201235307 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明一般而言係關於一種淡化技術，且更特定而言係 關於超級電容器淡化（SCD)裝置及方法。 【先前技術】 一種習用SCD裝置通常使一對端子電極供應有相反極性 以於其間產生一電場。位於該等端子電極之間的一室允許 一欲處理進料流通過。亦可在該等端子電極之間採用一個 或多個雙極電極以形成至多個進料流之更多室。 因容量限制而以一充電模式及一放電模式週期性地操作 該習用SCD裝置。在該充電模式中，該等室充當稀釋室， 其中進料流中之離子在該電場的作用下被吸收至該等電極 上以產生稀釋溶液。當該等電極（端子電極或雙極電極）之 容量已滿或近滿時，藉由使該等料電極短路而將該習用 SCD裝置切換至該放電模式中。因此，該等稀釋室改變成 濃縮室’ |中該等電極中之離子進入至進料流中以產生濃 縮溶液。藉助此種組態及操作模式，既不可連續產生稀釋 溶液亦不可連續產生濃縮溶液。 此外3 S用SCD裝置額外採用一能量回收（ER)裝 來聚集在該放電模式所產生之能量。所聚集之能量由另 SCD裝置在該充電模式中重新❹，&減少總體功率 耗’但因該額外ER裝置而導致較高生產成本。此外， ER裝置因其自己的電阻而消耗某些所聚集之能量。 因此’需要提供可以—連續方式提供產物水之經改 154403.doc 201235307 SCD裝置及方法。此外’另外需要提供可不藉助一 裝置 聚集在該放電模式中所產生之能量之SCD裝置。 【發明内容】 根據一個實施例，一種超級電容器淡化（SCD)裝置包括 一對端子電極及位於該等端子電極之間的至少一個雙極電 極。該至少一個雙極電極在其相對表面上安置有一離子交 換材料。該離子交換材料係一陽離子交換材料或一陰離子 交換材料。 根據另一實施例，一種SCD系統包括一電源及耦合至該 該SCD裝置包括：一對端子電極，其 電源之一 SCD裝置。 等藉由該電源供應有相反極性以於其間產生一電場；至少 -個雙極電極’其位於該等端子電極之間；及複數個室， 其等形成於該等端子電極與該至少一個雙極電極之間 少一個雙極電極在其相對表面 該離子交換材料係一陽離子交 許欲處理進料流通過。該至少_ 上:ίτ置有一離子交換材料。該 換材料或一陰離子交換材料。 ，一種SCD系統包括一電源及複數201235307 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates generally to a desalination technique, and more particularly to a supercapacitor desalination (SCD) apparatus and method. [Prior Art] A conventional SCD device usually supplies a pair of terminal electrodes with opposite polarities to generate an electric field therebetween. A chamber located between the terminal electrodes allows a feed stream to be processed. One or more bipolar electrodes may also be employed between the terminal electrodes to form more chambers to the plurality of feed streams. The conventional SCD device is periodically operated in a charging mode and a discharging mode due to capacity limitation. In this charging mode, the chambers act as dilution chambers in which ions in the feed stream are absorbed by the electric field onto the electrodes to produce a dilute solution. When the capacities of the electrodes (terminal electrodes or bipolar electrodes) are full or nearly full, the conventional SCD device is switched to the discharge mode by short-circuiting the electrodes. Thus, the diluting chambers are changed to concentrate ions in the concentrating chambers into the feed stream to produce a concentrated solution. With this configuration and mode of operation, it is not possible to continuously produce a dilute solution or continuously produce a concentrated solution. In addition, the 3S uses an additional energy recovery (ER) for the SCD device to concentrate the energy generated by the discharge mode. The aggregated energy is re-twisted by the other SCD device in this charging mode, & reducing overall power consumption' but resulting in higher production costs due to the additional ER device. In addition, the ER device consumes some of the accumulated energy due to its own resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a process that can provide a continuous process of product water 154403.doc 201235307 SCD apparatus and method. Furthermore, it is additionally desirable to provide an SCD device that can concentrate the energy generated in the discharge mode without the aid of a device. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to one embodiment, a supercapacitor desalination (SCD) device includes a pair of terminal electrodes and at least one bipolar electrode positioned between the terminal electrodes. The at least one bipolar electrode is provided with an ion exchange material on its opposite surface. The ion exchange material is a cation exchange material or an anion exchange material. In accordance with another embodiment, an SCD system includes a power source and coupled to the SCD device including a pair of terminal electrodes, one of which is a power source SCD device. The power supply is supplied with an opposite polarity to generate an electric field therebetween; at least one bipolar electrode 'between the terminal electrodes; and a plurality of chambers formed on the terminal electrodes and the at least one bipolar A small bipolar electrode between the electrodes is on its opposite surface. The ion exchange material is a cation that allows the feed stream to pass through. The at least _ upper: ίτ is provided with an ion exchange material. The material is changed or an anion exchange material. An SCD system including a power source and a plurality
