201222921 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明關於一種電瓶系統及一種具本發明電瓶系統的 汽車。 【先前技術】 事實顯示，在未來不論是在位置固定的用途（例如發力 發電設備）或在汽車（例如油電雙用或電動車）新式電瓶系統 的使用將大大增加’因此對其可靠性的要求也很高。 這種高度要求的背景為：電瓶故障會造成整個系統故 障。例如，在電動車，拖曳用蓄電池（Trakti〇nsbatterie， 英··traction battery)故障造成所謂「躺著不動」。此外，電 池故障會造成與安全有關的問題。在風力發電設備的場 合，舉例而言，使用電瓶，俾在強風時，藉著轉子葉片調 整，以保遵該設備不受不容許的操作狀態。 依今日先前技術的一電瓶系統的原理圖示於圖1中， 整體用（100)表示的一電瓶系統包含多數電瓶電池 (flatteriezelle，英：battery celi)(10)及一「充電與隔離裝置」 (12)，該充電與隔離裝置（丨2)包含一隔離開關（1句、一充電 開關（16)及一充電電阻（18)。此電瓶系統（1〇〇)另外包含一個 隔離裝置（20)，它有一隔離開關（22)。 要將此電瓶系統安全地操作’則絕對必要使各電瓶電 池在一容許之操作範圍（電壓範圍、溫度範圍、電流限度） 操作’如果一電瓶電池（丨〇)在此限度外，則它須從該電池複 201222921 合物拿出來’因此當電瓶電池（1 ο)串聯時（如圖1所示），單 一電瓶電池故障就會使整個電瓶系統故障。 特別是在油電雙用車及電動車係使用鋰離子或鎳金厲 混合技術的電瓶’它們具有多數串聯的電化學電狀電池， 一電瓶管理單元用於監視此電瓶，且除了作安全監視外， 還要確保儘量長的使用壽命。為此’各個別電瓶電池的電 壓連同電瓶電流及電瓶溫度作測量，並作狀態評估（例如電 瓶的充電狀態或老化狀態的評估）。為了使得使用壽命最大 化，宜在任何時間檢知電瓶的最大功率能力，即可取出或 可吸收的最大電功率’ 果超出此功率能力，則電池的老 化會大大加速。 特別是在油電雙用車及電動車係使用鋰離子或錄金屬 混合技術的電瓶，它們具有多數串聯的電化學電瓶電池， 一電瓶管理單元用於監視此電瓶，且除了作安全監視外， 還要確保儘量長的使用壽命H，各個別f瓶電池的電 塵連同電瓶電流及電瓶溫度作測量，並作狀態評估(例如電 瓶的充電狀態或老化狀態的評估)’為了使得使用壽命最大 化’宜在任何時間檢知電瓶的最大功率能力即可取出或 可吸收的最大電功率。如果超出此功率能力1電池的老 化會大大加速。 【發明内容】 依本發明提供一種電瓶系統’它具有多數電瓶電池及 H i里單TL ’此電瓶系統宜為—鍾離子電瓶電池。 此電瓶管理單元包含多數檢出裝置及至少一分析單201222921 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a battery system and an automobile having the battery system of the present invention. [Prior Art] The facts show that in the future, the use of new battery systems, whether in fixed-position applications (such as power generation equipment) or in automobiles (such as oil-electric dual-use or electric vehicles), will greatly increase The requirements are also very high. The highly demanding background is that a battery failure can cause the entire system to malfunction. For example, in an electric vehicle, the towed battery (Trakti〇nsbatterie, British·traction battery) malfunctions, causing the so-called "lying motionless." In addition, battery failures can cause safety-related problems. In the case of wind power plants, for example, batteries are used, and in the case of strong winds, the rotor blades are adjusted to ensure that the equipment is not subjected to unacceptable operating conditions. A schematic diagram of a battery system according to the prior art of the prior art is shown in FIG. 1. A battery system represented by the whole (100) includes a plurality of battery batteries (flatteriezelle, English: battery celi) (10) and a "charging and isolation device". (12) The charging and isolating device (丨2) comprises an isolating switch (1 sentence, a charging switch (16) and a charging resistor (18). The battery system (1〇〇) additionally comprises an isolation device (20) ), it has an isolating switch (22). To operate this battery system safely, it is absolutely necessary to operate each battery battery within a permissible operating range (voltage range, temperature range, current limit) 'if a battery battery (丨〇) Outside this limit, it must be taken from the battery 201202221 compound. So when the battery battery (1 ο) is connected in series (as shown in Figure 1), a single battery battery failure will cause the entire battery system to malfunction. In particular, in lithium-ion vehicles and electric vehicles, batteries using lithium ion or nickel-gold hybrid technology have a plurality of electrochemical cells in series, and a battery management unit is used to monitor the battery, and In addition to safety monitoring, it is also necessary to ensure the longest possible service life. For this purpose, the voltage of each battery battery is measured together with the battery current and the battery temperature, and the status is evaluated (for example, the evaluation of the state of charge or aging of the battery). In order to maximize the service life, it is advisable to detect the maximum power capacity of the battery at any time, and the maximum electric power that can be taken out or absorbed. If the