TW201410771A - Bio-based plastics material and process of producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a process for producing a bio-based plastic material which includes modified natural polysaccharide from plants, aliphatic polymeric alcohol and additives. The process applies a technique of solution blending under conditions to produce a homogeneous blend. This blend is subjected to dry forming, grilling and milling to obtain the bio-based plastic material containing bio-matrix. The bio-based plastic material in accordance with the present invention is used as a substitute for ABS, PE, PP, EVA, PS and TPR in a conventional plastic material at a ratio. Use thereof can greatly decrease the dependence of related industries on petroleum.

Description

Raw plastic material and manufacturing method thereof

[0001] The present invention relates to a bio-based plastic material and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to a method for producing a raw plastic material using modified starch and a method for producing the same. The invention also relates to a composite plastic material containing the raw plastic material.

[0002] The annual production of plastic materials in the world is as high as 150 million metric tons, accounting for more than one-third of the proportion of people's livelihood products or industrial materials. Traditional plastic materials products, due to their main dependence on the source of petrochemical raw materials, generate a large amount of greenhouse gases in the process, causing increasingly serious global climate change problems. In addition, improper handling of plastic waste can cause multiple environmental pollution. In order to solve the global climate change and environmental pollution problems, low-carbon environmentally-friendly products made of green materials with energy conservation and carbon reduction as the primary goal have been recognized by consumers. Therefore, under the trend of a green material revolution, related product manufacturers must be actively responsible for finding more environmentally friendly alternatives for plastic materials.

[0003] On the other hand, traditional plastic materials are relatively cheap, but due to the short cycle time, it takes a very high environmental and cost to deal with a large number of discarded plastic materials, including the poisonous gas generated by incineration and buried in the environment. It will not deteriorate, and recycling requires a complete recycling system and rework. In terms of the overall economy, according to the article "Green Chemistry: Development and Application of Ecological Materials" published by the Institute of Energy and Environment of the Industrial Technology Research Institute, China's plastics industry is now in environmental protection, regulations, shortage of crude oil and soaring prices of raw materials. Under the various factors, it faces an extremely severe test. Therefore, the industry should actively develop eco-material technologies such as environmentally-friendly green plastics that are based on sustainable development to replace traditional consumable petrochemical raw materials.

[0004] At present, environmentally-friendly green plastics can be roughly divided into two categories: (1) Carbon-reducing plastics: replacing some high-carbon discharged petrochemical raw materials with non-toxic and low-carbon inorganic salts. The key technology lies in organic polymers and inorganic salts. Mixing compatibility; and (2) generalized bioplastics: according to the classification of the European Bioplastics Association, it can be divided into biodegradable plastics that can be decomposed in nature. ) and bio-based plastics with biomaterials as the main source.

[0005] Because most of the raw materials of bio-plastics are taken from plants, and secondly from animals, the former constitutes molecules that are produced by photosynthesis, while the latter constitutes molecules that participate in the process of food chain in the ecosystem. At the same time, it has the environmental characteristics of renewable and low-carbon emissions. It is not like the source of petrochemical raw materials. It needs to undergo the cracking of petroleum and the synthesis of high molecular polymers. The process is extremely energy intensive and produces a large amount of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the total amount of carbon dioxide in the life cycle of bioplastic materials will be reduced compared with the total amount produced by petrochemical materials, which will have a substantial contribution to the overall carbon dioxide reduction of the earth.

[0006] In the traditional plastics industry, due to cost and processability considerations, the use of melt blending technology for the development of new plastic materials is commonly referred to as hot melt mixing or mixing in the industry for mixing. Different polymer materials are uniformly mixed in the molten state to achieve the set performance. However, since this technique lies in the limitation of the molecular distribution scale and the compatibility difference of the polymer in the molten state, there is a limit. In order to break through this limit, technology The surgeon began to think about other possible techniques for developing new plastic materials, so on the basis of melt blending, the use of additives to overcome the limitations of molecular distribution and compatibility issues, the purpose is nothing more than increasing the polymer The compatibility between the two and the overall processability, although this approach has some breakthroughs in performance, but still limited by the performance limitations of the polymer in the general plastic material itself. Moreover, most of the raw materials of bio-plastics are not suitable for processing by melt blending, which easily leads to problems such as molecular inferiority. Therefore, the manufacturing technology of traditional plastic materials is not suitable for the development of new bio-plastic materials.

