TW201320111A - Wide pitch differential pair cable - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrical system includes a shielded electrical cable, comprising one or more pairs of conductors extending along a length of the cable and spaced apart from each other along a width of the cable. First and second shielding films are disposed on opposite sides of the electrical cable, the first and second shielding films including cover portions and pinched portions arranged such that, in transverse cross section, the cover portions of the first and second films in combination substantially surround each of the first and second conductors, and the pinched portions of the first and second films in combination form at least one pinched portion of the cable between the first and second conductors. A maximum separation between the cover portions of the first and second shielding films is D and a minimum separation between the pinched portions of the first and second shielding films is d, d/D being less than about 0.5. A first signal propagates along the first conductor and a second signal propagates along the second conductor, wherein the first and second signals are complementary signals.

Description

Wide differential differential pair cable

The present invention generally relates to shielded cables, systems, and methods.

Cables for transmitting electrical signals are well known. One common type of cable is a coaxial cable. Coaxial cables typically include electrically conductive wires surrounded by an insulator. The wires and insulators are surrounded by a shield, and the wires, insulators, and shields are surrounded by a jacket. Another common type of cable is a shielded cable that contains one or more insulated signal conductors surrounded by a shield (eg, formed of a metal foil). In order to facilitate electrical connection of the shielding layer, another uninsulated wire is sometimes provided between the shielding layer and the insulating material of the or the signal wires. These two common types of cables typically require the use of specially designed connectors for termination and are generally not suitable for use with mass-termination techniques, i.e., multiple wires to individual contact elements (such as electricity). The electrical contacts of the connector or the contact elements on the printed circuit board are connected at the same time.

Some embodiments include a shielded electrical cable comprising one or more pairs of conductors extending along the length of the cable and spaced apart from one another along the width of the cable. Each of the pairs includes a first wire and a second wire. Each of the first and second conductors includes a conductor wire and is surrounded by a wire insulation material. The first and second shielding films are disposed on opposite sides of the cable. The first and the second shielding film comprise a covering portion and a clamping portion, and the covering portions and the clamping portions are matched Positioning such that, in the cross-section, the covering portions of the first and second films are combined to substantially surround each of the first and second wires, and the first and second films are The clamping portions are combined to form a clamping portion of the cable on at least one of the first and second conductors. When the cable is laid flat, the center-to-center spacing between the first and second insulated wires is greater than about 1.2D. The maximum spacing between the covering portions of the first and second shielding films is D, and the minimum spacing between the clamping portions of the first and second shielding films is d, wherein the ratio d/ D is less than about 0.5. When the first and second wires are of equal length, the difference between the propagation delay of the first wire and the propagation delay of the second wire is less than about 20 picoseconds/meter.

Some embodiments include an electrical system. The electrical system includes a shielded electrical cable including one or more pairs of conductors extending along the length of the cable and spaced apart from each other along the width of the cable. Each of the pairs includes a first wire and a second wire, each of the first and second wires comprising a core wire and surrounded by a wire insulating material. First and second shielding films are disposed on opposite sides of the cable, the first and second shielding films including a covering portion and a clamping portion, the covering portions and the clamping portions being configured such that: In the cross-section, the covering portions of the first and second films are combined to substantially surround each of the first and second wires, and the clamping portions of the first and second films Combiningly forms at least one clamping portion of the cable between the first and second wires. a maximum interval between the covering portions of the first and second shielding films is D, and a minimum spacing between the clamping portions of the first and second shielding films For d, d/D is less than about 0.5. The system includes a first signal propagating along the first wire and a second signal propagating along the second wire, wherein the first and second signals are complementary signals.

Some embodiments include a method of using a cable. The cable includes one or more pairs of wires extending along the length of the cable and spaced apart from one another along the width of the cable. Each of the pairs includes a first wire and a second wire, each of the first and second wires comprising a core wire and surrounded by a wire insulating material. First and second shielding films are disposed on opposite sides of the cable, the first and second shielding films including a covering portion and a clamping portion, the covering portions and the clamping portions being configured such that: In the cross-section, the covering portions of the first and second films are combined to substantially surround each of the first and second wires, and the clamping portions of the first and second films Combiningly forms at least one clamping portion of the cable between the first and second wires. a maximum interval between the covering portions of the first and second shielding films is D, and a minimum interval between the clamping portions of the first and second shielding films is d, and d/D is less than About 0.5. Propagating the first signal along the first wire and propagating the second signal along the second wire, wherein the first and second signals are complementary signals.

The above summary of the present invention is not intended to describe each embodiment or every embodiment of the invention. The following figures and embodiments illustrate the illustrative embodiments in more detail.

As the number and speed of interconnected devices increases, the cable carrying signals between such devices needs to be smaller and capable of carrying higher speed signals, There will be no unacceptable interference or crosstalk. Differential signaling can be implemented to transmit information over a pair of wires, one of which carries a signal complementary to the signal carried by the other wire. For example, for substantially the entire length of the cable, the complementary signals may be out of phase by about 180 degrees. Differential signaling provides some level of noise immunity because at the receiving end, the differential signals carried by the pairs of conductors are subtracted from each other, which reduces the complexity between each conductor and ground. The effect of the news.

Shields are used in some cables to reduce the interaction between signals carried by adjacent wires. The differential pairs in the cable have been configured to be closely adjacent and shielded together to provide some degree of noise immunity to signals carried by adjacent pairs of wires in the cable. However, where the wires of the cable are attached to the terminating connector, the spacing of the wires in the cable (including the pair of differential wires placed in close proximity and/or shielded together) may need to be increased. For example, if the distance between the connector terminals is greater than the wire spacing, the wire spacing is increased to align with the connector terminal pitch. As explained in more detail below, increasing the wire spacing at the termination points may result in impedance changes and/or internal signal deviations at the termination points, and/or may make it more difficult to collectively terminate the cable wires.

Some of the cables described herein can be configured in a generally flat configuration and include a plurality of wires extending along the length of the cable and an electrical shielding film disposed on opposite sides of the cable. The cable can be configured in various folding configurations as discussed below. The clamping portion of the shielding film can be placed between adjacent wires. An insulating sheath can be placed around the conductive shield. The cable described in this document can be configured with a conductor spacing at the termination point of the cable. This conductor spacing reduces the conductor to the termination. The mismatch between the connectors is also suitable for providing noise immunity associated with differential signaling.

1 illustrates an exemplary shielded electrical cable 2 depicting two pairs of four conductors 6 that are spaced apart from each other along the width w of the cable 2 and that extend along the length L of the cable 2. The wire 6 includes a conductive wire 6a surrounded by an insulating material 6b. The cable 2 can be generally configured in a planar configuration as illustrated in Figure 1, or can be folded into a folded configuration at one or more locations along its length. In some implementations, portions of the cable 2 can be configured in a planar configuration and other portions of the cable can be folded up. The wires 6 of the cable 2 can be configured to be substantially parallel along all or a portion of the length L of the cable 2.

Two shielding films 8 are placed on opposite sides of the cable 2. The first and second shielding films 8 are configured such that, in cross section, the cable 2 includes a cover area 14 and a clamping area 18. In the covering area 14 of the cable 2, in the cross section, the covering portions 7 of the first and second shielding films 8 substantially surround each of the wires 6. For example, the cover portion 7 of the shielding film can collectively surround at least 75%, or at least 80%, or at least 85%, or at least 90% of the perimeter of any given wire. The clamping portions 9 of the first and second shielding films form a clamping region 18 of the cable 2 on each side of each of the wires 6. In the clamping region 18 of the cable 2, one or both of the shielding films 8 are deflected so that the clamping portions 9 of the shielding film 8 are closer together.

In some configurations, as illustrated in Figure 1, the two shielding films 8 are deflected in the clamping region 18 to bring the clamping portions 9 closer together. These configurations are referred to herein as symmetric configurations. In some configurations, one of the shielding films may remain relatively in the clamping region 18 when the cable is in a planar or unfolded configuration. It is flat and can deflect another shielding film on the opposite side of the cable to bring the clamping portion of the shielding film closer together. These configurations are referred to herein as asymmetric configurations.

