201241298 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種用於用於組合式的井孔之鑽扎及保持 處於產生之井孔中且用於預先岩石穩定化（例如，在隧道 施工）的管塞或管狀錨之設定的製程之設備。 【先前技術】 當產生井孔（尤其在岩石之鬆散區域中）且隨後在井孔中 緊固錨具時，自WO 98/21439及WO 98/58132，已知實踐 為在（例如）藉由衝擊鑽或旋轉衝擊鑽機器產生井孔的同時 按以下方式將鑽管引入至井孔内：在完成井孔後，鑽頭之 部分與鑽桿一起可自井孔移除，同時鑽管自身保持處於井 孔中。接著將諸如砂漿或多組分黏著劑之可硬化材料引入 至該鑽管内，使得鑽管與可硬化材料一起可充當井孔中之 錫。 自EP 1 381 7S6 B2，已知實踐為使用一鑽管，該鑽管具 有連續或至少Ai連續縱向槽，且該鑽管經藉由預拉而引 入，使得在鑽孔操作之終止且鑽桿之移除（同時將鑽頭留 在井孔中）後，作為膨脹之結果，該鑽管產生岩石之某一 穩定化。在此情況下，鑽管及鑽頭或鑽桿之尖部按以下方 式相互連接.亦可在鑽孔操作之過程中將鑽管拉人至井孔 内由於縱向槽，因此在井孔之產生期間釋放的鑽屑一開 始未按預定方式在-點處自井孔排出，結果為，盆可 :唯有困難地將其移除。在多數不利情況下1變得在夹 套之區域中堵塞在鑽管周圍，使得稍後不能在此區域中引 161874.doc 201241298 入砂漿或膠結材料。為此，此「膨脹錨」通常不能與履行 °午多功能之連接套管一起使用。此外，在於所有側上皆閉 合之管塞之情況下’若連接套管與管塞之間的槽在衝擊鑽 孔期間短暫留下’則切屑可僅在鑽孔期間散逸。為此，此 系統僅藉由有槽管塞起作用。最後，在鑽孔操作之終止後 鑽頭之故意拆卸困難或不可能，此係因為該鑽頭已變得過 緊地固定於鑽桿錐之對應端上。最後，當產生井孔時，亦 難以敲進鑽管。 本發明之潛在目標因此為使使用藉由保持處於井孔中之 管塞的組合鑽孔及設定製程之操作更有效、更可靠且更經 濟。 【發明内容】 根據本發明’經由以下事實達成此目標：連接套管經建 構為組合式推進、撞擊及彈出接合器，其在井孔端具有一 環形空間’該環形空間連接至管塞之在所有側上皆閉合之 e ^針對其部分具備穿過套管之壁的徑向橫向孔，且連接 套官亦經建構以便在其前端具有—用於管塞之推進及撞擊 面。詳言之’根據本發明，提供一種用於在鑽孔且緊固一 井孔用於預先岩石穩定化搞 贤疋化過程中使用之設備，其中該設備 包含： 鑽桿’其載有—較佳地可拆卸之鑽頭， 管塞’其具有-連續管以收納該鑽桿，及 連接套管，其用於將該鑽桿連接至一鐘鐵； 其中該連接套管為一具有 一壁之組合式推進、撞擊及彈 161874.doc 201241298 =接。器’《接合器在其井孔端在該鑽桿周圍形成一環形 1 4環形空間連接至該管，其中該環形空間具備穿過 該壁之一或多個徑向橫向孔。 首先’此種類之連接套管首先確保當產生井孔時發生之 切屑經按可^預定方式移除且使鑽孔裝置處於其不造成 任何問題或可按預定方式向前進行之_點處。此外，連接 套管或對應的接合器具有_推進及撞擊面，可經由該推進 及撞擊面平滑地且按有益於在鑽孔操作中前進之方式藉由 其使管塞簡至井孔内。最終，連接套㈣本來已知之方 式’、有《適的面，自旋轉錘鑽發出之衝撞經由該等面平滑 地傳輸至鑽桿’使得可確保藉由鑽桿及鑽頭之旋轉進行的 井孔之平滑鑽出。同時，連接套管或接合器裝備有導引 面，其確保亦可被描述為「鑽管」（儘管不存在該或任一 縱向槽）之管塞按軸向平行於鑽桿之方式引入至井孔内。 此係可能的，此係因為管塞經由連接套管獲得其「驅 動」。為了致能此，連接套管可經配置使得能夠合適地將 管塞推遠至該連接套管内或上。 根據本發明之一有利構造，可提供經建構以便具有一用 於管塞之導桿之連接套管。在一實施例中，可將管塞推入 至連接套管内一合適點，在該點處存在肩部或擋板，衝撞 自連接套管經由肩部或擋板傳輸至管塞β然而，本發明邊 一步在於，意圖為提供用於在連接套管上或中之管塞的預 定導引。在任一情形下的管塞之導引（且特定言之，精確 導引）因此係可能的。 161874.doc -6- 201241298 在本發明之一實施例中，連接套管可在外部上具有一圓 柱形或組合式圓柱形/圓錐形導桿，其准許充分自由的軸 向㈣（特定言《，管塞在連接套管上）。連接套管或套管 之一端可因此經建構以便能夠被引入至管塞内或上；根據 實踐性（諸如，待使用根據本發明之設備的方 與管山塞喃合的套管之長度。匹配-方面連接套管== 孔）端與另一方面管塞之收納端的優勢在於，按精確方式 傳輸衝撞，且當產生井孔時按預定方式導引管塞。 μ根據本發明，進—步最佳化係可能的，此係因為連接套 官可在内部上具有圓柱形或組合式圓柱形/圓錐形導桿。 匕構之優勢在於，充分自自的轴向移動係可能的，由 於連接套菅與管塞之嚙合，該圓柱形/圓錐形導桿按可靠 方式工作。 已解釋在連接套管中存在一環形空間，其具有一優勢： 其使在連接套管之區域中的切屑經由橫向孔排出。在使用 ^，可在鑽桿與管塞之間形成一環形導管。根據本發明， 管塞閉合，此係因為其缺乏縱向槽且較佳地缺乏切屑可退 出之任何孔。結果，可將切屑（特定言之，其全部）導引得 遠至連接套管；此再一結果為’管塞與井孔之壁之間的空 間保持很大程度上無切屑，使得稍後可可靠地引入膠結材 料、砂漿或兩組分黏著劑。為了將此所有改良，貫穿鑽孔 操作，本發明提供在連接套管中之環形空間，該環形空間 待經設計以便形成存在於管塞之内壁與鑽桿之外壁之間的 環形導管之延伸部，該環形導管之橫截面及/或大小幾何 I6I874.doc 201241298 類似、相同或大致相同，例如.，在大小上大致相同。藉 此，回流之可能性減小，且更明確而言不可能。回流之問 題在於’其具有切屑變乾之危險，從而變得堵塞在環形導 管内，且接著導致障礙。因此，本發明之優勢中之一者 為’確保了切屑之平滑移除。關於此之又有利的方面為以 下事實：經由鑽桿中之内導管迫使沖洗水或沖洗流體遠至 井孔之最深點，以便接著按預定方式流至環形導管内，且 接著經由後者流出至連接套管内。 根據前述描述，將切屑導引出環形導管且至環形空間 内，且自彼處至橫向孔内。考慮此流動方向，在本發明之 /-實施例中，可提供在套管之壁中的橫向孔，該等橫向孔 待建構為細長n此等細長孔畴著確保水與切屑之進 入混合物能夠「流出」冑接套管，而不造成危害及/或障 礙。 在較大的井孔深度之情況下，根據本發明之再一實施 例，可有利地使管塞之内壁及/或鑽桿之外壁與導引元件 相關聯或具備導引元件，較佳地，在某些或個別點處，其 中在導引元件之間留下足夠大的殘餘橫截面以形成環形導 管。視情況，若需要特別長的井孔長度，則可將此等導引 元件配置於鑽桿或管塞之長度上。否則，€常足夠在井孔 之最深點之方向上在料及/或管塞之端處或附近提供個 別導引s件之環。在此#情況下，根據本發明之教示確保 切屑與水之混合物的回流亦不能在此情況下發生，此係因 為已敍述在任-情況下，必須留下足夠大的殘餘橫截面。 I61874.doc 201241298 根據本發明之另一實施例’可提供呈縱向肋狀物及軸向 縱向凹槽之形式的複數個額外導弓！元件，該等縱向肋狀物 與該等轴向縱向凹槽經配置以便(特定言之)相互隔一段距 離地分佈於導管橫截面上。此可發生於連接套管之區域 中，以便改良在彼點處（或視情況，亦在管塞及/或鑽桿之 井孔端處）的管塞之導引。 若此等額外㈣元件經建構於連接套管中，則本發明額 外地提供縱向凹槽，該等縱向凹槽待建構以便延長超出推 進及撞擊面且在彼點處產生徑向橫向孔。推進及撞擊面因 此位於切科引之區域巾，作為由㈣凹槽阻斷之結果， 促進了該推進及撞擊面之「保持清潔」。在某種意義上， 推進及撞擊面因此受到此等縱向凹槽阻斷，使得可謂，藉 由水與切屑之混合物的流過，其再三地被清潔。 9 有助於連接套管至管塞内之引入，且同時，經由以下事 實確保了切屑之令人滿意的導引：在内部側上的導桿之到 達至環形導管内的外邊緣具有促進切屑之流動的斜面。切 屑之該流動因此不在相當大的邊緣之前部流動’而藉由斜 面在此過渡上平滑地向前傳送。 在各種鑽孔應用中，包括在鑽孔技術中的管塞之偏置 中，成功的方法為將鑽頭安裝在圓柱形或稍微圓錐多邊形 或多邊形表面上。討論中之多邊形可為三角或多角多邊 形。較佳實施例為六角多邊形或三角多邊形。多邊形之面 (不管其是否為多邊形之圓邊緣）可確保扭力自鑽桿至安裝 之鑽頭的必要傳輸。對於此鑽孔操作，鑽頭的未分開之緊 161874.doc 201241298 固在純鑽孔階段期間且在常規情況下係必要的，此係因為 在鑽孔操作期間藉由壓力施加之力保持該鑽頭與岩石及鑽 桿接觸。然而’當找用於井孔之開始點之位置時，鑽頭可 撞擊襯料元件（諸如，格子拱形樑），且在該過程中易於剝 離鑽桿。又，若意外地過早接通沖洗操作，則藉由沖洗介 質之沖洗壓力，安裝之鑽頭可射出鑽桿之多邊形，亦即， 非常迅速地拋出。此外，在具有所謂的「用於鑽孔機之自 動抗干擾系統」之現代隧道鑽探設備之情況下’可出現問 題。當感測器報告鑽之干擾之危險時，此系統與鑽孔之軸 向方向相反地將錘鑽及與其一起的下井儀器串（連接套 管、鑽桿及鑽頭）傳送回。若在鑽孔操作之過程_出現升 高之扭力（非常頻繁地發生之事），則存在此危險。然而， 當向回行進時，藉由沖洗壓力’纟緊固之鑽頭剝離鑽桿或 拋出。當鐵桿再次向前前進時，其通t不再遇到已落下之 錯頭’且針對討論中之井孔’必須終止鑽孔操作、结果為 失敗的井孔、4已丟失之鑽頭及浪f掉的卫作時間。為了 避免此-系列問題，且藉此亦達成當產生組合式鑽孔及設 定井孔時的更有效、可靠且經濟之操作，根據本發明之再 -實施例，提供鑽頭以具有或形成具有一橫向孔的一位於 内部之多角多邊形或内部多邊糾，且鑽桿之前端呈有咬 形成具有—間隙的—對應的位於外部之多角多邊形或一對 應的形成於外部之多邊形形狀，且提供-可經拆下之固定 元件’該固定it件待按-形式料及/或力鎖 於因此形成之空穴令，詳言之， ^ 錯由&向孔。藉由此構造 161874.doc 201241298 所達成的為鑽頭與鑽桿之間的可靠軸向連接，可按預定方 式割斷該連接，使得減少發生描述之問題之可能性·詳言 之以此方式所確保的為，在此種類之鑽孔操作之情況 下’鑽頭可靠地坐落於鑽桿之前部，且保持處於其處直至 按預定方式終止鑽桿與鑽頭之間的此連接。 根據本發明之再一實施例，提供待建構（就其形狀及其 材料之屬性而言）以便具有至少5 N且至多8〇〇 N(較佳地， 自1 0 N至200 N)之固持力的固定元件。視對鑽孔操作之威 脅而定’應遵守下限或上限，此對盛行情況之調適係可 能，而無任何問題，此係由於可拆下或毀壞的前述固定元 件之構造。經由橫向孔塞進固定元件遠至間隙，使得接著 當發生必要的拆下操作時，亦可達成或預設定一平面，該 平面促進固定元件之拆下或允許精確地設定該平面。在任 一情況下，以此方式，可確保不能發生意外的拆下或拆 卸，結果為完整的鑽孔用具始終可用於排程之鑽孔操作。 若間隙具有橫向凹槽之形狀（較佳地，連續或中斷的圓 環形凹槽或孔），同時將橫向孔建構為圓柱形或圓錐形徑 向孔，則可達成鑽頭與鑽桿之間的r連接」之最佳化。作 為此之結果，當安裝鑽頭時，較易於達成預定安全度，橫 向孔與間隙精準地重合並不絕對地必要。以此方式達成較 病早的總成。 固定元件之一有利構造提供待為回彈性設計之夾具（較 佳地，塑膠夾具）的固定元件，該夾具經推進或敲進至鑽 頭中之徑向孔内，或由塑性可變形塑膠或軟金屬（較佳 16I874.doc 201241298 地，呈條或線之形式）組成》此夾具可易於配合及帶入至 緊固位置内，使得藉此總體上亦有助於總成。作為使其成 形為條或線之結果，固定元件亦可非常易於引入且保持於 其在鐵孔操作期間將侵佔之位置中。此等完成後且錯頭之 預定拆卸後，可按以下方式使此塑膠或軟金屬變形或拆下 此塑膠或軟金屬：可可靠地割斷鑽頭與鑽桿之間的臨時連 接。 用於固定元件之另_可能構造為該固^元件經建構以便 由可注入或用力推人之流體或凝膠狀或泡沫狀材料組成的 構造。可令人滿意地將此固定元件引入至孔或間隙内，且 可將此固定元件可能地收緊或固化於彼點處，以便接著當 有必要割斷鑽頭與鑽桿之間的連接時可靠地釋放鑽頭。w 最後，亦可將固定元件建構為彈性、環形元件，其經建 構以便可插入於鑽棹之多角多毐报 干夕用夕遺形的環形凹槽段及鑽頭之 内壁上的環形凹槽段令。當推進 田雅進鑽碩時，此環形固定元件 經推入至凹槽段内且確保兩個零 4± ^ ^ , pn , ^ 鎮# 及鎖頭）保 寺連接㈣自錯孔技術之觀點來看，此^ 程0 若固定元件為由彈性材料(較佳 .^ 田塑勝或橡膠）組成 之環形7L件，該環形元件插 位於其上之内面具有平…形凹财’且 、 百+ i—構k ’則特別有利。以 按以下方式在插入時使環# > 按歷平：可在鑽頭與多角多邊形 2上將㈣4 滿意的力鎖定連^ 4料之間達成非常令人 161874.doc •12· 201241298 、在此情況下，若多角多邊形之邊緣中的環形凹槽經建構 以便總體上收納環形元件且經建構於平的側面上以便完全 =或非全部平’則特別有利。將環形元件置放或形成至邊 緣内(在邊緣處保持環形元件實心)確保亦在插入後按可： 形元件（其實際上「固定」於複數個點處）與其一 起拉入至經排程之位置内， 接“mi θ u便接者產生所要的力鎖定連 :為在平側面之區域尹的環形元件之變形，然而， 情況下’由於環形元件固定於環形凹槽中，因此r 可靠地達成環形元件之挾帶。 b 二此下，特別有利地設計環形凹槽以便朝向側面逐 广、通(自邊緣開始），此係因為接著仍較令人滿意地保護 :::“ ·帶」，尤其當用於該環形元件的擠壓地帶 度」可由環形凹槽之長度或特殊構造精確預設定 此等情況下，此為漸進性的，結果為，無論如何， 多邊形插入於鐵頭容器中後，環形元件精確地位於 可罪地防止鑽頭之不當的拉開之制動位置中。 厂若鑽頭容器之内面稍微變粗縫，則按特別均勾的方式擠 ^裏形凡件或使環形元件變形。由於在任—情況下藉由當 2井孔時之壓力壓縮多角多邊形(亦即，因此，管塞或 鑽干之端因此環形元件始終達成力鎖定連接之最適 2置’作為此結果’在任一情況下，當回拉鑽桿而非另 一方面鑽頭與鑽桿之間的連搵 之拉開或推開。1的連接之不當的割斷時，達成鑽頭 實施例之另—形式提供連接套管以在與管塞相關聯之端 161874.doc •13· 201241298 處具有一被阻斷許多+ 4 多-人之推進及撞擊面，且藉此以具有— 由橫向孔阻斷之外給絲 r輪緣。以此方式，管塞可在此點獲得必 要的撞擊力，而不必引 β 乂 5丨入侍過度遠地至連接套管内或至組 合式㈣'撞擊及彈出接合器内。對應的推進及撞擊面實 際f直接建構於連接套管之外輪緣上或端處，且在此點握 緊管塞，且傳遞自鑽孔機器發出之衝撞。可經由阻斷或橫 向孔無任何困難地移除切屑。 /甚至藉由連接套管之此構造或其端部，一定量的導引亦 係可月b的’此係因為在外輪緣處自推進及撞擊面開始建構 用於管塞之Φ導引且居中面，該面受到橫向孔阻斷，按 刀佈於連接套管之周邊上的方式提供兩個至四個橫向孔， 因此亦在此點產生四個推進及撞擊面。此具有以下優勢： 甚至在此構造之情況下’可在連接套管之適當端處可靠地 排出切屑，可自該點可靠且不傷害操作地將切屑移除。在 此等清况下，對應的導引且居中面在任一情況下為操作性 且不能阻礙流出物，此係因為橫向孔在此點阻斷具有對應 的導引且居中面之外輪緣。然而，即使在管塞之減少的導 引功能之情況下，此仍足夠用於合適的操作。甚至在此等 1Γ施例中，與^供了多少橫向孔無關，仍存在足夠的推進 及撞擊面。 在較早先描述之實施例中及在具有受限制之導引功能的 實施例之形式下，若按分佈於連接套管之周邊上的方式提 供四個橫向孔且因此亦提供呈最後描述之實施例之形式的 四個推進及撞擊面’則皆有利。如稍後在圖式中展示，橫 161874.doc .14- 201241298 向孔及其餘推進及撞擊面皆可具有相同尺寸β 本發明（詳言之）因以下事實而卓越：針對組合式鑽孔及 保持處於產生之井孔中的管塞之設定之過程，關於連接套 管及鑽桿與鑽頭之間的連接，提供一解決方案，其確保組 裝過程總體上非常有效、非常可靠且亦（作為避免停工時 間之結果）非常經濟。作為經建構為組合式推進、撞擊及 彈出接合器之結果’賦予連接套管一方面在鑽孔過程中且 此外又在必要的組裝操作中帶來相當大的優勢之成形。可 按預定方式移除鑽桿内之切屑’使得其不傷害鑽孔操作或 鑽孔技工。後者亦經由以下事實而在其工作中受到保護： 鑽頭保持處於鑽桿處，確切言之，處於鑽桿上（只要意欲 如此）。僅在鑽孔操作之終止後按預定方式割斷鑽頭與鑽 桿之間的連接，使得可在無鑽頭之情況下自管塞抽出該鑽 才干。接著藉由膠結材料或兩組分黏著劑之引入將該管塞額 外地固定於井孔中（若由於地質操作，此需要且必要）。 【實施方式】 本發明之另外細節及優勢自附屬圖式之以下描述顯露出 來，在圖式中表示了較佳的舉例說明之實施例，連同對於 該目的必要的細節及個別零件。 在圖1中展示之鑽孔設備丨中，將產生或已經產生之井孔 2僅概括地指示。可在井孔之最深點之區域中看到鑽頭3， 其安裝於鑽桿5上，且經由軸向固定系統55緊固。鑽桿5由 菅狀管塞4包圍，在此情況下，後者為按覆蓋鑽桿$之方式 直導引至連接套管6内的閉合管。管塞4額外地具備參考 161874.doc 15 201241298 數字7,以便使在此情況下其為閉合管明顯，在 下’鐵桿5之外壁23與管塞4之内壁24之間的環形導管咖 納此處未表示之切屬及水，以便接著將其饋入至連接套管 6之環形空間⑽，連接套管6經建構為組合式推進、撞擊 及彈出接合器1〇。