201237523 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明有關於一種液晶顯示裝置，尤指一種垂直配向型液 晶顯示裝置。 【先前技術】 目前垂直配向型的薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器（Thin-Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display，TFT-LCD)針對廣視角技術的 種類主要可分為多領域垂直配向型（Multi-domain Vertical201237523 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device. [Prior Art] Currently, a vertical alignment type thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) can be mainly classified into a multi-domain vertical alignment type (Multi-domain Vertical).
Alignment, MVA type)及圖案垂直配向型（patterned Vertical Alignment，PVA type)兩種結構型態。此兩種形態主要是在彩 色濾光片的透明導電膜上分別設置突出狀結構(pr〇trusi〇n)及狹 縫結構（slit)，以在垂直配向的架構下，產生多領域的液晶排 列，進而達到廣視角的需求。惟，兩者在液晶單元（Liquid crystal Cell)組立過程時都容易產生組立誤差而影響其光學特性。 另有種垂直配向型薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器，其是透過對 應每一畫素增設一偏壓電極，透過偏壓電極提供電場來規範液 晶分子排列方向’達到多領域的液晶排列，其中每一偏壓電極 是透過-增設的薄膜電晶體元件進行㈣卜此種方式在液晶單 元的製作i ’相較於前述的多領域垂直配向型及圖案垂直配向 型具有較低的成本優勢，且彩色濾光片的透明導電膜維持平 整，較不會有組立誤差的問題^，此種方式需對應每一畫素 再多使用-薄膜電晶體元件來控制偏壓電極，將會使得開口率 偏低’且系統驅動較複雜，較不適用於低功率需求的中小尺寸 201237523 故，有必要提供一種垂直配向型液晶顯示裝置，以解決習 知技術所存在的問題。 【發明内容】 有馨於s知技術的缺點，本發明之主要目的在於提供一種 垂直配向型液晶顯示裝置，其相較於多領域垂直配向型及圖案 垂直配向型的液晶顯示裝置較無組立誤差的問題，同時具備較 高開口率以及驅動架構較簡單的優勢。 為達上述之目的，本發明提供一種垂直配向型液晶顯示裝 置，其包含： 一第一基板’包含一共通電極； 第一基板，係相對該第一基板，並包含複數晝素電極及 複數偏壓電極’其中該些畫素電極係呈矩陣排列且分成數個畫 素列，f每一畫素電極係設有至少一開口；每一偏壓電極係位 置對應每-畫素電極的開σ，其帽應同—畫素列之晝素電極 的偏壓電極係共同連接一偏壓開關元件；以及 一液晶層，係設於該第一基板及該第二基板之間。 在本發明之一實施例中，該共通電極可接受一共通電壓； ::畫素電極係連接一驅動開關元件，該驅動開關元件可根據 —掃描信號而開啟’其中每—畫素電極可於該驅動開關元件開 ，時接收-資料電壓，其中該資料電壓準位大於該共通電壓時 疋義為正極性’該資料電壓準位小於該共通電壓時定義為負極 !生’且每-畫素列的晝素電極所接受的資料電壓極性與相鄰畫 素列的畫素電極所接受的資料電壓極性呈相反。 ^在本發明之一實施例中，該偏壓開關元件可根據相同的掃 描信號而開啟’且該偏壓開關元件所對應連接的每一偏壓電極 201237523 可於該偏壓開關元件開啟時接收一偏壓電壓，其中當該偏壓電 極所對應的畫素電極的資料電壓為正極性時，該偏壓電壓的準 位南於該資料電壓的準位，當該偏壓電極所對應的畫素電極的 資料電壓為負極性時，該偏壓電壓的準位低於該資料電壓的準 位。 在本發明之一實施例中，每一畫素電極的開口為一 v型狹 縫，且其所對應的偏壓電極為一形狀對應該開口的條狀導電 材。 在本發明之一實施例中，每一畫素電極包含三個畫素電極 區塊，所述開口係設於每一畫素電極區塊的中央位置。 在本發明之一實施例中，每一畫素電極區塊的開口係為圓 形。 在本發明之一實施例中，每一晝素電極所對應的偏壓電極 為一長條狀導電材，其中該偏壓電極的兩端及中心位置係分別 對應所屬畫素電極的畫素電極區塊的開口。 在本發明之一實施例中’同一晝素列的偏壓電極係以同側 的一端共同連接至所對應的偏壓開關元件。 在本發明之一實施例中，每一偏壓電極的兩端及中心係為 圓形。 本發明透過在每一畫素列的一側增設一偏壓開關元件，以 控制所屬畫素列的偏壓電極同時提供控制液晶多領域排列所 需的電場’相較於先前技術需對應每一畫素多使用一薄骐電晶 體7C件來單獨控制偏壓電極，可大幅簡化驅動系統，有效地提 南開口率。 【實施方式】 6 201237523 為了讓本發明之上述及其他目的、特徵、優點能更明顯易 懂’下文將特舉本發明較佳實施例，並配合所_式，作詳細 說明如下。 下列說明是參考附加的圖式，用以例示本發明可用以實施 之特定實施例。本發明所提到的方向用語，例如「上」、「下」、 「前」、「後」、「内」、「外」、「左」、「右」等，僅是參相加圖、 式的方向。因此，本發明以下實施例中所提到的方向用語僅是 用來輔助說明本發明技術内容，而非用來限制本發明。 請參考第1圖所示，第！圖揭示本發明一較佳實施例之垂 直配向型液晶顯示裝置的側剖示意圖…種垂直配向型液晶顯 示裝置係包含-第一基板10、一第二基板2〇及一液晶層3〇。 該第一基板10係包含一共通電極11。 該第二基板20係相對該第一基板1〇設置。該第二基板2〇 包含複數畫素電極210及複數偏壓電極22〇，該些畫 呈矩陣排列且分成數個晝素列(pixel R〇w)，且每一晝素電極 210係設有至少一開口 211。每一偏壓電極22〇是位置對應每一 畫素電極210的開口 21卜該第二基板2〇可進一步包含一絕緣 層23，係設於該些畫素電極21〇與該些偏壓電極22〇之間。 該液晶層30係密封設置於該第一基板1〇及該第二基板2〇 之間。 請進一步參考第2圖所示，第2圖係揭示本發明一較佳實 施例之垂直配向型液晶顯示裝置的局部等效電路示意圖。前述 共通電極11係為-共通電極，以接受—共通電壓v_。而每 畫素電極210則連接一驅動開關元件Q1。該驅動開關元件 Q1可為-薄膜電晶體’其閘極係供連接_掃描線，可根據該掃 描線傳來的-掃描信號Vgate而產生開關動作，其源極及没極 201237523 則分別連接一資料線及該畫素電極21〇。當該驅動開關元件φ 受掃描信號Vgate驅動而開啟時，該畫素電極21〇即可透過資 料線接收一資料電壓Vdata，該畫素電極210與共通電極丨丨之 間構成的液晶電容即開始充電。其中該資料電壓Vdata準位大 於該共通電壓Vcom時定義為正極性，該資料電壓Vcjata準位 小於該共通電壓Vcom時定義為負極性。且每一畫素列的晝素 電極210所接受的資料電壓Vdata極性與相鄰晝素列的畫素電 極210所接受的資料電壓vdata極性呈相反。亦即本實施例之 畫素矩陣的極性反轉方式為列反轉（r〇w inversi〇n)。 再者’為了配合列極性反轉的驅動架構，對應同一晝素列 之晝素電極210的偏壓電極220係共同連接一偏壓開關元件 Q2。該偏壓開關元件q2可為一薄膜電晶體，如第2圖所示， 該偏壓開關元件Q2的一端（閘極）係連接同一畫素列的掃描 線，故可隨該驅動開關元件Qi根據相同的掃描信號乂以化開 啟。而該偏壓開關元件Q2之另一端係供接收一偏壓電壓 Vbias，使其所對應連接的每一偏壓電極22〇可於該偏壓開關元 件Q2開啟時接收該偏壓電壓vbias，進而提供電場來規範液晶 分子的排列方向，達到多領域的液晶排列，再者，進一步參考 第3圖所示，當該偏壓電極22〇所對應的畫素電極21〇的資料 電壓Vdata為正極性時，該偏壓電壓vbias的準位係高於該資 料電壓Vdata的準位；當該偏壓電極22〇所對應的畫素電極21〇 的資料電壓Vdata為負極性時，該偏壓電壓Vbias的準位係低 於該資料電壓的準位。 本發明主要是在列反轉的液晶驅動架構下，透過在每一畫 素列的一側增設一偏壓開關元件Q2，以控制所屬畫素列的偏壓 電極220同時接受一偏壓，相較於先前技術需對應每一畫素多 201237523 使用-薄膜電晶體元件來單獨控制偏麼電極，可大幅簡化驅動 系統’減少元件數量，並提高開口率。 