Cable 2 may include one or more optional ground or drain wires 12 that may be disposed, for example, between pairs of wires. The ground/drain wire can be an insulated or non-insulated wire and can be electrically coupled to one or both of the shielding films 8. For example, the ground/drain wire 12 can form direct direct current (DC) electrical contact with the shielding film 8. As another example, the ground/drain line 12 can be coupled (AC) (capacitively) to the shielding film 8. In a circuit configuration, the ground/drain line 12 can be coupled to circuit ground or, in some cases, can be coupled to a circuit power rail. In some circuit configurations, the ground/drain line may not be connected to ground, may not provide draining, and/or may be coupled to the circuit to carry various signals, but for convenience of naming, this is referred to herein as grounding. / drain wire. The ground/drain wire 12 can be spaced apart from the insulated wire 6 and extend in substantially the same direction as the insulated wire 6. In some cases, as shown in Figure 1, ground/shielded wires 12 are disposed between each differential pair 4, but other configurations are possible, some of which are discussed herein.

The cable 2 may optionally include an adhesive layer 10 disposed between the shielding portions 8 at least between the clamping portions 9. The adhesive layer 10 engages at least the clamping portions 9 of the shielding film 8 with each other in the clamping region 18 of the cable 2. The optional adhesive layer 10 can bond the shielding films 8 to each other in the clamping region 18. The adhesive layer 10 can also be present in the cover area 14 of the cable 2. In the cover region 14, the adhesive layer 10 can bond the shielding film to the wire insulation.

The cable core and/or ground/drain wire may comprise any suitable electrically conductive material, and Can have a variety of cross-sectional shapes and sizes. For example, in the cross section, the core wire and/or ground/drain wire may be circular, elliptical, rectangular or any other shape. One or more of the cable cores and/or ground/drain wires in the cable may have a different shape and/or size than the other conductors and/or ground wires in the cable. The core wire and/or the non-insulated wire may be a solid wire or a stranded wire. All of the cable cores and/or ground/drain wires in the cable may be stranded wires, all of which may be solid wires, or some may be twisted wires and some may be solid wires. The stranded cable cores and/or ground/drain wires can be of different sizes and/or shapes. The core wire and/or ground/drain wire may be coated or plated with various metals and/or metallic materials (including gold, silver, tin, and/or other materials) and/or other materials.

The material used for the insulating material can be any suitable material that achieves the desired electrical properties of the cable. In some cases, the insulating material used may be a foamed insulating material that includes air to reduce the dielectric constant and total thickness of the cable. One or both of the shielding films may include a conductive layer and a non-conductive polymeric layer. The shielding film may have a thickness in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm, and the total thickness of the cable may be less than 2 mm or less than 1 mm.

The conductive layer can comprise any suitable electrically conductive material including, but not limited to, copper, silver, aluminum, gold, and alloys thereof. The cable may include a sheath made of an electrically insulating material surrounding the shielding film 8.

The coaxial wire is formed by a core wire 6a surrounded by an insulating material 6b, which in turn is substantially surrounded by the shielding film covering portion 7. Each pair 4 includes two coaxial wires 6. Each pair 4 can be configured as a differential signaling pair that is configured to carry a complementary signal, as indicated by the "+" and "-" signs in FIG.

2A and 2B are cross-sectional views illustrating cables 200a, 200b in accordance with some embodiments. Cable 200a includes a single coaxial pair 204, while cable 200b exhibits the same general configuration as cable 200a in multiple coaxial pair versions. Although cables 200a and 200b respectively show one wire pair and two wire pairs, it will be appreciated that the cable can include any number of wire pairs. Cables 200a, 200b illustrate one or more pairs 204 of wires 206 and one or more ground/drain wires 212 that are spaced apart from wires 206 in this implementation. Wire 206 includes a conductive line 206a surrounded by an insulating material 206b. As best seen in Figure 2a, the cables 200a and 200b include a cover area 221 and a clamping area 225. In the footprint 221 of the cable 200a, 200b, the shielding film 208 includes a first cover portion 222 that covers the wire 206. In cross-section, the cover portions 222 combine to substantially surround the wire 206. In the clamping region 225 between the two wires 206, each of the shielding films 208 includes a clamping portion 226 that flexes the clamping portion 226 to bring the shielding film 208 closer together in the clamping region 225. .

The ground/drain wire 212 can be spaced apart from the insulated wire 206 and extend in substantially the same direction as the insulated wire 206. The ground/drain wire 212 can be in electrical contact with at least one of the shielding films 208. Wire 206 and ground/drain wire 212 can be configured to be generally in the plane illustrated in Figures 2A and 2B.

The cables 200a, 200b include a cover area 223 in which the shielding film 208 includes a cover portion 224 that covers the ground/drain line. The clamping region 227 is disposed between the wire 206 and the ground/drain wire 212. In the clamping region 227, the clamping portion 228 of each of the shielding films 208 is deflected, thereby bringing the shielding film 208 closer together in the second clamping region 227.

The optional adhesive layer 210 can bond the shielding films 208 to each other in the clamping region 225 between the wires 206 and/or in the clamping region 227 between the wires 206 and the ground/drain wires 212. In some cases, the adhesive layer may extend or be disposed in one or both of the wire coverage area 221 and/or the ground/drain line coverage area 223 and/or the ground/drain line coverage. In one or both of the regions 223, the wire insulation material 206b and/or the ground/drain wire 212 are bonded to the shielding film 208. In the case where an adhesive is present between the ground/drain wire 212 and the shielding film 208, the adhesive used may be a conductive adhesive to facilitate electrical connection between the ground/drain wire 212 and the shielding film 208.

As illustrated in FIG. 2A, each of the shielding film covering portions 222 can include a concentric portion 222a that is substantially concentric with the wire 206, and a transition at a transition between the covering portion 222 of the shielding film 208 and the clamping portions 226, 228. Section 222b. In some embodiments, the transition portion 222b can be located on both sides of the wire 206 (as illustrated by the cable 200a), however, in some embodiments, the transition portion may be located only on one side of the wire.

The transition portion 222b of the shielding film 208 can provide a gradual transition between the concentric portion 222a of the shielding film 208 and the clamping portion 226. In contrast to a sharp transition such as a right angle transition or transition point (as opposed to a transition portion), a gradual or smooth transition such as a substantially sigmoidal transition provides strain and strain relief to the shielding film 208 in the region of the transition portion 222b, and When the shielded cable 200a is in use (eg, when the shielded cable 222a is bent laterally or axially), it helps to prevent damage to the shielding film 208 (eg, cracking and/or detachment of the shielding film).

Between the shielding films 208, the gap 250 is located at the transition portion 222b of the shielding film 208. In some implementations, the gap 250 can be substantially filled with air. In some configurations, the gap 250 is substantially filled with an adhesive (eg, from an adhesive layer) or other material, which is beneficial to the mechanical stability and/or electrical performance of the cable. For example, in some configurations, the gap volume may be substantially free of air, or may contain a small amount of air, such as less than 20%, 10%, 5% air, or less than 1% air. According to one aspect of at least some of the disclosed shielded electrical cables, acceptable electrical properties can be achieved by reducing the electrical influence of the transition portion, for example, by reducing the size of the transition portion and/or along the shielded electrical cable. The length of the transition carefully controls the configuration of the transition. Reducing the size of the transition portion reduces capacitance deviation and reduces the required space between the plurality of wire sets, thereby reducing wire group spacing and/or increasing electrical isolation between the wire groups. Careful control of the configuration of the transition along the length of the shielded cable helps to achieve predictable electrical behavior and consistency, providing a high-speed transmission line for more reliable transmission of electrical data. As the size of the transition portion approaches the lower and upper limits, careful control of the configuration of the transition portion along the length of the shielded cable is a factor.

Each of the insulated wires 206 and the cover portion 222 of the shielding film 208 are effectively configured in a coaxial cable configuration. Each pair 204 of coaxial wires 206 can be used together as a differential pair that is configured to carry complementary signals as indicated by the "+" and "-" signs.

As illustrated in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2A, there is a maximum spacing D between the covered portions 222 of the shielding film 208, and there is a minimum spacing d between the clamping portions 226, 228 of the shielding film 208. In some implementations, the ratio d/D is less than about 0.5. The center-to-center spacing between the conductors 206 in the pair 204 is designated as w _cc , which can be determined as the center point of the first core wire 206a in the pair of conductors 204 and the center of the second core wire 206a in the pair 204 The distance of the point. In various embodiments, w _cc can have any value equal to or greater than D, and an exemplary value of w _cc can range between about 1.2D to about 10D. In some cases, w _cc can be greater than 10D. The center-to-edge spacing between the wire 206 and the adjacent ground/drain wire 212 is designated w _cg , which can be determined as the distance from the center point of the core wire 206a to the edge of the ground/drain wire 212. In some cases, w _cg can be greater than or about equal to 0.5 D, and an exemplary value of w _cg is in the range of from about 0.5 D to about 10 D. In some implementations, w _cg can be greater than 10D.

