及導通電流下的能量轉換效率,如圖10A至圖10B所示,隨著微波能量的集中,Wave#1~Wave#6特殊波形的最佳能量轉換效率操作點逐漸往低導通電流方向移動,而將工作週期由100%降為50%時,移動的趨勢更加明顯,並可看出能量轉換效率因工作週期下降而提升,故可根據導通電流選擇不同種類的工作週期與波形,達到提升能量轉換效率的成效。 10A-10B are schematic views of energy conversion efficiency of the present invention at different on-currents. Converting the load to the on-current, it can be seen that the fixed average input power is -10 dBm, and the energy conversion efficiency under different waveforms and on-current is set when the duty cycle is 100% and 50%, as shown in FIG. 10A to FIG. 10B. With the concentration of microwave energy, the optimal energy conversion efficiency operating point of Wave#1~Wave#6 special waveform gradually moves toward the low conduction current, and when the duty cycle is reduced from 100% to 50%, the moving trend is more obvious. It can be seen that the energy conversion efficiency is improved due to the decrease of the duty cycle, so different types of duty cycles and waveforms can be selected according to the conduction current, thereby achieving the effect of improving the energy conversion efficiency.

傳送端電路110所產生特殊波形經過頻率為433MHz的載波進行調變,並分別固定負載電阻為20 kΩ與100 kΩ,經由無線傳輸通道120、匹配電路210,而傳送至射頻直流整流電路220。分別以不同的特殊波形作為輸入源並調整平均 輸入功率,量測輸出電壓並計算能量轉換效率,驗證以波形調變技術提升射頻直流整流電路220的輸出電壓及能量轉換效率的效果。 The special waveform generated by the transmitting end circuit 110 is modulated by a carrier having a frequency of 433 MHz, and the fixed load resistance is 20 kΩ and 100 kΩ, respectively, and transmitted to the RF DC rectifying circuit 220 via the wireless transmission channel 120 and the matching circuit 210. Use different special waveforms as input sources and adjust the average Input power, measure the output voltage and calculate the energy conversion efficiency, and verify the effect of the waveform modulation technology to improve the output voltage and energy conversion efficiency of the RF DC rectifier circuit 220.

圖11A至圖11B係本發明在不同波形及平均輸入功率下的輸出電壓的示意圖。分別固定負載電阻為20 kΩ與100 kΩ、工作週期為50%時,分別以Wave#1、Wave#3、Wave#5、Wave#6特殊波形作為輸入源,量測射頻直流整流電路220在以不同波形作為輸入源的輸出電壓,如圖11A至圖11B所示,可看出在負載為20 kΩ時,隨著平均輸入功率的增加,Wave#1、Wave#3、Wave#5特殊波形的輸出電壓皆大於連續波。 11A-11B are schematic diagrams of output voltages of the present invention at different waveforms and average input power. When the fixed load resistance is 20 kΩ and 100 kΩ, and the duty cycle is 50%, Wave#1, Wave#3, Wave#5, Wave#6 special waveforms are used as input sources respectively, and the RF DC rectifier circuit 220 is measured. The output voltage of different waveforms as the input source, as shown in Fig. 11A to Fig. 11B, can be seen that when the load is 20 kΩ, with the increase of the average input power, Wave#1, Wave#3, Wave#5 special waveforms The output voltage is greater than the continuous wave.

當負載為100 kΩ時,Wave#1、Wave#3、Wave#5、Wave#6特殊波形的輸出電壓亦皆大於連續波,可看出以寬度調變搭配波形調變技術提升射頻直流整流電路220之輸出電壓的成效,而且因為負載電阻為100 kΩ時較接近特殊波形的最佳負載,所以當負載電阻為100 kΩ時,波形調變技術所提升的電壓比負載電阻為20 kΩ時明顯。 When the load is 100 kΩ, the output voltages of Wave#1, Wave#3, Wave#5, Wave#6 special waveforms are also larger than continuous waves. It can be seen that the RF modulation circuit is improved by the width modulation and waveform modulation technology. The output voltage of 220 is effective, and because the load resistance is 100 kΩ, which is closer to the optimal load of the special waveform, when the load resistance is 100 kΩ, the voltage boosted by the waveform modulation technique is more obvious than the load resistance of 20 kΩ.