本發明可適用多種形態的畫素結構。如參考第4圖所示， 為多領域式的像素結構，其晝素電極21G係為一 v型導電材， 而每-畫素電極21〇的開口 211則為一 V型狹縫以對應畫素電 極210的形狀，且其所對應的偏壓電極220為一形狀對應該開 口 211的條狀導電材。 又如第5圖所示，係為一軸對稱式的畫素結構，其十每一 畫素電極包含二個畫素電極區塊213，所述開口 211係設於每 一畫素電極區塊213的中央位置，並為圓形。且每一畫素電極 210所對應的偏壓電極22〇為—長條狀導電材，其中該偏壓電 極220的兩端及中心位置係分別對應所屬畫素電極21〇的畫素 電極區塊213的開口《且每一偏壓電極22〇的兩端及中心最佳 是為圓形，以對應所述開口 211的形狀，藉此使液晶排列更為 對稱。 本發明並不限上述畫素結構，不論是何種畫素結構，其對 應同一畫素列的偏壓電極220皆是以同側的一端共同連接至所 對應的偏壓開關元件Q2。 綜上所述，本發明有鑒於先前技術需對應每一畫素多使用 一薄膜電晶體元件來單獨控制偏壓電極，使得系統驅動過於複 雜，並造成開口率偏低，因而令對應同一畫素列的偏壓電極22〇 共同連接一偏壓開關元件Q2，再配合列反轉的液晶驅動架構， 來達到多領域液晶排列的廣視角效果，相較之下系統驅動架構 較為簡單，可適用低功率需求的中小尺寸產品，同時開口率也 獲得提升。 本發明已以較佳實施例方式揭露，然其並非用以限制本創 201237523 作’任何熟習此項技藝之人士，在不脫離本創作之精神和範圍 内，當可作各種更動與修飾，因此本創作之保護範圍當視後附 之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖為本發明一較佳實施例之垂直配向型液晶顯示裝置 的側剖示意圖。 第2圖為本發明一較佳實施例之垂直配向型液晶顯示裝置 的局部等效電路示意圓。 第3圖為本發明一較佳實施例之所輸入偏壓電壓與資料電 壓的比較波形圖。 第4圖為本發明一較佳實施例之像素結構示意圖。 第5圖為本發明另_較佳實施例之像素結構示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 11 共通電極 210畫素電極 213畫素電極區塊 23 絕緣層 10第一基板 2〇第二基板 211 開口 220偏壓電極 30液晶層 Q1驅動開關元件 Q2偏壓開關元件Alignment, MVA type) and Patterned Vertical Alignment (PVA type) two structural types. The two forms mainly include a protruding structure (spr) and a slit structure on the transparent conductive film of the color filter to generate a multi-domain liquid crystal arrangement under the vertical alignment structure. To meet the needs of a wide viewing angle. However, both of them are prone to cause errors in the liquid crystal cell assembly process and affect their optical characteristics. Another type of vertical alignment type thin film transistor liquid crystal display device is characterized in that a bias electrode is added corresponding to each pixel, and an electric field is supplied through the bias electrode to regulate the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules to achieve a multi-domain liquid crystal alignment, wherein each partial polarization The pressure electrode is made by a transmissive-added thin film transistor element. (4) In this way, the fabrication of the liquid crystal cell has a lower cost advantage than the multi-domain vertical alignment type and the pattern vertical alignment type, and the color filter is used. The transparent conductive film of the sheet is kept flat, and there is no problem of setting errors. In this way, it is necessary to use a thin film transistor element for controlling each of the pixels to control the bias electrode, which will make the aperture ratio low. The system driver is more complicated and is not suitable for the small and medium size 201237523 with low power demand. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device to solve the problems of the prior art. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device which has no grouping error compared with a multi-domain vertical alignment type and pattern vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device. The problem is that it has the advantage of a higher aperture ratio and a simpler drive architecture. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first substrate 'including a common electrode; a first substrate opposite to the first substrate, and comprising a plurality of halogen electrodes and a plurality of partial electrodes The pressure electrode 'where the pixel electrodes are arranged in a matrix and divided into a plurality of pixel columns, wherein each pixel electrode is provided with at least one opening; each bias electrode system position corresponds to an opening σ of each pixel electrode The cap electrode should be connected to a biasing switch element of the pixel electrode of the pixel array in