TW201329495A - Optical system with microelectromechanical system image focus actuator - Google Patents

Abstract

An optical system that employs a MEMS actuator to achieve focus is described herein. By way of example, the optical system can be configured to achieve close focus and infinity focus by adjusting position of a subset of optical components of the optical system. In some aspects, the MEMS actuator is configured to adjust position of an object-side lens to focus an image of an object. In other aspects, the MEMS actuator can be configured to adjust a position of the object-side lens and an aperture stop to focus the image of the object. Further, the object-side or aperture stop can be made of lightweight material to facilitate movement by a MEMS actuator. The object-side lens can provide a substantial amount of optical power for the optical system, and can be configured to achieve focus of an image of an object at least as close as 10cm from the aperture stop.

Description

Optical system with MEMS image focus actuator

The present invention relates generally to imaging optics, and more particularly to a compact optical lens system having a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuator for focusing the optical lens system.

The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/550,789, filed on Oct. 24, 2011, which is incorporated herein by reference. The above-referenced application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Combined with advances in optical fabrication technology, the use of optical devices and optical devices has become numerous. One of the interesting advances in optical technology is the fabrication of microlenses and other optical components on a millimeter or micrometer scale or smaller. Micro-optical devices have made optical systems compatible with smaller than conventional telescopes, microscopes, cameras, and the like, as compared to conventional optical components, typically on the centimeters or larger scale.

One mechanism that facilitates the fabrication of micro-optical devices is wafer-level optics. Wafer-level optics is a fabrication technique that enables the design and fabrication of optical components using techniques similar to semiconductor fabrication. The technique can be scaled generally in different size scales (eg, millimeters, micrometers, etc.). In addition, wafer level optics can produce single element and multi-element optical structures, resulting in a precisely aligned stack of lens elements. The end result of wafer-level optics provides a cost-effective, compact optical component that achieves light The reduced appearance size of the system. These optical systems can be used in a wide variety of small devices or small devices, including camera modules for mobile phones, surveillance devices, small video cameras, and the like.

While wafer-level optics are one of the relatively recent technologies used to make small optical components, some traditional fabrication techniques have also been applied to small-scale optical fabrication. For example, small scale optical components can be fabricated using injection molding and other plastic fabrication techniques. Further, glass fabrication techniques have been adapted to miniaturize optical components to provide high quality optical surfaces for small scale devices.

In addition to optical components, the miniaturization of digital imaging sensors has also contributed to the continued miniaturization of image capture and recording devices. Improvements in image sensors have utilized micro-scale physical animation to provide high-resolution image detectors with high signal-to-noise ratios and ever-decreasing costs. In combination with micro-optical devices, such as wafer-level optical components, the ability of small, relatively inexpensive digital capture and recording devices to match or exceed the relatively expensive but extremely high quality camera systems utilizing conventional optics of only a decade ago . Despite the high quality of modern micro-optics, a constant limitation is the zoom capability of small optical systems. One solution is to introduce a digital zoom that sacrifices optical resolution to magnify an image. For high resolution sensors, this typically provides a suitable alternative to conventional optical zoom capabilities. However, optical zoom offers the advantage that digital zoom cannot be achieved.

For example, the inventors of the disclosed subject matter suggest that a small optical system having one with optical autofocus capability would be desirable. In addition, an optical system that achieves near focusing will be desirable.

A simplified summary of one or more aspects is presented below to provide a basic understanding of one of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all aspects of the invention, and is not intended to identify the critical or critical elements of all aspects, and is not intended to define any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more embodiments

A particular aspect of the present disclosure provides a miniaturized optical system. In some aspects, the miniaturized optical system can include an injection molded optical system. In a further aspect, the miniaturized optical system can be an autofocus optical system comprising one of five optical components. In still other aspects, the miniaturized optical system can be an autofocus optical system that employs a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuator to achieve focus of the optical system.

In one or more other aspects of the present disclosure, an optical system employing a MEMS actuator to achieve near focus is provided. In one aspect, the near focus can include a substantially 10 cm object distance. Further, according to other aspects, the optical system can be configured to achieve near focus and infinity focusing by adjusting the position of a subset of optical components of the optical system. In a particular aspect, the subset of optical components can include a single optical component of one of the optical systems. In at least one such aspect, the single optical component can be along one of the optical axes of the optical system closest to one of the lenses (referred to as an object side lens) that is being imaged by the optical system. In this (equal) aspect, the MEMS actuator can be configured to: position the object side lens of the optical system configured to focus an object at infinity to be associated with the optical system a first distance on an image sensor and the object The side lens displacement is configured to focus a near object (eg, an object substantially 10 cm from the object side lens) to a second distance on the image sensor.

One of the autofocus optical systems disclosed herein can be configured to include an aperture stop in accordance with one or more additional aspects. In a particular aspect, the autofocus optical system can include an injection molded plastic lens, while in other aspects, the autofocus optical system can include a wafer level optical lens, a glass lens, or a suitable combination thereof. In another aspect, the aperture stop can be positioned on an object side of the object side lens of the optical system. In an alternative aspect, a MEMS actuator can be configured to move a subset of optical components of the optical system to focus an object while maintaining the aperture stop along an optical axis of the optical system In a fixed position. In another alternative, the MEMS actuator can alternatively be configured to move both the subset of optical components and the aperture stop relative to the optical axis to focus the object.

According to still other aspects, an autofocus optical system including a plurality of optical components is disclosed. In some such aspects, the plurality of optical components can include providing a plurality of optical powers to one of the object side lenses of the optical system. In at least one such aspect, the object side lens can comprise substantially half or more than half of the combined focal length of the optical system. In another aspect, the object side lens can comprise substantially three-quarters or more of the combined focal length of the optical system. In a particular aspect, a MEMS actuator is coupled to the object side lens and configured to shift the object side lens configuration to focus at a first distance of one of the objects at infinity, and The configuration is to focus on a second distance that is close to one of the objects of the optical system. According to a specific In an embodiment, a ratio of a focal length of the object side lens of the optical system to a combined focal length may vary with a difference in the first distance along the optical axis of the optical system and the second distance.

According to additional aspects, the present disclosure provides a micro-optic system comprising five optical lenses. In one aspect, one of the five optical lenses can be configured to supply all of the positive refractive power of the five optical lenses. In this aspect, the remaining four lenses have a combined net negative refractive power. In at least one particular aspect, the remaining four lenses may have respective negative refractive powers to have a combined net negative refractive power. According to an alternative or additional aspect, one of the five optical lenses may have a convex object side surface and a concave image side surface. As a further alternative or additional aspect, a spacing between one of the five optical lenses and one of the five optical lenses may be a maximum spacing between the lenses of the optical system. In another aspect, the micro-optic system can be an autofocus system wherein a subset of the five optical lenses are movable along an optical axis to improve focus of one of the optical systems. In a particular aspect, the subset of the five optical lenses can include the objective lens, and the subset can be moved by a MEMS actuator.

In a further aspect of the present disclosure, a micro-optic system comprising five optical lenses is provided. The five optical lenses can be configured as a plurality of lens groups, each lens group including a respective subset of the five optical lenses. Each group includes an inter-lens distance equal to or less than one (or more) distances between the plurality of optical groups. In still another aspect, each of the plurality of lens groups includes a concave portion and At least one optical surface of both of the convex portions. In a particular aspect, an effective focal length of the micro-optic system changes in response to a change in position along one of the optical axes of one of the five optical lenses, and in an alternative or additional aspect, One of the back focal lengths of the micro-optic system remains substantially the same in response to a change in position along the optical axis of the first lens.

To achieve the above and related ends, the one or more aspects include the features which are set forth in the Detailed Description, and which are particularly pointed out in the claims. Certain illustrative aspects of the one or more aspects are described in detail in the following description and the drawings. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various aspects of the various embodiments thereof,

Various aspects will now be described with reference to the drawings, in which the same elements are used to refer to the same elements. In the following description, for the purposes of illustration However, it will be apparent that this aspect can be practiced without such specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or more aspects.

In addition, it should be apparent that the teachings herein may be embodied in a variety of forms and that the specific structures or functions disclosed herein are merely representative. Based on the teachings herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the disclosed aspects can be implemented independently of other aspects and that two or more of these aspects can be combined in various ways. For example, any number of the aspects set forth herein can be used to implement a device and/or practice a method. In addition, it can A device and/or a method of practice may be implemented by other structures and/or functions in addition to or in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein. As an example, the various devices and lens systems disclosed herein are set forth in the context of providing high resolution optical imaging via a compact fixed position optical lens configuration. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that similar techniques can be applied to other optical lens architectures. For example, the lens configuration used herein can be used in a mechanical focus or autofocus system whereby the optical configuration is automatically displaced or manually displaced relative to the image plane.

In at least one aspect of the present disclosure, an optical imaging system is provided. The optical imaging system can include a first lens group and a second lens group. The optical imaging system can be focused by repositioning the first lens group relative to a second lens group along an optical axis of the optical imaging system. In at least one aspect of the present disclosure, the second lens group includes an image sensor of the optical imaging system. In a particular aspect of the present disclosure, the first lens group can include a single lens. For example, the single lens can include an object side lens that is closest to one of the optical elements of one of the object side of the optical imaging system.

Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary optical system 100 in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. System 100 includes one configuration of optical elements 102 positioned transverse to an optical axis 104. As used herein, an optical element refers to a sheet that is at least partially transparent or at least partially transparent to electromagnetic radiation (eg, comprising a wavelength of approximately 400 nanometers [nm] to 700 nanometers) in the visible spectrum. material. Examples of suitable materials include: Polished and polished glass, molded glass or glass formed according to a replication molding process, wafer level optical device (WLO), injection molded plastic, etched micro-optical device formed on an optical substrate Or something like that. Additionally, an optical component will have at least one refractive or reflective surface. An example of one of the optical elements utilized herein is an optical lens. An optical lens system comprising one of: two opposing refractive surfaces, and an edge between the opposing surfaces defining one of the outer diameters of the lens (for a circular lens) or a perimeter, and the lens One of the edge thicknesses. A typical configuration of an optical lens includes a series of lenses 102 that are at least substantially transverse to an axis (optical axis 104). However, it should be understood that there are other possible configurations consistent with the disclosure of the present invention. A "lens assembly" is defined herein as: (A) a single lens element that is spaced apart from any adjacent lens element such that the spacing cannot be ignored when calculating the image forming properties of the individual lens elements, or (B) Two or more lens elements that are completely in solid contact adjacent the lens surface or so tight that any spacing between adjacent lens surfaces is small enough to be negligible in calculating the image formation properties of the two or more lens elements The (equal) spacing. Therefore, some lens elements may also be lens components, and the terms "lens element" and "lens assembly" are not mutually exclusive terms. In addition, it should be understood that the term "optical component" is used herein to refer to an item having a superset of one of the salient properties of an imaging optical system, and including optical elements such as lens elements and lens assemblies, and including but not limited to apertures. Various optical apertures of the aperture, but may also include various other items such as a film, a bandpass filter, a low pass or high pass filter, a polarizing filter, a mirror, and the like.

Light on the left or object side of the incident optical element 102 can sequentially interact with the respective elements (102) and on the right or image side of the exit element 102, toward an optical sensor 106. It will be appreciated that not all of the light interacting with the left side of the optical element 102 will be transmitted to the sensor 106; some of the light may be reflected off by the individual elements (102), some of which may be scattered away from the optical axis 104 and Absorption (for example, by an optical stop - not shown), and the like. In general, however, optical element 102 will receive light from an object on one side of the elements (eg, the left side) and form the object on the opposite side of one of the elements (eg, on the right side) A real image. The real image will be formed along the optical axis 104 a distance from the optical element 102 (referred to as an image distance (ID)). It should be noted that the ID is primarily dependent on a corresponding object distance (OD - the distance between the object and the optical element 102 along the optical axis 104) and the refractive power or optical power of one of the combined optical elements 102.

The sensor 106 can be a digital device including an electro-optical sensor or a multi-dimensional array of pixels (eg, a two-dimensional array). Examples of such a device can include: a charge coupled device (CCD) array, or a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) array or some other suitable array of optical sensors. Each electro-optic sensor or pixel of the array is configured to output an electrical signal when illuminated with light. Moreover, the amount of current in one of the electrical signals is directly related to the energy density of the light that illuminates the pixel. Accordingly, by collecting the output current level from each pixel of the array, the sensor 106 can digitally reproduce a two-dimensional radiant energy pattern of the light illuminating the sensor 106. In addition, in the case where the pixel surface or the sensor plane of the sensor 106 is placed at the ID mentioned above, the generated two-dimensional radiant energy pattern is composed of optical elements. Piece 102 produces a pattern of optical real images. Accordingly, the sensor 106 can be used to reproduce the image in a digital manner. The resolution of one of the digital images produced by sensor 106 depends on the number of pixels in the active array of one of sensors 106. In addition, the optical system 100 can include a cover between the optical component 102 and the image sensor 106, as shown in FIG.

As shown in the optical system 100, the optical element 102 can include five optical lenses, from the object side of the optical element 102 to the image side of the optical element 102 including a lens L1, a lens L2, a lens L3, a lens L4, and a lens L5. As shown, the lens L1 is a lenticular lens having a positive optical power, and has a convex object side R1 and a convex image side surface R2, respectively. Additionally, lens L1 can have a relatively strong positive optical power relative to lenses L2, L3, L4, and L5. In at least one aspect, lens L1 can have a relatively strong positive optical power with respect to one of lenses L2, L3, L4, and L5. In a particular aspect, lens L1 can provide at least about half or more of the combined focal length of optical element 102. In an alternate aspect, lens L1 can provide substantially three-quarters or more of the combined focal length of optical element 102. In a related aspect, the optical power (L1 _power ) of the object side lens may be about 1.25 times the combined optical power of the optical element 102 (eg, L1 _power) 1.25* (L1 _power + L2 _power + L3 _power + L4 _power + L5 _power ). In a particular aspect, an aperture stop A1 can be positioned at or in front of one of the object sides of lens L1. The aperture stop A1 is explained in more detail below.

Lens L2 can have a total negative optical power. Further, in one aspect, the lens L2 may have a micro concave surface side surface R3. In an alternative aspect, the object side surface R3 can be flat without any optical power. As In still another alternative, the object side surface R3 may be a micro convex surface. One of the image side surfaces R4 of the lens L2 may have a concave curvature. Additionally, lens L2 can be configured to provide chromatic aberration correction for optical system 100. In at least one aspect, lens L2 can provide most of the chromatic aberration correction for optical system 100.

The lens L3 includes an object side surface R5 and an image side surface R6. In a specific aspect, the object side surface R5 may be a micro concave surface. Further, the image side surface R6 may be convex. In a particular aspect, lens L3 can have a positive optical power.

The lens L4 includes an object side surface R7 and an image side surface R8. The object side surface R7 may have a convex curvature near the optical axis 104. Moreover, in at least one aspect of the present disclosure, the article side surface R7 can transition to a concave surface at a distance from the optical axis 104. Moreover, the image side surface R8 can be substantially flat with little or no optical power near the optical axis 104 and transition to a convex curvature away from the optical axis 104. In an alternate aspect, image side surface R8 may be convex near optical axis 104, significant optical power for low or medium field of view, and concave away from optical axis 104. In a particular aspect, lens L4 can have a positive power for a low field of view angle (eg, an angle of view between 0 degrees and about 12 degrees to 15 degrees). In another aspect, lens L4 can have a small positive optical power, a small negative optical power for a medium field of view angle (eg, an angle of view between about 12 degrees and 15 degrees and between about 22 and 25 degrees) Or substantially zero optical power. In yet another aspect, lens L4 can be viewed for a high angle of view (eg, between about 22 degrees and 25 degrees and about 33 degrees or more (up to a maximum of one of optical system 100). Field angle) with small positive optical power, small negative optical power Or substantially zero optical power.

The lens L5 includes an object side surface R9 and an image side surface R10. The object side surface R9 may have a concave curvature for low and medium angles of view. In at least one aspect, the object side surface R9 can transition to a micro concave surface curvature or no curvature for a high angle of view. The image side surface R10 may be concave near the optical axis 104. In addition, as illustrated, the image side surface R10 can be converted from a concave surface to a convex surface for medium and high angles of view.

As illustrated, optical element 102 can have separate spacing (eg, air spacing) between respective lenses L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5. In at least one disclosed embodiment, a first positive-axis distance between lens L1 and lens L2 can be substantially small compared to a third positive-axis distance between lens L3 and lens L4. In another embodiment, compared with a second positive-axis distance between the lens L2 and the lens L3, and a fourth positive-axis distance between the lens L4 and the lens L5, and the third positive-axis distance, the first positive The shaft distance can be substantially small. In at least one embodiment, the second, third, and fourth positive-axis distances can be substantially similar in magnitude compared to at least the first positive-axis distance. In other embodiments, there is no need to have such relationships between the first, second, third, and fourth positive axis distances. For example, there may alternatively be other relationships between the first, second, third, and fourth positive axis distances.

In at least one aspect of the present disclosure, a MEMS actuator can be coupled to at least lens L1. The MEMS actuator can be configured to reposition the lens L1 along the optical axis 104 to focus the object at different object distances. As an example, a MEMS actuator can change the first distance between lens Ll and lens L2 to focus the object at different object distances. In at least one aspect, the MEMS actuator can position lens L1 at a distance D _{10 cm} 110 from lens L2 to position substantially one centimeter (cm) from one of aperture stop A1 on optical axis 104. One of the images of one of the objects is focused onto the sensor 106.

According to a further aspect, the aperture stop A1 can be fixed relative to the optical axis 104. In another aspect, the aperture stop A1 can be fixed relative to one of the lenses L1. In the latter aspect, when focusing on an image of an object, the aperture stop A1 can be moved together with the lens L1 by a MEMS actuator. According to still other aspects, the MEMS actuator can be configured to move the lens L1 a total distance along the optical axis 104 alone or in conjunction with the aperture stop A1. In a particular aspect, the total distance may be focused at one end of the image at one of the objects at infinity, and at one of its opposite ends, one of the objects at a distance of substantially 10 cm from the aperture stop A1 is focused. image. As utilized herein, an object at infinity contains one of the object axis distances that satisfies the well-known approximation in the field of optical imaging science. Broadly speaking, a flat axis approximation refers to an object being such that it is wrapped in a first optical ray (which is parallel to the optical axis 104) and a second optical ray (which originates from a point on the object that is furthest from the optical axis and An angle between the optical axes 104) at the aperture stop A1 is substantially one of a distance of zero degrees. In yet another aspect, lens L1 can have a focal length that varies at least partially as a function of the total distance. In still other aspects, the ratio of the focal length of lens L1 to the combined focal length of one of optical elements 102 can vary, at least in part, by the magnitude of the total distance.

Since the pixel array of the sensor 106 generates an electronic representation of a real image, the information generated by the sensor 106 in the form of an electrical signal (and disclosed herein) Other sensors shown can be saved to memory, projected to a display (eg, a digital display screen) for viewing, editing in software, and the like. Thus, at least one application of optical system 100 incorporates a digital camera or video camera that includes a digital display. In addition, optical system 100 and other optical systems included in the present disclosure can be implemented in conjunction with a camera module of an electronic device. This electronic device can contain a large number of consumer, commercial or industrial devices. Examples include: consumer electronics, including: a cellular phone, smart phone, laptop, laptop, PDA, computer monitor, TV, flat-panel TV, and the like; monitoring or monitoring equipment, including business-oriented equipment ( For example, ATM cameras, bank teller window cameras, convenience store cameras, warehouse cameras, and the like), personal monitoring devices (eg, pen cameras, lens cameras, button cameras, etc.) or industrial monitoring devices (eg, airport cameras) , cargo yard cameras, railway yard cameras and the like). For example, in a consumer electronic device, since optical system 100 can include optical components having a physical size of on the order of a few millimeters or less, and since at least some of the optical components 102 can have a fixed position, system 100 And other disclosed systems are well suited for various types of mini or micro camera modules. However, it should be understood that the disclosed system is not limited to this particular application; rather, other applications known to those skilled in the art or known by the context provided herein are included within the scope of the present disclosure.

