TW201350164A - A mobile X-ray unit - Google Patents
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本發明係有關於一種移動式X光單元包括:一基座、一桅杆及一鉸接可位移式臂機械地耦接至桅杆且支撐具有一X光管之一X光裝療器。 The invention relates to a mobile X-ray unit comprising: a base, a mast and a hinged displaceable arm mechanically coupled to the mast and supporting an X-ray device with an X-ray tube.
本發明更有關於一種製造移動式X光單元之方法。 The invention further relates to a method of making a mobile X-ray unit.
皮膚癌在20世紀的近10年來發病率有增加的驅勢,專業醫療人員在早期診斷、物資(logistics)及提供適當治療方面需投入大量的精神。然而,值得欣慰的是每年超過130萬種新的皮膚癌被確診,且以每年約5%的速度增加。在沒有皮膚保護的情況下增加在太陽下曝曬的機會及臭氧層的減少是最主要的原因-估計每年將耗資超過10億歐元在此項疾病的醫療費用上。超過80%的皮膚癌是發生在頭部及頸部區域,且50%是發生在超過60歲的患者身上。相較於現在的人口統計資料,預計到2025年時老年人口將會是現今的兩倍。 The incidence of skin cancer has increased in the past 10 years in the 20th century, and professional medical personnel need to invest a lot of spirit in early diagnosis, logistics and providing appropriate treatment. However, it is gratifying that more than 1.3 million new skin cancers are diagnosed each year and increase at a rate of about 5% per year. Increasing exposure to the sun and reduction of the ozone layer without skin protection is the main reason - it is estimated that more than 1 billion euros will be spent each year on the medical costs of the disease. More than 80% of skin cancers occur in the head and neck areas, and 50% occur in patients over 60 years of age. Compared to current demographics, it is expected that by 2025 the elderly population will be twice as large as today.
實質上為表面病變(superficial lesions)之非增生性癌(non proliferated cancer)可以以不同的方式治療。首先,可考慮手術。然而,然而缺點在於等待時間安排很長且術後治療複雜,而且於術後創傷可能造成感染的風險亦高。其次,可考慮用軟X光(soft X-ray)電子照射。此種方式具有非侵入性之優點,其每一處理療程可短至2或3分鐘,值得高興的是通常用於放射治療技術作為整理治療時是包括一定數量之療程。 Non proliferated cancer, which is essentially superficial lesions, can be treated in different ways. First, surgery can be considered. However, the disadvantage is that the waiting time is long and the postoperative treatment is complicated, and the risk of infection may be high after the postoperative trauma. Second, soft X-ray electron irradiation can be considered. This approach has the advantage of being non-invasive, with each treatment being as short as 2 or 3 minutes, and it is gratifying that the radiation therapy technique typically includes a certain number of treatments as a finishing treatment.
因此,越多越多的皮膚癌發病率及老年人口部份在人口統計整體中比例的增加,對癌症治療處理物資上構成實質上的挑戰。 Therefore, the more the incidence of skin cancer and the increase in the proportion of the elderly population in the overall demographics, pose a substantial challenge to cancer treatment and treatment materials.
近年來,通常建議使用可攜式X光單元,其可用於醫 院之放射治療部門。此類的可攜式單元的實施例如專利號5,425,069中所述。此已知的單元包括配重式鉸接X光管支撐臂,以允許所連接之X光管在空間的定位而無需移動支撐載具。此鉸接臂設置是配置成可沿著固接於支撐載具上之桅杆滑動。此習知鉸接X光管臂包括複數個樞接支撐附件,使X光管大致水平於支撐載具之地面而做平面式移動。 In recent years, it is generally recommended to use a portable X-ray unit, which can be used for medical purposes. Radiation Therapy Department of the hospital. An implementation of such a portable unit is described, for example, in Patent No. 5,425,069. This known unit includes a counterweight articulated X-ray tube support arm to allow for the positioning of the connected X-ray tube in space without the need to move the support carrier. The articulating arm arrangement is configured to slide along a mast that is secured to the support carrier. The conventional articulated X-ray tube arm includes a plurality of pivotal support attachments that allow the X-ray tube to move planarly approximately horizontally to the ground supporting the carrier.
此習知之X光管的缺點在於此類裝置過大且僅能在空間中支撐有限之X光管的方向,此有限之方向不足以適當的將X光射束相對於病患皮膚的腫瘤進行對準。 A disadvantage of this conventional X-ray tube is that such a device is too large and can only support the direction of a limited X-ray tube in space, which is insufficient to properly align the X-ray beam with respect to the tumor of the patient's skin. quasi.
有鑑於此,本發明之目的在於提供實質堅固之移動式X光單元具有改進之X光裝療器的操控性。 In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a substantially robust mobile X-ray unit with improved handling of an X-ray applicator.
基於此,依據本發明一實施例之移動式X光單元,包括一桅杆與一基座相配合,以及一鉸接臂,鉸接臂機械地耦接至桅杆且支撐具有X光管之X光裝療器,桅杆相對於基座可沿大致直立之軸向位移,鉸接臂包括一球形接頭於一端部以及一旋轉接頭於另一端部。 In this regard, a mobile X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the invention includes a mast coupled to a base and an articulating arm mechanically coupled to the mast and supporting X-ray treatment with X-ray tube The mast is displaceable in a generally upright axial direction relative to the base, the articulating arm including a ball joint at one end and a swivel joint at the other end.
在本文中所用之”移動式(mobile)”及”可攜式(portable)”是可互換的,且其意義等同於一可輕易移動或運輸之裝置,舉例來說,可由單一個人所移動或運輸之裝置。 As used herein, "mobile" and "portable" are interchangeable and are equivalent to a device that can be easily moved or transported, for example, by a single individual or Transport device.
更好的是,鉸接臂可提供旋轉接頭及球形接頭於端部 或接近端部。熟悉此技藝人士可於製造步驟中,依需求選擇接點位置。 More preferably, the articulated arm provides a swivel joint and a ball joint at the end Or close to the end. Those skilled in the art can select the location of the contacts as needed during the manufacturing steps.
較佳地,大致直立之軸向是延伸於大致上垂直之方向,一般來說是朝向上的,然而,”朝向上”或”大致上垂直”等詞是相對於一大致上垂直於(正負20度)一表面之平面而言,移動式X光單元設置於此平面上。 Preferably, the substantially upright axis extends in a generally vertical direction, generally upwardly, however, the words "upward" or "substantially perpendicular" are substantially perpendicular to (positive and negative) 20 degrees) In terms of the plane of a surface, the mobile X-ray unit is placed on this plane.
另藉由桅杆移動式X光裝置可沿著實質直立之軸向移動;藉由鉸接臂實質上地自由度,X光裝療器幾乎可固定於任何位置。較佳地,X光裝療器設於較佳對準位置,如有較多可能性被使用的位置。然而,旋轉鉸接臂包括兩接點實質強壯以支撐X光管移動相對於直立方向之任何角度。 In addition, the movable X-ray device can be moved along the substantially upright axis; the X-ray device can be fixed at almost any position by the substantially freedom of the articulated arm. Preferably, the X-ray applicator is placed in a preferred alignment position, such as where there are more possibilities to use. However, rotating the articulating arm includes the two joints being substantially strong to support any angle of movement of the X-ray tube relative to the upright direction.
於本發明一實施例之移動式X光裝置中,鉸接臂藉由一旋轉接頭固接於桅杆且藉由一球形接頭固接於X光裝療器。 In the mobile X-ray device according to an embodiment of the invention, the hinge arm is fixed to the mast by a rotary joint and fixed to the X-ray device by a ball joint.
此設置具有改善X光裝療器定位穩定度及控制能力的優點。 This setting has the advantage of improving the positioning stability and control ability of the X-ray treatment device.
依據本發明之移動式X光單元另一優點為X光裝療器可儲存於小型(不具突出部)儲存裝置位置,其中鉸接臂應用旋轉接頭折彎面對桅杆,更多細節部分將於第1及1b圖中說明。 Another advantage of the mobile X-ray unit according to the present invention is that the X-ray device can be stored in a small (non-protruding) storage device position, wherein the articulated arm is bent by the rotary joint to face the mast, and more details will be 1 and 1b are illustrated.
於適當球形接頭的摩擦力可最佳設置以容易操作及機械穩定,因為總重量約3-4公斤,熟悉此技藝人士可藉此優點進一步應用。於一特定實施例中,球形接頭當X光裝 療器進行治療時,提供特定煞車單元以固定於耦接位置。 此功能有利於X光裝療器相對於垂直方向大於45度的運用。然而,雖然本發明X光單元允許此定位,但較佳地藉由鉸接臂相對於桅杆旋轉結合彼此區段的設置大於45度的X光裝療器的位置並不一定需要,因為當目標區域為水平時,病人可位於X光單元下方。 The friction of the appropriate ball joint can be optimally set for ease of handling and mechanical stability since the total weight is about 3-4 kilograms, and those skilled in the art can further apply this advantage. In a particular embodiment, the ball joint is when X-ray is mounted When the treatment is performed, a specific brake unit is provided to be fixed to the coupling position. This feature facilitates the use of an X-ray applicator greater than 45 degrees in the vertical direction. However, although the X-ray unit of the present invention allows for this positioning, it is preferred that the position of the X-ray applicator that is more than 45 degrees apart by the rotation of the articulated arm relative to the mast is not necessarily required because of the target area When level, the patient can be located below the X-ray unit.