power capacity exceeds this power capacity, the aging of the battery will be greatly accelerated. Especially in the oil and electricity dual use Cars and electric vehicles use batteries with lithium ion or metal recording technology. They have a large number of electrochemical battery cells connected in series. A battery management unit is used to monitor the battery, and in addition to safety monitoring, it must be as long as possible. Lifetime H, the dust of each f bottle battery is measured along with the battery current and battery temperature, and the status is evaluated (for example, the evaluation of the state of charge or aging of the battery) 'To maximize the service life' should be detected at any time. The maximum power of the battery can be taken out or the maximum electric power that can be absorbed. If this power is exceeded The aging of the battery of the capability 1 is greatly accelerated. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, a battery system is provided which has a plurality of battery batteries and a single TL in the battery. The battery system is preferably a clock battery. The battery management unit includes a majority. Detection device and at least one analysis sheet
S 4 201222921 元。私出裝置設計成將電瓶電池的至少一操作參數檢出， 並送到/7析單元。在此，檢出裝置和分析單元係為一場滙 流排（Feldbus)系統的元件。如此，相較於先前技術，配線成 本減少。 檢出裝置可設計成選擇性地將各一電瓶電池或數個電 瓶電池的操作參數檢出。如果一電瓶系統包含數個檢出裝 置，則它們可作邏輯耦合，並送去作共同分析❶ 在本發明的電瓶系統中，電瓶電池係串聯者，場滙流 排系統的元件可用不同網路拓撲學方式（Netzt〇p〇l〇gie， 英：network topology)作網絡，可能的實施例為： 雛菊鏈（Daisy-chain)拓撲學； 星形拓撲學； 環形拓撲學；或 、滙流排拓撲學。 檢出裝置可設計成將-電瓶電池的電池電壓及/或在一電瓶 電池中的溫度及/或流過一電瓶電池的電流檢出。 此外，電瓶管理單元可包含多數監視裝置，它們可設 計成將電瓶電池的至少一操作參數測量，1當該測量的操 作參數值低於或超過-預^之臨限值時，就產生 號。監視裝置係為電瓶管理單元的—累贅⑽⑽㈣元素。， 它可防止在-個或數個檢出襄置故障時，電瓶電池的電池 狀態就不再能準確得知。 當沒有本發明的監視裝 統確時操作，有一些電瓶電 置時’可能就不能確保整個系 '也（其操作參數在正常操作時由 201222921 故障的檢出裝置檢出）須從整個系統鬆開來或將整個系統關 掉。 利用監視裝置，即使當一檢出裝置故障時也能確保安 全操作，監視裝置可監視出一個或數個重要的操作參數（電 壓、電流或溫度）。一監視裝置可監視一個或數個值/每個電 瓶，或將串聯的電瓶電池的一定數目的電瓶電池的例如總 電壓的一值（它關於數個電池接在一起的值）。 上述實施例可任意組合。如此產生有變通性的模組式 及可標度的監視功能。在此，這些監視裝置可用邏輯方式 互相連結，使一個監視裝置的反應造成整個系統反應的反 應。特別是在一監視裝置的發出警告，會使整個系統的警 告動作。 在一特別實施例中，該監視裝置為場滙流排系統的元 件，檢出裝置也接到這些元件，但監視裝置也可為其他分 別的場滙流排系統的元件。 本發明另一標的係一種包含本發明之電瓶系統的汽 車。 整體上，藉著使用該檢出及監視裝置，所提供的電瓶 系統在一個或數個電瓶電池故障時能可繼續確實操作。如 此該電瓶系統的連接（Klemmen)在某些狀況固然比起正常 喿作的效率父|{艮，但當電池系統適當設計時，可避免系統 故障或電瓶系統之危及安全的狀態。 本發明的實施例利用圖式及以下說明詳述。S 4 201222921 yuan. The private device is designed to detect at least one operating parameter of the battery battery and send it to the /7 unit. Here, the detection device and the analysis unit are elements of a bus system (Feldbus). Thus, the wiring cost is reduced compared to the prior art. The detection device can be designed to selectively detect operational parameters of each battery cell or battery cells. If a battery system contains several detection devices, they can be logically coupled and sent for common analysis. In the battery system of the present invention, the battery cells are connected in series, and the components of the field bus system can be used in different network topologies. Learning method (Netzt〇p〇l〇gie, English: network topology) as a network, possible examples are: Daisy-chain topology; star topology; ring topology; or bus topology . The detection device can be designed to detect the battery voltage of the battery battery and/or the temperature in a battery battery and/or the current flowing through a battery battery. In addition, the battery management unit can include a plurality of monitoring devices that can be designed to measure at least one operational parameter of the battery battery, 1 generating a number when the measured operational parameter value is below or above the threshold. The monitoring device is the 赘(10)(10)(4) element of the battery management unit. It prevents the battery status of the battery battery from being accurately known when one or several detection devices fail. When the monitoring device of the present invention is not