154403.doc 根據一進一步實施例，一種 個SCD堆疊。該箄sCDi金 201235307 交換材料。該離子交換材料係一陽離子交換材料 或陰離子交換材料。 根據另一進一步實施例，-種用於超級電容器淡化之方 法包括·提供一SCD裝置，該SCD裝置包括一對端子電 :等：ΓΓ端子電極之間的至少一個雙極電極及形成於 该❸而子電極與該至少-個雙極電極之間的複數個室，該 至J-個雙極在其相對表面上安置有一離子交換材料，該 離子交換材㈣-陽離子交換材料或—陰離子交換材料； 將相反極性供應至該等端子電極以於其間產生一電場；將 複數個進料流引人至該等室巾；同時產生—第—室中之至 少-種稀釋溶液及一第二室中之至少一種濃縮溶液；週期 後也反轉至4等端子電極之該等相反極性；及週期性地切 換該等所引入進料流以連續產生該第二室中之該至少一種 稀釋溶液及該第一室中之該至少一種濃縮溶液。 將自結合隨附圖式提供之本發明之實施例的以下實施方 式進一步理解該等及其他優點及特徵。 【實施方式】 本文中將參考隨附圖式闡述本發明之實施例。在以下闡 述中，未詳細闡述眾所周知的功能或構造以避免使本發明 在不必要的細節上難以理解。 圖1根據一個實施例圖解說明一 SCD裝置1〇。SCD裝置1〇 包含一對端子電極12及14以及位於兩個端子電極12與14之 間的一雙極電極16。在根據一個實例之一操作中，兩個端 子電極12及14係供應有藉由一電源（未顯示）供應之相反極 154403.doc •6· 201235307 性以於其間產生—電場。 應注意，術語「端子電極」意指欲與—電源連接在一起 以產生用於水處理之—電場之電極，料限於任-特定結 構術πσ雙極電極」指示在一電場的作用下使其相對表 面經組態㈣收或解吸離子之—龍。雙極電極並不限於 -單個部件’且亦可由串聯電連接之兩個單電極形成。 在圖1之實例中’兩個端子電極12及14中之每—者分別 包含與電源直接鏈接在—起之—集電㈣、22及吸收並解 吸離子之-多孔層24、26。多孔層24、26可係由各種材料 製成’包含（但不限於）碳、活性碳（Ac)、石墨、多孔碳粒 子'碳氣凝膠或其任一組合。在一個實施例中，端子電極 12及14各自進—步包含—離子交換材料。㈣子交換材料 可係-陰離子交換材料或—陽離子交換材料。在—個實施 例中，該離子交換材料經組態以允許一類型帶電離子（陰 離子或陽離子）通過，並阻擋另—類型帶電離子（陽離子或 陰離子）。 ,在-個實例中’該陰離子交換材料允許陰離子通過並阻 擋陽離子，而該陽離子錢㈣允許陽離子通過並阻撐陰 離子。陰離子之實例可包含（但不限於）氣離子、硫酸根離 子、碳酸鹽離子、碳酸氫鹽離子及氫氧離子。陽離子之實 例可包含（但不限於）納離子、辦離子、鎮離子、卸離子及 質子離子。在圖1之實例中，端子電極12及14上之該等離 子交換材料係經組態以允許陰離子通過並阻擋陽離子之陰 離子交換材料28及30。 154403.doc 201235307 根據一個實施例之雙極電極16包含一導電層32、位於導 電層32之相對側上之一對多孔層34及36以及安置於多孔層 34及36之相對表面上之陽離子交換材料38及4〇。導電層32 隔離多孔層34及36且經組態以允許電子自一個多孔層轉移 至另一多孔層並阻撞離子通過。導電層之實例包含（但不 限於）導電聚合物膜、石墨板、金屬膜/板及導電陶瓷膜。 當端子電極12及14中之每一者具有一陽離子交換材料時， 一陰離子交換材料可取代陽離子交換材料38、4〇。 因陽離子或陰離子交換材料28、38、40及30以及電極 12、14及16之有限容量而藉由週期性地反轉相反極性來以 一第一相及一第二相交替操作SCD裝置1 〇。電源可經組態 以自動切換該等相反極性且亦可界定一元件來根據一預定 時間間隔週期性地切換該等相反極性。在此實例中，該第 相與第一相之持續時間相同。可根據許多因素調整該等 持續時間，例如離子交換材料及電極之容量、SCD裝置1〇 之大小及進料流之特性。 參考圖1，在第一相中，電源之一陽極係耦合至端子電 極12，且電源之一陰極係耦合至端子電極14，藉此在SCD 裝置1〇中形成一電場。一第一進料流46流過形成於端子電 極12與雙極電極16之間的一室42，在該電場的作用下，第 一進料流46中之陰離子48經吸引以朝向端子電極12移動且 第一進料流46中之陽離子50經吸引以朝向雙極電極“之一 個表面移動。 根據一個實例，陰離子48被吸收至陰離子交換材料“及 154403.doc 201235307 相關聯多孔層24上，陽離子50被吸收至陽離子交換材料38 及相關聯多孔層34上。當陽離子50及陰離子48離開第—進 料流46從而導致比以前低的濃度時，第—進料流46變成一 稀釋溶液47。在第一進料流46之處理期間，室42在第一相 中充當一稀釋室。此外，在此實例中，有效利用多孔層24 及34以及離子交換材料28及34兩者之能力，此擴展scd裝 置10之應用，例如使得能夠在SCD裝置1〇上施加較高電 流。因此，在某些應用中，SCD裝置1〇係用於處理高總溶 解固體量（TDS)給水。TDS係指所有無機及有機物質的總 置，包含礦物、鹽、金屬、進料流中之陽離子或陰離子。 在第一進料流46之處理期間，一第二進料流6〇係在由端 子電極14及雙極電極16形成之另一室44中單獨處理且變成 自室44排放出來的—濃縮溶液52。在室增，第二進料流 6〇中之陰離子（未顯示）經吸引以朝向雙極電極“之另一表 面(右表面)移動。然後’在此實例中，陽離子交換材料40 阻擋陰離子具有進-步移動。替代地，陽離子交換材料40 或/及多孔層36中之陽離子62在該電場的作用下進入至第 進料流60巾。此外，陽離子62可因陰料交換材料％之 阻擋而根本不進人至端子電極14中以使得陽離㈣留在第 一進料流60中。 另一方面，陰離子交換材料3〇或/及多孔層辦之陰離 ，耗盡且被推出至第二進料流6Q。陰離子Μ及陽離子α 進入至第二進料流60中以形成濃縮溶液52,因此室44在第 一相中充當—濃縮室。 154403.doc 201235307 在一個實施例中，陰離子交換材料28、30及陽離子交換 材料38、40經組態以具有與相關聯多孔層24、34、刊、％ 類似的容量。 自以上闡述可見，充電模式（稀釋）及放電模式（濃縮）同 時共存於單個SCD裝置1〇中，且同時產生稀釋溶液叼及濃 縮溶液52。熟悉此項技術者應理解，SCD裝置丨〇在第二相 中之操作係與在第一相中之操作相反。在第二相中，室42 改變成一濃縮室，且進料流在通過室42之後變成一濃縮溶 液β室44充當用於輸出稀釋溶液之一稀釋室。雖然以第一 相及第二相交替操作SCD裝置1〇，但由於充電模式及放電 模式同時共存於第一相及第二相兩者中，因此可連續產生 稀釋溶液及濃縮溶液β<此外，在第一相中所吸收之離子 可在第一相中釋放，以使得生產效率因無額外時間用於回 收電極之吸收容量而得以改良。 在一個實施例中，SCD裝置10進一步包含如圖】中所示 分別安置於室42及44中之流動間隔層（未顯示）。該等流動 間隔層係組態為電絕緣的且允許離子通過。該等流動間隔 層係用於在該電場的作用下將電極緊固在適當的位置。 在圖1中所示之第一相中，室44係以放電模式操作，且 陽離子62經解吸以進入至第二進料流6〇中。原本與陽離子 62匹配之電子通過導電層32以由以充電模式操作之室42聚 集並重新用於與陽離子5〇匹配。SCD裝置1 〇同時以充電模 式且以放電模式操作’此在不採用任一額外能量回收裝置 之情形下實現原位能量回收。 154403.doc -10- 201235307 應注意’前述及以下實施例中之離子交換材料（例如 28、30、38及40)可呈各種形式，例如層、膜、隔膜及粒 子。舉例而言，離子交換材料28、30、38或40係安置成塗 佈於相關聯電極之表面上之至少一個層。在另一實施例 中，該離子交換材料係安置成至少部分分佈於電極内之複 數個粒子。該等粒子可植入至對應電極中或/及沈積於對 應電極之表面上。在另一實施例中，該離子交換材料係部 分嵌入於電極（例如12、14及16)内且另一部分充當電極 12、14及16之表面上之一隔膜。 在一個實例中，SCD裝置10係用於處理含有約8〇〇百萬 分率（ppm)氣化鈉（NaC丨）之一溶液。該溶液被劃分成兩個 流’ δ玄兩個流充當欲分別被引入至在圖1中所示之第一相 中係稀釋室及濃縮室之室42及44中之第一及第二進料流46 及60。該等流之流速係780 ml每分鐘。在操作中，scd裝 置10係供應有相反極性且藉助在第一相中_丨.25 a達8分鐘 且在第二相中1.25 A達8分鐘之一恆定電流週期性地充電。 指派約30秒用於第一相與第二相之間的切換。在此實例 中’電流係用於控制在一穩定電場中操作之SCd裝置10之 基參數，而電壓係基於該恆定電流量測。在圖2中顯示 SCD裝置1〇在〇至65〇〇秒之間的一充電曲線，且裝置1〇 在此週期期間經歷第一相7次且第二相六次。 提供一量測機構（未顯示）來量測來自室42及44之輸出中 鈉離子（Na+)及氯離子（cr)之濃度。在此量測機構中，使用 導電率來指示溶液濃度。熟悉此項技術者應理解，8〇〇 154403.doc •11· 201235307154403.doc According to a further embodiment, an SCD stack is provided. The 箄sCDi gold 201235307 exchange materials. The ion exchange material is a cation exchange material or an anion exchange material. According to another further embodiment, a method for desalination of a supercapacitor includes: providing an SCD device comprising a pair of terminals: etc.: at least one bipolar electrode between the terminal electrodes and formed on the And a plurality of chambers between the sub-electrode and the at least one bipolar electrode, wherein the J-bipolar electrodes are disposed on an opposite surface thereof with an ion exchange material, the ion exchange material (tetra)-cation exchange material or an anion exchange material; Supplying opposite polarities to the terminal electrodes to generate an electric field therebetween; introducing a plurality of feed streams to the chambers; simultaneously producing at least one dilution solution in the first chamber and a second chamber At least one concentrated solution; also reversed to the opposite polarity of the terminal electrodes of 4; and periodically switching the introduced feed streams to continuously produce the at least one dilute solution in the second chamber and the first The at least one concentrated solution in a chamber. These and other advantages and features will be further understood from the following description of the embodiments of the invention provided