TW201340026A - System and method for management of electric power consumption - Google Patents
System and method for management of electric power consumption Download PDFInfo
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- TW201340026A TW201340026A TW101150588A TW101150588A TW201340026A TW 201340026 A TW201340026 A TW 201340026A TW 101150588 A TW101150588 A TW 101150588A TW 101150588 A TW101150588 A TW 101150588A TW 201340026 A TW201340026 A TW 201340026A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
- H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本發明係關於從電力網路消耗電力的管理,更具體地,係關於管理為電動車輛充電之電動車輛供電系統的運作。 The present invention relates to the management of power consumption from a power network, and more particularly to the operation of an electric vehicle power supply system that manages charging of electric vehicles.
電力公用事業一般都有要求控制電力頻率在嚴格限制內的管理義務。例如,如「電力供應條例」(電力供應條例1988年,第1057號,第VI部,第30條,第2項)所規定,要求英國國家輸電網必須控制頻率在額定系統頻率(50.00Hz)的約±1%之範圍內。因此,公用事業通常會確保受控的充分發電和/或電力需求,從而管理可能會導致頻率變化的所有可能狀況。 Electric utilities generally have a management obligation to control the frequency of electricity within strict limits. For example, as required by the Electricity Supply Ordinance (Power Supply Regulations 1988, No. 1057, Part VI, Article 30, Item 2), the British National Transmission Network must be controlled at a rated system frequency (50.00 Hz). Within about ±1% of the range. As a result, utilities typically ensure controlled full power generation and/or power demand to manage all possible conditions that can cause frequency changes.
由於電力難以儲存,瞬間發電量通常相匹配於需求量(即,從系統中被提取的電力)。如果瞬間需求量高於發電量,系統頻率可能會下降。反之,如果瞬時發電量高於需求量,頻率可能會上升。因此,系統頻率在基礎頻率-50或60 Hz附近變化。 Since power is difficult to store, the instantaneous amount of power generation is usually matched to the demand (ie, the power drawn from the system). If the instantaneous demand is higher than the power generation, the system frequency may drop. Conversely, if the instantaneous power generation is higher than the demand, the frequency may rise. Therefore, the system frequency varies around the fundamental frequency of -50 or 60 Hz.
目前有幾種類型的負載平衡技術用於管理和控制電力網路/輸電網上的負載。這些技術可綱要性地歸類為發電管理技術和需求管理技術。 There are currently several types of load balancing techniques for managing and controlling the load on the power/transmission grid. These technologies can be classified as power generation management technology and demand management technology.
發電管理是一持續服務,被提供來管理和控制一電力輸電網/網路平衡狀態。電力公用事業或區域營運商遵循負載(需求)。當需求增加時營運商增加更多發電功率,在需求減少時發電功率也隨而降低。發電管理通常是透過利用具備在短時間間隔內產生額外電力之能力的備轉容量(operating reserve)來達成。在一台發電機停止運作的情形時,以及如果電力供應中斷,備轉容量可用於滿足需求。備轉容量通常包括幾種類型的發電 服務,能夠在數秒鐘至數十分鐘之間的時間尺度對輸電網負載平衡狀態的變化作出反應。例如,一備轉容量可能包括一個熱機備轉容量(spinning reserve)、非熱機或補充備轉容量、調節備轉容量、及替代備轉容量(也被稱為應急備轉容量)。 Power generation management is a continuous service that is provided to manage and control a power grid/network balance. Electric utilities or regional operators follow the load (demand). When demand increases, operators increase more power generation, and as power demand decreases, power generation also decreases. Power generation management is usually achieved by utilizing an operating reserve with the ability to generate additional power over short time intervals. In the event that a generator ceases to operate, and if the power supply is interrupted, the reserve capacity can be used to meet demand. The reserve capacity usually includes several types of power generation The service is capable of responding to changes in the load balancing state of the transmission grid on a time scale between seconds and tens of minutes. For example, a backup capacity may include a heat reserve reserve, non-heater or supplemental reserve capacity, adjusted standby capacity, and an alternate standby capacity (also known as emergency standby capacity).
需求管理技術允許控制從電力輸電網消耗電力的速率。需求管理技術藉由將電力消耗的需求從峰值時間轉移到更早或更晚的時間以用於平坦化輸電網上的負載。這是通過例如利用價格信令,以勸阻尖峰時段的高電力需求。不連續需求管理技術利用在輸電網負載大幅不平衡(例如,如果緊急情況發生)的情況下自動斷開用戶的能力。不連續負載平衡技術通常關聯於一非常快的小於數秒的響應時間(例如,200毫秒)。世界上大多數大電力消耗者(如消耗超過3-5百萬伏安的大工廠),如果他們同意在他們的主要饋電線路安裝不連續負載均衡裝置,則享有電力折扣。 Demand management techniques allow control of the rate at which electricity is consumed from the power transmission grid. Demand management techniques are used to flatten the load on the transmission grid by shifting the demand for power consumption from peak time to an earlier or later time. This is done by, for example, using price signaling to discourage high power demand during peak hours. Discontinuous demand management techniques take advantage of the ability to automatically disconnect users in the event of a large imbalance in grid load (eg, if an emergency occurs). Discontinuous load balancing techniques are typically associated with a very fast response time of less than a few seconds (eg, 200 milliseconds). Most of the world's largest power consumers (such as large factories that consume more than 3-5 million volt-ampere) enjoy a discount on electricity if they agree to install a discontinuous load balancing device on their main feeder line.
電動車和混合動力車(這裡稱為電動車(EV))的使用日益增加對電力輸電網/網路操作帶來挑戰。電動車電池一般需要充電幾個小時,以達到其全部電力容量。由於在交通高峰時間通常有多台車輛在使用,可以預期交通高峰時間後當這些車輛插入插座進行充電時會施加大量負載於電力網路上。 The increasing use of electric and hybrid vehicles (herein referred to as electric vehicles (EVs)) poses a challenge to power grid/network operations. Electric vehicle batteries typically need to be charged for several hours to reach their full power capacity. Since there are usually multiple vehicles in use during peak traffic hours, it can be expected that a large amount of load will be applied to the power grid when these vehicles are plugged into the outlet for charging after peak traffic hours.
本發明解決了這一問題,並提供一種新的技術(系統和方法)用以實施從輸電網消耗電力的需求管理。本發明的技術適用於多個電力消耗設備,如多台電動車輛、用於電池充電之電動車供應設備(EVSE),和其他可連接到輸電網的電力消耗設備。 The present invention solves this problem and provides a new technique (system and method) for implementing demand management for power consumption from a transmission grid. The techniques of the present invention are applicable to multiple power consuming devices, such as multiple electric vehicles, electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) for battery charging, and other power consuming devices that can be connected to the transmission grid.
本發明可以被實現為一個單獨獨立的設施,其與一個別的電力消耗設施協同運作以允許這樣的電力消耗設施連接到輸電網,且萬一多個這樣的設施在大致相同的時間連接到輸電網的情況下不會導致輸電網達到過載狀態。為此目的,本發明的設施可以獨立於其他設施以實時操作,從而提供相應輸電網中的狀態變化之敏捷實時響應。此外,本發明可用於控制及調整這樣的設施所消耗的電力服務,以提供良好的服務水準予那些設施。藉由把選定設施的電力供應按優先等級排序,可以控制和調節提供給電力消耗設施的服務水準。 The present invention can be implemented as a single, stand-alone facility that operates in conjunction with an additional power consuming facility to allow such power consuming facilities to be connected to the grid, and in the event that a plurality of such facilities are connected to the transmission at approximately the same time In the case of the network, the transmission network will not be overloaded. To this end, the facility of the present invention can operate in real time independently of other facilities, providing an agile real-time response to state changes in the respective transmission grid. Moreover, the present invention can be used to control and adjust the power services consumed by such facilities to provide a good level of service to those facilities. By prioritizing the power supply of selected facilities, the level of service provided to the power consuming facilities can be controlled and regulated.
具體而言,根據本發明的系統可以被配置成和可操作用於提供電力再補充服務給電池,同時容許從輸電網中消耗電力的需求管理。本發明的系統和方法可用於,例如,與充電模組和/或電動車供應設備(EVSE)相關聯以管理它們的電力消耗。這樣的系統可用於為電動和/或混合動力汽車(在此通稱為電動車)的電池充電,同時最佳化輸電網操作。 In particular, the system in accordance with the present invention can be configured and operative to provide power replenishment services to the battery while permitting demand management of power consumption from the transmission grid. The systems and methods of the present invention can be used, for example, in association with charging modules and/or electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) to manage their power consumption. Such systems can be used to charge batteries for electric and/or hybrid vehicles (herein referred to as electric vehicles) while optimizing grid operation.
多數電動車(電動車的電池)電力再補充可能按優先等級排序並隨時間分散,以平坦化對電網的負荷。在用電量消耗尖峰時間,這具有特別重要的意義。負載隨時間分散使輸電網營運商可以以他可利用的一響應時間尺度遵循負載和滿足電力需求。當需要時,該輸電網營運商可以操作以增加輸往網路的發電量(操作需要幾分鐘至一小時),同時,藉由本發明之技術所提供的需求管理/調節,至少部分地保持網路穩定性及平衡的負載狀態。 Most electric vehicles (electric vehicle batteries) power replenishment may be prioritized and dispersed over time to flatten the load on the grid. This is especially important in the peak time of power consumption. The dispersion of load over time allows the grid operator to follow the load and meet the power demand on a response time scale that he can utilize. When required, the grid operator can operate to increase the amount of power generated to the network (operations take from a few minutes to an hour) while maintaining, at least in part, the demand management/adjustment provided by the techniques of the present invention Road stability and balanced load conditions.
因此,本發明提供了一種系統和方法,對電力網路的負載平衡狀態提供實時響應。通過獨立地控制一個或多個電力消耗設施的運作並根據預定的準則變更它們的電力消耗,此響應即被提供並分散於網路中。即,基於事先提供予其預定的情況/準則,每個電力消耗設施做出關於從輸電網消耗的電量(可能也包括提供給輸電網的電量)之實時獨立判斷。 Accordingly, the present invention provides a system and method that provides a real-time response to the load balancing state of a power network. By independently controlling the operation of one or more power consuming facilities and changing their power consumption according to predetermined criteria, the response is provided and distributed throughout the network. That is, each power consuming facility makes a real-time independent determination as to the amount of electricity consumed from the grid (which may also include the amount of electricity supplied to the grid) based on prior provision of its predetermined conditions/criteria.
為此,應該注意的是,本發明允許提供具有短響應時間的實時電力需求管理,響應時間可低於數秒鐘,並可選地小於1秒(例如在幾毫秒到500毫秒的等級)。獲得短響應時間乃因監控輸電網頻率及變更電力消耗可在本地實時的執行(例如由一個EVSE系統),無需與外部設施(諸如管理EV或其電池之電力再補充的中央管理系統)進行通信。因此,本發明允許部署多個EVSE(例如,充電站/點、攜帶式充電設施),其適於(根據預定指令)以實時響應輸電網運作中的變化,同時維持整體的電動汽車充電優先等級劃分。另外,根據本發明所配置的EVSE,可適於彼此獨立運行(例如,作為一個單獨的單元),且可能不要求實時使用資料通信。 To this end, it should be noted that the present invention allows for real-time power demand management with short response times that can be less than a few seconds, and optionally less than one second (e.g., on the order of a few milliseconds to 500 milliseconds). The short response time is obtained because the monitoring of the transmission grid frequency and the change of power consumption can be performed locally in real time (for example by an EVSE system) without communication with external facilities such as a central management system that manages the power replenishment of the EV or its battery. . Thus, the present invention allows deployment of multiple EVSEs (e.g., charging stations/points, portable charging facilities) that are adapted (in accordance with predetermined instructions) to respond in real time to changes in transmission grid operation while maintaining overall electric vehicle charging priority Division. Additionally, the EVSEs configured in accordance with the present invention may be adapted to operate independently of one another (e.g., as a single unit) and may not require real-time use of material communications.
通過監測電力網路的負載平衡狀態及控制EVSEs的瞬時電力消耗,可達成將多個EV電力再補充設施(例如多個EVSEs)的電力消耗隨時間分散。一EVSE系統通常具有檢測輸電網的頻率的能力。本發明的技術,可利用檢測到的頻率以確定輸電網的負載平衡狀態並相應地管理EVSE 的電力消耗。這一點進而藉由緩和向輸電網的過量要求(例如,通過選擇性地並自動打開和關閉電池/EV充電)允許控制整個輸電網的頻率。 By monitoring the load balancing state of the power network and controlling the instantaneous power consumption of the EVSEs, it is achieved that the power consumption of multiple EV power replenishing facilities (eg, multiple EVSEs) is dispersed over time. An EVSE system typically has the ability to detect the frequency of the transmission grid. The technique of the present invention can utilize the detected frequency to determine the load balance state of the transmission network and manage the EVSE accordingly The power consumption. This in turn allows control of the frequency of the entire transmission grid by mitigating excessive demands on the transmission grid (e.g., by selectively and automatically turning the battery/EV charging on and off).
