201241170 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明之課題在於提供一種具有低揮發性且低溫流動 性佳之特長’並且在低溫至高溫之寬廣區域中可長時間顯 現出潤滑性之潤滑油基油以及使用該潤滑油基油之潤滑油 組成物。 【先前技術】 對於潤滑油基油，係要求可長期間安定地發揮性能， 亦即低揮發性、較佳的熱及氧化安定性或低溫始動性（低 溫流動性）、高黏度指數（寬廣範圍）。尤其是具有低黏 度且爲低揮發性之特長者，說其爲終極目標一點也不爲過 〇 伴隨著AV及Ο A機器的高性能化，對於此等的旋轉部 所使用之小型主軸馬達，係強烈要求高速化、省電化，因 此，旋轉支撐部所使用之軸承，係存在有低扭矩化之要求 。此外，近來尤其考量到對可攜式機器之運用，係要求可 應用於各種環境（溫度）之性能。影響軸承的扭矩之因素 ，有軸承間隙、軸徑等，尤其在低溫環境下，潤滑油的黏 度乃成爲一大因素。 潤滑油，一般有黏度愈低愈容易蒸發之傾向。當潤滑 油因蒸發等而減少時，無法得到適當的油膜壓力，使旋轉 精度顯著降低而被視爲對壽命有所影響，因此，潤滑油的 蒸發特性爲影響軸承的耐久性之重要特性。因此，在流體 201241170 動壓軸承、多孔質含油軸承、動壓型多孔質含油軸承等之 滑動軸承的潤滑中，必須選擇低黏度且即使在低溫區亦不 會有極端的黏度上升，蒸發特性相對較佳之潤滑油。較多 情況下，係使用酯系的潤滑油。 酯油中，與其他潤滑油相同，隨著黏度愈低，蒸發特 性亦有劣化之傾向。因此，若爲了降低軸承的扭矩而僅選 擇較目前更低黏度的酯油者，則會損及蒸發特性，使軸承 的耐久性降低。此外，即使常溫下爲低黏度，若在低溫區 黏度急遽上升而失去流動性，則會導致急遽的扭矩上升或 機器的停止運轉。 尤其是近年來隨著硬碟裝載於家電中，在低溫下使用 之情況亦逐漸增多，在此假定下，爲了確保安定驅動，係 強烈要求低溫區中的低黏性。至目前爲止已提出許多滿足 此等性質之潤滑油基油，但雖然在某些領域已達滿足，但 目前在作爲終極目標之低黏度且爲低揮發性之領域中仍未 達滿足。 同時得到低黏度與低揮發性者，其相反面向較強，例 如同一結構下達到低黏度化時，其分子量會降低，當然使 揮發性增大。用以解決此般缺點之手段，係使用低黏度且 蒸發特性相對較佳之酯系的基油。 專利文獻1中，係揭示一種將由碳數6-12的直鏈狀二 價醇與碳數6~1 2的分枝鏈狀飽和一價脂肪酸所得之二酯用 作爲基油之潤滑油組成物。 然而，上述以往技術中，雖可藉由適當地選擇醇與脂 -6- 201241170 肪酸得到具有低黏度特性之潤滑油，但在4 0 °c時的黏度爲 10mm2/s以下之二酯中，伴隨著低分子量化使蒸發量增多 ，且由於分子量均一’使蒸發幾乎同時產生，所以有時耐 久性以一定條件下爲交界而急遽降低。該原因是由於多數 的酯具有左右對稱的化學結構之故。亦即，正因其爲單一 組成物，該臨限點爲明確’故有時仍會產生因蒸發所導致 之馬達的急速停止。此情況可考量爲在上述以往技術所特 別適合之1,8-辛二醇、1,9-壬二醇、1，1〇-癸二醇與2-乙基 己酸、3,3,5_三甲基戊酸之組合中，與分子量相比，由於 分枝碳結構成分的比率大，使黏度指數變小，尤其在低溫 下成爲高黏性，而在一般使用環境下對馬達的驅動性造成 不良影響之故。此外，可考量爲當二酯中的分枝結構的比 率增大時，蒸發性亦變大之故。 專利文獻2中，係揭示一種以由碳數8的一價醇與碳數 6的二價羧酸所合成之酯作爲主成分，並含有1〜5wt%之與 該主成分不同的二酯，其係在40°C時的動黏度爲l〇mm2/s 以上且分子的總碳數爲23 ~28之二酯之潤滑油組成物，以 及使用該潤滑油組成物之流體軸承單元》 專利文獻3中，係揭示一種含有由碳數9以下的2價或3 價羧酸與碳數3〜25的伸烷二醇單烷醚等之1價二醇醚所合 成之二酯體或三酯體作爲主成分之潤滑油基油。 然而，此等文獻所記載之潤滑油或潤滑油基油，可說 是仍無法充分滿足低黏度且爲低揮發性之期望。 201241170 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻1]日本特開2008-69234號公報 [專利文獻2]日本特開2007-39496號公報 [專利文獻3]日本WO2007/116725號公報 【發明內容】 本發明係鑒於上述課題而創作出之發明，目的在於提 供一種具有低揮發性且低溫流動性佳之特長，並且在低溫 至高溫之寬廣區域中可長時間顯現出潤滑性之潤滑油基油 以及使用該潤滑油基油之潤滑油組成物。 本發明係關於一種潤滑油基油，其特徵係含有選自由 下列式（1 ) 、 （ 2 )及（3 )表示之群組之1種以上的二酯 ’由式（1) 、（2)及（3)表示之二酯中，存在作爲分 枝結構之甲基及乙基之碳數的合計爲總碳數的1 1 %以下， 並且（1 ) 、（ 2 )及（3 )的存在比率（莫耳比）係位於 (1) : ( 2 ) ： (3)=45~100:0~45:0〜12之範圍內。 -8 - 201241170201241170 VI. [Technical Field] The object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil which has low volatility and good low-temperature fluidity and which can exhibit lubricity for a long period of time in a wide region from low temperature to high temperature. Base oil and lubricating oil composition using the lubricating base oil. [Prior Art] For lubricating base oils, it is required to perform stably for a long period of time, that is, low volatility, better heat and oxidation stability or low temperature startability (low temperature fluidity), high viscosity index (wide range) ). In particular, those who have low viscosity and low volatility are not the last target. The performance of AV and ΟA machines is high. For these small spindle motors used in these rotating parts, Since the speed and power saving are strongly required, there is a demand for a low torque in the bearing used for the rotation support portion. In addition, recent considerations have been given to the use of portable machines, which are required to be applicable to various environments (temperatures). Factors affecting the torque of the bearing, such as bearing clearance, shaft diameter, etc., especially in low temperature environments, the viscosity of the lubricating oil is a major factor. Lubricating oils generally have a tendency to evaporate as the viscosity is lower. When the lubricating oil is reduced by evaporation or the like, an appropriate oil film pressure cannot be obtained, and the rotation accuracy is remarkably lowered to be considered as an effect on the life. Therefore, the evaporation characteristics of the lubricating oil are important characteristics that affect the durability of the bearing. Therefore, in the lubrication of the sliding bearing of the fluid 201241170 dynamic pressure bearing, porous oil bearing, dynamic pressure type porous oil bearing, etc., it is necessary to select a low viscosity and there is no extreme viscosity increase even in a low temperature region, and the evaporation characteristics are relatively A preferred lubricant. In many cases, an ester-based lubricating oil is used. In the ester oil, as with other lubricating