201224289 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一種壓縮機之監控方法，且特別是有 關於一種多級壓縮機（multi-stage compressor)之線上監控 方法。 【先前技術】 壓縮機係一種將外加能量轉換為壓力能的裝置，其操 • 作原理係利用外加能量來壓縮氣體的體積，以提升氣體之 壓力。然，隨著氣體壓力的增加，其溫度也會隨之上升。 而氣體的溫度愈高，除了需要更多的外加能量外，也需提 高壓縮機之硬體的耐熱應力需求。如此，將導致壓縮機之 製作與操作成本的大幅增加。 因此，為了達到所需之目標壓力，而使單級壓縮機之 出口溫度過高時，通常必須採用分級壓縮的方式。亦即， 氣體先透過級間冷卻器（Intercooler)降低溫度，再進入下一 • 級之壓縮機内進行壓縮。當氣體進入壓縮機之溫度高及/或 壓力低時，壓縮機之效率會降低。根據熱力學原理，可利 用壓縮機之氣體入口和出口壓力與溫度，來計算等熵 (isentropic)或多變（polytropic)效率，藉此可得知壓縮機之運 轉效率。 目前，監控多級壓縮機之運轉狀態的方法，通常僅考 慮等熵效率，或者藉由分析壓縮機之振動頻率的方式。其 中，當壓縮機有異常時，壓縮機之振動頻率會變高，且振 ' 動位移會變大。 201224289 然而，無論是利用等熵效率，或者是分析壓縮機之振 動頻率的方式，均無法有效地監控多級壓縮機中各級壓縮 機之真實運作狀態。因此，亟需一種可有效監控多級壓縮 機之運作的方法。 【發明内容】 因此，本發明之一態樣就是在提供一種多級壓縮機之 線上監控方法，其藉由同時監控各級壓縮機之壓縮效率與 其級間冷卻器之換熱效率的方式，來線上監控多級壓縮機 之運轉狀態。故，可及早發現多級壓縮機的操作異常、降 低操作變異、穩定操作，進而可達到節省電能的目的。 根據本發明之上述目的，提出一種多級壓縮機之線上 監控方法。其中，此多級壓縮機包含複數個壓縮機以及至 少一冷卻器，此至少一冷卻器分別設置在相鄰之壓縮機之 間。此多級壓縮機之線上監控方法包含下列步驟。利用一 中央處理器進行一資料擷取步驟，以擷取前述壓縮機之氣 體入口與出口的壓力和溫度、與氣體流量，以及冷卻器之 氣體與冷卻水之入口與出口的溫度、和冷卻水流量及/或氣 體流量。利用壓縮機之氣體入口與出口的壓力和溫度，計 算每一壓縮機之壓縮效率，其中每一壓縮機具有對應之基 準壓縮效率。利用冷卻器之氣體與冷卻水之入口與出口的 溫度、和冷卻水流量及/或氣體流量，計算每一冷卻器之換 熱效率，其中每一冷卻器具有對應之基準換熱效率。進行 第一判斷步驟，以判斷每一冷卻器之換熱效率與對應之基 準換熱效率之間的第一比例是否落在第一預設比例範圍 201224289 中。進行第二判斷步驟，以判斷每一壓縮機之壓縮效率與 對應之基準壓縮效率之間的第二比例是否落在第二預設比 例範圍中。當第一判斷步驟及/或第二判斷步驟之結果為否 時，對多級壓縮機進行一檢查步驟或一控制步驟，以檢查 多級壓縮機之異常或控制多級壓縮機之運轉。 依據本發明之一實施例，在上述之方法中，當上述第 一比例之一者並未落在第一預設比例範圍中時對這些第 一比例之該者所對應之冷卻器進行檢查步驟。201224289 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a method of monitoring a compressor, and more particularly to an on-line monitoring method for a multi-stage compressor. [Prior Art] A compressor is a device that converts applied energy into pressure energy, and its operating principle uses external energy to compress the volume of the gas to increase the pressure of the gas. However, as the gas pressure increases, its temperature also rises. The higher the temperature of the gas, in addition to the need for more applied energy, the need to increase the thermal stress resistance of the hard body of the compressor. As such, it will result in a substantial increase in the cost of manufacturing and operating the compressor. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired target pressure and to make the outlet temperature of the single-stage compressor too high, it is usually necessary to adopt a stepwise compression method. That is, the gas is first passed through an intercooler to reduce the temperature and then to the next stage compressor for compression. When the temperature at which the gas enters the compressor is high and/or the pressure is low, the efficiency of the compressor is reduced. According to the thermodynamic principle, the isentropic or polytropic efficiency can be calculated by using the gas inlet and outlet pressures and temperatures of the compressor, thereby knowing the operating efficiency of the compressor. Currently, methods for monitoring the operating state of a multi-stage compressor typically only consider isentropic efficiency, or by analyzing the vibration frequency of the compressor. Among them, when the compressor is abnormal, the vibration frequency of the compressor will become high, and the vibration displacement will become large. 201224289 However, whether the isentropic efficiency or the vibration frequency of the compressor is analyzed, the actual operating state of the compressors in the multi-stage compressor cannot be effectively monitored. Therefore, there is a need for a method that can effectively monitor the operation of a multi-stage compressor. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an aspect of the present invention to provide an on-line monitoring method for a multi-stage compressor by simultaneously monitoring the compression efficiency of each stage compressor and the heat exchange efficiency of the interstage cooler. Online monitoring of the operating status of the multi-stage compressor. Therefore, the operation abnormality of the multi-stage compressor can be found early, the operation variation can be reduced, and the operation can be stabilized, thereby achieving the purpose of saving electric energy. According to the above object of the present invention, an on-line monitoring method for a multi-stage compressor is proposed. Wherein the multi-stage compressor comprises a plurality of compressors and at least one cooler, the at least one cooler being disposed between adjacent compressors. The online monitoring method of this multi-stage compressor includes the following steps. A data acquisition step is performed by a central processing unit to extract the pressure and temperature of the gas inlet and outlet of the compressor, the gas flow rate, and the temperature of the inlet and outlet of the gas and cooling water of the cooler, and the cooling water. Flow and / or gas flow. The compression efficiency of each compressor is calculated using the pressure and temperature of the gas inlet and outlet of the compressor, with each compressor having a corresponding reference compression efficiency. The heat exchange efficiency of each chiller is calculated using the temperature of the inlet and outlet of the chiller gas and the cooling water, and the flow rate of the cooling water and/or the gas flow rate, wherein each chiller has a corresponding reference heat exchange efficiency. A first determining step is performed to determine whether the first ratio between the heat exchange efficiency of each of the coolers and the corresponding reference heat exchange efficiency falls within the first predetermined ratio range 201224289. A second determining step is performed to determine whether the second ratio between the compression efficiency of each compressor and the corresponding reference compression efficiency falls within the second predetermined ratio range. When the result of the first determining step and/or the second determining step is negative, an inspection step or a control step is performed on the multi-stage compressor to check the abnormality of the multi-stage compressor or to control the operation of the multi-stage compressor. According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the above method, the step of inspecting the cooler corresponding to the one of the first ratios when one of the first ratios does not fall within the first predetermined ratio range .
依據本發明之另一實施例，在上述之方法中，當上述 第一比例之一者並未落在第一預設比例範圍中時，對這些 第一比例之該者所對應之冷卻器進行控制步驟。 依據本發明之又—實施例，在上述之方法中，糸上 壓縮機之—者H斷步驟之結果衫，且與此i縮機 相鄰之冷卻器之第-判斷步驟的結果也為否時，對此壓缩 機與相鄰之冷卻器進行檢查步驟。 對此屋縮 依據本發明之再—實施例，在上述之方法中， ，縮機之-者之第二判斷步驟之結果為否，但*此^ 二之第一判斷步驟的結果為是時，對此壓縮機 用本發明之實施方式，可有效監控多級壓增機 作變異、二了 f i縮機的操作異常、降低摔 作變異、穩疋㈣，進而可達到節省電能的目的。降低插 【實施方式】 請參照第1圖 其係綠示依照本㈣—實施方式的― 201224289 種多級壓縮機之裝置示意圖。此多級壓縮機100包含數個 壓縮機102、104、106與108，以及數個冷卻器110、112 與114。其中，壓縮機102為第一級壓縮機，壓縮機104 為第二級壓縮機，壓縮機106為第三級壓縮機，壓縮機108 為第四級壓縮機。此外，冷卻器110為第一級間冷卻器， 冷卻器112為第二級間冷卻器，冷卻器114為第三級間冷 卻器。冷卻器110、112及114分別設置在壓縮機102與104 之間、壓縮機104與106之間、以及壓縮機106與108之 間。 在第1圖所示之實施例中，多級壓縮機100包含四個 壓縮機102、104、106與108，以及三個級間冷卻器110、 112與114。然，在其他實施例中，多級壓縮機可包含不同 於上述實施例之壓縮機與冷卻器數量的壓縮機與冷卻器。 其中，當多級壓縮機為二級壓縮機時，其包含二壓縮機、 以及位於此二壓縮機之間的一冷卻器。 如第1圖所示，空氣先進入第一級壓縮機102，經壓 縮後氣體之壓力與溫度分別從入口之壓力Plin與溫度TlIn 升高至出口之壓力Pl0ut與溫度Tl0ut。接著，壓縮後之空 氣進入第一級間冷卻器110中，利用冷卻水來降低空氣之 溫度，其中冷卻水之溫度由進入冷卻器110之溫度TWln 升高到溫度TWl0ut。 第一次壓縮之空氣經冷卻後，進入第二級壓縮機104， 經壓縮後氣體之壓力與溫度分別從入口之壓力Ρ2|η與溫度 Τ21η升高至出口之壓力P20ut與溫度T20ut。