TW201324457A - Method for traffic density estimation - Google Patents
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本發明係關於一種交通密度估計方法，尤其是一種利用基地台與通訊設備間之週期性位置更新，進而判斷密度的交通密度估計方法。The present invention relates to a method for estimating traffic density, and more particularly to a method for estimating traffic density using a periodic position update between a base station and a communication device to determine density.
交通密度的高低可表現出一區域之行車順暢度。為確保一公路能保持較高之行車順暢度，政府機關必須準確掌握各路段之交通密度，才能及早發現路況不順之地點，並進行適度的流量管控或路線指引，使過度擁擠的交通獲得有效的舒緩。The level of traffic density can show the smoothness of driving in an area. In order to ensure that a road can maintain a high level of traffic smoothness, government agencies must accurately grasp the traffic density of each road segment in order to find out the location where the road conditions are not smooth, and conduct appropriate traffic control or route guidance to make the overcrowded traffic effective. Soothing.
在交通密度取得的方法中，較常見的是設置數車輛偵測器。該數車輛偵測器係分別設置於該公路之數定點，透過各個車輛偵測器所擷取之車輛資訊，判斷在各該路段之交通密度。然而，若該車輛偵測器設置數量不足，將無法測得部份路段之車輛密度；若設置數量過多，又需耗費大量之架設與維護成本，在準確度與成本支出上難以取得較好的平衡。Among the methods of obtaining traffic density, it is more common to set a number of vehicle detectors. The number of vehicle detectors are respectively set at a fixed point of the road, and the traffic density of each road section is determined by the vehicle information captured by each vehicle detector. However, if the number of vehicle detectors is insufficient, it will not be possible to measure the vehicle density of some sections; if the number of installations is too large, it will cost a lot of erection and maintenance costs, which is difficult to achieve in terms of accuracy and cost. balance.
除此之外，交通密度也可藉由配備GPS之探偵車回報。透過該GPS探偵車實際行駛於公路上，取得該公路之最新路況資訊。然而，透過GPS探偵車回報交通資訊，通常存在GPS探偵車數目不足或時間樣本不夠等問題，該方式並不能精確的表現出不同路段之交通狀況，且過多的GPS探偵車也將導致交通更加擁擠，在測得交通密度之同時，也影響了原本之密度分布與行車順暢度。In addition, traffic density can also be reported by a GPS-equipped Detective. Through the GPS probe, the actual vehicle travels on the road to obtain the latest road condition information of the road. However, through the GPS survey vehicle to report traffic information, there are usually problems such as insufficient number of GPS probes or insufficient time samples. This method does not accurately show the traffic conditions of different road sections, and too many GPS probes will lead to more traffic congestion. In addition to measuring the traffic density, it also affects the original density distribution and driving smoothness.
本發明之主要目的係提供一種交通密度估計方法，該方法可減少額外之架設與維護成本。The primary object of the present invention is to provide a method of estimating traffic density that reduces additional erection and maintenance costs.
本發明之次要目的係提供一種交通密度估計方法，該方法可不影響原本交通密度而取得密度資訊。A secondary object of the present invention is to provide a method for estimating traffic density, which can obtain density information without affecting the original traffic density.