為改善X光裝療器操控性,桅杆設置與滑動載具合作以設置於向上或/及向下的方向。 To improve the handling of the X-ray device, the mast settings cooperate with the sliding carrier to be placed in an upward or/and downward direction.
可發現較佳的為提供滑動載具以使桅杆相對於X光單元的基座順暢移動。此滑動載具設置當接近極端位置時,減少桅杆速度。例如回彈體如彈簧或緩衝物用於緩衝桅杆速度。此功能益於當非預期的機械震波發生導致X光裝療器及/或X光管光路不準時,以避免或減輕。更較佳地,本發明之X光單元更包括平衡配重予桅杆,其包括一至多個時間彈簧。此種配置發現當桅杆移動至最上部時,有益於改善X光單元之機械穩定度。於此並不細部解釋時間彈簧機制。 It may be found that it is preferred to provide a sliding carrier to smoothly move the mast relative to the base of the X-ray unit. This sliding carrier setting reduces the mast speed when approaching extreme positions. For example, a rebound body such as a spring or a cushion is used to buffer the mast speed. This function is beneficial to avoid or reduce when the unintended mechanical shock wave causes the X-ray device and/or X-ray tube to be inaccurate. More preferably, the X-ray unit of the present invention further comprises a balance weight to the mast, which includes one or more time springs. This configuration finds that when the mast is moved to the uppermost position, it is beneficial to improve the mechanical stability of the X-ray unit. The time spring mechanism is not explained in detail here.
於本發明X光單元之進一步實施例中,第一及/或第二接頭具有對應感測器以偵測接頭位置是否到位。 In a further embodiment of the X-ray unit of the present invention, the first and/or second connector has a corresponding sensor to detect if the joint position is in place.
可以發現,較佳地第一及/或第二接頭具有感測器紀錄位置。如此設置當病人需要多個重複放射治療時,益於重複治療用途。為增加安裝X光管使用效率,紀錄的接頭位置可用以複製至少用於粗調。較佳地,可使用固定底座於此設置。可選擇地,底座具有預設位置以讓移動至放射位 置。 It can be found that preferably the first and/or second joint has a sensor recording position. This setting is beneficial to repeated therapeutic uses when the patient requires multiple repetitive radiation treatments. To increase the efficiency of the X-ray installation, the recorded joint position can be used to replicate at least for coarse adjustment. Preferably, a fixed base can be used for this setting. Optionally, the base has a preset position for moving to a radio position Set.
依據本發明之X光單元可包括一處理器以控制X光單元的操作,包括設置X光管,其中感測器用於溝通偵測位置至控制處理器。處理器進一步設置於處理過程中,用以儲存接頭位置至病人檔案,以供下次一的療程使用。 An X-ray unit in accordance with the present invention can include a processor to control operation of the X-ray unit, including setting an X-ray tube, wherein the sensor is configured to communicate the detected position to the control processor. The processor is further disposed during processing to store the connector location to the patient file for use in the next session of therapy.
依據本發明一實施例之X光裝療器,其中X光裝療器沿著垂直方向以一預定軸向對準進行平衡配重。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, an X-ray applicator wherein the X-ray applicator is aligned in a predetermined axial direction in a vertical direction to balance the weight.
可發現X光管可沿著垂直或小差異(小於20度)方向頻繁使用。此外,較佳地提供平衡配重機構設置,包括兩段式鉸接臂以使無徑向力施加於桅杆。此設置較佳地近一步改善X光單元之機構穩定度。此外,X光單元在拉出X光裝療器時,可安全操控。 X-ray tubes can be found to be frequently used in vertical or small differences (less than 20 degrees). In addition, a balanced weight mechanism arrangement is preferably provided, including a two-piece articulated arm to impart no radial force to the mast. This setting preferably further improves the mechanical stability of the X-ray unit. In addition, the X-ray unit can be safely operated when the X-ray device is pulled out.
依據本發明一實施例之X光單元,X光裝療器接近遠端部部分接至鉸接臂一段,發現此設置關於X光裝療器及鉸接臂之內部連結,可改善X光裝療器之角度操控。較佳地,X光裝療器包括一視窗用以於其近端部份發出X光射束。 According to an X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, the X-ray treatment device is connected to a section of the hinged arm near the distal end portion, and the connection is found to be related to the internal connection of the X-ray treatment device and the articulated arm, and the X-ray treatment device can be improved. Angle manipulation. Preferably, the X-ray applicator includes a window for emitting an X-ray beam at a proximal portion thereof.
依據本發明之態樣,提供一種製造移動式X光單元之方法,移動式X光單元包括:一基座、一桅杆與基座相配合、一鉸接可位移式臂機械地耦接至桅杆且支撐具有一X光管之一X光裝療器,包括以下步驟:以可位移的方式於一朝向上的方向上設置桅杆相對於基座;提供鉸接臂之一端部具有一球形接頭且於另一端部具 有一旋轉接頭;以及耦接X光裝療器至鉸接臂。 According to an aspect of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a mobile X-ray unit is provided. The mobile X-ray unit includes: a base, a mast coupled to the base, and a hinged displaceable arm mechanically coupled to the mast and Supporting an X-ray treatment device having an X-ray tube, comprising the steps of: disposably displacing the mast relative to the base in an upward direction; providing one end of the hinged arm having a ball joint and another One end a rotary joint; and coupling the X-ray device to the articulated arm.
依據本發明另一實施例之態樣,一移動式醫療保健單元(medical care unit)可被提供,例如一床(bed)、一椅子(chair)、一臺車(trolley)、一推車(cart)、一船(galley)或一治療處理單元,包括三、四或更多的輪子,其中,至少部份輪子由一彈性框架而互連,藉以允許當接觸到一地表面時自動調整輪子的高度。 According to another aspect of the present invention, a medical care unit can be provided, such as a bed, a chair, a trolley, a cart ( Cart), a galley or a treatment unit comprising three, four or more wheels, wherein at least some of the wheels are interconnected by a resilient frame to allow automatic adjustment of the wheel when in contact with a ground surface the height of.
舉例來說,上述框架可包括一或多個分支架(branch),共同或獨自操作。此一或多個分支架可具有一軟區域(weak region),使得當移動於地面時,由於移動式醫療保健單元的重量,分支架可產生變形。 For example, the above framework may include one or more sub-branch, operating together or alone. The one or more sub-brackets can have a weak region such that when moved to the ground, the sub-bracket can be deformed due to the weight of the mobile healthcare unit.
更詳細地說,上述框架可包括彈性區域,適於在移動式X光單元的重量作用下具彈性及/或可彎曲。在一特殊之移動式醫療保健單元實施例中,彈性框架可包括一或多個分支架,一個或每一個可從一或多個段部建構出且連接有一彈簧。 In more detail, the frame may include an elastic region adapted to be elastic and/or bendable under the weight of the mobile X-ray unit. In a particular mobile health care unit embodiment, the resilient frame can include one or more sub-brackets, one or each of which can be constructed from one or more segments and coupled to a spring.
可以發現,此彈性框架當移動式醫療保健單元移動於不平整的地面,或地面具有凹凸不平如顛簸(bump)時,具有特殊的好處。 It can be found that this elastic frame has special advantages when the mobile healthcare unit moves on uneven ground, or when the ground has bumps such as bumps.
還有許多其它的應用,其為所希望的,上述之移動式醫療保健單元不需要改變其空間方位,即使當移動於不規則之表面上時。舉例來說,實驗室托盤(laboratory tray)、床、特別是新生兒床(neonatal bed)、食物供應托 盤(food supply tray)等等,是特別需要當移動時大致上保持不變之方位。 There are many other applications which are desirable in that the mobile health care unit described above does not need to change its spatial orientation even when moving over an irregular surface. For example, laboratory trays, beds, especially neonatal beds, food supplies A food supply tray or the like is a position that is particularly required to remain substantially unchanged when moved.