如上所提示,EVSE的操作可按優先等級排序以提供不同的電力再補充服務予連接其上不同的EV。一處理EVSE和電動車(EV)之間通信的標準由IEC TC 69與ISO TC22/SC21之間的一聯合工作組所開發。此標準特別規定了一用於EV之電池電力再補充的EV車載電池管理系統BMS及一EVSE之間的資料交換。具體而言,EVSE可以得到指示電池充電量狀態(SOC)狀態的資料。SOC的資料根據本發明可用於將提供給EV之電力再補充服務按優先等級排序。應該指出的是SOC僅是一個可能的排定優先次序參數之一例。排定優先次序參數的其它實例也在下面說明。通過控制該設施的運作可調整消耗電力設施/EVSE的電力消耗,例如通過選擇性地從電網斷開/連接設施或根據輸電網狀態及排定優先次序資料選擇性地將其打開和關閉。 As suggested above, the operation of the EVSE can be prioritized to provide different power replenishment services to connect different EVs thereon. A standard for handling communication between EVSE and electric vehicles (EVs) was developed by a joint working group between IEC TC 69 and ISO TC22/SC21. This standard specifies a data exchange between the EV vehicle battery management system BMS and an EVSE for EV battery power replenishment. Specifically, the EVSE can obtain information indicating the state of charge of the battery (SOC) state. The SOC data can be used to prioritize the power replenishment services provided to the EVs in accordance with the present invention. It should be noted that the SOC is only one example of a possible prioritization parameter. Other examples of prioritizing parameters are also described below. The power consumption of the power consuming facilities/EVSE can be adjusted by controlling the operation of the facility, such as by selectively disconnecting/connecting facilities from the grid or selectively turning them on and off based on grid status and prioritization data.
例如,當一過載輸電網狀態被確認(例如,輸電網頻率下降),本發明的EVSE設施可根據EV的SOC運作以關閉充電和/或改變用於對電池充電的電力消耗。具有較高SOC的電動車在較高的輸電網頻率時將從充電態斷開,只有在那之後,在較低的頻率,如果需要的話,具有較低SOC的電動車將從充電態斷開。可以相反的順序進行重新連接為EV充電的電力:具有較低SOC的電動車將首先連接,只有在那之後具有較高SOC的電動車跟著連接。 For example, when an overload grid condition is confirmed (eg, the grid frequency drops), the EVSE facility of the present invention can operate according to the SOC of the EV to turn off charging and/or change power consumption for charging the battery. An electric vehicle with a higher SOC will be disconnected from the state of charge at higher transmission grid frequencies, only after that, at lower frequencies, if necessary, an electric vehicle with a lower SOC will be disconnected from the state of charge. . The power to recharge the EV can be reconnected in reverse order: the electric vehicle with the lower SOC will be connected first, and only the electric vehicle with the higher SOC after that will be connected.
根據電力網路營運商/用戶群代表(aggregator)的需求並亦根據若干排定優先次序參數,在不同輸電網狀況下(不同的負載平衡狀態),可選擇用於電力消耗設施運作之模式/方案的條件/準則。例如對於每個電力消耗設施的子群組可定義操作電力消耗設施的準則(例如,由某個服務供應商服務/供電之設施的每個子區段)。額外地或可選地,可能在某些情況下準則是整體定義的(例如,由一個服務供應商的控制中心和/或由電力網路營運商)和/或可能在某些情況下準則是由用戶群代表(例如一個停車場控制器)局部定義的提供給多個EV電力再補充服務。 According to the needs of the power network operator/aggregator and also according to a number of prioritized parameters, the mode/solution for the operation of the power consumption facility can be selected under different transmission network conditions (different load balancing states). Conditions / guidelines. For example, a subgroup of each power consuming facility may define criteria for operating a power consuming facility (eg, each subsection of a facility serviced/powered by a certain service provider). Additionally or alternatively, the criteria may be defined in general in some cases (eg, by a service provider's control center and/or by a power network operator) and/or may in some cases be guided by A user group representative (eg, a parking lot controller) is locally defined for providing multiple EV power replenishment services.
電力消耗設施之運作方案(即本文中稱為充電方案),輸電網的負載平衡狀態,和可能的額外參數(如排定優先次序參數)之間的關係 可在一準則中被定義(下文也稱為充電準則),該準則以查找表(LUT)表示,或由一個或多個函數或演算法表示。準則可以把輸電網不同的負載平衡狀態及各種操作方案予以相關聯,操作方案可能包括與各種電力消耗率相關聯的方案,也可能包括提供/輸入電力至輸電網的方案。 The relationship between the operational scheme of the power consuming facility (ie referred to herein as the charging scheme), the load balancing state of the transmission grid, and possible additional parameters (such as prioritization parameters) It may be defined in a criterion (hereinafter also referred to as a charging criterion), which is represented by a lookup table (LUT) or by one or more functions or algorithms. The criteria can relate different load balancing states of the transmission grid to various operational scenarios. The operational scenarios may include solutions associated with various power consumption rates, and may also include solutions for providing/inputting power to the transmission grid.
充電準則可以是一個固定函數/表,或者它可能是可能會不時更新之動態的準則。準則可以在一控制此類電力消耗設施之電力消耗的系統中靜態地定義且/或可能通過資料網路通信它可以被偶而更新。通常情況下,準則的更新必須不延遲系統的實時響應。例如這些更新可能以一種不影響系統對輸電網狀態變化之實時響應的方式在系統運作的背景進行。 The charging criteria can be a fixed function/table, or it may be a dynamic criterion that may be updated from time to time. The criteria may be statically defined in a system that controls the power consumption of such power consuming facilities and/or may be occasionally updated via data network communications. In general, the update of the criteria must not delay the real-time response of the system. For example, these updates may be in the context of system operation in a manner that does not affect the system's real-time response to changes in the state of the grid.
例如,通電準則可由電力供應商/用戶群代表(如停車場用戶群代表)在電力消耗設施/EVSE本地上計算且/或在供應商的控制中心上計算。這些準則也可以基於和某一能量再補充供應商的車輛網路相關聯之多個電力消耗設施的特性(例如基於相關聯於某一車隊之多個/所有車輛的SOC)進行計算和更新。計算出的準則,例如可以定義一個或多個特定的SOC點(椱數)和輸電網頻率,在其上EVSE據以操作連接/斷開電池進行充電。所計算的充電準則也可以,例如,根據SOC和服務水準(SL)參數,定義一LUT。 For example, the powering criteria may be calculated by the power provider/user group representative (eg, a parking lot user group representative) on the power consuming facility/EVSE local and/or calculated at the vendor's control center. These criteria may also be calculated and updated based on characteristics of a plurality of power consuming facilities associated with a certain energy replenishment supplier's vehicle network (eg, based on SOCs of multiple/all vehicles associated with a certain fleet). The calculated criteria, for example, may define one or more specific SOC points (number of turns) and the grid frequency at which the EVSE is operative to connect/disconnect the battery for charging. The calculated charging criteria may also, for example, define a LUT based on the SOC and Service Level (SL) parameters.
為此,在此考慮SL參數作為相關聯於設想提供給各類用戶(例如,根據與這些用戶達成之服務水準協議(SLA)的類型)之服務水準的參數。SL參數可用於優先讓一些用戶相較於其他用戶獲得某些電力再補充服務。 To this end, the SL parameters are considered here as parameters related to the level of service that is envisaged to be provided to various types of users (eg, based on the type of service level agreement (SLA) that is reached with those users). The SL parameter can be used to give priority to some users to obtain certain power replenishment services compared to other users.
根據本發明,準則(充電準則)可實現滯後操作模式以防止對電力供應的需求有振盪。為此,滯後可通過把斷開或降低電力消耗設施輸電網負載之耗電率(較高過負載狀態)設成低於重新連接或恢復電力消耗設施之耗電率時的負載/負載平衡準則來實現。例如,在一滯後操作中,當輸電網的頻率降到低於X時,一具有特定的SOC的EV被從充電態切斷,只有當頻率上升到高於上述X+正差值時才重新連接。 According to the present invention, the criteria (charging criteria) can implement a hysteresis mode of operation to prevent oscillations in the demand for power supply. To this end, the hysteresis can be set by lowering or reducing the power consumption rate of the power grid load of the power consumption facility (higher overload state) than the load/load balancing criterion when reconnecting or restoring the power consumption rate of the power consumption facility. to realise. For example, in a lag operation, when the frequency of the transmission network drops below X, an EV with a specific SOC is cut off from the state of charge, and is reconnected only when the frequency rises above the X+ positive difference. .
如上所提示排定優先次序參數(例如電池的SOC),並且可能還有其他參數(如電池的參數/特性),可用於決定電力消耗設施(EVSE/電池充電器等)的運作/電力消耗。這樣的參數可以直接從EV經由充電用電纜及 /或無線地提供,及/或它們可由EV車載計算機向控制中心傳達並從那裡向特定EVSE傳達。如同將在下文所描述,充電準則/函數可以考慮額外資訊/參數,如保證供予特定EV之服務類型、其行程的典型或當前目的地、及到達到目的地所需的充電水準。本發明的系統也可使用如此類的附加資訊以估計各種參數。例如,可以根據充電持續時間和由EVSE供應的電流還有來自控制中心的週期性資訊決定一電池SOC的近似值。 The prioritization parameters (such as the SOC of the battery) are scheduled as above, and there may be other parameters (such as parameters/characteristics of the battery) that can be used to determine the operation/power consumption of the power consuming facility (EVSE/battery charger, etc.). Such parameters can be directly from the EV via the charging cable and / or provided wirelessly, and / or they can be communicated to the control center by the EV onboard computer and from there to the specific EVSE. As will be described below, the charging criteria/function may take into account additional information/parameters such as the type of service guaranteed for a particular EV, the typical or current destination of its trip, and the level of charging required to reach the destination. The system of the present invention may also use such additional information to estimate various parameters. For example, an approximation of a battery SOC can be determined based on the charging duration and the current supplied by the EVSE and periodic information from the control center.
因此,根據本發明的一廣義面,提供了一種用於藉電力網路為電池充電的方法。該方法包括:提供指示一個或多個充電準則的資料,該準則把至少一個該電力網路之負載平衡參數的一個或多個值與對應於該一個或多個值的充電方案予以相關聯;監測電力網路以決定網路中負載平衡參數的一個值;和利用一個或多個準則和所決定的值來選擇用於為一電池充電的一充電方案。 Thus, in accordance with a broad aspect of the present invention, a method for charging a battery by a power network is provided. The method includes providing data indicative of one or more charging criteria, the criteria associating one or more values of at least one load balancing parameter of the power network with a charging scheme corresponding to the one or more values; monitoring The power network determines a value of the load balancing parameter in the network; and utilizes one or more criteria and the determined value to select a charging scheme for charging a battery.
根據本發明的一些實施例,至少充電準則之一會額外地把一個或多個排定優先次序參數、對應於一電池之按排定優先次序充電,與一個相應的充電方案予以相關聯。在這樣的實施例中該方法還包括獲得對應於一個待充電電池中之一個或多個排定優先次序參數的排定優先次序值,並按照該等排定優先次序值及負載平衡參數的判定值選擇充電方案。 In accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, at least one of the charging criteria additionally additionally associates one or more prioritization parameters, corresponding to a battery, in a prioritized manner, associated with a respective charging scheme. In such an embodiment, the method further includes obtaining a prioritized value corresponding to one or more of the prioritized parameters of the battery to be charged, and determining the prioritized value and the load balancing parameter according to the ranking The value selects the charging scheme.
排定優先次序參數可以包括指示該待充電電池之SOC的充電量狀態(SOC)參數。該SOC參數的值可以基於從安裝該電池之一部電動車輛上接收的電池資料來決定。例如,基於指示下列中的至少一個的電池使用資料:電池的先前SOC、電池維修的歷史資料、及該電池或裝載該電池之一部電動車輛預期用法,SOC參數的值可以被估計。 The prioritization parameter may include a charge amount state (SOC) parameter indicating the SOC of the battery to be charged. The value of the SOC parameter can be determined based on battery data received from an electric vehicle on which one of the batteries is mounted. For example, based on battery usage information indicating at least one of: a previous SOC of the battery, a history of battery repair, and an expected usage of the battery or one of the electric vehicles loaded with the battery, the value of the SOC parameter can be estimated.
