TW201341391A - 作為PI3K-α及/或β抑制劑之帶有硼酸之立費烷(LIPHAGANE)化合物 - Google Patents
作為PI3K-α及/或β抑制劑之帶有硼酸之立費烷(LIPHAGANE)化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201341391A TW201341391A TW102109708A TW102109708A TW201341391A TW 201341391 A TW201341391 A TW 201341391A TW 102109708 A TW102109708 A TW 102109708A TW 102109708 A TW102109708 A TW 102109708A TW 201341391 A TW201341391 A TW 201341391A
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 63
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 52
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 46
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Abstract
本發明係關於具有特定立費烷雜□類支架及於骨架中具有硼酸官能基之化合物(通式I),該等化合物具有作為抗癌劑之藥學潛力。本發明亦關於該化合物之製備方法及抑制磷脂醯肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K-α及β)之活性之方法。尤其是,本發明係描述一種抑制PI3K異構物之方法,其中該化合物具有以帶有特定硼酸官能基之立費烷支架為基礎之新穎結構。該等方法及用途亦涵蓋於本發明中。
Description
本發明係關於帶有硼酸之立費烷(liphagane)化合物。本發明特別關於帶有硼酸之雜萜類(meroterpenoid)立費烷支架為基礎之化合物。該等化合物可被設計及合成,且其經由抑制PI3K途徑之抗癌活性之生物性評估結果係顯示於本發明中。本發明之技術領域係關於並涵蓋基於雜萜類立費烷支架之新穎PI3K-α/β抑制劑用於抗癌活性之研發。
PI3K為一關於胞內信息傳遞者之家族,能將磷脂醯肌醇(PtdIns)之肌醇環第三位置之羥基磷酸化。已知該家族為磷脂醯肌醇-3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases)。其傳遞途徑,致癌基因PIK3與腫瘤抑制物(PTEN)基因,被認為關於卡路里限制(calorie restriction)中,癌症腫瘤對胰島素及IGF1不敏感性(insensitivity)。3-激酶(PI3K)信息傳遞途徑為研發某些治療劑之新方向。於PI3K之各種次型中,第IA型(class IA)之PI3K-alpha獲得較多關注,因其於人類不同癌症中較常突變及增幅,故可作為極具潛力之癌症治療藥物之標靶。細胞毒殺劑無法區分腫瘤細胞與正常增殖者,然而,與細胞毒殺劑相反,標靶治療主要於癌細胞中發揮其功能。腫瘤之發生及維持係肇因於特定位置之基因變異。鑑定出此些變異發生處之基因,係為癌症治療開啟一新契機。於人類癌症
中,PI3K(磷脂醯肌醇3-激酶)傳遞途徑通常會過度活化,且發現不同的基因變異會造成此現象。於所有案例中,PI3K抑制作用被視為是最有潛力之癌症治療藥物之標的之一。
由於在發炎反應與癌症中廣泛活化,因此,該磷脂醯肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)傳遞途徑之抑制劑逐漸被視為潛在治療劑,而對具有適當藥學性質之化合物之研究則大幅增加。該等研究主要針對PI3K本身。然而,由於第I型PI3K亦為部分正常生理流程所必需,因此,廣效性PI3K抑制作用之接受度可能極低。
近年來,開始出現關於新穎PI3K抑制劑之生成之專利,特別是建構具有增強之異構物選擇性之化合物,以用於抗癌或抗發炎治療。然而,要成功的以藥理學方式標定此酶家族,仍有困難。
選擇磷脂醯肌醇3-激酶-α(PI3K-α/β)抑制劑之基本原理:於細胞層級上,磷脂醯肌醇-3-激酶訊息傳導可作用於許多程序,包括細胞週期進程、細胞生長、存活及移動、以及胞內囊泡傳送。該PI3K代表該脂質激酶家族,其可依據結構及受質專一性而區分成三個次家族,即第I型、第II型、及第III型。脂質激酶中最為廣泛研究的是第I型PI3K,其為異質二元體(heterodimeric)蛋白質,各自包含一較小的調控結構域(domain)及一較大的、110 kDa催化結構域,會產生四種異構物,區分為p110α、p110β、p110γ、及p110δ。雖然已有文獻報導過,以自然產物為基礎之小分子(如,由Penicillium wortmanni所分離出之渥曼青黴素(Wortmannin)、LY294002類黃酮斛黃酮之一合成類似物等)可抑制該PI3-激酶,其具有奈克(nano-gram)範圍之IC50之值,但該等分子無法上市,因為潛力低、激酶或異構物之選擇性差、安定性有限、且藥理學及藥物動力學性質不足。然而,具備異構物選擇性及具備似藥物性質之潛力之PI3激酶抑制劑已開始展現其用於癌症及其他病症治療之潛力。針對癌症,證據顯示第1A型PI3激酶p110α及
p110β之抑制作用顯然為最適當的標靶。近來,Andersen等人於2006年報告其於一由海洋無脊椎動物中篩選拮抗人類PI3K-α之合作計畫中,由海生海綿Aka coralliphaga獲得具潛力且具異構物選擇性之PI3K-α抑制劑,其注意到由海洋資源而來的天然產物如同分子多樣性的豐富寶庫,且在藥物開發之先導結構上提供了大量豐富的來源。立費萜拮抗PI3K-α較拮抗PI3K-γ之能力高了~10倍多(參考文獻:Joshua J. Day, Ryan M. McFadden,"The catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-Liphagal", Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 6814-6818; Enrique Alvarez-Manzaneda, RachidChahboun,"Enantioselectivetotal synthesis of the selective PI3-kinase inhibitor Liphagal", Org. Lett., 2010, 12 (20), pp 4450-4453; Jonathan H. George, Jack E. Baldwin,"Enantiospecificbiosynthetically inspired formal total synthesis of (+)-Liphagal", Org.Lett., 2010, 12 (10), pp 2394-2397; Alban R. Pereira, Wendy K. Strangman,"Synthesis of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitory analogues of the sponge meroterpenoid Liphagal", J. Med. Chem., 2010, 53 (24), pp 8523-8533; Dima A. Sabbah, Jonathan L. Vennerstrom,"Docking studies on isoform-specific inhibition of phosphoinositide-3-kinases", J. Chem. Inf. Model., 2010, 50 (10), pp 1887-1898; Ram Vishwakarma and Sanjay Kumar,"Efficient Synthesis of key intermediate toward Liphagal synthesis", Synthetic Communications, 2010, 41 (2), pp 177-183; Frederic Marion, David E. Williams,"Liphagal, a selective inhibitor of PI3 kinase-α isolated from the sponge Aka coralliphaga: Structure elucidation and biomimetic synthesis", Org. Lett., 2006, 8 (2), pp 321-324; Goverdhan Mehta, Nachiket S. Likhite, C.S. Ananda Kumar,"A concise synthesis of the bioactive meroterpenoid natural product (±)-liphagal, a potent PI3K inhibitor", Tet. Lett, 2009, vol. 50, no. 37, pp 321-324)。本發明係係藉由用於發現先導分子之多樣性導向合
成,接著對分子進行合理的修飾作用,而合成包含硼之立費萜之類似物(analog)。
本發明之主要目的係提供帶有硼酸之立費烷(liphagane)化合物。
本發明之另一目的係提供含有硼酸官能基之立費烷化合物之製備方法。
本發明之另一目的係提供如本發明之申請專利範圍所述之合成途徑之步驟A6至A7及A7至A之製備方法。
本發明之又一目的係評估該以硼酸為基底之立費萜(liphagal)作為抗癌藥劑之生物活性。
本發明之又一目的係驗證該等化合物對於PI3K抑制作用之異構物選擇性,即研究酶專一性時,對於α或β之專一性。
本發明之又一目的係探究帶有硼酸之立費萜化合物之作用機制及生長抑制作用,其可藉由Annexin-V或免疫螢光測試,及藉由細胞週期分析進行。
本發明係提供一種具有通式I之化合物:
其中,a)'Y'=O、S、NH或NR,其中,R=烷基、芳基、雜芳基環狀脂肪族、或芳香
系;b)其中,n=0或1;c)其中,R1、R2及R3係分別選自由H、OH、OR、COR、CHO、CO2R、OCOR、NH2、NHR、NR、NRR’、NO2、F、Cl、Br、I、OSO3H、SO2R、CN、SiRR’R”、OCF3、CF3、及R所成群組之一種或多種,其中,R、R’、R”係選自由烷基、芳基、雜芳基、及環狀脂肪族環所成群組之一種或多種,其中,該環狀脂肪族環係選自由環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、及環己基所成群組之一種或多種,且該環狀脂肪族環於不同位置具有不同取代基,其中,該烷基係選自由甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、及異丁基所成群組之一種或多種,且其中,芳基或雜芳基具有選自由鹵基、不同鍊長之烷基、硝基、胺基、磺醯基所成群組之一種或多種取代基;d)其中,R4=H或OR或SR或SO2R或OSO3R或SiRR’R”或NH2或NHR或NRR’或含一至十個碳之直鍊或支鍊、飽和或不飽和之烷基基團,視需要經OH、H、=O、=S、OR、COR、CHO、CO2R、OCOR、NH2、NHR、NRR’、NO2、F、Cl、Br、I、OSO3H、SO2R’、CN、SiRR’R”或R所取代,其中,R、R’、R”係分別選自由烷基、芳基、雜芳基、或具有不同取代基及不同鍊長之環狀脂肪族環,該取代基可為具有不同取代基及不同鍊長之環狀脂肪族環,其中,該烷基係選自由甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基所成群組之一種或多種,且其中,芳基或雜芳基具有選自由鹵基、不同鍊長之烷基、硝基、胺基、磺醯