oils, the evaporation characteristics tend to deteriorate as the viscosity is lower. Therefore, if only the ester oil of a lower viscosity is selected in order to reduce the torque of the bearing, the evaporation characteristics are impaired, and the durability of the bearing is lowered. In addition, even if the viscosity is low at normal temperature, if the viscosity in the low temperature region rises sharply and the fluidity is lost, the rapid torque rises or the machine stops. In particular, in recent years, as hard disks are mounted in home appliances, the use at low temperatures has gradually increased. It is assumed that in order to ensure stable driving, low viscosity in a low temperature region is strongly required. Many lubricating base oils satisfying these properties have been proposed so far, but although they have been satisfied in some fields, they are still not satisfied in the field of low viscosity and low volatility as the ultimate goal. At the same time, those with low viscosity and low volatility are obtained, and the opposite direction is strong. For example, when the viscosity is low under the same structure, the molecular weight thereof is lowered, and of course, the volatility is increased. A means for solving such a disadvantage is to use an ester-based base oil having a low viscosity and relatively good evaporation characteristics. Patent Document 1 discloses a lubricating oil composition using a diester having a carbon number of 6 to 12 and a diester having a carbon number of 6 to 12 as a branched chain saturated monovalent fatty acid as a base oil. . However, in the above prior art, a lubricating oil having a low viscosity characteristic can be obtained by appropriately selecting an alcohol and a fat-6-201241170 fatty acid, but the viscosity at 40 ° C is a diester of 10 mm 2 /s or less. With the increase in the molecular weight, the amount of evaporation increases, and since the molecular weight is uniform, the evaporation occurs almost simultaneously. Therefore, the durability may be lowered rapidly under the conditions of the boundary. The reason for this is that most of the esters have a bilaterally symmetrical chemical structure. That is, just because it is a single composition, the threshold is clear, so sometimes the rapid stop of the motor due to evaporation is still generated. This case can be considered as 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,1-nonanediol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3,3,5 which are particularly suitable in the above prior art. _ Trimethylvaleric acid combination, compared with the molecular weight, due to the large ratio of branched carbon structural components, the viscosity index becomes smaller, especially at low temperatures, and the motor is driven under normal use environment. Sexuality causes adverse effects. Further, it is considered that when the ratio of the branched structure in the diester is increased, the evaporability is also increased. Patent Document 2 discloses that an ester synthesized from a monovalent alcohol having 8 carbon atoms and a divalent carboxylic acid having 6 carbon atoms as a main component, and containing 1 to 5 wt% of a diester different from the main component, It is a lubricating oil composition of a diester having a dynamic viscosity of 10 〇mm 2 /s or more and a total carbon number of 23 to 28 at 40 ° C, and a fluid bearing unit using the lubricating oil composition. In the third aspect, a diester or a triester synthesized from a monovalent glycol ether such as a divalent or trivalent carboxylic acid having a carbon number of 9 or less and an alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether having a carbon number of 3 to 25 is disclosed. A lubricating base oil with a body as a main component. However, the lubricating oil or lubricating base oil described in these documents can be said to be insufficiently satisfying the low viscosity and low volatility. [Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2007-39496 (Patent Document 3) Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-39725 (Patent Document 3) In view of the above-mentioned problems, an object of the invention is to provide a lubricating base oil which has a low volatility and good low-temperature fluidity, and which exhibits