排定優先次序參數可以替代地或額外地包括以下參數中的至少一個:指示要提供予安裝該電池的一車輛之服務水準的一服務水準參數、和指示用於驅動該車輛之預期電力消耗的一預期用法參數。基於從車輛上接收的資料,可選地可將SL和EU參數或其中之一的值至少部分地加以決定。 The prioritization parameter may alternatively or additionally include at least one of the following parameters: a service level parameter indicating a service level of a vehicle to be supplied to the battery, and an indication of an expected power consumption for driving the vehicle. An expected usage parameter. The values of the SL and EU parameters, or one of them, may optionally be determined at least in part based on the information received from the vehicle.
根據一些實施例,本發明的方法還包括獲取指示該待充電電池身份的資訊並對一控制中心傳達該資訊以從其接收對應於該電池的排定優先次序值中的其中至少一個及/或一個或多個用於該電池的充電方案。 According to some embodiments, the method of the present invention further includes obtaining information indicative of the identity of the battery to be charged and communicating the information to a control center to receive at least one of the prioritized values corresponding to the battery therefrom and/or One or more charging schemes for the battery.
根據本發明的一些實施例選擇充電準則以最佳化電力網路中的負載平衡。例如,充電準則可將對應該電力網路的過負載及欠負載狀態的負載平衡參數之過負載及欠負載值,與分別具有較低和較高電力消耗的充電方案予以相關聯,從而最佳化電力網路中的負載平衡。可替代地或額外地,對於一組給定的排定優先次序值,充電準則將該負載平衡參數之過負載及欠負載值,與分別具有較低和較高電力消耗的充電方案予以相關聯。這從而提供對電力網路中的負載平衡進行最佳化,同時也提供電池用戶按優先次序的服務和所提供服務水準之全面改善。 Charging criteria are selected to optimize load balancing in the power network in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. For example, the charging criteria can be optimized by associating the overload and underload values of the load balancing parameters corresponding to the overload and underload conditions of the power network with charging schemes having lower and higher power consumption, respectively. Load balancing in the power network. Alternatively or additionally, for a given set of prioritized values, the charging criterion associates the overload and underload values of the load balancing parameter with charging schemes having lower and higher power consumption, respectively. . This in turn provides an optimization of load balancing in the power network while also providing a comprehensive improvement in battery users' prioritized service and service levels.
應當指出,根據本發明的一些實施例負載平衡參數相應於電力網路中電力的一頻率。為此目的,根據一些實施例本發明的方法包括監控該電力網路之頻率,從而確定該電力網路的負載平衡狀態。一高於某一電力網路額定頻率值的電力網路頻率表明網路運作處於欠負載狀態,而一低於該某一電力網路額定頻率值的電力網路頻率表明網路的過負載狀態。 It should be noted that load balancing parameters in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention correspond to a frequency of power in the power network. To this end, the method of the present invention includes monitoring the frequency of the power network to determine the load balancing state of the power network in accordance with some embodiments. A power network frequency above a rated frequency of a power network indicates that the network is operating under load, and a frequency of the power network below the rated frequency of the power network indicates an overload condition of the network.
根據本發明的一些實施例,充電方案中的至少一個指示一個或多個充電循環的順序,每個循環包括:至少一個充電期間,在此期間電池正被充電;以及一個休止期間,在此期間電池沒有被充電。該一個或多個充電循環可以是,例如,具相等週期的週期性循環。 According to some embodiments of the invention, at least one of the charging schemes indicates an order of one or more charging cycles, each cycle comprising: at least one charging period during which the battery is being charged; and a rest period during which The battery is not being charged. The one or more charging cycles can be, for example, periodic cycles of equal duration.
根據本發明的另一廣義實施態樣,提供了一種系統,用於藉電力網路為電池充電。該系統包括一個充電協定模組,其被配置成和可操作用於提供指示一個或多個充電準則的資料,充電準則把至少一個指示電力網路中一負載平衡之負載平衡參數的一個或多個值與對應的充電方案予以相關聯。該系統還包括一電力網路網監測模組,其與一電力網路相關聯且適用於提供指示網路中該負載平衡參數之一個值的資料。此外該系統包括一充電控制器,其被配置成和可操作用於與充電協定模組和電力網路監測模組之通信。該充電控制器適用於利用該一個或多個充電準則和指示負載平衡參數之值的資料來選擇用以操作一電池充電模組的一充電方案。 In accordance with another broad aspect of the present invention, a system is provided for charging a battery by a power network. The system includes a charging agreement module configured and operable to provide information indicative of one or more charging criteria, the charging criterion to at least one of one or more load balancing parameters indicative of a load balancing in the power network The value is associated with the corresponding charging scheme. The system also includes a power network monitoring module associated with a power network and adapted to provide information indicative of a value of the load balancing parameter in the network. In addition, the system includes a charge controller configured and operative to communicate with the charge agreement module and the power network monitoring module. The charge controller is adapted to utilize a data of the one or more charging criteria and a value indicative of a load balancing parameter to select a charging scheme for operating a battery charging module.
根據本發明的一些實施例,該系統還包括一電池充電模組,該模組可連接到該充電控制器並適用於從其接收指示所選充電方案的一信號。電池充電模組可能可操作用於根據與所選的充電方案為一電動車輛充電。 According to some embodiments of the invention, the system further includes a battery charging module connectable to the charging controller and adapted to receive a signal therefrom indicative of the selected charging scheme. The battery charging module may be operable to charge an electric vehicle in accordance with a selected charging scheme.
根據本發明的一些實施例,該系統還包括一排定優先次序模組,其適用於提供對應一個或多個與電池按優先次序充電相關聯的排定優先次序參數之排定優先次序值。在這樣的實施例中,至少一個充電準則把排定優先次序參數的一個或多個值與一對應的充電方案予以相關聯。為此,該充電協定模組適用於從該排定優先次序模組接收對應一特定待充電電池之一個或多個排定優先次序值,並用於提供相應的充電準則資料。可替代地或額外地,該充電控制器可以適用於從該排定優先次序模組接收對應一特定電池之一個或多個排定優先次序值並利用排定優先次序值以決定所選擇的充電方案。 According to some embodiments of the invention, the system further includes a prioritization module adapted to provide a prioritized value corresponding to one or more prioritized parameters associated with prioritized charging of the battery. In such an embodiment, the at least one charging criterion associates one or more values of the prioritized parameters with a corresponding charging scheme. To this end, the charging agreement module is adapted to receive one or more prioritized values corresponding to a particular battery to be charged from the prioritized module and to provide corresponding charging criteria data. Alternatively or additionally, the charge controller may be adapted to receive one or more prioritized values corresponding to a particular battery from the prioritized module and utilize the prioritized values to determine the selected charge Program.
該排定優先次序參數可包括指示一待充電電池之充電量狀態(SOC)的一SOC參數。排定優先次序模組可以被配置成且可操作用於與車輛上的一控制系統通信以從其接收指示電池一SOC的電池資料。可替代地或額外地,排定優先次序模組可以被配置以基於至少下列中的一項來估計該SOC參數:指示至少一電池先前SOC之一的電池使用資料、電池維修的歷史資料、及電池或安裝該電池之一部電動車輛的預期用法。 The prioritization parameter can include a SOC parameter indicative of a state of charge (SOC) of a battery to be charged. The prioritization module can be configured and operable to communicate with a control system on the vehicle to receive battery data indicative of battery-to-SOC therefrom. Alternatively or additionally, the prioritization module can be configured to estimate the SOC parameter based on at least one of: battery usage data indicative of one of the previous SOCs of the battery, historical data for battery repair, and The intended use of a battery or an electric vehicle in which one of the batteries is installed.
根據本發明的一些實施例,排定優先次序參數包括下列中的至少一個:指示要提供予安裝該電池的一車輛之服務水準(SL)的一服務水準參數、和指示從該電池之預期電力消耗的一預期用法(EU)參數。例如排定優先次序模組可以被配置成和可操作用於與車輛上的一控制系統通信並從其接收指示SL和EU參數至少其中一者的一個值之資料。 According to some embodiments of the invention, the prioritization parameter comprises at least one of: a service level parameter indicating a service level (SL) of a vehicle to be supplied to the battery, and indicating an expected power from the battery An expected usage (EU) parameter consumed. For example, the prioritization module can be configured to communicate with and receive information from a control system on the vehicle and receive a value indicative of at least one of the SL and EU parameters.
根據本發明的一些實施例,該系統可包括一識別模組,其適用於獲得指示該電池一身份的資訊並傳達該資訊給控制中心。該身分資訊可指示下列中的至少一個的身份:該電池、一安裝該電池組的車輛、及該車輛的使用者。對身份資訊傳達做出反應,排定優先次序模組適用於從控制中心接收對應於一個或多個排定優先次序參數的值。可替代地或額外地,充電協定模組可適用於接收對應於身份資訊之充電準則中的至少一個。 According to some embodiments of the invention, the system can include an identification module adapted to obtain information indicative of the identity of the battery and to communicate the information to the control center. The identity information may indicate the identity of at least one of: the battery, a vehicle in which the battery pack is installed, and a user of the vehicle. In response to the identity messaging, the prioritization module is adapted to receive values corresponding to one or more prioritization parameters from the control center. Alternatively or additionally, the charging agreement module can be adapted to receive at least one of charging criteria corresponding to the identity information.
根據本發明的一些實施例,充電協定模組可操作用於提供適用於最佳化電力網路中的負載平衡的充電準則。充電準則可把對應於該電力網路的過負載及欠負載狀態的該負載平衡參數之過負載及欠負載值,與分別具有較低和較高電力消耗的充電方案予以相關聯。可替代地或額外 地,對於一組給定的排定優先次序值,充電準則把該負載平衡參數之過負載及欠負載值與分別具有較低和較高電力消耗的充電方案予以相關聯。這從而提供改善電力網路中的負載平衡並同時最佳化供予系統用戶之電力再補充服務。 According to some embodiments of the invention, the charging agreement module is operable to provide charging criteria suitable for optimizing load balancing in the power network. The charging criteria can correlate the overload and underload values of the load balancing parameters corresponding to the overload and underload conditions of the power network with charging schemes having lower and higher power consumption, respectively. Alternative or additional Ground, for a given set of prioritized values, the charging criteria associates the overload and underload values of the load balancing parameter with charging schemes having lower and higher power consumption, respectively. This in turn provides improved load balancing in the power network while optimizing the power replenishment service to the system users.
根據本發明的一些實施例,該系統包括一頻率監測模組,其可連接到該電力網路,並適用於測量指示至少一網路中電力頻率之負載平衡參數。該頻率值對應於網路的負載平衡狀態。根據本發明的一些實施例該充電協定模組可適用於提供指示至少一個充電方案的資料,該充電方案包含充電循環之一順序,每個循環包括至少一充電期間和一休止期間。充電協定模組可以適用於提供具有充電期間持續時間和充電循環持續時間之間不同比例的充電方案,藉此提供了與不同的電力消耗率相關聯的充電方案。充電控制器可適用於利用充電準則以選擇和利用這樣的充電方案並在充電期間對電池充電,而在休止期間不對電池充電。 According to some embodiments of the invention, the system includes a frequency monitoring module connectable to the power network and adapted to measure load balancing parameters indicative of power frequencies in at least one of the networks. This frequency value corresponds to the load balancing state of the network. According to some embodiments of the invention, the charging agreement module is adapted to provide information indicative of at least one charging scheme, the charging scheme comprising an order of charging cycles, each cycle comprising at least one charging period and one inactivity period. The charging agreement module can be adapted to provide a charging scheme having a different ratio between the duration of the charging period and the duration of the charging cycle, thereby providing a charging scheme associated with different power consumption rates. The charge controller can be adapted to utilize charging criteria to select and utilize such a charging scheme and to charge the battery during charging without charging the battery during the rest period.