herein. [Embodiment] Embodiments of the present invention will be described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the invention in unnecessary detail. Figure 1 illustrates an SCD device 1 according to one embodiment. The SCD device 1A includes a pair of terminal electrodes 12 and 14 and a bipolar electrode 16 between the two terminal electrodes 12 and 14. In operation in accordance with one of the examples, the two terminal electrodes 12 and 14 are supplied with opposite poles 154403.doc • 6· 201235307 supplied by a power source (not shown) to generate an electric field therebetween. It should be noted that the term "terminal electrode" means an electrode to be connected to a power source to generate an electric field for water treatment, which is limited to any-specific structural πσ bipolar electrode" indicating that it is subjected to an electric field. The opposite surface is configured (4) to receive or desorb the ion-long. The bipolar electrodes are not limited to - a single component ' and may also be formed by two single electrodes electrically connected in series. In the example of Fig. 1, 'each of the two terminal electrodes 12 and 14' comprises a direct connection with a power source - collecting (four), 22 and absorbing and desorbing the ion-porous layers 24, 26. The porous layers 24, 26 can be made of various materials including, but not limited to, carbon, activated carbon (Ac), graphite, porous carbon particles, carbon aerogels, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, terminal electrodes 12 and 14 each comprise - an ion exchange material. (iv) Sub-exchange materials may be an anion exchange material or a cation exchange material. In one embodiment, the ion exchange material is configured to allow passage of a type of charged ion (anion or cation) and block another type of charged ion (cation or anion). In an example, the anion exchange material allows the anion to pass through and blocks the cation, while the cationic charge (4) allows the cation to pass through and block the anion. Examples of the anion may include, but are not limited to, a gas ion, a sulfate ion, a carbonate ion, a bicarbonate ion, and a hydroxide ion. Examples of cations can include, but are not limited to, nanoions, ions, town ions, ion ions, and proton ions. In the example of Figure 1, the ion exchange materials on terminal electrodes 12 and 14 are configured to allow anions to pass through and block the cationic anion exchange materials 28 and 30. 154403.doc 201235307 Bipolar electrode 16 according to one embodiment comprises a conductive layer 32, a pair of porous layers 34 and 36 on opposite sides of conductive layer 32, and cation exchange disposed on opposite surfaces of porous layers 34 and 36. Materials 38 and 4〇. Conductive layer 32 isolates porous layers 34 and 36 and is configured to allow electrons to transfer from one porous layer to another and block ions from passing therethrough. Examples of the conductive layer include, but are not limited to, a conductive polymer film, a graphite plate, a metal film/plate, and a conductive ceramic film. When each of the terminal electrodes 12 and 14 has a cation exchange material, an anion exchange material can replace the cation exchange material 38, 4 〇. The SCD device 1 is alternately operated with a first phase and a second phase by periodically reversing the opposite polarity due to the limited capacity of the cation or anion exchange materials 28, 38, 40 and 30 and the electrodes 12, 14 and 16. . The power supply can be configured to automatically switch the opposite polarities and can also define an element to periodically switch the opposite polarities according to a predetermined time interval. In this example, the phase is the same duration as the first phase. These durations can be adjusted based on a number of factors, such as the capacity of the ion exchange material and electrode, the size of the SCD device, and the characteristics of the feed stream. Referring to Fig. 1, in the first phase, one of the anodes of the power source is coupled to the terminal electrode 12, and one of the cathodes of the power source is coupled to the terminal electrode 14, whereby an electric field is formed in the SCD device 1A. A first feed stream 46 flows through a chamber 42 formed between the terminal electrode 12 and the bipolar electrode 16 under which the anion 48 in the first feed stream 46 is attracted to the terminal electrode 12. Moving and the cations 50 in the first feed stream 46 are attracted to move toward one surface of the bipolar electrode. According to one example, the anion 48 is absorbed onto the anion exchange material "and 154403.doc 201235307 associated porous layer 24, The cation 50 is absorbed onto the cation exchange material 38 and the associated