更特別的是,依據前述之本發明之移動式X光單元,其優點在於當基座提供有輪子時,其是由彈性框架所支撐。在應用之一特殊態樣中,移動式X光裝置為一移動式診所(mobile clinic),也就是當移動式X光裝置提供有一車體(vehicle),且需於不同治療位置移動時。在特殊環境之情況下需進行治療,甚至是在露天的情況下。藉由提供對不規則表面具自我調適功能(self-adaptation)之移動式X光單元,X光裝療器的調整可以大致相同的方式進行,如同在醫生的辦公室內一樣。另外,當停放時,為確保X光裝療器可位於一大致上相同的方位,醫生在定位X光裝療器以治療時需經過一大致上相同的定位流程(positioning routine)。據此,由於較複雜X光裝療器之三維處理,人為失誤可以被避免。 More particularly, the mobile X-ray unit according to the invention described above has the advantage that when the base is provided with wheels, it is supported by an elastic frame. In one particular aspect of the application, the mobile X-ray device is a mobile clinic, that is, when the mobile X-ray device is provided with a vehicle and needs to be moved at different treatment locations. In the case of special circumstances, treatment is required, even in the open air. By providing a mobile X-ray unit with self-adaptation to the irregular surface, the adjustment of the X-ray device can be performed in much the same way as in a doctor's office. In addition, when parked, to ensure that the X-ray device can be positioned in a substantially identical orientation, the physician is required to go through a substantially identical positioning routine when positioning the X-ray device for treatment. Accordingly, human error can be avoided due to the three-dimensional processing of the more complex X-ray treatment device.
為使本發明之上述目的、特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉較佳實施例並配合所附圖式做詳細說明,然其僅用以例示說明而已,並非用以限定本發明的範圍。 The above described objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the embodiments of the invention. range.
本發明具體之實施例揭示之形態內容將配合圖示加以詳細說明。 The details disclosed in the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with the drawings.
第1a圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之移動式X光單元的示意圖。移動式X光單元(mobile X-ray unit)10包括 一基座(base)2,其包括至少一電源供應單元、一冷卻系統以及一控制單元用以控制一X光裝療器(X-ray applicator)4的操作,其包括一X光管容置於一外殼體中。X光裝療器4利用軟性纜線(flexible cable)3電性連接基座中之控制器,且可至少部份地容納於一可位移式桅杆(displaceable mast)5中。裝療器4由一鉸接可位移式臂(articulated displaceable arm)4a所支撐,其可包括一旋轉接頭(rotatable joint)6a以連接至桅杆5。鉸接可臂4可包括一球形接頭(ball joint)6b以連接至裝療器4,藉以改便X光裝療器在空間中之角度。 Figure 1a is a schematic diagram showing a mobile X-ray unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Mobile X-ray unit 10 includes a base 2 comprising at least one power supply unit, a cooling system and a control unit for controlling the operation of an X-ray applicator 4, including an X-ray tube housing In an outer casing. The X-ray device 4 is electrically connected to the controller in the base by a flexible cable 3 and can be at least partially housed in a displaceable mast 5. The heat treatment device 4 is supported by an articulated displaceable arm 4a, which may include a rotatable joint 6a for connection to the mast 5. The articulating arm 4 can include a ball joint 6b for attachment to the tamper 4 to thereby change the angle of the X-ray applicator in space.
因為鉸接臂也是機械地連接於桅杆5上,裝療器4垂直範圍位置定位得以達成,較佳地,桅杆5提供一把手(未顯示)以容易操縱。桅杆5可利用一滑動載具(slidable carriage)18導引在適當的軌條(rail)上移動,藉以在位移時實質上為平順(smooth)且無撞擊(shock-free)的。 Since the articulated arm is also mechanically coupled to the mast 5, the vertical range position of the applicator 4 is achieved. Preferably, the mast 5 provides a handle (not shown) for easy handling. The mast 5 can be guided to move over a suitable rail using a sliding carriage 18 so as to be substantially smooth and shock-free when displaced.
更好的是,基座2提供有額外之功能,如一顯示器(圖上未顯示)用以回饋(feeding-back)合適之使用者訊息。此顯示器可配置有觸控螢幕(touch-sensitive screen),用以對系統輸入適當之數據資料。舉例來說,滑動載具可進一步於其到達極致位置(extreme positions)時,可用於減少桅杆5的速度。舉例來說,彈性體如彈簧或是緩衝物,可提供適度之桅杆的速度。此特徵有利於可避免非預期機械振動導致X光裝療器及/或X光管偏離。更佳地,本發明之X光單元進一步包括一平衡配重(未顯示)予桅杆5,可 包括一至多個時間彈簧(clock spring)。如此配置發現有利於改善當桅杆5移動至形成上端位置時,X光單元機械穩定度。時間彈簧為已知機制並不於本文細部解釋。 More preferably, the cradle 2 provides additional functionality, such as a display (not shown) for feeding-backing appropriate user messages. The display can be configured with a touch-sensitive screen to input appropriate data to the system. For example, the sliding carrier can be used to reduce the speed of the mast 5 as it reaches the extreme positions. For example, elastomers such as springs or cushions provide a moderate speed of the mast. This feature facilitates avoiding unintended mechanical vibrations causing the x-ray applicator and/or X-ray tube to deviate. More preferably, the X-ray unit of the present invention further comprises a balance weight (not shown) to the mast 5, Includes one or more clock springs. Such a configuration is found to be advantageous for improving the mechanical stability of the X-ray unit when the mast 5 is moved to form the upper end position. The time spring is a known mechanism and is not explained in detail in this article.
基座2可提供三至多個輪子以移動X光單元至不同位置。輪子使用適當的軸承固定以讓X光單元的設置僅須單人。較佳地,輪子藉由可變形框架而互連,藉以確保所有的輪子可與其下方的表面相接觸,例如地板或地面,即使當上述表面不是非常平坦時。 The base 2 can provide three to more wheels to move the X-ray unit to different positions. The wheels are fixed with appropriate bearings to allow the X-ray unit to be set up in a single unit. Preferably, the wheels are interconnected by a deformable frame to ensure that all of the wheels are in contact with the underlying surface, such as the floor or floor, even when the surface is not very flat.
第1b圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之X光單元之具可位移功能裝療器之示意圖。依據本發明之一態樣,移動式X光單元的機構被開發且作成可支撐X光裝療器4以具有較大的移動及轉動位移範圍。 Fig. 1b is a schematic view showing a displaceable function medical device of an X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the mechanism of the mobile X-ray unit is developed and constructed to support the X-ray applicator 4 to have a greater range of movement and rotational displacement.
元件符號11之所指係顯示X光裝療器位於停駐位置(parked position)之示意實施方式,其中未顯示第1圖中之軟性纜線3。在此位置時,可適於旋轉鉸接臂相對於桅杆5,可發現其有利於提供桅杆5有彎曲本體,其彎曲朝向X光裝療器裝設位置(mounting position)5a,且具有足夠曲型長度支撐X光裝療器於停駐位置。較佳地,停駐位置為X光裝療器並未側向突出於桅杆5本體上方。 The reference to the symbol 11 indicates a schematic embodiment in which the X-ray device is in a parked position, in which the flexible cable 3 in Figure 1 is not shown. In this position, it can be adapted to rotate the articulated arm relative to the mast 5, which can be found to facilitate providing the mast 5 with a curved body that is curved towards the X-ray mount mounting position 5a and has sufficient curvature. The length supports the X-ray treatment device in the parked position. Preferably, the parking position is that the X-ray applicator does not protrude laterally above the body of the mast 5.
此停駐位置適於傳遞移動式X光單元朝向一房間(booth)及/或具機動性地在患者附近。為了將X光裝療器盡可能地縮回靠近基座2,鉸接可位移式臂4a在桅杆5的外部(outer portion)5a下藉由旋轉接頭6a是可彎曲的,其中球形接頭6b亦可用於進一步定位。然而桅杆5可設計 具曲度以使X光裝療器4的停駐只需單一滑動移動(single sweeping movement)。熟悉此技藝人士可知道桅杆5之幾何形狀與X光裝療器4的絕對維度及鉸接可位移式臂4a長度有關。為了確保移動式X光單元在其機動時的穩定度,一靠近地板的加載塊(load block)2a被提供在基板2以降低整體結構之重力點的絕對位置。 This parking position is adapted to convey the mobile X-ray unit towards a room and/or to be mobile near the patient. In order to retract the X-ray applicator as close as possible to the base 2, the hinged displaceable arm 4a is bendable under the outer portion 5a of the mast 5 by means of the swivel joint 6a, wherein the ball joint 6b can also be used For further positioning. However, the mast 5 can be designed The curvature is such that the dwelling of the X-ray applicator 4 requires only a single sweeping movement. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the geometry of the mast 5 is related to the absolute dimensions of the X-ray applicator 4 and the length of the hinged displaceable arm 4a. In order to ensure the stability of the mobile X-ray unit during its maneuvering, a load block 2a close to the floor is provided on the substrate 2 to lower the absolute position of the gravity point of the overall structure.