基所成群組之一種或多種取代基;其中,該烷基取代基係選自由甲基、乙基、丙基、及高級同系物(higher homologues)所成群組之一種或多種,其中,該高級同系物為直鍊、支鍊、或脂環族取代基,其中,該脂環族取代基係選自由環戊烷、環己烷、高元環(higher membered rings)、稠合環、及經芳基/雜芳基取代之烷基所成群組之一種或多種,其中,該經芳基/雜芳基取代之烷基為芐基或不飽和烷基,進一步選自由肉桂基(cinnamyl)、巴豆基(crotyl)、及異戊二烯基(prenyl)取代基所成群組之一種或多種;e)其中,R5、R6及R7係分別選自由H、一個至十個碳之直鍊或分枝、在任何位置為飽和或不飽和之碳鍊、及烷基所成群組之一種或多種,其中,該烷基視需要係經OH、H、OH、=O、=S、OR、COR、CHO、CO2R、OCOR、NH2、NHR’、NRR’、NO2、F、Cl、Br、I、OSO3H、SO2R、CN、SiR’R’R”、R所取代,其中,R、R’、R”係分別選自由烷基、芳基、雜芳基、及具有不同取代基之環狀脂肪族環所成群組之一種或多種。
於本發明之另一實施例中,該通式I之化合物係由如下列結構式所示之式A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J、K、L、M、N、O、P、Q、R、S、T、U、V、W、X、Y、Z、AA、AB、AC、AD、AE、AF、AG、AH、AI、AJ、AK、AL、AM、AN、AO、AP、AQ、AR、AS、AT、AU、AV、AW、AX、AY及AZ所代表:
於本發明之另一實施例中,該化合物係有用於癌症治療之PI3K-α或β異構物之專一性抑制劑。
於本發明之又一實施例中,亦提供一種製備通式I之化合物及其醫藥上可接受之鹽類之方法,
其中,a)‘Y’=O、S、NH或NR,其中R=烷基、芳基、雜芳基環狀脂肪族環或芳香系;b)其中n=0或1;ci)其中,R1、R2及R3係獨立選自由H、OH、OR、COR、CHO、CO2R、OCOR、NH2、NHR、NR、NRR’、NO2、F、Cl、Br、I、OSO3H、SO2R、CN、SiRR’R”、OCF3、CF3、及R所成群組之一種或多種;其中,R、R’、R”係獨立選自由烷基、芳基、雜芳基及環狀脂肪族環所成群組之一種或多種;其中,該環狀脂肪族環係選自由環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、及環己基所成群組之一種或多種,且其中,該環狀脂肪族環可於不同位置具有不同取代基,其中,該烷基係選自由甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基及異丁基所成群組之一種或多種,其中,芳基或雜芳基具有選自由鹵基、不同鍊長之烷基、硝基、胺基、及磺醯基所成群組之一種或多種取代基;di)其中,R4=H或OR或SR或SO2R或OSO3R或SiRR’R”或NH2或NHR或NRR’或一烷基取代基或一具有一至十個碳、直鍊或分枝、飽和或不飽和之烷基,其視需要係經OH、H、=O、=S、OR、COR、CHO、CO2R、OCOR、NH2、NHR、NRR’、NO2、F、Cl、Br、I、OSO3H、SO2R’、CN、SiRR’R”或R所取代,其中,R、R’、R”係獨立選自由下列所成群組之一種或多種:烷基、芳基、雜芳基、及具有不同取代基之環狀脂肪族環,該取代基為具有不同鍊長之環狀脂肪族環且具有不同取代基及不同鍊長,其中,該烷基係選自由甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基異丁基所成群組之
一種或多種,以及,其中,芳基或雜芳基具有選自由鹵基、不同鍊長之烷基、硝基、胺基、及磺醯基所成群組之一種或多種取代基;其中,該烷基取代基係選自由甲基、乙基、丙基、及高級同系物所成群組,其中該高級同系物為直鍊、支鍊或脂環系取代基,其中該脂環系取代基係選自由環戊烷、環己烷、高元環、稠合環、及經芳基/雜芳基取代之烷基所成群組之一種或多種取代基,其中,該經芳基/雜芳基取代之烷基為芐基或不飽和烷基,其進一步選自由肉桂基、巴豆基、及異戊二烯基取代基所成群組之一種或多種;e)其中,R5、R6及R7係獨立選自由H、一個至十個碳之直鍊或分枝、在任何位置為飽和或不飽和之碳鍊、及烷基所成群組之一種或多種,其中該烷基視需要係經OH、H、=O、=S、OR、COR、CHO、CO2R、OCOR、NH2、NHR’、NRR’、NO2、F、Cl、Br、I、OSO3H、SO2R、CN、SiR’R’R”、R所取代,其中,R、R’、R”係獨立選自由烷基、芳基、雜芳基、及具有不同取代基之環狀脂肪族環所成群組之一種或多種;其中,該方法包括下列步驟:係包括下列步驟:i)在一鹼類之存在下,將化合物9與正丁基鋰(n-BuLi)或第三丁醇鉀於一醚類溶劑中反應;
ii)於步驟(i)所得混合物中添加硼酸三乙基酯或硼酸三甲基酯,並攪拌;iii)將步驟(ii)之反應以飽和氯化銨溶液淬火(quenching),接著以與水不相融(immiscible)之溶劑萃取,以得通式10之化合物;
iv)將化合物10與BI3或DMS或AlCl3/硫脲以莫耳比1:1至3:4之比例於一醚類溶劑中進行反應;v)將步驟(iv)之反應以硫代硫酸鈉溶液(hypo solution)淬火,接著以與水不相融之溶劑萃取,以得通式1之化合物。
於本發明之一實施例中,該步驟(i)及(v)之醚類溶劑可選自由四氫呋喃、二氯甲烷、二乙醚、二異丙基醚、及異丙基醚所成群組之一種或多種。
於本發明之一實施例中,該步驟(i)之鹼類係選自由四甲基乙二胺、三乙基胺、三甲基胺、及二異丙基乙胺所成群組之一種或多種。
於本發明之一實施例中,步驟(i)之反應係於-78℃至35℃之溫度下進行5至10分鐘。
於本發明之一實施例中,步驟(ii)之反應係於0-5℃之溫度下進行1至2小時。
於本發明之另一實施例中,該步驟(iii)及(v)之與水不相融之溶劑係選自由乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、醚、或氯仿所成群組之一種或多種。
於本發明之一實施例中,步驟(iv)之反應係於-78℃-35℃之溫度
下進行1至3小時。
於本發明之一實施例中,由步驟(v)所得通式1之化合物係轉換成一醫藥上可接受之鹽類。
於本發明之另一實施例中,該通式1之化合物可被轉換成一鹽類,係藉由包含下列步驟之方法:將該通式1之化合物與一鹼類以1:1之比例於水中混合,其中,該鹼類係選自氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、或氫氧化銨;攪拌該反應混合物達1-2小時;接著乾燥,而可獲得該通式1化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽類。
於本發明之又一實施例中,係提供一種醫藥組成物,包括一有效劑量之式1化合物,及視需要之醫藥上可接受之載體、鹽類、賦形劑、或稀釋劑。
於本發明之一實施例中,該醫藥上可接受之載體係選自由水、緩衝生理食鹽水、乙二醇、甘油、橄欖油、及微脂體所成群組之一種或多種。
於本發明之又一實施例中,係提供一種藉由PI3K-α或β異構物之專一性抑制作用之治療癌症之方法,其係使用通式1之化合物:
其中,a)‘Y’=O、S、NH或NR,其中R=烷基、芳基、雜芳基環狀脂肪族環或芳香系;b)其中n=0或1;cii)其中,R1、R2及R3係獨立選自由H、OH、OR、COR、CHO、CO2R、OCOR、
NH2、NHR、NR、NRR’、NO2、F、Cl、Br、I、OSO3H、SO2R、CN、SiRR’R”、OCF3、CF3、及R所成群組之一種或多種,其中,R、R’、R”係獨立選自由烷基、芳基、雜芳基及環狀脂肪族環所成群組之一種或多種;其中,該環狀脂肪族環係選自由環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、及環己基所成群組之一種或多種,且其中,該環狀脂肪族環可於不同位置具有不同取代基,其中,該烷基係選自由甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基及異丁基所成群組,以及,其中,芳基或雜芳基具有選自由鹵基、不同鍊長之烷基、硝基、胺基、及磺醯基所成群組之一種或多種取代基;dii)其中,R4=H或OR或SR或SO2R或OSO3R或SiRR’R”或NH2或NHR或NRR’或一烷基取代基或一具有一至十個碳之直鍊或分枝、飽和或不飽和之烷基,其視需要係經OH、H、=O、=S、OR、COR、CHO、CO2R、OCOR、NH2、NHR、NRR’、NO2、F、Cl、Br、I、OSO3H、SO2R’、CN、SiRR’R”或R所取代,其中,R、R’、R”係獨立選自由烷基、芳基、雜芳基、及具有不同取代基之環狀脂肪族環,該取代基為具有不同鍊長之環狀脂肪族環且具有不同取代基及不同鍊長,所成群組之一種或多種,其中,該烷基係選自由甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基異丁基所成群組,以及,其中,芳基或雜芳基具有選自由鹵基、不同鍊長之烷基、硝基、胺基、及磺醯基所成群組之一種或多種取代基;其中,該烷基取代基係選自由甲基、乙基、丙基、及高級同系物所成群組,
其中該高級同系物為直鍊、支鍊或脂環系取代基,其中該脂環系取代基係選自由環戊烷、環己烷、高元環、稠合環、及經芳基/雜芳基取代之烷基所成群組之一種或多種取代基,其中,該經芳基/雜芳基取代之烷基為芐基或不飽和烷基,其進一步選自由肉桂基、巴豆基、及異戊二烯基取代基所成群組之一種或多種;e)其中,R5、R6及R7係獨立選自由H、一個至十個碳之直鍊或分枝、在任何位置為飽和或不飽和之碳鍊、及烷基所成群組之一種或多種,其中該烷基視需要係經OH、H、=O、=S、OR、COR、CHO、CO2R、OCOR、NH2、NHR’、NRR’、NO2、F、Cl、Br、I、OSO3H、SO2R、CN、SiR’R’R”、R所取代,其中,R、R’、R”係獨立選自由烷基、芳基、雜芳基、及具有不同取代基之環狀脂肪族環所成群組之一種或多種;其中,該方法包括:混合通式1之化合物與一人類癌細胞株,該人類癌細胞株係選自由肺細胞株(A549)、血癌細胞株(THP1)、前列腺細胞株(PC-3)、及結腸細胞株(caco-2、colo205、HCT-115)所成群組之一種或多種,以及,專一性抑制該人類癌細胞株之PI3K-α或β異構物。
於本發明之一實施例中,該通式1之化合物之劑量範圍為20mg/kg至100mg/kg。
於本發明之一實施例中,當用於拮抗結腸癌細胞株及乳癌細胞株之體外測試活性時,該代表性化合物A具有GI50濃度範圍為2.4μM-2.6μM。
於本發明之一實施例中,該代表性化合物A於濃度為10 μM時,係展現>74%之人類癌細胞株之最適化生長抑制作用。
於本發明之一實施例中,當用於拮抗結腸癌細胞株之體外測試活性時,該代表性化合物E係增加sub-G1/G0細胞群,並展現濃度依存性之於G1/G0
細胞群之生長休止,以及結腸癌細胞株之晚期細胞凋亡。
第1圖係顯示體外測試以細胞株為基礎之部分代表性帶有硼酸之立費烷化合物之抗癌活性。
第3、4、5圖顯示化合物A、化合物E、立費萜及化合物AZ之鍵結試驗。
第1圖係顯示帶有硼酸之立費烷支架之通常結構。
第2圖為化合物A與PI3K-α之催化性結構域之構造結合測試(電腦模擬)。