lubricity for a long period of time in a wide region from a low temperature to a high temperature, and the use of the lubricating oil. The lubricating oil composition of the base oil. The present invention relates to a lubricating base oil characterized by containing one or more kinds of diesters selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (1), (2) and (3) by the formulas (1) and (2). In the diester represented by (3), the total number of carbon atoms of the methyl group and the ethyl group which are branched structures is 11% or less of the total carbon number, and the presence of (1), (2) and (3) The ratio (mole ratio) is in the range of (1) : ( 2 ) : (3) = 45~100: 0~45: 0~12. -8 - 201241170
(式中，C3H7&C4H9爲 11-(：3147及11-(：4119) 上述潤滑油基油，由式（1) 、（2)及（3)表示之 二酯的合計較佳爲基油的70wt%以上。 上述潤滑油基油，較佳係含有30wt%以下之低黏度油 ，該低黏度油在40°C時的動黏度未達9mm2/s、且係黏度指 數爲100以上之具有新戊二醇骨架之多元醇酯，尤佳者， 低黏度油是從辛酸或癸酸、與新戊二醇所得之多元醇酯。 此外，本發明係關於一種潤滑油組成物，其特徵係使 用上述潤滑油基油所得。 【實施方式】 以下係說明本發明之實施形態。 本發明之潤滑油基油，係含有選自由上述式（1)、 (2)及（3)表示之群組之1種以上的二酯，並且（1)、 (2 )及（3 )的存在比率（莫耳比）係位於（1 ) : ( 2 ) -9- 201241170 :(3) =45〜100: 〇〜45: 0〜12之範圍內。由式（1) 2)及（3)表示之二酯中’存在作爲分枝結構之甲基 基之碳數的合計爲總碳數的1 1 %以下。該潤滑油基油 不過度具有分枝鏈，所以黏度指數高，尤其在低溫區 爲低黏性。此外，低蒸發性亦佳。 本發明之潤滑油基油，可藉由使M2-十二烷二 與選自2-甲基戊酸及2-乙基己酸之1種或2種的酸進行 反應而得，2-甲基戊酸爲必要，2-乙基己酸可爲任意 當僅使用2-甲基戊酸作爲酸時，係生成由式（1 示之二酯。僅使用2-乙基己酸時，係生成由式（3) 之二酯。使用2-甲基戊酸及2-乙基己酸作爲酸時，係 含有由式（1) ~(3)表示之二酯之二酯的混合物。 各二酯的比率，係因2-甲基戊酸與2-乙基己酸的使用 而改變。若分別製造由式（1)表示之二酯及由式（3 示之二酯並加以混合，則可得到含有由式（1 )及由5 )表示之二酯之二酯的混合物。 本發明之潤滑油基油中，藉由將由式（1 ) 、（2 (3)表示之二酯的存在比率設爲一定範圍，可提升 油在低溫時的黏性、蒸發性、低溫流動性。以（1 ) ):(3)來表示由式（1) 、 （2)及（3)表示之二 存在比率時，爲45- 1 00 : 0〜45 : 0〜12，較佳爲40〜 1 0〜45 : 1〜1 5之範圍。 然而，本發明之潤滑油基油中，必須將分枝之碳 比率（以下稱爲分枝碳數率）設爲一定比率以下。在 及乙 由於 域中 醇， 酯化 〇 )表 表示 生成 此時 比率 )表 ζ ( 3 )及 潤滑 :(2 酯的 85 ： 數的 此， -10- 201241170 所謂分枝之碳數，在式（1) 、（2)及（3)中，係從顯 示作爲側鏈之甲基及乙基之碳數的合計來計算。所謂側鏈 ，在式（1) 、 （2)及（3)中，是指被取代爲含有連結 兩末端的C3H7或C4H9之線狀的碳鏈之主鏈之烷基。例如， 式（1)可理解爲具有2個側鏈的甲基之總碳數爲24的二酯 ，此時分枝碳數率爲2/24。相對於此，式（3)可理解爲 具有2個側鏈的乙基之總碳數爲28的二酯，此時分枝碳數 率爲4/28。式（2 )可理解爲各具有1個側鏈的甲基與側鏈 的乙基之總碳數爲26的二酯，此時分枝碳數率爲3/28。爲 混合物時之分枝碳數率，係以此等的加權平均値來計算。 因此，從該內容中，可得知由式（3)表示之二酯的存在 量有所限制。 本發明之潤滑油基油中，上述二酯的含量，可爲基油 的50wt%以上，爲70wt%以上時，可充分地提升潤滑油在 低溫時的低黏性、低蒸發性。與其他基油成分混合之方法 ，在合成的方法中，可列舉出將1,12-十二烷二醇以外的 二醇混合並進行酯化之方法，或是將2-甲基戊酸、2-乙基 己酸以外的酸混合並進行酯化之方法。在混合的方法中， 可列舉出與酯、聚α烯烴等之既有的基油混合之方法。 當中，含有在40°C時的動黏度未達9mm2/s、且係黏度 指數爲100以上並具有新戊二醇骨架之多元醇酯之低黏度 油者，可一邊維持潤滑油在低溫時的低黏性、低蒸發性， 且更可賦予低溫流動性，就此點爲有利。該低黏度油成分 ，較佳爲新戊二醇與辛酸或癸酸之酯化物。此外，含有該 -11 - 201241170 低黏度油時，較佳爲基油的3 0 wt %以下。 由式（1) 、（2)及（3)表示之二酯，可依循一般 方法’較佳係在氮氣等之非活性氣體環境下、酯化觸媒的 存在下或無觸媒的存在下，將上述酸成分與醇成分加熱攪 拌等以進行二酯化而調製出。具體方法，可列舉出在高溫 下進行縮合反應，並一邊去除所生成的水一邊進行酯化之 合成方法。該反應中，可爲無觸媒，或是使用硫酸、對甲 苯磺酸、四烷氧鈦酸酯等之觸媒，此外，亦可倂用甲苯、 乙基苯、二甲苯等之脫水溶劑。進行酯化反應時，酸成分 ’例如相對於醇成分1莫耳爲2.0莫耳以上，較佳係使用 2·01〜4.5莫耳。 本發明之潤滑油基油，係成爲液狀潤滑油及滑脂等之 潤滑油組成物的基油。本發明之潤滑油組成物，係使用該 基油’並將用以提升潤滑油組成物的性能之成分調配於基 油者’該成分有一般所知的抗氧化劑、油性劑、抗磨耗劑 、極壓劑、金屬非活性劑、防銹劑、黏度指數提升劑、流 動點降低劑、消泡性等之添加劑或增稠劑。該添加劑可適 當地調配1種以上。此等添加劑，相對於潤滑油基油，較 佳爲0.0 1〜10wt%，更佳爲〇.〇3〜5wt%。 當本發明之潤滑油組成物爲滑脂時，使用於此之增稠 劑並無特別限定，可適當地使用通常被使用在滑脂者。例 如可列舉出金屬皂、複合皂、脲、有機皂土、二氧化矽等 。滑脂中的增稠劑含量，通常較適當者爲3〜3 0wt% »此外 ’滑脂中，可適當地調配1種或2種以上之一般所調配的抗 -12- 201241170 氧化劑、極壓劑、防銹劑、抗金屬腐蝕劑、油性劑、黏度 指數提升劑、流動點降低劑、附著性提升劑等之添加劑。 此等添加劑’ 一般相對於滑脂基油，較佳爲0.01〜10wt%， 更佳爲0.03〜5wt%。 使用本發明之潤滑油基油之潤滑油組成物，以動作油 、齒輪油、主軸油、軸承油等之工業用潤滑劑爲首，可應 用在動壓軸承油、燒結含油軸承油、鉸鏈油、縫紉油、滑 動面油等之各種用途。滑脂可應用在軸承部（滾珠、滾子 、滾針）、滑動部、齒輪部等之各種潤滑部。尤其能夠有 利地應用在流體軸承單元、流體動壓軸承單元、多孔質含 油軸承單元，以及具備此等單元之主軸馬達。 以下係顯示出適合使用本發明之潤滑油組成物的例子 〇 1)流體軸承單元：係設置有藉由中介存在於軸外周 面與軸套內周面的間隙之潤滑油的油膜壓力來支撐旋轉軸 之軸承部，並使用本發明之潤滑油組成物作爲潤滑劑之軸 承單元。2)流體動壓軸承單元：在軸外周面與軸套內周 面的中的任一方設置動壓產生槽，並使用本發明之潤滑油 組成物作爲潤滑劑之軸承單元。3)多孔質含油軸承單元 :具備含浸有本發明之潤滑油組成物之多孔質含油軸承。 4 )多孔質含油軸承：含浸有本發明之潤滑油組成物之軸 承。該多孔質含油軸承較佳可列舉出動壓型多孔質含油軸 承。5)主軸馬達：具備上述軸承單元之主軸馬達。 -13- 201241170 [實施例] 以下係列舉出實施例來詳細說明本發明 不限定於下列實施例。 實施例1 將1，12-十二烷二醇80.93g、2 -甲基戊 於由500cc的四頸燒瓶、加熱裝置、攪拌裝 氮氣通氣管及氮氣管線、迪安-斯塔克裝置 卻管線所構成之反應裝置中，以四（IV ) 氧基）鈦酸酯作爲觸媒，於氮氣環境中，；i 48小時以反應至完全酯化爲止。在lOTorr、 應油中所殘留之羧酸的大部分餾除，然後使 ，將殘留於酯中的酸中和，並藉由吸附處理 未反應物或雜質，而得二酯（dl)。二酯組 從氣相層析法中之面積比來算出莫耳比。白 之二酯爲全體的99.3 wt%。 實施例2 以與實施例1相同的方法，使用1 , 1: 80.93 g、2-甲基戊酸91.97g及2-乙基己酸1: 行酯化，而得二酯（d2 )。二酯（d2 )爲E (2)、式（3)表示之二酯的混合物，式（ (3 )之比（莫耳比）爲（1 ) : ( 2 )： 17.9: 1.0，此等之合計爲全體的99.Owt%。 ，但本發明並 陵185.81g放入 置、溫度計、 、冷卻管及冷 (2-乙基-1-己 E 170°C、攪拌 170°C下將反 觸媒失去活性 來去除酯中的 成的決定，係 3式（1 )表示 •十二烷二醇 .69g並將此進 I式（1 )、式 1 ) 、（ 2 )及 (3 ) =81.1 ： -14- 201241170 實施例3 以與實施例2相同的方法，使用1，1 2 80.93 g、2-甲基戊酸89.3 9g及2-乙基己酸27 (d3 )。二酯（d3 )，爲（1 ) : ( 2 )： 32.6: 4.1，此等之合計爲全體的99.3wt %。 實施例4 以與實施例2相同的方法，使用1，1 2 80.93g、2-甲基戊酸78.06g及2-乙基己酸41 (d4 )。