2 illustrates one diagram of an exemplary optical imaging system 200 in accordance with an additional aspect of the present disclosure. Optical imaging system 200 can include a set of optical elements 202 disposed transverse to an optical axis 204. Additionally, optical component 202 can be configured to focus an image onto image plane 206 of one of the objects at substantially infinity from aperture stop A1 of optical imaging system 200. In at least one aspect, optical element 202 can be substantially similar to optical element 102 of Figure 1 above, with the exception of the first distance between lens L1 and lens L2. In particular, this first distance in optical imaging system 200 can be configured to focus on one of the objects discussed above that is located at substantially infinity distance D _INFINITY 210. Moreover, as explained above at Figure 1, in one aspect, the aperture stop A1 can be fixed in position relative to the optical axis 204. In an alternate aspect, the aperture stop A1 can be fixed in position relative to the lens L1 and move along with the lens L2 along the optical axis 204.

It will be appreciated that the surfaces R1 to R10 of the lenses L1 to L5 of the optical elements 102 and 202 (and other optical surfaces as illustrated throughout the present disclosure) may be of different shapes. In one aspect, one or more of the surfaces may be a spherical surface. In other aspects, one or more of the surfaces may be a tapered surface. In still other aspects, one or more of the surfaces may be aspherical surfaces according to a suitable aspheric equation, such as the following smooth aspheric equation: Where z is a line from a point at a radial distance on the surface of the aspherical lens at a radial distance (in mm), Y from the optical axis to the tangential plane of the aspherical surface apex, on the C-axis The curvature of the surface of the aspherical lens, the radial distance of Y from the optical axis (in mm), the K-cone constant, and A _i is the i-th aspheric coefficient, which is summed over the even number i. However, such aspects are not to be considered as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Conversely, the various surfaces may be odd-order aspherical or have an aspheric equation including one-order coefficients and odd-numbered coefficients.

In addition to the above, it should be understood that the lenses of optical elements 102 and 202 (and the optical lenses of various other optical systems provided throughout the present disclosure) can be made from a variety of suitable types of transparent materials, and are used to produce an optical A variety of quality surfaces are suitable for the process to form. In one aspect, lenses L1 through L5 can be ground and polished glass, wherein the glass is selected to have a refractive index that results in one of the desired effective focal lengths of one of combined lenses L1 through L5. In another aspect, the lens can be an optically quality molded plastic (or an optical quality plastic formed by another suitable method), wherein the plastic has one of the desired effective focal lengths Refractive index. In at least one other aspect, lens L1 through lens L5 can be self-photolithographically etched by a photolithographic etching process similar to that used to etch semiconductor wafers (eg, solid state memory wafers, data processing wafers). A transparent glass, crystal or other suitable structure (eg, ceria-SiO ₂ wafer) is etched. In a particular aspect, optical component 102 and optical component 202 can be illustrated in accordance with the optical specifications of Tables 1 through 9 below.

Table 1 provides general optical information for one embodiment of optical imaging systems 100 and 200. Table 2 is provided in image sensor 106 for eight different optical fields. Or the image height along the y-axis measured by the image sensor 206, and the weights of the respective fields are provided. Table 3 contains the vignetting data for the eight fields indicated in Table 2. Table 4 illustrates the wavelengths of the individual rays tracked in optical imaging systems 100 and 200, depicted in Figures 1 and 2. Table 5 provides a summary of the general optical surface characteristics of the lenses for optical element 102 and optical element 202, including surface type, radius of curvature, thickness, material (from standard glass and plastic catalogs), diameter, cone constant, and vignetting Annotation. Table 6 illustrates the smooth aspheric coefficients for the surface of Table 5, while Table 7 provides information on the edge thickness for their surfaces. Table 8 provides refractive index data for multiple wavelengths of the optical field identified at Table 2. Tables 9 and 9A provide information on the focal length ratios for the same wavelength and optical field.

3 illustrates a diagram of an exemplary injection molded plastic optical system 300 (also referred to as system 300) in accordance with a further aspect of the present disclosure. System 300 can be formed from a plurality of injection molded plastic components. In one embodiment, two or more of the lenses L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5 may be formed from a single molded piece. In other embodiments, the individual lenses may be formed from separate molded parts and assembled as molded after molding. In other aspects, the formation of lenses L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5 can be caused by another optical fabrication technique, such as wafer level optics fabrication. In at least one of the disclosed aspects, system 300 can be substantially similar to optical imaging system 100. In another aspect, system 300 can be substantially similar to optical imaging system 200. According to still other aspects, system 300 can include a MEMS hardware configured to shift lens L1 along optical axis 302 to achieve focus at one of image planes 304 of system 300. In a particular embodiment, system 300 can The lens surfaces R1 and R2 of the lens L1, the surfaces R3 and R4 of the lens L2, the surfaces R5 and R6 of the lens L3, the surfaces R7 and R8 of the lens L4, and the surfaces R9 and R10 of the lens L5 are substantially similar to the above. Surfaces R1 to R10 set forth in Figure 1.

4 illustrates one of a field curvature and F-Tan (θ) distortion (hereinafter referred to as distortion) for an optical imaging system as set forth herein. In particular, FIG. 4 illustrates field curvature and distortion for a distance of 10 cm from an object that may correspond to optical imaging system 100 of FIG. 1 above. The field curvature and distortion plots utilize five wavelengths having wavelengths of 0.470, 0.510, 0.555, 0.610, and 0.650 μm, respectively, and have a maximum field of view of 33.391 degrees. The graph on the left shows the field curvature in millimeters along a y-axis at one of the image planes of an optical imaging system. The field curvature data is plotted for radial rays (depicted as "S" in Figure 4) and tangential rays (depicted as "T" in Figure 4). As is apparent from the graph, the field curvature is the smallest for radial rays on most image planes, and the field curvature is within a few microns for tangential rays for most image planes and at the outer edge of the image plane (high y values) ) is a few microns.

The distortion chart on the right hand side also contains curves for the above five wavelengths. The distortion data is normalized to 0% at the optical axis. Throughout the image plane, the distortion is less than about 1.5% and less than 1% for low field of view.

Figure 5 illustrates one of the curvatures and distortions of the field for an optical imaging system of one of the objects focused at infinity. Thus, the graph of FIG. 5 can correspond to optical imaging system 200 of FIG. 2 above. The field curvature and distortion of Figure 5 are for the same wavelength as Figure 4, for a maximum field of view angle of 34.897 degrees. table. The field curvature contains radial rays (S) for the indicated wavelengths and lines of tangential rays (T) for the same wavelength. As depicted, the field curvature for one of the focusing objects at 10 cm is within about +/- 50 microns.

The distortion variation at infinity is slightly larger than the 10 cm chart for Figure 4. The distortion is also normalized to 0% on the optical axis. The distortion ranges from about 0.5% of the medium field of view to about 1.5% of the image plane edge. The total distortion for all field of view is about 2%.

Figure 6 illustrates a graph of one of the major lateral colors for an optical imaging system as set forth herein. In particular, the primary lateral chromatic aberration graph of FIG. 6 is for a focusing object at one of the 10 cm object distances, and thus may correspond to optical imaging system 100 of FIG. 1 above. The maximum lateral chromatic aberration chart has a maximum field of 2.9560 mm and a wavelength between 0.4700 μm and 0.6500 μm. As depicted, the lateral chromatic aberration change is completely within 0.5 microns for a small field of view, is just greater than minus 1 micron for a medium field of view angle, and becomes as large as about minus 1.5 microns for a higher field of view. The total distortion remains below 2 microns for the image plane.

Figure 7 illustrates a graph of one of the fundamental lateral chromatic aberrations for a focusing object at one of infinity. Accordingly, FIG. 7 may correspond to optical imaging system 200 of FIG. 2 above. Similar to Figure 6, for a wavelength between 0.4700 μm and 0.6500 μm, the maximum field is 2.9560 mm. For low and medium field of view, the primary lateral chromatic aberration is maintained at or below about one-half micron. The major lateral chromatic aberration is only over one-half micron at a larger field of view, reaching a peak at exactly one of about two microns at one edge of the image plane.

Figure 8 illustrates several transverse ray sectors at one of the image planes of one of the optical imaging systems set forth herein. In particular, the lateral ray pie chart of FIG. 8 corresponds to one of the focusing objects at a distance of 10 cm, and thus may correspond to optical imaging system 100 of FIG. 1 above. The transverse ray sectors plot the lateral ray error (e _y ) along a vertical axis and the pupil diameter (P _y ) along the horizontal axis for various image heights. A flatter drawing indicates the best performance and minimum error, while a large deviation along the vertical axis indicates a large lateral ray error. As shown in Figure 8, the lateral ray error is minimal near the optical axis (small image height) and generally increases with image height. The ratios are in the range of between 25 microns and minus 25 microns along the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively. The transverse ray pie chart contains wavelengths between 0.470 and 0.650 μm.

9 illustrates a number of lateral ray sectors for a focusing object at infinity, and thus may correspond to optical imaging system 200 of FIG. 2 above. Similar to Figure 8, the plots show the smallest error near the optical axis and a large small error for the small pupil diameter at all field angles. At higher field angles and, in particular, higher pupil diameters, lateral ray errors increase. In general, the lateral ray error for objects at infinity is less than for objects at 10 cm.

Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 10 depicts a cross-sectional view of an optical system 1000 for one of the items at 10 cm, including one configuration of optical elements 1002 positioned in a similar manner relative to an optical axis 1004. Light on the left or object side of the incident optical component 1002 can sequentially interact with the respective component 1002 and exit to the right or image side of the component 1002 toward an image sensor 1006. The real image will be formed along the optical axis 1004 a distance (referred to as an image distance (ID)) from the optical element 1002. It should be noted that the ID mainly depends on the distance of a corresponding object. The distance between the OD-object and the optical element 1002 along the optical axis 1004 and the refractive power or optical power of one of the combined optical elements 102.

The sensor 1006 can comprise a multi-dimensional device of an electro-optical sensor or a multi-dimensional array of pixels (eg, a two-dimensional array), which can include a CCD array or a CMOS array or the like. The resolution of a digital image produced by sensor 1006 depends on the number of pixels in sensor planar array 1008, which in turn depends on the pixel area and the total array area. Thus, for example, for a relatively square pixel of approximately 1.4 microns (1.96 square microns) per side, a 0.4 cm ² sensor array can include up to 8.1 megapixels (Mp). In other words, this sensor will have a resolution of about 8 Mp. Since the pixel array generates an electronic reproduction of a real image, the data generated by the sensor 1006 in the form of an electrical signal can be saved to the memory, projected to a display for viewing (for example, a digital display screen), in the software. Edit and so on.

It should be appreciated that the optical imaging configuration 1000 (and other optical imaging systems disclosed herein) illustrated in FIG. 10 is not drawn to scale. For example, the lens thickness, position, and height need not be plotted in the correct ratio to the actual size. Rather, configuration 1002 is intended to provide a visual context for an imaging system to aid in the conceptual understanding of other aspects disclosed herein.

The optical system 1000 includes a first lens L1, a second lens L2, a third lens L3, a fourth lens L4, and a fifth lens L5, both of which are centered on an optical axis 104. These lenses are numbered from the object side to the image side. Therefore, the lens L1 is closest to the object, and the lens L5 is closest to the image. The aperture A1 may be embedded in the lens L1 or may be physically fixed to L1. phase In the embodiment, the aperture A1 does not move relative to the lens L1. In some aspects of the disclosure, the aperture A1 can have a depth of 50 μm.

The lenses L1 to L5 each have two opposing refractive surfaces. The radius of curvature of one of the respective surfaces is identified by the letter "R" followed by a surface number, starting with the object side surface of the lens L1. Therefore, the surfaces from the object side to the image side are, in order, the object side surface R1 and the image side surface R2 of the lens L1, the object side surface R3 of the lens L2, the image side surface R4, the object side surface R5 of the lens L3, and the image. The side surface R6, the object side surface R7 and the image side surface R8 of the lens L4, and the object side surface R9 and the image side surface R10 of the lens L5. The respective surface identifiers (R1, R2, R3, ..., R10) are also used to indicate the radius of curvature of the respective surfaces. Additionally, the refractive index n _i identifies the refractive index of the lens medium associated with the i-th surface, and v_di is the Abbe number of the lens media associated with the i-th surface.

Lens L1 can have a large positive refractive power, wherein both optical surfaces R1 and R2 are convex. As used herein, the term large refractive power or small refractive power (whether positive or negative) refers to other lenses relative to a particular optical system. Thus, for example, reference to lens L1 having a large positive refractive power implies that lens L1 has a refractive power greater than the average positive refractive power compared to other positive power lenses of optical system 1000. Conversely, one lens that has a small positive refractive power for optical system 1000 will have a refractive power that is less than the average positive refractive power.

In an embodiment, L1 is movable relative to lenses L2 through L5 and sensor plane 1008. Movement can be achieved using MEMS or other suitable actuators. to In this embodiment, L2 to L5 remain fixed relative to the image sensor plane 1008 and the image sensor 1006. In some aspects of the disclosure, the range of motion of L1 is about 100 μm. The movement of L1 allows the optical system 1000 to maintain focus on objects at various distances. In Figure 10, optical system 1000 focuses an object at a distance of 10 cm from the optical system. In Figure 2, optical system 1100 focuses on one of the objects at optical infinity.

In some embodiments, there is an inverse relationship between the refractive power of L1 and the range of motion required to focus objects at various distances. One of the higher capabilities, L1, requires a shorter range of motion to focus on objects at various distances, and vice versa. According to some aspects of the disclosure, the axial gap or distance between the lenses L1 and L2 at the optical axis is about 125 μm, with a gap of about 170 μm at the light-passing aperture.

L2 may have a meniscus shape (having a smaller thickness near the optical axis than away from the optical axis), wherein the optical surface R3 is convex and the optical surface R4 is concave. In some aspects of this disclosure, lens L2 provides most of the chromaticity correction of optical system 1000 and has a negative refractive power. Lens L3 may be biconvex at near optical axis 1004 because optical surface R5 is convex near optical axis 1004 and concave at away from optical axis 1004, and image side optical surface R6 is convex. According to certain aspects of the disclosure, lens L3 can have a positive refractive power. In some embodiments, L2 can be mounted to L3 such that L2 is fixed to L2, and L2 does not contact one of the lenses L1 through L5 of optical system 1000 disposed along optical axis 1004.

The lens L4 has a concave object side optical surface R7 and a convex image side optical surface R8. Lens L5 can be meniscus shaped, with near optical axis One of the convex optical surfaces R9 at 1004 and the optical surface R10 that is concave near the optical axis 104.

It will be appreciated that surfaces R1 through R10 (and other optical surfaces as illustrated throughout the present disclosure, including optical surfaces for system 200) may be of different shapes. In one aspect, one or more of the surfaces may be a spherical surface. In other aspects, one or more of the surfaces may be a tapered surface. In still other aspects, one or more of the surfaces may be aspherical surfaces according to a suitable aspheric equation, such as the following smooth aspheric equation: Where z is a line from a point at a radial distance on the surface of the aspherical lens at a radial distance (in mm), Y from the optical axis to the tangential plane of the aspherical surface apex, on the C-axis The curvature of the surface of the aspherical lens, the radial distance of Y from the optical axis (in mm), the K-cone constant, and A _i is the i-th aspheric coefficient, which is summed over the even number i. However, such aspects are not to be considered as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Instead, the various surfaces may be irregular aspherical surfaces or have an aspheric equation including one of a smoothing coefficient and an irregularity coefficient.

In addition to the above, it should also be appreciated that lenses L1 through L5 of optical system 1000 (and optical lenses of optical system 1100) can be formed from a variety of suitable types of transparent materials, depending on various suitable processes for producing an optical quality surface. In one aspect, lenses L1 through L5 can be ground and polished glass, wherein the glass is selected to have a refractive index that results in one of the desired effective focal lengths of one of combined lenses L1 through L5. In another aspect, the lens can be an optically quality molded plastic (or an optical quality plastic formed by another suitable method), wherein the plastic has one of the desired effective focal lengths Refractive index. In at least one other aspect, lens L1 through lens L5 can be self-photolithographically etched by a photolithographic etching process similar to that used to etch semiconductor wafers (eg, solid state memory wafers, data processing wafers). A transparent glass, crystal or other suitable structure (eg, ceria-SiO ₂ wafer) is etched.

According to various aspects, the lenses L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5 can be made of plastic (for example, APL5014, OKP4HT or ZE-330R or another suitable plastic having a similar refractive index and Abbe number, or a suitable combination thereof) . In one particular aspect, lenses L1, L3, and L5 are made of a plastic (eg, APL5014), while lenses L2 and L4 are made of different plastics (eg, OKP4HT and ZE-330R, respectively). However, it should be understood that in other aspects, the lenses may alternatively be other materials having an Abbe number or refractive index.

Turning now to Figure 11, a cross section of one of the sample optical systems is shown at infinity in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The optical system 1100 of Figure 11 is similar to the optical system 100, but unlike at 10 cm, the optical system 1100 focuses on one of the objects at infinity. A difference between the optical system 1100 and the optical system 1000 is that L1 is positioned at a different distance from the sensor 1106 relative to the lenses L2 through L5.

In accordance with a particular aspect of the present disclosure, one of the individual lenses L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5 is provided in Tables 10 through 13 below. Table 10 lists the general lens data for each lens, and Table 11 lists the surface data for the following: radius of curvature (R) near the optical axis (in mm), distance between surfaces, individual lenses The diameter and the material of the individual lenses. Further, Table 12 provides the aspheric constant A _{i for} i = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 of the above equation (1) for the aspherical surface of Table 11, wherein the index "i" is The "r" logo (for example, as produced in the optical design software program ZEMAX available from ZEMAX Development Corporation). Table 13 provides the refractive index n _{i of} the ith lens for a set of wavelengths. Table 14 provides a range of field-to-image heights, Table 15 provides vignetting information for optical systems 1000 and 1100, Table 16 provides wavelengths and weights for ray tracing for Figures 10 and 11, and Table 17 provides optical systems 1000 and 1100. Surface data, including radius, thickness, material, diameter, and cone constant. Additionally, Table 18 provides edge thickness information for optical systems 1000 and 1100.

FIG. 12 illustrates a graph of one of field curvature and distortion for optical configuration 1002. Further, the field curvature and distortion values are displayed for a number of wavelengths ranging from 0.470 μm to 0.650 μm. The field curvature is within about 10 microns for these wavelengths for a low field of view, and even less than 100 microns at the periphery of the image plane. In addition, the distortion is completely in the range of 2% and minus 2%. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the aberrations are fully compensated by the optical configuration 1002 of the present invention.

