201230617 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明有關於一種同步發電機，且特別是有關於徑向 磁通型之多極永磁同步發電機。 【先前技術】 磁電動機而言，會影響其在速度控制系統甲的低速性能與 在位置控制系統中的高精度定位；對永磁發電機而言，以、 小型永磁風力發電機為例，則大大影響了使葉片旋轉的始 動風速’因此小财韻力發f機設計的基 量與低頓轉轉矩。 曙 永磁電機的轉子有一種沿著某一特定方向與定子對齊 的趨勢，由此該趨勢會產生一種振盪轉矩，稱為齒槽轉矩 或頓轉轉矩（cogging torque)。由於頓轉轉矩的存在，對永 目前垂直型風車之發電機大多採用軸向磁ii —201230617 VI. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a synchronous generator, and more particularly to a radial flux type multi-pole permanent magnet synchronous generator. [Prior Art] In the case of a magnetic motor, it affects its low-speed performance in the speed control system A and high-precision positioning in the position control system; for a permanent magnet generator, a small permanent magnet wind turbine is taken as an example. Then it greatly affects the starting wind speed of the blade rotation. Therefore, the base amount and the low torque of the design of the small financial system are designed.转子 The rotor of a permanent magnet motor has a tendency to align with the stator in a certain direction, and this trend produces an oscillating torque called cogging torque or cogging torque. Due to the existence of the torque, the generators of the current vertical windmills mostly use axial magnetic ii.
本發明實施例係在提供 影響電機之起動性能及 【發明内容】 種永磁同步發電機，俾能當 201230617 風車轉動時可帶動容置於風車令的永磁同步發電麵動用 以發電。 本七明η她例係在提供—種永磁同步發電機，俾能降 低驅動所需之電流數值，且當其中之—繞組故障時，另一 繞組仍可正常運作，輯續麵車驅祕發電機轉動。Embodiments of the present invention provide a permanent magnet synchronous generator that affects the starting performance of the motor and [invention]. When the windmill rotates in 201230617, the permanent magnet synchronous power generating surface of the windmill can be driven to generate electricity. Ben Qiming η is based on the provision of a permanent magnet synchronous generator, which can reduce the current value required for driving, and when the winding is faulty, the other winding can still operate normally. The generator turns.
本發明貫施例係關於-種多極永磁同步發電機，其係 匕括有.&子’ 5亥疋子係由—石夕鋼片繞線圈所構成，且該 疋子更係包括有複數個繞線齒槽；以及一轉子，容置於該 定子中，其外部圓周係包括有複數空槽，係對應設置二第 -磁石及-第二磁石’其中該第—磁石及該第二磁石係呈 斜列排列，且該排列的機械角度由三百六十度除以槽 極數的最小公倍數再除以二來得到。 μ 本發明實施例係進-步關於一種多極永磁同步發電機 ，其係包括有：-定子，該定子係由—賴片繞線圈所構成 ，且該定子更係包括有複數個繞線齒槽；以及—轉子，容 置於該定子巾，其外周係包括有魏空槽對應: : = 第二磁石’其中該_繞線圈為雙： 序目之、纟σ構互相接線。 本發明的實施例可以藉由轉子磁石斜列 :功效，並可在雙三相的架構下增進永磁同步電機= 為使能更進一步瞭解本發明之特徵及技術 咬办 閱以下有關本發明之詳細說明與附圖，但是此〜=。月麥 附圖式僅係用來說明本發明，而非對本發 ^兒月與所 任何的限制。 、推利範圍作 【實施方式】 5/12 201230617 在本案的一實施例中，採用斜槽式或增加槽極數比的 結構，以減少頓轉矩。雙三相永磁同步電機的磁石佈置及 幾何結構可以改進電機的轉矩漣波及頓轉轉矩。本案提出 磁石斜列佈置及幾何結構，以提咼反電勢電壓及降^反電 勢相電壓的總譜波失真率，並提出其幾何尺寸的規則性， 對於適用於弦波電流操作下，以減少轉矩漣波成份，降低 抖動及噪音。 在本案的一實施例中，使用雙三相繞組的接線，不僅 可以減少繞組並聯環流及功率轉換器容量分散，使其易於 散熱。在運轉時，當其中一組繞組故障時，另一組繞組方 月&減載而繼續運轉以提高系統可靠度，對於國内電機製作 技術將有助益。 < 此多極永磁同步發電機原始先設定以72槽為主，而可 搭配的極數有60極、66極、78極、84極。初θ步以有限元 素分析軟體作分析，找出最佳尺寸，較佳的，以78極 作目標。 ' 凊麥照圖1，圖1係為本案之多極永磁同步發電機 之應用實施例爆炸圖。本發明多極永磁同步發電機100係 包括：軸10卜轉子1〇3、外殼丨02、定子1〇4 ;其中，轉 子103包含轉子矽鋼片132、轉子磁石131 ;而定子1〇4包 含定子繞組141、定子矽鋼片142。定子單元1〇4係將轉 1〇3包圍於其中，而轉子103即由轴1〇1所帶動，即構成業 界所謂之「_式架構」’其詳細之連結關係為業界所熟知 在此不再詳細贅述。而在定子繞組141接線部份為雙三相 繞組，其為有兩組三相繞組，三相繞線之各相間相差12〇 度電機角，兩組三相繞組間相差〇度電機角。此具有六相 6/12 201230617 之馬達繞組法互相接線係用於形成包含A1、B1、C1三相 之第一繞組及包含A2、B2、C2三相之第二繞組，所以當 這兩個繞組之其中一組(如第一繞組)故障時，另一繞組(如 第二繞組)仍可正常運作，以持續驅動本發明之永磁同步機 被設置之轉子轉動，而不至於完全無法運作，使得前述之 風車整個被鎖死卡住而無法轉動。The embodiment of the present invention relates to a multi-pole permanent magnet synchronous generator, which is composed of a & ' 子 5 疋 疋 5 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石 石a plurality of winding slots; and a rotor housed in the stator, the outer circumference of the stator includes a plurality of slots, corresponding to the two magnets - a magnet and a second magnet - wherein the magnet and the first The two magnets are arranged in a diagonal arrangement, and the mechanical angle of the arrangement is obtained by dividing three hundred and sixty degrees by the least common multiple of the number of slots and dividing by two. The embodiment of the present