二酯.（d4 )，爲（1 ) : ( 2 )： 36.5: 5.7，此等之合計爲全體的99.3wt %。 實施例5 以與實施例2相同的方法，使用1 , 1 2 80.93 g、2-甲基戊酸75.00g及2-乙基己酸44 (d5 )。二酯（d5 )，爲（1 ) : ( 2 )： 3 9.1 : 7.0，此等之合計爲全體的9 9.3 wt%。 實施例6 以與實施例2相同的方法，使用1，1 2 80.93 g、2-甲基戊酸71.70g及2-乙基己酸50 (d6 )。二酯（d6 )，爲（1 ) : ( 2 )： 4 4.1 : 10.8，此等之合計爲全體的99.3 wt%。 -十二烷二醇 _ 7 5 g而得二酯 (3) =63.2 ： -十二烷二醇 54g而得二酯 (3 ) =57.8 : -十二烷二醇 50g而得二酯 (3) =53.9 ： -十二烷二醇 .54g而得二酯 (3 ) =45.0: -15- 201241170 實施例7 將90wt%之實施例4中所合成之二酯（d4)與10wt%之 新戊二醇的二酯（Hatco公司製的H2962:具有分枝甲基且 酯的分枝碳率爲8.9% )混合而得二酯（d7 )。 實施例8 將72.5wt%之實施例4中所合成之二酯（d4)與27.5 wt%的H2962混合而得二酯（d8)。 比較例1 以與實施例1相同的方法，以1,8 -辛二醇與2 -乙基己酸 作爲原料並進行酯化，而得二酯（d9)。 比較例2 以與實施例1相同的方法，以2,4-二乙基-1，5-戊二醇 與辛酸作爲原料進行酯化，而得二酯（dl〇) ^ 第1表係顯示實施例及比較例中所得之二醋（d 1 )〜（ dlO)的組成及各種物性。 -16- 201241170 [第1表] (1)+(2)+(3) 的合計％ 分枝碳率 % 動黏度 mm2/s 流動點 °C 酸値 mgKOH/g 蒸發減 少量％ 實施例1 99.3 8.3 66.4 -32.5 0.02 2.50 實施例2 99.0 9.0 70.3 -37.5 0.02 2.20 實施例3 99.3 9.6 80.5 -42.5 0.02 2.12 實施例4 99.3 9.8 82.9 <-45 0.01 1.89 實施例5 99.3 10.0 84.8 <-45 0.02 1.65 實施例ό 99.3 10.4 87.1 <-45 0.03 1.50 實施例7 89.4 9.7 81.2 <-45 0.02 2.29 實施例8 72.0 9.6 76.8 <-45 0.02 2.50 比較例1 — 16.7 93.8 <-45 0.03 4.20 比較例2 — 16.0 95.3 <-45 0.03 2.89 第1表中，動黏度爲-10 °c時之値。蒸發減少量爲在氮 氣環境中、120 °C下以熱天平將二酯保持8h後之重量減少 量（％ )。 添加劑及略稱 L57 :院基二苯基胺（BASF公司製的Irganox L57、抗 氧化劑） IR39:苯並三哗衍生物（BASF公司製的Irgamet 39、 金屬非活性劑） OAS1 200:琥珀酸醯亞胺（chevron Chemical公司製 的OAS1200、無灰系分散劑） 實施例1 1〜1 4 (d4 )、 以實施例1、4 ' 7、8中所得之二酯（d 1 )、 -17- 201241170 (d7 ) 、（ d8 )作爲基油’調配 〇.5wt% 的 L57、0.03wt% 的IR39、及1.5wt%的OAS 1 200而構成潤滑油組成物》 比較例3 以比較例1中所得之二酯（d9 )作爲基油，調配 0.5wt%的 L57' 0.03wt%的 IR39、及 1.5wt°/。的 OAS 1 200而構 成潤滑油組成物。 對上述潤滑油組成物進行蒸發試驗，以及以模擬使用 於含油軸承時的軸承扭矩者爲目的而進行-10 °C時之旋轉 黏度的評估。 蒸發試驗係在l〇〇°C、6000小時的條件下進行。蒸發 試驗，係將試樣2g放入於LABORANR螺紋管瓶#3 (容積 9ml )來進行》η數設爲2，並求取該平均値作爲蒸發減少 量。對於調配有添加劑之潤滑油組成物，係以在1 〇〇 °C、 600 0小時的條件下蒸發減少量爲0.5 %以下者爲基準値。顯 示出0.5 %以上的蒸發減少量之潤滑油，已被發現到在進行 6000小時以上時，蒸發減少量有呈指數函數地增加之傾向 〇 使用於含油軸承時形成問題之旋轉特性，爲低溫扭矩 。尤其在-10 °c時的旋轉扭矩較大時，對電池的負擔亦增 加。因此，係測定-1 〇 °c時的旋轉扭矩並模擬在實際機械 中的軸承扭矩。因馬達製造商的不同，會有要求-10 °c時 的旋轉黏度爲1〇〇 mPa · S以下之規格。因此將該基準値設 爲lOOmPa· s以下。 -18- 201241170 測定機器係使用Anton-Paar製的SVM-3000。 [第2表] 實施例 基油 動黏度 mPa * s 流動點 °C 酸値 mgKOH/g 蒸發減 少量％ 11 dl 70.07 -32.5 0.05 0.45 12 d4 87.29 -42.5 0.05 0.40 13 d7 82.26 -42.5 0.03 0.45 14 d8 78.20 <-45.0 0.03 0.49 比較例3 d9 102.9 <-45.0 0.05 0.80 第2表係顯示對上述潤滑油組成物實施接近於實態之 評估試驗之結果。動黏度爲-1 〇 °C時之値。任一實施例中 ，均顯示出蒸發減少量較低且爲滿足基準値的0.5 %以下之 値。此外，同時確認到旋轉特性亦爲基準値以下，而能夠 得到至目前爲止具有取捨關係而難以同時達成之低溫-低 扭矩與高溫-低蒸發之潤滑油組成物。 個別來說，實施例12的蒸發減少量最少，旋轉黏度亦 爲基準値以下，此外，使用多元醇酯作爲基油的一部分之 實施例1 3、1 4，係確認到幾乎不會對蒸發減少量造成阻礙 而達較佳,性能。 比較例3，在既有基油中爲均衡性最佳而被採用於許 多小型馬達中。此次，開發具有凌駕被稱爲最適基油之比 較例3的性能之潤滑油者，可說是有益於小型馬達的高性 能化（長壽命、省能源）。 -19- 201241170 產業上之可利用性： 本發明之潤滑油基油，可提供一種具有低揮發性且低 溫流動性佳之特長，並且在低溫至高溫之寬廣區域中可長 時間顯現出潤滑性之潤滑油組成物。尤其當運用在資訊相 關機器的小型主軸馬達用軸承時，可在不損及耐久性下， 實現低扭矩化（尤其是低溫驅動性）》 -20(In the formula, C3H7 & C4H9 is 11-(: 3147 and 11-(:4119) the above lubricating base oil, and the total of the diesters represented by the formulas (1), (2) and (3) is preferably a base oil. 70% by weight or more. The lubricating base oil preferably contains 30% by weight or less of a low-viscosity oil having a dynamic viscosity of less than 9 mm 2 /s at 40 ° C and a viscosity index of 100 or more. A polyol ester of a neopentyl glycol skeleton, particularly preferably, a low viscosity oil is a polyol ester obtained from octanoic acid or citric acid, and neopentyl glycol. Further, the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition characterized by The embodiment of the present invention is described below. The lubricating base oil of the present invention contains a group selected from the group consisting of the above formulas (1), (2) and (3). One or more kinds of diesters, and the ratio (Mohr ratio) of (1), (2), and (3) is located at (1) : ( 2 ) -9 - 201241170 : (3) = 45 to 100: 〇~45: 0 to 12. In the diester represented by the formulas (1) 2) and (3), the total number of carbon atoms present as a methyl group as a branched structure is 11% of the total carbon number. Take The lubricating base oil does not excessively have a branched chain, so the viscosity index is high, especially in the low temperature region, and the low viscosity is also good. The lubricating base oil of the present invention can be made by making M2-ten Dioxane is obtained by reacting one or two acids selected from the group consisting of 2-methylvaleric acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid is necessary, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid can be any When only 2-methylpentanoic acid is used as the acid, a diester represented by the formula (1) is produced. When only 2-ethylhexanoic acid is used, a diester of the formula (3) is produced. 