common; and a liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. In an embodiment of the invention, the common electrode can receive a common voltage; the pixel electrode is connected to a driving switching element, and the driving switching element can be turned on according to the scanning signal, wherein each of the pixel electrodes can be When the driving switch element is turned on, the data voltage is received, wherein the data voltage level is greater than the common voltage, and the positive voltage is defined as a negative voltage when the data voltage level is less than the common voltage. The polarity of the data voltage received by the column of the pixel electrode is opposite to the polarity of the data voltage received by the pixel electrode of the adjacent pixel column. In an embodiment of the present invention, the bias switching element can be turned on according to the same scan signal, and each bias electrode 201237523 corresponding to the bias switch element can be received when the bias switch element is turned on. a bias voltage, wherein when the data voltage of the pixel electrode corresponding to the bias electrode is positive, the bias voltage is at a level south of the data voltage, and the corresponding electrode of the bias electrode When the data voltage of the element electrode is negative polarity, the level of the bias voltage is lower than the level of the data voltage. In an embodiment of the invention, the opening of each of the pixel electrodes is a v-shaped slit, and the corresponding biasing electrode is a strip-shaped conductive material having a shape corresponding to the opening. In one embodiment of the invention, each of the pixel electrodes includes three pixel electrode blocks, the openings being disposed at a central location of each of the pixel electrode blocks. In one embodiment of the invention, the opening of each pixel electrode block is circular. In an embodiment of the present invention, the bias electrode corresponding to each of the pixel electrodes is a long strip of conductive material, wherein the two ends of the bias electrode and the center position respectively correspond to the pixel electrodes of the pixel electrode The opening of the block. In one embodiment of the invention, the bias electrodes of the same pixel column are commonly connected to the corresponding bias switching elements at one end on the same side. In one embodiment of the invention, the ends and center of each bias electrode are circular. The invention adds a bias switching element on one side of each pixel column to control the bias electrode of the pixel column of the pixel while providing the electric field required for controlling the multi-domain arrangement of the liquid crystal. The pixel is controlled by a thin silicon germanium 7C device to control the bias electrode separately, which greatly simplifies the driving system and effectively raises the south aperture ratio. [Embodiment] 6 201237523 The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and understood. The following description is by reference to the accompanying drawings in the claims The directional terms mentioned in the present invention, such as "upper", "lower", "before", "after", "inside", "outside", "left", "right", etc. Direction. Therefore, the directional terms used in the following embodiments of the present invention are merely used to assist in explaining the technical content of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Please refer to Figure 1, the first! BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A side cross-sectional view of a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a