接著，經第二 次壓縮後之空氣進入第二級間冷卻器112中，利用冷卻水 201224289 來降低空氣之溫度，其中冷卻水之溫度由進入冷卻器112 之溫度TWIn升高到溫度τW20ut。 第二次壓縮之空氣經冷卻後，進入第三級壓縮機106， 經壓縮後氣體之壓力與溫度分別從入口之壓力Ρ3ιη與溫度 Τ3ιη升高至出口之壓力P30ut與溫度T30ut。接著，經第三 次壓縮後之空氣進入第三級間冷卻器114中，利用冷卻水 來降低空氣之溫度，其中冷卻水之溫度由進入冷卻器114 之溫度TW丨n升高到溫度TW30ut。 第三次壓縮之空氣經冷卻後，進入第四級壓縮機1〇8， 經壓縮後氣體之壓力與溫度分別從入口之壓力Ρ4|η與溫度 T4丨n升高至出口之壓力p4〇ut與溫度T40ut。經第四次壓縮 後之空氣的壓力P40ut與溫度丁4〇111即為多級壓縮機100所 輸出之壓縮空氣的壓力與溫度。 由於’每一級壓縮機之入口溫度與壓力，對其壓縮效 率具有相當大的影響，因此冷卻器之換熱效率與所造成的 壓降’對下一級之壓縮機的壓縮效率影響甚大。此外，當 級間冷卻器因阻塞或内部鰭片（Fin)變形，而使得冷卻器之 傳熱效率變差、壓降變大時，壓縮機之振動頻率並不會有 明顯差異，且壓縮機之等熵效率反而會變大。如此一來， 將會使線上操作人員誤以為壓縮機之狀態變好，而不會對 設備進行檢修，進而造成能源的浪費。再者，對於一般多 級壓縮機’為了降低能耗，大都盡可能設計成使各級壓縮 機的壓縮效率相當。因此，當出現因冷卻器異常時所造成 之$縮效率提高時，只透過監測壓縮效率並無法診斷出塵 縮效率提升的原因。 201224289 因此，發明人認為監控多級壓縮機之整體運轉狀離 時，除了需監控各級壓縮機之壓縮效率外，也必須 g 控各級間冷卻器之換熱效率。如此一來，可避免因級間冷 卻器之換熱效率不佳時，造成下一級壓縮機入口的溫度: 升、壓力下降，而導致整體壓縮效率降低、負載受限^能 耗上升’進而導致壓賴的操作穩定度與硬體安全性下降。 、有鑑於此’本中請案提出—種多級壓縮機之線上監控 方法’。其無需額外靖置量測儀器，只需利用既有多級麼縮 機之操作資訊，即可有效監控多級壓縮機之整體運轉效 率，以及早避免異常擴大’進而達到提升操作穩定性盘硬 體安全性的目標。 ~ 請同時參照第1圖、第2圖與第3圖，其中第2圖係 繪示依照本發明-實施方式的—種多級壓縮機之線上監控 的裝置示意圖，第3圖則係繪示依照本發明一實施方式的 一種多級壓縮機之線上監控的流程圖。在本實施方式^， 線上監控多級壓縮機1〇〇時，可如第3圖之步驟2〇〇所述， 先進行多級壓縮機1〇〇之資料的擷取。在一實施例中，如 第2圖所示，監控多級壓縮機1〇〇時，可先建立與多級壓 縮機100連結之資料庫118，並將此資料庫118與中央處理 器（CPU)116連結。資料庫us可儲存有壓縮機1〇2、1〇4、 106與108之氣體入口與出口的壓力和溫度、與氣體流量， 以及冷卻器110、112與114之氣體與冷卻水之入口與出口 的溫度、和冷卻水流量及/或氣體流量等資料。在一實施例 中，資料庫118與中央處理器116可為可設置在同一控制 媒介中。 201224289 在另一實施例中，多級壓縮機100可具有分散式控制 系統(DCS)，其中分散式控制系統與多級壓縮機1〇〇連接。 此分散式控制系統同樣可儲存有壓縮機1〇2、1〇4、1〇6與 108之氣體入口與出口的壓力和溫度、與氣體流量，以及 冷卻器110、112與114之氣體與冷卻水之入口與出口的溫 度、和冷卻水流量及/或氣體流量等資料。 因此，可利用中央處理器116透過資料庫118或多級 壓縮機100所具有之分散式控制系統，來進行多級壓縮機 100之各壓縮機102、104、106與108，以及各冷卻器11〇、 112與114之入口和出口之溫度與壓力、以及氣體流量與冷 卻水流量等資料的擷取。 在一些實施例中，當已經有多級壓縮機1〇〇之各壓縮 機102、104、106與108 ’以及各冷卻器no、U2與114 之入口和出口之溫度與壓力、以及氣體流量與冷卻水流量 等資料的情況下，可省略資料擷取步驟200，而直接進行 計算步驟202。 在計算步驟202中，可利用所取得之資訊，即各壓縮 機102、104、106與108之入口和出口之溫度與壓力，來 計算每一個壓縮機102、104、106與108之壓縮效率，以 及各冷卻器110、112與114之入口和出口之溫度與壓力、 以及氣體流量及/或冷卻水流量等，來計算每一個冷卻器 110、112與114之換熱效率。在一實施例中，可利用例如 等熵或多變方程式，計算每個壓縮機102、104、106與1〇8 之壓縮效率。此外，可利用計算傳熱單位數效率 (Effectiveness Number of Transfer Unit ; ε -NTU)的方式， 201224289 來計算每個冷卻器110、112與114之換熱效率。 在一例子中’每個壓縮機1〇2、1〇4、1〇6與1〇8均具 有其對應之基準壓縮效率，且每個冷卻器11〇、112與114 亦具有對應之基準換熱效率。舉例而言，壓縮機1〇2、1〇4、 106與1〇8對應之基準壓縮效率可為壓縮機1〇2、1〇4、1〇6 與108剛出廠時之壓縮效率，此時的壓縮效率通常最高。 此外，冷卻器110、H2與114之基準換熱效率可例如為剛 出廠時之換熱效率。 φ 接下來’如步驟204所述，進行壓縮機102、104、106 與108之壓縮效率、與冷卻器u〇、112與114之換熱效率 的判斷步驟。此判斷步驟2〇4包含兩個判斷步驟^ 個判 斷步驟是麟每個冷卻n 11G、112與114之換熱效率與其 ^對應之基準換熱效率之間的比例是否落在第—預設比例 範圍中。第一預設比例範圍可為-般可接受之冷卻器之實 際換熱效率相對於其剛出廠時之較高的基準換熱效率的比 例範圍。 Φ 另一個判斷步驟是判斷每個壓縮機102、104、106與 之壓縮效率與其所對應之基準壓縮效率之間的比例是 ，落，第—預設比例範圍中。第二預設比例㈣可為一般 可接又之壓縮機之實際壓縮效率相對於其剛出薇時之較高 的基準壓縮效率的比例範圍。 田判斷步驟204中的兩個判斷步驟的結果均為是時， 如步驟208所不’代表完成了此次多級壓縮機1〇〇的監 個么然而’判斷步驟204中的兩個判斷步驟的結果中有一 、、否時，則如步驟206所述，對多級壓縮機100進行檢 201224289 查或控制。完成檢查與控制步驟206後，則如步驟208所 示，代表完成了此次多級壓縮機100的監控。 在一例子中，在判斷步驟204中，當冷卻器110、112 與114中之任一者之換熱效率與其所對應之基準換熱效率 之間的比例並非落在第一預設比例範圍中時，表示此一冷 卻器異常。因此，需對此一冷卻器進行檢查，以維修、甚 至換掉多級壓縮機1〇〇中之此一冷卻器。當檢查結果為此 冷卻器的硬體並無問題時，可對此冷卻器進行控制步驟， 來調整冷卻器之冷媒，例如冷卻水，之量與溫度。 在另一例子中，在判斷步驟204中，當判斷結果為， 壓縮機102、104、106與108之任一者之壓縮效率與其所 對應之基準壓縮效率之間的比例並未落在第二預設比例範 圍中，且此壓縮機之相鄰冷卻器之換熱效率與其所對應之 基準換熱效率之間的比例也並非落在第一預設比例範圍中 時，則代表此壓縮機及/或其相鄰冷卻器有異常。因此，需 對此壓縮機及/或其相鄰冷卻器進行檢查，以維修、甚至換 掉多級壓縮機100中之此壓縮機及/或其相鄰冷卻器。 在又一例子中，在判斷步驟204中，當判斷結果為， 壓縮機102、104、106與108之任一者之壓縮效率與其所 對應之基準壓縮效率之間的比例並未落在第二預設比例範 圍中，但此壓縮機之相鄰冷卻器之換熱效率與其所對應之 基準換熱效率之間的比例係落在第一預設比例範圍中時， 則代表此壓縮機有異常。因此，需對此壓縮機進行控制， 來調整多級壓縮機100中之此壓縮機的負載。 由上述本發明之實施方式可知，本發明之一優點為本 201224289 發明之多級壓縮機之線上監控方法 縮機之壓縮效率與其級間冷卻器之’、藉由同時監控各級壓 上監控多級壓縮機之運轉狀態。因換熱致率的方式，來線 縮機之運轉狀態，進而可及早發玉此夕’可有效監控多級壓 常、降低操作變異、穩定接你、/見多級壓縮機的操作異 的。 作，進而可達到節省電能的目 另外，上述之實施例可彻 可包含儲存有多個指令之機n可讀取2產Ϊ來實現，】 式化(programming)電腦來進行上 、_，這些指令可身 可讀取媒體可為但不限定於軟碟例中的步驟。機i 碟、唯讀記憶體、隨機存取記憶體I、唯讀光碟、磁i 憶體(EPROM)、電子可抹除可程、Ί除彳程式唯讀言 光卡(optical card)或磁卡、快閃記憶/思體(EEPROM) 子指令的機器可讀取媒體。