此環形空間u裝備有在套管之壁艸的 橫向孔14、15’使得水與㈣之混合物能夠在此點傳出。 在此端，連接套管6具有-内螺紋12，其經設計以與鑽 桿5上之外螺紋對應。 在連接套管6之相對端處提供至鐘錯之連接9,在此情況 下’亦呈對應的内螺紋之形式。 圖1a展示經由鑽桿5及管塞4之橫截面，其中内部孔33提 供於鑽桿5中用於送進冷卻流體變得明顯。環形導管22建 構於具有其外壁23之鑽桿5與具有其内壁24之管塞斗之間。 概括指示(特定言之’在端區域中)的為導引元件& Μ， 其可配合於内壁24或外壁23上以便在此點相對於鑽桿# 固管塞4之平滑導引。此等導引元件25、26如此配置及建 構使得留下用於環料管22之足夠的殘餘橫截面。 圖2及圖3相對照’關鍵面5〇僅定位於不同位置處，且連 接套管6之端部看起來朝向井孔。在圖2中所展示的為此處 不能看到之管塞4可引入至連接套管6内，為彼目的提供一 引入錐21。包封導桿18由在連接套管6中的孔之合適建構 之内側20形成，同時外側19與包封導桿以毫無關係。又可 見到的為橫向孔丨4、15以及推進及撞擊面17，其功能為確 保將對應的撞擊力自連接套管6傳輸至管塞4。接著亦經由 161874.doc -16 - 201241298 撞擊面16傳遞同一撞擊力，即’自連接套管6至錯桿5。建 構於用於鐘之兩個内螺紋12與49(呈滑人螺紋之形式）之間 的為中心沖洗孔π。後者確保用於撞擊面16之明顯構形。 在腔室側上之揸擊 套管6)由48標明。 面（經由其將撞擊力自錘鑽傳輸至連接 在圖4中的鑽桿5之端上的螺紋由51指 在圖3中，相同的零件具備相同的參考數字，說明之插 入導桿此處具備參考數字18，以便與在圖2中之表示相比， 使其變化明顯。可看出’在此情況下，連接套管6之對應 的端在某種意義上具備舌狀構造，以便准許插人至管塞4 内補充此，圖4展不當產生此連接時其看起來的樣子。 意欲確保精確引入且接著定位於連接套管6與管塞4之間的 支#邊緣由34標明。 在插入導桿18’之方向上延長在套管之壁8中的橫向孔 5即呈縱向肋狀物28及抽向縱向凹槽29之形式。 對應的插入導桿18,之外邊緣具有斜面31、32，以便峰保 或促進水與切屑之混合物的平滑導引。 較早先已參看圖4。後者再現管塞4與連接套管6之間的 連接1言之’螺紋51。又可見到的為橫向孔14中之一 者，後者明顯同時不可見之縱向肋狀物28及軸向縱向凹槽 29位於管塞4内部變得顯然。 其他圖5至10展示鑽頭3與鑽桿5之間的連接。圖5展示在 將鑽頭3推至鑽桿5上前之鑽頭3。“目的，鑽頭3具有一 角多邊形35 ’同時鑽桿5之前端37具有—對應的多角多 16I874.doc 201241298 邊形38❶後者裝備有一間隙39,同時鑽頭3具有一橫向孔 36。在圖7至圖9中額外表示之固定元件4()經推人至此橫向 孔36内。將整個配置標明為軸向固定系統55，其確保鑽頭 3—旦已經推至鑽桿5上則不能意外地再次被推開。僅藉由 適當的力消耗，此係可能的，因此原因，固定元件4〇應具 有10 N至200 N之固持力。 根據圖7 ’將此抽向固^系統55設計為彈性回彈性咬合 元件’在圖8中設計為塑性可變形元件’且在圖9令展示： 由可硬化凝膠、發泡體或類似者製成之現場喷入元件。最 後，圖10展示用於此軸向固定系統55之一實施例，其中位 於内部之徑向孔42提供於鑽頭3中，即，呈環形凹槽段料 之形式，同時環形凹槽段43提供於鑽桿5之前端37中。環 形固定元件40"·位於其兩者中。鑽頭3之内壁具備參考數字 45’環形凹槽段44配置於此點。在鑽桿5之前端37中之水 饋入由53指示，該水饋入53在鑽頭3内繼續。 圖11展示鑽孔設備1，其中使用用於管塞4之簡化導桿18 進行工作。按與在圓】中相同的方式部分表示該管塞4，前 端使此為正被用作管塞4之閉合管7明顯。經由固定元件扣 可拆卸地連接至鑽頭3之錯桿由5標明。橫向孔由14、15表 不’切屬能夠經由橫向孔在連接套管6之前端確切言 之’在前端61處)傳出。管塞4之撞擊輪緣或撞擊端由63標 '。該撞擊輪緣63支標於推進及撞擊面】7及分別表示連接 套管6之外輪緣62的推進及撞擊面的、6〇,、6〇"上。自外輪 緣62開始’按分体於連接套管6之周邊上的方式提供一共 I6l874.doc 201241298 個橫向孔14、14、15，使得切屑亦能夠在預定區域内之 此點傳出，而無必要預先產生管塞4之撞擊輪緣63與連接 套管6之對應的端61之間的空隙。 圖12說明連接套管6之端61之特殊構造及亦對應的橫向 孔14 14、15之構造。此等橫向孔14、…且斷推進 及撞擊面60、60'、60，'及亦Φ道„ 次邳乍導引且居中面18，，。經由該窄 導引且居中面18，，，蕻ώ楂Μ太Μ , 連接套& 6的管塞4之有限（但仍足 夠）的導引係可能的。 圖13展示類似於圖1〇中之表示的實施例之形式，除了在 此情況下鑽頭3按剖面部分（即，在鑽頭容器7!之區域中）再 現外。在下部區域中，可看到環形元件67插入之環形凹槽 65 ’環形元件67無可能經受負載，亦即，無可能受到鑽頭 容器71之内面7〇擠壓。當蔣玄6 · 田將夕角多邊形38推入至多角多邊 形35内時’後者按以下方式固定：其在任一情況下到達其 工作位置’而不在表面或側面68、69上過度地在不適當的 位置處滑動。環形元件67在其變形之形狀上由㈣現，此 為在側面68或69中之一者上的情形。 此由圖Μ說明，圖14展示環形凹槽_在側面68、w 看起來逐漸變細之方式建構，從而導致主要地帶72在中心 區域中之產生’其中在任一情況下’環形元件67之變形可 導致引起必要的力鎖定連接。 .^ 万面，在邊緣66、66， 中’在任一情況下，亦將環形元件繪製至工作位置内，如 已經提到》 鑽頭3或鑽頭容器71之内面 囟0千滑，亦即，在此點上不 I6l874.doc -19. 201241298 實現凹槽，甚至僅逐漸變細的環形凹槽65»鑽頭容器71之 内面70可稍微變粗糙’以便保證環形元件67之精確且永久 配合。在（特定言之’主要擠壓地帶72之）側面68、69之區 域中’當將鑽頭3推至多角多邊形38上時，徑向擠壓彈性〇 形環或環形元件67 ’作為此結果’在〇形環或環形元件” 與鑽頭容器71之内面70之間產生徑向法向力。此與環形元 件67之橡膠與鑽頭3之鋼之間的高摩擦係數一起導致有效 地抵消鑽頭3之不當的拉出之主要摩擦力。 所有提到之特徵（包括可自圖式單獨推斷之特徵）獨立及 組合地被視為本發明之要件。 現將參照下列敍述來界定本發明： 敍述1係有關一種用於用於組合式鑽孔及保持處於產生 之井孔(2)中且用於預先岩石穩定化(例如，在隧道施工)的 管塞⑷或管狀猫之設^的過程之設備’該設備具有一載有 可拆卸鑽頭（3)之料（5)、裝㈣_ (5)之該管塞⑷及一 連接套管（6)，該鑽桿（5)待㈣該連接㈣⑹連接至鐘鐵 之柄，其特徵在於，該連接套管(6)經建構為一組合式推 進、撞擊及彈出接合器⑽，該組合式推進、撞擊及彈出 接合器（1G)在井孔端處具有—環形空間⑴），豸環形空間 ⑴）連接至該管塞（4)之在所有側上閉合的管⑺，且針對其 部分具備穿過該套管之壁⑻的徑向橫向孔(Μ、⑺，且該 連接套管⑷亦經建構以便在其前端具有—用於該管塞⑷ 之推進及撞擊面（17)。 敍述2係有關根據敍述1之設備，其特性在於，該連接套 161874.doc -20· 201241298 管（6)經建構以便具有一用於該管塞（4)之導桿（18)。 敍述3係有關根據敍述2之設備，其特性在於’該連接套 管（6)在外部（19)上具有一圓柱形或組合式圓柱形/圓錐形 導桿（18)’該導桿（18)准許充分自由的軸向移動。 敍述4係有關根據敍述2之設備，其特性在於，該連接套 管（6)在内部（20)上具有一圓柱形或組合式圓柱形/圓錐形 導桿（18·)。 敍述5係有關根據敍述1之設備，其特性在於，在該連接 套管（6)中之該環形空間（11)經設計以便形成存在於該管塞 (4)之内壁（24)與該鑽桿（5)之外壁（23)之間的環形導管（22) 之延伸部’該環形導管（22)之橫截面幾何類似、相同或大 致相同，且大小亦大致相同。 敍述6係有關根據敍述1之設備，其特性在於，在該套管 之•亥J (8)中的該等橫向孔（14、丨5)經建構為細長孔洞。 敍述7係有關根據敍述1至6中任一者之設備，其特性在 於，導引7L件（25、26)與該管塞（4)之該内壁（24)及/或該鑽 才干（5)之該外壁（23)相關聯’較佳地在某些點處且留下用於 。玄環形導官（22)之一足夠大的殘餘橫截面（27)。 敍述8係有關根據敍述7之設備，其特性在於，提供呈縱 向肋狀物（28)及轴向縱向凹槽（29)之形式的複數個導引元 件（25、26)，該等縱向肋狀物與該等轴向縱向凹槽經配置 以便隔一段距離地分佈於該導管橫截面上。 狱通y係有關根據敍述 甘战ω + a 又備，其特性在於，該縱向凹 槽（29)經建構以便延長 長超出该推進及撞擊面（17)且在 161874.doc -21· 201241298 處產生該等徑向橫向扎（14、15)。 敍述10係有關根據敍述丨至9中任一者之設備，其特性在 於’在該内部上的該導桿（18，）之到達至該環形導管（22)内 的該外邊緣（30)具有促進切屑之流動的斜面pi、32)。 敍述11係有關根據敍述1至10中任一者之設備，其特性 在於’具有一位於側部之多角多邊形（35)的該鑽頭（3)具有 橫向孔（36)，具有一對應的位於外部之多角多邊形（38) 的該鑽桿（5)之前端（37)具有一間隙（39)，且可拆下之一固 定元件（40)經按一形式鎖定及/或力鎖定方式配置於因此形 成之空穴中。 敍述12係有關根據敍述11之設備，其特性在於，該固定 元件（40)就其形狀及其材料之屬性而言經建構以便具有至 夕5 N且至多8〇〇 N、較佳地1〇 N至2〇〇 N之一固持力。 敍述13係有關根據敍述丨丨之設備，其特性在於，該間隙 (。9)八有橫向凹槽、較佳地一連續或中斷的圓環形凹槽 或孔之形狀，同時該橫向孔（36)經建構為一圓柱形或圓 錐形徑向孔。 敍述14係有關根據敍述丨丨之設備，其特性在於，該固定 f件（4。）為回彈性設計之—夾具，較佳地，-塑膠夾具， 该夾具經推進或敲進至該錯頭（3)中之一徑向孔⑹内，或 :較佳地呈條或線之形式的塑性可變形塑膠或軟金屬组 成0 -敍述b係有關根據敍㈣之設備，其特性在於，該固定 疋件(40)經建構以便由可注入或用力推入之流體或凝膠狀 I6l874.doc -22- 201241298 或泡沫狀材料組成。 敍述16係有關根據敍述丨至^令任一者之設備，其特性 在於，該固定元件（4〇)經建構為一彈性、環形元件，且經 建構以便可插入於該鑽桿（5)之該多角多邊形（38)的一環形 凹槽段（43)及該鑽頭（3)之内壁（45)上的一環形凹槽段（44) 中。 敍述17係有關根據敍述1至丨6 _任一者之設備，其特性 在於，該固定元件（4〇)為一由較佳地塑膠或橡膠之彈性材 料組成之環形元件（67)，該環形元件（67)插入於該鑽桿 中之一環形凹槽（65)中，且該鑽頭（3)之位於其上的内面 (70)具有平坦構造。 敍述18係有關根據敍述丨7之設備，其特性在於，在該多 角多邊形（38)之邊緣（66)中的該環形凹槽（65)經建構以便總 體上收納該環形元件（67)，且經建構於平的側面（68、69) 上’以便完全平或非全部平。 敍述19係有關根據敍述〗7之設備，其特性在於，該環形 凹槽（65)經設計以便自該等邊緣（66)開始朝向該側面（68、 69)逐漸變細。 敍述20係有關根據敍述1至19中任一者之設備，其特性 在於’鑽頭容器（71)之該内面（7〇)變粗糙。 敍述21係有關根據敍述2之設備’其特性在於，該連接 套f (6)在與該管塞（4)相關聯之端（6丨）處具有一被阻斷許多 次之推進及撞擊面（17、60)，且藉此具有一由該等橫向孔 (14、15)阻斷之外輪緣（62)。 161874.doc •23· 201241298 敍述22係有關根據敍述21之設備，其特性在於，在該外 輪緣（62)處自該等推進及撞擊面（6〇)開始建構用於該管塞 (4)之一窄導引且居中面（18，，），該面受到該等橫向孔（14、 15)阻斷，按分佈於該連接套管（6)之周邊上的一方式提供 兩個至四個橫向孔（14、。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1按透視圖（部分按剖面）展示無鑽孔機器之鑽孔設 備； 圖1 a展示管塞與錯桿重疊的區域之橫截面； 圖2展示具有一位於内部之導桿之連接套管； 圖3展示具有一位於外部之導桿之連接套管； 圖4展示在至鑽桿/管塞之過渡之區域中的根據圖3之連 接套管； 圖5展示在管塞與鑽桿之連接之前部之軸向緊固系統； 圖6展示在已安裝鑽頭後在圖5中展示之連接； 圖7展示軸向緊固系統之第一實施例； 圖8展示軸向緊固系統之第二實施例； 圖9展示軸向緊固系統之第三實施例； 圖10展示該軸向緊固系統之再一實施例； 圖11展示具有切開連接套管及受限制之導引之鑽孔設 備； 圖12展示按放大比例再現的根據圖u之切開連接套管； 圖13展示鑽頭（亦即，實際上，具有引入之鑽桿之多角 多邊形的鑽頭容器）之切開端片；及 161874.doc •24· 201241298 圖14展示具有環形凹槽及環形元件的多角多邊形之簡化 再現。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 鑽孔設備 2 井孔 3 鑽頭 4 管塞 5 鑽桿 6 連接套管 7 閉合管 8 套管之壁 9 連接 10 組合式推進、撞擊及彈出接合器 11 環形空間 12 内螺紋 13 中心沖洗孔 14 橫向孔 14' 橫向孔 15 橫向孔 16 撞擊面 17 推進及撞擊面 18 包封導桿 18' 插入導桿 18" 窄導引且居中面 16l874.doc -25- 201241298 19 外側 20 内側 21 引入錐 22 環形導管 23 鑽桿之外壁 24 管塞之内壁 25 導引元件 26 導引元件 27 殘餘橫截面 28 縱向肋狀物 29 軸向縱向凹槽 30 外邊緣 3 1 斜面 32 斜面 33 内部孔 34 支撐邊緣 35 多角多邊形/内部多邊形孔 36 橫向孑L 37 鑽桿之前端 38 多角多邊形/多邊形形狀 39 間隙 40 固定元件 40丨" 環形固定元件 42 徑向孔 161874.doc -26- 201241298 43 環形凹槽段 44 環形凹槽段 45 鑽頭之内壁 48 撞擊面 49 内螺紋 50 關鍵面 51 螺紋 53 水饋入 55 軸向固定系統 60 推進及撞擊面 60' 推進及撞擊面 60" 推進及撞擊面 61 連接套管之前端 62 外輪緣 63 撞擊輪緣或撞擊端 65 環形凹槽 66 邊緣 66' 邊緣 67 環形元件 67' 環形元件的變形之形狀 68 側面 69 側面 70 鑽頭容器之内面 71 鑽頭容器 72 主要地帶/主要擠壓地帶 161874.doc -27-201241298 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a method for drilling and maintaining a wellbore for use in a combined wellbore and for pre-rock stabilization (for example, in a tunnel) Construction) A device for setting up a pipe plug or a tubular anchor. [Prior Art] When generating a wellbore (especially in a loose area of rock) and subsequently fastening the anchor in the wellbore, it is known from WO 98/21439 and WO 98/58132 to practice, for example, by The impact drill or rotary impact drill machine creates a wellbore while introducing the drill pipe into the wellbore: after completion of the wellbore, the drillbit portion can be removed from the wellbore together with the drill pipe while the drill pipe itself remains In the wellbore. A hardenable material, such as a mortar or multi-component adhesive, is then introduced into the drill pipe such that the drill pipe, together with the hardenable material, acts as a tin in the wellbore. From EP 1 381 7S6 B2, it is known to