The center-to-center spacing w _pp between the pairs of conductors 204 is determined as the distance from the center point of the first pair of conductors to the center point of the adjacent pair of conductors. In various embodiments, the exemplary value of w _pp is in the range of from about 2.5D to about 20D, or may even be greater than 20D. In some cable embodiments, w _cc , w _{cg ,} and/or w _pp may vary along the lateral direction of the cable, for example, the first wire pair w _cc may not be equal to the adjacent wire pair w _cc in the cable.

The electrical length of a cable is the length measured in terms of wavelength and is related to the frequency of the signal and the speed at which the signal propagates along the cable. The electrical length of the cable can be expressed as:

Where l is the physical length of the cable, f is the frequency of the signal, V _F is the speed factor of the cable, and α is a constant. The speed factor of the cable is the rate at which the signal passes through the cable:

Where c is the speed of light, L _S is the series inductance of the cable per unit length, and C _P is the parallel capacitance of the cable per unit length.

The characteristic impedance of the cable is:

The series impedance L _{S of the} coaxial cable and the parallel capacitance C _P depend on the physical properties and material properties of the cable. For differential pairs, such as the coaxial pair 204 discussed in connection with Figures 2A and 2B, the characteristic impedance and hence the electrical length and/or propagation delay can depend on a number of factors, including: the dielectric constant of the material between each core wire The diameter of the core wire, the distance between the core wire and the shield (this distance is related to the distance D), and/or the center-to-center spacing w _cc between the core wires. Wires having different electrical lengths may have different signal propagation times for signals of a particular given frequency. The wire of the wire pair can exhibit a skew between the signals carried on the wire, which is the difference in propagation time between the signals carried by the two wires of the pair. For wires with a specific physical length, the physical and material properties of the wire can be adjusted to change the electrical length of the wire.

The embodiments described herein cable may have a coaxial 2A and FIG. 2B in the coaxial cable 204 to the first and second conductors 206 explaining that d / D ratio is less than 0.5, w _cc may be greater than D (e.g., 1.2D to 10D) or even greater than 10D, wherein the coaxial wires have substantially equal propagation delay times and/or electrical lengths. In some embodiments, the difference between the propagation times used by the signal to propagate one meter in each of the wires 206 of the pair of wires 204 is less than 1%, and/or less than about 20 picoseconds, or even less than about 10 picoseconds.

Configuration terminating the wire spacing greater than the spacing (w _cc) between a pair of conductors, the length of the wire without a shield of the composition (which provides impedance control) long. Since the impedance in the span of the cable without the shield is different from the impedance in the cable or the impedance in the connector card, a difference in impedance is produced which may degrade the signal integrity. The greater the impedance difference and the longer the span of this impedance difference, the greater the degradation in signal integrity. Further, in the case where w _{cc is} smaller than the distance between the terminating connectors, the termination of the cable to the connector (for example, the connector printed circuit board) is difficult because the wire needs to be manipulated after the shield is peeled off.

3A depicts a cable termination configuration 301 in which the center-to-center spacing of the termination connectors 310 substantially matches the center-to-center spacing of the wires 316 of the dual-axis cable 391 shown in cross-section in FIG. 3B. The twinaxial cable 391 includes two insulated electrical conductors 316 that are collectively substantially surrounded by a shielding film 318 disposed on either side of the conductors 316.

3C depicts a cable termination configuration 302 in which the distance between the termination connectors 310 is wider than the spacing of the wires 316 of the biaxial cable 391 illustrated in FIG. 3B. Comparing Figures 3A and 3C, it can be observed that in the termination configuration 302 of Figure 3C, the spacing mismatch between the termination connector 310 and the conductor 316 is such that: configuration is compared to configuration 301 of Figure 3A. The shield 318 in 302 is further peeled back further. In addition, the conductor 316 of configuration 302 is compared to the conductor 316 of the termination configuration 301. The distance separating at the termination point is further. The termination configuration 302 of Figure 3C is not optimal compared to configuration 301. For example, self-terminating the connector 310 to peel back the shield a greater distance increases the likelihood of crosstalk and noise. Additionally, the increased spacing of wires 316 causes greater impedance discontinuities. Larger impedance discontinuities can cause increased reflection and cause a reduction in signal transmission through the termination. Impedance discontinuities can also cause impedance mismatch between the power supply and the load, resulting in signal reflection and/or resonance at the termination point and causing standing waves and/or signal attenuation. Additionally, the need for a larger spacing of wires 306 in configuration 302 complicates the termination process and can result in additional disposal and cost in the termination process.

FIG. 3D depicts a termination configuration 303 that includes a cable similar to cable 200a of FIG. 2A. The cable of configuration 303 includes a dual coaxial wire 306 that can operate as a differential pair. The cable has a shield layer 308 disposed on either side of the wire 306. W _cc spacing between wires 306 terminating connector substantially matches the spacing member 310. Thus, the shield in configuration 303 can remain relatively close to termination connector 310, and at termination connector 310, the spacing between wires 306 need not be substantially increased from pitch w _cc to match termination connector 310 spacing. Thus, the termination configuration 303 provides a more robust noise performance with the electrical length and/or propagation delay of the wires being substantially equal and the variation between the wires being reduced. Since it is easier to manufacture and/or assemble the cables, the cost can be reduced.

4 through 11 provide a single pair and multiple pairs of examples of cables 400a, 400b, 500a, 500b, 600a, 600b, 700a, 700b, 800a, 800b, 900, 1000, 1100 in accordance with various embodiments. In these embodiments, the wire and the shielding film are configured such that the shielding film covers each of the wires The deflection in the domain substantially surrounds the wires and effectively provides a coaxial cable configuration. Each pair of coaxial wires can be used together as a differential pair configured to carry a complementary signal, as indicated by the "+" and "-" signs on the wire.

As illustrated in the cross-sectional views of the cables 400a, 400b, 500a, 500b, 600a, 600b, 700a, 700b, 800a, 800b, 900, 1000, there is a maximum spacing D between the covered portions of the shielding film in the coverage area. And there is a minimum spacing d between the clamping portions of the shielding film. In some implementations, the ratio d/D is less than about 0.5. In various embodiments, the spacing w _cc between the wires in a pair can have any value equal to or greater than D. An exemplary value for w _cc can range from about 1.2D to about 10D, however, in some cases, w _cc can be greater than 10D. The center-to-edge spacing between the wire and the adjacent ground/drain wire is designated as w _cg , which can be determined as the distance from the center point of the core wire to the edge of the ground/drain wire. In some cases, w _cg can be greater than or about equal to 0.5 D, and an exemplary value of w _cg is in the range of from about 0.5 D to about 10 D. In some cases, w _cg can be greater than 10D.

The center-to-center spacing w _pp between the pairs of wires is determined as the distance from the center point of the first pair of wires to the center point of the adjacent pair of wires. In various embodiments, the exemplary value of w _pp is in the range of from about 2.5D to about 20D, or may even be greater than 20D.

The coaxial wires of the pair of wires may have substantially equal propagation delay times and/or electrical lengths. In some embodiments, the difference between the propagation times used by the signal to propagate one meter in each of the wires in the pair of wires is less than 1%, and/or less than about 20 picoseconds, or even less than about 10 Picoseconds.

4A and 4B are cross-sectional views illustrating cables 400a, 400b and cables 200a, 200b have some similarity, except that cable 400a includes a ground/drain line between the conductors of a pair of conductors, and the ground/drain line is not disposed between the pairs of conductors (eg, at cable 200a) , 200b). Cable 400a includes a single coaxial pair 404, while cable 400b exhibits the same general configuration as cable 400a in multiple coaxial pair versions.

As best seen in Figure 4A, cables 400a and 400b include a footprint 421 and a clamping region 425. In the footprint 421, the shielding film 408 includes a cover portion 422 that covers the wires 406. In cross-section, the cover portions 422 combine to substantially surround the wire 406. Clamping regions 425 of cables 400a, 400b are positioned between wires 406 of adjacent pairs 404. In the clamping region 425, each of the shielding films 408 includes a clamping portion 426 that flexes the clamping portions 426 to bring the shielding film 408 closer together in the clamping region 425.