porous layer 34. When the cation 50 and the anion 48 leave the first feed stream 46 resulting in a lower concentration than before, the first feed stream 46 becomes a dilute solution 47. During the processing of the first feed stream 46, the chamber 42 acts as a dilution chamber in the first phase. Moreover, in this example, the ability to effectively utilize both porous layers 24 and 34 and ion exchange materials 28 and 34, the application of this extended scd device 10, for example, enables higher currents to be applied to the SCD device 1 . Therefore, in some applications, the SCD device 1 is used to treat high total dissolved solids (TDS) feed water. TDS refers to the total composition of all inorganic and organic materials, including minerals, salts, metals, cations or anions in the feed stream. During the processing of the first feed stream 46, a second feed stream 6 is separately processed in another chamber 44 formed by the terminal electrode 14 and the bipolar electrode 16 and becomes discharged from the chamber 44. The concentrated solution 52 . During chambering, the anion (not shown) in the second feed stream 6〇 is attracted to move toward the other surface (right surface) of the bipolar electrode. Then, in this example, the cation exchange material 40 blocks the anion. The stepwise movement. Alternatively, the cation exchange material 40 or/and the cation 62 in the porous layer 36 enters the first feed stream 60 under the action of the electric field. In addition, the cation 62 may be blocked by the % of the exchange material. There is no entry into the terminal electrode 14 at all to allow the cation (4) to remain in the first feed stream 60. On the other hand, the anion exchange material 3 〇 or / and the porous layer is detached, exhausted and pushed out to The second feed stream 6Q. The anion and the cation a enter the second feed stream 60 to form a concentrated solution 52, such that the chamber 44 acts as a concentrating chamber in the first phase. 154403.doc 201235307 In one embodiment, The anion exchange materials 28, 30 and cation exchange materials 38, 40 are configured to have similar capacities to the associated porous layers 24, 34, s., %. As seen above, charge mode (dilution) and discharge mode (concentration) Coexistence In a single SCD device, both the dilute solution and the concentrated solution 52 are produced. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the operation of the SCD device in the second phase is the reverse of the operation in the first phase. In the second phase, the chamber 42 is changed to a concentrating chamber, and the feed stream becomes a concentrated solution after passing through the chamber 42. The chamber 44 serves as a dilution chamber for outputting a dilute solution. Although the first phase and the second phase are alternately operated. The SCD device is 1 〇, but since the charging mode and the discharging mode coexist in both the first phase and the second phase, the dilute solution and the concentrated solution β< lt can be continuously generated; further, the ions absorbed in the first phase can be The first phase is released such that the production efficiency is improved by the absence of additional time for recovering the absorption capacity of the electrode. In one embodiment, the SCD device 10 further comprises chambers 42 and 44, respectively, as shown in the Figure a flow spacer layer (not shown). The flow spacer layers are configured to be electrically insulating and allow ions to pass through. The flow spacer layers are used to secure the electrodes in place under the action of the electric field. In the first phase shown in Figure 1, chamber 44 is operated in a discharge mode and cation 62 is desorbed to enter second feed stream 6 电子. The electrons originally associated with cation 62 pass through conductive layer 32. The chamber 42 operating in the charging mode is aggregated and reused to match the cation 5 。. The SCD device 1 〇 operates in both the charging mode and the discharging mode. This enables in situ energy without any additional energy recovery device. Recycling 154403.doc -10- 201235307 It should be noted that the ion exchange materials (e.g., 28, 30, 38, and 40) of the foregoing and following examples may be in various forms, such as layers, membranes, membranes, and particles. The ion exchange material 28, 30, 38 or 40 is arranged to be applied to at least one layer on the surface of the associated electrode. In another embodiment, the ion exchange material is disposed as a plurality of particles at least partially distributed within the electrode. The particles can be implanted into the corresponding electrode or/and deposited on the surface of the corresponding electrode. In another embodiment, the ion exchange material is partially