invention relates to a multi-pole permanent magnet synchronous generator, comprising: a stator, the stator is composed of a winding coil, and the stator further includes a plurality of windings. a cogging; and a rotor, which is accommodated in the stator towel, and the outer periphery thereof includes a Weikong groove corresponding to: : = a second magnet 'where the _ winding is double: the order of the 纟 构 structure is interconnected. Embodiments of the present invention can be enhanced by rotor magnetism: efficiency, and can be used in a two-phase three-phase architecture to enhance the permanent magnet synchronous motor = to enable a better understanding of the features and techniques of the present invention. Detailed description and drawings, but this ~=. The present invention is only intended to illustrate the invention, and is not intended to be limiting. [Invention] 5/12 201230617 In an embodiment of the present invention, a chute type or a structure in which a slot ratio is increased to reduce the torque. The magnet arrangement and geometry of the two-phase three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor can improve the torque ripple and the torque of the motor. In this case, the oblique arrangement and geometry of the magnet are proposed to improve the total spectral distortion rate of the back EMF voltage and the counter-electromotive phase voltage, and the regularity of the geometrical dimensions is proposed, which is suitable for the sine wave current operation to reduce Torque chopping components reduce jitter and noise. In an embodiment of the present invention, the use of the wiring of the two-phase windings not only reduces the parallel circulating current of the windings but also disperses the power converter capacity, making it easy to dissipate heat. In operation, when one of the windings fails, the other windings continue to operate with reduced load to improve system reliability, which will be helpful for domestic motor manufacturing technology. < This multi-pole permanent magnet synchronous generator was originally set to 72 slots, and the number of poles that can be matched is 60 poles, 66 poles, 78 poles, and 84 poles. The initial θ step is analyzed by the finite element analysis software to find the optimal size, and preferably, the 78 pole is the target. 'Buckwheat according to Figure 1, Figure 1 is an exploded view of the application example of the multi-pole permanent magnet synchronous generator of this case. The multi-pole permanent magnet synchronous generator 100 of the present invention comprises: a shaft 10 rotor 1〇3, a casing 丨02, and a stator 1〇4; wherein the rotor 103 includes a rotor silicon plate 132 and a rotor magnet 131; and the stator 1〇4 includes Stator winding 141, stator silicon steel sheet 142. The stator unit 1〇4 surrounds the turn 1〇3, and the rotor 103 is driven by the shaft 1〇1, which constitutes the so-called “_-style structure” in the industry. The detailed connection relationship is well known in the industry. More details will be described. The wiring part of the stator winding 141 is a two-phase three-phase winding, which has two sets of three-phase windings, and the phases of the three-phase windings are different by 12 电机 motor angle, and the two sets of three-phase windings are different from each other. The motor winding method with six-phase 6/12 201230617 is used to form a first winding comprising three phases of A1, B1, C1 and a second winding comprising three phases of A2, B2, C2, so when the two windings When one of the groups (such as the first winding) fails, the other winding (such as the second winding) can still operate normally to continuously drive the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous machine of the present invention to be rotated without being completely inoperable. The aforementioned windmill is completely locked and cannot be rotated.