2-methyl group is used. When valeric acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid are used as the acid, they are a mixture containing a diester of the diester represented by the formulas (1) to (3). The ratio of each diester is due to 2-methylvaleric acid and 2 - the use of ethylhexanoic acid is changed. If the diester represented by the formula (1) is produced separately and the diester of the formula (3 is mixed and mixed, the formula (1) and the formula 5) can be obtained. A mixture of diester diesters. In the lubricating base oil of the present invention, by setting the existence ratio of the diester represented by the formulas (1) and (2 (3) to a certain range, the viscosity of the oil at a low temperature can be improved. Sexuality, evaporative, Temperature mobility. When (2)::(3) is used to express the ratio of the two represented by the formulas (1), (2), and (3), it is 45-100: 0~45: 0~12, The range of 40 to 1 0 to 45: 1 to 1 5 is preferable. However, in the lubricating base oil of the present invention, the carbon ratio of the branch (hereinafter referred to as the branch carbon number) must be set to a certain ratio or less. In the case of B, the esterification of the alcohol in the domain, the table shows the ratio at which the ratio is expressed) (3) and the lubrication: (2 of the ester 85: the number of this, -10- 201241170 the so-called branched carbon number, in the formula (1), (2) and (3) are calculated from the total of the number of carbons of the methyl group and the ethyl group which are side chains. The side chain, in the formulae (1), (2) and (3), is an alkyl group substituted with a main chain containing a linear carbon chain of C3H7 or C4H9 which connects the two ends. For example, the formula (1) can be understood as a diester having a total of 24 carbon atoms of a methyl group having two side chains, in which case the branch carbon number is 2/24. On the other hand, the formula (3) can be understood as a diester having a total of 20 carbon atoms of an ethyl group having two side chains, and the branch carbon number is 4/28. The formula (2) is understood to be a diester having a total of 6 carbon atoms of a methyl group having one side chain and an ethyl group of a side chain, and the branch carbon number is 3/28. The fractional carbon number for the mixture is calculated by the weighted average enthalpy of this. Therefore, from this content, it is understood that the amount of the diester represented by the formula (3) is limited. In the lubricating base oil of the present invention, the content of the diester may be 50% by weight or more based on the base oil, and when it is 70% by weight or more, the low viscosity and low evaporability of the lubricating oil at a low temperature can be sufficiently enhanced. In the method of mixing with other base oil components, a method of mixing and esterifying a diol other than 1,12-dodecanediol, or 2-methylvaleric acid, or a method of synthesizing, may be mentioned. A method in which an acid other than 2-ethylhexanoic acid is mixed and esterified. The method of mixing may be a method of mixing with a base oil such as an ester or a polyalphaolefin. Among them, a low-viscosity oil containing a polyol ester having a dynamic viscosity of less than 9 mm 2 /s at 40 ° C and having a viscosity index of 100 or more and having a neopentyl glycol skeleton can maintain the lubricating oil at a low temperature. This is advantageous because of its low viscosity, low evaporation, and even lower temperature fluidity. The low viscosity oil component is preferably an esterified product of neopentyl glycol and caprylic acid or citric acid. Further, when the -11 - 201241170 low viscosity oil is contained, it is preferably 30% by weight or less of the base oil. The diesters represented by the formulas (1), (2) and (3) can be subjected to a general method, preferably in the presence of an inert gas such as nitrogen, in the presence of an esterification catalyst or in the