Each shielding film 408 includes a cover area 423 and a clamping area 427. In the coverage area 423, the cover portion 424 of the shielding film 408 is disposed around the ground/drain line 412. In the clamping region 427, the clamping portion 428 of the shielding film 408 is disposed between the wire 406 and the ground/drain wire 412. In the implementation illustrated in Figures 4A and 4B, the clamping portion 427 of each of the shielding films 408 is flexed such that the shielding film 408 is more closely adjacent in the clamping region 427.

5A and 5B illustrate that the cables 500a, 500b have some similarities to the cables 200a, 200b and 400a, 400b, except that in the cables 500a, 500b, the ground/drain wires 512 are placed in each A wire pair 504 between wires 506 and a ground/drain wire 512 are disposed in wire pair 504.

As best seen in Figure 5A, cables 500a and 500b include a cover area 521 and a clamping area 527. In the footprint 521, the shielding film 508 includes a cover portion 522 that covers the wires 506. In cross-section, the cover portions 522 combine to substantially surround the wire 506. The clamping region 527 of the cables 500a, 500b is positioned between the wire 506 and the ground/drain wire 512. In the clamping region 527, each of the shielding films 508 includes a clamping portion 528 that flexes the clamping portions 528 to bring the shielding film 508 closer together in the clamping region 527.

6A and 6B illustrate cables 600a, 600b in accordance with some embodiments. Cable 600a includes a single coaxial pair of conductors 604, while cable 600b exhibits the same general configuration as cable 600a in multiple coaxial pair versions. Cables 600a, 600b illustrate the configuration in which ground/drain wire 612 is in close proximity to wire 606. In such a close proximity configuration of the ground/drain line and the wire forming group, the outer surface of the ground/drain wire may contact the outer surface of the wire insulator. The ground/drain wire can be placed close to the wire to the same extent as the shield film is close to the wire. In such embodiments, the cover portion 632 of the shielding film 608 covers each of the wires 606 and the ground/drain wire 612.

The cables 600a and 600b include a cover area 631 and a clamping area 633. In the footprint 631, the shielding film 608 includes a cover portion 632 that covers the wires 606 and the ground/drain wires 612. In cross-section, the cover portions 632 combine to substantially surround the wire 606 and the ground/drain wire 612. Clamping regions 633 of cables 600a, 600b are positioned between wires 606 of wire pair 604. In the clamping region 633, each of the shielding films 608 includes a clamping portion 634 that flexes the clamping portions 634 such that the shielding film 608 is in the clamping region. Closer to 633.

Each shielding film 608 also includes a clamping region 639. In the clamping region 639, the clamping portion 640 of the shielding film 608 is disposed between the two ground/drain wires 612. As illustrated in Figures 6A and 6B, the clamping portion 640 of each of the shielding films 608 is deflected such that the shielding film 608 is more closely spaced in the clamping region 639.

7A and 7B illustrate that the cables 700a, 700b have some similarities to the cables 600a, 600b, except that in the cables 700a, 700b, the two ground/drain wires 712 are in close proximity to the wires 706. Cables 700a and 700b include a cover area 733 and a clamping area 739. In the footprint 733, the shielding film 708 includes a cover portion 734 that covers each of the wires 706 and the two ground/drain wires 712. In cross-section, the cover portions 733 combine to substantially surround the wire 706 and the ground/drain wire 712. Clamping regions 739 of cables 700a, 700b are positioned between two ground/drain wires 712. In the clamping region 739, each of the shielding films 708 includes a clamping portion 740 that flexes the clamping portions 740 to bring the shielding film 708 closer together in the clamping region 739.

The cables 200a, 200b, 400a, 400b, 500a, 500b, 600a, 600b, 700a, 700b discussed above are referred to as symmetric cables because the two shielding films are symmetrical with respect to the transverse axis. In some configurations, the cable can have an asymmetric shielding film as illustrated by cables 800a and 800b in Figures 8A and 8B. Cable 800a includes a single coaxial wire pair 804, while cable 800b exhibits the same general configuration as cable 800a in multiple coaxial pair versions.

Cables 800a and 800b include a cover area 841 and a clamping area 845, 847. In the footprint 841, the shielding film 808 includes cover portions 842t, 842b that cover the wires 806. In cross-section, the cover portions 842t, 842b combine to substantially surround the wire 806. Clamping regions 845 of cables 800a, 800b are positioned between wires 806 of a pair 804. In the clamping region 845, the shielding film 808 includes clamping portions 846t, 846b. The clamping portion 846t of one of the shielding films 808 is flexed to bring the shielding film 808 closer together in the clamping region 845. The clamping portion 846b of the opposing shielding film 808 can be made substantially undeflable or can be deflected less than the clamping portion 846t. Each shielding film 808 includes a clamping region 847. In the clamping region 847, the clamping portions 848t, 848b of the shielding film 808 are disposed between the wire 806 and the ground/drain wire 812, in this implementation, the ground/drain wire 812 is spaced apart from the wire. In the implementation illustrated in Figures 8A and 8B, the clamping portions 848t, 848b of each of the shielding films 808 are flexed such that the shielding film 808 is more closely adjacent in the clamping region 847. In some embodiments, in the clamping region between the wire and the ground/drain wire, only one of the shielding film clamping portions is deflected and the other clamping portion is substantially unflexed or The amount of deflection is small.

For example, the cross-sectional view of FIG. 9 illustrates that the cable 900 in which the ground/drain wire 912 and the wire 906 form a group is positioned closer to the wire 906 than in the cables 800a, 800b. In this configuration, the distance of the ground/drain wire 912 from the wire 906 is the same as the distance of the shielding film 908 from the wire 906. Cable 900 includes a single coaxial pair of wires 904, but the cable can include more than one pair of wires. Cable 900 illustrates the configuration in which ground/drain wire 912 is placed in close proximity to wire 606. In this embodiment, the cover portion 953 of the shielding film 908 covers both the wire 906 and the two ground/drain wires 912.

The cable 900a includes a cover area 953 and a clamping area 959. In the footprint 953, the shielding film 908 includes cover portions 954t, 954b that cover the wires 906 that are in close proximity to the two ground/drain lines 912. In cross-section, the cover portions 953 combine to substantially surround the group of conductors 906 and ground/drain wires 912. The clamping region 959 of the cable 900 is positioned between the groups formed by the wires and the ground/drain wires. In the clamping region 959, the shielding film 908 includes clamping portions 960t, 960b. The clamping portion 960t of one of the shielding films 908 is deflected to bring the shielding film 908 closer together in the clamping region 959. The clamping portion 960b of the opposing shielding film 908 can be made substantially undeflable or can be deflected less than the clamping portion 960t.

The cross-sectional view of FIG. 10 illustrates a cable 1000 in which a ground/drain line 1012 is positioned in close proximity to the conductor 1006. Cable 1000 includes a single coaxial pair of wires 1004, but the cable may include more than one pair of wires 1004. In this embodiment, the cover portions 1052t, 1052b of the shielding film 1008 cover the group of wires 1006 and the ground/drain wires 1012.

In cross-section, the cover portions 1053t, 1052b combine to substantially surround the group of conductors 1006 and the ground/drain line 1012. The clamping region 1057 of the cable 1000 is positioned between the groups formed by the wires 1006 and the ground/drain wires 1012. In the clamping region 1057, the shielding film 1008 includes clamping portions 1058t, 1057b. The clamping portion 1058t of one of the shielding films 1008 is deflected to bring the shielding film 1008 closer together in the clamping region 1057. The clamping portion 1058b of the opposing shielding film 1008 can be made substantially undeflable or can be deflected by a greater amount than the clamping portion 1058t.

In some implementations, the wire spacing between the coaxial pairs is inconsistent between the coaxial pairs along the width of the cable (lateral direction). These implementations facilitate terminal and terminal connections with inconsistent pair-to-pair spacing. As shown in cable 1100a of Figure 11A, the wires 1106 of the first pair of coaxial wires 1104 are separated by a first pitch wc _-c1 . The wire 1106 of the second coaxial wire pair 1105 is separated by a second pitch w _c-c2 , wherein the second pitch w _{c-c2 is} different from the first pitch.