圖12A至圖12B係本發明在不同波形及平均輸入功率下的能量轉換效率的示意圖。將射頻直流整流電路220在以不同波形作為輸入源的輸出電壓經計算轉換為能量轉換效率,如圖12A至圖12B所示,可看出在負載電阻為20 kΩ時,此時的能量轉換效率由高至低依序為Wave#1特殊波形、Wave#3、Wave#5、連續波、Wave#6,因為負載為20 kΩ時 比較接近Wave#1、Wave#3特殊波形的最佳負載操作點,所以Wave#1、Wave#3特殊波形的能量轉換效率明顯地提升。 12A-12B are schematic diagrams of energy conversion efficiencies of the present invention at different waveforms and average input power. The RF DC rectification circuit 220 is converted into an energy conversion efficiency by an output voltage with different waveforms as an input source, as shown in FIG. 12A to FIG. 12B, and the energy conversion efficiency at the time when the load resistance is 20 kΩ can be seen. From high to low, Wave#1 special waveform, Wave#3, Wave#5, continuous wave, Wave#6, because the load is 20 kΩ Compared with the optimal load operation point of Wave#1 and Wave#3 special waveforms, the energy conversion efficiency of Wave#1 and Wave#3 special waveforms is obviously improved.

當負載電阻為100 kΩ時,此時的輸出電壓及能量轉換效率由高至低依序為Wave#5特殊波形、Wave#6、Wave#3、Wave#1、連續波,因為負載為100 kΩ時比較接近Wave#5、Wave#6特殊波形的最佳負載操作點,所以Wave#5、Wave#6特殊波形的能量轉換效率明顯地提升。 When the load resistance is 100 kΩ, the output voltage and energy conversion efficiency at this time are from high to low, Wave#5 special waveform, Wave#6, Wave#3, Wave#1, continuous wave, because the load is 100 kΩ. Compared with the optimal load operation point of Wave#5 and Wave#6 special waveforms, the energy conversion efficiency of Wave#5 and Wave#6 special waveforms is obviously improved.

由前述圖7A至圖12B可知,不同種類特殊波形的最佳負載並不相同,最佳波形的選定主要與後端負載電阻之導通電流有關。本發明為目前最先提出了最佳負載受波形之影響之研究,而平均輸入功率主要影響能量轉換效率所提升的幅度,當平均輸入功率愈小或負載電阻愈接近此特殊波形的最佳負載時,利用波形調變技術所提升的輸出電壓及能量轉換效率更加明顯。 It can be seen from the foregoing FIG. 7A to FIG. 12B that the optimal loads of different types of special waveforms are not the same, and the selection of the optimum waveform is mainly related to the on-current of the back-end load resistor. The present invention is the first to propose the study of the influence of the optimal load on the waveform, and the average input power mainly affects the amplitude of the energy conversion efficiency, and the smaller the average input power or the closer the load resistance is to the optimal load of the special waveform. At the same time, the output voltage and energy conversion efficiency improved by the waveform modulation technique are more obvious.