第3圖為化合物E與PI3K-α之催化性結構域之構造結合測試(電腦模擬)。
第6圖係顯示合成通式I之含硼酸之化合物(化合物11)之流程圖。
第7圖為合成化合物A之典型流程。
第8圖為合成化合物AZ之典型流程。
第9圖顯示化合物A之IC50結果,係以caco-2細胞株進行MTT分析。
第10圖顯示化合物A之IC50結果,係採用酶為基礎之分析(PI3K-α及β)。
第11圖顯示化合物A之IC50結果,係採用酶為基礎之分析(PI3K-α及β),圖式顯示PI3K-α異構物對化合物AZ之IC50值。
第12圖為化合物A之細胞週期分析。
第13圖顯示化合物E對凋亡細胞族群之濃度依存性增加作用。
第14圖顯示CACO-2細胞之免疫螢光顯微鏡分析,係採用Phospho-Akt(Ser473)兔子多株IgG抗體(以德州紅標記);A為未處理之細胞、B及C分別為以4 μM之立費萜及3 μM之化合物E處理24小時之細胞,顯示pAKT之抑制作用;細胞核以DAPI染成藍色。
縮寫:
CAN:乙腈
Ac:乙醯基
CDCl3:氘化氯仿
CHCl3:氯仿
13CNMR:碳核磁共振
DCM或CH2Cl2:二氯甲烷
DIPEA:二異丙基乙胺
DMF:二甲基甲醯胺
DMSO:二甲基亞碸
EtOAc:乙酸乙酯
h或hr:小時
1HNMR:質子核磁共振
IC50:50%抑制濃度
IR:紅外線
J:耦合常數(Hz)
MeOH:甲醇
MHz:兆赫
mg:毫克
μg:微克
μL:微升
Mmol:毫莫耳
MTT:粒腺體膜勢能
m/z:質荷比
PI3-K:磷脂醯肌醇-3-激酶
TEA:三乙基胺
TFA:三氟乙酸
THF:四氫呋喃
TLC:薄層層析法
TMA:三甲基胺
TMEDA:四甲基乙二胺
於本發明之一實施例中,式1係表示以雜萜類為基礎之立費烷支架之不同化合物,其於苯環之6th位置具有硼酸官能基,其中,R1至R3係獨立選自H、OH、OR、COR、CHO、CO2R、OCOR、NH2、NHR、NR、NRR’、NO2、F、Cl、Br、I、OSO3H、SO2R、CN、SiRR’R”、OCF3、CF3、及R所成群組。其中,R、R’、R”可為烷基、芳基、雜芳基、及任何具有不同取代基之環狀脂肪族。
於另一實施例中,‘Y’為O、S、NH、及NR,其中,R-可經烷基、芳基、雜芳基基團、或任何環狀脂肪族或芳香系所取代。
於本發明之一實施例中,n及n1係選自碳鍊長度0、1及2。
於另一實施例中,其中,R4為H或OR或SR或SO2R或OSO3R或SiRR’R”或NH2或NHR或NRR’或為1至10個碳鍊、直鍊或分枝、飽和或不飽和之烷基,視需要可經OH、H、OH、=O、=S、OR、COR、CHO、CO2R、OCOR、NH2、NHR、NRR’、NO2、F、Cl、Br、I、OSO3H、SO2R’、CN、SiRR’R”及R取代。其中,R、R’、R”為烷基、芳基、雜芳基、或環狀脂肪族環,其具有不同鍊長之取代基。
於一實施例中,其中,該取代基R4亦可選自由下列所成群組之一種或多種:氫、烷基取代基,即甲基、乙基、丙基、及高級同系物,該高級同系物為直鍊或支鍊,包含脂環族如環戊烷、環己烷、或高元環、稠合環、及經芳基/雜芳基取代之烷基,包含苄基或其高級同系物,其可能包含不飽和烷基如肉桂基、巴豆基、及異戊烯基。
於本發明之又一實施例中,其中,R5、R6及R7為H或1至10個碳之直鍊或分枝之碳鍊,其於任一位置為飽和或不飽和,烷基基團視需要可經OH、H、OH、=O、=S、OR、COR、CHO、CO2R、OCOR、NH2、NHR’、NR’、NR’R”、NO2、F、Cl、Br、I、OSO3H、SO2R、CN、SiRR’R”及R所取代。此處,R、R’、R”可為烷基、芳基、雜芳基或任何環狀脂肪族環,其可具有不同取代基。
於本發明之一實施例中,R係獨立選自H或1至10個碳之碳鍊,可為直鍊或分枝、飽和或不飽和之烷基基團,視需要可經OH、H、OH、=O、=S、OR、COR、CHO、CO2R、OCOR、NH2、NHR、NRR’、NO2、F、Cl、Br、I、OSO3H、SO2R、CN、SiRR’R”及R。此處,R、R’、R”可為烷基、芳基、雜芳基或任何環狀脂肪族環,其可具有不同取代基。
其中,進一步而言,於不同位置之取代基R亦可選自由下列所成群組之一種或多種:氫、烷基取代基,即甲基、乙基、丙基、及高級同系物,該高級同系物為直鍊或支鍊,包含脂環族如環戊烷、環己烷、或高元環、稠合環、及經芳基/雜芳基取代之烷基,包含苄基或其高級同系物,其可能包含不飽和烷基如肉桂基、巴豆基、及異戊烯基取代基。
於本發明之一實施例中,對於立費萜及其以硼酸為基礎之化合物之電腦生物資訊研究可以習知方法進行,如下所述:所有電腦研究係以軟體Schrodinger suite 2010分子模型軟體進行。所有分子之2D結構係於主視窗(maestro window)進行建構,接著,將所有分子轉換為各自的3D結構及不同構形異構物、互變異構物(tautomers)及離子化狀態(採用Ligprep及Confgen模組);接著,以OPLS_2005力場將該等分子最小化。以蛋白質資料庫(Protein Data Bank,以下簡稱PDB)中的PI3Kα之3D晶體結構作為受體進行嵌合研究(PDB ID:3HHM)。該蛋白質係由PDB下載,並利用軟體「Protein Preparation wizard」製備用於嵌合。添加氫至該蛋白質,並建構其缺環(missing loops)。對於準備用於嵌合研究之蛋白質,亦進行鍵結長度及鍵結次序校正。利用受體柵格生成模組,以該受體之已共結晶之配體為基礎,生成活性位置柵格。利用軟體滑動模組(Glide module),經由此柵格將該配體嵌合於該受體;且,為了找出該等配體之鍵結模式,對所有構形異構物進行彈性嵌合。軟體Glide之額外精準值(XP)評分功能係用於進行該等研究。
於本發明之又一實施例中,立費萜及其以硼酸為基礎之化合物之電腦研究所得結果為:根據嵌合研究,發現與立費萜相較,立費萜之硼酸類似物具有對PI3Kα之較佳親和性。交互作用研究顯示,硼酸(OH)係與Val851及Gln859之強力氫鍵交互作用相關,反之,立費萜僅於Gln859單一位置之氫鍵交
互作用相關。又,以硼酸為基礎之化合物之嵌合分數約為-10,而立費萜約為-8.5,此顯示了硼酸類似物對於PI3Kα較強的親和性。
以下以實施例進一步詳述本發明,然而,該等實施例係僅用於說明,並非意欲限制本發明。熟習本領域之技藝者可理解,在不悖離後附申請專利範圍所界定之範疇下針對本發明所進行之各種變化或修改係落入本發明之一部分。
一般條件:溶劑係以標準程序純化,所用試劑均為可購得之最高純度。除非另有說明,否則所有反應均於以火焰烤乾之玻璃裝置中,於氬氣/氮氣下進行。無水溶劑如CH2Cl2、Et2O、THF、CH3OH、CH3CN、DMF、吡啶、Et3N係以標準方法新鮮乾燥。NMR量測(1H及13C)係以配有脈衝場梯度探針之400或500 MHz光譜儀(購自Bruker)進行,並以三甲基矽烷(TMS)或氘化溶劑之殘餘共振作為內標準。化學位移係以(δ)百萬分率及耦合常數J(赫茲)表現。質譜係以ESI MS或MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS-MS光譜儀進行,以2,5-二羥基苯甲酸/α-氰基-4-羥基苯甲酸/芥子酸(購自Sigma-Aldrich)為基質,其於乙腈:水包含0.01% TFA中。旋光性係以PerkinElmer-241數位旋光計。分析型TLC係以Merck 60 F254層析板進行,以磷鉬酸或於MeOH中之20%之H2SO4作為顯影劑進行噴灑及焦炭化而使化合物顯現。配製型TLC則以預塗佈之60 F254矽膠層析板(20x20 cm)(購自Merck)進行。矽膠管住層析係以矽膠(100-200篩孔)或快速矽膠(230-400篩孔)(購自Merck)進行。
步驟1至6係參考文獻:Mehta, G.; Likhite, N. S.; Ananda Kumar, C. S. Tet. Lett. 2009, 50, 5260。與化合物A合成相關之步驟係如下述。
步驟1:2-羥基4,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛(A1)之合成:於0℃,將BBr3(6.39 g,25.5 mmol)添加至3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲醛(5g,25.5 mmol)之CH2Cl2(125 ml)之溶液中。於反應完成後(以TLC確認),將所得暗色混合物於0℃攪拌10小時(hr),接著加入H2O(100 mL),並將混合物攪拌10分鐘(min),以CH2Cl2萃取水相。有機相則以Na2SO4乾燥,並於減壓下揮發。將所得殘留物以矽膠(CH2Cl2)純化而得2-羥基4,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛A1(4.3g),產率87%,為分離之黃色固體:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ11.33(s,1H),9.63(s,1H),6.83(s,1H),6.40(s,1H),3.87(s,3H),3.81(s,3H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:225.06;元素分析計算(Elemental anal.calcd.)--C9H10O4;C:59.34,H:5.53,O:35.13;found C:59.14,H:5.13,O:34.90。
步驟2:1-(5,6-二甲氧基苯并呋喃-2-基)乙酮(A2)之合成:於2-羥基於4,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛(2g,10.98 mmol)之2-丁酮(15 ml)溶液中添加K2CO3(6.07g,43.95 mmol),接著於0℃攪拌10分鐘,添加溴丙酮(2.24 g,16.47 mmol)並於90℃迴流4小時。完成該反應後,蒸餾移除2-丁酮,添加水,接著以乙酸乙酯萃取兩次。將EtOAc相以Na2SO4進行乾燥,將殘留物以矽膠(3:7 EtOAc/己烷)進行層析而得該酮類A2(1.69g),產率70%,為淡黃色固體:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.29(s,1H),7.04(s,1H),6.98(s,1H),3.94(s,3H),3.90(s,3H),2.30(s,3H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:243.07;元素分析計算--C12H12O4;C:65.45,H:5.49.found C:65.20,H:5.25。
步驟3:1-(5,6-二甲氧基苯并呋喃-2-基)-5,9-二甲基-4,8-癸二烯-1-酮(A3)之合成:在氬氣氛圍、0℃下,於1-(5,6-二甲氧基苯并呋喃-2-基)乙酮A2
(1g,4.545 mmol)之無水甲苯溶液中添加tBuOK(0.51g,4.545 mmol),接著於相同溫度下攪拌15分鐘,於該反應混合物中滴入溴化香葉酯。於相同溫度下將所得懸浮液攪拌2小時。於該反應混合物中加入50ml之水以進行層分離。以乙酸乙酯萃取水相層。組合之有機萃取物以以鹵水洗滌並以Na2SO4乾燥,於減壓下揮發。將殘留物以矽膠(5% EtOAc/己烷)進行層析而得該酮類A3(1.69g),產率70%,為淡黃色液體:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.425(s,1H),7.365(s,1H),7.06(s,1H),5.12-5.16(m,1H),5.08-5.04(m,1H),3.96(s,3H),3.93(s,3H),2.97-2.89(t,2H),2.50-2.40(m,2H),2.17-2.00(m,4H),1.66(s,3H),1.63(s,3H),1.64(s,3H),1.58(s,3H),ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:379.2;元素分析計算--C22H28O4;C:74.13,H:7.92.;found C:74.0,H:5.25。