元件符號12所指係顯示X光應用4位於其中一工作位置(working position)之示意實施方式,其具有一X光裝療器4之X光出口表面(x-ray exit surface)8朝向患者(patient)P。依據本發明,X光裝療器4以簡單可靠方式控制,其中球形接頭6b被使用以維持X光裝療器4至需要位置。 Reference numeral 12 denotes a schematic embodiment in which the X-ray application 4 is located in one of the working positions, having an x-ray exit surface 8 of the X-ray device 4 facing the patient ( Patient)P. In accordance with the present invention, the X-ray applicator 4 is controlled in a simple and reliable manner, with a ball joint 6b being used to maintain the X-ray applicator 4 to the desired position.
為適當相對於病人P定位X光裝療器4,桅杆5可移至特定停止位置位於預定低點及預定高點間。鉸接臂4a可用以適當旋轉X光裝療器定位。較佳地,首先旋轉接頭6a用於粗調定位鉸接臂4a,之後接頭6b用於旋轉軸放置X光裝療器。旋轉軸(rotation axis)R較佳地選擇與X光束射出方向一致由出口表面8至垂直方向X光裝療器4。因為X光裝療器較佳固定於遠端部份(distal portion)4’之段部(segment)4d,依旋轉軸R而旋轉則可簡化。位於旋轉軸R及X光管的軸之間的角度(angle)α可自動被記錄。基於此目的,接頭6a、6b可提供於適當的感測器自動偵測接頭位置。 To properly position the X-ray applicator 4 relative to the patient P, the mast 5 can be moved to a particular stop position between a predetermined low point and a predetermined high point. The articulated arm 4a can be positioned with a suitably rotating X-ray applicator. Preferably, the rotary joint 6a is first used to coarsely position the articulated arm 4a, and then the joint 6b is used to rotate the shaft to place the X-ray applicator. The rotation axis R is preferably selected to coincide with the X-ray exit direction from the exit surface 8 to the vertical X-ray applicator 4. Since the X-ray applicator is preferably fixed to the segment 4d of the distal portion 4', rotation according to the rotation axis R can be simplified. An angle α between the axis of rotation R and the axis of the X-ray tube can be automatically recorded. For this purpose, the connectors 6a, 6b can be provided with appropriate sensors to automatically detect the joint position.
元件符號13所指係顯示X光裝療器4位於最低位置之 示意實施方式,基於此目的,可位移式桅杆5可位於其最低位置且鉸接可位移式臂4a可以所需方式面向X光裝療器。為避免於定位桅杆5於最低位置時之機械震動,滑動載具引導桅杆5的位移可提供用於緩衝目的之彈性裝置。亦可以利用驅動馬達自動驅動桅杆5之位移。X光單元之處理器可設置以自動減少移動速度,當其移動路徑接近於末端位置時。 The symbol 13 indicates that the X-ray device 4 is at the lowest position. Illustrating an embodiment, for this purpose, the displaceable mast 5 can be at its lowest position and the articulated displaceable arm 4a can face the X-ray applicator in a desired manner. To avoid mechanical shock when positioning the mast 5 in the lowest position, the displacement of the sliding carrier guide mast 5 provides an elastic means for cushioning purposes. It is also possible to automatically drive the displacement of the mast 5 by means of a drive motor. The processor of the X-ray unit can be set to automatically reduce the speed of movement when its path of movement is close to the end position.
較佳地,於一特定實施例中,鉸接臂4a包括單一段部,亦可能為鉸接臂4a具有兩至多個段部以對應之樞接點連接。 Preferably, in a particular embodiment, the hinged arm 4a comprises a single section, and the hinged arm 4a may have two or more sections connected to the corresponding pivot point.
移動式X光單元的基座2可由適當輪子藉由一框架支撐,較佳地,輪子藉由可變形框架互相連接以於接觸地面時,如地板能同時接觸於同一平面,即使表面不完全平整。 The base 2 of the mobile X-ray unit can be supported by a frame by a suitable wheel. Preferably, the wheels are connected to each other by a deformable frame to contact the ground, such as the floor can simultaneously contact the same plane, even if the surface is not completely flat. .
舉例而言,框架包括一至多個分支架合作或獨立運作以支撐基板之輪子,分支架具有變形能力以使移動式X光單元的重量施加於支架時,能使所有的輪子能與地板接觸。 For example, the frame includes one or more sub-brackets that cooperate or independently operate to support the wheels of the substrate, and the sub-brackets are deformable to enable the weight of the mobile X-ray unit to be applied to the bracket to enable all of the wheels to contact the floor.
於一特別實施例中,框架可包括彈性區域適於在移動式X光單元的重量作用下具彈性及/或可彎曲。彈簧或是其他彈性元件如橡膠可應用以實現框架之彈性區域。具有彈性框架之醫療單元之後將配合圖式第5~7圖作說明。 In a particular embodiment, the frame can include an elastic region adapted to be resilient and/or bendable under the weight of the mobile X-ray unit. Springs or other resilient elements such as rubber can be applied to achieve the elastic regions of the frame. The medical unit with the elastic frame will be described later with reference to Figures 5-7.
第2圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之移動式X光單元之架構示意圖。依據本發明之移動式X光單元包括一高壓供應器(high voltage supply),更好的是,適於在一合適之X光管(X-ray tube)產生50~75KV的X光,一冷卻系統 用以冷卻X光管,以及一控制系統用以在使用時控制X光單元之次單元(sub-unit)的電子(electronic)和電性參數(electric parameter)。元件符號20所指係顯示控制單元(control system)21和X光裝療器(X-ray applicator)22的主要單元。 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of a mobile X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The mobile X-ray unit according to the present invention comprises a high voltage supply, and more preferably, is adapted to generate 50-75 KV X-rays in a suitable X-ray tube, a cooling system Used to cool the X-ray tube, and a control system to control the electronic and electrical parameters of the sub-unit of the X-ray unit during use. The component symbol 20 refers to the main unit of the control system 21 and the X-ray applicator 22.
控制單元21更好的是包括一硬接線(hard wired)之使用者介面(user interface)21a,用以切換高壓供應器(high voltage supply)21b的開和關。更好的是,高壓供應器21b包括一高壓產生器(high voltage generator)21c具有改良之緩升(ramp-up)和緩降(ramp-down)特性。更佳的是,緩升時間(ramp-up time)約為100ms。硬接線使用者介面21a可配置成當高壓產生器開啟時,可自動啟動冷卻系統(cooling system)21d。另外,控制系統21可包括一主要控制器(primary controller)21e,配置以控制X光裝療器使用時之劑量配給(dose delivery)。此主要控制器21e可提供有一主計算器(primary counter)在X光照射初始化後用以將已登錄資料刪除。此主計算器可在達到既定之劑量後自動關閉至X光管之高壓供應器。更好的是,既定之劑量是至少視產生X光的能量及劑量速率而定。其中,上述情況可事先校準,盡可能地提供對應之校準數據,使得主要控制器之主要劑量配給控制可被達成。更好的是,一次要控制器(secondary controller)21f提供用以啟動劑量配給控制之一獨立迴路,次要控制器21f可連接至一劑量表(dose meter)容納於X光裝療器中,在準直儀 (collimator)之前X光範圍內。據此,劑量表可對應實際劑量配給,考慮到在高壓源緩升(ramp up)及緩降(ramp down)期間劑量的變化,而提供即時數據。同樣更好的是,控制系統可更包括一安全控制器(safety controller)21g,適於從主要控制器21e比對讀取數據,及次要控制器21f在所欲劑量配給之後關閉高壓產生器(high voltage generator)21c。另外,或者說,安全控制器21g可連接至一緊急停機系統(emergency stop)、門鎖裝置(door interlock)及產生器鎖定裝置(generator interlock) The control unit 21 preferably includes a hard wired user interface 21a for switching the opening and closing of the high voltage supply 21b. More preferably, the high voltage supply 21b includes a high voltage generator 21c having improved ramp-up and ramp-down characteristics. More preferably, the ramp-up time is approximately 100 ms. The hardwired user interface 21a can be configured to automatically activate a cooling system 21d when the high voltage generator is turned on. Additionally, control system 21 can include a primary controller 21e configured to control dose delivery when the X-ray device is in use. The primary controller 21e can provide a primary counter to delete the logged-in data after the X-ray illumination is initialized. This master calculator automatically shuts down the high pressure supply to the X-ray tube after reaching the established dose. More preferably, the established dose is at least dependent on the energy and dose rate at which X-rays are produced. Wherein, the above situation can be calibrated in advance, and corresponding calibration data is provided as much as possible, so that the main dose distribution control of the main controller can be achieved. More preferably, the secondary controller 21f provides an independent loop for initiating dose dispensing control, and the secondary controller 21f can be coupled to a dose meter for accommodation in the X-ray device. In the collimator (collimator) before the X-ray range. Accordingly, the dose meter can be assigned to the actual dose, providing immediate data in view of changes in the dose during ramp up and ramp down of the high pressure source. Also preferably, the control system may further include a safety controller 21g adapted to read data from the primary controller 21e, and the secondary controller 21f to close the high voltage generator after the desired dose is dispensed. (high voltage generator) 21c. In addition, or in addition, the safety controller 21g can be connected to an emergency stop, a door interlock, and a generator interlock.