请麥照圖2，圖2係為本案之多極永磁同步發電機2〇〇 之轉子及定子的應用實施例之部份剖面圖。定子繞組242 係由定子矽鋼片241繞線圈所構成，且定子更係包括槽與 槽間具有一槽齒，有複數個繞線齒槽。轉子矽鋼片231其 外部圓週係有複數空槽’係對應設置磁石232，磁石232的 排列稍後會介紹。需注意的是，構成磁石232的磁石材料 可包括但不限於：可為鐵氧體(Cemmie)、鋪糾編⑽、 古 KSamarium-Cobalt)或 |女鐵蝴(Neodymium-Iron-Boron)等 其J之一，在一較佳的實施例中，磁石232採用鈦鐵绷稀 土頒之永磁材枓，具有良好的磁化曲線、高剩磁密度及高 橋頌力等優點’但本發明*以此為限。Please refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an application example of the rotor and stator of the multipole permanent magnet synchronous generator 2〇〇 of the present invention. The stator winding 242 is formed by a stator steel piece 241 around the coil, and the stator further includes a groove between the groove and the groove, and a plurality of winding slots. The outer surface of the rotor silicon steel sheet 231 is provided with a plurality of empty grooves </ RTI> corresponding to the magnet 232, and the arrangement of the magnet 232 will be described later. It should be noted that the magnet material constituting the magnet 232 may include, but is not limited to, a ferrite (Cemmie), a tile (10), an ancient KSamarium-Cobalt) or a female iron butterfly (Neodymium-Iron-Boron). One of the J, in a preferred embodiment, the magnet 232 is made of a permanent magnet of ferrotitanium, which has a good magnetization curve, high remanence density and high bridging force, but the present invention Limited.
本木之多極永磁同步發電機1〇〇的槽開口影響到頓轉 轉矩為了降低頓轉轉矩，改善電壓諧波含量，使用改變 ^石的尺寸及斜槽。而本發明搭配改善_轉矩方式為在 做斜列’如圖3所示，提高了電機運轉平滑度 性能。圖3包含一插夕上 Λ 里夕極水磁同步發電機之轉子300，其外 ㈣子_片132圓周係對應設置一第一磁石3瓜及一第 —磁石332b，並Φ笛 u /、T弟一磁石332a及第二磁石332b呈斜列 排列。 J 第一磁石 332a及第二磁石 332b呈近似斜歹,j 7/12 201230617 (approximately skew)步階磁石的方式時，、 及第二磁石332b間的機械角度可由三百丄 磁石332a 極數的最小公倍數再除以二來得到二十度除以槽數和 所示。 石之結構如圖3 也就是說，以本案的發電機而言，♦ 為72槽78極時，代入以上公式可田^數與極數分別 0.1923度機械角。 于，J機械角度為 為進-步了解本案優於先前技藝處 同步各如下表. 磁The slot opening of the multi-pole permanent magnet synchronous generator of this wood affects the torque. In order to reduce the torque and improve the voltage harmonic content, the size and chute of the stone are changed. However, the collocation improvement of the present invention _ the torque mode is as shown in Fig. 3, which improves the smoothness performance of the motor. Fig. 3 includes a rotor 300 of a celestial pole water magnetic synchronous generator, and a circumference of the outer (four) sub-piece 132 is correspondingly provided with a first magnet 3 and a first magnet 332b, and Φ flute u /, The T-one magnet 332a and the second magnet 332b are arranged in a diagonal arrangement. J first magnet 332a and second magnet 332b are approximately oblique, j 7/12 201230617 (approximately skew) step magnet, and the mechanical angle between the second magnet 332b may be three hundred magnets 332a pole number The least common multiple is divided by two to get twenty degrees divided by the number of slots and shown. The structure of the stone is shown in Fig. 3. That is to say, in the case of the generator of the present case, when the ♦ is 72 slots and 78 poles, the above formula can be substituted into the mechanical angle of 0.1923 degrees and the number of poles respectively. Yu, J mechanical angle is for the step-by-step understanding of this case is better than the previous technical department. The following tables are synchronized.