absence of a catalyst. The acid component and the alcohol component are heated and stirred to obtain a diesterification. Specific examples thereof include a synthesis method in which a condensation reaction is carried out at a high temperature and esterification is carried out while removing the generated water. In the reaction, a catalyst such as sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or tetraalkoxy titanate may be used without a catalyst, and a dehydrating solvent such as toluene, ethylbenzene or xylene may be used. When the esterification reaction is carried out, the acid component 'e., for example, is 2.0 mol or more per mol of the alcohol component, and preferably 2.01 to 4.5 mol. The lubricating base oil of the present invention is a base oil of a lubricating oil composition such as a liquid lubricating oil or a grease. The lubricating oil composition of the present invention uses the base oil 'and blends the ingredients for improving the performance of the lubricating oil composition with the base oil', which is generally known as an antioxidant, an oily agent, an anti-wear agent, Additives or thickeners such as extreme pressure agents, metal inactive agents, rust inhibitors, viscosity index enhancers, pour point depressants, defoaming agents, and the like. The additive can be appropriately formulated in one or more types. These additives are preferably from 0.01 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 3% to 5% by weight, based on the lubricating base oil. When the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is a grease, the thickener used therefor is not particularly limited, and those which are usually used in the grease can be suitably used. For example, metal soap, complex soap, urea, organic bentonite, cerium oxide, etc. may be mentioned. The content of the thickener in the grease is usually 3 to 30% by weight. In addition, in the 'grease grease, one or more kinds of the generally formulated anti--12-201241170 oxidant and extreme pressure can be appropriately formulated. Additives such as agents, rust inhibitors, metal corrosion inhibitors, oily agents, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, adhesion promoters, and the like. These additives ' are generally preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.03 to 5% by weight, based on the grease base oil. The lubricating oil composition of the lubricating base oil of the present invention is mainly used as an industrial lubricant such as a working oil, a gear oil, a spindle oil or a bearing oil, and can be applied to a dynamic pressure bearing oil, a sintered oil bearing oil, and a hinge oil. Various uses such as sewing oil and sliding oil. Grease can be applied to various lubrication parts such as bearings (balls, rollers, needles), sliding parts, and gear parts. In particular, it can be advantageously applied to a fluid bearing unit, a fluid dynamic bearing unit, a porous oil bearing unit, and a spindle motor having such units. The following shows an example of a lubricating oil composition suitable for use in the present invention. 1) A fluid bearing unit is provided with an oil film pressure of a lubricating oil interposed in a gap between the outer peripheral surface of the shaft and the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve to support the rotation. The bearing portion of the shaft, and the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is used as a bearing unit of the lubricant. 2) Fluid dynamic pressure bearing unit: A dynamic pressure generating groove is provided on either one of the outer circumferential surface of the shaft and the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve, and the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is used as a bearing unit of the lubricant. 3) Porous oil-impregnated bearing unit: A porous oil-impregnated bearing impregnated with the lubricating oil composition of the present invention. 4) Porous oil-impregnated bearing: a bearing impregnated with the lubricating oil composition of the present invention. The porous oil-impregnated bearing is preferably a dynamic pressure type porous oil bearing. 