步驟4:5,6-二甲氧基-2-((E)-6,10-二甲基十一-1,5,9-三烯-2-基)苯并呋喃(A4)之合成:碘代甲基三苯基磷(威悌鹽(wittig salt),2.247g 5.6mmol)置於乾燥RBF並保持於冰-鹽混合物中,加入乾燥THF(6mL),於所得混合物中滴入nBuLi(2.5 mol,其於己烷3.370,8.4 mmol中)直到反應混合物轉變成黃色懸浮液。於該反應混合物中,滴入酮類(1g,2.8 mmol)之THF溶液。將該所得懸浮液攪拌2小時。於反應完成後,添加10%氯化銨溶液30ml,並以EtOAc萃取。將殘留物以矽膠(3% EtOAc/己烷)進行層析而得該化合物A4(0.79g),產率80%,為無色液體:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ 6.95(s,1H),6.63(s,1H),5.86(s,1H),5.31-5.30(d,1H),5.20-5.18(d,2H),5.11-5.08(t,1H),3.90(s,3H),3.90(s,3H),2.46-2.43(t,2H),2.32-2.28(q,2H),2.08-2.04(q,2H),2.01-1.98(t,2H),1.68(s,3H),1.59(s,3H),1.56(s,3H),ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:377.22;元素分析計算--C23H30O3;C:77.93,H:8.53;found C:77.55,H:8.35。
步驟5:5,6-二甲氧基-2-((E)-1,6,10-三甲基十一-5,9-二烯-2-基) 苯并呋喃(A5)之合成:於化合物A4(0.7g 1.9 mmol)之MeOH溶液中添加10莫耳%(Mol%)之Pd/C,且係於壓力40 psi下進行反應0.5小時。反應完成(以TLC監測)後,將反應混合物過濾並將甲醇完全揮發。將殘留物以矽膠(3% EtOAc/己烷)進行層析而得化合物A5(0.633g),產率90%,為無色液體:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.04(s,1H),6.98(s,1H),6.294(s,1H),5.15-5.12(m,4H),3.940(s,6H),2.94-2.91(m,1H),2.10-1.98(m,4H),1.87-1.82(m,2H),1.74(s,3H),1.634(s,3H),1.59(s,3H),1.34-1.32(d,3H),ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:356.24;元素分析計算--C23H32O3;C:77.49,H:9.05;found C:77.49,H:9.05。
步驟6:化合物(A6)之合成:於-85℃下,添加氯磺酸(0.977g,8.42 mmol)至該苯并呋喃A5(0.6g,1.6 mmol)之2-硝基丙烷(25mL)溶液中。將所得混合物於-78℃下攪拌30分鐘。接著加入NaHCO3水溶液,並以EtOAc萃取水相。以Na2SO4乾燥該EtOAc相、過濾、並於減壓下揮發。將殘留物以矽膠(3% EtOAc/己烷)進行層析而得化合物A6(0.3g),產率50%,為具有消旋混合物之無色液體:1H NMR(CDCl3,500 MHz)δ 7.13(s,1H),6.85(s,1H),3.89(s,3H),3.88(s,3H),2.56(br d,J=14.1 Hz,1H),2.15(m,1H),1.82(m,1H),1.71(qt,J=13.7,3.5 Hz,1H),1.69(m,1H),1.64-1.41(m,8H),1.40(d,J=7.2 Hz,3H),1.36(s,3H),1.25(ddd,J=13.3,13.3,3.5 Hz,1H),0.99(s,3H),0.95(s,3H)。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:356.24;元素分析計算--C23H32O3;C:77.49,H:9.05;found C:77.49,H:9.05。
步驟7:化合物(A7)之合成:於本發明中,化合物A7等同於化合物E。
於0℃下,於苯并呋喃A6(0.1g,.281 mmol)之THF(1.5 mL)溶液中添加nBuLi(2.5 M,於己烷中)。於此溫度下攪拌20分鐘後,添加硼酸三乙酯。將該混合物於室溫下攪拌1小時。添加NH4Cl水溶液,以EtOAc萃取水相,
以Na2SO4乾燥,並於減壓下揮發。.將殘留物以矽膠(8% EtOAc/己烷)而化合物A7(0.05g),產率50%,為白色固態消旋混合物:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ 6.83(s,1H),3.94(s,3H),3.92(s,3H),2.56-2.49(m,1H),1.56-1.52(m,4H),1.48(s,3H),1.37(s,3H),0.99(s,3H),0.96(d,3H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:400.24;元素分析計算--C23H33BO5;C:69.01,H:8.31,B:2.70;found C:69.10,H:8.20,B:2.50。
步驟8:化合物A之合成:將化合物A7之DCM溶液置於圓底燒瓶中,於-78℃下,緩慢地滴入BI3之DCM溶液。將該混合物於相同溫度下攪拌半小時,並緩慢地回溫至室溫。以TLC監測反應進程。以硫代硫酸鉀中和該反應混合物,萃取DCM溶液,並將有機層分離,以硫酸鈉乾燥,以真空濃縮。利用管柱層析以己烷/EtOAc為洗提液將該粗產物純化。1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ 6.83(s,1H),2.56-2.49(m,1H),1.56-1.52(m,4H),1.48(s,3H),1.37(s,3H),0.99(s,3H),0.96(d,3H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:372.211;元素分析計算--C21H29BO5;C:67.75,H:7.85,B:2.90;found C:67.65,H:7.61,B:2.30。
如前述化合物A之製備,於式I中所揭露之所有化合物均可以類似方法使用R1、R2、R3、及R4位置之不同取代基製備。詳細的反應條件係如下表所列:
化合物B:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.91(s,1H),3.18(m,1H),1.82(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(q,2H),1.45(m,2H),1.42(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(q,2H),1.34(d,3H),1.12(s,6H),ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:531.186;元素分析計算:C23H27BF6O7;C:54,35,H:5.31,B:2.10,F:22.44;found C:54.33,H:5.34,B:2.11,F:22.41。
化合物C:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(s,1H),3.18(m,1H),1.82(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.66(q,2H),1.49(m,2H)1.44(s,3H),1.48(t,2H),1.36(m,2H),1.34(d,3H)1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:499.215;元素分析計算:C23H27BF6O3;C:58.01,H:5.31,F:23.97,B:2.27;found C:58.06,H:5.34,F:23.99,B:2.25。
化合物D:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.20(s,1H),3.17(m,1H),2.35(s,6H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.43(s,3H),1.38(m,2H)1.34(d,3H)1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:391.215;元素分析計算:C23H33BO3;C:75.1,H:9.03,.B:2.94;found C:75.16,H:9.06,B:2.89。
化合物E:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.9(s,1H),3.73(s,6H),3.17(m,1H),1.82(t,2H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.43(s,3H),1.37(t,2H),1.34(d,3H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:423.25;元素分析計算:C23H33BO5;C:69.01,H:8.32,B:2.74;found C:69.05,H:8.33,B:2.77。
化合物F:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.1(s,1H),3.17(m,1H),2.59(q,4H),1.82(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H),1.24(t,6H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:419.29;元素分析計算:C25H37BO3;C:75.75,H:9.42,B:2.65;found C:75.72,
H:9.44,B:2.66。
化合物G:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.9(s,1H),5.90(s,2H),3.17(m,1H),1.82(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.42(t,2H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:407.21;元素分析計算:C22H29BO5;C:68.76,H:7.63,B:2.85;found C:68.77,H:7.65,B:2.84.