透過射頻直流整流電路220進行發光二極體的驅動,以顯示使用波形調變搭配寬度調變技術提升能量轉換效率及減少輸入功率的成效。一般常用小型電路所需的額定電壓為1.5 V,驅動發光二極體則需要較大的電流,因此作為後端負載的發光二極體的驅動電壓為1.5 V。同時該傳送端電路110產生中心頻率為433MHz的微波能量,並在相同平均輸入功率、工作週期為50%下,分別以Wave#1、Wave#3、Wave#5、Wave#6特殊波形作為輸入源,傳輸至射頻直流整流電路220,最後透過射頻直流整流電路220將微波能量轉 換成直流能量驅動發光二極體,並量測發光二極體的跨壓(Vout_LED)及電流、及計算能量轉換效率(PCE_LED)。 The LED is driven by the RF DC rectifier circuit 220 to show the effect of using the waveform modulation and width modulation technology to improve energy conversion efficiency and reduce input power. Generally, the rated voltage required for a small-sized circuit is 1.5 V, and a large current is required to drive the light-emitting diode, so that the driving voltage of the light-emitting diode as a back-end load is 1.5 V. At the same time, the transmitting end circuit 110 generates microwave energy with a center frequency of 433 MHz, and uses Wave#1, Wave#3, Wave#5, Wave#6 special waveforms as inputs under the same average input power and 50% duty cycle. The source is transmitted to the RF DC rectifier circuit 220, and finally the microwave energy is transferred through the RF DC rectifier circuit 220. Switching to DC energy drives the LED, and measures the voltage across the LED (Vout_LED) and current, and calculates the energy conversion efficiency (PCE_LED).

圖13係本發明在不同波形及平均輸入功率下的輸出電壓的示意圖。以不同特殊波形作為輸入源時,射頻直流整流電路220驅動發光二極體的跨壓,如圖13所示,當發光二極體所需的跨壓小於1.58 V時,使用不同特殊波形作為輸入源,較小的平均輸入功率即可讓圖13產生發光二極體所需要的驅動電壓。 Figure 13 is a schematic illustration of the output voltage of the present invention at different waveforms and average input power. When different special waveforms are used as the input source, the RF DC rectifier circuit 220 drives the voltage across the LEDs. As shown in FIG. 13, when the voltage required by the LED is less than 1.58 V, different special waveforms are used as inputs. The source, the smaller average input power, allows Figure 13 to produce the drive voltage required for the LED.

以發光二極體所需跨壓為1.5 V為例,當輸入源為連續波(C.W.)時,需要平均輸入功率為-5.55 dBm才能達到。當輸入源為Wave#6特殊波形時,所需的平均輸入功率降為-7.26 dBm。當輸入源為Wave#1特殊波形時,所需的平均輸入功率降為-7.87 dBm。當輸入源為Wave#3特殊波形時,所需的平均輸入功率降為-8.00 dBm。而當輸入源為Wave#5特殊波形時,僅需平均輸入功率為-8.58 dBm即可達到。本發明藉由波形調變技術,當所需跨壓為1.5 V時,可有效地降低平均輸入功率3.03 dB。當所需跨壓為1.2 V時,更有效地降低平均輸入功率4.30 dB。 For example, if the required voltage across the LED is 1.5 V, when the input source is continuous wave (C.W.), the average input power is required to be -5.55 dBm. When the input source is a Wave#6 special waveform, the average input power required is -7.26 dBm. When the input source is a Wave#1 special waveform, the average input power required is -7.78 dBm. When the input source is a Wave#3 special waveform, the average input power required is -8.00 dBm. When the input source is Wave#5 special waveform, only the average input power is -8.58 dBm. The invention adopts the waveform modulation technology to effectively reduce the average input power by 3.03 dB when the required voltage across the voltage is 1.5 V. When the required voltage across the voltage is 1.2 V, the average input power is reduced by 4.30 dB more effectively.

圖14係本發明在不同波形及平均輸入功率下的能量轉換效率的示意圖。以不同特殊波形作為輸入源,射頻直流整流電路220驅動發光二極體的能量轉換效率,如圖14所示,最佳能量轉換效率操作點的平均輸入功率隨著特殊波形能量的集中而逐漸往低功率移動,所以當平均輸入功率逐漸減小時,愈能有效地提升能量轉換效率。當固定平均 輸入功率為-8 dBm時,使用本發明波形調變搭配寬度調變技術可將能量轉換效率由1.3%大幅提升至34.5%,因此,透過以波形調變搭配寬度調變技術,在射頻直流整流電路220的發光二極體驅動,可有效驗證提升能量轉換效率及減少平均輸入功率的成效。 Figure 14 is a graphical representation of the energy conversion efficiency of the present invention at different waveforms and average input power. Using different special waveforms as input sources, the RF DC rectifier circuit 220 drives the energy conversion efficiency of the LEDs. As shown in FIG. 14, the average input power of the optimal energy conversion efficiency operating point gradually increases with the concentration of the special waveform energy. Low power movement, so when the average input power is gradually reduced, the energy conversion efficiency is improved more effectively. Fixed average When the input power is -8 dBm, the energy conversion efficiency can be greatly improved from 1.3% to 34.5% by using the waveform modulation and width modulation technology of the present invention. Therefore, the RF conversion is performed by using a waveform modulation with a width modulation technique. The LED of the circuit 220 is driven to effectively verify the efficiency of the energy conversion and reduce the average input power.