operated in time, when some batteries are placed, it may not be able to ensure that the entire system is also (the operating parameters are detected by the detection device of the 201222921 fault during normal operation) and must be loose from the entire system. Open or turn off the entire system. With the monitoring device, the safety device can ensure safe operation even when a device is detected to be faulty, and the monitoring device can monitor one or several important operating parameters (voltage, current or temperature). A monitoring device can monitor one or several values per battery, or a value such as the total voltage of a certain number of battery cells of the battery cells in series (it is a value for which several batteries are connected together). The above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined. This results in a modular and scalable monitoring function. Here, these monitoring devices can be logically connected to each other such that the reaction of one monitoring device causes a reaction of the entire system reaction. In particular, the warning of a monitoring device will cause the warning of the entire system to operate. In a particular embodiment, the monitoring device is an element of a field bus system, and the detection device is also coupled to these components, but the monitoring device can also be an element of other separate field bus systems. Another subject of the invention is an automobile comprising the battery system of the invention. Overall, by using the detection and monitoring device, the provided battery system can continue to operate in the event of a failure of one or more battery cells. Thus, the connection of the battery system (Klemmen) is in some cases better than the efficiency of the normal operation. However, when the battery system is properly designed, the system failure or the safety of the battery system can be avoided. Embodiments of the invention are described in detail using the drawings and the following description.
S 6 201222921 【實施方式】 圖2顯示依本發明一第一實施例的一電瓶系統（1〇〇)， 多數電瓶電池（10)串聯且在多數模組（24)中組合，一模組（24) 包含—預定數目的電瓶電池（10)，它典型的數目在6〜12 間。檢出裝置（26)測量各一電瓶電池（丨〇)的電壓並將電壓測 量值傳送到一場滙流排（28)，一分析單元（3〇)接到該場滙流 排，分析單元（30)可控制一高壓保護手段以保護電池系統 (1 0)。圖2中的場滙流排系統係用一種滙流排拓撲學方式作 網絡（vernetzen，英：networking)，並使用一 CAN(ControlledS 6 201222921 [Embodiment] FIG. 2 shows a battery system (1〇〇) according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Most battery batteries (10) are connected in series and combined in a plurality of modules (24), one module ( 24) Contains - a predetermined number of battery batteries (10), which are typically between 6 and 12. The detecting device (26) measures the voltage of each battery cell (丨〇) and transmits the voltage measurement value to a bus bar (28), and an analyzing unit (3〇) is connected to the field bus bar, and the analyzing unit (30) A high voltage protection can be controlled to protect the battery system (10). The field bus system in Figure 2 uses a bus topology to operate as a network (vernetzen, English: networking) and uses a CAN (Controlled
Area Network)的協定（protokoll)。 此外’有多數監視裝置（32)接到場滙流排（28)(其中圖2 中只顯示一監視裝置）。監視裝置（32)各包含一比較器（34)， 該比較器將在一模組（24)上的電壓與一預定電壓臨限值％ 比較。： 如果在模組（24)上測得之電壓超過該電壓臨值vs，則 一警告信號被傳送到場滙流排（28)β此外，如果低於另一預 定之電壓臨限值，也將一信號傳送到場滙流排。 電瓶系統（100)的所有監視裝置（32)可與一邏輯或閘連 接，當有一監視裝置（32)發一警告時，該閘就發一總警告。 圖2所示實施例的場滙流排系統係用一種滙流排拓撲 學作網絡。但本發明不限於使用滙流排拓撲學，而係可選 用其他基本建築變更例。也可使用不同的物理媒體，例如 光學媒介或電媒介以及不同之場滙流排系統協定。