再者，〜本我任何適於儲存1 為電腦程式產品來下載，其可藉由使例也可拍 連線之類的連接)之資料訊號來 :二接(例如_ 腦。 電脳轉移至請求， 雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上，钬 本發明，任何在此技術領域中具有通常並非用以限另 本發明之精神和範圍内，當可作各 〇識者，在不脫离 J發明之保護麵視後附之申請二動圍與::定:: 【圖式簡單說明】 為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、 将徵、優點與實施合 201224289 能更明顯易懂，所附圖式之說明如下： 第1圖係繪示依照本發明一實施方式的一種多級壓縮 機之裝置示意圖。 第2圖係繪示依照本發明一實施方式的一種多級壓縮 機之線上監控的裝置示意圖。 第3圖係繪示依照本發明一實施方式的一種多級壓縮 機之線上監控的流程圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 ： 多級壓縮機 102 ： 壓縮機 104 ： 壓縮機 106 ： 壓縮機 108 ： 壓縮機 110 ： 冷卻器 112 ： 冷卻器 114 ： 冷卻器 116 ： 中央處理器 118 : 資料庫 200 ： 步驟 202 ： 步驟 204 ： 步驟 206 ： 步驟 208 ： 步驟 P1 丨η : 壓力 Pl〇ut :壓力 Ρ2,η ： 壓力 P2〇ut :壓力 Ρ3,η * 壓力 P3〇ut :壓力 Ρ4,η ： 壓力 P4〇ut :壓力 ΤΙ,η ： 溫度 T1 Out :溫度 Τ2Ιη ： 溫度 T2〇ut :溫度 Τ3Ιη ： 溫度 T3〇ut :溫度 Τ41η ： 溫度 T4〇ut :溫度 TWIn :溫度 14 201224289 TWl〇ut :溫度 TW2〇ut .溫度 TW30ut :溫度According to another embodiment of the present invention, in the above method, when one of the first ratios does not fall within the first predetermined ratio range, the cooler corresponding to the one of the first ratios is performed. Control steps. According to still another embodiment of the present invention, in the above method, the result of the H-breaking step of the compressor is the result of the step-judgement step of the cooler adjacent to the i-shrinking machine. At this time, the compressor and the adjacent cooler are inspected. According to a further embodiment of the present invention, in the above method, the result of the second determining step of the shrinking machine is no, but the result of the first determining step of the second is YES. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the compressor can effectively monitor the multi-stage pressure increasing machine for variability, the operation abnormality of the second fi-shrinking machine, reduce the variation of the crashing, and stabilize (4), thereby achieving the purpose of saving electric energy. Lower insertion [Embodiment] Please refer to Fig. 1 for a green schematic diagram of a multi-stage compressor of 201224289 according to this (4)-embodiment. The multi-stage compressor 100 includes a plurality of compressors 102, 104, 106 and 108, and a plurality of coolers 110, 112 and 114. Among them, the compressor 102 is a first-stage compressor, the compressor 104 is a second-stage compressor, the compressor 106 is a third-stage compressor, and the compressor 108 is a fourth-stage compressor. Further, the cooler 110 is a first interstage cooler, the cooler 112 is a second interstage cooler, and the cooler 114 is a third interstage cooler. Coolers 110, 112 and 114 are disposed between compressors 102 and 104, between compressors 104 and 106, and between compressors 106 and 108, respectively. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the multi-stage compressor 100 includes four compressors 102, 104, 106 and 108, and three interstage coolers 110, 112 and 114. However, in other embodiments, the multi-stage compressor may include compressors and coolers that differ in the number of compressors and coolers of the above embodiments. Wherein, when the multi-stage compressor is a two-stage compressor, it comprises two compressors, and a cooler between the two compressors. As shown in Fig. 1, the air first enters the first stage compressor 102, and the pressure and temperature of the compressed gas are increased from the inlet pressure Plin and the temperature TlIn to the outlet pressure P10ut and the temperature Tl0ut, respectively. Next, the compressed air enters the first interstage cooler 110, and the temperature of the air is lowered by the cooling water, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is raised from the temperature TWln entering the cooler 110 to the temperature TW10ut. After the first compressed air is cooled, it enters the second stage compressor 104. After compression, the pressure and temperature of the gas are raised from the inlet pressure Ρ2|η and the temperature Τ21η to the outlet pressure P20ut and the temperature T20ut, respectively. Then, the second compressed air enters the second interstage cooler 112, and the cooling water 201224289 is used to lower the temperature of the air, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is raised from the temperature TWIn entering the cooler 112 to the temperature τW20ut. After the second compressed air is cooled, it enters the third stage compressor 106. After compression, the pressure and temperature of the gas are raised from the inlet pressure Ρ3ιη and the temperature Τ3ιη to the outlet pressure P30ut and the temperature T30ut, respectively. Then, the third compressed air enters the third interstage cooler 114, and the temperature of the air is lowered by the cooling water, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is raised from the temperature TW丨n entering the cooler 114 to the temperature TW30ut. After the third compressed air is cooled, it enters the fourth stage compressor 1〇8. After compression, the pressure and temperature of the gas rise from the inlet pressure Ρ4|η and the temperature T4丨n to the outlet pressure p4〇ut, respectively. With temperature T40ut. The pressure P40ut and the temperature of the air after the fourth compression are the pressure and temperature of the compressed air outputted by the multistage compressor 100. Since the inlet temperature and pressure of each stage compressor have a considerable influence on the compression efficiency, the heat exchange efficiency of the cooler and the resulting pressure drop have a great influence on the compression efficiency of the compressor of the next stage. In addition, when the interstage cooler is deformed due to blockage or internal fin (Fin), the heat transfer efficiency of the cooler is deteriorated, and the pressure drop becomes large, the vibration frequency of the compressor does not significantly differ, and the compressor The isentropic efficiency will instead become larger. As a result, the online operator will mistakenly think that the state of the compressor is getting better, and the equipment will not be overhauled, resulting in waste of energy. Furthermore, in order to reduce the energy consumption of the general multi-stage compressors, most of them are designed to make the compression efficiency of the compressors of the respective stages equivalent. Therefore, when the shrinkage efficiency caused by the abnormality of the cooler is increased, the cause of the increase in the dust reduction efficiency cannot be diagnosed only by monitoring the compression efficiency. 201224289 Therefore, the inventor believes that in addition to monitoring the compression efficiency of each stage of the compressor, it is necessary to control the heat exchange efficiency of the intercooler between the stages in order to monitor the overall operation of the multistage compressor. In this way, the temperature of the inlet of the next-stage compressor can be avoided when the heat exchange efficiency of the interstage cooler is not good: the rise and the pressure drop, resulting in a decrease in the overall compression efficiency, a load limitation, and an increase in energy consumption. The operational stability and hardware safety of the pressure drop are degraded. In