化合物H:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.67(s,1H),4.2(bs,2H).3.7(t,4H),3.17(m,1H)2.9(t,4H),1.86(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.46(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:463.28元素分析計算:C25H37BN2O4;C:68.16,H:8.43,B:2.44,N:6.46;found C:68.16,H:8.44,B:2.41。
化合物I:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.4(s,1H),4.15(bs,4H).3.17(m,1H),1.82(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.46(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:463.28元素分析計算:C21H31BN2O3;C:68.14,H:8.44,B:2.94,N:7.56;found C:68.14,H:8.42,N:7.55。
化合物J:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.8(s,1H),8.01(bs,2H),3.17(m,1H),2.06(s,6H),1.85(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.46(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:477.28元素分析計算:C25H35BN2O5;C:66.04,H:7.74,B:2.38,N:6.17;found C:66.02,H:7.74,B:2.36,N:6.16。
化合物K:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.4(s,1H),4.02(bs,2H),3.17(m,1H),2.78(d,6H),1.85(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.46(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質
量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:421.27元素分析計算:C23H35BN2O3;C:69.50,H:8.83,B:2.75,N:7.05;found C:69.51,H:8.82,B:2.77,N:7.04。
化合物L:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.56(s,1H),8.03(s,1H),5.07(bs,1H),3.17(m,1H),1.85(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.46(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:403.23元素分析計算:C22H29BN2O3;C:69.47,H:7.66,B:2.83,N:7.35;found C:69.47,H:7.65,B:2.82,N:7.33。
化合物M:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.8(s,1H),5.2(bs,2H),3.17(m,1H),1.85(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.46(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:553.16元素分析計算:C21H31BN2O9S2;C:47.55,H:5.88,B:2.05,N:5.24,S:12.09;found C:47.54,H:5.89,B:2.04,N:5.24,S:12.08。
化合物N:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.3(s,1H),3.17(m,1H),1.85(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.46(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:555.12元素分析計算:C21H29BO11S2;C:47.45,H:5.46,B:2.05,S:12.09;found C:47.44,H:5.45,B:2.06,S:12.1。
化合物O:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.8(s,1H),3.17(m,1H),1.85(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.46(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:658.96元素分析計算:C21H27BCl6O5Si2;C:39.45,H:4.25,B:1.66,Si:8.79,Cl:33.29;found C:39.44,H:4.25,B:1.68,Si:8.78,Cl:33.30。
化合物P:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.9(s,1H),5.89(m,2H),5.24(m,2H),5.23(m,2H)4.65(d,4H),3.17(m,1H),1.82(t,2H),1.71(m,
2H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.43(s,3H),1.37(t,2H),1.34(d,3H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:475.27;元素分析計算:C27H37BO5;C:71.69,H:8.29,B:2.34;found C:71.68,H:8.28,B:2.33。
化合物Q:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ8.2(s,1H),3.18(m,1H),1.82(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H)1.44(s,3H),1.48(t,2H),1.36(m,2H),1.34(d,3H)1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:453.19;元素分析計算:C21H27BN2O7;C:58.69,H:6.31,N:6.55.B:2.57;found C:58.69,H:6.33,N:6.54,B:2.56。
化合物R:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ8.1(s,1H),3.18(m,1H),1.82(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H)1.44(s,3H),1.48(t,2H),1.36(m,2H),1.34(d,3H)1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:313.21;元素分析計算:C23H27BN2O3;C:70.78 H:6.92,N:7.18.B:2.77;found C:70.77,H:6.92,N:7.16,B:2.78。
化合物S:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.4(s,1H),3.18(m,1H),1.82(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H)1.44(s,3H),1.48(t,2H),1.36(m,2H),1.34(d,3H)1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:399.21;元素分析計算:C21H27BF2O3;C:67.64 H:7.23,F:10.12.B:2.83;found C:67.65,H:7.22,F:10.12,B:2.84。
化合物T:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.2(s,1H),3.18(m,1H),1.82(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H)1.44(s,3H),1.48(t,2H),1.36(m,2H),1.34(d,3H)1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:431.143;元素分析計算:C21H27BCl2O3;C:61.64 H:6.56,Cl:17.33.B:2.65;found C:61.66,H:6.56,Cl:17.32,B:2.64。
化合物U:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.59(s,1H),9.1(s,
2H),8.03(s,1H),3.18(m,1H),1.78(t,1H),1.75(t,2H),1.64(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H)1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:394.226;元素分析計算:C21H30BNO4;C:67.95,H:8.14,N:3.77,B:2.91;found C:67.98,H:8.15,N:3.76,B:2.91。
化合物V:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)6.89(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),8.03(s,1H),2.94(m,1H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H)1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:401.188元素分析計算:C21H29BO4S;C:64.95,H:7.65,S:8.24,B:2.73;found C:64.96,H:7.66,S:8.23,B:2.72。
化合物W:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.54(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),3.34(s,2H),2.34(m,1H),1.53(t,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.46(t,2H),1.43(t,1H)1.41(m,2H),1.38(m,2H),1.26(s,3H)1.17(d,3H)1.12(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:393.236;元素分析計算--C22H31BO4;C:71.36,H:8.44,B:2.92;found C:71.36,H:8.43,B:2.93。
化合物X:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.59(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),3.62(s,3H),2.95(m,1H),1.78(t,1H),1.75(t,2H),1.64(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H)1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:408.242;元素分析計算:C22H32BNO4;C:68.59,H:8.34,N:3.65,B:2.81;found C:68.58,H:8.35,N:3.65,B:2.83。
化合物Y:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.7(s,1H),3.73(s,6H).3.62(s,3H),2.94(m,1H),1.78(t,1H),1.75(t,2H),1.64(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H)1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:436.27;元素分析計算:C24H36BNO4;C:69.73,H:8.76,N:3.38,B:2.64;found C:69.75,H:8.77,N:3.38,B:2.65。
化合物Z:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.9(s,1H),2.98(m,1H),2.21(m,1H),1.82(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H),1.01(d,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:423.242;元素分析計算:C23H33BO5;C:69.24,H:8.31,B:2.70;found C:69.26,H:8.35,B:2.72。
化合物AA:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.3(s,1H),3.18,(m,1H),2.08(s,6H),1.82(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.36(m,2H),1.34(d,3H)1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:479.236;元素分析計算:C25H33BO7;C:65.76 H:7.29,B:2.37;found C:65.77,H:7.30,B:2.38。
化合物AB:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.1(s,1H),8.01(bs,2H),10.1(bs,1H),2.94(m,1H),2.06(s,6H),1.85(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.61(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.46(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:476.28元素分析計算:C25H36BN3O4;C:66.24,H:8.04,B:2.38,N:9.17;found C:66.25,H:8.02,B:2.39,N:9.16。
化合物AC:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.66(s,1H),3.17(m,1H),2.83(s,12H),1.82(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.46(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.34(d,3H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:449.302元素分析計算:C25H39BN2O3;C:70.42,H:9.22,B:2.54,N:6.52;found C:70.43,H:9.21,B:2.55,N:6.53。
化合物AD::1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.85(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),2.75(t,3H),1.83(t,2H)1.78(t,1H),1.56(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:395.201;元素分析計算:C20H25BO6;C:64.55,H:6.83,B:2.91;found C:64.54,H:6.84,B:
2.92。
化合物AE:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),4.33(t,1H),1.89(m,2H)1.83(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:465.51;元素分析計算:C21H26BF3O6;C:57.05,H:5.91,B:2.39,F:12.89;found C:57.06,H:5.92,B:2.40,F:12.88。
化合物AF:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),3.83(t,1H),1.83(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:449.184;元素分析計算:C21H26BF3O5;C:59.18,H:6.15,B:2.59,F:13.35;found C:59.16,H:6.16,B:2.58,F:13.35。
化合物AG:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),4.13(m,1H),2.61(bs,2H),1.93(m,2H),1.83(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:396.206;元素分析計算:C20H28BNO5;C:64.36 H:7.56,B:2.9.N:3.75;found C:64.34,H:7.54,B:2.89,N:3.77。