[0007] According to the limitations mentioned in the previous paragraph [0006], the technical field still has a need for different new bio-plastic materials, and needs a novel process suitable for manufacturing new bio-plastic materials, and at the same time conforms to the environmental world trend of friendly environment. It also considers the related technologies that can be applied to the production of new bio-plastic materials due to cost reduction and ease of processing.

[0008] In view of the lack of a bioplastic material that can replace traditional plastic materials in the prior art, and the prior art method is not suitable for making bioplastic materials, the present invention provides a method suitable for making bioplastic materials, and a method A bio-plastic material that replaces traditional plastic materials that are environmentally friendly.

[0009] Therefore, in one aspect, the present invention provides a raw plastic material comprising: a modified starch which is physically or chemically modified from a starch starting material; an aliphatic high molecular alcohol (aliphatic polymeric alcohol); and an additive.

[0010] According to the present invention, the starch starting system is mainly composed of plant poly Made up of sugar. Preferably, the starch starting material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: tapioca starch, corn starch, wheat starch, potato starch, and legume starch.

[0011] According to the present invention, the modified starch-based starch starting material is physically or chemically modified, and comprises a starch selected from the group consisting of acetylated starch, cationized starch, oxidized starch, and crosslinked starch. At least one of the groups.

[0012] The oxidized starch-based natural starch as used herein is formed by treatment with an oxidizing agent; the oxidized starch has a shorter chain than the native starch, which can increase white matter and reduce microbial content. In addition, the combination with hydrogen reduces the tendency to age; the production of soft gels with high clarity, oxidized starch is the best thickener for applications requiring low stiffness gels, and improves the adhesion during application.

[0013] As the acetylated starch used herein, also known as starch acetate, the natural starch is chemically reacted with acetic anhydride or vinyl acetate, wherein the ester group is most economical in preventing the degradation of amylose. It can prevent gelation and condensation, maintain the appearance structure, and can increase the stability of freeze-melt, increase the water storage capacity, lower the temperature of starch gelatinization, increase the maximum viscosity of the gel, and improve the clarity of the gel. This type of modification produces a stable paste-like starch that can withstand multiple freeze-thaw cycles and prevent condensation from occurring. Mixtures of acetaminolated starch and crosslinked starch are widely used in the food industry. In addition, ethylated starch provides excellent stable viscosity.

[0014] Crosslinked starch as used herein uses cross-linking to control structure and provide thermal, acid, and mechanical shear resistance. By using The starch can be optimally controlled in terms of standardized processing, processing and product shelf life, and the flexibility of the product is improved; and crosslinking can increase the combination of hydrogen and inhibit the expansion of the particles. The cross-linking treatment is used to strengthen the physical properties of the starch, so that the viscosity of the heated cross-linked starch slurry is increased, and it is not easy to be decomposed by the prolonged heating time or acidity or excessive agitation, and is suitable for low pH and high heat and More mechanical shear processing.

[0015] The additive as used herein produces a skeleton in the raw plastic material for maintaining the substantial overall volume of the green plastic material, helping to increase the dimensional stability of the plastic article and increasing the hardness of the article. It can improve the heat resistance and process performance of plastic products for subsequent applications. When the powder has a small particle size to a certain size, it can also improve the surface gloss and surface flatness of the product.

[0016] Preferably, the additive is a filler, but is not limited to: inorganic salts such as calcium carbonate, talc powder, wollastonite powder, lithopone. (lithopone), white carbon or borate.

[0017] According to the present invention, the raw plastic material is mixed with the modified starch, the aliphatic high molecular alcohol and the additive in an appropriate ratio by solution blending to form a final blend. Preferably, the weight ratio of the modified starch, the aliphatic high molecular alcohol and the additive is modified starch: aliphatic high molecular alcohol: additive = 0.14~7.20: 0.14~7.20:1. More preferably, the weight ratio of the modified starch, the aliphatic high molecular alcohol and the additive is modified starch: aliphatic high molecular alcohol: additive = 0.3~1.2: 0.3~1.2:1.