因此， 除了圖2所示的CAN協定外，也可使用UN(L〇cai 201222921Area Network) agreement (protokoll). In addition, a plurality of monitoring devices (32) are connected to the field bus (28) (where only one monitoring device is shown in Figure 2). The monitoring devices (32) each include a comparator (34) that compares the voltage across a module (24) to a predetermined voltage threshold %. : If the voltage measured on the module (24) exceeds the voltage value vs, a warning signal is transmitted to the field bus (28) β. In addition, if it is lower than another predetermined voltage threshold, it will also A signal is transmitted to the field bus. All of the monitoring devices (32) of the battery system (100) can be coupled to a logic or gate that issues a general warning when a monitoring device (32) issues a warning. The field bus system of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 uses a bus topology as a network. However, the invention is not limited to the use of busbar topology, but other basic architectural variants are available. Different physical media may also be used, such as optical media or electrical media, as well as different field bus system protocols. Therefore, in addition to the CAN protocol shown in Figure 2, UN can also be used (L〇cai 201222921
Interconnect Network)協定，或 Flexray 協定。 圖3a〜3d顯示場滙流排系統的不同的基本建築變更 例。圖3a顯示一種滙流排拓撲學形式的網絡，其檢出裝置 (26)與分析單元（30)並聯接在場滙流排（28^圖3&所示的扭 撲學對應於圖2所示本發明第一實施例。 圖3b顯示本發明一第二實施例，呈一種環狀拓撲學的 場滙流排系統（28)的網絡形式，其中檢出單元（26)和分析單 元（30)利用個別線路（stichieitung)接到一環形場滙流排 (28)。 圖3c顯示本發明的一第三實施例，呈一雛菊鏈拓撲學 的場滙流排系統（28)的網絡形式，其中檢出裝置（26)和分析 單元（30)先後串聯。 最後，圖3d顯示本發明一第四實施例，呈一星形拓撲 學的場滙流排系統（28)的網絡形式，其中檢出裝置（26)各利 用一場滙流排（28)與分析單元（3〇)連接。 圖3a〜3d所示之拓撲學也可用於監視裝置（32)的網 絡。因此監視裝置（32)也可接到場滙流排系統（28)或接到其 他圖未示的場滙流排系統（它本發明利用雛菊鏈拓撲學、星 形拓撲學、環狀拓撲學或滙流排拓撲學作網絡）。 特別是檢出裝置（26)和監視裝置（32)也可用圖3a〜3d 所示之拓撲學共同網絡。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係依先前技術的一電瓶系統；Interconnect Network), or Flexray protocol. Figures 3a to 3d show different basic building changes for the field bus system. Figure 3a shows a network in the form of a busbar topology, with the detection device (26) and the analysis unit (30) coupled to the field bus (28^ Figure 3 & shown in Figure 2 corresponds to the Figure 2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Figure 3b shows a second embodiment of the present invention in the form of a loop topology fieldbus system (28) in which the detection unit (26) and the analysis unit (30) utilize individual A line (stichieitung) is connected to an annular field busbar (28). Figure 3c shows a third embodiment of the invention in the form of a network of a daisy-chain topology field busbar system (28), wherein the detection device ( 26) and the analysis unit (30) are connected in series. Finally, FIG. 3d shows a network form of a star topology field bus system (28) according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, wherein the detection devices (26) are respectively The busbars (28) are connected to the analysis unit (3〇). The topology shown in Figures 3a to 3d can also be used for the network of the monitoring device (32). Therefore, the monitoring device (32) can also be connected to the field bus system. (28) or receiving a field bus system not shown in other figures (it is the invention) Use daisy chain topology, star topology, ring topology or bus topology to network. In particular, the detection device (26) and the monitoring device (32) can also be used together with the topology shown in Figures 3a to 3d. Network [Simplified description of the drawings] Figure 1 is a battery system according to the prior art;
S 8 201222921 圖2係依一第一實施例之本發明電瓶系統； 圖3a〜3d係本發明電瓶系統的場滙流排系統的各種不 同拓撲學方式。 【主要元件符號說明】 (10) 電瓶電阻 (12) 充電與隔離裝置 (14) 隔離開關 (16) 充電開關 (18) 充電電阻 (20) 隔離裝置 (22) 隔離開關 (24) 模組 (26) 檢出裝置 (28) 場滙流排 (30) 分析單元 (32) 監視裝置 (34) 比較器 (100) 電瓶系統S 8 201222921 Figure 2 is a battery system of the invention in accordance with a first embodiment; Figures 3a to 3d are various different topologies of the field bus system of the battery system of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] (10) Battery resistance (12) Charging and isolation device (14) Isolation switch (16) Charging switch (18) Charging resistor (20) Isolation device (22) Isolation switch (24) Module (26 Detection device (28) Field bus (30) Analysis unit (32) Monitoring device (34) Comparator (100) Battery system