4S$j(wY - α：--- 槽數( 千瓦月之額定功率已由習知的3千瓦提升至10 >率仍忐維持在95%的高檔區。 if之係a關於柄明之雙三相繞組的進—步說明圖。前 ί第接線方法係從第1槽開始，將分別被缠繞 2= 、49〜52㈣之線圈依賴線。此外 ^ 9Μ2?|\ tTJeTTsj HI 5 =rr·二:::= 第5〜8槽、第29~32槽'第㈣槽内之線圈依序接線 8/12 201230617 ，圖4的繞線組容置槽以括號表示，如第一槽的繞線組纏 繞為（〗），其餘依此類推。 另一方面’亦如圖4所示’前述之A2相繞線的接線方 法係從第13槽開始，將分別被纏繞於第13〜16槽、第37〜40 槽、第61〜64槽内之線圈依序接線。此外，B2相繞線的接 線方式係從第21槽開始，將分別被纏繞於第21〜24槽、第 45〜48槽 '第69〜72槽内之線圈依序接線，C2相繞線的接 線方式則從第17槽開始，將分別被纏繞於第17〜20槽、第 41〜44槽、第65〜68槽内之線圈依序接線。 單三相或單六相繞線的接線方法可由以上方法類比推 導而得，在此不再贅述。 除此之外，從圖4中可看出，第一繞組A1〜C1盥第二 繞組A2〜C2係互相獨立，所以—旦其卜組繞組(如第—诗 =文障：，另一繞組(如第二繞組)仍可正常運作 ； = 轉動’使得本發明之永磁同步 '了：度大巾田“。也由於前述之具有三相、六相、· 二相之％組法，本發明之模組繞組 又 環流可被減低，而其功率轉換器容量生的並聯 免，使本發明之電機胃於散熱。 相縣亦可被避 以上所述僅為本發明之實施例 明之專利範圍。 ’非用以侷限本發 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係為本發明之多極永磁同步 爆炸圖。 Λ电城之應用實施例 圖2係為本發明之多極永磁同步發 的應用實施例之部份刮面圖。 Χ 電機 之轉子及定子 9/12 201230617 圖3係為本發明之一種多極永磁同步發電機的轉子應 用實施例之部份放大側視圖。 圖4係關於本發明之雙三相繞組的說明圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 發電機 101 軸 102 外殼 103 轉子 104 定子 132 轉子矽鋼片 131 轉子磁石 141 定子繞組 142 定子矽鋼片 200 發電機 231 轉子矽鋼片 241 定子矽鋼片 242 定子繞組 232 磁石 300 轉子 332a/b 磁石 10/124S$j(wY - α:--- Number of slots (the rated power of kilowatts has been increased from the conventional 3 kW to 10 gt; the rate is still maintained at 95% of the high-end zone. If the system a about the handle of the double The step-by-step diagram of the three-phase winding. The first wiring method starts from the first slot and will be wound around the coil dependent line of 2=, 49~52 (4). In addition, ^ 9Μ2?|\ tTJeTTsj HI 5 =rr· 2:::= The coils in the 5th to 8th slots and the 29th to 32th slots in the (4th) slot are sequentially wired 8/12 201230617. The winding group receiving slots in Fig. 4 are indicated by brackets, such as the winding of the first slot. The wire group is wound into (〗), and so on. On the other hand, 'as shown in Fig. 4', the wiring method of the A2 phase winding mentioned above starts from the 13th slot and will be wound in the 13th to 16th slots respectively. The coils in the 37th to 40th slots and the 61st to 64th slots are sequentially connected. In addition, the wiring of the B2 phase winding is started from the 21st slot and will be wound around the 21st to 24th slots, 45th to 48th, respectively. The coils in the slots '69 to 72 are sequentially connected, and the wiring method of the C2 phase winding is from the 17th slot, and will be wound around the 17th to 20th slots, the 41st to 44th slots, and the 65th to 68th slots. The inner coils are connected in sequence The wiring method of the single three-phase or single six-phase winding can be derived from the analogy of the above methods, and will not be described here. In addition, as can be seen from FIG. 4, the first windings A1 to C1 盥 the second winding A2~C2 are independent of each other, so the windings of the group (such as the first poem: the other winding (such as the second winding) can still operate normally; = turning 'the permanent magnet of the present invention is synchronized' :大大巾田". Also due to the aforementioned three-phase, six-phase, two-phase % group method, the module winding of the present invention can be reduced in circulation, and the power converter capacity is paralleled, so that The motor of the present invention is heat-dissipating. The county can also be avoided as described above only for the scope of the patents of the embodiments of the present invention. 'Not for limitation of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a multi-pole of the present invention. Permanent magnet synchronous explosion diagram. Application example of Λ电城 Figure 2 is a partial squeegee view of the application embodiment of the multi-pole permanent magnet synchronous ray of the present invention. 转子 Motor rotor and stator 9/12 201230617 Figure 3 Rotor application example of a multi-pole permanent magnet synchronous generator of the present invention Figure 4 is an explanatory view of the double three-phase winding of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 100 Generator 101 Axis 102 Housing 103 Rotor 104 Stator 132 Rotor steel plate 131 Rotor magnet 141 Stator winding 142 Stator矽Steel sheet 200 Generator 231 Rotor 矽 steel sheet 241 Stator 矽 steel sheet 242 Stator winding 232 Magnet 300 Rotor 332a/b Magnet 10/12