In some implementations, the spacing of the wires between a pair of wires and/or between pairs of wires varies along the length of the cable (the longitudinal direction of the cable). The wire spacing along the length of the cable is illustrated by cable 1100b of Figure 11B. In this example, the wire-to-wire spacing w _c-c3 at one end or longitudinal position of the cable 1100b is less than the wire _-to- wire spacing w _{c-c4 of the} pair of wires at the other end or longitudinal position of the cable.

12 illustrates an electrical system 1200 including a cable 1220 that includes at least one coaxial pair, such as any of cables 400a, 400b, 500a, 500b, 600a, 600b, 700a, 700b, 800a, 800b, 900, 1000, 1100. One. The cable includes at least two wires 1221a, 1221b and a shield 1222. The wires 1221a, 1221b of the cable 1220 are terminated on the power supply side to the terminating connectors 1235a, 1235b of the first printed circuit (PC) board 1230, and are terminated at the target side to the terminating connectors 1245a of the second PC board 1245, 1245b. The spacing between the terminating connectors 1205a, 1205b is substantially the same as the spacing between the wires 1221a, 1221b of the coaxial pair of wires of the cable 1220. System 1200 includes a power source configured to generate two complementary signals that are substantially 180 degrees out of phase. One of the complementary signals is carried by the first wire 1221a of the coaxial wire pair, and the other of the complementary signals is second by the coaxial wire pair The wire 1221b carries. The complementary signal propagates from the power source to the target via wires 1221a, 1221b of cable 1220. At the target, the complementary signal is subtracted by a differential circuit component 1250 that produces a differential output signal at trace 1255.

For cable conductors, electrical characteristics that are often considered are characteristic impedances as previously discussed. Any impedance change along the length of the wire can cause power to be reflected back to the power source rather than to the target. Ideally, the wire will have no impedance variation along its length, but depending on the intended application, a variation of at most 5-10% may be acceptable. Another electrical characteristic that is often considered in a wire used in a differential communication configuration is the deviation or unequal transmission speed of two wires of a differential pair along at least a portion of its length. The deviation produces a differential signal to the common mode signal (which can be reflected back to the power supply), reduces the transmitted signal strength, produces electromagnetic radiation, and can significantly increase the bit error rate (in detail, jitter). Ideally, the wires of the differential pair will have no deviation, i.e., have substantially the same propagation delay. Depending on the intended application, a differential S-parameter SCD21 or SCD12 value of less than -15 dB to -30 dB at the relevant frequency (eg 6 GHz) (which is differential mode to common mode conversion from one end of the transmission line to the other end) The measured value of the deviation can be acceptable.

The deviation can be measured in the time domain. For example, a coaxial pair used in the differential mode of the cable described herein can achieve less than about 20 picoseconds per meter (psec/m) or less than about 10 psec/m at data transfer speeds of up to about 10 Gbps. Deviation.

Signal loss or attenuation is another important consideration for many cable applications. A typical loss specification for high speed I/O applications is that the cable is at, for example, 5 GHz. It has a loss of less than -6 dB at the frequency. (In this regard, the reader will understand, for example, that the loss of -5 dB is less than -6 dB.) This specification limits the attempt to directly use insulated wires for wire sets and/or for draining. Line to make the cable miniaturized. In general, cable loss increases as the wires used in the cable become thinner when other factors are equal. Although electroplating of wires (for example, silver plating, tin plating, or gold plating) can have an effect on cable loss, in many cases, less than about 32 wire gauges (32 AWG) or slightly smaller wire sizes (solid core or The twisted wire design) represents the practical minimum size of the signal line in some high speed I/O applications. However, in other high speed applications, smaller wire sizes may be feasible, and advances in technology are also expected to make smaller wire sizes acceptable.

In addition to the possibility of spacing alignment between the cable conductors and the terminating connectors, the construction of the cable embodiments discussed herein may have lower deviations and deviations to some dimensional variations (eg, wires) than the dual-axis cable configuration. Less sensitivity to center adjustment and wire diameter). The twinaxial cable includes a configuration such as the cable 391 illustrated in Figure 3B and a relatively conventional cable having a braided or wrapped shield. In some cases, cables comprising coaxial pairs, as described in various embodiments herein, are bundled, for example, along a transverse axis of the cable, thereby bringing the cable wires closer together. In some implementations, the cable bundle can be wrapped, for example, to maintain a bundled configuration and/or provide additional shielding. For example, the cable bundle can be placed in an outer wrap or extruded jacket with an outer shield or braid, if desired. Bundling a cable reduces the spacing between the wires of a pair of wires compared to a two-axis cable, providing a smaller and easier to manage profile, but electrical performance may be Predominant. Bundling the cable may also provide enhanced flexibility as compared to a twinaxial cable because the wires of the bundled cable according to embodiments described herein are separable and still maintain good electrical properties.

Any of the cables discussed herein (eg, cables 200a, 200b, 400a, 400b, 500a, 500b, 600a, 600b, 700a, 700b, 800a, 800b, 900, 1000, 1100a, 1100b) may be bundled into Various bundle configurations. Figures 13A-13C depict bundled cables 1300a, 1300b, 1300c that, when laid flat, will have some similarity to cable 200a of Figure 2A. In the cross-section of the bundle configuration, the distance between the core pairs of the conductor pairs illustrated in each of the cables 1300a, 1300b, 1300c is less than the w _cc spacing of the cables 1300a, 1300b, 1300c, where w _cc The spacing between the wires of the wire pair when the cable is laid flat. The distance between the wires of the cable 1300a is less than the distance between the wires of the cable 1300b, and the distance between the wires of the cable 1300b is less than the distance between the wires of the cable 1300c. Cables with multiple wire pairs can also be bundled. Figure 14 illustrates bundled cable 1400. When laid flat, the cable 1400 will have some similarity to the cable 200b of Figure 2B. The cable 1400 includes two pairs of conductors, wherein the bundle of cables 1400 will bring the wires of each pair closer together and also bring the pairs closer together, as compared to the spacing of the conductors in the flat configuration of the cable 1400 and the spacing of the pairs of conductors. . In some bundled cable configurations, as illustrated by cable 1500 of Figure 15, bundled cable 1500 can include an additional cover layer 1510, such as an additional insulation jacket and/or additional shield. As illustrated in Figure 15, the additional cover layer 1510 can be wrapped or, in some cases, woven or extruded.

16A-16C illustrate an exemplary method of making a shielded electrical cable that can be substantially identical to the cable shown in FIG.

In the step illustrated in Figure 16A, the insulated wire 6 is formed using any suitable method, such as extrusion, or otherwise provided. The insulated wire 6 can be formed to any suitable length. The insulated wire 6 can then be provided as such or cut to the desired length. The ground/drain wire 12 can be formed and provided in a similar manner (see Figure 16C).

In the step illustrated in Figure 16B, one or more shielding films 8 are formed. The single or multi-layer fabric can be formed using any suitable method, such as continuous wide fabric treatment. Each shielding film 8 can be formed to any suitable length. The shielding film 8 can then be provided as such or cut to a desired length and/or width. The shielding film 8 may be previously formed to have a lateral partial fold to increase flexibility in the longitudinal direction. One or both of the shielding films 8 may include a conformable adhesive layer 10, wherein the conformable adhesive layer 10 may be formed on the shielding film 8 using any suitable method such as lamination or sputtering.

In the step illustrated in FIG. 16C, a plurality of insulated wires 6, ground wires 12, and a shielding film 8 are provided. A forming tool 24 is provided. The forming tool 24 includes a pair of forming rolls 26a, 26b having a shape corresponding to the desired cross-sectional shape of the shielded cable 2, the forming tool also including a bite 28. The insulated wire 6, the ground wire 12 and the shielding film 8 are arranged according to the configuration of the cable 2 to be shielded, such as any of the cables shown and/or described herein, and positioned adjacent to the forming rolls 26a, 26b After that, the insulated wire 6, the grounding wire 12, and the shielding film 8 are simultaneously fed into the nip 28 of the forming rolls 26a, 26b and disposed between the forming rolls 26a, 26b. Forming rolls 26a, 26b include ridges 27. The ridges 27 compress the plurality of layers of the cable to form a clamping region 9 and a recess 28 between the ridges. The molding tool 24 forms a shielding film 8 around the wire group 4 and the grounding wire 12, and the shielding films 8 are bonded to each other on both sides of each of the wire groups 4 and the grounding wires 12. Heat can be applied to promote bonding. Although in this embodiment, the step of forming the shielding film 8 around the wire group 4 and the grounding wire 12 and the step of bonding the shielding film 8 to each other on both sides of each of the wire group 4 and the grounding wire 12 occur in a single operation However, in other embodiments, such steps may occur in separate operations.