[0018] According to the present invention, the modified starch, the aliphatic high molecular alcohol and the additive may be present in the form of a solution or a solid. When it is in solution When present, the modified starch, the aliphatic high molecular alcohol, and the additive include a solvent and a solid component.

[0019] According to the present invention, the aliphatic high molecular alcohol refers to an aliphatic polymer having a hydroxyl group (-OH) functional group. The aliphatic high molecular alcohols are, for example, polyvinyl alcohol or derivative thereof, which include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene vinyl alcohol or Its derivatives. Preferably, the degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol or its derivative is preferably between 300 and 2800; more preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol or its derivative is between 1000 and 2400. Preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol derivative contains a carboxyl group such as an acetic acid, a butyric acid group, a sterol group, or a fat group. Group of polyvinyl alcohol.

[0020] The bioplastic material in accordance with the present invention is intended to replace any petrochemical plastic material or known bioplastic material. Therefore, in one aspect, the present invention also provides a composite plastic material comprising the raw plastic material as described above; and a polymeric plastic material such as, but not limited to, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene Copolymer (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, ABS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polystyrene (PS) With thermoplastic rubber (TPR).

[0021] According to the present invention, the raw plastic material and the polymer plastic material are mixed by melt blending. Preferably, the raw plastic material accounts for 10% to 70% by weight of the overall composite plastic material; more preferably 20% to 60%; more preferably 20% to 50%. [0022] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing a raw plastic material, comprising: [0023] dissolving a predetermined amount of modified starch in a predetermined amount of pure water to form a modified starch aqueous solution; [0024] Mixing a predetermined amount of the additive in the modified starch aqueous solution to form a modified starch blend; [0025] mixing a predetermined amount of the aliphatic high molecular alcohol in the modified starch blend to form a final blend And [0026] drying the final blend to form a green plastic material.

The present invention utilizes the pure water as a solvent system, and mixes the modified starch, the additive, and the aliphatic high molecular alcohol in an appropriate order, wherein the pure water is preferably selected from the group consisting of distilled water, deionized water, and reverse At least one of the groups of permeated water. More preferably, it is distilled water or deionized water.

[0027] According to the present invention, the green plastic material is mixed with the modified starch, the aliphatic high molecular alcohol, and the additive in an appropriate ratio by means of "solution blending" to form a final blend. Preferably, the weight ratio of the total weight of the solid content of the modified starch, the aliphatic high molecular alcohol and the additive to the pure water is 1:1.5 to 9.0; more preferably the modified starch or the aliphatic high molecular alcohol The weight ratio of the total weight of the solid component to the additive to the pure water is 1:1.8 to 4.0.

[0028] According to the present invention, the aqueous modified starch solution is formed at a suitable temperature range. Preferably, the modified starch aqueous solution forming step comprises: dissolving a predetermined amount of the modified starch in a predetermined amount of pure water in a mixing tank having temperature and rotation speed control at a temperature ranging from 30 ° C to 100 ° C to form Modified aqueous starch solution.

[0029] According to the invention, the modified starch blend is at a suitable temperature Formed under the degree range. Preferably, the modified starch blend forming step comprises mixing a predetermined amount of the additive in a modified starch tank having a temperature and a rotational speed control at a temperature ranging from 30 ° C to 100 ° C in the modified starch aqueous solution to form a modified Starch blend.

[0030] In accordance with the present invention, the final blend is formed by blending at a suitable temperature range. Preferably, the final blend forming step comprises mixing a predetermined amount of the aliphatic high molecular alcohol with the modified starch blend in a mixing tank having temperature and speed control at a temperature ranging from 30 ° C to 100 ° C. Medium to form the final blend.

[0031] In accordance with the present invention, the final blend is dewatered at a suitable temperature range to form the desired green plastic material. Preferably, the final blend drying step is performed by drying the final blend at a temperature ranging from 40 ° C to 235 ° C in a temperature controlled apparatus to form a green plastic material. More preferably, the final blend is dried by hot air drying, spray drying, vacuum drying, or the like, which can be dried in any order.