first substrate 10, a second substrate 2A, and a liquid crystal layer 3A. The first substrate 10 includes a common electrode 11. The second substrate 20 is disposed opposite to the first substrate 1 . The second substrate 2 includes a plurality of pixel electrodes 210 and a plurality of bias electrodes 22, which are arranged in a matrix and are divided into a plurality of pixel columns (pixel R〇w), and each of the pixel electrodes 210 is provided At least one opening 211. Each of the bias electrodes 22 is located at an opening 21 corresponding to each of the pixel electrodes 210. The second substrate 2 further includes an insulating layer 23 disposed on the pixel electrodes 21 and the bias electrodes. Between 22 。. The liquid crystal layer 30 is sealed between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2A. Further, referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is a partial equivalent circuit diagram showing a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned common electrode 11 is a common electrode to receive a common voltage v_. Each of the pixel electrodes 210 is connected to a driving switching element Q1. The driving switching element Q1 can be a thin film transistor whose gate is connected to a scan line, and can be switched according to the scan signal Vgate transmitted from the scan line, and the source and the poleless 201237523 are respectively connected to one. The data line and the pixel electrode 21〇. When the driving switching element φ is turned on by the scanning signal Vgate, the pixel electrode 21 can receive a data voltage Vdata through the data line, and the liquid crystal capacitor formed between the pixel electrode 210 and the common electrode 即 starts. Charging. When the data voltage Vdata level is greater than the common voltage Vcom, it is defined as a positive polarity, and when the data voltage Vcjata level is smaller than the common voltage Vcom, it is defined as a negative polarity. The polarity of the data voltage Vdata received by the pixel electrode 210 of each pixel column is opposite to the polarity of the data voltage vdata received by the pixel electrode 210 of the adjacent pixel column. That is, the polarity inversion mode of the pixel matrix of this embodiment is column inversion (r〇w inversi). Further, in order to cooperate with the column polarity inversion driving structure, the bias electrode 220 of the pixel electrode 210 corresponding to the same pixel column is commonly connected to a bias switching element Q2. The bias switch element q2 can be a thin film transistor. As shown in FIG. 2, one end (gate) of the bias switch element Q2 is connected to the scan line of the same pixel column, so that the switch element Qi can be driven According to the same scanning signal, it turns on. The other end of the bias switching element Q2 is configured to receive a bias voltage Vbias, so that each bias electrode 22 corresponding to the bias switch element Q2 can receive the bias voltage vbias when the bias switching element Q2 is turned on. An electric field is provided to regulate the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules to achieve a multi-domain liquid crystal alignment. Further, referring to FIG. 3, when the bias electrode 22 is corresponding to the pixel voltage 21 of the pixel electrode 21, the data voltage is positive. When the voltage of the bias voltage vbias is higher than the level of the data voltage Vdata; when the data voltage Vdata of the pixel electrode 21 corresponding to the bias electrode 22 is negative, the bias voltage Vbias The level is below the level of the data voltage. The present