embedded within the electrodes (e.g., 12, 14 and 16) and the other portion acts as a separator on the surface of the electrodes 12, 14 and 16. In one example, SCD device 10 is used to treat a solution containing about 8 parts per million (ppm) sodium vaporized (NaC). The solution is divided into two streams' δ 玄 two streams serving as the first and second inputs to be respectively introduced into the chambers 42 and 44 of the first phase intermediate dilution chamber and the concentrating chamber shown in FIG. Streams 46 and 60. The flow rate of the streams is 780 ml per minute. In operation, the scd device 10 is supplied with opposite polarity and is periodically charged by means of a constant current of 1.25 amps for 8 minutes in the first phase and 1.25 amps for 8 minutes in the second phase. Approximately 30 seconds are assigned for switching between the first phase and the second phase. In this example, the current is used to control the base parameters of the SCd device 10 operating in a stable electric field, and the voltage is based on the constant current measurement. A charging curve for the SCD device 1 〇 between 〇 and 65 〇〇 seconds is shown in Figure 2, and the device 1 经历 experiences the first phase 7 times and the second phase six times during this period. A measuring mechanism (not shown) is provided to measure the concentration of sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (cr) from the outputs of chambers 42 and 44. In this measuring mechanism, conductivity is used to indicate the solution concentration. Those familiar with the technology should understand that 8〇〇 154403.doc •11· 201235307
Ppm NaC1溶液之導電率接近於1.6毫西門子每公分 (mS/cm)。來自該量測機構之量測結果顯示，室42及室44 之導電率在第一相中分別係W 5 mS/cm&17禮⑽且在 第二相中係約。圖3顯示來自室^之 輸出之量測結果之一部分，其顯示室42係以充電模式及放 電模式交替地操作。因此，結論是，SCD裝置1〇在整個處 理製程中不斷產生稀釋溶液及濃縮溶液兩者。 易於理解，多於一個雙極電極16可安置於端子電極丨之與 14之間，以使得形成更多室來處理多個進料流以獲得經改 良生產量。在一個實例中’言亥等雙極電極被劃分成兩個群 組》處於第-群組中之雙極電極中之每—者在其相對表面 上安置有一陽離子交換材料。處於第二群組中之雙極電極 中之每一者在其相對表面上安置有一陰離子交換材料。 圖4根據另一實施例圖解說明具有多個雙極電極之一 SCD系統66。SCD系統66包含一 scd裝置（未標示）及用於 將相反極性提供至該SCD裝置之一電源67 ^該裝置包 含一對端子電極68及70、五個雙極電極以及位於端子電極 68及7〇與δ亥等雙極電極之間的六個室72、74、76、78、79 及80。 在圖4中所示之實例中，該等雙極電極包含各自在其相 對表面上安置有一陽離子交換材料（未標示）之三個第一雙 極電極82、84及86以及各自在其相對表面安置有一陰離子 交換材料（未標示）之兩個第二雙極電極88及9(^第一雙極 電極82、84及86以及第二雙極電極肫及㈧係交替地安置於 154403.doc -12- 201235307 端子電極68與70之間。 端子電極68及70可係上文所提及之任何實施例。在一個 實施例中，兩個端子電極68及70在其一個表面上具有一離 子交換材料。應注意，雙極電極的數量影響對端子電極68 及70上陽離子或陰離子交換材料之選擇。舉例而言，若該 等第-與第二雙極電極具有相同數量，則—個端子電極^ 或70具有陽離子交換材料，且另—個端子電極㈣川於其 上具有陰離子交換材料。否則，端子電極68及7〇兩者皆具 有陽離子交換材料或兩者皆具有陰離子交換材料。The conductivity of the Ppm NaC1 solution is close to 1.6 millisiemens per centimeter (mS/cm). The measurement results from the measuring mechanism show that the conductivity of the chamber 42 and the chamber 44 is W 5 mS/cm & 17 (10) in the first phase and is tied in the second phase. Figure 3 shows a portion of the measurement results from the output of the chamber, the display chamber 42 being alternately operated in a charging mode and a discharging mode. Therefore, it was concluded that the SCD device 1 continuously produced both the dilute solution and the concentrated solution throughout the entire processing. It will be readily appreciated that more than one bipolar electrode 16 can be disposed between the terminal electrodes 14 and 14 such that more chambers are formed to process the multiple feed streams for improved throughput. In one example, a bipolar electrode such as Yanhai is divided into two groups, each of which is in the dipole electrode of the first group, and a cation exchange material is disposed on the opposite surface thereof. Each of the bipolar electrodes in the second group is provided with an anion exchange material on its opposite surface. Figure 4 illustrates an SCD system 66 having a plurality of bipolar electrodes in accordance with another embodiment. The SCD system 66 includes a scd device (not shown) and a power supply 67 for supplying opposite polarity to the SCD device. The device includes a pair of terminal electrodes 68 and 70, five bipolar electrodes, and terminal electrodes 68 and 7. Six chambers 72, 74, 76, 78, 79 and 80 between the bipolar electrodes such as δH. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the bipolar electrodes comprise three first bipolar electrodes 82, 84 and 86 each having a cation exchange material (not labeled) disposed on opposite surfaces thereof and each on its opposite surface. Two second bipolar electrodes 88 and 9 are disposed with an anion exchange material (not shown) (the first bipolar electrodes 82, 84 and 86 and the second bipolar electrodes ( and (8) are alternately disposed at 154403.doc - 12- 201235307 Between terminal electrodes 68 and 70. Terminal electrodes 68 and 70 can be any of the embodiments mentioned above. In one embodiment, two terminal electrodes 68 and 70 have an ion exchange on one surface thereof. Materials. It should be noted that the number of bipolar electrodes affects the choice of cation or anion exchange materials on terminal electrodes 68 and 70. For example, if the first and second bipolar electrodes have the same number, then one terminal electrode ^ or 70 has a cation exchange material, and another terminal electrode (four) has an anion exchange material thereon. Otherwise, both terminal electrodes 68 and 7 have a cation exchange material or both have anion exchange Material.