During the manufacture of the wire, a suitable adhesive layer may be placed on the shielding film as appropriate. A shielding film is formed around the insulated wires and/or the ground/drain wires and the shielding films are bonded to each other. Initially, the adhesive layer placed on the shielding film still has its original thickness. As the formation and bonding of the shielding film continues, the conformable bonding layer is adapted to achieve the desired mechanical and electrical performance characteristics of the shielded cable.

Note that in FIGS. 16A to 16C, the pitch w _cc between the respective wires is shown to be uniform along the length of the cable. As previously discussed in connection with Figure 11B, in some cases, the _wcc spacing varies along the length of the cable. A method of making a cable having a longitudinally varying w _cc spacing can include the use of forming rolls having grooves whose pitch varies in the circumferential direction around the forming rolls. To form the cable, the wires can be placed between the shielding films in a non-parallel configuration to achieve the desired difference in w _cc spacing between the opposite ends of the finished cable. As the cable subassembly passes between the forming rolls, the ridge between the grooves of varying width presses the shielding film around the wires in the non-parallel configuration.

Alternatively, two plates can be used to make cables having a constant or longitudinally varying w _cc spacing, the plates having grooves and ridges configured according to the desired configuration of the cable. For example, the pitch of the grooves may be constant, to produce a cable having a constant along the length of w _cc. To create a cable with a longitudinal variation of w _cc , the grooves will vary across the plates. After the wire and the shielding film are disposed between the plates, the plates are pressed together and heated to conform the shape of the wire to the wire.

Instance

Manufacture and test eight one-meter cables. 17A and 17B show cross-sectional views and spacing of test cables. As indicated in Figure 17A, each of the tested cables includes four coaxial pairs of conductors, with a grounding wire disposed between each of the pair of cables, similar to that shown in Figures 2A and 2B. Description of the cable. Figure 17B shows the dimensions of the wire pairs. The test cable has a nominal w _cc of 0.783 吋, D = 0.037 吋, and d = 0.0015 吋, and has a solid silver plated 28 AWG core wire (by polyolefin insulation) and an insulated ground/drain wire. The characteristic impedance of the wire is about 91 ohms.

Each of the eight test cables was tested as a coaxial pair of wires for differential signaling pair operation and tested twice for eight test cables. Figure 18 is a block diagram of a test setup for a cable test. Both ends of the cable 1810 are soldered to the custom PC board 1820. The connector on the PC board 1820 was probed with a Cascade Microtech ACP40-GSSG-250 microprobe 1430. The S parameters of the cables were tested during the first test sequence. During this test sequence, the circuit analyzer 1840 used was an Agilent 43.5 GHz 4" PNA-X (model N5244A-400) network analyzer. The probe and PCB were not removed from the measurements.

Figure 19 is a graph showing the insertion loss (SDD12) of the eight coaxial pairs tested. Each of the eight coaxial conductor pairs has an SSD12 value of less than -5 dB at a 6 GHz transmission frequency. Figure 20 shows the differential mode to common mode conversion of a test coaxial pair, as measured by SDC21. At about 6 GHz, all eight pairs tested reached SDC21 values less than about -15 dB; seven of the eight pairs tested reached SDC21 values less than -20 dB; and three of the eight channels A SCD21 value of less than -25 dB is reached.

Time domain transmission measurements (TDT) are used to measure the time domain deviation characteristics of the cable. The measurement was performed using the test setup illustrated in Figure 18 by replacing the circuit analyzer 1740 with a Tektronix 50 GHz Scope Tek 02 (model CSA8000). The rise time of the pulse used was 35 picoseconds and the deviation was measured at 20% of the rise. As shown in Figure 21, all eight pairs of coaxial conductors tested achieved a deviation of less than 10 picoseconds, and seven of the eight coaxial conductor pairs tested achieved a deviation of less than 5 picoseconds.

A cable comprising a pair of twinaxial conductors disposed between the shielding films has been constructed such that a pair of signal wires are included together in a single pocket of the shield. In the case of such a twinaxial cable, or in the case of a cable having a relatively conventional package construction and also having two wires inside a single wrap of the shielding material, the optimum spacing of the cable to which it is terminated is The single conductor spacing in the cable is the same. Since it is not necessary to strip the wires to match the termination spacing, the wires can be manipulated, so the above situation provides ease of termination; and also because the wires are maintained at the same pitch, thereby minimizing the separation or making the wires more The above-mentioned situation provides the best signal integrity due to the impedance changes that occur closely together. However, if the termination spacing is greater than the power of the two-axis alignment The distance between the wires, the length of the wire without the shield (which provides impedance control) is longer. Since the impedance is different in this span from the cable or in the card, it represents a difference in impedance, which can degrade signal integrity. The greater the impedance difference and the longer the span of this impedance difference, the greater the degradation in signal integrity. In addition, in such situations, termination is more difficult because the wires need to be manipulated after peeling.

One solution to the problem of impedance discontinuity is to use two conventional coaxial wires to make a pseudo-coaxial configuration, but this requires separate disposal of the coaxial wires, since the separate wires are not simultaneously stripped and are not in a controlled position, so The situation does not provide easy termination and it is difficult to control the length, which may result in internal deviations, which are also signal integrity issues. Also, conventional coaxial cables can be quite expensive due to the shielding of each coaxial conductor in a separate program. The coaxial wire-to-cables discussed in the various embodiments presented above provide a predetermined spacing of the two coaxial signal wires that are wider than a single insulated wire and that can be aligned with the termination connector pitch. In addition, in various implementations, the shielding film of the plurality of coaxial wires can be removed in one step, and the shielding film and the wire insulating material of the plurality of wires can be simultaneously removed, and the lengths of the two wires are substantially the same (this limits the deviation) There is no attenuation resonance, and/or cable production is cost effective and can be assembled into a cable assembly.

Some embodiments include a wire comprising insulated wires spaced apart from each other, and two shields surrounding each wire. There may also be separate ground/shield wires that form direct DC contact with the shielding film or form AC contacts with the shielding film via capacitive coupling. It is worth noting that some of the embodiments discussed herein (eg, cables 200a, 200b, 400a, 400b, In 500a, 500b, 800a, 800b), each coaxial cable core does not have a close proximity wire or return path to be connected to the termination point at the end of the cable. When differentially driving one of the pairs of coaxial wires, each of the cable wires acts as a return path for the other cable core, and thus does not require a separate close proximity ground or return wire. Reducing the need for separate ground/drain lines saves money by reducing the number of wires in the construction.

Embodiments described herein provide reduced impedance mismatch, greater termination ease, and/or reduced bias compared to other dual axis configurations or separately shielded dual coaxial configurations. In a separately shielded coaxial cable (even if provided in the same strip to make it easier to maintain the length), there is a common shield around the two signal conductors, and this will conduct any stray common mode around the two signal conductors. The noise is eliminated in the differential signaling scheme. In two separately shielded coaxial cables, the coaxial shields are not bundled together and do not carry the same noise, and thus common mode noise can interfere with differential signal integrity.

Some embodiments discussed herein (eg, cables 600a, 600b, 700a, 700b, 900, 1000) use close proximity ground/drain lines. These ground/drain wires can be terminated at the termination location and can form direct DC electrical contact with the shield (or multiple shields) or can form an AC with the shield (or multiple shields) ( Capacitive) contact. This configuration differs from two separately shielded coaxial conductors in that the cable discussed herein can be terminated in a single step while also providing alignment with the mating connectors at the termination points.

Various cable configurations, systems, and methods that can be applied to the cable configurations, systems, and methods described herein are discussed in co-owned U.S. Patent Application Serial No. S/N 61/378, filed on Aug. 31, 2010. Agent case number 66887US002], which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.