Figure 13 illustrates one of the curvatures and distortions of the field for optical configuration 1102. table. Further, the field curvature and distortion values are displayed for a number of wavelengths ranging from 0.470 μm to 0.650 μm. The field curvature is completely in the range of +/- 100 microns and the distortion is completely in the range of 2% and minus 2%. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the aberrations are fully compensated by the optical configuration 1102 of the present invention.

14 is a graph showing one of lateral chromatic aberrations of optical configuration 1002. One of the charts has a maximum field of 2.8560 mm. In addition, the lateral chromatic aberration curve is in a range from 0.470 μm to 0.650 μm. The main lateral chromatic aberration of the focusing object at 10 cm is about -3.5 μm, as shown in the chart.

15 is a graph showing one of lateral chromatic aberrations for an optical configuration 1102 of a focusing object at infinity. One of the charts has a maximum field of 2.8560 mm. In addition, the lateral chromatic aberration curve is in a range from 0.470 μm to 0.650 μm. The main lateral chromatic aberration of the focusing object at infinity is about +0.8 microns.

16 and 17 illustrate lateral ray fan diagrams of optical configurations 1002 and 1102, respectively. The transverse ray sectors depict lateral aberrations (e _y and e _x ) along the y-axis and the x-axis for the pupil diameters P _y and P _x . The transverse ray sectors are at 0.000 mm (1600 and 1700), 0.5710 mm (1602 and 1702), 1.1420 mm (1604 and 1704), 1.7140 mm (1606 and 1706), 2.2850 mm (1608 and 1708), Made at 2.5700 mm (1610 and 1710) and 2.8560 mm (1612 and 1712). These plots are generally within acceptable ranges for optical imaging, and accordingly, optical configurations 1002 and 1102 have good imaging quality.

Figure 18 illustrates an alternative aspect of the disclosure in accordance with the present invention for a light One of the example ray diagrams of one of the systems 1800. System 1800 includes one configuration of optical elements 1802. The optical ray is depicted as interacting with optical element 1802 within a field of view of optical system 1800. The positive-axis ray is focused onto the optical axis at an image plane or focal plane associated with the optical element 1802, and the ray originating from the larger field of view is depicted as converge at the image plane at a greater distance from the optical axis .

One of the optical elements 1802 is on the object side of one of the leftmost optical systems 1800, and one of the optical elements 1802 is on the image side of one of the optical systems 1800. When the optical element 1802 is properly focused, a real image of the object is formed at the image plane of the optical element 1802. In at least one aspect of the present disclosure, optical system 1800 can include a variable focus optical system in which a subset of optical elements 1802 can be moved along an optical axis to focus an image of an object at an image plane. In a particular aspect, a set of positions of the subset of optical elements 1802 can correspond to a set of object distances that cause the respective images to focus at the image plane. In other words, when the subset of optical elements 1802 are positioned at one of the set of positions, one of the objects at one of the set of object distances will be in focus at the image plane. One portion of optical component 1802, as illustrated in Figures 18 and 19 below, illustrates an exemplary configuration in which the optical component of system 1800 is in a position that focuses one of the objects at infinity onto a plane of the image. One example of the position of optical element 1802, as depicted in Figures 23 and 24 below, illustrates an exemplary configuration in which the optical element is in a position to focus a near field object onto the image plane.

19 illustrates an illustration of an exemplary optical system 1900 that includes an optical component and an optical surface in accordance with additional aspects of the present disclosure. Optical system System 1900 can be substantially similar to optical system 1800. As illustrated, the optical system 1900 is configured to focus an image of one of the objects located in the far field (eg, at infinity).

Optical system 1900 can include a set of optical elements 1902 centered along an optical axis 1904. Optical component 1902 can be configured to focus an image that can be captured by a sensor 1908. The detector 1908 can include a multi-dimensional array of light sensitive pixels located at one of the image planes of the sensor 1908. The photosensitive pixels can output an electrical signal in response to electro-magnetic energy (eg, light) focused by the optical element 1902 on the sensor 1908. Moreover, the electrical signals can have characteristics related to the optical properties of the electro-magnetic energy. These electrical signals can be used to reproduce an image that is focused by optical element 1902 and captured by sensor 1908, as is described herein or known in the art. Optical system 1900 can also include a cover plate 1906 for one of sensors 1908. The cover plate protects the photosensitive pixels of sensor 1908 from dust or other particles that would otherwise absorb or scatter the electro-magnetic energy that is focused by optical element 1902 thereby distorting the image.

The optical element 1902 may include five optical lenses including a lens L1, a lens L2, a lens L3, a lens L4, and a lens L5 (collectively referred to as lenses L1 to L5). The optical lenses are numbered from the left (the object side of the optical system 1900) to the right (the image side of the optical system 1900). Therefore, the leftmost lens L1 is also referred to herein as an object side lens. Alternatively, lens L1 may be referred to as an objective lens of optical system 1900.

As shown, the lens L1 is a biconvex lens having a positive optical power and has a convex object side surface R1 and a convex image side surface R2. In addition, the lens L2, L3, L4, and L5 with respect to the optical element 1902, the lens L1 can have a strong optical power. In a particular aspect, lens L1 can have a greater positive optical power than any of lenses L2, L3, L4, or L5. In yet another aspect, L1 can have a greater positive optical power than any of the subsets of lenses L2, L3, L4, and L5. In at least one alternative or additional aspect, lens L1 can have a greater positive optical power than the combination of lenses L2, L3, L4, and L5. As shown, an aperture stop A1 can be positioned around the object side surface R1 of the lens L1.

Lens 2 can be a lens having a negative optical power. The lens L2 may have an object side surface R3 and an image side surface R4. In some aspects of the present disclosure, surface R3 may be micro-convex. In other aspects, surface R3 can be substantially flat without any significant optical power. In still other aspects of the present disclosure, surface R3 can have a composite curvature that is convex for a subset of the surface radius of surface R3 (eg, a range of distances from optical axis 1904), and for the surface One of the different subgroups of R3 has a pupil radius that is concave. As an example, the surface R3 may have a concave curvature from the optical axis 1904 to a first pupil radius, and may have a convex curvature from the first pupil radius to a second pupil radius, wherein the second aperture The radius is greater than the radius of the first pupil. An image side surface R4 can have a concave curvature that provides most of the negative optical power of lens L2.

The lens L3 may be a meniscus lens having a convex curvature toward the object side of the lens L3. As shown, the lens L3 includes an object side surface R5 and an image side surface R6. The object side surface R5 may have a convex curvature. In a particular aspect, the convexity of the object side surface R5 may be stronger near the optical axis 1904 than near one of the lenses L3. In other words, the curvature of one of the side surfaces R5 of the object The radius may increase as the pupil radius of the object side surface R5 increases, and in at least one aspect, becomes infinite near the periphery of the lens L3. The image side surface R6 may have a concave curvature. In at least one aspect, the radius of one of the image side surfaces R6 may increase as the pupil radius of the lens L3 increases. In an alternative or additional aspect, the image side surface R6 may be convex near the periphery of the lens L3.

The lens L4 includes an object side surface R7 and an image side surface R8. Lens L4 can be directed toward one of the meniscus lenses on the image side of optical element 1902. Additionally, lens L4 can have a weak positive optical power. In an alternative or alternative aspect, the positive power of lens L4 may be greater near the optical axis 1904 than at the periphery of one of the lenses L4, while in other aspects, the positive power may be at the image side surface R8. The surface is substantially constant.

The lens L5 includes an object side surface R9 and an image side surface R10. The object side surface R9 may have a concave curvature for low and medium angles of view and a reduced curvature at higher angles of view. The image side surface R10 may be concave near the optical axis 1904. Further, the image side surface R10 may be changed from a concave surface to a convex surface for medium and high angles of view.

The optical element 1902 can have respective pitches (air gaps) between the respective lenses L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5. In a particular aspect, a positive axis air distance between lens L4 and lens L5 can be one of the largest of a set of air distances among lenses L1 through L5. In an alternative or alternative aspect, an air distance between lens L3 and lens L4 may be the second largest of the set of air distances among lenses L1 through L5.

In yet another aspect of the present disclosure, an actuator can be coupled to a subset of optical elements 1902. In an example, the actuator can be one The MEMS actuator, while in other aspects, the actuator can be another type of actuator known in the art. The actuator can be configured to reposition the subset of optical lenses along the optical axis 1904. Repositioning the subset of optical lenses can cause images of objects at different object distances to focus on the sensor 1908 of the optical system 1900. In a particular aspect, optical lens 1902 can be configured to focus an image of one of the objects located in the far field (eg, infinity, ...) onto sensor 1908. According to another aspect, the subset of optical elements 1902 are repositioned to focus an object located in the near field at the sensor 1908. In a particular aspect, the subset of optical elements can include a lens L1, and the lens L1 can be positioned by the MEMS actuator as illustrated in FIG. 19 such that one of the objects at infinity is focused at the sensor 1908, And the MEMS actuator can be positioned as shown in FIG. 23 such that one of the objects at one of the object distances of substantially 12.8 centimeters (cm) is focused at the sensor 1908.

In yet another aspect, the aperture stop A1 can be fixed relative to the optical axis 1904. In another aspect, the aperture stop A1 can be fixed relative to one of the lenses L1. In the latter aspect, when an image of an object is focused onto the sensor 1908, the aperture stop A1 can be moved with the lens L1 by a MEMS actuator. According to still other aspects, the MEMS actuator can be configured to move the lens L1 a total distance along the optical axis 1904 alone or in conjunction with the aperture stop A1. The total distance may focus one of the objects at one end of the object at one end on the sensor 1908 and at the other end one of the objects at one of the object distances of substantially 12.8 cm Focusing on sensor 1908.