5) Spindle motor: A spindle motor having the above bearing unit. -13-201241170 [Examples] The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention in detail and are not limited to the following examples. Example 1 80.93 g of 1,12-dodecanediol, 2-methylpentane in a four-necked flask of 500 cc, a heating device, a nitrogen gas vent tube and a nitrogen gas line, and a Dean-Stark device. In the reaction apparatus, tetrakis(IV)oxy) titanate was used as a catalyst in a nitrogen atmosphere; i was reacted for 48 hours to fully esterify. Most of the carboxylic acid remaining in the oil is neutralized, and then the acid remaining in the ester is neutralized, and the unreacted matter or impurities are treated by adsorption to obtain a diester (dl). Diester group The molar ratio was calculated from the area ratio in the gas chromatography. The white diester was 99.3 wt% of the whole. Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, esterification was carried out using 1, 1:80.93 g, 91.97 g of 2-methylpentanoic acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid to obtain a diester (d2). The diester (d2) is a mixture of E (2) and a diester represented by the formula (3), and the ratio of the formula ((3) (mol ratio) is (1): (2): 17.9: 1.0, etc. A total of 99.Owt% of the total. However, the invention has a 185.81g placed in a thermometer, a cooling tube, and a cold (2-ethyl-1-hex E 170 ° C, stirred at 170 ° C will be counter-touch The medium loses activity to remove the formation of the ester, and the formula 3 (1) represents • dodecanediol. 69g and this is entered into the formula I (1), formula 1), (2) and (3) = 81.1 : -14- 201241170 Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 2, 1,1 2 80.93 g, 2-methylpentanoic acid 89.3 9 g, and 2-ethylhexanoic acid 27 (d3) were used. Diester (d3) , (1) : ( 2 ): 32.6: 4.1, the total of these is 99.3 wt% of the whole. Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 2, 1,1 2 80.93 g, 2-methylpentane was used. Acid 78.06g and 2-ethylhexanoic acid 41 (d4). Diester. (d4), (1): (2): 36.5: 5.7, the total of these is 99.3 wt% of the whole. In the same manner as in Example 2, 1, 2 2 80.93 g, 75.00 g of 2-methylpentanoic acid and 44 (d5) of 2-ethylhexanoic acid were used. D5), which is (1): (2): 3 9.1 : 7.0, and the total of these is 9 9.3 wt% of the whole. Example 6 In the same manner as in Example 2, 1,1 2 80.93 g, 2 was used. - 71.70 g of methyl valeric acid and 50 (d6 ) of 2-ethylhexanoic acid. The diester (d6) is (1): (2): 4 4.1: 10.8, and the total of these is 99.3 wt% of the whole. - dodecanediol _ 7 5 g to obtain diester (3) = 63.2 : - dodecanediol 54g to obtain diester (3) = 57.8 : - dodecanediol 50g to obtain diester (3 = 53.9 : - dodecanediol. 54 g to obtain diester (3 ) = 45.0: -15 - 201241170 Example 7 90 wt% of the diester (d4) synthesized in Example 4 and 10 wt% new A diester of pentanediol (H2962 manufactured by Hatco Co., Ltd.: having a branched methyl group and a branched carbon ratio of 8.9% of the ester) was mixed to obtain a diester (d7). Example 8 72.5 wt% of Example 4 The synthesized diester (d4) was mixed with 27.5 wt% of H2962 to obtain a diester (d8). Comparative Example 1 In the same manner as in Example 1, 1,8-octanediol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid were used. As a raw material, esterification is carried out to obtain a diester (d9). Comparative Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, esterification was carried out using 2,4-diethyl-1,5-pentanediol and octanoic acid as raw materials to obtain a diester (dl〇) ^ The composition and various physical properties of the diacetate (d 1 ) to (dlO) obtained in the examples and the comparative examples. -16- 201241170 [Table 1] (1) Total of +(2)+(3) % Branching carbon rate % Dynamic viscosity mm2/s Flow point °C Acid 値mgKOH/g Evaporation reduction % Example 99.3 8.3 66.4 -32.5 0.02 2.50 Example 2 99.0 9.0 70.3 -37.5 0.02 2.20 Example 3 99.3 9.6 80.5 -42.5 0.02 2.12 Example 4 99.3 9.8 82.9 <-45 0.01 1.89 Example 5 99.3 10.0 84.8 <-45 0.02 1.65 EXAMPLES 99.3 10.4 87.1 <-45 0.03 1.50 Example 7 89.4 9.7 81.2 <-45 0.02 2.29 Example 8 72.0 9.6 76.8 <-45 0.02 2.50 Comparative Example 1 - 16.7 93.8 <-45 0.03 4.20 Comparative Example 2 — 16.0 95.3 <-45 0.03 2.89 In the first table, the dynamic viscosity is -10 °c. The evaporation reduction is the weight loss (%) after maintaining the diester for 8 hours with a thermobalance in a nitrogen atmosphere