一個 表面上皆具有一陰離子交換材料。第一雙極電極82、84及 86在其相對表面上安置有一陽離子交換材料，而第二雙極 電極88及9G在其相對表面上安置有—陰離子交換材料。當 端子電極68及70如圖4所示供應有相反極性時，室72、％ 在圖4中所示 及79變成稀釋室且室74 、78及80變成濃縮室。換言之，通 過室72、76及79之進料流變成稀釋溶液，且通過室74、78 及80之進料流變成濃縮溶液。 在本文中為便於闡$，將欲稀釋的水界定為一稀釋進料 肌’且將欲濃縮的水界定為一濃縮進料流。參考圖4，來 自個進料槽（未顯不）之三個稀釋進料流92被引入至室 72、76及79中以供處理’且三個濃縮進料流94被引入至室 74、78及8G中以供處理。在處理期間，該等稀釋進料流通 過至72、76及79，#釋進料流92中所含離子（例如氯⑹.) 及納（Na ))在該電場的作用下被吸收至相關聯離子交換材 154403.doc -13· 201235307 料或/及電極上。接著三個稀釋溶液流96自室72、76及79 排放出來。在室74、78及80中，諸如離子交換材料或/及 電極所含氯（Cl·)及鈉（Na+)之離子經耗盡而在該電場的作用 下進入至濃縮進料流94中’從而形成濃縮溶液流98。 該SCD裝置具有與圖丨之8(：£)裝置1〇類似的操作，且亦需 要因電極之谷量限制而藉由週期性地切換來自電源67之相 反極性來在一第一相中及一第二相中交替地工作。圖4顯 示該SCD裝置係以第一相操作，且圖5顯示SCD系統66係以 第二相操作。在根據一個實例之操作期間’稀釋進料流及 濃縮進料流92及94需要隨著第一相與第二相之切換一起切 換。因此’在第二相中’稀釋溶液流96係自室74 ' 78及8〇 排放’而濃縮溶液流98係自室72、76及79排放。使用SCD 系統66 ’連續產生該稀釋溶液及該濃縮溶液。 應指出’包含SCD系統66中之該等端子電極及該等雙極 電極在内的電極可係上文所提及之任何實施例。氣離子 (C1 )及鈉離子（Na+)僅係圖4及5中所示之實例，亦可使用 SCD系統66處理含有其他種類的離子之進料流。 圖6根據另一實施例圖解說明一 scd系統100。SCD系統 100包含一電源102以及兩個SCD堆疊104及106。電源1〇2 經組態以提供一預定電壓或電流以使得SCD堆疊1 〇4及1 〇6 能夠在一電場的作用下操作。易於理解，該Scd系統可根 據生產量要求而包含多於兩個SCD堆疊。在圖6中所示之 實例中’每一 SCD堆疊104、106皆包含在其一個表面具有 離子交換材料116、118、120及122之兩個單電極108、 154403.doc • 14· 201235307 lio、112及114。離子交換材料116、118、12〇及122可係 一陰離子交換材料或一陽離子交換材料。具有相同種類的 離子交換材料之單電極丨⑺、112係電連接在一起，且剩餘 兩個單電極108、114係與電源1〇2之陽極及陰極連接在一 起。在此實例中，單電極1〇8及114在其一個表面上安置有 陰離子交換材料116及122，且單電極11〇及112在其一個表 面上安置有陽離子交換材料118及12〇 ^此外，單電極11〇 與112係串聯連接，且充當端子電極之單電極108及114在 操作期間係分別耗合至電源1 〇2之一陽極及一陰極。 在根據圖6之實例之操作中，SCD堆疊1〇4係處於一充電 模式中，而SCD堆疊1〇6係處於一放電模式中。當進料流 124及126分別通過SCD堆疊1〇4及106時，進料流124中之 陰離子及陽離子（未顯示）在該電場的作用下由陰離子交換 材料116及陽離子交換材料118或/及單電極1〇8、u〇吸收 (充電過程），且接著一稀釋溶液128自scd堆疊1〇4排放出 來。雖然在SCD堆疊1〇6中，陽離子交換材料12〇、陰離子 交換材料122或/及單電極112及114中所含陰離子及陽離子 經耗盡而在該電場的作用下進入至進料流126中（放電過 程）’藉此形成一濃縮溶液13〇。An anion exchange material is present on one surface. The first bipolar electrodes 82, 84 and 86 are provided with a cation exchange material on their opposite surfaces, and the second bipolar electrodes 88 and 9G are provided with an anion exchange material on their opposite surfaces. When the terminal electrodes 68 and 70 are supplied with opposite polarities as shown in Fig. 4, the chambers 72, % are shown in Fig. 4 and 79 become the dilution chamber and the chambers 74, 78 and 80 become the concentrating chamber. In other words, the feed stream through chambers 72, 76, and 79 becomes a dilute solution, and the feed stream through chambers 74, 78, and 80 becomes a concentrated solution. For ease of illustration herein, the water to be diluted is defined as a diluted feed muscle' and the water to be concentrated is defined as a concentrated feed stream. Referring to Figure 4, three dilution feed streams 92 from one feed tank (not shown) are introduced into chambers 72, 76 and 79 for processing ' and three concentrated feed streams 94 are introduced to chamber 74, Used in 78 and 8G for processing. During the treatment, the dilute feed streams pass to 72, 76 and 79, and the ions (e.g., chlorine (6).) and sodium (Na) contained in the release stream 92 are absorbed by the electric field. Ion exchange material 154403.doc -13· 201235307 material or / and electrode. Three dilute solution streams 96 are then discharged from chambers 72, 76 and 79. In chambers 74, 78 and 80, ions such as ion exchange material or/and chlorine (Cl·) and sodium (Na+) contained in the electrode are depleted and enter the concentrated feed stream 94 under the action of the electric field' Thereby a concentrated solution stream 98 is formed. The SCD device has an operation similar to that of the 8 (:£) device, and also requires periodic switching of the opposite polarity from the power source 67 in a first phase due to the valley limit of the electrode. Alternately working in a second phase. Figure 4 shows that the SCD device operates in a first phase, and Figure 5 shows that the SCD system 66 operates in a second phase. The dilution of the feed stream and the concentrated feed streams 92 and 94 during the operation according to one example need to be switched along with the switching of the first phase and the second phase. Thus, in the second phase, the dilute solution stream 96 is discharged from chambers 74'78 and 8' and the concentrated solution stream 98 is discharged from chambers 72, 76 and 79. The diluted solution and the concentrated solution are continuously