practice the use of a drill pipe having a continuous or at least Ai continuous longitudinal groove, and the drill pipe is introduced by pretensioning so that the drilling operation is terminated and the drill pipe After removal (while leaving the drill bit in the wellbore), the drill pipe produces some stabilization of the rock as a result of the expansion. In this case, the drill pipe and the tip of the drill bit or drill pipe are connected to each other in the following manner. It is also possible to pull the drill pipe into the wellbore during the drilling operation due to the longitudinal groove, so that the drill cuttings released during the generation of the wellbore are not discharged from the wellbore at the point in the predetermined manner, and the result is , basin can be: only remove it. In most unfavorable situations, 1 becomes clogged around the drill pipe in the area of the jacket so that it cannot be introduced in this area later. Doc 201241298 Into mortar or cemented material. For this reason, this "expansion anchor" is usually not used with the connection sleeve that performs the multi-function. In addition, in the case of a pipe plug that is closed on all sides, if the groove between the connecting sleeve and the pipe plug is temporarily left during the impact drilling, the chips may only escape during the drilling. For this reason, this system only works with a slotted plug. Finally, the deliberate disassembly of the drill bit is difficult or impossible after the end of the drilling operation because the drill bit has become too tightly fixed to the corresponding end of the drill cone. Finally, when a wellbore is created, it is also difficult to knock into the drill pipe. A potential object of the present invention is therefore to make the operation of the combined drilling and setting process by using a plug that is held in the wellbore more efficient, more reliable, and more economical. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, this object is achieved by the fact that the connecting sleeve is constructed as a combined propulsion, impact and ejection adapter having an annular space at the bore end that connects to the plug. The e^, which is closed on all sides, has a radial transverse hole for its portion through the wall of the casing, and the coupling sleeve is also constructed to have a forward and impact surface for the pipe plug at its front end. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for drilling and fastening a well for use in a pre-rock stabilization process, wherein the apparatus comprises: a drill pipe 'which carries- a detachable drill bit, a pipe plug having a continuous pipe for receiving the drill pipe, and a connecting sleeve for connecting the drill pipe to a bell iron; wherein the connecting sleeve has a wall Combined propulsion, impact and bomb 161874. Doc 201241298 = Pick up. The adaptor defines at its bore end an annular space around the drill rod that is connected to the tube, wherein the annular space has one or more radial transverse holes through the wall. First, this type of connecting sleeve first ensures that the chips that occur when the well is created are removed in a predetermined manner and that the drilling device is at a point where it does not cause any problems or can proceed forward in a predetermined manner. In addition, the connecting sleeve or corresponding adapter has a "propulsion&impact surface through which the plug can be simplified into the wellbore smoothly and in a manner beneficial for advancement in the drilling operation. Finally, the connection sleeve (4) is known in the way ', with the appropriate surface, the collision from the rotary hammer drill is smoothly transmitted to the drill pipe through these surfaces', so that the well hole by the rotation of the drill pipe and the drill bit can be ensured Smooth drilling. At the same time, the connecting sleeve or the adapter is equipped with a guiding surface which ensures that the plug which can also be described as a "drill pipe" (although there is no such longitudinal slot) is introduced axially parallel to the drill pipe Inside the well. This is possible because the plug is "driven" by the connecting sleeve. To enable this, the connecting sleeve can be configured to properly push the plug into or into the connecting sleeve. According to an advantageous configuration of the invention, a connecting sleeve constructed to have a guide rod for the plug can be provided. In an embodiment, the pipe plug can be pushed into a suitable point in the connecting sleeve, at which point a shoulder or baffle is present, and the collision is transmitted from the connecting sleeve to the pipe plug via the shoulder or the baffle. One step in the invention is to provide a predetermined guide for the plug on or in the connecting sleeve. The guiding of the plug (and in particular the precise guidance) in either case is therefore possible. 161874. Doc -6- 201241298 In an embodiment of the invention, the connecting sleeve can have a cylindrical or combined cylindrical/conical guide on the outside, which permits a sufficiently free axial direction (four) (specifically, Plugged on the connecting sleeve). One end of the connecting sleeve or sleeve can thus be constructed so as to be able to be introduced into or onto the plug; according to practicality (such as the length of the sleeve to be used in conjunction with the side of the apparatus according to the invention). The advantage of the mating-face connecting sleeve == hole end and the receiving end of the plug is that the impact is transmitted in a precise manner and the plug is guided in a predetermined manner when the well is created. According to the invention, further optimization is possible because the connecting sleeve can have a cylindrical or combined cylindrical/conical guide on the inside. The advantage of the raft is that a sufficiently self-propelled axial movement is possible, due to the engagement of the connecting sleeve with the plug, which acts in a reliable manner. It has been explained that there is an annular space in the connecting sleeve which has the advantage that it causes the chips in the region of the connecting sleeve to be discharged via the transverse holes. With ^, an annular conduit can be formed between the drill pipe and the pipe plug. According to the invention, the plug is closed because it lacks a longitudinal groove and preferably lacks any holes from which the chip can be withdrawn. As a result, the chips (specifically, all of them) can be guided as far as the connecting sleeve; this further result is that the space between the plug and the wall of the well remains largely free of chips, so that later A cementitious material, a mortar or a two-component adhesive can be reliably introduced. In order to improve all of this, through the drilling operation, the present invention provides an annular space in the connecting sleeve that is to be designed to form an extension of the annular conduit present between the inner wall of the plug and the outer wall of the drill pipe , the cross section and / or size geometry of the annular duct I6I874. Doc 201241298 Similar, identical or roughly the same, for example. , roughly the same size. As a result, the likelihood of reflow is reduced and, more specifically, impossible. The