Lenses L1 to L5 may be of a suitable type suitable for optically transparent materials and may be shaped according to one or more suitable methods for producing an optical quality surface. to make. In one aspect, lenses L1 through L5 can be ground or polished glass, wherein the glass is selected to have a refractive index that results in one of the desired effective focal lengths of one of combined lenses L1 through L5. In another aspect, the lens can be an optically quality molded plastic (or an optical quality plastic formed by another suitable method), wherein the plastic has a refractive index suitable for providing a desired focal length. rate. In another aspect(s), the lenses L1 through L5 may be etched from a transparent glass, crystal or other suitable structure by a photolithographic etching process similar to that used to etch semiconductor wafers. . In one (or more) specific aspects, the lenses L1 to L5 may be of different glass, plastic or suitable optically transparent medium, by one or more of the above or similar suitable fabrication techniques (note that the cover Plate 1908 is a fictional material). In yet another aspect, optical element 1902 can be illustrated in accordance with the optical specifications of Tables 19 through 27A.

Table 19 provides general optical information for one of the optical systems 1800, 1900 of Figures 18 and 19, respectively. Table 20 provides the image height along the y-axis measured at image sensor 1906 for a set of optical fields and the respective weights for the respective fields. Table 21 contains vignetting data for the set of optical fields of Table 20. Table 22 illustrates the wavelengths of the individual rays tracked in the optical imaging system 1800 depicted at FIG. Table 23 provides an abstract of the general optical surface characteristics of the lens for optical element 1902, including surface type, radius of curvature, thickness, material (from standard glass and plastic catalogs; note that a dummy material is used for cover glass 1908), diameter, Cone constants and available annotations. Table 24 describes the aspheric coefficients for the surface of Table 23, while Table 25 provides information on the edge thickness for their surfaces. Table 26 provides refractive index data for multiple wavelengths of the optical field identified at Table 20. Table 27 and Table 27A provide data on the focal length ratios of the same wavelengths and optical fields.

20 is a diagram showing one of field curvature and distortion for the optical systems 1800, 1900 of FIGS. 18 and 19 above. In particular, the field curvature and distortion depicted in FIG. 20 corresponds to optical element 1902 that is configured to focus an image of one of the objects at infinity onto sensor 1906. The field curvature and distortion charts utilize five wavelengths, including 0.436 μm, 0.486 μm, and 0.546, respectively. Μm, 0.588 μm and 0.656 μm. In addition, the light is tracked by a maximum field of 35.543 degrees. The left hand graph shows the field curvature in millimeters along a y-axis at one of the image planes of an optical imaging system. The field curvature is for radial rays (depicted by an "S") and tangential rays (depicted by a "T"). The range of field curvature at the wavelengths utilized is within a few microns for both radial and tangential rays. The distortion chart on the right hand side of Figure 20 also contains curves for the above five wavelengths. The distortion data is normalized to 0% at the optical axis. Throughout the image plane, the distortion is less than about -1% and is less than about +/- 0.5% for medium to low field of view.

Figure 21 illustrates one of the longitudinal aberrations for a set of wavelengths. The longitudinal aberration of FIG. 21 is associated with optical element 1902 that is configured to image an object at infinity onto sensor 1906. The listed wavelengths include 0.436 μm, 0.486 μm, 0.546 μm, 0.588 μm, and 0.656 μm. The chart plots longitudinal aberrations in millimeters for an increased field of view with a radius of 0.9 mm. At low angles of view, the longitudinal aberrations are generally positive and less than about 0.02 mm. At high viewing angles, the longitudinal aberrations are more negative and substantially less than about 0.03 mm. The longitudinal aberration diagram of Figure 21 indicates that optical element 1902 provides fairly good aberration correction for the identified wavelength.

22 is a graph showing one of lateral chromatic aberrations for optical element 1902 of FIG. 19 above. Accordingly, the lateral chromatic aberration diagram is associated with optical element 1902 that is configured to focus an image of one of the objects at infinity onto sensor 1906. The maximum field of the lateral chromatic aberration diagram is 3.3920 mm, and the wavelength of the lateral chromatic aberration diagram is in the range between 0.4358 μm and 0.6563 μm. In addition, the data is referenced to 0.546100 μm. For most field of view For example, the lateral chromatic aberration is within about +/- 0.5 microns. At high field of view, the lower wavelength exhibits a lateral chromatic aberration of about -1 micron or greater, and the higher wavelength exhibits a lateral chromatic aberration of about 1 micron.

23 illustrates one diagram of an example optical system 2300 in accordance with still other aspects of the present disclosure. Optical system 2300 can include a set of optical elements 2302, as depicted. In at least one aspect of the present disclosure, optical element 2302 can comprise a group of lenses that are substantially similar to optical elements 1802 and 1902 of Figures 18 and 19 above but have a different focus position. In particular, a subset of optical elements 2302 can be adapted to position one of the near field objects in one of the image planes of the optical element 2302. As shown, the near field object position for optical element 2302 is 12.8 cm. By repositioning the subset of optical elements 2302 between the position depicted in Figure 23 and the position of the optical element 1902 of Figure 19, the optical system 2300 can focus the near field object and one of the objects at infinity Different object distances.

Optical system 2300 illustrates a set of ray sectors that represent light incident on optical element 2302 at discrete field angles. A field of view angle 0 is plotted by concentrating light at one of the optical axes of optical element 2302 at one of the optical axes of optical system 2300. Light that converges at a point on the image plane at an increased distance from the optical axis represents light that intersects the optical element 2302 at a corresponding angle of view.

24 is a diagram of one example optical system 2400 in accordance with still other aspects of the present disclosure. Optical system 2400 depicts the optical lens and associated optical surface of optical system 2300 of FIG. Further, at least In one aspect, the optical lens and associated optical surface of optical system 2300 can be substantially similar to the optical lenses and optical surfaces of optical systems 1800 and 1900 of Figures 18 and 19 above. Optical system 2400 can differ from optical systems 1800 and 1900 in that optical component 2402 can be configured to focus an image of one of the objects at substantially 12.8 cm at a sensor 2408. Other aspects of the optical system 2400 and the optical element 2402 include the optical surfaces R1 and R2 of the lens L1, the optical surfaces R3 and R4 of the lens L2, the optical surfaces R5 and R6 of the lens L3, the optical surfaces R7 and R8 of the lens L4, and the lens L5. Optical surfaces R9 and R10. Further, the sensor 2408 and the cover glass 2406 can be substantially similar to the sensor 1906 and the cover glass 1908 of the optical system 1900.

In accordance with one particular aspect of the present disclosure, optical element 2402 includes an objective lens-lens L1 coupled to an actuator (eg, a MEMS actuator, ...) to facilitate autofocusing of optical system 2400. In the configuration depicted in FIG. 24 of 2402 of the optical element, and in particular to a air space between the lens L1 and lens L2 from the distance _near, the optical element 2402 configured by one to 12.8 cm at the distance of an object in A real image of the object is focused onto the sensor 2408. By moving lens L1 into a position depicted by optical element 1902 of FIG. 19 (where the air distance between lens L1 and lens L2 is a distance _far ), optical system 2400 can be configured to alternatively Focus on an image of one of the objects at infinity. In at least one alternative or additional aspect of the present disclosure, lens L1 can be repositioned to change the air distance between distance _near and distance _far , whereby it will be at a point between 12.8 cm and infinity An image of an object is focused at sensor 2408. Optical element 2402 can have image characteristics as illustrated by the optical characteristics of Tables 28 through 31A.

Tables 28 to 31A include optical characteristics and image characteristics of the optical system 2400 different from the optical system 1900. Table 28 provides general optical information for an embodiment of optical system 2400. Table 29 contains vignetting data for the set of optical fields of Table 20. Table 30 provides general optical characteristics of the lens for optical element 2402 One summary, including surface type, radius of curvature, thickness, material (from standard glass and plastic catalogs, including virtual material used to cover one of the glass 2408), diameter, cone constant, and available annotations. Table 31 and Table 31A provide information on the focal length ratios for the identified wavelengths and optical fields.

Figure 25 illustrates one of the curvatures and distortions of the field for the optical system 2400 of Figure 24 above. The wavelengths used for these curvature and distortion plots are 0.436 μm, 0.486 μm, 0.546 μm, 0.588 μm, and 0.656 μm. The rays that are tracked to produce these graphs are in field of view, with a maximum field of 34.188 degrees. The field curvature for both tangential and radial rays is generally positive and less than about 0.05 mm for all field angles. The distortion is less than about 1% for medium to low field of view and increases to about 1.6% at high field of view.

FIG. 26 illustrates one of the longitudinal aberrations for optical system 2400. The longitudinal aberration diagram is provided for five wavelengths, including 0.436 μm, 0.486 μm, 0.546 μm, 0.588 μm, and 0.656 μm. The chart plots longitudinal aberrations in millimeters for an increased field of view with a pupil radius of 0.9 mm. At low angles of view, the longitudinal aberrations are generally positive and less than about 0.04 mm. At higher angles of view, longitudinal aberrations are in the range between positive and negative for different angles of view, and are generally between 0.03 mm and about minus 0.035 mm.

27 is a diagram showing one of lateral chromatic aberrations for the optical element 2402 of FIG. 24 above. The lateral color difference chart is associated with optical element 2402 that is configured to focus an image of one of the objects at about 12.8 cm onto sensor 2406. The maximum field of the lateral chromatic aberration chart is 3.3920 mm and is for the chart The wavelengths used range from 0.4358 μm to 0.6563 μm. In addition, the data is referenced to 0.546100 μm. The lateral chromatic aberration is less than about +3 microns and greater than about -1 micron for all fields of view. At low and medium field angles, the lateral chromatic aberration is in the range between about +1 micrometer and about -0.25 micrometer.

28A-28D illustrate an exemplary optical system in accordance with one or more additional aspects of the present disclosure. The optical system is depicted at the upper left in Figure 28A as a configuration that focuses one of the objects at infinity onto one of the sensors of the optical system. 29A-29D illustrate an example optical system in a configuration that focuses one of a near field object onto a sensor of the optical system. The latter configuration can be achieved, for example, by increasing the air distance between the first leftmost lens closest to the object side of the optical system and the second lens on the object side closer to the optical system.