根據本發明的又另一個廣義實施態樣,提供了一系統,用於藉一電力網路為電池充電。該系統包括提供指示一個或多個充電準則之資料的一充電協定模組,充電準則把至少一個指示電力網路中之一負載平衡的負載平衡參數之一個或多個值和與不同電力消耗率相關聯的相應充電方案予以相關聯。該充電方案包括充電循環的順序,充電循環包括至少充電期間和休止期間,至少與一些其他方案相比,其充電期間持續時間與休止期間持續時間之間的比例不同。該系統還包括一電力網路監測模組和充電控制器。電力網路監測模組與一電力網路相關聯,並適用於決定網路中負載平衡參數的一個值。充電控制器適用於利用該一個或多個充電準則和負載平衡參數的值來選擇要用於操作一電池充電模組的充電方案,以根據所選擇的一充電方案為一電池充電。 In accordance with yet another broad aspect of the present invention, a system is provided for charging a battery with a power network. The system includes a charging agreement module that provides information indicative of one or more charging criteria, the charging criterion correlating at least one value of one or more load balancing parameters indicative of load balancing in the power network with different power consumption rates The associated charging scheme is associated. The charging scheme includes an order of charging cycles including at least a charging period and a rest period, at least in proportion to a ratio between a duration of the charging period and a duration of the rest period compared to some other schemes. The system also includes a power network monitoring module and a charging controller. The power network monitoring module is associated with a power network and is adapted to determine a value of the load balancing parameters in the network. The charge controller is adapted to utilize the one or more charge criteria and the value of the load balancing parameter to select a charging scheme to be used to operate a battery charging module to charge a battery in accordance with the selected one of the charging schemes.
根據本發明的又另一個廣義面,提供了一種方法用於藉電力網路為電池充電。該方法包括:提供指示一個或多個準則其把網路中電力之頻率的值與充電方案予以相關聯並監測電力網路以決定該網路中電力之頻率的一瞬間值。然後,該一個或多個準則被用來選擇一充電方案以用於為一電池充電。充電方案可包括充電循環。至少一些充電方案可關聯於不同電力消耗率,該等不同的電力消耗率相應於其充電循環裡的一充電週期 持續時間與其充電循環裡的總持續時間之間的不同比例。 In accordance with yet another broad aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for charging a battery by a power network. The method includes providing a momentary value indicative of one or more criteria that correlates values of the frequency of power in the network with a charging scheme and monitors the power network to determine the frequency of power in the network. The one or more criteria are then used to select a charging scheme for charging a battery. The charging scheme can include a charging cycle. At least some charging schemes may be associated with different power consumption rates corresponding to a charging cycle in its charging cycle The different ratio of duration to the total duration in its charging cycle.
100‧‧‧方法 100‧‧‧ method
110‧‧‧步驟 110‧‧‧Steps
120‧‧‧步驟 120‧‧‧Steps
130‧‧‧步驟 130‧‧‧Steps
140‧‧‧步驟 140‧‧‧Steps
150‧‧‧步驟 150‧‧‧ steps
300‧‧‧系統 300‧‧‧ system
310‧‧‧充電協定模組 310‧‧‧Charging Agreement Module
320‧‧‧電力網路監測模組 320‧‧‧Power Network Monitoring Module
330‧‧‧充電控制器 330‧‧‧Charging controller
340‧‧‧排定優先次序模組 340‧‧‧ Prioritized Module
350‧‧‧充電模組 350‧‧‧Charging module
360‧‧‧識別模組 360‧‧‧identification module
380‧‧‧電池 380‧‧‧Battery
399‧‧‧控制中心 399‧‧‧Control Center
為了理解本發明,並領會它可以如何實際上實行,現在將參照隨附圖式,以僅非限制性的例示為目的,描述實施例,其中:圖1係一個流程圖,說明一用於從電力網路為電池(一或多數個)充電的方法100。 In order to understand the present invention and to understand how it can be practiced, the embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which, FIG. A method 100 of charging a battery (one or more) by a power network.
圖2A-2D顯示四個充電準則的例子,以LUT表示,它們可用於從電力網路為電池充電。 Figures 2A-2D show examples of four charging criteria, indicated in LUT, which can be used to charge a battery from a power network.
圖3係一方塊圖,示意性地說明一根據本發明之用於為一電池(一或多數個)充電的系統。 Figure 3 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a system for charging a battery (one or more) in accordance with the present invention.
參考圖1顯示流程圖,說明根據本發明一實施例的一方法100,用於從電力網路為電池(單個或多數個)充電。根據本發明的一些實施例,方法100可在一電路中、和/或藉由包含在存儲供電腦化系統的一個以上處理器執行之一個或多個程式的非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體的軟體模組,而部分地或全部地加以實現。 Referring to Figure 1, there is shown a flow diagram illustrating a method 100 for charging a battery (single or a plurality of) from a power network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Method 100 may be in a circuit, and/or by a non-transitory computer readable storage medium containing one or more programs stored by one or more processors for a computerized system, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. The software module is implemented partially or completely.
方法100包括:提供指示一個或多個充電準則的資料,該充電準則把至少一個該電力網路之負載平衡參數的一個或多個值與對應於該一個或多個值的充電方案予以相關聯(步驟110);提供網路中負載平衡參數的一個值(步驟120);和利用一個或多個準則和負載平衡參數的值來選擇一用於為-電池充電的充電方案(步驟140)。 The method 100 includes providing data indicative of one or more charging criteria that associate one or more values of at least one load balancing parameter of the power network with a charging scheme corresponding to the one or more values ( Step 110): providing a value of the load balancing parameter in the network (step 120); and using a value of one or more criteria and load balancing parameters to select a charging scheme for charging the battery (step 140).
可選地,至少該充電準則中之一個額外地將一個或多個排定優先次序參數,其對應於電池排定優先次序的充電,與對應的充電方案予以相關聯。在這樣的實施例中,該方法還包括獲得對應於該一個或多個待充電電池的排定優先次序參數之排定優先次序值的一步驟(步驟130)。如果步驟130也存在,選擇於步驟140中之所選的充電方案也是根據在步驟130得到的排定優先次序值。 Optionally, at least one of the charging criteria additionally associates one or more prioritization parameters corresponding to battery prioritized charging with a corresponding charging scheme. In such an embodiment, the method further includes the step of obtaining a prioritized value corresponding to the prioritized parameters of the one or more batteries to be charged (step 130). If step 130 is also present, the charging scheme selected in step 140 is also based on the prioritized value obtained at step 130.
用語電力網路(electricity-network)在這裡也稱為輸電網(grid),是供給為電池充電的電力所來自的電網路。方法100可以相關聯於一電池充電模組實現以改善/最佳化網路中的負載平衡,並可選地進一步提 供電池的按排定優先次序充電。本發明的方法允許改變網路上的負載,以紓解/避免網路過載。在多個電池於重疊的時段從網路充電的情況此方法可能特別有用。此外,本方法也允許為電池用戶提供一期望服務水準(SL)。 The term electricity-network, also referred to herein as a grid, is the grid path from which electricity supplied to the battery is supplied. Method 100 can be implemented in association with a battery charging module to improve/optimize load balancing in the network, and optionally further The batteries are charged in a prioritized order. The method of the present invention allows for varying the load on the network to mitigate/avoid network overload. This approach may be particularly useful where multiple batteries are charging from the network during overlapping periods. In addition, the method also allows a battery user to be provided with a desired service level (SL).
為此,用語負載平衡和負載平衡狀態在這裡與供應給電力網路/輸電網之瞬時電力總量(例如,藉由發電廠)和從輸電網之瞬時負載/電力需求之間的平衡相關聯地使用。用語平衡負載狀態指示一狀態其中供應給輸電網的電力瞬時產生量大致相等電力瞬時需求量。用語過負載和欠負載狀態在這裡用以分別描述從輸電網的電力需求率高於至輸電網的電力產生/供給率,以及反過來的狀態。 To this end, the term load balancing and load balancing states are here associated with the balance between the total amount of instantaneous power supplied to the power network/transmission grid (eg, by the power plant) and the instantaneous load/power demand from the transmission grid. use. The term balance load state indicates a state in which the instantaneous amount of power supplied to the grid is approximately equal to the instantaneous demand of the power. The terms overload and underload conditions are used herein to describe respectively the power demand rate from the transmission grid is higher than the power generation/supply rate to the grid, and vice versa.
如上面所提示的,電動汽車(EV)的預期廣泛使用對提供電力供應為這類車輛的電池充電帶來重大挑戰。這其中包括,因為需要大量的電力用以替一EV的電池充電(如高達10千瓦或更高)和因為大部分的電動車都預期以共同的排程表連接以充電(充電尖峰時間),例如在一天的工作時間(例如09:00至17:00之間)以及晚上的時間(例如20:00至06:00之間)。其結果就是,若缺乏用於控制和調整車輛充電作業之技術,在某些充電尖峰時間(例如許多人到達其工作地點的時間範圍)輸電網可能過負載。在這樣充電尖峰時間,電力網路的一過負載狀態,可能會導致電力供應的顯著不穩定,並可能損壞連接到網路的電氣設備。藉由提出為電池充電且同時協助維持輸電網中一負載平衡狀態的技術,本發明解決了這些問題。本發明的負載平衡系統可以彼此獨立運作,以允許連接多個電池在大致相同的時間範圍(例如同時)充電,而不誘發電力網路的一過載狀態。 As indicated above, the expected widespread use of electric vehicles (EVs) poses a significant challenge to providing power supply for battery charging of such vehicles. This includes, because a large amount of power is required to charge an EV battery (eg, up to 10 kW or higher) and because most electric vehicles are expected to be connected by a common schedule for charging (charge peak time), For example, during the working hours of the day (for example, between 09:00 and 17:00) and at night (for example, between 20:00 and 06:00). As a result, in the absence of techniques for controlling and adjusting vehicle charging operations, the transmission grid may be overloaded during certain charging spike times (eg, the time range in which many people arrive at their workplace). At such a charging peak time, an overloaded state of the power network may result in significant instability of the power supply and may damage electrical equipment connected to the network. The present invention addresses these problems by proposing techniques for charging a battery while assisting in maintaining a load balancing state in the transmission grid. The load balancing system of the present invention can operate independently of each other to allow connection of multiple batteries for charging over substantially the same time range (e.g., simultaneously) without inducing an overload condition of the power network.
因此,根據方法100,步驟110中提供一個或多個充電準則CRT,其將網路的一負載平衡參數的值與數個(兩個或更多)充電方案予以相關聯。充電方案相關聯於一電池充電模組的各種操作模式(充電參數)而且至少充電方案中的幾個是相關聯於從電力網路不同的電力消耗。例如,兩個這樣的充電方案可以與電池充電動作開啟和關閉分別相關聯。 Thus, in accordance with method 100, one or more charging criteria CRT are provided in step 110 that correlates the value of a load balancing parameter of the network with a number of (two or more) charging schemes. The charging scheme is associated with various modes of operation (charging parameters) of a battery charging module and at least some of the charging schemes are associated with different power consumption from the power grid. For example, two such charging schemes can be associated with battery charging action on and off, respectively.
在步驟120中,提供指示電力網路中一個或多個負載平衡參數的(一個或多數個)值得資料。可選擇地,根據本發明的一些實施例,(例如在充電點)監測/量測指示輸電網之負載平衡狀態的電氣參數。量測輸電網之電氣參數可用高速率進行以提供對輸電網狀態變化大致實時的響應。 In step 120, (one or more) worthy information indicative of one or more load balancing parameters in the power network is provided. Alternatively, electrical parameters indicative of the load balancing state of the transmission grid are monitored/measured (e.g., at a charging point) in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. Measuring the electrical parameters of the transmission grid can be performed at a high rate to provide a substantially real-time response to changes in the state of the transmission grid.
如上所提示,輸電網中的電力頻率通常是輸電網負載平衡狀態的的一個指標(因而它可以作為一個負載平衡參數)。世界範圍內傳統電力網路通常提供220V或110V的交流電壓,以50或60赫茲的額定頻率交替(取決於電力網路和它所在的國家)。然而,經由一輸電網/電力網路的電力供應之瞬時頻率通常容易受到網路負載平衡狀態(即供予輸電網的電力和從電網的需求之間的平衡)的影響。在過負載情況下,其中瞬時需求超過電力產生,輸電網的頻率下降到低於其額定頻率。在欠負載情況下,其中的瞬時電力需求低於發電率,輸電網頻率上升到高於額定頻率。 As indicated above, the frequency of the power grid in the transmission grid is usually an indicator of the load balancing state of the grid (and thus it can be used as a load balancing parameter). Conventional power networks around the world typically provide 220V or 110V AC voltage, alternating at a nominal frequency of 50 or 60 Hz (depending on the power network and the country in which it is located). However, the instantaneous frequency of power supply via a grid/power network is often susceptible to network load balancing conditions (ie, the balance between the power supplied to the grid and the demand from the grid). In the case of an overload, where the instantaneous demand exceeds the power generation, the frequency of the transmission network drops below its rated frequency. Under under load conditions, the instantaneous power demand is lower than the power generation rate, and the transmission network frequency rises above the rated frequency.