綜上所述,本發明提出一嶄新之波形調變技術,同時搭配寬度調變技術調整工作週期(Duty Cycle),有系統地設計及編輯不同種類的特殊波形,分別固定平均輸入功率與負載,量測特殊波形的時域波形與頻譜分佈,並探討不同工作週期、波形對頻寬、功率分佈與射頻直流整流電路220的影響,同時亦進行發光二極體驅動,本發明以寬度調變及波形調變技術達到節省功率、提升能量轉換效率的成效,尤可適用於生醫植入裝置的充電。 In summary, the present invention proposes a new waveform modulation technology, and adjusts the duty cycle (Duty Cycle) with the width modulation technology, systematically designs and edits different types of special waveforms, and respectively fixes the average input power and load. Measuring the time domain waveform and spectrum distribution of the special waveform, and discussing the effects of different duty cycles, waveforms on the bandwidth, power distribution and the RF DC rectification circuit 220, and also driving the LEDs, the width modulation of the present invention The waveform modulation technology achieves the effect of saving power and improving energy conversion efficiency, and is particularly suitable for charging a biomedical implant device.

由上述可知,本發明無論就目的、手段及功效,在在均顯示其迥異於習知技術之特徵,極具實用價值。惟應注意的是,上述諸多實施例僅係為了便於說明而舉例而已,本發明所主張之權利範圍自應以申請專利範圍所述為率,而非僅限於上述實施例。 From the above, it can be seen that the present invention is extremely useful in terms of its purpose, means, and efficacy, both of which are different from those of the prior art. It is to be noted that the various embodiments described above are merely illustrative for ease of description, and the scope of the claims is intended to be limited by the scope of the claims.

100‧‧‧無線傳能系統 100‧‧‧Wireless Energy Transfer System

110‧‧‧傳送端電路 110‧‧‧Transmitter circuit

120‧‧‧無線傳輸通道 120‧‧‧Wireless transmission channel

130‧‧‧接收端電路 130‧‧‧ Receiver circuit

210‧‧‧匹配電路 210‧‧‧Matching circuit

220‧‧‧射頻直流整流電路 220‧‧‧RF DC rectifier circuit

230‧‧‧該負載電路 230‧‧‧The load circuit

240‧‧‧該接收天線 240‧‧‧The receiving antenna

211‧‧‧第一電感 211‧‧‧first inductance

213‧‧‧第一電容 213‧‧‧first capacitor

221‧‧‧低通濾波器 221‧‧‧Low-pass filter

223‧‧‧第一二極體 223‧‧‧First Diode

225‧‧‧第二二極體 225‧‧‧second diode

227‧‧‧直流帶通濾波器 227‧‧‧DC Bandpass Filter

231‧‧‧第四電容 231‧‧‧fourth capacitor

233‧‧‧可變電阻 233‧‧‧Variable resistor

235‧‧‧負載 235‧‧‧load

310‧‧‧方框 310‧‧‧ box

320‧‧‧方框 320‧‧‧ box

圖1係本發明之以寬度與波形調變之無線傳能系統的方塊圖。 1 is a block diagram of a wireless energy transfer system in accordance with the present invention in width and waveform modulation.

圖2係本發明接收端電路的電路圖。 2 is a circuit diagram of a receiving end circuit of the present invention.

圖3係本發明射頻直流整流電路另一實施例的電路圖。 3 is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of the radio frequency DC rectification circuit of the present invention.