X光裝療器22更好的是可包括下列特徵:一X光管(X-ray tube)22a,預先封裝於一外殼體(outer housing)22k中。依據本發明,X光管提供有撞擊靶-準直儀(target-collimator)之間距約4~10公分之距離,更好的是約5~6公分。X光裝療器可更包括一射束硬化濾器(beam hardening filter)22b被選擇以攔截低能量幅射(low-energy radiation)以及一射束平整濾器(beam flattening filter)22c設計以攔截部份之X光幅射,用以在靠近X光裝療器出口表面處產生大體上平坦之射束外型。更進一步,X光裝療器22可包括一或多個準直儀(collimator)配置以定義出處理射束幾何結構。更好的是,可使用一組準直儀,舉例來說,其有直徑1、1.5、2、2.5、3、3.5、4、4.5、5公分。更佳的是,在此雖考慮為圓形準直儀(circular collimator),但任何形式的準直儀如方形(square)、橢圓形(elliptic)或客製化(custom made)準直儀接可被使用。可以發現提供有自動準直偵測裝置(automatic collimator detection mean)22f之X光裝療器22的好處在於,適於對使用中之準直儀自動發出訊號。更好的是,使用電阻感測,其中,每一準直儀提供有至少一對突出物(projection)用以橋接提供於準直儀容室(collimator receptacle)中之電阻路徑。此容室所產生的電阻構成正在使用中之準直儀的訊號代表。X光裝療器22更好的是包括一內建溫度感測器(temperature sensor),適於發出X光管及/或其殼體的溫度訊號。從溫度感測器發出的訊號被控制系統所接收,其上裝載有分析系統,一旦所量測之溫度升高超出允許範圍時,即會產生一警報信號,可選擇地,亦可提供一高壓產生器之關閉信號。X光裝療器22更包括幅射感測器(radiation sensor)22h,配置於外殼體22k內側,用以偵測X光管所發出之實際X光幅射量。更好的是,基於安全因素,X光裝療器22可更包括一非暫存式數據儲存器(non-volatile data storage)22i,用以紀錄至少X光管之操作參數。更進一步,為了增強幅射之安全性,X光裝療器22可提供有一幅射指示器(radiation indicator)22j,以提供一視覺及/或一音頻輸出,讓使用者及/或患者知道X光管之開/關狀態。更佳的是,幅射指示器22j可包括複數個訊號發射裝置(distributed signaling means),更好的是,至少一個訊號裝置,舉例來說,為一個發光二極體(LED)電連接於X光裝療器22。更好的是,訊號裝置提供於X光裝療器22上。 The X-ray applicator 22 preferably includes the following features: an X-ray tube 22a pre-packaged in an outer housing 22k. In accordance with the present invention, the X-ray tube is provided with a distance of about 4 to 10 cm, more preferably about 5 to 6 cm, between the target-collimator. The X-ray treatment device may further include a beam hardening filter 22b selected to intercept low-energy radiation and a beam flattening filter 22c to intercept portions The X-ray radiation is used to produce a substantially flat beam profile near the exit surface of the X-ray applicator. Still further, the X-ray applicator 22 can include one or more collimator configurations to define the processing beam geometry. More preferably, a set of collimators can be used, for example, having diameters of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5 cm. More preferably, although a circular collimator is considered here, any form of collimator such as square, elliptic or custom (custom Made) The collimator can be used. It can be found that the X-ray treatment device 22 provided with the automatic collimator detection mean 22f has the advantage that it is suitable for automatically signaling the collimator in use. More preferably, resistance sensing is used wherein each collimator is provided with at least one pair of projections for bridging the resistive path provided in the collimator receptacle. The resistance generated by this chamber constitutes the signal representative of the collimator in use. The X-ray applicator 22 preferably includes a built-in temperature sensor adapted to emit temperature signals from the X-ray tube and/or its housing. The signal from the temperature sensor is received by the control system and loaded with an analysis system. Once the measured temperature rises beyond the allowable range, an alarm signal is generated, optionally, a high voltage is also provided. The shutdown signal of the generator. The X-ray device 22 further includes a radiation sensor 22h disposed inside the outer casing 22k for detecting the actual X-ray radiation emitted by the X-ray tube. More preferably, based on safety factors, the X-ray charge device 22 can further include a non-volatile data storage 22i for recording at least the operational parameters of the X-ray tube. Further, in order to enhance the safety of the radiation, the X-ray treatment device 22 can provide a radiation indicator 22j to provide a visual and/or an audio output for the user and/or patient to know X. The on/off state of the light pipe. More preferably, the radiation indicator 22j may comprise a plurality of distributed signaling means. More preferably, at least one of the signal means, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) is electrically connected to the X Light therapy device 22. More preferably, the signal device is provided on the X-ray device 22.
處理器(processor)21e可用於自動儲存接頭感測器之資料值供以後使用。此外,當桅杆5位置自動執行時,處理器21e自動控制驅動馬達,當桅杆5沿著位置移動路徑抵達端點位置時,避免產生機械震動。 A processor 21e can be used to automatically store the data values of the connector sensors for later use. Further, when the position of the mast 5 is automatically performed, the processor 21e automatically controls the drive motor to avoid mechanical shock when the mast 5 reaches the end position along the positional movement path.
第3圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之移動式X光單元之X光裝療器的示意圖,第3E-E圖係顯示一實施例之X光裝療器之縱向剖面示意圖,第3F-F圖係顯示如3E-E圖之實施例其顯示有陰極。X光管(X-ray tube)100具有本體(body)102,一端為封閉端,另一端為一端視窗(end window)104,透過此X光可穿出。端視窗係由鈹金屬板(thin sheet of Beryllium)所製作。提供有一裝療器蓋(applicator cap)106覆蓋端窗104以保護視窗部份免於損傷,以及保護免於金屬之毒性(toxic)影響,而裝療器蓋106較佳地由塑膠材料製成。 3 is a schematic view showing an X-ray device of a mobile X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3E-E is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an X-ray device of an embodiment, 3F- Figure F shows an embodiment as shown in Figure 3E-E which shows a cathode. The X-ray tube 100 has a body 102 with a closed end at one end and an end window 104 at the other end through which the X-ray can be passed through. The end window is made of thin sheet of Beryllium. An applicator cap 106 is provided to cover the end window 104 to protect the window portion from damage and to protect against metal toxic effects, and the applicator cover 106 is preferably made of a plastic material. .
在管本體102中,一撞擊靶(target)108位於距準直儀(collimator)130約4~10公分處,且更好的是位於距準直儀130約4~6公分處(見第3F-F圖),此距離是從撞擊靶108表面不與陽極總成(anode assembly)110接觸處至準直儀130之中間平面而量測計算。撞擊靶108是由鎢金屬(Tungsten metal)製作,以提供所需之X光光譜(X-ray spectrum)。撞擊靶108的鎢末端是裝設於一大的陽極總成(anode assembly)110上,其同樣提供作為在撞擊靶108中以傳導出因生成X光而產生的熱之功能。大多數的陽極總成是以銅製作。陰極(cathode)112是位於稍微偏軸靠近 端視窗,從陰極射出的電子被加速跨過陰極和陽極之間電位差的差距,在本例中設定為約70KV,如習知技術同,到達撞擊靶108,在此撞擊且使X光產生,從撞擊靶108射出的X光在經過準直儀130及經過在裝療器蓋106上的出口表面(exit surface)124之前,先經過一射束硬化濾器(beam hardening filter)122。準直儀130可被裝設於適合之準直儀容室(collimator receptacle)128上 In the tube body 102, a strike target 108 is located about 4 to 10 cm from the collimator 130, and more preferably about 4 to 6 cm from the collimator 130 (see 3F). -F map), this distance is calculated from the intermediate plane of the surface of the impact target 108 that is not in contact with the anode assembly 110 to the collimator 130. The impact target 108 is fabricated from Tungsten metal to provide the desired X-ray spectrum. The tungsten tip of the impact target 108 is mounted on a large anode assembly 110, which is also provided as a function in the impact target 108 to conduct heat generated by the generation of X-rays. Most anode assemblies are made of copper. The cathode 112 is located slightly off the axis In the end window, the electrons ejected from the cathode are accelerated across the difference in potential difference between the cathode and the anode, in this case set to about 70 KV, as in the prior art, reaching the impact target 108 where it strikes and causes X-rays to be generated. The X-rays emitted from the impact target 108 pass through a beam hardening filter 122 before passing through the collimator 130 and past the exit surface 124 on the medicated cap 106. The collimator 130 can be mounted on a suitable collimator receptacle 128
陽極總成110裝設於本體102中且其電性絕緣,數種已知技術及習知材料皆可用於提供所需之陽極和本體102之間之絕緣程度。 The anode assembly 110 is mounted in the body 102 and is electrically insulated. Several known techniques and conventional materials can be used to provide the desired degree of insulation between the anode and the body 102.