因此,根據本發明的一些實施例,在步驟120中藉由量測輸電網之電力頻率瞬時值並可能地確定輸電網額定電力頻率及量測頻率間的一偏差值提供輸電網的負載平衡狀態。在這樣的實施例中,步驟110中提供的充電準則CRT,可適用於用以將測得的瞬時頻率(或輸電網瞬時頻率偏離其額定頻率的偏差)與各種可能具有不同的電力消耗的充電參數/方案予以相關聯。某些充電方案可在某些情況下關聯於供電予輸電網(例如藉由從電池汲取電力),以紓解過負載輸電網狀態。 Therefore, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the load balance state of the transmission network is provided in step 120 by measuring the instantaneous value of the power frequency of the transmission network and possibly determining a deviation value between the rated power frequency of the transmission network and the measurement frequency. . In such an embodiment, the charging criterion CRT provided in step 110 can be applied to charging the measured instantaneous frequency (or the deviation of the instantaneous frequency of the transmission grid from its nominal frequency) with various possible power consumptions. The parameters/schemes are associated. Certain charging schemes may be associated with powering the grid (e.g., by drawing power from the battery) in some cases to relieve overloaded grid conditions.
可替換地或額外地,根據本發明的一些實施例,指示網路負載平衡狀態的資料可透過一資料網路傳達。例如,網路的一負載平衡參數(一個或多數個)可以從運作電力網路的公用事業公司或從一控制多個充電系統(充電點)運作的中央控制系統傳達。 Alternatively or additionally, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, data indicative of network load balancing status may be communicated via a data network. For example, a load balancing parameter (one or more) of the network can be communicated from a utility company operating a power network or from a central control system that operates multiple charging systems (charging points).
可選擇地,根據本發明的一些實施例,並非所有待充電電池具有相同的充電優先等級。為此,充電準則亦可納入排定優先次序資料/參數以允許按優先次序為電池充電。例如,在為電動車的電池充電時,有些電池/電動車/用戶可關聯於較其他人更高的服務水準協議(SLA),從而獲得更高的優先次序為他們的電池充電。又對於一些車輛,該車輛的預期使用可能低於其他車輛的預期使用和/或他們的電池充電量狀態(SOC)可能高於其他車輛的SOC。在這樣的情況下,具較低的預期的使用或具更高SOC的車輛可設置一較低的充電優先等級。 Alternatively, not all of the batteries to be charged have the same charging priority level, according to some embodiments of the invention. To this end, the charging criteria can also be incorporated into prioritized data/parameters to allow for prioritization of the battery. For example, when charging a battery for an electric vehicle, some battery/electric vehicles/users may be associated with a higher service level agreement (SLA) than others to obtain a higher priority for charging their batteries. Also for some vehicles, the intended use of the vehicle may be lower than the expected use of other vehicles and/or their battery charge status (SOC) may be higher than the SOC of other vehicles. In such cases, a vehicle with a lower expected usage or a higher SOC may set a lower charging priority level.
此外,本發明的充電模組可選擇地被配置以替不同類型的電池充電,其可關聯於不同的充電特性(例如,在充電期間不同的電力消耗率)。這些電池的充電特性,在此以用語電池參數表示,也可納入充電準則 中,並用於選擇一適當的充電方案。 Moreover, the charging module of the present invention can optionally be configured to charge different types of batteries, which can be associated with different charging characteristics (eg, different power consumption rates during charging). The charging characteristics of these batteries are indicated here by the terms battery parameters and can also be included in the charging criteria. Medium and used to select an appropriate charging scheme.
如上所述,在可選的步驟130,提供/獲得排定優先次序資料和/或電池資料,以為一特定電池充電(例如一特定EV/用戶的電池)。排定優先次序資料和電池資料,其可分別指示該特定待充電電池之排定優先次序及電池參數的值,可從一個或多個與該待充電電池相關聯的控制器獲得。這樣的控制器可能包括下列:該電池(例如配備於搭載該電池的設備/EV)的BMS(電池管理系統)、以及與該電池通信的一遠端中央控制系統(控制中心)。電池資料片段和排定優先次序資料片段可以由與該特定電池相關聯的一單一控制器或幾個控制器提供。又,這樣的資料可以藉資料通信(例如,經由一個資料網路)獲得。在某些情況下,特別是當控制器相關聯於多個電池(例如中央控制系統),電池和/或排定優先次序資料可以提供給控制器以回應指示電池類型/身份之資料的通信。指示電池類型/身份之資料可以是例如識別電池安裝其上的EV之資料和/或指示該電池/EV的用戶之資料。 As described above, in an optional step 130, prioritized data and/or battery data is provided/obtained to charge a particular battery (e.g., a particular EV/user's battery). Prioritizing data and battery data, respectively indicating the prioritization of the particular battery to be charged and the value of the battery parameter, may be obtained from one or more controllers associated with the battery to be charged. Such a controller may include the following: a BMS (battery management system) of the battery (e.g., equipment/EV equipped with the battery), and a remote central control system (control center) in communication with the battery. The battery data segment and the prioritized data segment may be provided by a single controller or controllers associated with the particular battery. Also, such information can be obtained by means of material communication (for example, via a data network). In some cases, particularly when the controller is associated with a plurality of batteries (eg, a central control system), battery and/or prioritized data may be provided to the controller in response to communication indicating the type of battery/identity. The information indicating the type/identity of the battery may be, for example, information identifying the EV on which the battery is installed and/or information indicating the user of the battery/EV.
可選擇地,在步驟130中提供的排定優先次序和電池資料可以部分地或完全地是充電準則CRT的型式,其根據該特定待充電電池的優先等級、類型、和/或身份而專門設計。 Alternatively, the prioritization and battery data provided in step 130 may be partially or completely a version of the charging criteria CRT that is specifically designed according to the priority level, type, and/or identity of the particular battery to be charged. .
在步驟140中,基於步驟120中提供之負載平衡參數(一個或多數個)的值,並且還可能基於步驟130中提供之排定優先次序和/或電池資料,使用充電準則(在步驟110中和可選地在步驟130中提供)選擇一充電方案。充電準則可能以一查找表(LUT)或一公式或演算法的形式,其把至少負載平衡參數(一個或多數個)的值與相應的充電方案/參數予以相關聯。據此,在步驟140中,選擇一適當的充電方案。 In step 140, based on the value of the load balancing parameters (one or more) provided in step 120, and possibly based on the prioritization and/or battery data provided in step 130, the charging criteria are used (in step 110) And optionally provided in step 130) selecting a charging scheme. The charging criteria may be in the form of a look up table (LUT) or a formula or algorithm that associates at least the value of the load balancing parameter (one or more) with the corresponding charging scheme/parameter. Accordingly, in step 140, an appropriate charging scheme is selected.
在本發明的一些實施例中,充電方案的選擇是以滯後(hysteresis)模式實行以防止充電器電力消耗的振盪並改善網路的穩定性。在一滯後模式,根據一特定充電方案的啟動準則與根據該充電方案的停止準則不同。例如當輸電網的頻率下降到一第一閾值X以下時一具有特定SOC的電池從充電中切斷,並只有當頻率上升到一高於第一閾值的第二閾值(X+正差值)以上時才重新連接充電。滯後操作模式的特性/參數可與上面的充電準則一起提供,或者它們可以硬編碼在本發明的系統中。 In some embodiments of the invention, the charging scheme is selected in a hysteresis mode to prevent oscillations in charger power consumption and to improve network stability. In a lag mode, the starting criteria according to a particular charging scheme are different from the stopping criteria according to the charging scheme. For example, when the frequency of the transmission network drops below a first threshold X, a battery having a specific SOC is cut off from charging, and only when the frequency rises above a second threshold (X+ positive difference) higher than the first threshold. Recharge the battery only when it is connected. The characteristics/parameters of the hysteresis mode of operation may be provided with the above charging criteria, or they may be hard coded in the system of the present invention.
應當注意步驟120和140較佳重複地和/或週期性地執行以 監測電力網路負載平衡狀態的變化並適當地調整用於為電池充電的充電方案。如上所提示,通常提供對輸電網負載平衡狀態變化敏捷的響應是較佳的,其具有較佳低於數秒,且更佳小於一秒的負載平衡響應時間。據此,步驟120和140可以高速率重複(例如大約每500毫秒)來因應和響應這種變化。步驟110和130可以執行一次、或者每隔一段時間執行一次以提供/更新充電準則、和/或當不同的電池時連接到系統以進行充電時。 It should be noted that steps 120 and 140 are preferably performed repeatedly and/or periodically to Monitor changes in the load balance state of the power network and adjust the charging scheme used to charge the battery as appropriate. As suggested above, it is generally preferred to provide a response to agile load cell state change agility, which has a load balancing response time preferably less than a few seconds, and more preferably less than one second. Accordingly, steps 120 and 140 can be repeated at a high rate (e.g., approximately every 500 milliseconds) to respond to and respond to such changes. Steps 110 and 130 may be performed once, or once every other time to provide/update charging criteria, and/or when different batteries are connected to the system for charging.
根據本發明的各種實施例,一充電方案可以一個或多個指示一電池該被充電的方式之充電參數來表示。在步驟150,為電池充電的操作指令(如資料和/或信號)乃基於在步驟140中選擇的充電方案的充電參數來決定。然後操作資料和/或信號即用於根據所選擇的方案操作一充電模組為一電池充電。例如,一充電方案可用指示充電模組的充電和非充電量狀態(開啟-關閉狀態)的單一參數來表示。 In accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, a charging scheme may be represented by one or more charging parameters indicative of the manner in which a battery is to be charged. At step 150, operational instructions (e.g., data and/or signals) for charging the battery are determined based on the charging parameters of the charging scheme selected in step 140. The operational data and/or signals are then used to operate a charging module to charge a battery in accordance with the selected protocol. For example, a charging scheme can be represented by a single parameter indicating the state of charge and non-charge states of the charging module (on-off state).
根據本發明的一些實施例可操作方法100以保持輸電網在稍微偏離平衡的負載狀態。這種操作方法100的方式也可用以促進提供給電網發電量的變動。例如,在充電尖峰時間,當多個電動車輛連接以充電,可能希望“通知”輸電網的營運商/公用事業公司,增加電力供應到輸電網(增加發電量)。如上所提示,輸電網的營運商通常監測輸電網承受的負載,並相應地調整發電量以保持一負載平衡狀態。因此,保持輸電網狀態稍微過載“通知”營運商增加發電量,反之亦然。藉由使用合適的充電準則可以達成操作方法100以保持輸電網在稍微偏離平衡的負載狀態。例如,藉由使用把消耗電力的充電方案與這樣稍微過載的輸電網狀態予以相關聯之充電準則,可以獲得稍微過載的輸電網狀態。可替代地或額外地,上述步驟140和/或150的任何一個可以用來讓充電方案的選擇偏頗和/或讓運作的充電指令偏頗以影響一稍微偏離平衡的輸電網狀態。較佳地,操作方法100以保持輸電網在稍微偏離平衡的負載狀態,不包括輸電網的“主動”過負載/欠負載,而是當輸電網運作於接近最佳負載平衡狀態時被動地不去校正輸電網的一不平衡狀態。 Method 100 may be operated in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention to maintain the transmission grid in a slightly off-balanced load condition. This manner of operating method 100 can also be used to facilitate variations in the amount of power generated to the grid. For example, at the charging peak time, when multiple electric vehicles are connected to charge, it may be desirable to "notify" the operator/utility company of the transmission grid to increase power supply to the transmission grid (increasing power generation). As suggested above, the operator of the transmission grid usually monitors the load on the transmission grid and adjusts the amount of power generation to maintain a load balance. Therefore, keeping the grid state slightly overloaded "notifies" the operator to increase power generation and vice versa. The method of operation 100 can be achieved by using suitable charging criteria to maintain the transmission grid in a slightly off-balanced load condition. For example, a slightly overloaded grid state can be obtained by using a charging criterion that associates a power-consuming charging scheme with such a slightly overloaded grid state. Alternatively or additionally, any of the above steps 140 and/or 150 may be used to bias the selection of the charging scheme and/or bias the operating charging command to affect a slightly off-balanced grid state. Preferably, the method 100 is operated to maintain the transmission grid in a slightly off-balanced load state, excluding the "active" overload/underload of the transmission grid, but passively when the transmission grid operates close to the optimal load balancing state. To correct an imbalance in the transmission grid.