為達到前述發明目的，本發明之一種交通密度估計方法，係包含：一無通話之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟，係於該基地台之涵蓋範圍內，針對一移動中且無通話行為之該通訊設備，以一無通話機率方程式計算該週期性位置更新發生之機率，作為一無通話之週期性位置更新機率值；一通話之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟，係於該基地台之涵蓋範圍內，針對一移動中且具有通話行為之該通訊設備，以一通話機率方程式計算該週期性位置更新發生之機率，作為一通話之週期性位置更新機率值；一綜合之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟，係將該無通話之週期性位置更新機率值與通話之週期性位置更新機率值，利用一綜合機率方程式計算一綜合之週期性位置更新機率值；及一交通密度計算步驟，係將該綜合之週期性位置更新機率值，以一計算方程式計算得一交通密度值。In order to achieve the foregoing object, a traffic density estimation method of the present invention includes: a non-call periodic location update probability calculation step, which is within the coverage of the base station, and is for a mobile and no call behavior. The communication device calculates the probability of occurrence of the periodic location update as a no-call probability equation, as a non-call periodic location update probability value; a call periodic location update probability calculation step is included in the coverage of the base station For a communication device that is in motion and has a call behavior, the probability of occurrence of the periodic location update is calculated by a call probability equation as a periodic location update probability value of a call; and a comprehensive periodic location update probability calculation is performed. The step of updating the probability value of the non-call periodic location update probability and the periodic location update of the call, using a comprehensive probability equation to calculate a comprehensive periodic location update probability value; and a traffic density calculation step, The integrated periodic position update probability value is calculated by a calculation equation Flux density value.
一種交通密度估計方法，其中該無通話之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟之無通話機率方程式為：A method for estimating traffic density, wherein the no-call probability equation of the non-call periodic location update probability calculation step is:
該x代表該通訊設備在進入該基地台前之週期性位置更新到進入該基地台之間隔時間；該L代表該基地台涵蓋範圍之路段長度；該V代表該通訊設備穿越該基地台之涵蓋範圍之平均速度；該C代表該週期性位置更新之週期時間。The x represents the interval between the periodic update of the communication device before entering the base station to enter the base station; the L represents the length of the road section covered by the base station; the V represents the coverage of the communication device traversing the base station The average speed of the range; this C represents the cycle time of the periodic location update.
一種交通密度估計方法，其中該通話之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟之通話機率方程式為：A traffic density estimation method, wherein the call probability equation of the periodic position update probability calculation step of the call is:
該λ代表具有通話行為之該通訊設備的平均通話率；該τ代表該通訊設備之通話間隔時間；該y代表該通訊設備前一次之通話行為到進入該基地台之間隔時間。The λ represents the average call rate of the communication device having the call behavior; the τ represents the talk interval of the communication device; the y represents the interval between the previous call behavior of the communication device and the entry into the base station.
一種交通密度估計方法，其中該綜合之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟之綜合機率方程式為：A traffic density estimation method, wherein the comprehensive probability equation of the integrated periodic position update probability calculation step is:
一種交通密度估計方法，其中該交通密度計算步驟之計算方程式為：A method for estimating traffic density, wherein the calculation formula of the traffic density calculation step is:
為讓本發明之上述及其他目的、特徵及優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉本發明之較佳實施例，並配合所附圖式，作詳細說明如下：請參照第1圖所示，本發明之交通密度估計方法之較佳實施例，係包含一運算處理裝置1、數基地台2及數通訊設備3。該運算處理裝置1可與數基地台2進行通訊，以獲取該數基地台2之一訊號資料，該運算處理裝置1係為一電腦等運算處理器，並可進行資料暫存與運算作業。該數通訊設備3可與數基地台2進行一週期性位置更新(Periodic Location Update,PLU)，且各該通訊設備3皆分別設於一移動體，使該移動體可透過該通訊設備3與基地台2進行該週期性位置更新。該通訊設備3與該移動體之種類在此並不設限，較佳如本實施例中，該通訊設備3為一行動電話，該移動體為行駛於路上之一車輛。The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the aspects of the appended claims. A preferred embodiment of the traffic density estimation method of the present invention comprises an arithmetic processing device 1, a number base station 2, and a number communication device 3. The arithmetic processing device 1 can communicate with the number base station 2 to acquire signal data of the number of base stations 2. The arithmetic processing device 1 is an arithmetic processor such as a computer, and can perform data temporary storage and calculation operations. The number communication device 3 can perform a periodic location update (PLU) with the number of base stations 2, and each of the communication devices 3 is respectively disposed on a mobile body, so that the mobile body can be transmitted through the communication device 3 The base station 2 performs this periodic location update. The type of the communication device 3 and the mobile body are not limited herein. Preferably, in the embodiment, the communication device 3 is a mobile phone, and the mobile body is a vehicle traveling on the road.