化合物AH:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),4.76(m,1H),3.5(bs,1H),1.87(m,2H),1.83(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:397.20;元素分析計算:C20H27BO6;C:64.26 H:7.26,B:2.89;found C:64.25,H:7.24,B:2.88。
化合物AI:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),5.43(m,1H),2.25(s,3H),1.93(m,2H),1.83(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI
[M+Na]+:439.210;元素分析計算:C22H29BO7;C:63.26 H:7.02,B:2.62;found C:63.26,H:7.04,B:2.63。
化合物AJ:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),8.10(bs,1H),5.13(m,1H),2.15(s,3H),1.97(m,2H),1.83(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:438.214;元素分析計算:C22H30BNO6;C:63.64 H:7.28,O:23.26,B:2.60,N:3.35;found C:63.65,H:7.30,N:3.34。
化合物AK:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),4.13(m,1H),3.05(m,1H),2.45(d,3H),1.83(m,2H),1.82(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:410.21;Elemental anal.calcd for C21H30BNO5;C:65.15 H:7.84,B:2.76,N:3.96;found C:65.14,H:7.85,B:2.76,N:3.95。
化合物AL:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),4.13(m,1H),3.05(m,1H),2.25(d,6H),1.82(t,2H),1.80(m,2H)1.78(t,1H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:424.235;Elemental anal.calcd for C22H32BNO5;C:65.85 H:8.05,B:2.68,N:3.49;found C:65.82,H:8.02,B:2.67,N:3.51。
化合物AM:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),6.47(d,1H),5.03(t,1H),4.18(dd,1H),4.04(dd,1H),2.05(m,2H,1.83(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:423.26;元素分析計算:C22H29BO6;C:66.21 H:7.35,B:2.69;found C:66.23,H:7.36,B:2.68。
化合物AN:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),4.13(t,1H),2.24(d,4H),1.82(t,2H),1.80(m,2H)1.78(t,1H),1.50(m,
6H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:464.235;Elemental anal.calcd for C25H36BNO5;C:68.05 H:8.25,B:2.48,N:3.19;found C:68.10,H:8.22,B:2.47,N:3.21。
化合物AO:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),4.13(t,1H),3.65(t,4H)2.34(d,4H),1.82(t,2H),1.80(m,2H)1.78(t,1H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:466.35;Elemental anal.calcd for C24H34BNO6;C:65.08 H:7.69,B:2.24,N:3.17;found C:65.09 H:7.71,B:2.25,N:3.18。
化合物AP:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),4.13(t,1H),2.4(q,4H),1.82(t,2H),1.80(m,2H)1.78(t,1H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H),1.05(t,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:452.28;Elemental anal.calcd for C24H36BNO5;C:67.18 H:8.49,B:2.51,N:3.28;found C:67.19,H:8.47,B:2.53,N:3.27。
化合物AQ:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.76(s,1H),9.1(s,2H)3.89(t,1H),2.08(m,2H)1.83(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:409.34;元素分析計算:C21H27BO6;C:65.37,H:7.08,B:2.91;found C:65.36,H:7.09,B:2.92。
化合物AR:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H)2.93(m,1H),1.83(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H)1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H),0.59(m,1H),0.34(m,4H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:409.34;元素分析計算:C21H27BO6;C:65.37,H:7.08,B:2.91;found C;65.34,H:7.09,B:2.92。
化合物AS:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.3-7.5(m,5H),6.83
(s,1H),6.59(d,1H)9.1(s,2H)2.8(m,1H),1.83(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H)1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:484.23;元素分析計算:C27H32BNO5;C:70.81,H:6.72,B:2.31,N 3.04;found C:70.84,H:6.73,B:2.32,N:3.06。
化合物AT:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.05(dd,2H),6.83(s,1H),6.59(t,1H),6.43(d,2H)9.1(s,2H),3.48(t,2H),3.28(m,1H),1.83(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H)1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:486.253;元素分析計算:C27H34BNO5;C:70.01,H:7.43,B:2.32,N 3.04;found C:70.06,H:7.44,B:2.35,N:3.06。
化合物AU:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),5.62(d,1H),4.98(d,1H),2.23(t,2H),1.83(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.71(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.41(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:393.17;元素分析計算:C21H27BO5C:68.17,H:7.38,B:2.91;found C:68.16,H:7.35,B:2.94。
化合物AV:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),10.05(bs,1H),2.73(m,1H),1.73(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.63(m,2H)1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H),0.59(m,1H),0.34(m,4H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:420.24;元素分析計算:C23H32BNO4;C:69.57,H:8.18,B:2.71,N:3.56;found C:69.55,H:8.13,B:2.71,N:3.58。
化合物AW:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),2.74(m,1H),1.73(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.63(m,2H)1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H),0.59(m,1H),0.34(m,4H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:437.02;元素分析計算:C23H31BO4S;C:66.57,H:
7.58,B:2.61,S:7.78;found C:66.55,H:7.59,B:2.62,S:7.77。
化合物AX:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ6.83(s,1H),9.1(s,2H),10.1(bs,1H),3.53(t,1H),1.83(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.64(m,2H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:448.194;元素分析計算:C21H27BF3O4N;C:59.38,H:6.45,B:2.59,F:13.40,N:3.29;found C:59.34,H:6.43,B:2.58,F:13.41,N:3.28。
化合物AY:1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ7.95(d,2H),7.47(t,1H),7.37(dd,2H),6.83(s,1H),9.1(bs,2H),5.48(t,1H),2.16(m,2H),1.83(t,2H),1.78(t,1H),1.49(m,2H),1.48(t,2H),1.44(s,3H),1.38(m,2H),1.11(s,6H)ppm。質量(Mass):ESI[M+Na]+:501.218;元素分析計算:C27H31BO7;C:67.71,H:6.59,B:2.26;found C:67.74,H:6.58,B:2.26。
化合物AZ:步驟1至7係參考文獻Pereira A. R.; Strangman, W. K.; Marion, F.; Feldberg, L.; Roll, D.; Mallon, R.; Hollander, I.; Andersen, R. J. J. Med. Chem. 2010, 53, 8523。
步驟1:化合物13(2-羥基-4,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛)之合成:於0℃下,於3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲醛(5g,25.510 mmol)之CH2Cl2(125 ml)溶液中添加BBr3(6.39 g,25.510 mmol)。將所得暗色混合物於次溫下攪拌9小時。注入水(100 mL),並將該混合物攪拌10分鐘,以CH2Cl2萃取該水相。以Na2SO4乾燥有機相,並於減壓下揮發。以二氯甲烷為洗提液,藉由矽膠管柱層析純化所得殘留物而得2-羥基-4,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛(化合物13)(4.3g,87%),分離呈黃色固體。Mp 105-107℃;1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ 11.40(br.s,1H),9.70(s,1H),6.91(s,1H),6.48(s,1H),3.94(s,3H),3.88(s,3H)ppm.13C NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz):194.0,159.3,157.3,142.9,113.3,112.9,100.1,56.4,56.3.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+計算:C9H10O4+H+ 183.0657;Found
183.0653。
步驟2:化合物13(4,5-二甲氧基-2-(甲氧基甲氧基)苯甲醛)之合成:將化合物5(1g,5.49 mmol)之無水CH2Cl2溶液於氮氣下冷卻至0℃,添加二異丙基乙胺(DIPEA)(1.77g,13.736 mmol)及MOMCl(0.66g,8.241 mmol)。將該反應混合物於室溫下攪拌1小時。反應完成後,加入水並以二氯甲烷萃取。以鹵水洗滌該有機萃取物、以無水Na2SO4乾燥、並於減壓下揮發,所得產物14(2.15g,98%)為無色液體,無須純化即可用於後續反應。1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ 10.34(s,1H),7.30(s,1H),6.77(s,1H),5.26(s,2H),3.95(s,3H),3.88(s,3H),3.54(s,3H)ppm.13C NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz):188.0,156.4,155.5,144.4,118.1,108.2,99.9,95.4,56.4,56.2,56.1.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+計算:C11H14O5+H+ 227.0919;Found 227.0897。
步驟3:化合物15(4,5-二甲氧基-2-(甲氧基甲氧基)苯甲醇)之合成:將化合物14(1g,4.423 mmol)及氫氧化鈉(0.177g,4.423 mmol)之MeOH溶液置入圓底燒瓶,加入NaBH4(0.25g,6.635 mmol)。將該反應混合物於室溫下攪拌半小時。於減壓下濃縮該反應混合物以去除MeOH,加入水並以乙酸乙酯萃取、以鹵水洗滌、以無水Na2SO4乾燥、並於減壓下揮發,而得無色液體之化合物15(0.99g,98%),所得產物無須純化即可用於後續反應。1H NMR(200 MHz,CDCl3):δ 6.86(s,1H),6.75(s,1H),5.16(s,2H),4.65-4.62(d,J=5.29 Hz,2H),3.87(s,3H),3.86(s,3H),3.52(s,3H)ppm.13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):149.15,149.0,144.1,122.1,112.56,101.3,96.0,60.7,56.3,56.1,55.9.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+Na]+計算:C11H16O5+Na+ 251.0896;Found 251.0874。
步驟4:化合物16(2-羥基-4,5-二甲氧基芐基)磷酸三苯酯溴化氫鹽)之合成:於室溫下,於化合物15(1g,4.384 mmol)之乙腈溶液中添加
PPh3HBr(1.8g,5.260 mmol)並迴流約2小時。反應完成後,於減壓下移除溶劑並以醚洗滌,而得化合物16(1.69g,90%),為白色非晶形固體。Mp 240-242℃;1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ 8.62(br.s,1H,),7.75-7.71(m,3H),7.60-7.52(m,12H),7.03(s,1H),6.44-6.43(d,J=12.8 Hz,1H),4.48-4.45(d,J=12 Hz,2H),3.69(s,3H),3.48(s,3H)ppm.13CNMR(CDCl3,125 MHz):134.7,134.7,134.3,130.0,129.9,113.9,113.90,101.9,101.9,56.3,55.9,25.3,24.8.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M]+計算:C27H26O3P 429.1620(-HBr);Found 429.1615(-HBr).