produced using the SCD system 66'. It should be noted that the electrodes comprising the terminal electrodes and the bipolar electrodes in the SCD system 66 can be any of the embodiments mentioned above. The gas ions (C1) and sodium ions (Na+) are only examples of those shown in Figures 4 and 5, and the SCD system 66 can also be used to treat feed streams containing other types of ions. FIG. 6 illustrates a scd system 100 in accordance with another embodiment. The SCD system 100 includes a power source 102 and two SCD stacks 104 and 106. The power supply 1〇2 is configured to provide a predetermined voltage or current to enable the SCD stacks 1 〇 4 and 1 〇 6 to operate under the influence of an electric field. It is easy to understand that the Scd system can contain more than two SCD stacks depending on throughput requirements. In the example shown in FIG. 6, 'each SCD stack 104, 106 includes two single electrodes 108, 154403.doc • 14·201235307 lio having ion exchange materials 116, 118, 120 and 122 on one surface thereof, 112 and 114. The ion exchange materials 116, 118, 12A and 122 can be an anion exchange material or a cation exchange material. The single electrode crucibles (7) and 112 having the same kind of ion exchange material are electrically connected together, and the remaining two single electrodes 108, 114 are connected to the anode and cathode of the power source 1〇2. In this example, the single electrodes 1 〇 8 and 114 are provided with anion exchange materials 116 and 122 on one surface thereof, and the single electrodes 11 〇 and 112 are provided with cation exchange materials 118 and 12 on one surface thereof, The single electrodes 11A and 112 are connected in series, and the single electrodes 108 and 114 serving as terminal electrodes are respectively consumed to one of the anodes and one cathode of the power source 1 〇2 during operation. In the operation according to the example of Fig. 6, the SCD stack 1〇4 is in a charging mode, and the SCD stack 1〇6 is in a discharging mode. When feed streams 124 and 126 pass through SCD stacks 1 and 4, respectively, anions and cations (not shown) in feed stream 124 are subjected to an electric field by anion exchange material 116 and cation exchange material 118 or/and The single electrode 1〇8, u〇 is absorbed (charging process), and then a dilute solution 128 is discharged from the scd stack 1〇4. Although in the SCD stack 1 〇 6, the anion and cation contained in the cation exchange material 12, the anion exchange material 122 or/and the single electrodes 112 and 114 are depleted and enter the feed stream 126 under the action of the electric field. (Discharge process) ' Thereby a concentrated solution 13 形成 is formed.
當陰離子父換材料116、陽離子交換材料118或/及單電 極108及110飽和或近飽和時，反轉相反極性以使得scD系 統100能夠在與前一電場相反的一新電場的作用下操作。 此時，進料流124及126係根據極性之反轉切換。因此，稀 釋溶液128自SCD堆疊1〇6排放出來，而濃縮溶液13〇自SCD 154403.doc -15- 201235307 堆疊104排放出來。 在SCD系統1〇〇中，纟電及充電模式同時共存於整個處 理製程中，因此，連續產生稀釋溶液128及濃縮溶液13〇兩 者，只要根據相反極性的反轉切換進料流即可。 參考圖6，如上文所提及，放電及充電模式係組合於單 個SCD系統1〇〇中。在堆疊1〇6之放電模式中，在一個實例 中，單電極112中所含離子經耗盡而進入至進料流126中， 而與該等離子匹配之電子經由導電連接轉移至SCD堆疊 104之單電極11〇中。SCD系統1〇〇藉由一單個系統中之能 量再生來減少總體能量消耗。 在一個實施例中’ SCD系統1〇〇具有連接在一起之多於 兩個SCD堆疊以滿足實際應用。>每一 SCD堆疊具有與scd 堆疊104及1〇6中之任一者類似的組態。在此實例中，毗鄰 對單電極（例如110及112)係經由導線或其他種類的電氣元 件電連接。 在一個實施例中，每一SCD堆疊進一步包含位於單電極 108、110、112與114之間的至少一個雙極電極，從而在一 個SCD堆疊中形成複數個室。在另一實施例中，該等雙極 電極中之每一者在其相對表面上安置有一離子交換材料。 在一進一步實施例中，具有多於一個室之SCD堆疊可組態 為SCD裝置（例如圖1中之及圖4中之66)之上文所提及之 實施例中之任一者。 在某些應用中’至少一個SCD堆疊經組態以具有至少一 個雙極電極。該至少一個雙極電極在其一個表面上具有一 154403.doc -16- 201235307 陽離子交換材料且在其另一表面上具有一降 力仏離子交換材 料。藉助此種組態，一個SCD堆疊中之室皆處於放電模式 或充電模式中。 ^ 應注意，在本文中用於修飾不可數術語之「— (a) j 及 「一（an)」意欲專門指示該術語係在獨立段落中第一次提 及而非限制該術語之數量。 雖然在本文中僅已圖解說明並闡述了本發明之某些特 徵，但熟習此項技術者將想出許多修改及改變。因此，應 理解’隨附申請專利範圍意欲涵蓋歸屬於本發明之真正精 神内之所有此等修改及該等。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係根據一個實施例之一 SCD裝置之一示意圖； 圖2係根據另一實施例之一 SCD裝置在操作期間在〇至 6500秒之間的一充電曲線； 圖3係來自圖2之SCD裝置中之一室之一輸出在〇至65 〇〇 秒之間的一導電率曲線； 圖4係在一個實施例中處於一第一相中之一 scd系統之 一示意圖； 圖5係處於第二相中之圖4之scd系統之一示意圖；及 圖6係另一實施例中之一 scd系統之一示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10 超級電容器淡化裝置 12 端子電極 14 端子電極 154403.doc 17 201235307 16 雙極電極 20 集電器 22 集電器 24 多孔層 26 多孔層 28 陰離子交換材料 30 陰離子交換材料 32 導電層 34 多孔層 36 多孔層 38 陽離子交換材料 40 陽離子交換材料 42 室 44 室 46 第一進料流 47 稀釋溶液 48 陰離子 50 陽離子 52 濃縮溶液 60 第二進料流 62 陽離子 64 陰離子 66 超級電容器淡化系統 67 電源 154403.doc • 18 · 201235307 68 端子電極 70 端子電極 82 第一雙極電極 84 第一雙極電極 86 第一雙極電極 88 第二雙極電極 90 第二雙極電極 92 稀釋進料流 94 濃縮進料流 96 稀釋溶液流 98 濃縮溶液流 100 超級電容器淡化系統 102 電源 104 超級電容器淡化堆疊 106 超級電容器淡化堆疊 108 早電極 110 單電極 112 單電極 114 單電極 116 陰離子交換材料 118 陽離子交換材料 120 陽離子交換材料 122 陰離子交換材料 124 進料流 154403.doc -19- 201235307 126 128 130 進料流 稀釋溶液 濃縮溶液 154403.docWhen the anion parent exchange material 116, the cation exchange material 118, or/and the single electrodes 108 and 110 are saturated or nearly saturated, the opposite polarity is reversed to enable the scD system 100 