[0032] The raw plastic material according to the present invention can be produced by any of the foregoing methods for producing a raw plastic material, wherein the step of forming the final blend comprises grinding and pulverizing the dried final blend to produce a final blend. Powdered, lumpy, granular or flaky raw plastic material.

[0033] Based on the development of bioplastic products, it is necessary to meet the trend of environmental protection and reduce the market cost and processing demand. The present invention uses solution blending technology as a manufacturing method of a new type of raw plastic material, and gradually sets a proportion of pure water. The aliphatic polymer alcohol, the modified starch and the additive are solution-mixed; after the final blend produced above is dried under the set conditions, the raw plastic material according to the present invention can be obtained. The invention utilizes plant aggregation Polysaccharide from plants as a biological substrate, and a solution blending technique to produce a desired green plastic material, in addition to the environmentally friendly properties of an aliphatic high molecular alcohol having a hydroxyl group (OH Group), In combination with water as a technical means of the solvent system, the method for producing the raw plastic material of the present invention has a high compatibility of the blending system, can also reduce the processing time and reduce the pollution caused by the use of the organic solvent, and is available for Large quantities of the desired raw plastic materials are produced without polluting the environment.

[0034] Specifically, the weight ratio of the modified starch, the aliphatic high molecular alcohol, and the additive used in the method for producing the raw plastic material of the present invention is modified starch: aliphatic high molecular alcohol: additive = 0.14~ 7.20: 0.14~7.20:1, and the total weight of the solid components of the three components is the total weight of the solid components: pure water = 1:1.5~9.0; the system temperature condition of the solution blending The desired green plastic material can be obtained by drying between 30 ° C and 95 ° C and then between 40 ° C and 235 ° C.

[0035] As is known, there are limitations to the use of solution blending techniques for mixing polymeric materials. The present invention utilizes a specific solvent system and a temperature gradient regulating component phase, and utilizes aliphatic polymeric alcohols due to their primary bonding. The structure, the secondary segment structure and the configuration of the tertiary polymer chain produce the molecular chain or the molecular chain itself and the ratio of the formula to produce a four-level distribution structure of the polymer chain, and select a specific material ratio and manufacture. Conditions to develop a bioplastic material according to the present invention to replace the prior art such as (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, ABS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymerization (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, EVA), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polybutylene terephthalate A petrochemical plastic material of a mixture of (polybutylene terephthalate, PBT), thermoplastic rubber (TPR), polycarbonate, or the like.

[0036] The polymer material may be any of the aforementioned petrochemical plastic materials. For example, the ABS resin may be blended with a plurality of resins into a blend such as PC/ABS, ABS/PVC, PA/ABS, PBT/ABS, etc. , to create new properties and new application areas, such as: ABS resin and PMMA mixed to produce transparent ABS resin.

[0037] The polymer material suitable for use in the present invention may be any known petrochemical plastic material, for example, the PE system includes i) high density polyethylene (HDPE), also known as low pressure polyethylene, because Produced at low pressure, containing more long chains, so the density is high. Mainly used in the manufacture of various injection, blow molding and extrusion products; ii) Medium Density Polyethylene (MDPE, Medium Density Polyethylene); iii) Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE, Low Density Polyethylene) using high pressure method (147.17~196.2Mpa) ) Production, more branches, low strength, used to produce film products; iv) Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE, Linear Low Density Polyethylene) and other products.

[0038] The polymer material suitable for use in the present invention may also be a bioplastic material such as polylactic acid, polylactate, polycaprolactam, polycaprolactone or other raw plastic materials.

[0039] In summary, the raw plastic material according to the present invention can be applied as a product of bioplastic materials, thereby reducing the use of petrochemical plastic materials, in order to achieve the world trend of energy saving, carbon-friendly, friendly environment, and low cost. With the market demand for easy processing.

[0040] The present invention achieves the present invention by gradually performing the blending of the specified components by means of a device having a heating constant temperature to obtain a final blend, and then drying the final blend with a device having temperature control capability. Bioplastic materials.