view of this, the present invention proposes an online monitoring method for multi-stage compressors. It does not require additional monitoring equipment, and it can effectively monitor the overall operating efficiency of the multi-stage compressor and avoid abnormal expansion as early as possible by using the operation information of the multi-stage compressor. The goal of physical safety. Please refer to FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 at the same time, wherein FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for online monitoring of a multi-stage compressor according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram A flow chart of on-line monitoring of a multi-stage compressor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, when the multi-stage compressor is monitored on the line, the data of the multi-stage compressor can be first taken as described in step 2 of FIG. In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, when monitoring the multi-stage compressor 1 , the database 118 connected to the multi-stage compressor 100 may be first established, and the database 118 and the central processing unit (CPU) ) 116 links. The database us can store the pressure and temperature of the gas inlet and outlet of the compressors 1, 2, 4, 106 and 108, and the gas flow, and the inlet and outlet of the gas and cooling water of the coolers 110, 112 and 114. Temperature, and cooling water flow and / or gas flow and other information. In an embodiment, database 118 and central processor 116 may be configurable in the same control medium. 201224289 In another embodiment, the multi-stage compressor 100 can have a distributed control system (DCS) in which a decentralized control system is coupled to a multi-stage compressor. The decentralized control system can also store the pressure and temperature of the gas inlet and outlet of the compressors 1, 2, 4, 1, 6 and 108, and the gas flow, and the gas and cooling of the coolers 110, 112 and 114. Information on the temperature of the inlet and outlet of the water, and the flow of cooling water and/or gas flow. Therefore, each of the compressors 102, 104, 106, and 108 of the multi-stage compressor 100, and each of the coolers 11 can be performed by the central processing unit 116 through the decentralized control system of the data bank 118 or the multi-stage compressor 100. The temperature and pressure of the inlet and outlet of 〇, 112 and 114, as well as the data of gas flow and cooling water flow. In some embodiments, when there are already multiple compressors 102, 104, 106 and 108' of the multi-stage compressor 1 and the inlet and outlet of each of the coolers no, U2 and 114, the temperature and pressure, and the gas flow rate In the case of data such as the cooling water flow rate, the data extraction step 200 can be omitted and the calculation step 202 can be directly performed. In calculation step 202, the information obtained, that is, the temperature and pressure at the inlet and outlet of each of the compressors 102, 104, 106, and 108, can be used to calculate the compression efficiency of each of the compressors 102, 104, 106, and 108, The heat exchange efficiency of each of the coolers 110, 112, and 114 is calculated by the temperature and pressure of the inlet and outlet of each of the coolers 110, 112, and 114, and the gas flow rate and/or the flow rate of the cooling water. In an embodiment, the compression efficiency of each of the compressors 102, 104, 106, and 1 〇 8 can be calculated using, for example, an isentropic or multivariate equation. Further, the heat exchange efficiency of each