步驟5:化合物18之合成:於裝有磁石攪拌子之錐形瓶中,將起始材料--於NaOH之3-(2,6,6-三甲基環己-1烯基)丙酸17g(425.001 mmol)溶解於水而得70 ml溶液。接著以冰浴將該鹼性溶液冷卻,並添加溴17g(106.25 mmol)至該溶液中,攪拌1小時,再滴入於10 ml二噁烷中之4.5g(23.19 mmol)之二氫-β-紫羅蘭酮17至該溶液中,繼續於室溫下攪拌4小時。以10%亞硫酸氫鈉中和過量的次溴酸鹽,並以二乙醚萃取以移除剩餘雜質。於一般條件下,以鹽酸將該鹼性溶液酸化,而得化合物18(4.1g,90.1%),為無色液體。1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz):δ 2.44-2.39(m,2H),2.37-2.31(m,2H),1.93-1.89(t,J=8Hz,2H),1.61(s,3H),1.58-1.54(s,2H),1.44-1.41(m,2H),1.00(s,6H).13CNMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):180.3,135.4,128.5,39.7,34.9,34.7(複數合併波峰),28.4,23.5,19.6,19.4.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+計算:C12H20O2+H+ 197.1541;Found 197.1530。
步驟6:化合物19(5,6-二甲氧基-2-(2-(2,6,6-三甲基環己-1-烯基)乙基)苯并呋喃)之合成:將乾燥DCM中之該中間產物16(2g,4.651 mmol)與二氫-β-紫羅蘭酸(dihydro-β-ionicacid)18(0.91g,4.65mmol)置於圓底燒瓶中,於乾燥條件下冷卻至0℃。添加DCC(2.87g,13.953 mmol)及DMAP(0.56g,4.651 mmol),並於室溫下攪拌18小時。於減壓下揮發DCM,將該
粗反應混合物溶解於THF,添加三乙基胺並迴流3小時。於減壓下揮發THF並以5%乙酸乙酯:己烷進行管柱層析純化,而得化合物19(1.42g,93%),為無色之油。1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3):δ 6.93(s,1H),6.85(s,1H),6.20(d,J=0.6 Hz,1H),3.81(d,6H),2.70-2.66(m,2H),2.34-2.30(m,2H),1.87-1.85(t,J=6.1 Hz,2H),1.58(s,3H),1.54-1.44(m,2H),1.51-1.49(m,2H),0.96(s,6H).13CNMR(CDCl3,100 MHz):158.8,149.1,146.9,146.1,136.2,128.1,102.7,101.0,95.3,56.4,56.2,39.7(複數合併波峰),35.0,32.7,29.3,28.5,27.2,19.8,19.4(合併波峰).HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+計算:C21H28O3+H+ 329.2117;Found 329.2099。
步驟7:化合物20之合成:將化合物19(1g,3.049 mmol)於2-硝基丙烷之溶液冷卻至78℃,於惰氣氛圍下添加氯磺酸(1.06 g,9.146 mmol)。將該反應混合物攪拌30分鐘。接著以NaHCO3淬火並以乙酸乙酯萃取。將有機層以Na2SO4乾燥並於減壓下揮發,以5%乙酸乙酯:己烷藉由管柱層析純化而得化合物20(0.9g,90%產率),為無色之油。1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.00(s,1H),6.97(s,1H),3.91(s,3H),3.89(s,3H),2.79-2.74(m,1H),2.72-2.65(m,1H),2.42(d,J=13.0 Hz,1H),2.06-1.91(m,2H),1.87-1.76(m,2H),1.50-1.63(m,2H),1.45-1.39(m,2H),1.31(s,3H),0.97(s,3H),0.95(s,3H).13CNMR(CDCl3,125 MHz):151.2,149.2,146.4,145.4,124.3,118.8,102.4,95.5,56.6,56.2,52.6,41.8,37.6,35.9,33.5,33.1,24.9,21.8,21.3(合併波峰),18.8.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+計算:C21H28O3+H+ 329.2117;Found 329.2105,[M+Na]+ calcd for C21H28O3+Na+ 351.1936;Found 351.1931。
步驟8:化合物21之合成:將化合物20(1g,3.048 mmol)之乾燥THF之溶液於乾燥條件下冷卻至0℃。添加n-BuLi(0.195g,3.048 mmol),
並將反應混合物攪拌20分鐘,加入硼酸三乙酯(0.45g,3.048 mmol)並於室溫下繼續攪拌1小時。以氯化銨溶液淬火並以乙酸乙酯萃取。於減壓下濃縮,並以6%乙酸乙酯:己烷藉由管柱層析純化而得化合物21(1.043g,92%),為無色液體。1H NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ 7.18(s,1H),6.83(s,2H),3.96(s,3H),3.93(s,3H),2.80-2.73(m,2H),2.42(d,J=12.0 Hz,1H),2.03(m,2H,合併訊號),1.89-1.76(m,2H),1.73-1.66(m,2H),1.45-1.40(m,2H),1.32(s,3H),0.99(s,3H),0.96(s,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)153.0,152.9,151.0,148.4,124.3,122.4,107.1,61.9,56.7,52.7,41.8,36.1,33.5,33.2(合併波峰),25.1,21.9,21.4,18.9,18.8.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+計算:C21H29BO5+H+ 372.2217;Found 372.2231.
步驟9:化合物22之合成:於乾燥氯化銨之(0.5g,4.301 mmol)溶液中,注入5 ml之二氯甲烷,接著分小量添加結晶化硫脲(0.245g,3.225 mmol)並攪拌20分鐘。該反應混合物變成透明油狀溶液。接著將化合物21(0.1g,0.268 mmol)溶解於二氯甲烷,並以5分鐘時程加入,於室溫下攪拌2小時。以冰淬火而移除過量AlCl3,並以二氯甲烷萃取,接著以15%乙酸乙酯:己烷藉由管柱層析純化而得化合物22(0.077g,85%產率),為無色液體。1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3):δ 7.10(s,1H),6.74(s,1H),6.48(br.s,1H),3.94(s,2H),2.80-2.71(m,2H),2.39(d,J=10 Hz,1H),2.20-2.03(m,2H),1.80-1.70(m,2H),1.54-1.51(m,2H),1.44-1.37(m,2H),1.30(s,3H),0.98(s,3H),0.95(s,3H).13C NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz):153.4,151.1,147.9,142.9,124.3,118.1,114.1,105.1,52.6,41.8,37.7,36.0,33.5,29.5,25.0,21.9,21.4,18.9,18.8;HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+]:計算:C19H25BO5 344.1795;Found 344.1761。
MTT分析(參考文獻Legrier ME, Yang CP, Yan HG et al. Targeting protein translation in human non small lung cancer via combined MEK and mammalian target of rapamycin suppression. Cancer Res 67: 11300-8(2007))係有用於測量廣範圍化合物對於無論是正常細胞株或癌細胞株之體外生長之效果。此分析係於96孔平底聚苯乙烯微量盤中進行。於每孔中,將3-5000個細胞懸浮於適當培養基,該等細胞係以二重複孔(較佳為三重複)進行。較佳係於添加藥物或標的試劑前,將細胞添加於所需數量孔中。將細胞添加至該平盤後,置於培養箱中進行隔夜培養,並準備待測試劑。隔夜培養後,將預設濃度之藥物或待測化合物添加至各組三重複孔中,並於CO2培養箱中培養48小時。多數化合物係溶解於二甲基亞碸(DMSO)中以進行添加。培養48小時後,將以等體積組織培養基稀釋之MTT原液(2.5μg/ml),以多爪式微量分注吸管直接於每孔添加20 μl之稀釋液。如貼附細胞之方法,將該平盤放回該培養箱培養至少4小時。培養4小時後,於環境溫度下以1000g離心該平盤10分鐘,接著將該平盤翻轉,吸除過量的培養基。加入150 μl之操作用DMSO以使MTT甲贊(formazan)產物為可溶。使用具有跨可見光譜之可調整波長之標準微量平盤讀取儀。由各組三重複所測得之570 nm之OD值可反應出待測試劑之特定濃度,接著移轉至電子數據表格程式。
結果:以化合物A及化合物E作為測試材料,以癌細胞株之平台進行基於MTT之細胞毒殺試驗。為了測定化合物A及化合物E對細胞增殖之效力,及相關的IC50之值,以預定濃度(0.01、0.1、1、10 μM)之化合物A及化合物E處理MCF-7、caco-2及HCT-115達48小時。於此試驗中,化合物A及化合物E對細胞增殖產生濃度依存性抑制作用。於MTT為基礎之細胞增殖之抑制作用,以細胞計算為基礎之IC50之值為:化合物A
對乳癌細胞株(MCF-7)及結腸癌細胞株(caco-2)分別為2.6 μM及2.4 μM,而化合物E對結腸癌細胞株(caco-2、HCT-115)及乳癌細胞株(MCF-7)則分別為5.6、3.7及3.1 μM(第3圖)。該等結果顯示,化合物A及化合物E兩者均展示了抗結腸細胞增殖之更強效力,如相應IC50之值所反映,整體而言對結腸癌有效。
PI3K抑制試驗(參考文獻Emmanuelle M, Huang Y, Yan HG et al. Targeting Protein Translation in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Combined MEK and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Suppression. Cancer Res 67:(23). (2007))係以PI3激酶活性/抑制劑分析套組進行,其中,PI3激酶反應係於針對抑制劑反應之經穀胱甘肽塗佈之條帶/平板上進行。於添加PIP2受質前,將激酶與抑制劑預培養10分鐘。將5μL之5X激酶反應緩衝劑加入各孔,接著添加5μL/每孔之PIP2受質。接著於每孔中加入蒸餾水,使終體積為25μL/孔。於室溫下培養1小時,接著,以每孔200μL之1X TBST洗滌三次、及每孔200 μL之1X TBS洗滌兩次。接著以每孔100μL之量加入受質TMB,並置於黑暗中5-20分鐘以呈色。然而,為了避免過度呈色之藍色外觀,須進行監測。利用每孔100μL之停止溶液終止該反應。以450nm讀取並記錄結果。
結果:藥物之IC50之值可測量一化合物於抑制生物功能或生化功能之效力。基於IC50之值,藥物分子可被分成低、活性、或高度活性。以IC50之值為基礎之酶測定有助於藥物活性之早期分析及評估,以限縮可進一步實驗之候選藥物。用於本測試之立費萜、化合物A及化合物E,係於不同濃度下(即分別為20、40、80、160、320及640 nM)以劑量依存性之方式抑制PI3Kα酶活性。又,立費萜、化合物A及化合物E之拮抗PI3Kα之IC50
值分別為108、140及102 nM,且亦測得化合物A拮抗PI3Kβ之IC50值為100 nM(第4、5圖)。此方法不但強化原本特定的癌症藥物發掘程序,更能節省時間及所需資源。
細胞族群複製狀態之分析(參考文獻Waxman DJ, Schwartz PS, Harnessing apoptosis for improved anti-cancer gene therapy, Cancer Res. 63:8563-8572(2003))可藉由對懸浮液中的細胞核進行螢光標記,並分析族群中各細胞的螢光性質而達成。本實驗係以人類結腸癌細胞株caco-2進行。將細胞以3x105細胞/ml/孔之濃度種於6孔平盤中。將平盤於CO2培養箱中培養隔夜。於隔夜培養後,將帶測樣本以預定濃度加入(略過陰性對照組及陽性對照組之孔),並培養24小時。培養24小時後,以胰蛋白酶處理細胞及待測樣本,以微量吸管自各孔萃取樣本並分別移轉至15 ml離心管中,以3000 rpm離心5分鐘。移除上清液,將沈澱物以1 ml經過濾之PBS重新溶散,以2000 rpm離心5分鐘。5分鐘後,移除上清液,將沈澱物以70%乙醇重新溶散。置於4℃至少1小時以固定細胞(於PI染色及流式細胞儀分析前,細胞亦可保存於70%乙醇於-20℃下數週)。將細胞再度以2000 rpm離心5分鐘,並以經過濾之PBS藉由2000 rpm離心5分鐘之方式洗滌兩次。移除上清液,將離心管倒置於紙巾上,直到所有上清液被紙巾吸除。於暗處將1 ml之細胞週期試劑(CCR)加入所得各管中。以流式細胞儀(BD Biosciences)進行讀取。