problem with reflow is that it has the risk of the chips drying out, becoming clogged in the annular conduit and subsequently causing obstacles. Thus, one of the advantages of the present invention is to ensure a smooth removal of the chips. A further advantageous aspect in this regard is the fact that the flushing water or flushing fluid is forced to the deepest point of the wellbore via the inner conduit in the drill pipe for subsequent flow into the annular conduit in a predetermined manner, and then flows out to the connection via the latter Inside the casing. According to the foregoing description, the chips are guided out of the annular duct and into the annular space and from within to the transverse bore. In view of this flow direction, in the present invention, lateral holes may be provided in the wall of the casing that are to be constructed to be elongated n such elongated holes to ensure that water and chips enter the mixture The "outflow" is connected to the casing without causing hazards and/or obstacles. In the case of a larger borehole depth, according to a further embodiment of the invention, it may be advantageous to associate the inner wall of the plug and/or the outer wall of the drill rod with the guiding element or with a guiding element, preferably At some or individual points, a sufficiently large residual cross-section is left between the guiding elements to form an annular conduit. Depending on the situation, if a particularly long bore length is required, the pilot elements can be placed over the length of the drill pipe or pipe plug. Otherwise, it is often sufficient to provide a separate guide ring at or near the end of the material and/or plug at the deepest point of the wellbore. In this case, it is ensured in accordance with the teachings of the present invention that the reflux of the mixture of chips and water does not occur in this case, since it has been stated that in any case, a sufficiently large residual cross section must be left. I61874. Doc 201241298 Another embodiment of the present invention can provide a plurality of additional guide bows in the form of longitudinal ribs and axial longitudinal grooves! The elements, the longitudinal ribs and the axial longitudinal grooves are configured to, in particular, be spaced apart from one another in a cross-section of the conduit. This can occur in the area of the connecting sleeve to improve the guidance of the plug at the point (or, as the case may be, at the well end of the plug and/or the drill pipe). If such additional (four) elements are constructed in a connecting sleeve, the present invention additionally provides longitudinal grooves to be constructed to extend beyond the push and impact faces and create radial transverse holes at the points. The advancing and impacting surfaces are therefore located in the area of the Checo-guided area. As a result of the (4) groove blocking, the propulsion and impact surfaces are "cleaned". In a sense, the advancing and impacting surfaces are thus blocked by such longitudinal grooves, so that it can be cleaned again and again by the flow of a mixture of water and chips. 9 to facilitate the introduction of the sleeve into the plug, and at the same time ensure a satisfactory guidance of the chip by the fact that the arrival of the guide on the inner side to the outer edge in the annular duct has a promoting chip The slope of the flow. This flow of chips therefore does not flow in front of a relatively large edge' and is smoothly forwarded over this transition by the ramp. Among the various drilling applications, including the biasing of the plug in the drilling technique, the successful method is to mount the drill bit on a cylindrical or slightly conical polygonal or polygonal surface. The polygons in question can be triangular or polygonal. The preferred embodiment is a hexagonal polygon or a triangular polygon. The face of the polygon (whether or not it is the rounded edge of the polygon) ensures the necessary transmission of the torque from the drill pipe to the installed bit. For this drilling operation, the drill bit is not separated tightly 161874. Doc 201241298 is fixed during the pure drilling stage and is necessary under normal conditions because the bit is held in contact with the rock and the drill rod by the force exerted by the pressure during the drilling operation. However, when looking for a position for the starting point of the wellbore, the drill bit can strike the lining element (such as a lattice arched beam) and it is easy to peel off the drill pipe during the process. Further, if the flushing operation is accidentally turned on prematurely, the mounted drill bit can eject the polygon of the drill pipe by the flushing pressure of the flushing medium, i.e., throw it very quickly. Furthermore, problems can arise in the case of a modern tunnel drilling apparatus having a so-called "automatic anti-interference system for a drill machine". When the sensor reports the risk of interference from the drill, the system transmits the hammer drill and its downhole instrument string (connecting sleeve, drill pipe and drill bit) back opposite the axial direction of the borehole. This risk exists if there is an increased torque during the drilling operation (very frequently occurring). However, when traveling back, the drill bit is peeled off or thrown by the bit of the flushing pressure. When the iron is moving forward again, its pass t no longer encounters the wrong head 'and the drill hole in question must stop the drilling operation, the failed well hole, 4 the lost drill bit and the wave f The time of the guard. In order to avoid this-series problem, and thereby achieve a more efficient, reliable, and economical operation when creating combined boreholes and setting a wellbore, in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention, a drill bit is provided with or with a An inner polygonal polygon or inner polygonal correction of the transverse hole, and the front end of the drill pipe is formed with a bite formed with a gap-corresponding external polygonal polygon or a corresponding externally formed polygonal shape, and provided - The detached fixing element 'the fixed piece is to be locked in the form and/or force to the hole order thus formed, in particular, ^ by the & By constructing 161874. Doc 201241298 Achieving a reliable axial connection between the drill bit and the drill pipe, the connection can be cut in a predetermined manner, so as to reduce the possibility of a problem of description. In this way, it is ensured in this way that In the case of a drilling operation, the drill bit is reliably seated in front of the drill pipe and remains there until the connection between the drill pipe and the drill bit is terminated in a predetermined manner. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the structure to be constructed (in terms of its shape and its properties) is provided to have a hold of at least 5 N and at most 8 〇〇N (preferably from 10 N to 200 N) Force fixing element. Depending on the threat of drilling operations, the lower or upper limit should be observed. This adjustment of the prevailing conditions is possible without any problems due to the construction of the aforementioned fixed components that can be removed or destroyed. The fixing element is inserted into the gap via the transverse hole as far as the gap, so that when a necessary removal operation takes place, a plane can also be achieved or pre-set which promotes the removal of the fixing element or allows the plane to be accurately set. In either case, in this way, it can be ensured that accidental removal or disassembly cannot occur, with the result that a complete drilling tool can always be used for scheduled drilling operations. If the gap has the shape of a transverse groove (preferably a continuous or interrupted toroidal groove or hole) and the transverse hole is constructed as a cylindrical or conical radial hole, the drill bit and the drill pipe can be achieved. The optimization of the r connection. As a result of this, it is easier to achieve a predetermined degree of safety when installing the drill bit, and it is not absolutely necessary to accurately merge the lateral hole with the gap. In this way, an earlier diseased assembly is achieved. One of the fixing elements advantageously provides a fixing element for the clamp (preferably a plastic clamp) to be designed for resilience, which is advanced or knocked into the radial bore in the drill bit, or by plastically deformable plastic or soft Metal (preferably 16I874. Doc 201241298 Ground, in the form of strips or wires. Composition: This clamp can be easily fitted and brought into the fastening position, so that it also contributes to the assembly as a whole. As a result of shaping it into a strip or wire, the securing element can also be very easily introduced and held in its position to be encroached during operation of the iron hole. After the completion of this and the intended disassembly, the plastic or soft metal may be deformed or removed by the following means: the temporary connection between the drill bit and the drill pipe can be reliably cut. Another configuration for the securing member may be constructed such that the securing member is constructed of a fluid or gel or foam material that can be infused or forced. This fixing element can be satisfactorily introduced into the hole or gap, and this fixing element can be possibly tightened or solidified at the point in order to then reliably when it is necessary to cut the connection between the drill bit and the drill pipe Release the drill bit. w Finally, the fixing element can also be constructed as an elastic, ring-shaped element that can be inserted into the annular groove section of the drill collar and the annular groove section on the inner wall of the drill bit. make. When advancing Tian Yajin drilling, the annular fixing element is pushed into the groove section and ensures that two zero 4± ^ ^ , pn , ^ town # and lock heads are connected to the temple (four) from the point of view of the wrong hole technology , this process 0 if the fixed component is made of elastic material (preferably. ^ Ring plastic or rubber) is a ring-shaped 7L piece, and the inner surface on which the ring element is inserted has a flat shape and a hundred + i - k' is particularly advantageous. In the following way, the ring # > can be made at the time of insertion: the (4) 4 satisfactory force can be locked between the drill bit and the polygonal polygon 2 to achieve a very 161874. Doc • 12· 201241298 In this case, it is particularly advantageous if the annular groove in the edge of the polygonal polygon is constructed to accommodate the annular element as a whole and is constructed on a flat side so that it is completely = or not all flat. Placing or forming the ring element into the edge (holding the ring element solid at the edge) ensures that after insertion, the shape element (which is actually "fixed" at a plurality of points) is pulled into the scheduled In the position, the "mi θ u-connector produces the desired force-locking connection: the deformation of the ring element in the area of the flat side, however, in the case of 'the ring element is fixed in the annular groove, so r is reliable The entanglement of the ring element is achieved. b. In this case, it is particularly advantageous to design the annular groove so as to be wider toward the side (from the edge), since this is still more satisfactorily protected::: "In particular, when the squeezing degree for the ring member" can be accurately preset by the length or special configuration of the annular groove, this is gradual, and as a result, the polygon is inserted into the iron head container anyway. In the middle and the rear, the ring element is precisely located in the released braking position that sinfully prevents the drill bit from being improperly opened. If the inner surface of the drill bit container is slightly thickened, the inner part is squeezed or the ring element is deformed in a particularly uniform manner. In the case of the case - by compressing the polygonal polygon when the pressure is 2 wells (ie, therefore, the end of the pipe plug or the drilled end, the ring element always achieves the optimum 2 set of force-locked connections as the result) in either case When the pullback rod is pulled back, but not the other hand, the flanks between the drill bit and the drill rod are pulled apart or pushed open. When the connection of the drill is improperly cut, an alternative form of the drill bit embodiment is provided to provide the connection sleeve. At the end associated with the plug 161874. Doc •13· 201241298 has a propulsion and impact surface that is blocked by many + 4 multi-persons, and thereby has a rim that is blocked by a transverse hole. In this way, the plug can obtain the necessary impact force at this point without having to push the 乂 5 into the distal end of the connecting sleeve or into the combined (4) 'impingement and ejection adapter. The corresponding propulsion and impact surface is actually constructed directly on the rim or end of the outer casing and at this point the pipe plug is gripped and transmitted from the drilling machine. The chips can be removed without any difficulty via blocking or transverse holes. / even by the configuration of the connecting sleeve or its end, a certain amount of guidance is also possible for the month b because the self-propelled and impact surface at the outer rim begins to construct the Φ guide for the plug and The centering surface, which is blocked by the transverse holes, provides two to four transverse holes in a manner that the knife is placed over the perimeter of the connecting sleeve, thus also creating four thrust and impact surfaces at this point. This has the advantage that even in the case of this configuration, the chips can be reliably discharged at the appropriate end of the connecting sleeve, from which the chips can be removed reliably and without damaging operation. In such clear conditions, the corresponding guide and centered surface is operative in either case and does not obstruct the effluent because the transverse bore blocks at this point a rim having a corresponding guide and a centered outer rim. However, this is sufficient for proper operation even in the case of a reduced guiding function of the plug. Even in this embodiment, there is sufficient propulsion and impact surface regardless of how many transverse holes are provided. In the embodiment described earlier and in the form of an embodiment having a restricted guiding function, four transverse holes are provided in a manner distributed over the periphery of the connecting sleeve and thus also provided in the last described implementation The four thrust and impact surfaces in the form of an example are all advantageous. As shown later in the drawing, horizontal 161874. Doc . 