In general, the optical system includes five lenses from an object side to an image side, including: a lens L1 (also referred to as an objective lens), a lens L2, a lens L3, a lens L4, and a lens L5 (collectively referred to as lenses L1 to L5). . In addition, the optical system of FIGS. 28A-28D may include two or more lens groups, at least partially defined between a positive-axis lens space between respective lenses of the two or more lens groups. Distance. As an example, the five lenses of the optical system may be configured as two lens groups, and one of the first lens groups includes a first lens, a second lens, and a first object from the object side of the optical system. A three lens, and wherein a second one of the groups of lenses comprises a fourth lens and a fifth lens from an object side of the optical system. The groups of lenses can be constrained to have less than the first lens group and the second lens group between the lenses The positive axis air distance from a positive axis air distance between the groups.

28B-28D illustrate image characteristics for the optical system of FIG. 28A configured to focus an image of one of the objects at infinity onto one of the optical systems (far field focus) configuration). Figures 29B-29D illustrate image characteristics for the optical system of Figure 29A that is configured to focus a near field object onto the sensor (near field focus configuration). Figure 28B is a graph of one of field curvature and distortion for a maximum field of greater than about 32 degrees for a wavelength between about 0.47 microns and about 0.65 microns for the far field focusing configuration. 28C illustrates a graph of longitudinal aberrations for a far field configuration at the above wavelengths and for a pupil radius of about 0.991 mm, and FIG. 28D illustrates one of the maximum fields of about 2.956 mm for this configuration, A graph of lateral chromatic aberration with data referenced to a wavelength of about 0.555 microns.

Figure 29B illustrates field curvature and distortion for a near field configuration of the optical system depicted at Figure 29A. The field curvature and distortion have a maximum field of about 34.51 degrees for wavelengths between about 0.470 microns and about 0.650 microns. 29C illustrates longitudinal aberrations for the near field configuration with a pupil radius of about 0.991 millimeters and wavelengths of about 0.470 micrometers, 0.510 micrometers, 0.555 micrometers, 0.610 micrometers, and 0.650 micrometers. Figure 29D illustrates a graph of lateral chromatic aberration for a near field configuration with a maximum field of about 2.9560 mm and with reference to data at a wavelength of 0.555 microns. The optical system of Figures 28A and 29A is illustrated by the optical and image characteristics provided by Tables 32 through 40A below.

Tables 32 through 40A provide a far field focus configuration for Figure 28A. Optical properties and image characteristics of optical systems. Table 32 provides general optical information for this optical system. Table 33 provides the image height along the y-axis measured at one of the image sensors of the optical system for a set of optical fields and for individual weights for the respective optical fields. Table 34 contains vignetting data for the set of optical fields of Table 33. Table 35 illustrates the wavelengths of the individual optics tracked in the optical imaging system of Figure 28. Table 36 provides an overview of the general optical surface characteristics of lenses for this optical system, including surface type, radius of curvature, thickness, material (from standard glass and plastic catalogs), diameter, cone constant, and available annotations. Table 37 sets forth the aspheric coefficients for the surfaces of Table 35, while Table 38 provides information on the edge thickness for their surfaces. Table 39 provides refractive index data for multiple wavelengths and the listed optical fields. Table 40 and Table 40A provide information on the focal length ratios for the same wavelength and optical field.

The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as "example" is not necessarily considered to be preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, the use of wording is intended to present a concept in a specific manner. As used in this application, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". That is, unless otherwise specified, or apparent from the context, "X employs A or B" is intended to mean any of the inherently inclusive permutations. That is, if X adopts A, X adopts B, or X adopts both A and B, then "X employs A or B" is satisfied under any of the above examples. And "an" and "an" and "an"

Furthermore, portions of an electronic system associated with the disclosed optical systems set forth herein may comprise or consist of: components, subcomponents, processes, components, methods, or mechanisms based on artificial intelligence or knowledge or rules ( For example, support vector machines, neural networks, expert systems, Bayesian trust networks, fuzzy logic, data fusion engines, classifiers...). Among other things, and other than those set forth herein, such components may also automate certain mechanisms or processes that are executed to make portions of the systems and methods more adaptable and more efficient and intelligent. For example, such components can automate the image quality optimization of an optical system (e.g., see electronic device 500 of Figure 5 above) as set forth above.

The above description contains examples of the aspects of the claimed subject matter. Of course, it is not possible to clarify every conceivable combination of components or methods for the purpose of illustrating the claimed subject matter, but those skilled in the art will recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the disclosed subject matter are possible. Accordingly, the claimed subject matter is intended to cover all such changes, modifications and variations in the scope of the invention. In addition, with the terms "including" and "having" as used in the detailed description or the scope of the claims, these terms are intended to be used as a transitional phrase in a request item in a similar sense to the term "comprising". The way to interpret it is tolerant.

100‧‧‧Optical Systems/Systems/Optical Imaging Systems

102‧‧‧Optical components/lenses/components

104‧‧‧Optical shaft/shaft

106‧‧‧Optical Sensor/Sensor/Image Sensor

110‧‧‧ distance

200‧‧‧Optical Imaging System/System

202‧‧‧Optical components

204‧‧‧ Optical axis

206‧‧‧Image Plane/Image Sensor

210‧‧‧ Distance

300‧‧‧Plastic optical systems/systems

302‧‧‧ Optical axis

304‧‧‧ image plane

500‧‧‧Electronics

1800‧‧‧Optical Systems/Systems/Optical Imaging Systems

1802‧‧‧Optical components

1900‧‧‧Optical system

1902‧‧‧Optical components/optical lenses

1904‧‧‧ Optical axis

1906‧‧‧Cover/Image Sensor/Sensor

1908‧‧‧Sensor/Cover/Cover Glass

2300‧‧‧Optical system

2302‧‧‧Optical components

2400‧‧‧Optical system

2402‧‧‧Optical components

2406‧‧‧ Covering glass/sensor

2408‧‧‧Sensor/covering glass

A1‧‧‧ aperture aperture/pores

e _x ‧‧‧lateral aberration along the x-axis

e _y ‧‧ ‧ transverse ray error along a vertical axis / lateral aberration along the y axis

L1‧‧‧ lens / first lens / leftmost lens / object side lens / objective lens

L2‧‧ lens / second lens

L3‧‧‧ lens / third lens

L4‧‧‧ lens / fourth lens

L5‧‧‧ lens / fifth lens

P _y ‧‧‧ pupil diameter along the horizontal axis

R1‧‧‧ convex object side surface/surface/lens surface/object side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R2‧‧‧ convex image side surface/surface/lens surface/image side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R3‧‧‧micro-concave object side surface/surface/object side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R4‧‧‧Surface/image side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R5‧‧‧Surface/object side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R6‧‧‧Surface/image side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R7‧‧‧Concave object side optical surface/surface/object side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R8‧‧‧ convex image side optical surface / surface / image side surface / radius of curvature / optical surface

R9‧‧‧Convex optical surface/surface/object side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R10‧‧‧Surface/image side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

1 illustrates a diagram of an exemplary optical imaging system configured to focus a relatively close object in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

2 illustrates a diagram of an exemplary optical imaging system configured to focus on one of substantially one object at infinity, in accordance with other disclosed aspects. formula.

3 illustrates a diagram of an exemplary optical imaging system including a plurality of injection molded optical components.

4 illustrates one diagram of an example field curvature and distortion graph for a sample optical imaging system that focuses on a relatively close object.

Figure 5 illustrates one of the example field curvatures and distortions for the sample optical imaging system of Figure 4 focusing on one of the objects at substantially infinity.

6 is a diagram of one of a sample lateral chromatic aberration diagram of an exemplary optical imaging system for focusing a relatively close object in accordance with a further aspect.

7 illustrates one of a sample lateral chromatic aberration diagram of an exemplary optical imaging system for one of the objects focused at substantially infinity according to FIG. 6 in accordance with other aspects.

Figure 8 depicts a diagram of a lateral ray sector diagram for an optical imaging system having one of the objects focused at 10 cm.

9 illustrates a diagram of a lateral ray sector diagram for the disclosed optical imaging system with one of the objects at substantially infinity for FIG.

Figure 10 illustrates a cross-section of a sample optical system for one of the images of one of the objects focused at 10 cm, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure.

Figure 11 illustrates a cross section of a sample optical system for one of the images of one of the objects at infinity, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.

Figure 12 illustrates an exemplary graph of field curvature and distortion for an object at 10 cm in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

Figure 13 illustrates an exemplary graph of field curvature and distortion for an object at infinity in other aspects of the present disclosure.

Figure 14 illustrates an exemplary graph of one of the major lateral chromatic aberrations for an object at 10 cm in accordance with one (or more) aspects.

Figure 15 illustrates an exemplary graph of one of the primary lateral chromatic aberrations for an object at infinity in accordance with one or more other aspects.

Figure 16 illustrates an exemplary lateral ray pie chart for one of various image heights of an object at 10 cm, according to still other aspects.

Figure 17 illustrates an exemplary lateral ray pie chart for one of various image heights of an object at infinity according to at least one other aspect.

18 illustrates a transverse ray sector diagram of a range of field angles for an exemplary micro-optic system in accordance with additional disclosed aspects.

Figure 19 illustrates a sample pattern of the micro-optic system of Figure 18 including a lens and an optical surface.

20 is an exemplary graph of field curvature and distortion for an object that is focused by the micro-optic system of FIG.

Figure 21 illustrates a sample plot of one of the longitudinal aberrations for a pupil radius of 0.90 mm in one aspect.

22 depicts an exemplary graph of lateral chromatic aberration for a disclosed micro-optic system in accordance with further aspects.

23 illustrates a lateral ray pie chart for a range of field angles of a range of micro-optical systems in a near field, in accordance with the disclosed aspects.