[0041] In particular, the green plastic material according to the present invention can be gradually added to a relative condition by adding a certain proportion of pure water to a set condition by the steps shown in FIG. The proportion of the modified starch, the aliphatic high molecular alcohol and the additive are solution blended, and the final blend is completed after the homogenous phase is reached, and then the final blend obtained is connected to the device with temperature control capability. It is obtained by drying under specific conditions.

[0042] The present invention is further described by the following specific examples in accordance with the two set conditions set forth herein.

[0043] <Specific Example 1>

[0044] First, the system temperature of the mixer table having the constant temperature heating function was set to 95 ° C, and 9 Kg of pure water was injected to raise the temperature and stir. When the system temperature reached 95 ° C, 720 g of oxidized starch was gradually added, and the solution was mixed at 95 ° C until 20 minutes later, and a yellowish milky white modified starch aqueous solution was obtained. 100 g of calcium carbonate was gradually added to the above solution, and the system temperature was maintained at 95 ° C for the solution blending until a mixed solution of white modified starch-calcium carbonate with a slight dark ash was obtained as the modified starch blend. The system temperature is maintained at 95 ° C, and then 180 g of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization 300) is added to the mixed solution of modified starch-calcium carbonate for solution mixing for 20-25 minutes, which is polyvinyl alcohol-modified starch. - the final blend of calcium carbonate. Placing the final blend on a carrier of a temperature-controlled device in an environment The raw plastic material prepared by the method of the present invention can be obtained by drying at a temperature of 50 ° C for 96 hours.

[0045] Based on the overall standard test piece, a 35% by weight thermoplastic rubber (TPR) was replaced with a new type of raw plastic material to prepare a standard test piece, and the prepared standard test piece was subjected to Table-1. The performance tests shown are shown in Table-1.

[0046] <Specific Example 2>

[0047] First, the system temperature of the mixer with heating and constant temperature was set to 60 ° C, and 7 Kg of pure water was injected to raise the temperature and stir. When the system temperature reached 60 ° C, 420 g of oxidized starch was gradually added, and the solution was blended at 60 ° C until 30 minutes later, and a yellowish milky white modified starch aqueous solution was obtained. To the above solution, 900 g of calcium carbonate was gradually added, and the system temperature was maintained at 60 ° C to continue the solution blending until a mixed solution of white modified starch-calcium carbonate with a slight dark ash was present as the modified starch blend. The system temperature is maintained at 60 ° C, and then 1.68 Kg of polyvinyl alcohol (degree of polymerization 2400) is added to the mixed solution of modified starch-calcium carbonate for solution blending for 2 hours, which is polyvinyl alcohol-modified starch-carbonic acid. The final blend of calcium. The final blend is placed on a carrier of a device having temperature control capability and dried at ambient temperature of 90 ° C for 48 hours to obtain a green plastic material prepared in accordance with the method of the present invention.

[0048] Based on the overall standard test piece, 40% by weight of TPR was replaced with a new type of green plastic material to prepare a standard test piece, and the obtained standard test piece was subjected to the performance test shown in Table-2, The results are shown in Table-2.

[0049] According to the formula composition and the manufacturing method thereof, a novel raw plastic material containing modified starch, aliphatic high molecular alcohol and additive can be prepared, which is prepared by solution blending technology, and the above test result is obtained. It is confirmed that when the raw plastic material according to the present invention is used in combination with the polymer material of the prior art, the composite material still has the characteristics of strength, wear resistance, and slip resistance comparable to the prior art polymer materials, and can be used to replace the petrochemical. Plastic materials can effectively reduce the use of petrochemical plastic materials, which will not only meet the trend of the world's friendly environment, but also break through the limitations of traditional mixing technology, improve process technology and take into account overall manufacturing costs and material processing. .

[0050] The above description of the present invention will be described in detail by way of example only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The spirit and scope of the invention should be considered as further implementation of the invention.

1 is a manufacturing method in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. flow chart.