14- 201241298 The hole and the remaining propulsion and impact surfaces can all have the same size β. The invention (in detail) is distinguished by the fact that the process of setting up the borehole and maintaining the plug in the resulting wellbore Regarding the connection between the casing and the drill pipe and the drill bit, a solution is provided which ensures that the assembly process is generally very efficient, very reliable and also (as a result of avoiding downtime) very economical. As a result of the construction of the combined propulsion, impact and ejection adapters, the connection sleeve is given a considerable advantage in the drilling process and in addition to the considerable assembly operations. The chips in the drill pipe can be removed in a predetermined manner so that they do not harm the drilling operation or the drilling technician. The latter is also protected in its work by the fact that the drill bit remains at the drill pipe, in particular on the drill pipe (as long as it is intended). The connection between the drill bit and the drill pipe is cut in a predetermined manner only after the end of the drilling operation, so that the drill can be withdrawn from the pipe plug without the drill bit. The plug is then additionally secured to the wellbore by the incorporation of a cementitious material or a two-component adhesive (if required and necessary due to geological operations). [0012] Additional details and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings in which <RTIgt; In the drilling apparatus 展示 shown in Figure 1, the wellbore 2 that will be produced or has been produced is only indicated generally. The drill bit 3 can be seen in the region of the deepest point of the wellbore, which is mounted on the drill pipe 5 and fastened via an axial fastening system 55. The drill pipe 5 is surrounded by a braided pipe plug 4, in which case the latter is a closed pipe that is guided straight into the connecting casing 6 in such a manner as to cover the drill pipe $. The plug 4 additionally has a reference 161874. Doc 15 201241298 numeral 7, so that in this case it is obvious that the closed tube is obvious, the annular duct between the outer wall 23 of the lower 'iron rod 5 and the inner wall 24 of the plug 4 is not shown here and water, so that It is then fed into the annular space (10) of the connecting sleeve 6, which is constructed as a combined propulsion, impact and ejection adapter 1〇. This annular space u is equipped with transverse holes 14, 15' in the wall of the casing so that a mixture of water and (d) can be transmitted at this point. At this end, the connecting sleeve 6 has an internal thread 12 which is designed to correspond to the external thread on the drill rod 5. A connection 9 to the clock error is provided at the opposite end of the connecting sleeve 6, in this case also in the form of a corresponding internal thread. Figure 1a shows a cross section through the drill pipe 5 and the plug 4, wherein the internal bore 33 is provided in the drill rod 5 for feeding the cooling fluid to become apparent. The annular duct 22 is constructed between a drill rod 5 having its outer wall 23 and a pipe plug having its inner wall 24. The general indication (specifically in the end region) is the guiding element & Μ which can be fitted to the inner wall 24 or the outer wall 23 so as to be smoothly guided at this point relative to the drill pipe #4. These guiding elements 25, 26 are configured and constructed such that a sufficient residual cross section for the loop tube 22 is left. 2 and 3, the 'key face 5' is positioned only at different positions, and the end of the connecting sleeve 6 appears to face the wellbore. The plug 4 shown in Fig. 2, which is not visible here, can be introduced into the connecting sleeve 6, providing an introduction cone 21 for each purpose. The encapsulating guide 18 is formed by a suitably constructed inner side 20 of the aperture in the connecting sleeve 6, while the outer side 19 is unrelated to the encapsulating guide. Also visible are transverse bores 4, 15 and advancing and impacting surfaces 17, the function of which is to ensure that the corresponding impact force is transmitted from the connecting sleeve 6 to the plug 4. Then also via 161874. Doc -16 - 201241298 The impact surface 16 transmits the same impact force, ie 'self-connecting sleeve 6 to the wrong rod 5. It is constructed as a central flushing hole π between the two internal threads 12 and 49 (in the form of a sliding human thread) for the clock. The latter ensures a clear configuration for the impact surface 16 . The sniper casing 6) on the chamber side is indicated by 48. The face through which the impact force is transmitted from the hammer drill to the end of the drill pipe 5 connected in FIG. 4 is indicated by 51 in FIG. 3, and the same parts have the same reference numerals, indicating that the guide is inserted here. Reference numeral 18 is provided so as to make a significant change compared to the representation in Fig. 2. It can be seen that 'in this case, the corresponding end of the connecting sleeve 6 has a tongue-like configuration in a sense to permit This is complemented by the insertion into the plug 4, which is what it would look like when the connection is made improperly. The edge of the branch that is intended to ensure precise introduction and then be positioned between the connecting sleeve 6 and the plug 4 is indicated by 34. The transverse bore 5 extending in the wall 8 of the sleeve in the direction of insertion of the guide rod 18' is in the form of a longitudinal rib 28 and a longitudinal groove 29. The corresponding insertion guide 18 has a bevel on the outer edge. 31, 32, in order to guarantee or promote the smooth guiding of the mixture of water and chips. Earlier reference has been made to Figure 4. The latter reproduces the connection between the plug 4 and the connecting sleeve 6 in a 'thread 51'. One of the transverse holes 14 which is obviously invisible at the same time as the longitudinal ribs The material 28 and the axial longitudinal grooves 29 become apparent inside the pipe plug 4. Other Figures 5 to 10 show the connection between the drill bit 3 and the drill pipe 5. Figure 5 shows the front of the drill bit 3 before being pushed onto the drill pipe 5. Drill 3. "Objective, the drill bit 3 has a corner polygon 35' while the front end 37 of the drill rod 5 has a corresponding multi-angle 16I874. Doc 201241298 The profile 38 is equipped with a gap 39 while the drill bit 3 has a transverse bore 36. The fixing member 4 () additionally shown in Figs. 7 to 9 is pushed into the lateral hole 36. The entire configuration is designated as an axial fastening system 55 which ensures that the drill bit 3 has been pushed onto the drill pipe 5 and cannot be accidentally pushed away again. This is possible only by proper force consumption, and therefore the fixing element 4 should have a holding force of 10 N to 200 N. According to FIG. 7 ' this pumping system 55 is designed as an