invention mainly provides a bias switching element Q2 on one side of each pixel column to control the bias electrode 220 of the pixel column to receive a bias voltage simultaneously under the column inversion liquid crystal driving structure. Compared with the previous technology, each of the pixels is required to be used in 201237523. The thin film transistor element is used to individually control the bias electrode, which greatly simplifies the driving system to reduce the number of components and increase the aperture ratio. The present invention is applicable to a variety of pixel structures. As shown in FIG. 4, the multi-domain pixel structure has a pixel electrode 21G as a v-type conductive material, and the opening 211 of each pixel electrode 21 is a V-shaped slit to correspond to the drawing. The shape of the element electrode 210, and the corresponding bias electrode 220 is a strip-shaped conductive material having a shape corresponding to the opening 211. As shown in FIG. 5, it is an axisymmetric pixel structure, and each of the ten pixel electrodes includes two pixel electrode blocks 213, and the opening 211 is disposed in each pixel electrode block 213. The central position is round. The bias electrode 22 corresponding to each of the pixel electrodes 210 is a long strip-shaped conductive material, wherein the two ends of the bias electrode 220 and the center position respectively correspond to the pixel electrode block of the pixel electrode 21 所属The opening of 213 "and both ends and the center of each of the bias electrodes 22" are preferably circular to correspond to the shape of the opening 211, thereby making the liquid crystal alignment more symmetrical. The present invention is not limited to the above pixel structure. Regardless of the pixel structure, the bias electrodes 220 corresponding to the same pixel column are connected to the corresponding bias switching element Q2 at the same side. In summary, the present invention is directed to the prior art that a thin film transistor element is used for each pixel to separately control the bias electrode, so that the system driving is too complicated and the aperture ratio is low, so that the same pixel is corresponding. The column bias electrodes 22 are commonly connected to a bias switching element Q2, and the column inversion liquid crystal driving structure is used to achieve a wide viewing angle effect of multi-domain liquid crystal alignment. The system driving structure is relatively simple and can be applied low. Small and medium-sized products with power requirements, while the aperture ratio is also improved. The present invention has been disclosed in the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to any person skilled in the art, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of this creation is subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application attached. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a side cross-sectional view showing a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a partial equivalent circuit schematic circle of a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a view showing a comparison waveform of an input bias voltage and a data voltage according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pixel structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a pixel according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 11 Common electrode 210 pixel electrode 213 pixel electrode block 23 Insulation layer 10 First substrate 2〇 Second substrate 211 Opening 220 Bias electrode 30 Liquid crystal layer Q1 Driving switching element Q2 Bias switching element