根據本發明的一些實施例,一充電方案可以一個或多個指示在充電過程中需獲得之電力/電流消耗的平均/額定速率的參數來表示。例如這可以藉調整一充電器模組的運作使之不超過所期望的電力/電流消耗來達 成。然而,在某些情況下,調整充電器運作所需的時間可能會大於所期望的負載平衡狀態響應時間。在這種情況下,在步驟150中,在過負載輸電網狀態的情況下,充電器模組的運作可能先關閉/斷開,然後充電器模組的運作特性可被調整至遵守要求的電力消耗水準/速率,而且.只有在那之後充電器可再度開啟。 According to some embodiments of the invention, a charging scheme may be represented by one or more parameters indicative of the average/rated rate of power/current consumption to be obtained during charging. For example, this can be achieved by adjusting the operation of a charger module so as not to exceed the expected power/current consumption. to make. However, in some cases, the time required to adjust the operation of the charger may be greater than the expected load balance state response time. In this case, in step 150, in the case of an overloaded transmission grid state, the operation of the charger module may be turned off/off first, and then the operational characteristics of the charger module may be adjusted to comply with the required power. Consumption level/rate, and only after that the charger can be turned on again.
可替換地或額外地,該充電器模組(或其他電力消耗設施)之一期望平均電力/電流消耗可藉由以週期/脈衝操作該電力消耗設施於來達成。例如,一特定的充電方案可以由指示用於對電池充電之一特定平均/額定電力消耗率的單一充電參數來指定/表示;例如2千瓦的額定電力消耗。考慮一情況,其中允許替那特定電池連續充電的電力消耗約10千瓦,那麼為了以2千瓦的平均電力消耗率替那電池充電,該電池應只在該時間的一小部分2千瓦/10千瓦=0.2期間被充電。根據本發明這可以藉由操作充電器模組於充電循環來獲得,該充電循環包括期間該電池被充電的充電時槽/週期以及期間該電池未被充電的休止時槽/週期其間。如此,在本發明的這樣的實施例中,在步驟150產生操作的資料/信號以在充電循環中為電池充電,其中一充電循環之充電週期持續時間與該充電循環之總持續時間之間的比例大致等於上述比例0.2。這提供以一額定電源消耗速率2千瓦對電池充電。由於這樣的脈衝操作導致的充電器模組電力消耗波動可以藉由以這種方式操作的多個不同步充電器來平均化,及/或這樣的波動可以由合適的電路(例如藉由使用電容器)平滑化。據此,利用這樣的技術,可以獲得基本上恆定且減少的電力消耗速率以從輸電網為多個電池充電,同時最佳化負載平衡且改善電力網路的穩定性。 Alternatively or additionally, one of the charger modules (or other power consuming facilities) expects that the average power/current consumption can be achieved by operating the power consuming facility in cycles/pulses. For example, a particular charging scheme may be specified/represented by a single charging parameter indicative of a particular average/rated power consumption rate for charging the battery; for example, a rated power consumption of 2 kilowatts. Consider a situation in which the power consumption for continuous charging of a particular battery is allowed to be about 10 kW, then in order to charge the battery at an average power consumption rate of 2 kW, the battery should only be a fraction of the time 2 kW/10 kW. Charged during the period of =0.2. This can be achieved in accordance with the present invention by operating a charger module that includes a charging time slot/period during which the battery is being charged and a rest period/period during which the battery is not being charged. Thus, in such an embodiment of the invention, the operational data/signal is generated at step 150 to charge the battery during the charging cycle, wherein between the charging cycle duration of a charging cycle and the total duration of the charging cycle The ratio is approximately equal to the above ratio of 0.2. This provides for charging the battery at a rated power consumption rate of 2 kilowatts. Charger module power consumption fluctuations due to such pulsed operations can be averaged by a plurality of asynchronous chargers operating in this manner, and/or such fluctuations can be made by suitable circuitry (eg, by using capacitors) ) Smoothing. Accordingly, with such techniques, a substantially constant and reduced rate of power consumption can be achieved to charge multiple batteries from the grid while optimizing load balancing and improving the stability of the power grid.
現在參考圖2A-2D,其綱要性地顯示幾個具體而且非限制性的以LUT型態示例的充電準則實施例。應當理解的是,等效的、或其他充電準則也可用如上面所提示之一個或多個公式和/或演算法的形式提供。還應當注意充電準則的其他方案可用於本發明之各種實施例,其具有相關於圖2A-2D任一者來描述的其他參數和/或參數的其他組合。 Referring now to Figures 2A-2D, there are shown, in detail, several specific and non-limiting charging criteria embodiments exemplified in the LUT type. It should be understood that equivalent or other charging criteria may also be provided in the form of one or more formulas and/or algorithms as suggested above. It should also be noted that other aspects of the charging criteria may be used with various embodiments of the present invention having other combinations of other parameters and/or parameters described in relation to any of Figures 2A-2D.
圖2A和2B說明安排在一查找表中的充電準則,其把輸電網頻率Fq(是輸電網之負載平衡狀態的一度量)之不同的值/範圍與各種充電方案的充電參數相關聯。圖2A中在此實施例充電方案乃由一單一的充電參 數指定,此參數是指示充電動作開啟和關閉狀態(連接/斷開充電電流供給)之一布林充電操作參數、或是由相應的充電方案所獲得之指示期望充電力消耗速率的充電功率參數CCP([千瓦])。圖2B中各種充電方案乃由一充電循環比例參數CCR([%])指定,此參數指示實際充電時間(脈衝持續時間)對整個充電週期的持續時間的一分數。可選擇地也提供額外的參數CCF([赫茲]),其指示充電循環/脈衝的重複率/頻率(這是一脈衝持續時間的倒數)。 2A and 2B illustrate charging criteria arranged in a lookup table that correlates different values/ranges of the grid frequency Fq (which is a measure of the load balancing state of the grid) with charging parameters for various charging schemes. The charging scheme in FIG. 2A in this embodiment is specified by a single charging parameter, which is one of the Boolean charging operating parameters indicating the charging action on and off states (connecting/disconnecting the charging current supply), or by corresponding The charging power parameter CC P ([kW]) obtained by the charging scheme indicating the desired charging power consumption rate. The various charging schemes in Figure 2B are specified by a charge cycle proportional parameter CC R ([%]) which indicates a fraction of the actual charge time (pulse duration) for the duration of the entire charge cycle. An additional parameter CC F ([Hertz]) is optionally also provided which indicates the repetition rate/frequency of the charge cycle/pulse (this is the reciprocal of a pulse duration).
根據本發明,為了增進輸電網的一負載平衡狀態且在沒有額外的參數(例如如上所述排定優先次序和/或電池參數)的情況下,選擇充電準則,使得該輸電網的負載平衡狀態(輸電網的頻率Fq參數)和該充電方案的電力消耗速率之間有一正相關。為此,相關於圖2A和2B的充電準則,應在充電電力消耗速率參數CCP及充電循環比例參數CCR其中至少一者與該輸電網的頻率Fq參數之間提供一正相關。據此,對於欠負載輸電網狀態,其中輸電網的頻率相對比較高,將使用具有更高電力消耗(例如以及較短的總充電時間)的充電方案,對於過負載輸電網狀態反之亦然。 According to the present invention, in order to improve a load balancing state of the transmission grid and without additional parameters (such as scheduling priorities and/or battery parameters as described above), charging criteria are selected such that the load balancing state of the transmission grid There is a positive correlation between the frequency Fq parameter of the transmission grid and the power consumption rate of the charging scheme. To this end, with respect to the charging criteria of Figures 2A and 2B, a positive correlation should be provided between at least one of the charging power consumption rate parameter CC P and the charging cycle proportional parameter CC R and the frequency Fq parameter of the transmission grid. Accordingly, for an under-loaded grid state in which the frequency of the grid is relatively high, a charging scheme with higher power consumption (eg, and a shorter total charging time) will be used, and vice versa for an overloaded grid state.
圖2C說明根據本發明一充電準則之另一實施例,其把具有指示該輸電網之負載平衡狀態的參數之各種充電方案與包括排定優先次序參數及電池參數的額外參數予以相關聯。例如,在此,按照相對於一平衡輸電網狀態之電力負載之該電網承受的超額負載,提供以百分比表示的一負載平衡指標/參數LB。可選擇地,此參數在輸電網中的值可從一外部設施傳達,如一中央控制系統,而不是直接從輸電網量測。額外地,在此例子中,充電方案由一單一充電操作參數CO來表示,其為指示充電器模組之開啟和關閉狀態的一布林參數。 2C illustrates another embodiment of a charging criterion in accordance with the present invention that associates various charging schemes having parameters indicative of the load balancing state of the grid with additional parameters including scheduling priorities and battery parameters. For example, here, a load balancing indicator/parameter LB expressed as a percentage is provided in accordance with the excess load experienced by the grid relative to the electrical load of a balanced grid state. Alternatively, the value of this parameter in the transmission grid can be communicated from an external facility, such as a central control system, rather than directly from the transmission grid. Additionally, in this example, the charging scheme is represented by a single charging operating parameter CO, which is a Boolean parameter indicating the on and off states of the charger module.
在圖2C所說明的充電準則還包括排定優先次序參數和電池參數,其允許根據該電池和/或與其相關聯的充電器之特性,並還根據要提供予該電池或其相關聯用戶/車輛的某一期望服務水準按優先次序,為某些特定的電池提供優先充電。為達成提供一期望服務水準,也可以考慮指示該電池(或與其相關聯的EV)之預期使用、該電池/EV之狀態的某些參數。 The charging criteria illustrated in FIG. 2C also includes prioritization parameters and battery parameters that allow for characteristics based on the battery and/or charger associated therewith, and also according to the battery or its associated user/ A certain level of service of the vehicle is prioritized to provide priority charging for certain batteries. In order to achieve a desired level of service, certain parameters indicative of the intended use of the battery (or EV associated therewith), the state of the battery/EV, may also be considered.
這裡應當指出的是,用語排定優先次序參數在本文被提及時乃是廣泛地相關聯於各種屬性/參數,其指示為電池充電時的優先次序及用以影響充電方案的選擇。為此,排定優先次序參數可包括以下參數中的一 個或多個及可能的額外參數之任何組合: It should be noted here that the term ordering parameters are broadly associated with various attributes/parameters as referred to herein, which indicate the priority when charging the battery and the choices used to influence the charging scheme. To this end, the prioritization parameter may include one of the following parameters: Any combination of one or more and possibly additional parameters:
(i)SOC-電池的充電量狀態(SOC)。可以由存儲於電池裡的能量總量和/或所存儲的能量相對於充滿電的電池狀態之分數所指示。 (i) SOC-Battery state of charge (SOC). The amount of energy stored in the battery and/or the stored energy may be indicated relative to the fraction of the fully charged battery state.
(ii)EU-電池的預期用法(例如以千瓦時為單位),其在一特定的時段內為夠用的。這也可由一連接到該電池之裝置/EV的預期用法(例如期望行駛公里數)所指示。 (ii) The intended use of the EU-battery (eg, in kilowatt hours), which is sufficient for a specific period of time. This can also be indicated by the intended usage of a device/EV connected to the battery (e.g., the number of kilometers traveled desired).
(iii)SL-服務水準參數可以是一數字,指示與電池充電相關聯的服務水準協議(SLA)。 (iii) The SL-Service Level parameter can be a number indicating a Service Level Agreement (SLA) associated with battery charging.
還應當指出的是,用語電池參數在本文中用於指示任何一個或多個參數,這些參數指示電池充電的特性(例如,在充電過程中的電流/電力消耗)。這樣的參數可以與電池本身的類型、和/或與該電池有關聯的充電器和/或與任何其他可能影響電池充電操作之元件(一或多數個)/因素(一或多數個)相關聯。電池參數也可以用在本實施例中以確定將與特定的電池類型/身份共同使用的一合適充電方案。這樣的參數之一個特定的非限制性的例子,可以包括下列或其任何組合: It should also be noted that the term battery parameters are used herein to indicate any one or more parameters that indicate characteristics of battery charging (eg, current/power consumption during charging). Such parameters may be associated with the type of battery itself, and/or the charger associated with the battery and/or with any other component (one or more)/factors (one or more) that may affect the battery charging operation. . Battery parameters can also be used in this embodiment to determine a suitable charging scheme that will be used in conjunction with a particular battery type/identity. A specific, non-limiting example of such parameters may include the following or any combination thereof:
(i)BT-安裝在EV上的電池,其類型或其它屬性(未顯示於圖中)。 (i) BT - The type of battery or other attributes installed on the EV (not shown).