elastic resilient snap element 'designed as a plastically deformable element in FIG. 8 ' and shown in FIG. 9 : from a hardenable gel, foam or the like The finished site is sprayed into the component. Finally, Figure 10 shows an embodiment for this axial fixation system 55 in which a radially inner bore 42 is provided in the drill bit 3, i.e. in the form of an annular groove segment, while the annular groove segment 43 provides In the front end 37 of the drill pipe 5. The ring-shaped fixing member 40" is located in both of them. The inner wall of the drill bit 3 is provided with a reference numeral 45' annular groove segment 44 disposed at this point. The water feed in the forward end 37 of the drill pipe 5 is indicated by 53, which continues in the drill bit 3. Figure 11 shows a drilling apparatus 1 in which a simplified guide 18 for a plug 4 is used for operation. The plug 4 is partially indicated in the same manner as in the circle, and the front end makes this apparent as the closed tube 7 being used as the plug 4. The wrong rod that is detachably connected to the drill bit 3 via the fixing element buckle is indicated by 5. The transverse holes are indicated by 14, 15 and can be transmitted via the transverse holes at the front end of the connecting sleeve 6 exactly at the front end 61. The impact rim or impact end of the plug 4 is marked by 63'. The impact rim 63 is marked on the advancing and striking surface 7 and 6 〇, 6 〇 " respectively for the advancing and impacting surfaces of the rim 62 outside the connecting sleeve 6. Starting from the outer rim 62, a total of I6l874 is provided in a manner of being separated from the periphery of the connecting sleeve 6. Doc 201241298 transverse holes 14, 14, 15 so that the chips can also be transmitted at this point in the predetermined area without the need to pre-produce between the impact rim 63 of the plug 4 and the corresponding end 61 of the connecting sleeve 6. The gap. Figure 12 illustrates the particular configuration of the end 61 of the connecting sleeve 6 and the corresponding configuration of the transverse bores 14, 14 and 15. The transverse holes 14, ... and the thrust advancement and impact surfaces 60, 60', 60, 'and the Φ roads „the second guide and the center plane 18, through the narrow guide and the center plane 18,,有限太Μ, a limited (but still sufficient) guiding system for the plug 4 of the connecting sleeve & 6 is shown. Figure 13 shows a form similar to the embodiment shown in Figure 1 , except here In this case, the drill bit 3 is reproduced in the cross-sectional portion (i.e., in the region of the drill bit container 7!). In the lower region, the annular groove 65 into which the ring member 67 is inserted can be seen. The ring member 67 is not likely to withstand the load, that is, It is impossible to be squeezed by the inner surface 7 of the drill bit container 71. When the Jiang Xuan 6 Tian Tian angle polygon 38 is pushed into the polygon polygon 35, the latter is fixed in the following manner: it reaches its working position in either case. Instead of excessively sliding at an inappropriate location on the surface or sides 68, 69. The annular element 67 is in its deformed shape by (iv) present, which is the case on one of the sides 68 or 69. ΜInstructions, Figure 14 shows the annular groove _ on the side 68, w looks tapered The manner of construction, resulting in the creation of the primary zone 72 in the central zone' in which case the deformation of the annular element 67 can result in the necessary force-locked connection. ^ 万面, in the edges 66, 66, 'in either case, the ring element is also drawn into the working position, as already mentioned" The inner surface of the drill bit 3 or the bit container 71 is 千0 thousand slips, that is, here Not on point I6l874. Doc -19. 201241298 A groove, even a tapered outer groove 65»the inner face 70 of the drill bit container 71 can be slightly roughened' to ensure an accurate and permanent fit of the ring member 67. In the region of the side faces 68, 69 (specifically, the main extrusion zone 72) 'when the drill bit 3 is pushed onto the polygonal polygon 38, the elastic 〇 ring or ring member 67' is radially squeezed as the result' A radial normal force is generated between the 〇 ring or ring member ” and the inner face 70 of the drill bit container 71. This together with the high coefficient of friction between the rubber of the ring member 67 and the steel of the drill bit 3 results in an effective counteracting of the drill bit 3 The main frictional force of improper pull-out. All the mentioned features (including features that can be inferred separately from the drawings) are considered as an essential part of the invention independently and in combination. The invention will now be defined with reference to the following description: A device for a process for combined drilling and maintaining a plug (4) or tubular cat in a wellbore (2) for pre-rock stabilization (eg, in tunneling) The device has a material (5) carrying a detachable drill bit (3), a pipe plug (4) of (4)_(5) and a connecting sleeve (6), the drill pipe (5) is to be (4) the connection (4) (6) is connected to a handle of a bell iron, characterized in that the connecting sleeve (6) is constructed as A combined propulsion, impact and pop-up adapter (10) having an annular space (1) at the bore end and a bore (1) connected to the plug (4) a tube (7) that is closed on all sides and has a radial transverse bore (Μ, (7) through its wall (8) for the portion thereof, and the connecting sleeve (4) is also constructed to have at its front end - for Propulsion and impact surface (17) of the pipe plug (4). Description 2 is related to the device according to the description 1, characterized in that the connection sleeve 161874. Doc -20· 201241298 The tube (6) is constructed to have a guide rod (18) for the tube plug (4). Description 3 relates to the apparatus according to the description 2, characterized in that the connecting sleeve (6) has a cylindrical or combined cylindrical/conical guide rod (18) on the outer portion (19) 'the guide rod (18) Allow for full free axial movement. Description 4 is a device according to the description 2, characterized in that the connecting sleeve (6) has a cylindrical or combined cylindrical/conical guide (18·) on the inside (20). Description 5 is a device according to the description 1, characterized in that the annular space (11) in the connecting sleeve (6) is designed to form an inner wall (24) present in the plug (4) and the drill The extension of the annular conduit (22) between the outer walls (23) of the rod (5) is geometrically similar, identical or substantially identical in cross-section and substantially the same size. Description 6 is a device according to the description 1, characterized in that the transverse holes (14, 丨 5) in the casing J (8) are constructed as elongated holes. 