Item 1 is a shielded cable comprising: one or more pairs of conductors extending along a length of the cable and spaced apart from one another along a width of the cable, each of the pairs comprising a first conductor and a second conductor, Each of the first and second wires includes a core wire surrounded by the wire insulation material; and first and second shielding films disposed on opposite sides of the cable, the first and second shielding films including the cover portion And the clamping portion, the covering portions and the clamping portions are configured such that, in the cross-section, the covering portions of the first and second films are combined to substantially surround each of the first and second wires And the clamping portions of the first and second films are combined to form at least one clamping portion of the cable between the first and second wires, and the center between the first and second insulated wires when the cable is laid flat The center spacing is greater than about 1.2D, the maximum spacing between the portions of the first and second shielding films is D, and the minimum spacing between the clamping portions of the first and second shielding films is d, d/D is less than about 0.5. Where the first and second conductors are of equal length, The difference between the propagation delay of a wire and the propagation delay of the second wire is less than about 20 picoseconds per meter.

Item 2 is the shielded cable of item 1, and further includes a ground/drain line between each pair of wires.

Item 3 is the shielded cable of item 2, wherein the center-to-center spacing between the ground/drain line and the nearest wire is greater than about 0.5D.

Item 4 is the shielded cable of item 2, where the surface outside the ground/drain line touches the outer surface of the nearest wire, or the surface of the ground/drain wire is closest to the surface The distance between the wires is approximately equal to the distance between the shielding film and the nearest wire.

Item 5 is the shielded cable of item 1, wherein the pair of conductors have a differential mode to common mode conversion of less than about -20 dB at a communication frequency of about 6 GHz.

Item 6 is the shielded cable of item 1, wherein the center-to-center spacing between the first and second conductors varies along the width of the cable.

Item 7 is the shielded cable of item 1, wherein the center-to-center spacing between the first and second conductors varies along the length of the cable.

Item 8 is an electrical system comprising: a shielded cable comprising: one or more pairs of conductors extending along a length of the cable and spaced apart from one another along a width of the cable, each of the pairs The first wire and the second wire are included, each of the first and second wires comprises a core wire surrounded by the wire insulation material; and first and second shielding films disposed on opposite sides of the cable, the first And the second shielding film includes a covering portion and the clamping portion, the covering portions and the clamping portions being configured such that, in the cross section, the covering portions of the first and second films are combined to substantially surround the first And each of the second wires, and the clamping portions of the first and second films are combined to form at least one clamping portion of the cable between the first and second wires, and the first and second shielding films are covered The maximum spacing between the portions is D, the minimum spacing between the clamping portions of the first and second shielding films is d, d/D is less than about 0.5; the first signal propagating along the first wire; a second signal propagated by the two wires, wherein the first and second No. complementary signals.

Item 9 is the electrical system of item 8, wherein when the first and second wires are of equal length, the difference between the propagation delay of the first wire and the propagation delay of the second wire is less than about 20 picoseconds per meter.

Item 10 is the electrical system of item 8, further comprising a differential circuit component configured to subtract the first signal from the second signal after the signal exits the first and second wires.

Item 11 is the electrical system of item 8, wherein the cable further comprises a ground/drain line between each pair of wires, wherein the ground/drain wire is electrically coupled to one or both of the shielding films .

Item 12 is the electrical system of item 10, wherein the center-to-center spacing between the ground/drain line and the nearest wire of the nearest wire pair is greater than about 0.5D.

Item 13 is the electrical system of item 8, wherein the center-to-center spacing between the first and second conductors is at least about 2D.

Item 14 is the electrical system of item 8, further comprising a connector having a connector, wherein the first and second wires are attached to the connectors, and the center-to-center spacing between the connectors is first and second The center-to-center spacing between the two wires is substantially the same.

Item 15 is the electrical system of item 8, wherein the cable is configured in a bundle configuration such that the center-to-center spacing between the first and second insulated conductors in the bundle configuration is less than when the cable is laid flat Center-to-center spacing from the second insulated wire.

Item 16 is a method comprising: propagating a first signal along a first wire of a shielded cable; Transmitting a second signal complementary to the first signal along the second wire of the shielded cable; and subtracting the first signal from the second signal after the first and second signals exit the first and second wires, wherein the shielded cable comprises: One or more pairs of wires extending along the length of the cable and spaced apart from each other along the width of the cable, each of the pairs including a first wire and a second wire, each of the first and second wires One includes a core wire surrounded by a wire insulation material; and first and second shielding films disposed on opposite sides of the cable, the first and second shielding films including a cover portion and a clamping portion, the cover portions And the clamping portions are configured such that, in the cross-section, the covering portions of the first and second films are combined to substantially surround each of the first and second wires, and the first and second films are The clamping portions are combined to form at least one clamping portion of the cable between the first and second wires, and the maximum interval between the covering portions of the first and second shielding films is D, and the first and second shielding films are sandwiched The minimum interval between tight parts is d, d/D To about 0.5.

Item 17 is the method of item 16, wherein propagating the first and second signals comprises: propagating when the first and second wires are of equal length, having a propagation delay between the first wire and a propagation delay of the second wire having less than about 20 The first and second signals of the difference in picoseconds/meter.

Item 18 is the method of item 16, wherein the propagating the first and second signals comprises: propagating the first and second signals having a differential mode to common mode conversion of less than about -20 dB at a communication frequency of about 6 GHz.

Item 19 is the method of item 16, wherein the cable includes a separation from the wire Ground/drain wire of at least 0.5D.

Item 20 is the method of item 16, further comprising: peeling the shielding film from the first and second wires in a single step; and attaching the core wires of the first and second wires to the connector, wherein the first and second wires The center-to-center spacing is substantially the same as the center-to-center spacing of the connectors of the connector.

Item 21 is the method of item 16, the method further comprising simultaneously removing the shielding film and the wire insulation from the first and second wires.

The embodiments discussed in the present invention have been illustrated and described herein for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiments, but those skilled in the art will understand that, in the <RTIgt; A wide variety of alternatives and/or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the particular embodiments shown and described. Those skilled in the art of mechanical, electromechanical, and electronic arts will readily appreciate that the disclosed embodiments can be implemented in a wide variety of variations. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the preferred embodiments discussed herein.