如同習知技術,X光的生成會產生大量的廢熱,因此,需要將管冷卻維持在一安全溫度以下。多種冷卻機構已為周知且可被使用。在本實施例中,X光管是由具有冷卻水強制圍繞著陽極區域之裝置而冷卻,冷卻水藉由導管(conduit)116而進入管的後面,且藉由第二導管(second conduit)118而離開。水冷卻迴路是封閉之迴圈迴路,具有遠端冷卻器(remote cooler,圖上未顯示)於水離開欲冷卻之管組合而在返回管之前。或者,油或其它流體亦可使用作為冷卻媒介。在一些應用中,亦可用壓縮氣體作為有效之冷卻劑。 As is known in the art, the generation of X-rays generates a large amount of waste heat, and therefore, it is necessary to maintain the tube cooling below a safe temperature. A variety of cooling mechanisms are known and can be used. In the present embodiment, the X-ray tube is cooled by means of forced cooling around the anode region with cooling water, the cooling water entering the back of the tube by conduit 116, and by a second conduit 118 And leave. The water cooling circuit is a closed loop circuit with a remote cooler (not shown) before the water leaves the tube to be cooled and before the return tube. Alternatively, oil or other fluids may be used as a cooling medium. In some applications, compressed gas can also be used as an effective coolant.
如同習知技術,X光被生成且朝所有方向射出,除了被管本體102遮蔽處及其它內部構件遮蔽處,藉以將從管本體幅射出的量減到最少,而使較多的幅射從端視窗射出。由管所提供之遮蔽的厚度是設計成至少提供了使用者 安全使用所需遮蔽之最低程度。 As in the prior art, X-rays are generated and emitted in all directions, except for the shelter of the tube body 102 and other internal component shields, thereby minimizing the amount of radiation from the tube body and making more radiation. Shoot from the end window. The thickness of the shield provided by the tube is designed to provide at least a user The minimum level of shading required for safe use.
高壓線路總成(high voltage cable assembly)120連接至陽極總成110。高壓線路總成連接至具彈性線路之裝置(flexible cable means,圖上未顯示),其依序連接至高壓電源供應器。 A high voltage cable assembly 120 is coupled to the anode assembly 110. The high voltage line assembly is connected to a flexible cable means (not shown) which is in turn connected to the high voltage power supply.
一幅射偵測器(radiation detector)114設置於X光射束從撞擊靶108射出至經過端視窗104之路徑的外側,此偵測器可以是任何已知之幅射偵測器。在本實施例中,是使用習知之適合之幅射硬化半導體(radiation hardened semi-conductor)連接至一放大器(amplifier)。當X光管102運作且射出X光能量時,幅射偵測器114開始偵測。偵測器的輸出連接至一控制單元,由此之輸出訊號可用以提供使用者一光學指示(optical indication),藉以確認X光管是否在操作中。藉此裝置可提供一X光偵測器,用以偵測X光管是啟動或關閉。 A radiation detector 114 is disposed outside the path of the X-ray beam exiting the impact target 108 to the end window 104. The detector can be any known radiation detector. In this embodiment, it is connected to an amplifier using a conventional radiation hardened semi-conductor. When the X-ray tube 102 is operating and emits X-ray energy, the radiation detector 114 begins to detect. The output of the detector is coupled to a control unit whereby the output signal can be used to provide an optical indication to the user to confirm that the X-ray tube is in operation. The device can provide an X-ray detector for detecting whether the X-ray tube is activated or deactivated.
進一步調校幅射偵測器114,其可以在療程期間管控到達患者之確定及計算X光劑量。藉此裝置可具有即時之劑量管控系統,藉此可確定管控精準之幅射劑量。一旦可確定劑量率(dose rate),療程時間之處理方案即可被調整。此優點在於可實現所欲管控之準確小心之X光劑量控制。 The radiation detector 114 is further calibrated to control the determination of the arrival of the patient and calculate the X-ray dose during the course of treatment. This device can have an instant dose control system whereby the precise dose of radiation can be determined. Once the dose rate can be determined, the treatment schedule can be adjusted. This has the advantage of achieving an accurate and precise X-ray dose control that is to be controlled.
為了使管102可正確地放置於一腫瘤(tumour)上,需使用一腫瘤照明裝置。此腫瘤照明裝置可包括複數個光源(light)126放置於管的周緣靠近端視窗處。當使用時,光 源的光照在患者的皮膚上。由於光源126是位於圍繞在管本體102的周緣,距離管的末端還有一小段距離,因此產生了一光圈(circle of light),其內部是空的。以此方法之下,光的位置在管本體102處產生了一陰影。此陰影圈係用以標示出當X光管啟動時放射目標的區域。在圈的內部不會是完全黑的,因為環境光會進入此陰影區域中。 In order for the tube 102 to be properly placed on a tumor, a tumor illumination device is used. The tumor illumination device can include a plurality of light sources 126 placed at the periphery of the tube near the end window. When used, light The source of light is on the patient's skin. Since the light source 126 is located around the circumference of the tube body 102, a small distance from the end of the tube, a circle of light is created, the interior of which is empty. In this way, the position of the light creates a shadow at the tube body 102. This shaded circle is used to indicate the area where the target is radiated when the X-ray tube is activated. The inside of the circle will not be completely black, as ambient light will enter this shaded area.
更好的是,光源126是白光發光二極體(white LED),其亮度夠亮足以清楚照亮目標區域,且不會產生過多的熱,並具有較長的使用壽命。沒有熱的產生是很重要的,因為此光源會非常靠近患者的皮膚,且同樣重要的是,可將使皮膚燒傷或其它損傷之風險降到最低。其他顏色之發光二極體當然亦可以被使用。或者,也可以使用其它之光源,如習知之燈絲燈泡(filament lamp),或甚至是遠端光源(remote light)由光纖電纜(fibre optic cable)連接至一環(ring)。 More preferably, the light source 126 is a white LED that is bright enough to clearly illuminate the target area without excessive heat generation and a long lifetime. It is important to have no heat generated because the source is very close to the patient's skin and, as importantly, the risk of skin burns or other damage can be minimized. Light-emitting diodes of other colors can of course also be used. Alternatively, other sources of light may be used, such as a conventional filament lamp, or even a remote light connected to a ring by a fibre optic cable.
第4圖所示係顯示依據本發明一態樣之鉸接臂4a之示意圖,其包括一旋轉接頭6a及一球形接頭6b。於此特定實例中,鉸接臂4a之端部(end portion)4a’、4a”為較厚部分,其中中間部(intermediate portion)4'''提供具直徑以方便使用者手部提握。較佳地,鉸接臂4a之中間部4'''的直徑約為4~7公分。 Figure 4 is a schematic view showing an articulated arm 4a according to an aspect of the present invention, which includes a swivel joint 6a and a ball joint 6b. In this particular example, the end portions 4a', 4a" of the hinged arm 4a are thicker portions, wherein the intermediate portion 4"" is provided with a diameter to facilitate gripping by the user's hand. Preferably, the intermediate portion 4"' of the hinged arm 4a has a diameter of about 4 to 7 cm.
於此特定實例中,球形接頭6b提供於鉸接臂端點。然而球接點6b及/或旋轉接點6a(如圖示)提供接近於鉸接臂4a。 In this particular example, the ball joint 6b is provided at the end of the articulated arm. However, the ball joint 6b and/or the rotating joint 6a (as shown) provide access to the articulated arm 4a.
X光裝療器4具有出口視窗(exit window)8以供X光管產生之X光射束通過,並且包括額外的旋轉套筒(rotatable sleeve)9,用以允許讓鉸接臂4a細部調整X光管向下位置。較佳地,旋轉套筒9適於調整X光裝療器4的軸向運動,例如螺絲機制。然而任何適合用於X光裝療器4軸向平移之機制皆可包括不侷限於本發明所揭露之範圍。 The X-ray applicator 4 has an exit window 8 for the X-ray beam generated by the X-ray tube to pass through, and includes an additional rotatable sleeve 9 for allowing the hinged arm 4a to be finely adjusted. The light pipe is down. Preferably, the rotary sleeve 9 is adapted to adjust the axial movement of the X-ray applicator 4, such as a screw mechanism. However, any mechanism suitable for axial translation of the X-ray device 4 can include, without limitation, the scope of the present disclosure.
第5圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之醫療保健單元(medical care unit)之示意圖,例如一移動式X光單元。此移動式X光單元可建構於一滾動底盤(rolling chassis)200上。此底盤從平面觀之可具有H段部之外型,更好的是,此H段部之腳部是叉開(splay)的且稍微朝向外,藉以增加穩定性。此底盤可具有四個輪子(wheel)204,其可以是各別之可轉動腳輪(castoring)且可用於機動地將移動式X光單元移至所需位置。 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing a medical care unit, such as a mobile X-ray unit, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The mobile X-ray unit can be constructed on a rolling chassis 200. The chassis may have a H-segment shape from a plan view. More preferably, the legs of the H-section are splayed and slightly outward, thereby increasing stability. The chassis can have four wheels 204, which can be individual castables and can be used to manually move the mobile X-ray unit to a desired position.