7 is a device according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the 7L piece (25, 26) and the inner wall (24) of the pipe plug (4) and/or the drill (5) are guided (5) The outer wall (23) is associated 'preferably at some point and left for. One of the mysterious ring guides (22) is a sufficiently large residual cross section (27). Description 8 is a device according to the description 7, characterized in that a plurality of guiding elements (25, 26) are provided in the form of longitudinal ribs (28) and axial longitudinal grooves (29), the longitudinal ribs The axial longitudinal grooves are configured to be distributed over the conduit cross-section at intervals. According to the description of the prison y system, it is characterized in that the longitudinal groove (29) is constructed so as to extend beyond the advancing and impacting surface (17) and at 161874. These radial transverse ties (14, 15) are produced at doc -21·201241298. A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer edge (30) of the guide rod (18) on the interior that reaches the annular conduit (22) has A slope pi, 32) that promotes the flow of chips. 11 is a device according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the drill bit (3) having a polygonal polygon (35) at the side has a transverse hole (36) having a corresponding outer portion The front end (37) of the drill rod (5) of the polygonal polygon (38) has a gap (39), and the detachable one of the fixing members (40) is configured in a form of locking and/or force locking manner. Formed in the cavity. Description 12 relates to the apparatus according to the description 11, characterized in that the fixing element (40) is constructed in terms of its shape and the properties of its material so as to have a maximum of 5 N and at most 8 〇〇N, preferably 1 〇. One of N to 2〇〇N holding power. Description 13 is a device according to the description, characterized in that the gap (.9) has a lateral groove, preferably a continuous or interrupted annular groove or hole shape, and the transverse hole ( 36) Constructed as a cylindrical or conical radial bore. Description 14 is a device according to the description, characterized in that the fixed f-piece (4.) is a resilience-designed jig, preferably a plastic jig, which is advanced or knocked into the wrong head. (3) in one of the radial holes (6), or: preferably in the form of a strip or a line of plastically deformable plastic or soft metal. 0 - Description b is related to the device according to (4), characterized in that the fixing The element (40) is constructed so that it can be injected or forced into a fluid or gel-like I6l874. Doc -22- 201241298 or composed of foamy materials. Description 16 is a device according to any one of the descriptions, characterized in that the fixing element (4〇) is constructed as an elastic, annular element and is constructed so as to be insertable into the drill rod (5) An annular groove segment (43) of the polygonal polygon (38) and an annular groove segment (44) on the inner wall (45) of the drill bit (3). 17 is a device according to any one of the descriptions 1 to 6 which is characterized in that the fixing member (4〇) is an annular member (67) composed of a preferably plastic or rubber elastic material, the ring The element (67) is inserted into one of the annular grooves (65) of the drill pipe, and the inner face (70) on which the drill bit (3) is located has a flat configuration. Description 18 is an apparatus according to the description of the seventh aspect, characterized in that the annular groove (65) in the edge (66) of the polygonal polygon (38) is constructed to accommodate the annular element (67) as a whole, and Constructed on flat sides (68, 69) 'to make it completely flat or not all flat. Description 19 is a device according to the description of the seventh aspect, characterized in that the annular groove (65) is designed to taper from the edges (66) toward the sides (68, 69). Description of the Invention The apparatus according to any one of the items 1 to 19, characterized in that the inner surface (7 turns) of the drill bit container (71) is roughened. Description 21 relates to the apparatus according to the description 2, characterized in that the connecting sleeve f (6) has a plurality of secondary thrust and impact surfaces blocked at the end (6 丨) associated with the plug (4) (17, 60), and thereby having an outer rim (62) blocked by the transverse holes (14, 15). 161874. Doc • 23· 201241298 Description 22 is a device according to the description 21, characterized in that at the outer rim (62) one of the plugs (4) is constructed from the advancing and impact surfaces (6〇). Narrowly guided and centered (18,,), the face being blocked by the transverse holes (14, 15), providing two to four lateral directions in a manner distributed over the periphery of the connecting sleeve (6) Hole (14, [Simple description of the drawing] Figure 1 shows the drilling equipment without drilling machine in perspective view (partially by section); Figure 1 a shows the cross section of the area where the pipe plug overlaps with the wrong bar; Figure 2 shows Connecting sleeve with an inner guide rod; Fig. 3 shows a connecting sleeve with an outer guiding rod; Fig. 4 shows the connecting sleeve according to Fig. 3 in the region of the transition to the drill pipe/plug Figure 5 shows the axial fastening system in front of the connection of the plug to the drill pipe; Figure 6 shows the connection shown in Figure 5 after the drill has been installed; Figure 7 shows a first embodiment of the axial fastening system Figure 8 shows a second embodiment of the axial fastening system; Figure 9 shows the third embodiment of the axial fastening system FIG. 10 shows still another embodiment of the axial fastening system; FIG. 11 shows a drilling apparatus having a slit connection sleeve and a restricted guide; FIG. 12 shows a cut connection according to FIG. Casing; Figure 13 shows the cut end piece of the drill bit (i.e., actually, the drill bit container with the polygonal polygon of the introduced drill pipe); and 161874. Doc •24· 201241298 Figure 14 shows a simplified representation of a polygonal polygon with annular grooves and ring elements. [Main component symbol description] 1 Drilling equipment 2 Well hole 3 Drill bit 4 Pipe plug 5 Drill pipe 6 Connecting bushing 7 Closing pipe 8 Casing wall 9 Connection 10 Combined propulsion, impact and ejectors 11 In the annular space 12 Thread 13 Center Flush Hole 14 Transverse Hole 14' Transverse Hole 15 Transverse Hole 16 Impact Surface 17 Advancing and Impacting Surface 18 Encapsulating Guide Rod 18' Inserting Guide Rod 18" Narrow Guided and Centered Face 16l874. Doc -25- 201241298 19 Outer side 20 Inner side 21 Inlet cone 22 Annular duct 23 Drill pipe outer wall 24 Pipe inner wall 25 Guide element 26 Guide element 27 Residual cross section 28 Longitudinal rib 29 Axial longitudinal groove 30 Edge 3 1 Bevel 32 Bevel 33 Internal hole 34 Support edge 35 Polygon polygon/Internal polygon hole 36 Transverse 37L 37 Drill pipe front end 38 Polygon polygon/polygon shape 39 Gap 40 Fixing element 40丨" Ring fixing element 42 Radial hole 161874. Doc -26- 201241298 43 Annular groove section 44 Ring groove section 45 Drill bit inner wall 48 Impact surface 49 Internal thread 50 Key face 51 Thread 53 Water feed 55 Axial fixing system 60 Propulsion and impact surface 60' Propulsion and impact surface 60" Advancing and impacting surface 61 Connecting sleeve front end 62 Outer rim 63 Impacting rim or striking end 65 Annular groove 66 Edge 66' Edge 67 Ring element 67' Shape of the deformed ring element 68 Side 69 Side 70 Bit container Inner surface 71 bit container 72 main strip / main extrusion zone 161874. Doc -27-