of the coolers 110, 112, and 114 can be calculated by the method of calculating the Effectiveness Number of Transfer Unit (ε-NTU), 201224289. In an example, 'each compressor 1〇2, 1〇4, 1〇6, and 1〇8 have their corresponding reference compression efficiencies, and each chiller 11〇, 112, and 114 also has a corresponding base change. Thermal efficiency. For example, the reference compression efficiency corresponding to the compressors 1〇2, 1〇4, 106, and 1〇8 can be the compression efficiency of the compressors 1〇2, 1〇4, 1〇6, and 108 just after delivery. The compression efficiency is usually the highest. Further, the reference heat exchange efficiency of the coolers 110, H2 and 114 can be, for example, the heat exchange efficiency at the time of shipment. φ Next, as described in step 204, the steps of determining the compression efficiency of the compressors 102, 104, 106, and 108 and the heat exchange efficiency with the coolers u, 112, and 114 are performed. The judging step 2〇4 includes two judging steps. The judging step is whether the ratio between the heat exchange efficiency of each of the cooling n 11G, 112 and 114 and the reference heat exchange efficiency corresponding to the ^ is in the first preset ratio. In the scope. The first predetermined ratio range can be a range of ratios of the actual heat exchange efficiency of the generally acceptable cooler relative to its higher baseline heat exchange efficiency at the factory. Φ Another judging step is to judge that the ratio between the compression efficiency of each of the compressors 102, 104, and 106 and the reference compression efficiency corresponding thereto is in the range of the first predetermined range. The second predetermined ratio (4) may be a range of ratios of the actual compression efficiency of the generally connectable compressor to the higher reference compression efficiency at the time of its just exiting. When the results of the two determination steps in the field determination step 204 are all, if the step 208 does not represent the completion of the multi-stage compressor 1 然而, however, the two determination steps in the determination step 204 If there is one or no, the multi-stage compressor 100 is checked or controlled 201224289 as described in step 206. Upon completion of the inspection and control step 206, as indicated by step 208, the monitoring of the multi-stage compressor 100 is completed. In an example, in the determining step 204, the ratio between the heat exchange efficiency of any one of the coolers 110, 112, and 114 and the corresponding reference heat exchange efficiency does not fall within the first predetermined ratio range. When this indicates that this cooler is abnormal. Therefore, it is necessary to inspect this cooler to repair, or even replace, one of the multi-stage compressors. When the result of the inspection is that there is no problem with the hardware of the cooler, the cooler can be controlled to adjust the amount of refrigerant, such as cooling water, and temperature of the cooler. In another example, in the determining step 204, when the result of the determination is that the ratio between the compression efficiency of any of the compressors 102, 104, 106, and 108 and the corresponding reference compression efficiency does not fall in the second In the preset ratio range, and the ratio between the heat exchange efficiency of the adjacent cooler of the compressor and the corresponding reference heat exchange efficiency does not fall within the first preset ratio range, it represents the compressor and / or its adjacent cooler has an abnormality. Therefore, the compressor