2‧‧‧ cable

4‧‧‧ wire pairs

6‧‧‧Wire

6a‧‧‧Flexible wire

6b‧‧‧Insulation materials

7‧‧‧ Coverage

8‧‧‧Shielding film

9‧‧‧Clamping section

10‧‧‧Adhesive layer

12‧‧‧ Grounding/Draining Line

14‧‧‧ Coverage area

18‧‧‧Clamping area

24‧‧‧Molding tools

26a‧‧‧Forming roller

26b‧‧‧Forming roller

27‧‧‧ ridge

28‧‧‧ roll gap

200a‧‧‧ cable

200b‧‧‧ cable

204‧‧‧Wire pair

206‧‧‧Wire

206a‧‧‧Flexible wire

206b‧‧‧Insulation material

208‧‧‧Shielding film

212‧‧‧Ground/drain wire

221‧‧‧ Coverage area

222‧‧‧ Coverage

223‧‧‧ Coverage area

224‧‧‧ Coverage

225‧‧‧Clamping area

226‧‧‧Clamping section

227‧‧‧Clamping area

228‧‧‧Clamping section

250‧‧‧ gap

301‧‧‧ Cable Termination Configuration

302‧‧‧ Cable Termination Configuration

303‧‧‧ Cable termination configuration

306‧‧‧Wire

308‧‧‧Shield

310‧‧‧Terminal connectors

316‧‧‧ wire

318‧‧‧Shielding film

391‧‧‧Dual-axis cable

400b‧‧‧ cable

404‧‧‧ coaxial pair

406‧‧‧ wire

408‧‧‧Shielding film

412‧‧‧ Grounding/Draining Line

421‧‧‧ Coverage area

422‧‧‧ Coverage

423‧‧‧ Coverage area

424‧‧‧ Coverage

425‧‧‧Clamping area

426‧‧‧Clamping section

427‧‧‧Clamping area

428‧‧‧Clamping section

500a‧‧‧ cable

500b‧‧‧ cable

504‧‧‧Wire pair

506‧‧‧ wire

508‧‧‧Shielding film

512‧‧‧ Grounding/Drainage Line

521‧‧‧ Coverage area

522‧‧‧ Coverage

527‧‧‧Clamping area

528‧‧‧Clamping section

600a‧‧‧ cable

600b‧‧‧ cable

604‧‧‧ coaxial pair

606‧‧‧Wire

608‧‧‧Shielding film

612‧‧‧ Grounding/Drainage Line

631‧‧‧ Coverage area

632‧‧‧ Coverage

633‧‧‧Clamping area

634‧‧‧Clamping section

639‧‧‧Clamping area

640‧‧‧Clamping section

700a‧‧‧ cable

700b‧‧‧ cable

706‧‧‧ wire

708‧‧‧Shielding film

712‧‧‧ Grounding/Drainage Line

733‧‧‧ Coverage area

734‧‧‧ Coverage

739‧‧‧Clamping area

740‧‧‧Clamping section

800a‧‧‧ cable

800b‧‧‧ cable

804‧‧‧ coaxial pair

806‧‧‧Wire

808‧‧‧Shielding film

812‧‧‧ Grounding/Drainage Line

841‧‧‧ Coverage area

842b‧‧‧ covered part

842t‧‧‧ covered part

845‧‧‧Clamping area

846b‧‧‧ clamping part

846t‧‧‧ clamping part

847‧‧‧Clamping area

848b‧‧‧ clamping part

848t‧‧‧ clamping part

900‧‧‧ cable

904‧‧‧ coaxial pair

906‧‧‧Wire

908‧‧‧Shielding film

912‧‧‧ Grounding/Drainage Line

953‧‧‧ Coverage

954b‧‧‧ covered part

954t‧‧‧ covered part

959‧‧‧Clamping area

1000‧‧‧ cable

1004‧‧‧ coaxial pair

1006‧‧‧Group wire

1008‧‧‧Shielding film

1012‧‧‧ Grounding/Draining Line

1052b‧‧‧ covered part

1052t‧‧‧ covered part

1057‧‧‧Clamping area

1058b‧‧‧Clamping section

1058t‧‧‧ clamping part

1100a‧‧‧ cable

1100b‧‧‧ cable

1104‧‧‧ coaxial pair

1105‧‧‧ coaxial pair

1106‧‧‧Wire

1200‧‧‧Electric system

1221a‧‧‧Wire

1221b‧‧‧Wire

1222‧‧‧Shield

1230‧‧‧First Printed Circuit (PC) Board

1235a‧‧‧Terminal connectors

1235b‧‧‧Terminal connectors

1245a‧‧‧Terminal connectors

1245b‧‧‧Terminal connectors

1250‧‧‧Differential circuit components

1255‧‧‧ Traces

1300a‧‧‧Bundled cable

1300b‧‧‧Bundled cable

1300c‧‧‧Bundled cable

1400‧‧‧Bundled cable

1500‧‧‧Bundled cable

1510‧‧‧Extra cover

1820‧‧‧PC board

1840‧‧‧Circuit Analyzer

1 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a shielded cable; FIGS. 2A and 2B are cross-sectional views of a cable in accordance with some embodiments; and FIG. 3A depicts a cable termination configuration in which the center-to-center spacing of the terminating connectors Substantially matching the center-to-center spacing of the wires of the dual-axis cable of Figure 3B; Figure 3B is a cross-sectional view of the dual-axis cable; Figure 3C depicts the cable termination configuration, wherein the center-to-center spacing of the terminating connectors is greater than Figure 3B The center-to-center spacing of the wires of the twinax cable; 3D depicts a cable termination configuration in which the center-to-center spacing of the terminating connectors substantially matches the center-to-center spacing of the wires of the coaxial pair of wires of the cable according to some embodiments; FIGS. 4-11 depict a discussion according to the discussion herein. Various cable configurations of embodiments; Figure 12 is a block diagram of an electrical system having complementary signals propagating in wires of a pair of wires of a cable according to various embodiments; Figures 13A-13C showing bundled cable sets Figure 14 depicts a bundled cable configuration for a plurality of pairs of cables; Figure 15 depicts a bundled cable with an outer cover; Figures 16A-16C illustrate a method of fabricating a cable in accordance with various embodiments; Figures 17A and 17B are tests Sectional view of the cable; Figure 18 illustrates the setup for testing the test cables; Figure 19 shows the differential insertion loss of the test cable; Figure 20 shows the differential mode to common mode conversion of the test cable; and Figure 21 shows the time domain of the test cable deviation.

200a‧‧‧ cable

204‧‧‧Wire pair

206‧‧‧Wire

206a‧‧‧Flexible wire

206b‧‧‧Insulation material

208‧‧‧Shielding film

212‧‧‧ Grounding / Shielding Line

221‧‧‧ Coverage area

222‧‧‧ Coverage

223‧‧‧ Coverage area

224‧‧‧ Coverage

225‧‧‧Clamping area

226‧‧‧Clamping section

227‧‧‧Clamping area

228‧‧‧Clamping section

250‧‧‧ gap

Claims (10)

A shielded electrical cable comprising: one or more pairs of conductors extending along a length of one of the cables and spaced apart from one another along a width of the cable, each of the pairs comprising a first conductor and a first a second wire, each of the first and second wires comprising a core wire surrounded by a wire insulating material; and first and second shielding films disposed on opposite sides of the cable, the first and the second The second shielding film includes a covering portion and a clamping portion, the covering portions and the clamping portions being configured such that, in a cross section, the covering portions of the first and second films are combined to substantially surround Each of the first and second conductors, and the clamping portions of the first and second films are combined to form at least one clamping of the cable between the first and second conductors a portion, when the cable is laid flat, a center-to-center spacing between the first and second insulated wires is greater than about 1.2D, and a maximum between the first and second shielding films The spacing is D, the clamping portions of the first and second shielding films a minimum interval between d and d/D is less than about 0.5, wherein when the first and second wires are of equal length, a propagation delay of one of the first wires is delayed from a propagation delay of one of the second wires A difference is less than about 20 picoseconds per meter. The shielded cable of claim 1 further comprising a ground/drain line between each pair of wires. The shielded cable of claim 2, wherein the center-to-center spacing between the ground/drain lines and a nearest conductor is greater than about 0.5D. The shielded cable of claim 2, wherein one of the grounding/discharging lines is external The face touches an outer surface of one of the nearest wires, or a distance between one of the outer surfaces of the ground/drain wires and a nearest wire is approximately equal to a distance between the shielding film and the nearest wire. A shielded cable according to claim 1, wherein the pair of conductors has a differential mode to common mode conversion of less than about -20 dB at a communication frequency of about 6 GHz. The shielded cable of claim 1, wherein a center-to-center spacing between the first and second conductors varies along a width of the cable. An electrical system comprising: a shielded cable comprising: one or more pairs of conductors extending along a length of one of the cables and spaced apart from each other along a width of the cable, each of the pairs The first wire and the second wire comprise a wire core surrounded by the wire insulation material; and the first and the first side disposed on opposite sides of the cable a second shielding film, the first and second shielding films comprising a covering portion and a clamping portion, the covering portions and the clamping portions being configured such that, in a cross section, the first and second films are The cover portions are combined to substantially surround each of the first and second wires, and the clamping portions of the first and second films are combined in the first and second wires Forming at least one clamping portion of the cable, a maximum interval between the covering portions of the first and second shielding films is D, and the clamping portions of the first and second shielding films a minimum interval between d, d / D is less than about 0.5; along the first guide Propagating a first signal; and a second signal propagating along the second wire, wherein the first and second signals are complementary signals. The electrical system of claim 7, wherein when the first and second conductors are of equal length, a difference between a propagation delay of the first conductor and a propagation delay of the second conductor is less than about 20 picoseconds /meter. The electrical system of claim 7, wherein the cable is configured in a bundle configuration such that a center-to-center spacing between the first and second insulated conductors in the bundle configuration is less than when the cable is flat A center-to-center spacing between the first and second insulated wires. A method comprising: propagating a first signal along a first conductor of a shielded cable; transmitting a second signal complementary to the first signal along a second conductor of the shielded cable; and in the first Subtracting the first signal from the second signal after the second signal exits the first and second wires, wherein the shielded cable comprises: extending along a length of the cable and dividing each other along a width of the cable One or more pairs of wires separated, each of the pairs including the first wire and the second wire, each of the first and second wires comprising one surrounded by a wire insulating material a core wire; and first and second shielding films disposed on opposite sides of the cable, the first and second shielding films including a covering portion and a clamping portion, the covering portions and the clamping portions being configured So that in the cross-section, the covering portions of the first and second films are combined to substantially surround each of the first and second wires, and the first The clamping portions of the second film are combined to form at least one clamping portion of the cable between the first and second wires, between the covering portions of the first and second shielding films A maximum spacing is D, a minimum spacing between the clamping portions of the first and second shielding films is d, and d/D is less than about 0.5.