請參照第2圖所示，本發明之交通密度估計方法係包含一無通話之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟S1、一通話之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟S2、一綜合之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟S3及一流量密度計算步驟S4。Referring to FIG. 2, the traffic density estimation method of the present invention includes a non-call periodic location update probability calculation step S1, a call periodic location update probability calculation step S2, and a comprehensive periodic location update probability. Step S3 and a flow density calculation step S4 are calculated.
該無通話之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟S1，係於該基地台2之涵蓋範圍內，針對一移動中且無通話行為之該通訊設備3，以一無通話機率方程式計算該週期性位置更新發生之機率，作為一無通話之週期性位置更新機率值。該無通話機率方程式之種類可以是任何機率公式，在此並不設限，在本實施例中，該無通話機率方程式可表示成：The non-call periodic location update probability calculation step S1 is within the coverage of the base station 2, and the periodic location update is calculated by a non-call probability equation for the communication device 3 that is in a mobile and has no call behavior. The probability of occurrence, as a non-call periodic location update probability value. The type of the non-call probability equation can be any probability formula, which is not limited herein. In this embodiment, the no-call probability equation can be expressed as:
請參照第3圖所示，該通訊設備3第一次週期性位置更新於一時間點t 10 、第二次週期性位置更新於一時間點t 12 ，該通訊設備3進入該基地台2之涵蓋範圍於一時間點t 11 、離開該基地台2之涵蓋範圍於一時間點t 13 。在該無通話機率方程式中，該x代表該通訊設備3在進入該基地台2前之週期性位置更新時間t 10 ，與進入該基地台2之時間t 11 之間隔，即為[t 10 ,t 11 ]。該L代表該基地台2涵蓋範圍之路段長度，該V代表該通訊設備3穿越該基地台2之涵蓋範圍之平均速度，而該L/V代表該通訊設備3在該基地台2之涵蓋範圍內所停留之時間，即為[t 11 ,t 13 ]。該C代表該週期性位置更新之週期時間，即為[t 10 ,t 12 ]。透過本發明較佳實施例之無通話機率方程式，可在該基地台2之涵蓋範圍內，針對無通話行為之該通訊設備3，計算該通訊設備3發生週期性位置更新之機率。Referring to FIG. 3, the first periodic position of the communication device 3 is updated at a time point t 10 , and the second periodic position is updated at a time point t 12 , and the communication device 3 enters the base station 2 Covering a time point t 11 , leaving the coverage of the base station 2 at a point in time t 13 . In the no-call probability equation, the x represents the periodic position update time t 10 of the communication device 3 before entering the base station 2, and the time interval t 11 from entering the base station 2 is [ t 10 , t 11 ]. The L represents the length of the section of the base station 2, the V represents the average speed of the communication device 3 traversing the coverage of the base station 2, and the L/V represents the coverage of the communication device 3 at the base station 2. The time spent inside is [ t 11 , t 13 ]. This C represents the cycle time of the periodic location update, which is [ t 10 , t 12 ]. Through the no-call probability equation of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the probability of periodic location update of the communication device 3 can be calculated for the communication device 3 without call behavior within the coverage of the base station 2.