(ii)CG-用於對電池充電的電池控制器/充電器(例如BMS)的類型(未顯示於圖中)。 (ii) CG - Type of battery controller/charger (eg BMS) used to charge the battery (not shown).
(iii)I-電池充電時汲取的電流。 (iii) The current drawn by the I-battery while charging.
(iv)BC-電池的電力存儲容量。 (iv) BC-Battery power storage capacity.
如上所提示,充電準則通常被設計以最佳化輸電網中的負載平衡,同時較佳地還提供改善的電力再補充服務水準。這可以根據本發明藉由設計充電準則而獲得,其使得對於排定優先次序和電池參數值的相同集合,輸電網負載平衡狀態與系統針對該狀態所提供之相應充電方案的電力消耗速率之間存在一負相關。例如對於相同的排定優先次序,對較慢的輸電網頻率將提供較高電力消耗的方案。另一方面,為了改善電力再補充服務的服務水準,充電準則也可以被設計成使得對於類似的負載平衡狀態排定優先次序參數和相應充電方案的電力消耗速率之間存在一正相關。例如,對於一特定的輸電網頻率,具有較高優先級的電池將較快或首先充電。 As suggested above, the charging criteria are typically designed to optimize load balancing in the transmission grid while preferably providing improved power replenishment service levels. This can be achieved in accordance with the present invention by designing a charging criterion that allows for the same set of prioritization and battery parameter values, between the grid load balancing state and the power consumption rate of the system for the corresponding charging scheme provided by the state. There is a negative correlation. For example, for the same prioritization, a slower transmission grid frequency will provide a higher power consumption scheme. On the other hand, in order to improve the service level of the power replenishment service, the charging criteria can also be designed such that there is a positive correlation between similar load balancing state prioritization parameters and the power consumption rate of the corresponding charging scheme. For example, for a particular grid frequency, a battery with a higher priority will be charged faster or first.
轉到圖2D,圖中一般性地說明可用於將一個或多個充電方 案與負載平衡參數和排定優先次序參數之值予以相關聯的一充電準則LUT。在此,沒有顯示出特定的充電方案參數(一或多數個)和排定優先次序參數(一或多數個)。又,在此為每個充電方案指示一滯後參數。例如,此參數可以指定一差距/差值,其為根據一特定充電方案觸發充電器以運作之所在頻率與根據該方案充電器應停止運作之所在一頻率之間的差距/差值。 Turning to Figure 2D, the figure generally illustrates that one or more charging parties can be used A charging criterion LUT associated with the value of the load balancing parameter and the prioritization parameter. Here, specific charging scheme parameters (one or more) and scheduling priorities (one or more) are not shown. Again, a hysteresis parameter is indicated here for each charging scheme. For example, this parameter can specify a difference/difference, which is the difference/difference between the frequency at which the charger is activated to operate according to a particular charging scheme and the frequency at which the charger should cease to operate according to the scheme.
應當指出,根據本發明的一些實施例,充電準則可以包括某一或多個指示具有一負電力消耗速率之充電方案的準則。即,充電方案裡電力是由電池汲取至輸電網。例如,對於某些過負載輸電網狀態(例如在圖2A中由Fq參數所指出的低頻率值),一負電力消耗速率可以由相應的充電參數的值(一或多數個)(例如在圖2A中CCP參數負的值)所提供。為此,充電準則可以被配置成使得負電力消耗速率是根據某些排定優先次序參數的值(如SOC和EU參數)來提供。這樣的參數的值也可以用來確定電池是否充電到超過滿足車輛的預期用法,並在這種情況下,允許由電池汲取電力至輸電網。 It should be noted that in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, the charging criteria may include one or more criteria indicative of a charging scheme having a negative power consumption rate. That is, the power in the charging scheme is drawn from the battery to the transmission grid. For example, for certain overloaded grid states (eg, the low frequency values indicated by the Fq parameter in Figure 2A), a negative power consumption rate may be determined by the value of the corresponding charging parameter (one or more) (eg, in the figure) The negative value of CC P parameter in 2A) is provided. To this end, the charging criteria can be configured such that the negative power consumption rate is provided according to values of certain prioritized parameters, such as SOC and EU parameters. The value of such a parameter can also be used to determine if the battery is charging beyond the intended usage of the vehicle, and in this case, allowing the battery to draw power to the grid.
現在參考圖3,其是一個方塊圖,示意性地說明根據本發明用於為電池(一或多數個)充電的一系統300。系統300可以實現在一單一的充電單元/模組中、或作為一分散式系統,其某些模組位在不同的地方(例如分佈於待充電裝置/EV/電池、一充電器/充電柱/站、和一中央控制系統之間)。在該系統以一非分散式系統實現的情況中,它可以整體安裝在一個充電站/柱,或與待充電的設備一起安裝(例如搭載於EV上),並且/或者它可以作為一攜帶式系統用於從電網為電池充電。 Reference is now made to Fig. 3, which is a block diagram schematically illustrating a system 300 for charging a battery (one or more) in accordance with the present invention. System 300 can be implemented in a single charging unit/module, or as a decentralized system, with some of the modules located in different locations (eg, distributed to the device to be charged/EV/battery, a charger/charging column) / station, and a central control system). In the case where the system is implemented in a non-decentralized system, it can be mounted integrally on a charging station/column, or installed with the device to be charged (eg mounted on the EV), and/or it can be used as a portable The system is used to charge the battery from the grid.
系統300包括一電力網路監測模組320和一充電控制器330。電力網監測模組320與電力網路相聯結,並適用於提供指示輸電網負載平衡狀態的資料LBV。充電控制器330可連接到電力網路監測模組320,並適用於利用該資料LBV以確定用於為一電池充電的一合適充電方案SCH。通常,根據本發明的一些實施例,系統300還包括一個充電協定模組310,其可操作用於將不同的輸電網負載平衡狀態(例如LBV資料)與指示某一充電作業特性之合適的充電方案予以相關聯。充電協定模組310配置成並可操作用於提供資料CRT,其指示把至少一負載平衡參數(例如LBV資料)的一個或多個值與相應的充電方案予以相關聯的一個或多個充電準 則。為此,充電控制器330可連接到充電協定模組310以從其接收指示適當充電方案SCH的資料。可替代地或額外地,充電控制器330可以配置成並可操作用於在內部實現充電協定模組310的功能;例如充電協定模組310可以被包括在/整合於充電控制器330。 System 300 includes a power network monitoring module 320 and a charge controller 330. The power network monitoring module 320 is coupled to the power network and is adapted to provide a data LBV indicative of the load balancing state of the transmission network. The charge controller 330 can be coupled to the power network monitoring module 320 and adapted to utilize the data LBV to determine a suitable charging scheme SCH for charging a battery. Generally, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, system 300 further includes a charging agreement module 310 operable to load different grid load balancing states (e.g., LBV data) with appropriate charging indicative of a charging operation characteristic. The programme is linked. The charging agreement module 310 is configured and operable to provide a data CRT indicating one or more charging criteria associated with one or more values of at least one load balancing parameter (eg, LBV data) with a corresponding charging scheme then. To this end, the charge controller 330 can be coupled to the charge agreement module 310 to receive data therefrom indicative of the appropriate charging scheme SCH. Alternatively or additionally, the charge controller 330 can be configured and operable to implement the functionality of the charge agreement module 310 internally; for example, the charge agreement module 310 can be included/integrated in the charge controller 330.
根據本發明的一些實施例,系統300還包括一個排定優先次序模組340,其被配置成並可操作用以提供與按優先次序為電池充電相關聯之一個或多個排定優先次序參數的值。在這些實施例中充電準則CRT也可將排定優先次序參數的值與對應的充電方案予以相關聯。 In accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, system 300 further includes a prioritization module 340 that is configured and operable to provide one or more prioritization parameters associated with prioritizing battery charging Value. The charging criteria CRT in these embodiments may also associate the value of the prioritization parameter with a corresponding charging scheme.
又,根據本發明的一些實施例,系統300包括,或相關聯於,一個電池充電模組350。電池充電模組350可連接到充電控制器330,並適用於由其接收操作指令以根據所選擇的方案對一電池充電。操作指令,可以是傳達給電池充電模組350的資料和/或信號的形式。電池充電模組350可以是系統300的一部分,或者它可以關聯於一採用系統300的待充電車輛/裝置。 Again, system 300 includes, or is associated with, a battery charging module 350, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. Battery charging module 350 can be coupled to charging controller 330 and is adapted to receive operational commands therefrom to charge a battery in accordance with the selected scheme. The operational instructions may be in the form of data and/or signals communicated to the battery charging module 350. The battery charging module 350 can be part of the system 300 or it can be associated with a vehicle/device to be charged that employs the system 300.
如上所提示,根據本發明的的一些實施例,藉由利用可具備負電力消耗率之充電方案,可以達成改善配電網路之負載平衡狀態。在這樣的實施例中,充電控制器330可配置為根據所選擇的方案,進行任何以下操作:從輸電網提供電力予電池,以替電池以某一速率充電;以及從電池汲取電力/電流至輸電網(例如為了紓解過負載輸電網狀態)。為此,電池充電模組350可以被配置成可以在充電過程中控制電力消耗率以及可以從電池汲取電力/電流。在這方面,充電控制器330可適用於根據電池充電模組350的能力來操作。 As suggested above, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, improved load balancing conditions of the power distribution network can be achieved by utilizing a charging scheme that can have a negative power consumption rate. In such an embodiment, the charge controller 330 can be configured to perform any of the following operations according to the selected scheme: providing power from the grid to the battery to charge the battery at a rate; and drawing power/current from the battery to Transmission grid (for example, to understand the state of the overloaded transmission grid). To this end, the battery charging module 350 can be configured to control the rate of power consumption during charging and to draw power/current from the battery. In this regard, the charge controller 330 can be adapted to operate in accordance with the capabilities of the battery charging module 350.
對於某些類型的電力消耗設施(如某些類型的充電模組350)變更它們的操作以改變它們的電力消耗率所需的時間長於系統300應提供的一期望實時響應時間。因此,根據本發明的一些實施例,為了提供對輸電網負載平衡狀態的變化的實時響應,系統的充電控制器330根據輸電網狀態可操作來選擇性地切換(開/關)對這樣的電力消耗設施的電流供給。切換電流供應可以非常迅速地完成,藉此提供對輸電網負載平衡狀態的的實時響應。可選擇地,同時,在電力消耗設施已經斷開之後,充電控制器330可以操作變更其操作模式以遵從所期望的電力消耗速率。在某些情況下, 此操作可能耗費比期望的響應時間還要長,因此,在第一次連接/斷開該電力消耗設施的動作之後變成“離線”。然後,一旦根據充電準則該操作模式被變更,該電力消耗設施被再次連接。 It may take longer for certain types of power consuming facilities (such as certain types of charging modules 350) to change their operation to change their power consumption rate than a desired real time response time that system 300 should provide. Thus, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, in order to provide a real-time response to changes in the load balancing state of the grid, the charging controller 330 of the system is operable to selectively switch (on/off) such power according to the state of the grid. The current supply of the facility is consumed. The switching current supply can be done very quickly, thereby providing a real-time response to the grid load balancing state. Alternatively, at the same time, after the power consuming facility has been disconnected, the charge controller 330 can operate to change its mode of operation to comply with the desired rate of power consumption. Under certain circumstances, This operation may take longer than the expected response time and, therefore, becomes "offline" after the first connection/disconnection of the power consuming facility. Then, once the mode of operation is changed according to the charging criteria, the power consuming facility is reconnected.
應當指出,根據本發明的一些實施例,系統300或某些其模組也可以實現為一個計算機化的系統/電路。為此目的,系統300可以與一個或多個處理器和存儲器模組(在圖中未具體示出)相聯結。就這一點而言,系統300的一個或多個模組可以實現為軟件和/或硬件模組,其與一個或多個處理器和存儲器模組相關聯操作。就這一點而言,根據本發明的一些實施例,系統300被配置成利用資料通信以與一控制中心399、和/或與將由該系統充電的電力消耗設施(例如EV的或電池控制器)、和/或與用戶識別裝置進行通信。為此目的,系統300還可以與一個或多個資料通信模組(圖中未具體示出)相聯結。這些可能是例如藍牙(BT)和無線區域網路(WIFI)通信模組和近場通信(NFC)模組,例如,射頻識別(RFID)。 It should be noted that system 300 or some of its modules may also be implemented as a computerized system/circuit in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. To this end, system 300 can be coupled to one or more processors and memory modules (not specifically shown in the figures). In this regard, one or more modules of system 300 can be implemented as software and/or hardware modules that operate in association with one or more processors and memory modules. In this regard, system 300 is configured to utilize data communication with a control center 399, and/or with a power consuming facility (eg, an EV or battery controller) to be charged by the system, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. And/or communicate with a user identification device. For this purpose, system 300 can also be coupled to one or more data communication modules (not specifically shown). These may be, for example, Bluetooth (BT) and Wireless Local Area Network (WIFI) communication modules and Near Field Communication (NFC) modules, such as radio frequency identification (RFID).