Figure 24 is a diagram showing a sample of the micro-optic system of Figure 23 including the lens and the optical surface.

Figure 25 illustrates an exemplary diagram of field curvature and distortion for a near-field object that is focused by the micro-optic system of Figure 23.

26 is a sample plot of longitudinal aberrations for a pupil radius of 0.90 millimeters for an disclosed micro-optic system in one aspect.

Figure 27 illustrates an exemplary diagram of lateral chromatic aberration for a disclosed micro-optic system in accordance with yet other disclosed aspects.

28A, 28B, 28C, and 28D illustrate a diagram of an exemplary micro-optic system and an associated optical performance graph at infinity focusing according to further aspects.

29A, 29B, 29C, and 29D are diagrams of the micro-optical system and related optical performance of FIG. 28 focused in the near field.

100‧‧‧Optical Systems/Systems/Optical Imaging Systems

102‧‧‧Optical components/lenses/components

104‧‧‧Optical shaft/shaft

106‧‧‧Optical Sensor/Sensor/Image Sensor

110‧‧‧ distance

A1‧‧‧ aperture aperture/pores

L1‧‧‧ lens / first lens / leftmost lens / object side lens / objective lens

L2‧‧ lens / second lens

L3‧‧‧ lens / third lens

L4‧‧‧ lens / fourth lens

L5‧‧‧ lens / fifth lens

R1‧‧‧ convex object side surface/surface/lens surface/object side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R2‧‧‧ convex image side surface/surface/lens surface/image side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R3‧‧‧micro-concave object side surface/surface/object side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R4‧‧‧Surface/image side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R5‧‧‧Surface/object side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R6‧‧‧Surface/image side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R7‧‧‧Concave object side optical surface/surface/object side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R8‧‧‧ convex image side optical surface / surface / image side surface / radius of curvature / optical surface

R9‧‧‧Convex optical surface/surface/object side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

R10‧‧‧Surface/image side surface/curvature radius/optical surface

Claims (45)

An optical imaging system disposed along an optical axis, comprising: a set of optical lenses comprising a first lens group and a second lens group, wherein the second lens group is fixed in position along the optical axis a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuator mechanically coupled to the first lens group and configured to adjust a position of the first lens group along the optical axis, wherein the first is adjusted Positions are configured to focus an image of one of the objects remote from the optical imaging system onto an image plane associated with the optical imaging system, and wherein a second adjusted position is configured to be proximate to the optical An image of one of the objects of the imaging system is focused onto the image plane; wherein: the set of optical lenses includes five lenses; the MEMS actuator is configured to adjust a position of the first lens group along the optical axis Up to between 50 micrometers and 150 micrometers; the first optical lens group includes a biconvex object side lens; and the focal length of the biconvex object side lens is greater than one of the combined focal lengths of one of the five lenses One points. The optical imaging system of claim 1, further comprising an aperture stop positioned at an object side of one of the biconvex object side lenses. The optical imaging system of claim 2, wherein the aperture stop is fixed in position along the optical axis. The optical imaging system of claim 2, wherein the aperture stop is relative to the The first lens group is fixed in place. The optical imaging system of claim 4, wherein the MEMS actuator is configured to reposition the first lens group and the aperture stop along the optical axis, and to cause the aperture stop and the first lens group The fixed position therebetween is maintained at at least the first adjusted position and the second adjusted position. The optical imaging system of claim 1, the second lens group comprising four lens elements, comprising a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens and a fifth lens. The optical imaging system of claim 6, the second lens having a concave image side surface and having a flat or a weak convex curvature on an object side surface. The optical imaging system of claim 7, the second lens having a negative optical power and formed of an OKP4HT plastic. The optical imaging system of claim 6, the third lens having a concave object side surface and a convex image side surface, a positive optical power, and formed of an APEL 5514 ML glass. The optical imaging system of claim 6, the fourth lens having a convex side near the optical axis and transitioning to an object side surface away from the optical axis, and an image side surface having a convex curvature. The optical imaging system of claim 10, the fourth lens having positive optical power near the optical axis and having a small negative optical power, a small positive optical power, or no optical power away from the optical axis, and The fourth lens is formed of an APEL5514ML plastic. The optical imaging system of claim 6, the fifth lens having a proximity The optical axis is concave and transitions away from the optical axis to an object side surface of the convex surface, and is concave near the optical axis and transitions to an image side surface of the convex surface away from the optical axis. The optical imaging system of claim 12, the fifth lens having a large negative optical power near the optical axis and having a positive optical power away from the optical axis, and the fifth lens being formed of an APEL 5514ML plastic. The optical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the biconvex object side lens is formed of an APEL 5514ML plastic. The optical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the optical power of one of the biconvex object side lenses is at least partially varied along a distance between the first adjusted position and the second adjusted position along the optical axis. The optical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the focal length of the biconvex object side lens to the combined focal length of one of the five lenses is about three-quarters. The optical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the optical power of the biconvex object side lens to the combined optical power of one of the five lenses is at least partially along the optical axis at the first adjusted position and the first The second is changed by a distance between the adjusted positions. The optical imaging system of claim 1, wherein the object positioned away from the optical system is positioned at substantially infinity, and wherein the object positioned proximate to the optical system is positioned at an aperture stop of the optical imaging system Above 10 cm. An optical system comprising: a plurality of optical elements disposed along a common optical axis for formation a real image of an object, the optical element comprising: a first lens having a positive refractive power, wherein both surfaces have a convex shape, one surface facing one object side and the other surface facing an image side; a second lens having a negative refractive power and a meniscus shape, wherein a surface facing the object side has a convex shape and a surface facing the image side has a concave shape; a third lens having a positive refractive power, and Having a biconvex shape near the optical axis, and a surface facing the object side is concave away from the optical axis; a fourth lens, wherein a surface facing the object side has a concave shape facing the image side The surface has a convex shape; and a fifth lens having a meniscus shape, wherein a surface facing the object side has a convex shape, and a surface facing the image side has a concave shape near the optical axis And having a convex shape away from the optical axis; and an actuator configured to move the first lens along the optical axis. The optical system of claim 19, wherein the motor is a microelectromechanical system. The optical system of claim 19, wherein the second lens performs a majority of the chromaticity correction for the optical system. The optical system of claim 19, further comprising an aperture embedded in the first lens and moving with the first lens, wherein the aperture has a depth of one of 50 μm. The optical system of claim 19, wherein the optical system has a focal length ratio of approximately 2.4. The optical system of claim 19, wherein one or more of the lenses are made of plastic. The optical system of claim 19, wherein the surfaces of the lenses are aspherical. The optical system of claim 19, wherein the refractive indices of the lenses are in the range of from about 1.5 to about 1.66. The optical system of claim 19, wherein the first lens has a range of motion between about 0 μm and about 100 μm. The optical system of claim 19, wherein the amount of movement of one of the images for focusing an object is inversely proportional to the positive refractive power of the first lens. The optical system of claim 19, wherein the main lateral chromatic aberration range of the optical system that focuses on one of the objects at infinity is equal to or less than approximately 1 μm. The optical system of claim 19, wherein the main lateral chromatic aberration range of the optical system focusing on one of the objects at 10 cm is equal to or less than approximately 4 μm. An optical imaging system disposed along an optical axis, comprising: a set of optical lenses comprising a first lens group and a second lens group, wherein the second lens group is fixed in position along the optical axis And including a majority of the optical lenses of the set of optical lenses; and an actuator mechanically coupled to the first lens group and configured to adjust the first lens group along the optical axis a location where A first adjusted position is configured to focus an image of one of the objects remote from the optical imaging system onto an image plane associated with the optical imaging system, and wherein a second adjusted position is configured Focusing an image of one of the objects positioned adjacent to the optical imaging system onto the image plane; wherein: the set of optical lenses includes five lenses; the actuator configured to adjust the first lens group along the optical axis One of the set positions is between 50 microns and 150 microns; the second optical lens group includes one of the set of optical lenses, the third lens being from one of the set of optical lenses In the sequence of a third lens, the third lens has a meniscus shape that is convex toward the object side of the set of optical lenses. The optical imaging system of claim 31, wherein the actuator comprises a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) actuator. The optical imaging system of claim 31, the first optical lens group comprising a biconvex objective lens that provides a majority of the positive optical power of the set of optical lenses. The optical imaging system of claim 33, wherein the biconvex objective lens has a positive refractive power greater than a combined refractive power of one of the set of optical lenses. The optical imaging system of claim 31, wherein one of the set of optical lenses has an effective focal length between about 4.5 mm and about 5.0 mm. The optical imaging system of claim 31, wherein the ratio of the total track length to the effective focal length of the optical system is between about 1.1 and about 1.2. The optical imaging system of claim 31, wherein the first lens group comprises a single lens of the set of optical lenses. The optical imaging system of claim 37, wherein the single lens is an objective lens of the optical system. The optical imaging system of claim 37, wherein the second adjusted position focuses an image of one of the objects at an object distance of about 12.8 cm onto the image plane. The optical imaging system of claim 31, wherein an air distance between the third lens and a fourth lens of the set of optical lenses from the object side of the set of optical lenses is in the set of optical lenses One of the largest air distances between individuals. The optical imaging system of claim 31, wherein an air distance between the fourth lens and a fifth lens of the set of optical lenses from the object side of the set of optical lenses is in the set of optical lenses One of the largest air distances between individuals. The optical imaging system of claim 31, further comprising an aperture stop around the object side surface of one of the first lenses from the object side of the set of optical lenses in the set of optical lenses. The optical imaging system of claim 42, further comprising an aperture between the second lens and a third lens numbered from an object side of the set of optical lenses in the set of optical lenses. The optical imaging system of claim 43, further comprising a second aperture between the third lens and a fourth lens of the set of optical lenses. The optical imaging system of claim 44, further comprising a third aperture between the fourth lens and a fifth lens of the set of optical lenses.