圖4A及圖4B係本發明傳送端電路所產生波形的示意圖。 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams showing waveforms generated by the transmitting end circuit of the present invention.

圖5A至圖5F係本發明傳送端電路調變後所產生時域波形的示意圖。 5A to 5F are schematic diagrams showing time domain waveforms generated after modulation of the transmitting end circuit of the present invention.

圖6A至圖6B係本發明調變後所產生時域波形以頻譜分析儀量測頻譜的示意圖。 6A-6B are schematic diagrams showing the time domain waveform generated by the modulation of the present invention measured by a spectrum analyzer.

圖7A至圖7B係本發明在不同負載電阻下輸出電壓的示意圖。 7A-7B are schematic views of the output voltage of the present invention under different load resistances.

圖8A至圖8B係本發明在不同導通電流下輸出電壓的示意圖。 8A-8B are schematic views of the output voltage of the present invention at different on-currents.

圖9A至圖9B係本發明在不同負載電阻下能量轉換效率的示意圖。 9A-9B are schematic views of energy conversion efficiency of the present invention under different load resistances.

圖10A至圖10B係本發明在不同導通電流下能量轉換效率的示意圖。 10A-10B are schematic views of energy conversion efficiency of the present invention at different on-currents.

圖11A至圖11B係本發明在不同波形及平均輸入功率下的輸出電壓的示意圖。 11A-11B are schematic diagrams of output voltages of the present invention at different waveforms and average input power.

圖12A至圖12B係本發明在不同波形及平均輸入功率下的能量轉換效率的示意圖。 12A-12B are schematic diagrams of energy conversion efficiencies of the present invention at different waveforms and average input power.

圖13係本發明在不同波形及平均輸入功率下的輸出電壓的示意圖。 Figure 13 is a schematic illustration of the output voltage of the present invention at different waveforms and average input power.

圖14係本發明在不同波形及平均輸入功率下的能量轉換效率的示意圖。 Figure 14 is a graphical representation of the energy conversion efficiency of the present invention at different waveforms and average input power.

100‧‧‧無線傳能系統 100‧‧‧Wireless Energy Transfer System

110‧‧‧傳送端電路 110‧‧‧Transmitter circuit

120‧‧‧無線傳輸通道 120‧‧‧Wireless transmission channel

130‧‧‧接收端電路 130‧‧‧ Receiver circuit

Claims (11)