該通話之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟S2，係於該基地台2之涵蓋範圍內，針對一移動中且具有通話行為之該通訊設備3，以一通話機率方程式計算該週期性位置更新發生之機率，作為一通話之週期性位置更新機率值。該通話行為包含撥話(call origination)行為與受話(call termination)行為。該通話機率方程式之種類可以是任何機率公式，在此並不設限，在本實施例中，該通話機率方程式可表示成：The periodic location update probability calculation step S2 of the call is within the coverage of the base station 2, and for the communication device 3 that is in motion and has the call behavior, the periodic location update occurs by using a call probability equation. Probability, as a periodic location update probability value for a call. The call behavior includes call origination behavior and call termination behavior. The type of the call probability equation can be any probability formula, which is not limited herein. In this embodiment, the call probability equation can be expressed as:
請參照第4圖所示，該通訊設備3第一次週期性位置更新於一時間點t 20 、第二次週期性位置更新於一時間點t 23 ，該通訊設備3第一次通話行為發生於一時間點t 21 、第二次通話行為發生於一時間點t 25 ，該通訊設備3進入該基地台2之涵蓋範圍於一時間點t 22 、離開該基地台2之涵蓋範圍於一時間點t 24 。在該通話機率方程式中，該λ代表具有通話行為之該通訊設備3的平均通話率，即為一定時間內之通話行為數量。該τ代表該通訊設備3之通話間隔時間，該τ在此並不設限，在本實施例中係呈一指數分佈之隨機變數，且平均通話間隔時間為1/λ，即為[t 21 ,t 25 ]。該y代表該通訊設備3前一次之通話行為到進入該基地台2之間隔時間，即為[t 21 ,t 22 ]。透過本發明較佳實施例之通話機率方程式，可在該基地台2之涵蓋範圍內，針對有通話行為之該通訊設備3，計算該發生週期性位置更新之機率。Referring first to FIG. 4, the first communication device 3 a periodic location update at the time point t 20, the second periodic location update at a time point t 23, 3 call behavior of the first communication device occurs At a time point t 21 , the second call behavior occurs at a time point t 25 , and the communication device 3 enters the coverage of the base station 2 at a time point t 22 , leaving the coverage of the base station 2 at a time Point t 24 . In the call probability equation, the λ represents the average call rate of the communication device 3 having the call behavior, that is, the number of call behaviors within a certain period of time. The τ represents the talk interval of the communication device 3, and the τ is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the exponentially distributed random variable is present, and the average talk interval is 1/λ, that is, [ t 21 , t 25 ]. The y represents the interval between the previous call behavior of the communication device 3 and the time of entering the base station 2, that is, [ t 21 , t 22 ]. Through the call probability equation of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the probability of occurrence of the periodic location update can be calculated for the communication device 3 having the call behavior within the coverage of the base station 2.
該綜合之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟S3，係將該無通話之週期性位置更新機率值與通話之週期性位置更新機率值，利用一綜合機率方程式計算一綜合之週期性位置更新機率值。該綜合機率方程式之種類可以是任何機率公式，在此並不設限，在本實施例中，該綜合機率方程式可表示成：The integrated periodic location update probability calculation step S3 is to calculate a comprehensive periodic location update probability value by using a comprehensive probability equation to update the non-call periodic location update probability value and the call periodic location update probability value. The type of the comprehensive probability equation may be any probability formula, and is not limited herein. In this embodiment, the comprehensive probability equation can be expressed as:
透過該綜合機率方程式，可在該基地台2之涵蓋範圍內，針對無通話行為與有通話行為之該通訊設備3，計算該發生週期性位置更新之機率。Through the comprehensive probability equation, the probability of occurrence of the periodic location update can be calculated for the communication device 3 having no call behavior and having a call behavior within the coverage of the base station 2.