and/or its adjacent coolers need to be inspected to repair or even replace the compressor and/or its adjacent cooler in the multi-stage compressor 100. In still another example, in the determining step 204, when the result of the determination is that the ratio between the compression efficiency of any of the compressors 102, 104, 106, and 108 and the corresponding reference compression efficiency does not fall in the second In the preset ratio range, but the ratio between the heat exchange efficiency of the adjacent cooler of the compressor and the corresponding reference heat exchange efficiency falls within the first preset ratio range, it represents that the compressor has an abnormality. . Therefore, the compressor needs to be controlled to adjust the load of the compressor in the multi-stage compressor 100. It can be seen from the above embodiments of the present invention that one of the advantages of the present invention is that the compression efficiency of the on-line monitoring method of the multi-stage compressor of the invention of 201224289 is the same as that of the interstage cooler. The operating state of the stage compressor. Due to the way of heat transfer rate, the operating state of the line shrinking machine can be used to monitor the multi-stage pressure, reduce the variation of operation, stabilize the connection, and see the operation of the multi-stage compressor. . In addition, the foregoing embodiments can achieve the purpose of saving power. In addition, the above embodiments can be implemented by including a machine that stores a plurality of instructions, which can be read, and the like. The instructions can be read by the media, but are not limited to the steps in the floppy disk example. i disk, read only memory, random access memory I, CD-ROM, magnetic memory (EPROM), electronic erasable, erasable program, optical card or magnetic card The machine can read media from the flash memory/smart (EEPROM) subcommand. Furthermore, ~ any of the data signals that are suitable for storing 1 for computer program products, which can be connected by means of a connection, etc.): two connections (eg _ brain. eDonkey transfer to request) The present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, and the present invention is not limited to the spirit and scope of the present invention. The protection surface is attached to the application of the second movement and:::: [Simple description of the drawing] In order to make the above and other purposes, the advantages, advantages and implementation of the present invention 201224289 can be more clearly understood, the drawing The following is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage compressor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for on-line monitoring of a multi-stage compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a flow chart showing the on-line monitoring of a multi-stage compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 100: Multi-stage compressor 102: Compressor 104: Compressor 106: Pressure Machine 108: Compressor 110: Cooler 112: Cooler 114: Cooler 116: Central Processing Unit 118: Library 200: Step 202: Step 204: Step 206: Step 208: Step P1 丨η: Pressure Pl〇ut: Pressure Ρ2, η: Pressure P2〇ut: Pressure Ρ3, η* Pressure P3〇ut: Pressure Ρ4, η: Pressure P4〇ut: Pressure ΤΙ, η: Temperature T1 Out: Temperature Τ2Ιη: Temperature T2〇ut: Temperature Τ3Ιη: Temperature T3〇ut: Temperature Τ41η: Temperature T4〇ut: Temperature TWIn: Temperature 14 201224289 TWl〇ut: Temperature TW2〇ut. Temperature TW30ut: Temperature
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