一種以寬度與波形調變之無線傳能系統,包括:一傳送端電路,其將一載波電氣訊號調變後,產生一射頻調變訊號,並由一傳輸天線傳輸該射頻調變訊號;一無線傳輸通道,耦合至該傳輸天線,以傳輸射頻調變訊號;以及一接收端電路,耦合至該無線傳輸通道,以經由一接收天線接收該射頻調變訊號,並將之整流以驅動一負載電路;其中,該傳送端電路係對該載波電氣訊號進行脈衝波寬度調變。 A wireless energy transmission system with width and waveform modulation, comprising: a transmitting end circuit, which modulates a carrier electrical signal to generate an RF modulated signal, and transmits the RF modulated signal by a transmitting antenna; a wireless transmission channel coupled to the transmission antenna for transmitting an RF modulation signal; and a receiving end circuit coupled to the wireless transmission channel for receiving the RF modulation signal via a receiving antenna and rectifying the same to drive a load a circuit; wherein the transmitting end circuit performs pulse width modulation on the carrier electrical signal. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之無線傳能系統,其中,該接收端電路包含一匹配電路、一射頻直流整流電路、及該負載電路。 The wireless energy transmission system of claim 1, wherein the receiving circuit comprises a matching circuit, a radio frequency DC rectifying circuit, and the load circuit. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述之無線傳能系統,其中,該匹配電路包含一第一電感、及一第一電容,該第一電感的一端連接至該接收天線,該第一電容的一端連接至該第一電感的另一端,該第一電容的一端連接至一低電位,該匹配電路使該接收天線接收到的該射頻調變訊號的能量能有效導入該射頻直流整流電路,減少因反射而造成的損耗。 The wireless energy transmission system of claim 2, wherein the matching circuit comprises a first inductor and a first capacitor, one end of the first inductor is connected to the receiving antenna, and one end of the first capacitor Connected to the other end of the first inductor, one end of the first capacitor is connected to a low potential, and the matching circuit enables the energy of the RF modulated signal received by the receiving antenna to be effectively introduced into the RF DC rectifier circuit to reduce the cause Loss caused by reflection. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之無線傳能系統,其中,該射頻直流整流電路係為一倍壓整流電路,以將該匹 配電路輸出訊號的微波能量轉換成直流能量,除倍壓電路外,其他形態之整流電路亦可適用本技術。 The wireless energy transfer system of claim 3, wherein the RF DC rectifier circuit is a voltage doubler rectifier circuit to The microwave energy of the output signal of the circuit is converted into DC energy. In addition to the voltage doubler circuit, the rectifier circuit of other forms can also be applied to the technology. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之無線傳能系統,其中,該倍壓整流電路包含一低通濾波器、一第一二極體、一第二二極體及一直流帶通濾波器,該低通濾波器的一端連接至該第一電感的另一端,該第一二極體的一端連接至該低通濾波器的另一端,該第一二極體的另一端連接至該低電位,該第二二極體的一端連接至該低通濾波器的另一端,該直流帶通濾波器的一端連接至該第二二極體的另一端,該直流帶通濾波器的另一端連接至該低電位。 The wireless energy transfer system of claim 4, wherein the voltage doubler rectifier circuit comprises a low pass filter, a first diode, a second diode, and a DC band pass filter. One end of the low pass filter is connected to the other end of the first inductor, one end of the first diode is connected to the other end of the low pass filter, and the other end of the first diode is connected to the low potential One end of the second diode is connected to the other end of the low pass filter, and one end of the DC band pass filter is connected to the other end of the second diode, and the other end of the DC band pass filter is connected To this low potential. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述之無線傳能系統,其中,該低通濾波器係一第二電容,該直流帶通濾波器係一第三電容。 The wireless energy transmission system of claim 5, wherein the low pass filter is a second capacitor, and the DC band pass filter is a third capacitor. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述之無線傳能系統,其中,該倍壓整流電路係為一N階倍壓整流電路,N為大於1之整數。 The wireless energy transfer system of claim 4, wherein the voltage doubler rectifier circuit is an N-order voltage doubler rectifier circuit, and N is an integer greater than one. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之無線傳能系統,其中,該負載電路包含一第四電容、一可變電阻及一負載,該第四電容的一端連接至該第二二極體的另一端,該第四電容的另一端連接至該低電位,該可變電阻的一端連接至該第二二極體的另一端,該負載的一端連接至該可變電阻的另一端,該負載的一端連接至該低電位。 The wireless energy transmission system of claim 6, wherein the load circuit comprises a fourth capacitor, a variable resistor and a load, and one end of the fourth capacitor is connected to the second diode One end of the fourth capacitor is connected to the low potential, one end of the variable resistor is connected to the other end of the second diode, and one end of the load is connected to the other end of the variable resistor, the load One end is connected to the low potential. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之無線傳能系統,其中,該可變電阻係一第三二極體。 The wireless energy transmission system of claim 8, wherein the variable resistance is a third diode. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之無線傳能系統,其中,該傳送端電路在對對該電氣訊號進行脈衝波寬度調變時,改變工作週期及波形,以調整該無線傳能系統的傳輸功率。 The wireless energy transmission system of claim 1, wherein the transmitting end circuit changes the duty cycle and the waveform when adjusting the pulse width of the electrical signal to adjust the transmission of the wireless energy transmission system. power. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之無線傳能系統,其中,該波形可為下列波形其中之一:方波、弦波、脈衝波、及三角波。 The wireless energy transmission system of claim 8, wherein the waveform is one of the following waveforms: a square wave, a sine wave, a pulse wave, and a triangular wave.
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