該交通密度計算步驟S4，係將該綜合之週期性位置更新機率值，以一計算方程式計算得一交通密度值。更詳言之，在本實施例中，該通訊裝置3係結合該車輛並與該車輛同時進行移動，故該通訊裝置3之週期性位置更新數目必與該車輛之數目呈現正相關，因此可利用該綜合之週期性位置更新機率值推算該交通流量密度。該計算方程式可表示成：The traffic density calculation step S4 calculates the traffic density value by calculating the cumulative periodic position update probability value by a calculation equation. More specifically, in the embodiment, the communication device 3 is combined with the vehicle and moved simultaneously with the vehicle, so the number of periodic location updates of the communication device 3 must be positively correlated with the number of vehicles. The traffic flow density is estimated using the integrated periodic location update probability value. The calculation equation can be expressed as:
其中，該u代表該通訊設備3於該基地台2之涵蓋範圍內發生週期性位置更新之數量。該F代表該基地台2之涵蓋範圍內之總車流量。該D代表該基地台2之涵蓋範圍內之交通密度。由於該交通流量密度D即為總車流量F除以平均車速V，故該計算方程式(4)可經過整理，並表示成方程式(5)中之交通密度。Wherein, the u represents the number of periodic location updates of the communication device 3 within the coverage of the base station 2. This F represents the total traffic volume within the coverage of the base station 2. This D represents the traffic density within the coverage of the base station 2. Since the traffic flow density D is the total traffic flow F divided by the average vehicle speed V , the calculation equation (4) can be sorted and expressed as the traffic density in equation (5).
本發明之交通密度估計方法，係利用生活週遭之基地台與通訊設備之週期性位置更新動作進行估計，不需額外增設偵測裝置，具有減少額外架設與維護成本之功效。The traffic density estimation method of the present invention estimates the periodic location update action of the base station and the communication equipment around the living environment, and does not need to additionally add a detection device, thereby reducing the cost of additional erection and maintenance.
本發明之速度估計方法，不需派出特殊用途之探偵車實際行駛於路上，具有不干擾車流量而取得車速資訊之功效。The speed estimation method of the present invention does not need to send a special-purpose probe vehicle to actually travel on the road, and has the effect of obtaining vehicle speed information without disturbing the traffic flow.
雖然本發明已利用上述較佳實施例揭示，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何熟習此技藝者在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍之內，相對上述實施例進行各種更動與修改仍屬本發明所保護之技術範疇，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。While the invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments described above, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The technical scope of the invention is protected, and therefore the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.
[本發明][this invention]
1．．．運算處理裝置1. . . Operation processing device
2．．．基地台2. . . Base station
3．．．通訊設備3. . . Communication equipment
S1．．．無通話之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟S1. . . No-call periodic location update probability calculation step
S2．．．通話之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟S2. . . Cyclic location update probability calculation procedure
S3．．．綜合之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟S3. . . Integrated periodic location update probability calculation steps
S4．．．交通密度計算步驟S4. . . Traffic density calculation step
第1圖：本發明交通密度估計方法之實施裝置圖。Figure 1 is a diagram showing the implementation of the traffic density estimation method of the present invention.
第2圖：本發明交通密度估計方法之步驟流程圖。Figure 2 is a flow chart showing the steps of the method for estimating the traffic density of the present invention.
第3圖：本發明交通密度估計方法之週期性位置更新示意圖。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the periodic location update of the traffic density estimation method of the present invention.
第4圖：本發明交通密度估計方法之週期性位置更新示意圖。Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the periodic location update of the traffic density estimation method of the present invention.
S1．．．無通話之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟S1. . . No-call periodic location update probability calculation step
S2．．．通話之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟S2. . . Cyclic location update probability calculation procedure
S3．．．綜合之週期性位置更新機率計算步驟S3. . . Integrated periodic location update probability calculation steps
S4．．．交通密度計算步驟S4. . . Traffic density calculation step
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| TW201324457A true TW201324457A (en) | 2013-06-16 |
| TWI446302B TWI446302B (en) | 2014-07-21 |
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| TW100145769A TWI446302B (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2011-12-12 | Method for traffic density estimation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TWI490453B (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2015-07-01 | Chunghwa Telecom Co Ltd | Method and system of traffic information estimation using action user signaling |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TWI569225B (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2017-02-01 | Chunghwa Telecom Co Ltd | A Method of Estimating Traffic Information Based on Multiple Regression Model of Mobile Network Signaling |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TWI490453B (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2015-07-01 | Chunghwa Telecom Co Ltd | Method and system of traffic information estimation using action user signaling |
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