此底盤可提供有一煞車機構(braking mechanism),可藉由一腳踏板(pedal)而操作。雙踏板(twin pedal)220可以被提供,每一個位於底盤之一側。踏板更好的是藉由一軸(shaft)而連接,藉以確保只有一個踏板被操作即可使底盤煞車停止移動。煞車機構可以被配置成以煞住兩相對之輪子。其它的煞車機構亦可以被使用。 The chassis can be provided with a braking mechanism that can be operated by a pedal. Twin pedals 220 may be provided, one on each side of the chassis. The pedals are preferably connected by a shaft to ensure that only one pedal is operated to stop the chassis brake. The brake mechanism can be configured to grip the two opposing wheels. Other brake mechanisms can also be used.
在本實施例中,底盤腳部(chassis leg)201、202係形成為強壯之結構構件,例如壓造金屬管(channel)或樑(beam)。二個腳部201、202係由一橫跨構件(cross-member) 210所連接,此橫跨構件210可具有C型剖面,且以其端部或靠近端部連接二個腳部201、202,如習知技術同,可透過螺栓(bolt)或焊接(welding)。 In the present embodiment, the chassis legs 201, 202 are formed as strong structural members, such as a fabricated metal channel or beam. The two feet 201, 202 are made up of a cross-member 210 is connected, the cross member 210 may have a C-shaped cross section, and the two legs 201, 202 are connected at their ends or near the end, and can be bolted or welded as in the prior art. .
在本實施例中,腳部及橫跨構件可以壓造金屬(pressed metal)部件製成,但其它適合之形狀或材料亦是可行的。可以預見的,底盤之滾動部(rolling part)可以同樣以模造塑膠(molded plastic)材料製成,或在另一例中以具更高強度、負重特性或剛性之材料由鑄造金屬(cast metal)結構製成。 In this embodiment, the foot and cross member can be made of a pressed metal component, but other suitable shapes or materials are also possible. It is foreseen that the rolling part of the chassis can likewise be made of a molded plastic material, or in another case a cast metal structure of a material having higher strength, load bearing properties or rigidity. production.
一第一垂直底盤構件(first vertical chassis member)206可牢固地連接至第一個腳部201,且從此處向上延伸。連接至第二個腳部202的為第二垂直底盤構件(second vertical chassis member)208。垂直底盤構件206、208是由已知之裝置而牢固地連接在一起,在此未顯示。形成了移動式X光單元的一些操作設備,例如高壓電源供應器、用於X光管之冷卻系統以及控制系統,可裝設於垂直底盤構件206、208之上,同樣裝設於垂直底盤構件之上的還有可移動臂(圖上未顯示)。本實施例之優點在於,垂直底盤構件可以不需要為垂直,但需要為可在任何角度可直立延伸的,如此一來可有利於且適於裝設任何配件(ancillary fitting)或設備。 A first vertical chassis member 206 can be securely coupled to the first leg 201 and extends upward therefrom. Connected to the second leg 202 is a second vertical chassis member 208. The vertical chassis members 206, 208 are securely coupled together by known means, not shown here. Some of the operating devices forming the mobile X-ray unit, such as a high voltage power supply, a cooling system for the X-ray tube, and a control system, can be mounted on the vertical chassis members 206, 208, also mounted on the vertical chassis members. There is also a movable arm (not shown). An advantage of this embodiment is that the vertical chassis member may not need to be vertical, but needs to be erectable at any angle, which may be advantageous and suitable for mounting any ancillary fitting or equipment.
第一底盤腳部201是藉由如螺栓(bolt)之裝置而穩固地連接至垂直底盤構件206,此有利於底盤之組裝。然而,其它可用以確保兩構件之間之固定的裝置,例如焊接等, 仍是可被使用的。第二垂直底盤構件208是藉由如軸承(bearing)之裝置而連接至第二底盤腳部202。第二垂直底盤構件208是藉由如螺栓(bolt)之裝置、焊接或其它習知之鎖固裝置而穩固地連接至一裝設托架(mounting bracket)214。此裝設托架提供有一軸承支撐裝置(bearing support means),其與第二底盤腳部202之軸承裝置相配合。此軸承可以為一軸(shaft)或銷(pin)212之形式。軸212從裝設托架214延伸經過軸承支撐裝置而進入腳部202之一配合支撐裝置(co-operating support means)中。上述軸和配合軸承孔可以使第二垂直底盤構件208可相對於一軸線而旋轉,此軸線定義為沿一縱軸延伸沿軸212之長度方向而延伸。軸承支撐裝置可以以任何已知之形成軸承之材料製成,例如相對較軟之金屬如黃銅(brass),或更好的是尼龍(nylon)或聚乙烯(polyethylene)形之塑料製成。 The first chassis foot 201 is securely coupled to the vertical chassis member 206 by means of a bolt, which facilitates assembly of the chassis. However, other devices that can be used to ensure the fixation between the two components, such as welding, etc. Still available. The second vertical chassis member 208 is coupled to the second chassis foot 202 by a device such as a bearing. The second vertical chassis member 208 is securely coupled to a mounting bracket 214 by means of a bolt, welding or other conventional locking means. The mounting bracket is provided with a bearing support means that cooperates with the bearing means of the second chassis foot 202. This bearing can be in the form of a shaft or pin 212. The shaft 212 extends from the mounting bracket 214 through the bearing support means into one of the co-operating support means of the foot 202. The shaft and mating bearing bores allow the second vertical chassis member 208 to rotate relative to an axis defined as extending along a longitudinal axis along the length of the shaft 212. The bearing support means can be made of any material known to form a bearing, such as a relatively soft metal such as brass, or more preferably a nylon or polyethylene plastic.
在操作垂直底盤構件206、208以圖上未顯示之裝置而牢固地連接在一起以提供一具強剛性朝上延伸之底盤,使得任何所需之構件可被裝設於其上,而底盤之滾動部則提供其可配合凹凸或不平表面之彈性。 The vertical chassis members 206, 208 are securely coupled together in a manner that is not shown to provide a chassis that is strongly rigidly upwardly extended so that any desired components can be mounted thereon, while the chassis The rolling section provides flexibility to match the uneven or uneven surface.
第6圖係顯示彈性框架介於不同構件之間連接方式之另一實施例的示意圖。垂直底盤構件206的詳細結構與前述類似。其中,軸承包括軸(shaft)212定義有一旋轉軸穿過軸212之中心,腳部202可依此轉動,因此提供一裝置其使得底盤之滾動部可以變形且適於在不平整之地板或路徑上,且同時可保持一相對朝向上延伸之底盤部。軸212 延伸經過裝設托架214中之一軸承支撐裝置而進入腳部202中之配合支撐裝置中(見第5圖)。此結構使得腳部201、202(見第5圖)可在移動(或停駐)於不平整表面上時能彼此相對轉動,因此可減少設備整體之不穩定性之風險。 Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the manner in which the elastic frame is connected between different members. The detailed structure of the vertical chassis member 206 is similar to that described above. Wherein the bearing includes a shaft 212 defining a axis of rotation through the center of the shaft 212, the foot 202 being rotatable therewith, thereby providing a means for deforming the rolling portion of the chassis and for an uneven floor or path Up and at the same time maintaining a relatively upwardly extending chassis portion. Axis 212 Extending through one of the bearing brackets 214 into the mating support in the foot 202 (see Figure 5). This configuration allows the feet 201, 202 (see Figure 5) to be rotated relative to each other when moving (or parked) on an uneven surface, thereby reducing the risk of instability of the overall device.
第7圖係顯示第6圖之結構之另一實施例的示意圖,腳部202是藉由軸承裝置212經過裝設托架214而機械地連結至底盤構件208。如上所述,橫跨構件210是以其端部或靠近其端部連接腳部201、202,當單元固定時,其有效地提供裝置用以使腳部維持於其所欲之相對位置上。然而,這是指底盤移動於不平整之地面會受到旋轉扭力和扭矩之情況。橫跨構件之結構強度將產生足以抵抗腳部彼此相對扭力之力量,且同樣可提供一阻尼效果(damping),限制及減少腳部之相對移動。更適合的是,將橫跨構件的轉動剛度(rotational stiffness)可選擇為可提供所欲之阻尼效果,其考慮到移動單元之重量及地板之不平整度。 7 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the structure of FIG. 6, the foot portion 202 being mechanically coupled to the chassis member 208 by the mounting device 212 via the mounting bracket 214. As described above, the cross member 210 is connected to the legs 201, 202 at its ends or near its ends, and when the unit is secured, it effectively provides means for maintaining the foot in its desired relative position. However, this refers to the situation where the chassis moves to uneven ground and is subject to rotational torque and torque. The structural strength of the spanning members will produce a force sufficient to resist the relative torque of the feet relative to each other, and also provide a damping that limits and reduces the relative movement of the feet. More suitably, the rotational stiffness of the spanning member can be selected to provide a desired damping effect that takes into account the weight of the mobile unit and the unevenness of the floor.