Claims (26)

A raw plastic material comprising: a modified starch which is physically or chemically modified from a starch starting material; and an aliphatic polymeric alcohol. The raw plastic material according to claim 1, wherein the starch starting material is mainly composed of vegetable glycans. The raw plastic material according to claim 1, wherein the starch starting material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: tapioca starch, corn starch, wheat starch, potato starch, and legume starch. . The raw plastic material according to claim 2, wherein the modified starch comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of oxidized starch, acetylated starch, cationized starch, and crosslinked starch. The raw plastic material according to claim 1, which further comprises an additive. The raw plastic material of claim 5, wherein the additive is a filler for maintaining the overall volume of the green plastic material. The raw plastic material according to claim 5, wherein the additive is an inorganic salt. The raw plastic material according to claim 7, wherein the inorganic salt comprises calcium carbonate, talc powder, wollastonite powder, lithopone, white smoke ( White carbon) or borate. The raw plastic material according to claim 1, wherein the aliphatic high molecular alcohol is a polyvinyl alcohol or a derivative thereof, which comprises polyvinyl alcohol and poly A derivative of vinyl formal, polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene-vinyl alcohol or the like. The raw plastic material according to claim 1, wherein the degree of polymerization of the aliphatic high molecular alcohol is between 300 and 2800. The raw plastic material according to claim 1, wherein the aliphatic high molecular alcohol has a polymerization degree of between 1,000 and 2,400. The raw material plastic material according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the modified starch, the aliphatic high molecular alcohol and the additive is modified starch: aliphatic high molecular alcohol: additive=0.14~7.20: 0.14~7.20 :1. The raw material of the raw material according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the modified starch, the aliphatic high molecular alcohol and the additive is modified starch: aliphatic high molecular alcohol: additive=0.3~1.2:0.3~1.2 :1. A method for producing a raw plastic material, comprising: dissolving a predetermined amount of modified starch in a predetermined amount of pure water to form a modified starch aqueous solution; mixing a predetermined amount of the additive in the modified starch aqueous solution to form a modified a starch blend; mixing a predetermined amount of an aliphatic high molecular alcohol in the modified starch blend to form a final blend; and drying the final blend to form a green plastic material. The method for producing a raw plastic material according to claim 14, wherein the pure water is selected from at least one of the group consisting of distilled water, deionized water, and reverse osmosis water. The method for producing a raw plastic material according to claim 14, wherein the total weight of the solid content of the modified starch, the aliphatic high molecular alcohol and the additive The weight ratio of the amount to the pure water is 1:1.5 to 9.0. The method for producing a raw plastic material according to claim 14, wherein the weight ratio of the total weight of the solid content of the modified starch, the aliphatic high molecular alcohol and the additive to the pure water is 1:1.8 to 4.0. The method for producing a raw plastic material according to claim 14, wherein the modified starch aqueous solution forming step comprises: dissolving the predetermined amount in a mixing tank having temperature and rotation speed control at a temperature ranging from 30 ° C to 100 ° C; The modified starch is in a predetermined amount of pure water to form an aqueous solution of modified starch. The method for producing a raw plastic material according to claim 14, wherein the modified starch blend forming step is included in a mixing tank having temperature and rotation speed control and mixing at a temperature ranging from 30 ° C to 100 ° C. A predetermined amount of the additive is added to the modified starch aqueous solution to form a modified starch blend. The method for producing a raw plastic material according to claim 14, wherein the final blend forming step is included in a mixing tank having temperature and speed control, and mixing a predetermined amount in a temperature range of 30 ° C to 100 ° C. The aliphatic polymeric alcohol is in the modified starch blend to form a final blend solution. The method for producing a raw plastic material according to claim 14, wherein the drying step of the final blend is performed in a temperature-controlled apparatus to dry the final blend at a temperature ranging from 40 ° C to 235 ° C. The solution is formed to form a green plastic material. The method for producing a raw plastic material according to claim 21, wherein the final blend is dried by hot air drying, spray drying, vacuum drying or the like. A method of producing a raw plastic material according to claim 21, The drying step of the final blend further comprises comminuting or grinding the dried final blend to form a green plastic material. A raw material of a raw material, which is produced by a method for producing a raw plastic material according to any one of claims 13 to 23. A composite plastic material comprising the raw plastic material according to any one of claims 1 to 12; and a polymer plastic material. The composite plastic material according to claim 25, wherein the polymer plastic material is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (polypropylene, PP) ), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polystyrene (PS), thermoplastic rubber (TPR), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poly-p-phenylene Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) or polycarbonate (polycarbonate).