電力網路監測模組320提供/確定指示輸電網負載平衡狀態的資料LBV。電力網路監測模組320可以是例如可連接到輸電網的電力供給並配置用於測量指示輸電網負載平衡狀態的某些電力參數,例如輸電網的頻率。可替代地或額外地,電力網路監測模組320可以適用於接收指示負載平衡狀態的資料/信號。例如,電力網路監測模組320可以相關聯於一資料通信模組(如調變解調器)並適用於與一控制中心或輸電網/網路資訊中心通信,以從其接收負載平衡狀態資料LBV。 The power network monitoring module 320 provides/determines a data LBV indicating the load balancing state of the transmission network. The power network monitoring module 320 can be, for example, a power supply connectable to the grid and configured to measure certain power parameters indicative of the load grid balance state of the grid, such as the frequency of the grid. Alternatively or additionally, the power network monitoring module 320 can be adapted to receive data/signals indicative of load balancing conditions. For example, the power network monitoring module 320 can be associated with a data communication module (such as a modem) and adapted to communicate with a control center or a grid/network information center to receive load balancing status data therefrom. LBV.
充電協定模組310至少利用指示輸電網負載平衡狀態的資料LBV以選擇適合於在測得的輸電網負載平衡條件下為一電池充電的一適當充電方案SCH。充電協定模組310可利用充電準則CRT為不同的負載平衡狀態決定合適的充電方案。如上所提示,充電準則可包括一規則、一公式和/或一LUT,其將不同輸電網頻率的值(或其他負載平衡參數)與具有不同電力消耗速率之不同的充電方案(例如充電參數)予以相關聯。 The charging agreement module 310 utilizes at least the data LBV indicating the load balancing state of the transmission grid to select an appropriate charging scheme SCH suitable for charging a battery under the measured grid load balancing conditions. The charging agreement module 310 can use the charging criterion CRT to determine a suitable charging scheme for different load balancing states. As suggested above, the charging criteria may include a rule, a formula, and/or a LUT that different values (or other load balancing parameters) of different transmission grid frequencies than different charging schemes (eg, charging parameters) having different power consumption rates. Be associated.
根據一些實施例充電協定模組310可適用於在內部決定和/或計算充電準則。可選擇地或額外地,充電協定模組310可適用於與另一設施通信以由其接收充電準則。在後者的情況下,該充電準則可以藉由與系統300相聯結之中央控制系統399接收和/或更新。資料通信可以通過利 用與系統300相關聯的一合適的資料通信模組進行。 The charging agreement module 310 can be adapted to internally determine and/or calculate charging criteria in accordance with some embodiments. Alternatively or additionally, the charging agreement module 310 can be adapted to communicate with another facility to receive charging criteria therefrom. In the latter case, the charging criteria can be received and/or updated by the central control system 399 coupled to the system 300. Data communication can pass This is done with a suitable data communication module associated with system 300.
根據本發明的一些實施例,系統300被配置成改善網路/輸電網的負載平衡。這是關聯於當輸電網過負載時紓解對輸電網超額的電力/電流需求以及當輸電網欠負載時增加電力/電流消耗。為此目的,該充電協定模組310可適用於對過負載輸電網狀態(例如輸電網之低測得頻率)聯繫較低電力消耗的充電方案和對欠負載輸電網狀態(例如高輸電網頻率)聯繫較高電力消耗的充電方案。 According to some embodiments of the invention, system 300 is configured to improve load balancing of the network/transmission grid. This is related to the excess power/current demand on the grid when the grid is overloaded and the increase in power/current consumption when the grid is under load. To this end, the charging agreement module 310 can be adapted to contact a lower power consumption charging scheme for an overloaded grid state (eg, a low measured frequency of the transmission grid) and an underload transmission grid state (eg, a high transmission grid frequency) ) Contact a charging scheme with higher power consumption.
系統300可以被配置用於提供對於輸電網負載平衡狀態變化敏捷的響應,其具有少於數秒並且較佳地少於一秒的響應時間。這可藉由把網路監測模組320配置成用於實時監測輸電網負載平衡狀態(較佳地通過直接監測/測量輸電網頻率)並提供指示其狀態之資料LBV來達成。然後充電控制器330也可以被配置成實時操作以對負載平衡狀態的變化響應並選擇一合適的充電方案SCHM以用於相應地實時調整充電器模組350的充電電力消耗。為了提供實時的負載平衡響應,把系統300配置成一獨立設施是有利的,其中該獨立設施獨立於其他設施操作,從而容許它不使用實時資料通信即可操作以最佳化輸電網的負載平衡狀態。應當指出,這樣的系統300的配置中資料通信仍然可被用於非實時(如背景)的操作,例如更新充電準則CRT和被充電電池排定優先次序及電池參數的值。 System 300 can be configured to provide agile response to grid load balancing state changes having a response time of less than a few seconds and preferably less than one second. This can be accomplished by configuring the network monitoring module 320 for real-time monitoring of the grid load balancing state (preferably by directly monitoring/measuring the grid frequency) and providing information LBV indicating its status. The charge controller 330 can then also be configured to operate in real time to respond to changes in the load balancing state and select a suitable charging scheme SCHM for correspondingly adjusting the charging power consumption of the charger module 350 in real time. In order to provide a real-time load balancing response, it is advantageous to configure the system 300 as a stand-alone facility that operates independently of other facilities, allowing it to operate without real-time data communication to optimize the load balancing state of the grid. . It should be noted that data communication in the configuration of such system 300 can still be used for non-real time (eg, background) operations, such as updating the charging criteria CRT and the battery being prioritized and the values of the battery parameters.
根據本發明的一些實施例,充電協定模組310適用於產生/計算一個或多個充電準則CRT,其將不同的充電方案(例如不同的充電參數)與輸電網負載平衡參數的各種值和可能還有與排定優先次序參數的各種值予以相關聯。可替代地或額外地,充電協定模組310可以適用於用於由一外部設施(如一控制中心399)獲得/更新充電準則CRT和/或相應的充電方案。充電協定模組310可以透過有線或無線通信連接到這樣的外部設施。充電協定模組也可以對從外部設施(如一控制中心399)來的更新有所反應。此類更新可以包括充電準則CRT的更新和/或與其相關聯之充電方案的更新。更新可以由外部設施(如一控制中心399)提供,例如對一電力消耗策略的改變作出反應和/或根據待充電車輛/電池的一狀態/類型。為此,充電協定模組也可被配置成發起請求以接收為特定電池/EV充電的充電準則更新。 According to some embodiments of the invention, the charging agreement module 310 is adapted to generate/calculate one or more charging criteria CRTs that would different charging schemes (eg, different charging parameters) and various values and possible values of the grid load balancing parameters There are also various values associated with the prioritization parameters. Alternatively or additionally, the charging agreement module 310 can be adapted for obtaining/updating a charging criterion CRT and/or a corresponding charging scheme by an external facility, such as a control center 399. The charging agreement module 310 can be connected to such an external facility via wired or wireless communication. The charging agreement module can also react to updates from external facilities such as a control center 399. Such updates may include updates to the charging criteria CRT and/or updates to the charging scheme associated therewith. The update may be provided by an external facility, such as a control center 399, such as reacting to changes in a power consumption policy and/or depending on a state/type of vehicle/battery to be charged. To this end, the charging agreement module can also be configured to initiate a request to receive a charging criteria update for charging a particular battery/EV.
如上所提示,輸電網性能和負載平衡,和提供改善且更精確的電力再補充服務,可藉由根據至少一些排定優先次序和/或電池參數來選擇充電方案而提供。根據本發明的一些實施例,系統300包括排定優先次序模組340,其負責儲存並可選地接收指示一個或多個排定優先次序參數和/或待充電的電池/EV的電池參數的資料。透過與裝載電池的車輛/裝置的直接或間接通信和/或透過與一外部設施(例如控制中心399)通信,排定優先次序模組340可以被配置成和可操作以獲得這樣的資料、或其中的部分。 As suggested above, grid performance and load balancing, and providing improved and more accurate power replenishment services, may be provided by selecting a charging scheme based on at least some prioritization and/or battery parameters. In accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, system 300 includes a prioritization module 340 that is responsible for storing and optionally receiving battery parameters indicative of one or more prioritized parameters and/or battery/EV to be charged. data. The prioritization module 340 can be configured and operable to obtain such information, either by direct or indirect communication with a battery-loaded vehicle/device and/or by communicating with an external facility (eg, control center 399), or Part of it.
在控制中心399提供排定優先次序和/或電池資料PRI的情況下,它需要能夠確定/識別將由系統300充電的電池或車輛。這樣的識別資料可以直接從車輛或由系統300供給予控制中心399。因此,根據本發明的一些實施例,系統300還包括一識別模組360其被被配置成並可操作以容許待充電電池的識別。為此,可識別電池的資料IDV可能包括,例如,下列的任一項:識別電池本身和/或它的類型和/或識別搭載該電池的設備/車輛和/或識別該電池的用戶。識別模組360可相關聯於一通信模組和/或用戶輸入模組(圖中未示出),識別資料IDV可經其提供。例如識別模組360可利用射頻率識別(RFID)或近場通信(NFC)技術,以識別指示該電池和/或它的用戶和/或與電池相關聯之車輛的資料IDV。可替代地或額外地,識別模組360可以與資料通信網路,如藍牙(BT)或無線區域網(WIFI)相關聯,並且可以被配置成與車輛/電池之一控制器通信,以從其接收識別資料IDV還有可能地排定優先次序和電池資料PRI。 Where control center 399 provides prioritization and/or battery data PRI, it needs to be able to determine/identify the battery or vehicle that will be charged by system 300. Such identification data may be provided to the control center 399 directly from the vehicle or by the system 300. Thus, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention, system 300 further includes an identification module 360 that is configured and operable to permit identification of the battery to be charged. To this end, the identifiable data IDV of the battery may include, for example, any of the following: identifying the battery itself and/or its type and/or identifying the device/vehicle carrying the battery and/or the user identifying the battery. The identification module 360 can be associated with a communication module and/or a user input module (not shown) through which the identification data IDV can be provided. For example, the identification module 360 can utilize radio frequency identification (RFID) or near field communication (NFC) technology to identify the data IDV indicative of the battery and/or its users and/or vehicles associated with the battery. Alternatively or additionally, the identification module 360 can be associated with a data communication network, such as Bluetooth (BT) or Wireless Area Network (WIFI), and can be configured to communicate with one of the vehicle/battery controllers to It is also possible to prioritize and battery data PRI by receiving the identification data IDV.
電池識別資料IDV可選擇地可由排定優先次序模組340所使用以決定排定優先次序或電池參數PRI。在這樣的情況下識別模組可以是可連接到排定優先次序模組340以對其傳達識別資料IDV。 The battery identification data IDV can optionally be used by the prioritization module 340 to determine the prioritization or battery parameter PRI. In such a case, the identification module may be connectable to the prioritization module 340 to communicate the identification data IDV thereto.
可替代地或額外地,根據本發明的一些實施例,識別資料IDV由從識別模組360向中央控制系統399傳達。中央控制系統399可利用識別資料IDV以確定待傳達給排定優先次序模組340之排定優先次序和/或電池資料PRI。 Alternatively or additionally, the identification material IDV is communicated from the recognition module 360 to the central control system 399, in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. The central control system 399 can utilize the identification data IDV to determine the prioritization and/or battery data PRI to be communicated to the prioritization module 340.
110‧‧‧為充電方案提供充電準則 110‧‧‧Provide charging guidelines for charging solutions
120‧‧‧提供輸電網之瞬時負載平衡狀態 120‧‧‧ Provide instantaneous load balancing status of the transmission network
130‧‧‧為替特定電池(例如特定電動車輛)充電提供排定優先次序資料 130‧‧‧ Provides prioritization data for charging specific batteries (eg specific electric vehicles)
140‧‧‧利用該準則和該負載平衡參數決定一充電方案 140‧‧‧ Use this criterion and the load balancing parameters to determine a charging scheme
150‧‧‧為充電決定操作指令 150‧‧‧Determining operation instructions for charging
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WO2013102894A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
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