at 120 °C. Additives and abbreviated L57: diphenylamine (Irganox L57, antioxidant manufactured by BASF) IR39: benzotriazine derivative (Irgamet 39, manufactured by BASF), metal inactive agent OAS1 200: barium succinate Imine (OAS 1200, ashless dispersant manufactured by Chevron Chemical Co., Ltd.) Examples 1 1 to 14 (d4), diesters (d 1 ), -17- obtained in Examples 1, 4 '7, and 8 201241170 (d7), (d8) as a base oil 'mixed 〇. 5wt% of L57, 0.03wt% of IR39, and 1.5wt% of OAS 1 200 to constitute a lubricating oil composition" Comparative Example 3 obtained in Comparative Example 1 The diester (d9) was used as a base oil, and 0.5 wt% of L57' 0.03 wt% of IR39 and 1.5 wt% were formulated. The OAS 1 200 constitutes a lubricating oil composition. The above lubricating oil composition was subjected to an evaporation test, and an evaluation of the rotational viscosity at -10 °C was carried out for the purpose of simulating the bearing torque used in the oil-impregnated bearing. The evaporation test was carried out under conditions of 10 ° C and 6000 hours. In the evaporation test, 2 g of the sample was placed in a LABORANR threaded vial #3 (volume 9 ml) to carry out "the number of η was set to 2, and the average enthalpy was determined as the evaporation reduction amount. The lubricating oil composition to which the additive is formulated is based on the fact that the evaporation reduction amount is 0.5% or less under conditions of 1 〇〇 ° C and 600 hours. A lubricating oil exhibiting an evaporation reduction of 0.5% or more has been found to have an exponentially increasing tendency to decrease the amount of evaporation when it is performed for 6,000 hours or more, and a rotational characteristic which is problematic when used in an oil-impregnated bearing, and is a low-temperature torque. . Especially when the rotational torque at -10 °C is large, the burden on the battery is also increased. Therefore, the rotational torque at -1 〇 °c is measured and the bearing torque in the actual machine is simulated. Depending on the motor manufacturer, there is a requirement that the rotational viscosity at -10 °c is 1 〇〇 mPa · S or less. Therefore, the reference 値 is set to be less than 100 mPa·s. -18- 201241170 The measuring machine uses the SVM-3000 manufactured by Anton-Paar. [Table 2] Example base oil dynamic viscosity mPa * s Flow point °C Acid 値mgKOH/g Evaporation reduction % 11 dl 70.07 -32.5 0.05 0.45 12 d4 87.29 -42.5 0.05 0.40 13 d7 82.26 -42.5 0.03 0.45 14 d8 78.20 <-45.0 0.03 0.49 Comparative Example 3 d9 102.9 <-45.0 0.05 0.80 The second table shows the results of an evaluation test close to the actual state of the above lubricating oil composition. The dynamic viscosity is -1 〇 °C. In either of the examples, it was shown that the amount of evaporation reduction was low and was less than 0.5% of the reference enthalpy. In addition, it has been confirmed that the rotational characteristics are also below the reference value, and it is possible to obtain a lubricating oil composition having a low-low torque and a high-temperature low evaporation which are difficult to achieve at the same time. In some cases, the evaporation reduction amount of Example 12 was the least, and the rotational viscosity was also below the reference enthalpy. Further, in the case of Example 13 and 4 using a polyol ester as a part of the base oil, it was confirmed that the evaporation was hardly reduced. The amount causes obstacles to achieve better performance. Comparative Example 3 was used in many small motors for optimum balance in the existing base oil. This time, it is said that it is beneficial to the high performance (long life, energy saving) of a small motor, which is superior to the performance of the third example of the optimum base oil. -19- 201241170 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY: The lubricating base oil of the present invention can provide a characteristic of low volatility and good low-temperature fluidity, and can exhibit lubricity for a long period of time in a wide region from low temperature to high temperature. Lubricating oil composition. In particular, when used in a small spindle motor bearing for information-related machines, low torque (especially low-temperature drive) can be achieved without compromising durability. -20