to operate under the action of a new electric field opposite the previous electric field. At this point, feed streams 124 and 126 are switched based on the inverse of the polarity. Thus, the dilute solution 128 is discharged from the SCD stack 1〇6, while the concentrated solution 13〇 is discharged from the SCD 154403.doc -15-201235307 stack 104. In the SCD system, the electric current and the charging mode coexist in the entire processing process at the same time. Therefore, the dilute solution 128 and the concentrated solution 13 are continuously produced, and the feed flow can be switched according to the reverse of the opposite polarity. Referring to Figure 6, as mentioned above, the discharge and charge modes are combined in a single SCD system. In the discharge mode of stacks 1-6, in one example, the ions contained in the single electrode 112 are depleted into the feed stream 126, and the electrons that match the plasma are transferred to the SCD stack 104 via the conductive connections. Single electrode 11 〇. The SCD system 1 reduces overall energy consumption by energy regeneration in a single system. In one embodiment, the 'SCD system 1' has more than two SCD stacks connected together to meet practical applications. > Each SCD stack has a configuration similar to either of the scd stacks 104 and 1-6. In this example, adjacent pairs of single electrodes (e.g., 110 and 112) are electrically connected via wires or other types of electrical components. In one embodiment, each SCD stack further includes at least one bipolar electrode between the single electrodes 108, 110, 112 and 114 to form a plurality of chambers in a single SCD stack. In another embodiment, each of the bipolar electrodes is provided with an ion exchange material on its opposite surface. In a further embodiment, an SCD stack having more than one chamber can be configured as any of the above-mentioned embodiments of an SCD device (e.g., in Figure 1 and 66 in Figure 4). In some applications, at least one SCD stack is configured to have at least one bipolar electrode. The at least one bipolar electrode has a 154403.doc -16 - 201235307 cation exchange material on one surface thereof and a lower pressure 仏 ion exchange material on the other surface thereof. With this configuration, the chambers in an SCD stack are in either the discharge mode or the charging mode. ^ It should be noted that "- (a) j and "an" used to modify uncountable terms in this document are intended to specifically indicate that the term is first mentioned in a separate paragraph and does not limit the number of terms. While only certain features of the invention have been shown and described herein, many modifications and changes will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it is to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one of the SCD devices according to one embodiment; FIG. 2 is a charging curve of the SCD device between 〇 and 6500 seconds during operation according to another embodiment; A conductivity curve from one of the chambers of the SCD device of FIG. 2 is outputted between 〇 and 65 〇〇 seconds; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of one of the scd systems in a first phase in one embodiment. Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of one of the scd systems of Figure 4 in a second phase; and Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of one of the scd systems of another embodiment. [Main component symbol description] 10 Supercapacitor desalination device 12 Terminal electrode 14 Terminal electrode 154403.doc 17 201235307 16 Bipolar electrode 20 Current collector 22 Current collector 24 Porous layer 26 Porous layer 28 Anion exchange material 30 Anion exchange material 32 Conductive layer 34 Porous layer 36 Porous layer 38 Cation exchange material 40 Cation exchange material 42 Chamber 44 Chamber 46 First feed stream 47 Dilution solution 48 Anion 50 Cation 52 Concentrated solution 60 Second feed stream 62 Cation 64 Anion 66 Supercapacitor desalination system 67 Power 154403.doc • 18 · 201235307 68 Terminal electrode 70 Terminal electrode 82 First bipolar electrode 84 First bipolar electrode 86 First bipolar electrode 88 Second bipolar electrode 90 Second bipolar electrode 92 Dilution feed stream 94 Concentrate Feed Stream 96 Diluted Solution Stream 98 Concentrated Solution Stream 100 Supercapacitor Desalination System 102 Power Supply 104 Supercapacitor Desalination Stack 106 Supercapacitor Desalination Stack 108 Early Electrode 110 Single Electrode 112 Single Electrode 114 Single Electrode 116 Anion Exchange Material 118 Cation 120 cation exchange material, anion exchange material 122 exchange material feed stream 124 154403.doc -19- 201235307 126 128 130 feed stream solution was diluted solution was concentrated 154403.doc