本發明雖以較佳實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明的範圍,例如,本發明之X光裝置用於具有X光管之X光裝療器具有側邊X光出口視窗。然而,任何熟習此項技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可做些許的更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 Although the present invention has been disclosed above in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. For example, the X-ray device of the present invention is used in an X-ray applicator having an X-ray tube having a side X-ray exit window. However, any person skilled in the art will be able to make some modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
2‧‧‧基座(base) 2‧‧‧Base
2a‧‧‧加載塊(load block) 2a‧‧‧Load block
3‧‧‧軟性纜線(flexible cable) 3‧‧‧flexible cable
4‧‧‧X光裝療器(X-ray applicator) 4‧‧‧X-ray applicator
4’‧‧‧遠端部份(distal portion) 4'‧‧‧distal portion
4a‧‧‧鉸接可位移式臂(articulated displaceable arm) 4a‧‧‧ articulated arm (articulated displaceable arm)
4a’、4a”‧‧‧端部 4a’, 4a” ‧ ‧ end
4a'''‧‧‧中間部(intermediate portion) 4a'''‧‧‧intermediate portion
4d‧‧‧段部(segment) 4d‧‧‧segment
5‧‧‧可位移式桅杆(displaceable mast) 5‧‧‧Displaceable mast
5a‧‧‧外部(outer portion) 5a‧‧‧outer portion
6a‧‧‧旋轉接頭(rotatable joint) 6a‧‧‧rotating joint
6b‧‧‧球形接頭(ball joint) 6b‧‧‧ball joint
8‧‧‧X光出口表面(x-ray exit surface)/出口視窗(exit window) 8‧‧‧X-ray exit surface/exit window
9‧‧‧旋轉套筒(rotatable sleeve) 9‧‧‧Rotating sleeve
10‧‧‧移動式X光單元(mobile X-ray unit) 10‧‧‧mobile X-ray unit
18‧‧‧滑動載具(slidable carriage) 18‧‧‧Slidable carriage
21‧‧‧控制單元(control system) 21‧‧‧control unit
21a‧‧‧使用者介面(user interface) 21a‧‧‧user interface
21b‧‧‧高壓供應器(high voltage supply) 21b‧‧‧high voltage supply
21c‧‧‧高壓產生器(high voltage generator) 21c‧‧‧high voltage generator
21d‧‧‧冷卻系統(cooling system) 21d‧‧‧Cooling system
21e‧‧‧主要控制器(primary controller)/處理器(processor) 21e‧‧‧primary controller/processor
21f‧‧‧次要控制器(secondary controller) 21f‧‧‧secondary controller
21g‧‧‧安全控制器(safety controller) 21g‧‧‧safety controller
22‧‧‧X光裝療器(X-ray applicator) 22‧‧‧X-ray applicator
22a‧‧‧X光管(X-ray tube) 22a‧‧‧X-ray tube
22b‧‧‧射束硬化濾器(beam hardening filter) 22b‧‧·beam hardening filter
22c‧‧‧射束平整濾器(beam flattening filter) 22c‧‧·beam flattening filter
22d‧‧‧準直儀(collimator) 22d‧‧‧collimator
22e‧‧‧裝療器蓋(applicator cap) 22e‧‧‧applicator cap
22f‧‧‧自動準直偵測裝置(automatic collimator detection mean) 22f‧‧‧Automatic collimator detection mean
22g‧‧‧殼體溫度感測器(housing temperature sensor) 22g‧‧‧ housing temperature sensor
22h‧‧‧幅射感測器(radiation sensor) 22h‧‧‧radiation sensor
22i‧‧‧非暫存式數據儲存器(non-volatile data storage) 22i‧‧‧non-volatile data storage
22j‧‧‧幅射指示器(radiation indicator) 22j‧‧‧radiation indicator
22k‧‧‧外殼體(outer housing) 22k‧‧‧outer housing
100‧‧‧X光管(X-ray tube) 100‧‧‧X-ray tube
102‧‧‧本體(body) 102‧‧‧ body
104‧‧‧端視窗(end window) 104‧‧‧End window
106‧‧‧裝療器蓋(applicator cap) 106‧‧‧Applicator cap
108‧‧‧撞擊靶(target) 108‧‧‧ impact target (target)
110‧‧‧陽極總成(anode assembly) 110‧‧‧Anode assembly
112‧‧‧陰極(cathode) 112‧‧‧cathode
114‧‧‧幅射偵測器(radiation detector) 114‧‧‧radiation detector
116‧‧‧導管(conduit) 116‧‧‧catheter (conduit)
118‧‧‧第二導管(second conduit) 118‧‧‧second conduit
120‧‧‧高壓線路總成(high voltage cable assembly) 120‧‧‧High voltage cable assembly
122‧‧‧射束硬化濾器(beam hardening filter) 122‧‧‧beam hardening filter
124‧‧‧出口表面(exit surface) 124‧‧‧Exit surface
126‧‧‧光源(light) 126‧‧‧Light source
128‧‧‧準直儀容室(collimator receptacle) 128‧‧‧collimator receptacle
130‧‧‧準直儀(collimator) 130‧‧‧collimator
200‧‧‧滾動底盤(rolling chassis) 200‧‧‧Rolling chassis
201、202‧‧‧底盤腳部(chassis leg) 201, 202‧‧‧ chassis legs (chassis leg)
204‧‧‧輪子(wheel) 204‧‧‧ Wheels
206‧‧‧第一垂直底盤構件(first vertical chassis member) 206‧‧‧First vertical chassis member
208‧‧‧第二垂直底盤構件(second vertical chassis member) 208‧‧‧second vertical chassis member
210‧‧‧橫跨構件(cross-member) 210‧‧‧cross-member
212‧‧‧銷(pin)\軸(shaft) 212‧‧‧pin(shaft)\shaft
214‧‧‧裝設托架(mounting bracket) 214‧‧‧mounting bracket
220‧‧‧雙踏板(twin pedal) 220‧‧‧double pedal (twin pedal)
P‧‧‧患者(patient) P‧‧‧patient
R‧‧‧旋轉軸(rotation axis) R‧‧‧Rotation axis
α‧‧‧角度(angle) ‧‧‧‧° angle
第1a圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之移動式X光單元 的示意圖;第1b圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之X光單元之具可位移功能裝療器之示意圖;第2圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之移動式X光單元之架構示意圖;第3圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之移動式X光單元之X光裝療器的剖面示意圖;第3E-E圖係顯示一實施例之X光裝療器之縱向剖面示意圖。 Figure 1a shows a mobile X-ray unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention 1b is a schematic diagram showing a displaceable function of an X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a mobile X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an X-ray medical device of a mobile X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 3E-E is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an X-ray device of an embodiment.
第3F-F圖係顯示如3E-E圖之實施例其顯示有陰極。 The 3F-F diagram shows an embodiment as shown in the 3E-E diagram showing a cathode.
第4圖所示係顯示依據本發明一態樣之鉸接臂4a之示意圖;第5圖係顯示依據本發明一實施例之醫療保健單元(medical care unit)例如一移動式X光單元之示意圖;第6圖係顯示彈性框架介於不同構件之間連接方式之另一實施例的示意圖;第7圖係顯示第6圖之結構之另一實施例的示意圖。 4 is a schematic view showing an articulated arm 4a according to an aspect of the present invention; and FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a medical care unit such as a mobile X-ray unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the manner in which the elastic frame is connected between different members; Fig. 7 is a view showing another embodiment of the structure of Fig. 6.
4‧‧‧X光裝療器(X-ray applicator) 4‧‧‧X-ray applicator
4a‧‧‧鉸接可位移式臂(articulated displaceable arm) 4a‧‧‧ articulated arm (articulated displaceable arm)
4a’、4a”‧‧‧端部 4a’, 4a” ‧ ‧ end
4a'''‧‧‧中間部(intermediate portion) 4a'''‧‧‧intermediate portion
6a‧‧‧旋轉接頭(rotatable joint) 6a‧‧‧rotating joint
6b‧‧‧球形接頭(ball joint) 6b‧‧‧ball joint
8‧‧‧X光出口表面(x-ray exit surface) 8‧‧‧X-ray exit surface
9‧‧‧旋轉套筒(rotatable sleeve) 9‧‧‧Rotating sleeve
Claims (12)
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TW101120418A TW201350164A (en) | 2012-06-07 | 2012-06-07 | A mobile X-ray unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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TW101120418A TW201350164A (en) | 2012-06-07 | 2012-06-07 | A mobile X-ray unit |
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TW201350164A true TW201350164A (en) | 2013-12-16 |
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