結果:細胞週期係指一個細胞的生命週期。細胞週期之各階段,即G1(間期(Gap)1)、S、G2(間期2)及M(有絲分裂),均具有會發生於各自階段中之特定事件。最廣受歡迎的流式細胞儀應用中的兩種為測量細胞DNA含量與分析細胞週期,其為細胞存活之基礎流程。於本試驗中,利用結腸癌細胞株(caco-2)評估化合物E對DNA含量(藉由細胞週期階段之分佈)之效力。除了測量相對細胞DNA含量之外,流式細胞儀亦可鑑定細胞於不同階段之細胞週期之分佈。將暴露於不同濃度之化合物E之細胞(2x106/ml/6孔平盤)以碘化丙啶(PI)染色以測定DNA螢光及細胞週期之相分佈。經1、5、7、及9 μM之化合物E處理24小時之sub-G0細胞之比例分別為62.5%、64.3%、65.6%、及70.2%。於類似條件下,經立費萜處理之培養物顯示了64.9%之細胞處於sub-G0相。又,位於G2/M階段之細胞週期不會被影響,此暗示了化合物E並未妨礙有絲分裂或造成細胞週期遲延。整體而言,於處理24小時後,濃度增加之各處理組係造成sub-G0之增加。顯然,化合物E誘發了早期細胞週期休止且其具有濃度依存性(第6圖)。
細胞死亡狀態可利用Annexin-V(參考文獻Yunqing Li, FadilaGuessous,SherwinKwon,Manish Kumar. PTEN Has Tumor-Promoting Properties in the Setting of Gain-of-Function p53 Mutations,2008Cancer Res; 68: (6)(2008))流式細胞儀分析。本實驗以人類結腸癌細胞株caco-2進行。將細胞以2x105細胞/ml/孔之濃度種於6孔平盤中。將平盤於CO2培養箱中培養隔夜。於隔夜培養後,將帶測樣本以預定濃度加入(略過陰性對照組及陽性對照組之孔),並培養48小時。培養48小時後,以胰蛋白酶處理細胞,並分別移轉至15 ml離心管中,以3000 rpm離心5分鐘。移除上清液,
將沈澱物以400ml之1X結合緩衝劑重新溶散以製備細胞懸浮液。由此懸浮液中取100μl之細胞移轉至離心管(falcon tube)中,並加入10μl之碘化丙啶(PI)及5μl之Annexin-V抗體,於暗處培養30分鐘。之後以流式細胞儀(BD Biosciences)進行讀取。
結果:於本實驗中,經1、5、7、及9 μM之化合物E處理48小時之晚期凋亡之細胞所佔百分比分別為36.3%、34.8%、38.5%、及56.8%。於類似條件下,經立費萜處理之培養物顯示42.7%之細胞於晚期凋亡階段。反之,發現早期凋亡階段之細胞族群則降至21.9%、23.4%、21.4%、及14.7%。又,細胞族群中並未有太多處於壞死階段(necrotic phase),此暗示了化合物E處理並未產生任何早期凋亡及壞死。整體而言,晚期凋亡細胞族群呈濃度依存性淨增加(net increase)(第7圖)。
針對免疫螢光顯微鏡分析,在實驗前一天,於六孔平盤中,將4×104 CACO-2細胞/ml種於18-mm蓋玻片上。細胞於無血清(serum starved)下培養隔夜,並分別以4μM立費萜及3μM化合物E處理24小時。處理後,以PBS洗滌細胞,於無水甲醇中在-20℃下固定5分鐘。於室溫下,將經固定之細胞以10%山羊血清於PBS中作用20分鐘,以消除非專一性鍵結之二次抗體。於保濕箱中,將細胞與多株兔pAKT(serine 473)初級抗體(於PBS中,對0.5%之BSA為1:100,購自Santa Cruz Biotechnology)於25℃共培養1小時,洗滌,並與二次抗體共培養。洗滌該細胞,並與帶有德州紅之山羊之抗兔子抗體(於PBS中,對0.5%之BSA為1:500,購自Santa Cruz Biotechnology)於25℃共培養45分鐘。將該蓋玻片置於帶有含4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚之ProLong Gold Antifade封片膠(Invitrogen)之玻片上,並以螢光顯微鏡(Olympus,IX81)於油浸物鏡Olympus 60x下觀察。亦採用陰性對照組,
係以細胞與初級抗體培養,詳細步驟略。
結果:Akt之磷酸化(活化)係關於保護細胞免於凋亡(參考文獻K. Nicholson, N. Anderson. 2002. The protein kinase B/Akt signaling pathway in human malignancy. Cell signal 14: 381-395)。本實驗顯示,分別以4μM立費萜及3μM化合物E處理24小時之CACO-2細胞會造成pAkt(Ser 473)之抑制作用。Akt之抑制作用隨之造成細胞凋亡。未處理之細胞則顯示於其細胞質中存有pAKT(第8圖)。
導入硼酸官能基之優點:近來,立費萜之合成類似物(參考文獻Alban R. Pereira, Wendy K. Strangman, Synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitory analogues of the sponge meroterpenoid Liphagal; J. Med. Chem., 2010, 53 (24), pp 8523-8533)報告了66 nM之IC50之值及對於PI3K-α之選擇性,建議了此類似物具有較佳之化學結構安定性,並展現了以此骨架建構先導前臨床候選藥物之可能性。作為本發明人持續進行之研發具異構物選擇性之PI3K抑制劑計劃之一部分,本發明人有意進行以此經修飾之結構為基礎之化合物製備,並提供此分子所展現之生物學活性之證據。據此,本發明人致力於並計畫以硼酸替換醛(aldehyde)官能基。又,於立費萜之芳香環之14-甲醯基-15,16-二羥基取代基模式為達到奈米莫耳效力(nanomolar potency)所必須。亦證實缺乏C-14甲醯基顯然會使該立費烷雜環環系不安定,使其對於空氣氧化作用及B環縮合相關之骨架重組較敏感。此證據顯示帶有縮合B環至六員之C-8去甲基類似物必定負責該活性,符合上述假設。故,於C-14位置之甲醯基之取代,本發明人設計一縮合之B環類似物且不具有甲醯基官能基,而於此處具有一硼酸,預設此類似物可提供更堅固之結構。又,以硼酸取代醛可避免相關缺點。又,硼能夠生物
模擬碳,並能與活性位置之絲胺酸或組胺酸殘基形成共價加成物(參考文獻(a) Adams, J. A.; Behnke, M.; Chen, S.; Cruichshank, A. A.; Dick, L. R.; Grenier, L.; Klunder, J. M.; Ma, Y. T.; Plamondon, L.; Stein, R. L. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1998, 98, 333. (b) Paramore, A.; Frantz, S. Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery 2003, 2, 611)。
針對硼所扮演的角色,帶有硼酸之立費萜化合物之重要性係體現於作為潛在PI3K抑制劑。此帶有硼酸之立費萜化合物PI3K之電腦模擬嵌合作用顯示,其與關鍵胺基酸的氫鍵交互作用優異,該等關鍵胺基酸亦曾被報告過可作為與PI3K-α之p110α活性位置抑制作用相關之關鍵胺基酸,具有改良之活性反應分數-8.08,優於1及2.12。亦檢驗了硼酸作為PI3K抑制劑之生物學潛力,其顯示了PI3K-α異構物選擇性,以及,化合物之一(即化合物-AZ)之優良抑制活性(IC50:23 nM)。
Claims (19)
- 一種具有通式I之化合物及其醫藥上可接受之鹽類:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,該通式I之化合物係下列結構式所示之式A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J、K、L、M、N、O、P、Q、R、S、T、U、V、W、X、Y、Z、AA、AB、AC、AD、AE、AF、AG、AH、AI、AJ、AK、AL、AM、AN、AO、AP、AQ、AR、AS、AT、AU、AV、AW、AX、AY及AZ:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,係用作癌症治療之PI3K-α或β異構物之專一性抑制劑。
- 一種製備具有通式I之化合物及其醫藥上可接受之鹽類之方法,
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中,該步驟(i)及(v)之醚類溶劑係選自由四氫呋喃、二氯甲烷、二乙基醚、二異丙基醚、及異丙基醚所成群組之一種或多種。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中,該步驟(i)之鹼類係選自由四甲基乙二胺、三乙基胺、三甲基胺、及二異丙基乙胺所成群組之一種或多種。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中,步驟(i)之反應係於-78℃至35℃之溫度下進行5至10分鐘。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中,步驟(ii)之反應係於0-5℃之溫度下進行1至2小時。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中,於步驟(iii)及(v)中,該與水不相融之溶劑係選自由乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、醚、或氯仿所成群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中,步驟(iv)之反應係於-78℃-35℃之溫度下進行1至3小時。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中,由步驟(v)所得通式1之化合物係轉換成一醫藥上可接受之鹽類。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項之方法,其中,將該通式1之化合物轉換成一醫藥上可接受之鹽類之方法係包括:將該通式1之化合物與一鹼類以1:1之比例於水中混合,其中該鹼類係選自由氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、氫氧化銨所成群組,攪拌該反應混合物達1-2小時,接著乾燥以獲得該通式1化合物之醫藥上可接受之鹽類。
- 一種醫藥組成物,包括式1之化合物,及視需要之醫藥上可接受之載體、鹽類、賦形劑、或稀釋劑。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項之醫藥組成物,其中,該醫藥上可接受之載體係選自由水、緩衝生理食鹽水、乙二醇、甘油、橄欖油、及微脂體所成群組之一種或多種。
- 一種藉由PI3K-α或β異構物之專一性抑制作用之治療癌症之方法,其係使用通式1之化合物:
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中,該通式1之化合物之劑量範圍為20mg/kg至100mg/kg。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中,對於拮抗結腸癌細胞株及乳癌細胞株之體外測試活性,該代表性化合物A具有GI50濃度範圍為2.4μM-2.6μM。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中,該代表性化合物A於濃度為10 μM時,係展現>74%之人類癌細胞株之最適化生長抑制作用。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中,對於拮抗結腸癌細胞株之體外測試活性,該代表性化合物E係增加sub-G1/G0細胞群、展現濃度依存性之於G1/G0細胞群之生長休止、以及結腸癌細胞株之晚期細胞凋亡。
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CA2867452A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
JP2015514701A (ja) | 2015-05-21 |
CN104395325B (zh) | 2016-12-07 |
EP2828269A1 (en) | 2015-01-28 |
US20150051173A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
WO2013140417A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
WO2013140417A4 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
TWI577687B (zh) | 2017-04-11 |
JP6126197B2 (ja) | 2017-05-10 |
IN2012DE00794A (zh) | 2015-08-21 |
EP2828269B1 (en) | 2018-05-16 |
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